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Wu Q, Liu M, Fang Z, Li C, Zou F, Hu L, Zhang W. Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin at different doses in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials. J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 47:270-286. [PMID: 34544199 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE As an oral hypoglycaemic drug that significantly reduces cardiovascular risk, empagliflozin is often used in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the dosage and administration of empagliflozin are still controversial clinically. To determine the most appropriate dose, we performed this network meta-analysis. METHODS We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about empagliflozin from eight databases. We analysed the pharmacodynamics, adverse effects (AEs), and pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin at different doses. RESULTS We identified 8264 articles, of which 23 RCTs with 10518 patients were included. Regarding haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-daily doses (10, 25, 50 mg) were significantly better than low doses (1, 2.5, 5 mg). For total AEs, there was a dose-response trend in which safety decreased with increasing doses. According to SUCRA sequencing, the order for lowering HbA1c was 25 > 50 > 10 > 5 > 1 mg, for lowering FPG was 50 > 25 > 10 > 5 > 2.5 > 1 mg and for safety was 1> 5 > 10 > 25> 2.5 > 50 mg. When considering HbA1c, FPG and total AEs, we performed a hierarchical cluster analysis and network meta-analysis to find that 25 mg performed best among different doses, which was more significant after long-term use (≥ 12 weeks). Pharmacokinetic parameters exhibited significant dose-response relationships. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION High-daily doses (10, 25, 50 mg) had better efficacy than low doses (1, 2.5, 5 mg). When considering HbA1c, FPG and total AEs, 25 mg performed best among the different doses in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Miaowen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zige Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenxiong Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The second affiliated hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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252
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Barakat B, Almeida MEF. Biochemical and immunological changes in obesity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 708:108951. [PMID: 34102165 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a syndemia that promotes high expenditures for public health, and is defined by the excess of adipose tissue that is classified according to its function and anatomical distribution. In obese people, this tissue generates oxidative stress associated with a chronic inflammatory response, in which there is an imbalance in relation to the release of hormones and adipokines that cause loss of body homeostasis and predisposition to the development of some comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to summarize the main events that occur during the onset and progression of obesity with a special focus on biochemical and immunological changes. Hypertrophied and hyperplasia adipocytes have biomarkers and release adipokines capable of regulating pathways and expressing genes that culminate in the development of metabolic changes, such as changes in energy balance and intestinal microbiota, and the development of some comorbidities, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias, arterial hypertension, liver disease, cancer, allergies, osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obstructive sleep apnea. Thus, it is necessary to treat and/or prevent pathology, using traditional methods based on healthy eating, and regular physical and leisure activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Barakat
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Rio Paranaíba Campus, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Martha E F Almeida
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Rio Paranaíba Campus, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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253
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Zhuang T, Li W, Yang L, Wang Z, Ding L, Zhou M. Gut Microbiota: Novel Therapeutic Target of Ginsenosides for the Treatment of Obesity and Its Complications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:731288. [PMID: 34512356 PMCID: PMC8429618 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.731288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, generally characterized by excessive lipid accumulation, is a metabolic threat worldwide due to its rapid growth in global prevalence. Ginsenosides are crucial components derived from natural plants that can confer metabolic benefits for obese patients. Considering the low bioavailability and degradable properties of ginsenosides in vivo, it should be admitted that the mechanism of ginsenosides on anti-obesity contribution is still obscure. Recently, studies have indicated that ginsenoside intervention has beneficial metabolic effects on obesity and its complications because it allows for the correction of gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulates the secretion of related endogenous metabolites. In this review, we summarize the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenetic process of obesity, and explore the mechanism of ginsenosides for ameliorating obesity, which can modulate the composition of gut microbiota by improving the metabolism of intestinal endogenous substances and alleviating the level of inflammation. Ginsenosides are expected to become a promising anti-obesity medical intervention in the foreseeable clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxi Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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254
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Yang X, Zhang X, Yang W, Yu H, He Q, Xu H, Li S, Shang Z, Gao X, Wang Y, Tong Q. Gut Microbiota in Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Induced Cardiovascular Disease: Role as a Metabolic Organ. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749125. [PMID: 34552566 PMCID: PMC8450894 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has emerged as a key regulator of host metabolism. Accumulating evidence has indicated that the gut microbiota is involved in the development of various human diseases. This association relies on the structure and metabolites of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota metabolizes the diet ingested by the host into a series of metabolites, including short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, and branched-chain amino acids, which affects the physiological processes of the host by activating numerous signaling pathways. In this review, we first summarize the various mechanisms through which the gut microbiota influences adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic processes that subsequently cause cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the complex interactions between gut microbes, their metabolites, and the metabolic activity of the host. Furthermore, we investigated the current status of clinical therapies for adipose tissue dysfunction directed at the gut microbiota. Finally, we discuss the challenges that remain to be addressed before this field of research can be translated to everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zi'ao Shang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Marushchak M, Krynytska I. Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Gene and Glucose Metabolism Characteristics in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Comorbidities. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:1001-1010. [PMID: 35221617 PMCID: PMC8843138 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i5.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants that affect insulin signaling play an important role in insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to evaluate changes of the glycemic profile and IR in T2DM with comorbid obesity and chronic pancreatitis (CP) considering the allele status of the IRS1 gene (rs2943640). METHODS The study involved 33 type-2 diabetic patients and 10 healthy individuals. The IRS-1 gene rs2943640 C>A polymorphism was genotyped using the TaqMan real-time PCR method. RESULTS In type 2 diabetic patients regardless of the presence/absence of comorbid obesity and CP glycemic profile parameters significantly did not differ between carriers of allele C or allele A of the IRS1 gene (rs2943640). At the same time significantly higher HOMA-IR (by 2.25 times) was established in carriers of the C allele. In type 2 diabetic patients with both comorbidities (carriers of the C allele) the maximum HOMA-IR was established, which significantly differed from the data of patients with only T2DM and patients with comorbid obesity. In carriers of the A allele significantly higher level of HOMA-IR was found in patients with comorbid obesity and CP vs patients with only T2DM, and also in patients with comorbid obesity vs patients with only T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Presence of the C allele of the IRS1 gene (rs2943640) may indicate risk of high IR in type 2 diabetic patients regardless of the presence/absence of comorbid obesity and CP; here with CP is a more important factor in IR progression then obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Marushchak
- Department of Functional and Laboratory Diagnostics, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Inna Krynytska
- Department of Functional and Laboratory Diagnostics, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maydan Voli, 1, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
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256
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Moholdt T, Parr EB, Devlin BL, Debik J, Giskeødegård G, Hawley JA. The effect of morning vs evening exercise training on glycaemic control and serum metabolites in overweight/obese men: a randomised trial. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2061-2076. [PMID: 34009435 PMCID: PMC8382617 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We determined whether the time of day of exercise training (morning vs evening) would modulate the effects of consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) on glycaemic control, whole-body health markers and serum metabolomics. METHODS In this three-armed parallel-group randomised trial undertaken at a university in Melbourne, Australia, overweight/obese men consumed an HFD (65% of energy from fat) for 11 consecutive days. Participants were recruited via social media and community advertisements. Eligibility criteria for participation were male sex, age 30-45 years, BMI 27.0-35.0 kg/m2 and sedentary lifestyle. The main exclusion criteria were known CVD or type 2 diabetes, taking prescription medications, and shift-work. After 5 days, participants were allocated using a computer random generator to either exercise in the morning (06:30 hours), exercise in the evening (18:30 hours) or no exercise for the subsequent 5 days. Participants and researchers were not blinded to group assignment. Changes in serum metabolites, circulating lipids, cardiorespiratory fitness, BP, and glycaemic control (from continuous glucose monitoring) were compared between groups. RESULTS Twenty-five participants were randomised (morning exercise n = 9; evening exercise n = 8; no exercise n = 8) and 24 participants completed the study and were included in analyses (n = 8 per group). Five days of HFD induced marked perturbations in serum metabolites related to lipid and amino acid metabolism. Exercise training had a smaller impact than the HFD on changes in circulating metabolites, and only exercise undertaken in the evening was able to partly reverse some of the HFD-induced changes in metabolomic profiles. Twenty-four-hour glucose concentrations were lower after 5 days of HFD compared with the participants' habitual diet (5.3 ± 0.4 vs 5.6 ± 0.4 mmol/l, p = 0.001). There were no significant changes in 24 h glucose concentrations for either exercise group but lower nocturnal glucose levels were observed in participants who trained in the evening, compared with when they consumed the HFD alone (4.9 ± 0.4 vs 5.3 ± 0.3 mmol/l, p = 0.04). Compared with the no-exercise group, peak oxygen uptake improved after both morning (estimated effect 1.3 ml min-1 kg-1 [95% CI 0.5, 2.0], p = 0.003) and evening exercise (estimated effect 1.4 ml min-1 kg-1 [95% CI 0.6, 2.2], p = 0.001). Fasting blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triacylglycerol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations decreased only in participants allocated to evening exercise training. There were no unintended or adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION A short-term HFD in overweight/obese men induced substantial alterations in lipid- and amino acid-related serum metabolites. Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness were similar regardless of the time of day of exercise training. However, improvements in glycaemic control and partial reversal of HFD-induced changes in metabolic profiles were only observed when participants exercise trained in the evening. TRIAL REGISTRATION anzctr.org.au registration no. ACTRN12617000304336. FUNDING This study was funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14OC0011493).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Women's Clinic, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Evelyn B Parr
- Exercise & Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Brooke L Devlin
- Exercise & Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia Debik
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro Giskeødegård
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise & Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
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257
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Identification of markers that distinguish adipose tissue and glucose and insulin metabolism using a multi-modal machine learning approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17050. [PMID: 34426590 PMCID: PMC8382765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of metabolomics has improved our knowledge of the biology behind type 2 diabetes and its related metabolic physiology. We aimed to investigate markers of adipose tissue morphology, as well as insulin and glucose metabolism in 53 non-obese male individuals. The participants underwent extensive clinical, biochemical and magnetic resonance imaging phenotyping, and we also investigated non-targeted serum metabolites. We used a multi-modal machine learning approach to evaluate which serum metabolomic compounds predicted markers of glucose and insulin metabolism, adipose tissue morphology and distribution. Fasting glucose was associated with metabolites of intracellular insulin action and beta-cell dysfunction, namely cysteine-s-sulphate and n-acetylgarginine, whereas fasting insulin was predicted by myristoleoylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine and other metabolites of beta-oxidation of fatty acids. OGTT-glucose levels at 30 min were predicted by 7-Hoca, a microbiota derived metabolite, as well as eugenol, a fatty acid. Both insulin clamp and HOMA-IR were predicted by metabolites involved in beta-oxidation of fatty acids and biodegradation of triacylglycerol, namely tartrate and 3-phosphoglycerate, as well as pyruvate, xanthine and liver fat. OGTT glucose area under curve (AUC) and OGTT insulin AUC, was associated with bile acid metabolites, subcutaneous adipocyte cell size, liver fat and fatty chain acids and derivates, such as isovalerylcarnitine. Finally, subcutaneous adipocyte size was associated with long chain fatty acids, markers of sphingolipid metabolism, increasing liver fat and dopamine-sulfate 1. Ectopic liver fat was predicted by methylmalonate, adipocyte cell size, glutathione derived metabolites and fatty chain acids. Ectopic heart fat was predicted visceral fat, gamma-glutamyl tyrosine and 2-acetamidophenol sulfate. Adipocyte cell size, age, alpha-tocopherol and blood pressure were associated with visceral fat. We identified several biomarkers associated with adipose tissue pathophysiology and insulin and glucose metabolism using a multi-modal machine learning approach. Our approach demonstrated the relative importance of serum metabolites and they outperformed traditional clinical and biochemical variables for most endpoints.
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258
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Lépine G, Fouillet H, Rémond D, Huneau JF, Mariotti F, Polakof S. A Scoping Review: Metabolomics Signatures Associated with Animal and Plant Protein Intake and Their Potential Relation with Cardiometabolic Risk. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2112-2131. [PMID: 34229350 PMCID: PMC8634484 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary shift from animal protein (AP) to plant protein (PP) sources is encouraged for both environmental and health reasons. For instance, PPs are associated with lower cardiovascular and diabetes risks compared with APs, although the underlying mechanisms mostly remain unknown. Metabolomics is a valuable tool for globally and mechanistically characterizing the impact of AP and PP intake, given its unique ability to provide integrated signatures and specific biomarkers of metabolic effects through a comprehensive snapshot of metabolic status. This scoping review is aimed at gathering and analyzing the available metabolomics data associated with PP- and AP-rich diets, and discusses the metabolic effects underlying these metabolomics signatures and their potential implication for cardiometabolic health. We selected 24 human studies comparing the urine, plasma, or serum metabolomes associated with diets with contrasted AP and PP intakes. Among the 439 metabolites reported in those studies as able to discriminate AP- and PP-rich diets, 46 were considered to provide a robust level of evidence, according to a scoring system, especially amino acids (AAs) and AA-related products. Branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids (AAAs), glutamate, short-chain acylcarnitines, and trimethylamine-N-oxide, which are known to be related to an increased cardiometabolic risk, were associated with AP-rich diets, whereas glycine (rather related to a reduced risk) was associated with PP-rich diets. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and products from gut microbiota AAA degradation were also often reported, but the direction of their associations differed across studies. Overall, AP- and PP-rich diets result in different metabolomics signatures, with several metabolites being plausible candidates to explain some of their differential associations with cardiometabolic risk. Additional studies specifically focusing on protein type, with rigorous intake control, are needed to better characterize the associated metabolic phenotypes and understand how they could mediate differential AP and PP effects on cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaïa Lépine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
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Tello-Flores VA, Beltrán-Anaya FO, Ramírez-Vargas MA, Esteban-Casales BE, Navarro-Tito N, Alarcón-Romero LDC, Luciano-Villa CA, Ramírez M, del Moral-Hernández Ó, Flores-Alfaro E. Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs and the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7256. [PMID: 34298896 PMCID: PMC8306787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are single-stranded RNA biomolecules with a length of >200 nt, and they are currently considered to be master regulators of many pathological processes. Recent publications have shown that lncRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of insulin resistance (IR) and glucose homeostasis by regulating inflammatory and lipogenic processes. lncRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to other non-coding RNAs, mRNAs, proteins, and DNA. In recent years, several mechanisms have been reported to explain the key roles of lncRNAs in the development of IR, including metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), imprinted maternal-ly expressed transcript (H19), maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT), and steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA), HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), and downregulated Expression-Related Hexose/Glucose Transport Enhancer (DREH). LncRNAs participate in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the inflammatory process, and oxidative stress through different pathways, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1/element-binding transcription factor 1c (PTBP1/SREBP-1c), AKT/nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), AKT/forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)/c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNK). On the other hand, the mechanisms linked to the molecular, cellular, and biochemical actions of lncRNAs vary according to the tissue, biological species, and the severity of IR. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the role of lncRNAs in the insulin signaling pathway and glucose and lipid metabolism. This review analyzes the function and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs involved in the development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianet Argelia Tello-Flores
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico; (V.A.T.-F.); (F.O.B.-A.); (M.A.R.-V.); (B.E.E.-C.); (C.A.L.-V.)
| | - Fredy Omar Beltrán-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico; (V.A.T.-F.); (F.O.B.-A.); (M.A.R.-V.); (B.E.E.-C.); (C.A.L.-V.)
| | - Marco Antonio Ramírez-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico; (V.A.T.-F.); (F.O.B.-A.); (M.A.R.-V.); (B.E.E.-C.); (C.A.L.-V.)
| | - Brenda Ely Esteban-Casales
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico; (V.A.T.-F.); (F.O.B.-A.); (M.A.R.-V.); (B.E.E.-C.); (C.A.L.-V.)
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico;
| | - Luz del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratorio de Citopatología e Histoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico;
| | - Carlos Aldair Luciano-Villa
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico; (V.A.T.-F.); (F.O.B.-A.); (M.A.R.-V.); (B.E.E.-C.); (C.A.L.-V.)
| | - Mónica Ramírez
- CONACyT, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico;
| | - Óscar del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39087, GRO, Mexico; (V.A.T.-F.); (F.O.B.-A.); (M.A.R.-V.); (B.E.E.-C.); (C.A.L.-V.)
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Nerve influence on the metabolism of type I and type II diabetic corneal stroma: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13627. [PMID: 34211074 PMCID: PMC8249404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal innervation plays a major role in the pathobiology of diabetic corneal disease. However, innervation impact has mainly been investigated in the context of diabetic epitheliopathy and wound healing. Further studies are warranted in the corneal stroma-nerve interactions. This study unravels the nerve influence on corneal stroma metabolism. Corneal stromal cells were isolated from healthy (HCFs) and diabetes mellitus (Type1DM and Type2 DM) donors. Cells were cultured on polycarbonate membranes, stimulated by stable Vitamin C, and stroma-only and stroma-nerve co-cultures were investigated for metabolic alterations. Innervated compared to stroma-only constructs exhibited significant alterations in pyrimidine, glycerol phosphate shuttle, electron transport chain and glycolysis. The most highly altered metabolites between healthy and T1DMs innervated were phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis, and pyrimidine, methionine, aspartate metabolism. Healthy and T2DMs main pathways included aspartate, glycerol phosphate shuttle, electron transport chain, and gluconeogenesis. The metabolic impact on T1DMs and T2DMs was pyrimidine, purine, aspartate, and methionine. Interestingly, the glucose-6-phosphate and oxaloacetate was higher in T2DMs compared to T1DMs. Our in vitro co-culture model allows the examination of key metabolic pathways corresponding to corneal innervation in the diabetic stroma. These novel findings can pave the way for future studies to fully understand the metabolic distinctions in the diabetic cornea.
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261
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Wang W, van Dijk KW, Wijsman CA, Rozing MP, Mooijaart SP, Beekman M, Slagboom PE, Jukema JW, Noordam R, van Heemst D. Differential insulin sensitivity of NMR-based metabolomic measures in a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp study. Metabolomics 2021; 17:57. [PMID: 34106350 PMCID: PMC8190027 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01806-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin is the key regulator of glucose metabolism, but it is difficult to dissect direct insulin from glucose-induced effects. We aimed to investigate the effects of hyperinsulemia on metabolomic measures under euglycemic conditions in nondiabetic participants. METHODS We assessed concentrations of 151 metabolomic measures throughout a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp procedure. We included 24 participants (50% women, mean age = 62 [s.d. = 4.2] years) and metabolomic measures were assessed under baseline, low-dose (10 mU/m2/min) and high-dose (40 mU/m2/min) insulin conditions. The effects of low- and high-dose insulin infusion on metabolomic measures were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models for repeated measures. RESULTS After low-dose insulin infusion, 90 metabolomic measures changed in concentration (p < 1.34e-4), among which glycerol (beta [Confidence Interval] = - 1.41 [- 1.54, - 1.27] s.d., p = 1.28e-95) and three-hydroxybutyrate (- 1.22 [- 1.36, - 1.07] s.d., p = 1.44e-61) showed largest effect sizes. After high-dose insulin infusion, 121 metabolomic measures changed in concentration, among which branched-chain amino acids showed the largest additional decrease compared with low-dose insulin infusion (e.g., Leucine, - 1.78 [- 1.88, - 1.69] s.d., P = 2.7e-295). More specifically, after low- and high-dose insulin infusion, the distribution of the lipoproteins shifted towards more LDL-sized particles with decreased mean diameters. CONCLUSION Metabolomic measures are differentially insulin sensitive and may thus be differentially affected by the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, our data suggests insulin directly affects metabolomic measures previously associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A Wijsman
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P Rozing
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon P Mooijaart
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Biology on Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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262
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McCullough D, Webb R, Enright KJ, Lane KE, McVeigh J, Stewart CE, Davies IG. How the love of muscle can break a heart: Impact of anabolic androgenic steroids on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, metabolic and cardiovascular health. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:389-405. [PMID: 33269425 PMCID: PMC8087567 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated 6.4% of males and 1.6% of females globally use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), mostly for appearance and performance enhancing reasons. In combination with resistance exercise, AAS use increases muscle protein synthesis resulting in skeletal muscle hypertrophy and increased performance. Primarily through binding to the androgen receptor, AAS exert their hypertrophic effects via genomic, non-genomic and anti-catabolic mechanisms. However, chronic AAS use also has a detrimental effect on metabolism ultimately increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Much research has focused on AAS effects on blood lipids and lipoproteins, with abnormal concentrations of these associated with insulin resistance, hypertension and increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This clustering of interconnected abnormalities is often referred as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore the impact of AAS use on mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and markers of MetS. AAS use markedly decreases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Chronic AAS use also appears to cause higher fasting insulin levels and impaired glucose tolerance and possibly higher levels of VAT; however, research is currently lacking on the effects of AAS use on glucose metabolism. While cessation of AAS use can restore normal lipid levels, it may lead to withdrawal symptoms such as depression and hypogonadism that can increase CVD risk. Research is currently lacking on effective treatments for withdrawal symptoms and further long-term research is warranted on the effects of AAS use on metabolic health in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deaglan McCullough
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Richard Webb
- Faculty of Science, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin J Enright
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie E Lane
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jim McVeigh
- Substance Use and Associated Behaviours Group, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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263
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Le Couteur DG, Handelsman DJ, Stanaway F, Waite LM, Blyth FM, Naganathan V, Cumming RG, Hirani V. Sarcopenic Obesity and Amino Acids: Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1000-1004. [PMID: 33709116 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although characteristic changes in amino acid concentrations occur in obesity and sarcopenia, amino acids concentrations have not been reported in sarcopenic obesity. We studied n = 831 men aged 75 years and older from the 5-year follow-up of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Sarcopenia was defined using the Foundation of the National Institutes of Health criteria and obesity was defined as >30% fat mass. There were 31 men (3.7%) who had sarcopenic obesity. Branched chain amino acids were elevated in the obese (but not sarcopenic) group (n = 348) but reduced in both the sarcopenic (but not obese) (n = 44) and the sarcopenic obese groups. Apart from this, most of the amino acid concentrations were between those for the obese and the sarcopenic groups. Yet despite low concentrations of branched chain amino acids, the sarcopenic obese group had indications of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus (fasting glucose and insulin concentrations, homeostatic model assessment, and percentage of participants taking diabetes medications) that were similar to the obese group. In summary, sarcopenic obese participants did not have a unique amino acid signature. In obesity, elevated branched chain amino acids are not a prerequisite for insulin resistance and diabetes if obesity is associated with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Le Couteur
- Centre of Education and Research on Ageing, Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona Stanaway
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- Centre of Education and Research on Ageing, Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre of Education and Research on Ageing, Ageing and Alzheimers Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Concord Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert G Cumming
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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264
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Tsokanos FF, Muley C, Khani S, Hass D, Fleming T, Wolff G, Bartelt A, Nawroth P, Herzig S. Methylglyoxal Drives a Distinct, Nonclassical Macrophage Activation Status. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121:1464-1475. [PMID: 33966256 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic complications in diabetic patients are driven by a combination of increased levels of nutrients and the presence of a proinflammatory environment. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a toxic byproduct of catabolism and has been strongly associated with the development of such complications. Macrophages are key mediators of inflammatory processes and their contribution to the development of metabolic complications has been demonstrated. However, a direct link between reactive metabolites and macrophage activation has not been demonstrated yet. Here, we show that acute MG treatment activated components of the p38 MAPK pathway and enhanced glycolysis in primary murine macrophages. MG induced a distinct gene expression profile sharing similarities with classically activated proinflammatory macrophages as well as metabolically activated macrophages usually found in obese patients. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a set of 15 surface markers specifically upregulated in MG-treated macrophages, thereby establishing a new set of targets for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes under high MG conditions, including diabetes. Overall, our study defines a new polarization state of macrophages that may specifically link aberrant macrophage activation to reactive metabolites in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foivos-Filippos Tsokanos
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Transnational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Muley
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Transnational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sajjad Khani
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Transnational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Hass
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Transnational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Transnational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gretchen Wolff
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Transnational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Transnational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Transnational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany
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265
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Costa Dos Santos G, Renovato-Martins M, de Brito NM. The remodel of the "central dogma": a metabolomics interaction perspective. Metabolomics 2021; 17:48. [PMID: 33969452 PMCID: PMC8106972 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1957, Francis Crick drew a linear diagram on a blackboard. This diagram is often called the "central dogma." Subsequently, the relationships between different steps of the "central dogma" have been shown to be considerably complex, mostly because of the emerging world of small molecules. It is noteworthy that metabolites can be generated from the diet through gut microbiome metabolism, serve as substrates for epigenetic modifications, destabilize DNA quadruplexes, and follow Lamarckian inheritance. Small molecules were once considered the missing link in the "central dogma"; however, recently they have acquired a central role, and their general perception as downstream products has become reductionist. Metabolomics is a large-scale analysis of metabolites, and this emerging field has been shown to be the closest omics associated with the phenotype and concomitantly, the basis for all omics. AIM OF REVIEW Herein, we propose a broad updated perspective for the flux of information diagram centered in metabolomics, including the influence of other factors, such as epigenomics, diet, nutrition, and the gut- microbiome. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Metabolites are the beginning and the end of the flux of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilson Costa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of NMR Metabolomics, IBRAG, Department of Genetics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Renovato-Martins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, IB, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24210-200, Brazil
| | - Natália Mesquita de Brito
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, IBRAG, Department of Cell Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil.
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266
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Sahin K, Kucuk O, Orhan C, Erten F, Sahin N, Komorowski JR. Effects of supplementing different chromium histidinate complexes on glucose and lipid metabolism and related protein expressions in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 65:126723. [PMID: 33508549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different chromium histidinate (CrHis) complexes added to the diet of rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) on body weight changes, glucose and lipid metabolism parameters, and changes in biomarkers such as PPAR-γ, IRS-1, GLUTs, and NF-κB proteins. METHODS Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into six groups and fed either a control, an HFD, or an HFD supplemented with either CrHis1, CrHis2, CrHis3, or a combination of the CrHis complexes as CrHisM. RESULTS Feeding an HFD to rats increased body weights, HOMA-IR values, fasting serum glucose, insulin, leptin, free fatty acid, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and MDA concentrations as well as AST activities, and decreased serum and brain serotonin concentrations compared with rats fed a control diet (P < 0.0001). The levels of the PPAR-γ, IRS-1, and GLUTs in the liver and brain decreased, while NF-κB level increased, with feeding an HFD (P < 0.05). Although all the CrHis supplements reversed the negative effects of feeding an HFD (P < 0.05), the CrHis1 complex was most effective in changing the protein levels, while CrHisM was most effective in influencing certain parameters such as body weight and serum metabolites. CONCLUSION The results of the present work suggest that the CrHis1 complex is most potent for alleviating the negative effects of feeding an HFD. The efficacy of CrHisM is likely due to the presence of the CrHis1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Osman Kucuk
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fusun Erten
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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267
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) continues to be a serious public health challenge despite significant advancements in therapeutics and is often complicated by multiple other comorbidities. Of particular concern is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which not only amplifies the risk, but also limits the treatment options available to patients. The sodium-glucose linked cotransporter subtype 2 (SGLT2)-inhibitor class, which was initially developed as a treatment for T2DM, has shown great promise in reducing cardiovascular risk, particularly around HF outcomes - regardless of diabetes status.There are ongoing efforts to elucidate the true mechanism of action of this novel drug class. Its primary mechanism of inducing glycosuria and diuresis from receptor blockade in the renal nephron seems unlikely to be responsible for the rapid and striking benefits seen in clinical trials. Early mechanistic work around conventional therapeutic targets seem to be inconclusive. There are some emerging theories around its effect on myocardial energetics and calcium balance as well as on renal physiology. In this review, we discuss some of the cutting-edge hypotheses and concepts currently being explored around this drug class in an attempt better understand the molecular mechanics of this novel agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Fathi
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia and Critical Care, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London, UK
| | - Keeran Vickneson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jagdeep S Singh
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, The Edinburgh Heart Center, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK.
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268
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Trott DW, Islam MT, Buckley DJ, Donato AJ, Dutson T, Sorensen ES, Cai J, Gogulamudi VR, Phuong TTT, Lesniewski LA. T lymphocyte depletion ameliorates age-related metabolic impairments in mice. GeroScience 2021; 43:1331-1347. [PMID: 33893902 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both glucose tolerance and adaptive immune function exhibit significant age-related alterations. The influence of the immune system on obesity-associated glucose intolerance is well characterized; however, whether the immune system contributes to age-related glucose intolerance is not as well understood. Here, we report that advancing age results in an increase in T cell infiltration in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), liver, and skeletal muscle. Subtype analyses show that both CD4+, CD8+ T cells are greater with advancing age in each of these tissues and that aging results in a blunted CD4 to CD8 ratio. Anti-CD3 F(ab')2 fragments depleted CD4+ and CD8+ cells in eWAT, CD4+ cells only in the liver, and did not deplete quadriceps T cells. In old mice, T cells producing both interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α are accumulated in the eWAT and liver, and a greater proportion of skeletal muscle T cells produced interferon-γ. Aging resulted in increased proportion and numbers of T regulatory cells in eWAT, but not in the liver or muscle. Aging also resulted in greater numbers of eWAT and quadriceps CD206- macrophages and eWAT, liver and quadriceps B cells; neither cell type was altered by anti-CD3 treatment. Anti-CD3 treatment improved glucose tolerance in old mice and was accompanied by improved signaling related to liver and skeletal muscle insulin utilization and decreased gluconeogenesis-related gene expression in the liver. Our findings indicate a critical role of the adaptive immune system in the age-related metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Trott
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Md Torikul Islam
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David J Buckley
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, GRECC Bldg 2 Rm 2D08, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tavia Dutson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eric S Sorensen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jinjin Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Tam T T Phuong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A Lesniewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, GRECC Bldg 2 Rm 2D08, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA.
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269
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Wu L, Fang C, Zhang J, Ye Y, Zhao H. The Association between Maternal/Fetal Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Gene Polymorphism rs1801278 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Population. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2021; 86:177-184. [PMID: 33895751 DOI: 10.1159/000514971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is a crucial factor in the insulin signaling pathway. IRS1 gene polymorphism rs1801278 in mothers has been reported to be associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, it is not clear whether IRS1 gene polymorphism rs1801278 in fetuses is associated with their mothers' GDM morbidity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between maternal, fetal, or maternal/fetal IRS1 gene polymorphism rs1801278 and GDM risk. DESIGN The study was a single-center, prospective cohort study. In total, 213 pairs of GDM mothers/fetuses and 191 pairs of control mothers/fetuses were included in this study. They were recruited after they underwent oral glucose tolerance test during 24-28 weeks of gestation and followed up until delivery. All participants received the conventional interventions (diet and exercise), and no special therapy except routine treatment. METHODS A total of 213 pairs of GDM mothers/fetuses and 191 pairs of normal blood glucose pregnant mothers/fetuses were ge-notyped using PCR and DNA sequencing from January 2015 to September 2016. Maternal/fetal IRS1 gene polymorphism rs1801278 was analyzed and compared between 2 groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the frequency of individual mothers' or fetuses' IRS1 rs1801278 polymorphisms between 2 groups; if both the mothers and fetuses carried A allele, significantly lower GDM morbidity was observed in the mothers. LIMITATIONS The sample size was relatively small as a single-center study. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that maternal/fetal rs1801278 polymorphism of IRS1 is a modulating factor in GDM; both mothers/fetuses carrying the A allele of rs1801278 may protect the mothers against the development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changping Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanchou Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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270
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Luvuno M, Khathi A, Mabandla MV. Diet-induced prediabetes: effects of exercise treatment on risk factors for cardiovascular complications. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:45. [PMID: 33888141 PMCID: PMC8061036 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An animal model of prediabetes that has been developed in our laboratory using a high fat high carbohydrate diet and lack of physical activity displays risk factors for cardiovascular complications. The effect of exercise against these risk factors in this animal model remains unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of intermittent and regular exercise treatment on the risk factors for cardiovascular complications in this animal model of prediabetes. METHODS Following prediabetes induction, animals were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 6): non-diabetic, prediabetic, intermittently exercising prediabetic and regularly exercising prediabetic. Exercise exposure was 7 weeks long. Body weight changes, caloric intake, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentration was measured after 20 and 29 weeks while blood pressure was only measured after 29 weeks. Plasma endothelial nitric oxide synthase, malonaldehyde, glutathione peroxidase, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein concentration from the heart were measured 2 weeks post-exercise termination (week 30). RESULTS We found increased body weight, caloric intake and mean arterial pressure in the prediabetic group by comparison to the non-prediabetic group. The same trend was observed in blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations. However, all of these parameters were reduced in the intermittently exercising prediabetic and regularly exercising prediabetic groups. This reduction was further accompanied by a decrease in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein concentration with improved oxidative stress biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS The progression of pre-diabetes to diabetes is slowed or possibly stopped by exercise (regular or intermittent). Additionally, biomarker profiles indicative of cardiovascular disease in pre-diabetics are improved by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mluleki Luvuno
- Schools of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Andile Khathi
- Schools of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Musa V Mabandla
- Schools of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
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271
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Cross-sectional investigation of insulin resistance in youths with autism spectrum disorder. Any role for reduced brain glucose metabolism? Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:229. [PMID: 33879765 PMCID: PMC8058067 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an etiologically heterogeneous disorder. Dysfunctions of the intermediate metabolism have been described in some patients. We speculate these metabolic abnormalities are associated with brain insulin resistance (IR), i.e., the reduced glucose metabolism at the level of the nervous central system. The Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is very often used in population studies as estimate of peripheral IR and it has been recently recognized as proxy of brain IR. We investigated HOMA-IR in 60 ASD patients aged 4-18 years and 240 healthy controls, also aged 4-18 years, but unmatched for age, sex, body weight, or body mass index (BMI). At multivariable linear regression model, the HOMA-IR was 0.31 unit higher in ASD individuals than in controls, after having adjusted for sex, age, BMI z-score category, and lipids that are factors known to influence HOMA-IR. Findings of this preliminary study suggest it is worth investigating brain glucose metabolism in larger population of patients with ASD by using gold standard technique. The recognition of a reduced glucose metabolism in some areas of the brain as marker of autism might have tremendous impact on our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and in terms of public health.
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272
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Abstract
On this 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin, we recognize the critical role that adipocytes, which are exquisitely responsive to insulin, have played in determining the mechanisms for insulin action at the cellular level. Our understanding of adipose tissue biology has evolved greatly, and it is now clear that adipocytes are far more complicated than simple storage depots for fat. A growing body of evidence documents how adipocytes, in response to insulin, contribute to the control of whole-body nutrient homeostasis. These advances highlight adipocyte plasticity, heterogeneity, and endocrine function, unique features that connect adipocyte metabolism to the regulation of other tissues important for metabolic homeostasis (e.g., liver, muscle, pancreas).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Santoro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy E McGraw
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Barbara B Kahn
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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273
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Zhang ZM, Chen MJ, Zou JF, Jiang S, Shang EX, Qian DW, Duan JA. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS based fecal metabolomics reveals the potential anti-diabetic effect of Xiexin Decoction on T2DM rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1173:122683. [PMID: 33857887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Xiexin Decoction (XXD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription composed of Rhei rhizome (RR), Scutellaria radix (SR) and Coptidis rhizome (CR), has been used to cure diabetes in clinical practices for thousands of years, but its mechanism is not clear. Our previous study indicated that XXD could significantly ameliorate the symptom of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats by shifting the composition of gut microbiota. However, the effect of XXD on the metabolic activity of gut microbiota is not clarified. In this study, the underlying mechanism of XXD on the amelioration of T2DM was explored by fecal metabolic profiling analysis based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The disordered metabolic profiles in T2DM rats were notably improved by XXD. Ten potential biomarkers, which were mainly involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, were identified. Furthermore, these metabolites were closely related to SCFAs-producing and anti-inflammatory gut microflora. After XXD intervention, these biomarkers restored to the normal level at some extent. This study not only revealed potential biomarkers and related pathways in T2DM rats affected by XXD, but also provided a novel insight to uncover how traditional herb medicines worked from fecal metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Miao Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Meng-Jun Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jun-Feng Zou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Er-Xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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274
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Zhihao L, Jingyu N, Lan L, Michael S, Rui G, Xiyun B, Xiaozhi L, Guanwei F. SERCA2a: a key protein in the Ca 2+ cycle of the heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 25:523-535. [PMID: 31701344 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) cycle plays a crucial role in the contraction and relaxation of cardiomyocytes. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) acts as an organelle for storing Ca2+, which mediated the release and re-uptake of Ca2+ during contraction and relaxation. Disorders of SR function lead to the dysfunction of Ca2+ cycle and myocardial cell function. The sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) acts as a subtype of SERCA expressed in the heart, which mediates the contraction of cardiomyocytes and Ca2+ in the cytoplasm to re-enter into the SR. The rate of uptake of Ca2+ by the SR determines the rate of myocardial relaxation. The regulation of SERCA2a activity controls the contractility and relaxation of the heart, affecting cardiac function. The expression and activity of SERCA2a are reduced in failing hearts. Gene therapy by increasing the expression of SERCA2a in the heart has been proven effective. In addition, SERCA2a is regulated by a variety of factors, including transmembrane micropeptides, protein kinases, and post-translational modifications (PTMs). In this review, we discuss the regulatory factors of SERCA2a and provide new insights into future treatments and the direction of heart failure research. In addition, gene therapy for SERCA2a has recently emerged as therapeutic option and hence will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zhihao
- Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Number 314 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Jingyu
- Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Number 314 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lan
- Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Number 314 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Sarhene Michael
- Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Number 314 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Rui
- Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Number 314 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Bian Xiyun
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300450, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Xiaozhi
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, 300450, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Guanwei
- Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Number 314 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300193, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
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275
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NAFLD, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 2021:6613827. [PMID: 33681089 PMCID: PMC7904371 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a condition defined by fat accumulation in hepatocytes not promoted by excessive alcohol consumption. It is highly prevalent and is strongly associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes type II. Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of this condition leading to accumulation of free fatty acids in the liver cells, thus causing lipotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this review, we will focus on currently known pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Numerous investigation strategies are available to establish the diagnosis, from biochemical markers and ultrasound to various molecular and advanced imaging techniques and liver biopsy. Prevention is crucial. However, effective and promising therapies are strongly demanded.
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276
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Li C, Ou R, Wei Q, Shang H. Shared genetic links between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and obesity-related traits: a genome-wide association study. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 102:211.e1-211.e9. [PMID: 33640203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested comorbidities between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and obesity-related traits. However, little is known about their shared genetic architecture. To examine whether genetic enrichment exists between ALS and obesity-related traits and to identify shared risk loci, we analyzed summary statistics from genome-wide association studies using the conditional false discovery rate statistical framework, and further conducted functional enrichment analysis. Robust genetic enrichment was observed for ALS conditional on body mass index, body fat percentage, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes. Nine shared genetic loci were identified, among which 6 were replicated in a second ALS cohort, including C9orf72, G2E3, SCFD1, ATXN3, CLCN3 and GGNBP2. We further identified GGNBP2 as a novel ALS risk gene, by integrating summary data-based Mendelian randomization analysis. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the shared risk genes were involved in 2 pathways, namely membrane trafficking and vesicle-mediated transport. These results provide a better understanding for the pleiotropy of ALS and have implications for future therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Qianqian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China.
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277
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Early pregnancy metabolites predict gestational diabetes mellitus: implications for fetal programming. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224:215.e1-215.e7. [PMID: 32739399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant fetal programming in gestational diabetes mellitus seems to increase the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The inability to accurately identify gestational diabetes mellitus in the first trimester of pregnancy has thwarted ascertaining whether early therapeutic interventions reduce the predisposition to these prevalent medical disorders. OBJECTIVE A metabolomics study was conducted to determine whether advanced analytical methods could identify accurate predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN This nested observational case-control study was composed of 92 gravidas (46 in the gestational diabetes mellitus group and 46 in the control group) in early pregnancy, who were matched by maternal age, body mass index, and gestational age at urine collection. Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to community standards. A comprehensive metabolomics platform measured 626 endogenous metabolites in randomly collected urine. Consensus multivariate criteria or the most important by 1 method identified low-molecular weight metabolites independently associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, and a classification tree selected a subset most predictive of gestational diabetes mellitus. RESULTS Urine for both groups was collected at a mean gestational age of 12 weeks (range, 6-19 weeks' gestation). Consensus multivariate analysis identified 11 metabolites independently linked to gestational diabetes mellitus. Classification tree analysis selected a 7-metabolite subset that predicted gestational diabetes mellitus with an accuracy of 96.7%, independent of maternal age, body mass index, and time of urine collection. CONCLUSION Validation of this high-accuracy model by a larger study is now needed to support future studies to determine whether therapeutic interventions in the first trimester of pregnancy for gestational diabetes mellitus reduce short- and long-term morbidity.
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278
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Xiang Z, Xie H, Tong Q, Pan J, Wan L, Fang J, Chen J. Revealing hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic mechanism of Xiaokeyinshui extract combination on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice in high sucrose/high fat diet by metabolomics and lipidomics. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111219. [PMID: 33433360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM), often accompanied by disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, has troubled hundreds of millions of people. Xiaokeyinshui extract combination (XEC), derived from traditional Chinese medicines formula, has exerted hypoglycemic effects against T2DM. However, its mechanism of metabolic level is still unclear. In this study, a T2DM mice model, induced by a high sucrose/high fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injections, was adopted. The biochemical index was determined and a combination of metabolomics and lipidomics analyses of plasma were performed. The results showed that XEC increased secretion of insulin and level of HDL-C, decreased levels of FBG, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C and repaired islet structure in diabetic mice. In addition, the metabolic profiles of plasma were analyzed and 54 potential biomarkers were screened out, mainly including carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. These potential biomarkers were found to be correlated with the following pathways: galactose metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, TCA cycle, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. In conclusion, we speculated that carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism played roles in the therapeutic mechanisms of XEC on T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Haifei Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qilin Tong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Luosheng Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Jinbo Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Jiachun Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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279
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Pinto PR, Yoshinaga MY, Del Bianco V, Bochi AP, Ferreira GS, Pinto IFD, Rodrigues LG, Nakandakare ER, Okamoto MM, Machado UF, Miyamoto S, Catanozi S, Passarelli M. Dietary sodium restriction alters muscle lipidomics that relates to insulin resistance in mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100344. [PMID: 33524391 PMCID: PMC7949138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A low-sodium (LS) diet has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. However, severe dietary sodium restriction promotes insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia in animal models and humans. Thus, further clarification of the long-term consequences of LS is needed. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic LS on gastrocnemius gene and protein expression and lipidomics and its association with IR and plasma lipids in LDL receptor knockout mice. Three-month-old male mice were fed a normal sodium diet (NS; 0.5% Na; n = 12-19) or LS (0.06% Na; n = 14-20) over 90 days. Body mass (BM), BP, plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), glucose, hematocrit, and IR were evaluated. LS increased BM (9%), plasma TG (51%), blood glucose (19%), and IR (46%) when compared with the NS. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that genes involved in lipid uptake and oxidation were increased by the LS: Fabp3 (106%), Prkaa1 (46%), and Cpt1 (74%). Genes and proteins (assessed by Western blotting) involved in insulin signaling were not changed by the LS. Similarly, lipid species classically involved in muscle IR, such as diacylglycerols and ceramides detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, were also unchanged by LS. Species of phosphatidylcholines (68%), phosphatidylinositol (90%), and free fatty acids (59%) increased while cardiolipins (41%) and acylcarnitines (9%) decreased in gastrocnemius in response to LS and were associated with glucose disposal rate. Together these results suggest that chronic LS alters glycerophospholipid and fatty acids species in gastrocnemius that may contribute to glucose and lipid homeostasis derangements in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ramos Pinto
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Del Bianco
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Bochi
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme S Ferreira
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabella F D Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia G Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edna R Nakandakare
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maristela M Okamoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan F Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Catanozi
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa Passarelli
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil.
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280
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Gao X, Du L, Randell E, Zhang H, Li K, Li D. Effect of different phosphatidylcholines on high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:1516-1528. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02632h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically investigated the effect of different phosphatidylcholines on high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- China
- Institute of Nutrition & Health
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- School of Public Health
- Cheeloo College of Medicine
- Shandong University
- No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan
| | - Edward Randell
- Faculty of Medicine
- Memorial University
- 300 Prince Philip Drive
- St. John’s A1B3V6
- Canada
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition & Health
- College of Public Health
- Qingdao University
- No. 308 Ningxia Road
- China
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health
- College of Public Health
- Qingdao University
- No. 308 Ningxia Road
- China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health
- College of Public Health
- Qingdao University
- No. 308 Ningxia Road
- China
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281
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Norheim F, Chella Krishnan K, Bjellaas T, Vergnes L, Pan C, Parks BW, Meng Y, Lang J, Ward JA, Reue K, Mehrabian M, Gundersen TE, Péterfy M, Dalen KT, Drevon CA, Hui ST, Lusis AJ, Seldin MM. Genetic regulation of liver lipids in a mouse model of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e9684. [PMID: 33417276 PMCID: PMC7792507 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the contributions of specific lipid species to metabolic traits, we integrated global hepatic lipid data with other omics measures and genetic data from a cohort of about 100 diverse inbred strains of mice fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet for 8 weeks. Association mapping, correlation, structure analyses, and network modeling revealed pathways and genes underlying these interactions. In particular, our studies lead to the identification of Ifi203 and Map2k6 as regulators of hepatic phosphatidylcholine homeostasis and triacylglycerol accumulation, respectively. Our analyses highlight mechanisms for how genetic variation in hepatic lipidome can be linked to physiological and molecular phenotypes, such as microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Norheim
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of NutritionInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | | | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Yonghong Meng
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Jennifer Lang
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - James A Ward
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Miklós Péterfy
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Depatrment of Basic Medical SciencesWestern University of Health SciencesPomonaCAUSA
| | - Knut T Dalen
- Department of NutritionInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of NutritionInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Vitas ASOsloNorway
| | - Simon T Hui
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics and MetabolismUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCAUSA
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Zhou X, Luo M, Zhou S, Cheng Z, Chen Z, Yu X. Plasma Alarin Level and Its Influencing Factors in Obese Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:379-385. [PMID: 33536771 PMCID: PMC7850453 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s290072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the plasma alarin level in newly diagnosed obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. METHODS From October 2018 to June 2020, 239 newly diagnosed T2DM patients were collected. According to obesity, patients were divided into T2DM obese group (n=135) and T2DM non-obese group (n =104). Gender, age, body mass index (BMI), blood lipids, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), plasma alarin concentration, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-β) and other clinical data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS BMI, triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FPG), HbA1c, FINS, plasma alarin levels and HOMA-IR in the control group, T2DM non-obese group and T2DM obese group increased sequentially, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-L) and HOMA-β decreased sequentially (P<0.05). Correlation analysis results showed that plasma alarin levels in T2DM patients were positively correlated with waistline, BMI, TC, LDL-C, FPG, HbA1c, FINS and HOMA-IR (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL-C and HOMA-β (P <0.05), and the correlation coefficient of T2DM obese group was significantly higher than that of T2DM non-obese group (P<0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI, FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR were independent factors related to plasma alarin levels in T2DM non-obese and T2DM obese patients, and the correlation coefficient of the T2DM obese group was significantly higher than that of the T2DM non-obese group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Plasma alarin levels increase in newly diagnosed T2DM and obese T2DM patients, which are affected by TC, BMI, FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-β and HOMA-IR, and may be involved in development of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing400000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing400000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing400000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing400000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongpei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing400000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing400000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaoxia Yu Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing400000, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +86 2363842760 Email
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283
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Yao L, Wang Q, Zhang R, Wang X, Liu Y, Di F, Song L, Xu S. Brown Adipose Transplantation Improves Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Involved Metabolome Remodeling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:747944. [PMID: 34912296 PMCID: PMC8667175 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.747944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic disorder in reproductive-age women. In order to explore the active metabolites of brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplantation in improving the reproductive and metabolic phenotypes in a PCOS rat model, the metabolites in the recipient's BAT were explored using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. In total, 9 upregulated and 13 downregulated metabolites were identified. They were roughly categorized into 12 distinct classes, mainly including glycerophosphoinositols, glycerophosphocholines, and sphingolipids. Ingenuity pathway analysis predicted that these differentially metabolites mainly target the PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways, which are closely associated with PCOS. Furthermore, one of these differential metabolites, sphingosine belonging to sphingolipids, was randomly selected for further experiments on a human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN). It significantly accelerated the apoptosis of KGN cells induced by dihydrotestosterone. Based on these findings, we speculated that metabolome changes are an important process for BAT transplantation in improving PCOS. It might be a novel therapeutic target for PCOS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Runjie Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Di
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Song
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liwen Song, ; Siliang Xu,
| | - Siliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Liwen Song, ; Siliang Xu,
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284
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Aron-Wisnewsky J, Warmbrunn MV, Nieuwdorp M, Clément K. Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders and the Microbiome: The Intestinal Microbiota Associated With Obesity, Lipid Metabolism, and Metabolic Health-Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Strategies. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:573-599. [PMID: 33253685 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the intestinal microbiome have been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, in epidemiological studies and studies of the effects of fecal transfer in germ-free mice. We review the mechanisms by which alterations in the intestinal microbiome contribute to development of metabolic diseases, and recent advances, such as the effects of the microbiome on lipid metabolism. Strategies have been developed to modify the intestinal microbiome and reverse metabolic alterations, which might be used as therapies. We discuss approaches that have shown effects in mouse models of obesity and metabolic disorders, and how these might be translated to humans to improve metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit (Nutriomics), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Assistante Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centres de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile de France, Paris, France; Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location Academisch Medisch Centrum, and VUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Moritz V Warmbrunn
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location Academisch Medisch Centrum, and VUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location Academisch Medisch Centrum, and VUMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches Research Unit (Nutriomics), Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Assistante Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centres de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ile de France, Paris, France.
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285
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D-Mannose Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells via the miR669b/MAPK Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8866048. [PMID: 33376493 PMCID: PMC7746460 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8866048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) plays an important role in the process of obesity and host metabolism. D-Mannose shows a potential regulating function for fat tissue expansion and glucose metabolism. To explore the mechanisms through which D-mannose affects the adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in vitro, we cultured the ADSCs with adipogenic medium inducement containing D-mannose or glucose as the control. The adipogenic differentiation specific markers Pparg and Fabp4 were determined by real-time PCR. The Oil Red O staining was applied to measure the lipid accumulation. To further explore the mechanisms, microarray analysis was performed to detect the differences between glucose-treated ADSCs (G-ADSCs) and D-mannose-treated ADSCs (M-ADSCs) in the gene expression level. The microarray data were further analyzed by a Venn diagram and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). MicroRNA inhibitor transfection was used to confirm the role of key microRNA. Results. D-Mannose intervention significantly inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs, compared with the glucose intervention. Microarray showed that D-mannose increased the expression of miR669b, which was an inhibitor of adipogenesis. In addition, GSEA and western blot suggested that D-mannose suppressed the adipogenic differentiation via inhibiting the MAPK pathway and further inhibited the expression of proteins related to glucose metabolism and tumorigenesis. Conclusion. D-Mannose inhibits adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs via the miR669b/MAPK signaling pathway and may be further involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and the inhibition of tumorigenesis.
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286
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Corral-Jara KF, Cantini L, Poupin N, Ye T, Rigaudière JP, Vincent SDS, Pinel A, Morio B, Capel F. An Integrated Analysis of miRNA and Gene Expression Changes in Response to an Obesogenic Diet to Explore the Impact of Transgenerational Supplementation with Omega 3 Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3864. [PMID: 33348802 PMCID: PMC7765958 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance decreases the ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis, a key step in the development of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic alterations, fat accumulation, and fibrosis in the liver are closely related and contribute to the progression of comorbidities, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or cancer. Omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were identified as potent positive regulators of insulin sensitivity in vitro and in animal models. In the current study, we explored the effects of a transgenerational supplementation with EPA in mice exposed to an obesogenic diet on the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and gene expression in the liver using high-throughput techniques. We implemented a comprehensive molecular systems biology approach, combining statistical tools, such as MicroRNA Master Regulator Analysis pipeline and Boolean modeling to integrate these biochemical processes. We demonstrated that EPA mediated molecular adaptations, leading to the inhibition of miR-34a-5p, a negative regulator of Irs2 as a master regulatory event leading to the inhibition of gluconeogenesis by insulin during the fasting-feeding transition. Omics data integration provided greater biological insight and a better understanding of the relationships between biological variables. Such an approach may be useful for deriving innovative data-driven hypotheses and for the discovery of molecular-biochemical mechanistic links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Fabiola Corral-Jara
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (J.P.R.); (S.D.S.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura Cantini
- Computational Systems Biology Team, Institut de Biologie de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Nathalie Poupin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France;
| | - Tao Ye
- GenomEast Platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 1 rue Laurent Fries/BP 10142/, 67404 Illkirch, France;
| | - Jean Paul Rigaudière
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (J.P.R.); (S.D.S.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Sarah De Saint Vincent
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (J.P.R.); (S.D.S.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandre Pinel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (J.P.R.); (S.D.S.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Béatrice Morio
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France;
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour L’agriculture, L’alimentation et L’environnement (INRAE), Faculté de Médecine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (K.F.C.-J.); (J.P.R.); (S.D.S.V.); (A.P.)
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287
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Gu X, Al Dubayee M, Alshahrani A, Masood A, Benabdelkamel H, Zahra M, Li L, Abdel Rahman AM, Aljada A. Distinctive Metabolomics Patterns Associated With Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:609806. [PMID: 33381523 PMCID: PMC7768025 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.609806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is a multi-factorial disease associated with a dysregulated metabolism and can be prevented in pre-diabetic individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. A metabolomic approach emphasizing metabolic pathways is critical to our understanding of this heterogeneous disease. This study aimed to characterize the serum metabolomic fingerprint and multi-metabolite signatures associated with IR and T2DM. Here, we have used untargeted high-performance chemical isotope labeling (CIL) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify candidate biomarkers of IR and T2DM in sera from 30 adults of normal weight, 26 obese adults, and 16 adults newly diagnosed with T2DM. Among the 3633 peak pairs detected, 62% were either identified or matched. A group of 78 metabolites were up-regulated and 111 metabolites were down-regulated comparing obese to lean group while 459 metabolites were up-regulated and 166 metabolites were down-regulated comparing T2DM to obese groups. Several metabolites were identified as IR potential biomarkers, including amino acids (Asn, Gln, and His), methionine (Met) sulfoxide, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-5-formylpyridine-4-carboxylate, serotonin, L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid, and 4,6-dihydroxyquinoline. T2DM was associated with dysregulation of 42 metabolites, including amino acids, amino acids metabolites, and dipeptides. In conclusion, these pilot data have identified IR and T2DM metabolomics panels as potential novel biomarkers of IR and identified metabolites associated with T2DM, with possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Further studies to confirm these associations in prospective cohorts are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al Dubayee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Alshahrani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afshan Masood
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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288
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Intestinal Population in Host with Metabolic Syndrome during Administration of Chitosan and Its Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245857. [PMID: 33322383 PMCID: PMC7764266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and its derivatives can alleviate metabolic syndrome by different regulation mechanisms, phosphorylation of AMPK (AMP-activated kinase) and Akt (also known as protein kinase B), suppression of PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element–binding proteins), and translocation of GLUT4 (glucose transporter-4), and also the downregulation of fatty-acid-transport proteins, fatty-acid-binding proteins, fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase), and HMG-CoA reductase (hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase). The improved microbial profiles in the gastrointestinal tract were positively correlated with the improved glucose and lipid profiles in hosts with metabolic syndrome. Hence, this review will summarize the current literature illustrating positive correlations between the alleviated conditions in metabolic syndrome hosts and the normalized gut microbiota in hosts with metabolic syndrome after treatment with chitosan and its derivatives, implying that the possibility of chitosan and its derivatives to serve as therapeutic application will be consolidated. Chitosan has been shown to modulate cardiometabolic symptoms (e.g., lipid and glycemic levels, blood pressure) as well as gut microbiota. However, the literature that summarizes the relationship between such metabolic modulation of chitosan and prebiotic-like effects is limited. This review will discuss the connection among their structures, biological properties, and prebiotic effects for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Our hope is that future researchers will consider the prebiotic effects as significant contributors to the mitigation of metabolic syndrome.
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289
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Yuan F, Yin H, Deng Y, Jiao F, Jiang H, Niu Y, Chen S, Ying H, Zhai Q, Chen Y, Guo F. Overexpression of Smad7 in hypothalamic POMC neurons disrupts glucose balance by attenuating central insulin signaling. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101084. [PMID: 32971298 PMCID: PMC7551358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the hypothalamus is crucial for peripheral metabolism control, the signals in specific neurons involved remain poorly understood. The aim of our current study was to explore the role of the hypothalamic gene mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (Smad7) in peripheral glucose disorders. METHODS We studied glucose metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and middle-aged mice with Cre-mediated recombination causing 1) overexpression of Smad7 in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, 2) deletion of Smad7 in POMC neurons, and 3) overexpression of protein kinase B (AKT) in arcuate nucleus (ARC) in Smad7 overexpressed mice. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannulation of insulin was used to test the hypothalamic insulin sensitivity in the mice. Hypothalamic primary neurons were used to investigate the mechanism of Smad7 regulating hypothalamic insulin signaling. RESULTS We found that Smad7 expression was increased in POMC neurons in the hypothalamic ARC of HFD-fed or middle-aged mice. Furthermore, overexpression of Smad7 in POMC neurons disrupted the glucose balance, and deletion of Smad7 in POMC neurons prevented diet- or age-induced glucose disorders, which was likely to be independent of changes in body weight or food intake. Moreover, the effect of Smad7 was reversed by overexpression of AKT in the ARC. Finally, Smad7 decreased AKT phosphorylation by activating protein phosphatase 1c in hypothalamic primary neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that an excess of central Smad7 in POMC neurons disrupts glucose balance by attenuating hypothalamic insulin signaling. In addition, we found that this regulation was mediated by the activity of protein phosphatase 1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hanrui Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yalan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Fuxin Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Haizhou Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yuguo Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shanghai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Feifan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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290
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Le Couteur DG, Solon-Biet SM, Cogger VC, Ribeiro R, de Cabo R, Raubenheimer D, Cooney GJ, Simpson SJ. Branched chain amino acids, aging and age-related health. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101198. [PMID: 33132154 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, valine, isoleucine) have key physiological roles in the regulation of protein synthesis, metabolism, food intake and aging. Many studies report apparently inconsistent conclusions about the relationships between blood levels of BCAAs or dietary manipulation of BCAAs with age-related changes in body composition, sarcopenia, obesity, insulin and glucose metabolism, and aging biology itself. These divergent results can be resolved by consideration of the role of BCAAs as signalling molecules and the bidirectional mechanistic relationship between BCAAs and some aging phenotypes. The effects of BCAAs are also influenced by the background nutritional composition such as macronutrient ratios and imbalance with other amino acids. Understanding the interaction between BCAAs and other components of the diet may provide new opportunities for influencing age-related outcomes through manipulation of dietary BCAAs together with titration of macronutrient ratios and other amino acids.
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291
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Abstract
Obesity is a health condition that has reached pandemic levels and is implicated in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer and heart failure. A key characteristic of obesity is the activation of stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), such as the p38 and JNK stress kinases, in several organs, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, immune organs and the central nervous system. The correct timing, intensity and duration of SAPK activation contributes to cellular metabolic adaptation. By contrast, uncontrolled SAPK activation has been proposed to contribute to the complications of obesity. The stress kinase signalling pathways have therefore been identified as potential targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic syndrome. The past few decades have seen intense research efforts to determine how these kinases are regulated in a cell-specific manner and to define their contribution to the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Several studies have uncovered new and unexpected functions of the non-classical members of both pathways. Here, we provide an overview of the role of SAPKs in metabolic control and highlight important discoveries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikolic
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Leiva
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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292
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Gueven N, Ravishankar P, Eri R, Rybalka E. Idebenone: When an antioxidant is not an antioxidant. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101812. [PMID: 33254077 PMCID: PMC7708875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idebenone is a well described drug that was initially developed against dementia. The current literature widely portrays this molecule as a potent antioxidant and CoQ10 analogue. While numerous papers seem to support this view, a closer look indicates that the pharmacokinetics of idebenone do not support these claims. A major discrepancy between achievable tissue levels, especially in target tissues such as the brain, and doses required to show the proposed effects, significantly questions our current understanding. This review explains how this has happened and highlights the discrepancies in the current literature. More importantly, based on some recent discoveries, a new framework is presented that can explain the mode of action of this molecule and can align formerly contradictory results. Finally, this new appreciation of the molecular activities of idebenone provides a rational approach to test idebenone in novel indications that might have not been considered previously for this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Pranathi Ravishankar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Victoria University, Institute for Health and Sport, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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293
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Benke PI, Burla B, Ekroos K, Wenk MR, Torta F. Impact of ion suppression by sample cap liners in lipidomics. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1137:136-142. [PMID: 33153597 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contamination from the polymeric material released by vial caps used for sample introduction in liquid chromatography can significantly affect the signal of the analyte of interest. In particular, repeated injections from the same sample vial can enhance this suppressing effect. Multiple injections of the same sample are often used in metabolomics and lipidomics during routine analyses. Here we demonstrate how the presence of contaminant polymers, originating from the vial closures, significantly influences the estimation of the relative amount of endogenous lipids in human plasma. Furthermore, this can negatively impact other operations in mass spectrometric analysis, such as instrument equilibration and tuning or the common use of technical replicates to improve confidence in data interpretation. Our observations provide critical information on how to improve future analyses through the use of appropriate vial caps, solvents, chromatographic separations and equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Benke
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Institute and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Lipidomics Consulting Ltd, Irisviksvägen 31D, 02230, Esbo, Finland
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Institute and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Department of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Institute and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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294
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Smy L, De Biase I, Genzen JR, Yuzyuk T. The nuclear magnetic resonance metabolic profile: Impact of fasting status. Clin Biochem 2020; 87:85-92. [PMID: 33159964 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Measurement of lipoprotein subclass concentration (-c), particle number (-p), and size (-s) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has gained traction in the clinical laboratory due to associations between smaller lipid particle sizes and atherogenic risk, especially for LDL-p. The standard protocols for lipoprotein measurements by NMR require fasting blood samples; however, patients may not fast properly before sample collection. The study objective was to evaluate the impact of fasting status on the NMR-based lipid profile and to identify key parameters differentiating between fasting and post-meal specimens. METHODS Forty-eight self-reported healthy male and female participants were recruited. Blood was collected after a 12 h fast and 4 h after a high fat meal. Samples were analyzed using the AXINON LipoFIT by NMR assay. The measurements included triglyceride, total cholesterol, IDL-c, and LDL, HDL, VLDL concentration, particle number, and size, as well as glucose, and four amino acids (alanine, valine, leucine and isoleucine). RESULTS As expected, triglycerides increased after the meal (58%, p < 0.0001). Significant changes were also observed for VLDL, LDL, and HDL parameters, and the branched chain amino acids. The ratio of Valine*VLDL-c/LDL-c or Isoleucine*VLDL-c/LDL-c provided equally effective differentiation of fasting and post-meal samples. The ratio cutoffs (79.1 and 23.6 when calculated using valine and isoleucine, respectively) had sensitivities of 86% and specificities of 93-95%. CONCLUSIONS The clinical impact on NMR results from post-meal samples warrants further evaluation. Algorithms to differentiate fasting and post-meal specimens may be useful in identifying suboptimal specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Smy
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Irene De Biase
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jonathan R Genzen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Tatiana Yuzyuk
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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295
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Al-Badrani M, Saha P, Mondal A, Seth RK, Sarkar S, Kimono D, Bose D, Porter DE, Scott GI, Brooks B, Raychoudhury S, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P, Chatterjee S. Early microcystin-LR exposure-linked inflammasome activation in mice causes development of fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103457. [PMID: 32687983 PMCID: PMC7609636 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from pediatric studies show that infants and children are at risk for early exposure to microcystin. The present report tests the hypothesis that early life exposure to microcystin (MC), a principal component of harmful algal blooms followed by a juvenile exposure to high-fat diet feeding potentiate the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease phenotype in adulthood. Results showed classical symptoms of early NAFLD linked inflammation. Cytokines and chemokines such as CD68, IL-1β, MCP-1, and TNF-α, as well as α-SMA were increased in the groups that were exposed to MC-LR with the high-fat diet compared to the vehicle group. Also, mechanistically, NLRP3 KO mice showed a significant decrease in the inflammation and NAFLD phenotype and resisted the metabolic changes such as insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in the liver. The data suggested that MC-LR exposure and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation in childhood could impact liver health in juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muayad Al-Badrani
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Punnag Saha
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ayan Mondal
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ratanesh K Seth
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sutapa Sarkar
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diana Kimono
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dipro Bose
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dwayne E Porter
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Geoff I Scott
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - Samir Raychoudhury
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Health Science, Benedict College, Columbia, SC, 29204, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA.
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296
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Zagoskin P, Erlykina E. Bile Acids as a New Type of Steroid Hormones Regulating Nonspecific Energy Expenditure of the Body (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2020; 12:114-127. [PMID: 34796012 PMCID: PMC8596256 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to the systematization, classification, and generalization of the results of modern scientific research on the role of bile acids as a new class of steroid hormones. The paper presents the evidence for bile acid participation in the regulation of the body energy metabolism, body weight control, as well as the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Particular attention is paid to the role of bile acids in the control of nonspecific energy expenditure of the body. The applied aspects of using the novel data about the membrane and intracellular receptors responsible for the development of hormonal regulatory effects of bile acids are analyzed. According to the authors, the modern data on the role of bile acids in the regulation of body functions allow a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of body weight disorders and associated cardiovascular diseases. The review demonstrates promising directions in the search for specific methods of prevention and correction of these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.P. Zagoskin
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry named after G.Ya. Gorodisskaya; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - E.I. Erlykina
- Professor, Head of the Department of Biochemistry named after G.Ya. Gorodisskaya Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
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297
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Saponins of Momordica charantia increase insulin secretion in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 68:329-337. [PMID: 33069631 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saponins are the main bioactive substances with anti-hyperglycemic activities of Momordica charantia. This study aimed to verify the effects of M. charantia saponins on insulin secretion and explore the potential underlying mechanisms in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells. We injured INS-1 cells with 33.3mM glucose and then treated them with saponins. Saponins improved cell morphology and viability as demonstrated by inverted microscopy and CCK8 detection and significantly increased insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner as shown by ELISA. Thus, we obtained the optimal concentration for the subsequent experiments. Potential mechanisms were explored by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and RT-qPCR techniques. First, saponins increased the mRNA and protein levels of IRS-2 but decreased the serine 731 phosphorylation level of IRS-2. Moreover, saponins increased the phosphorylation of Akt protein and decreased the protein level of FoxO1, which were both reversed by the PI3K inhibitor ly294002. Furthermore, saponins increased the protein level of the downstream molecule and insulin initiating factor PDX-1, which was also reversed by ly294002. Saponins also increased Akt and PDX-1 mRNA and decreased FoxO1 mRNA, which were both reversed by ly294002. Saponins increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and intracellular insulin content, which were reversed by ly294002, as determined by ELISA. The immunofluorescence results also confirmed this tendency. In conclusion, our findings improve our understanding of the function of saponins in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells and suggest that saponins may increase insulin secretion via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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298
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The pharmacological activity of berberine, a review for liver protection. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 890:173655. [PMID: 33068590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver plays an important role in bile synthesis, metabolic function, degradation of toxins, new substances synthesis in body. However, hepatopathy morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year around the world, which become a major public health problem. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a prominent role in the treatment of liver diseases due to its definite curative effect and small side effects. The hepatoprotective effect of berberine has been extensively studied, so we comprehensively summarize the pharmacological activities of lipid metabolism regulation, bile acid adjustment, anti-inflammation, oxidation resistance, anti-fibrosis and anti-cancer and so on. Besides, the metabolism and toxicity of berberine and its new formulations to improve its effectiveness are expounded, providing a reference for the safe and effective clinical use of berberine.
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299
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Chen TY, Sun D, Lin WS, Lin YL, Chao YM, Chen SY, Chen YR, Wu YL. Glucosamine regulation of fibroblast growth factor 21 expression in liver and adipose tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:714-719. [PMID: 32736697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been recognized as important in metabolism. Glucosamine (GLN) has been demonstrated to perform diverse beneficial functions. This study aimed to reveal whether and how GLN would modulate FGF21 production in relation to metabolism. With in vivo model of normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) mice receiving GLN injection and in vitro model of mouse AML12 liver cells and differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes challenged with GLN, GLN appeared to improve the glucose metabolism in HFD and ND mice and to elevate FGF21 protein expression in HFD liver and to increase both FGF21 protein and mRNA levels in WAT from HFD and ND mice and it also upregulated FGF21 expression in both AML12 and differentiated 3T3L1 cells. By using inhibitors against various signaling pathways, p38, Akt, NF-κB, and PKA appeared potentially involved in GLN-mediated FGF21 production in AML12 cells; GLN was able to mediate activation of NF-κB, p38 or PKA/CREB signaling. Our accumulated findings suggest that GLN may potentially improve the metabolic performance by inducing FGF21 production in liver and adipose tissues and such induction in liver cells may act in part due to GLN induction of the NF-κB, p38 and PKA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shen Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lin Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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300
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Abou-Khalil NS, Ali MF, Ali MM, Ibrahim A. Surgical castration versus chemical castration in donkeys: response of stress, lipid profile and redox potential biomarkers. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:310. [PMID: 32847551 PMCID: PMC7448993 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Castration is a husbandry practice raising important questions on the welfare and physiological status of farm animals. Searching for effective castration methods that minimally compromise the body physiology is worthy of attention. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the differential response of biological systems in donkeys to surgical castration versus the chemical one by CaCl2 with special emphasis on stress, lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Donkeys were divided randomly and equally into two groups; the chemical (Ch) and surgical (S) groups (n = 6). The Ch group was chemically castrated by intratesticular injection of 20% CaCl2 dissolved in absolute ethanol. Blood samples were collected prior to castration and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after the beginning of experiment. Results Surprisingly, the Ch group at the end of the experiment was characterized by significantly higher cortisol level compared to the S group. TC and LDL-C levels in the S group significantly decreased at day 45, while TG levels significantly increased at days 45 and 60 in comparison with day 0. HDL-C levels at days 30 and 60 in the Ch group significantly increased in comparison with day 0. At day 30 post-castration, HDL-C was significantly higher and LDL-C was significantly lower in the Ch group than the S group. A significant elevation in TC and LDL-C was observed at day 45 and in HDL-C at the end of experimental duration in the Ch group when compared with the S group. TPX level was significantly lower and TAC was significantly higher in the Ch group at day 45 than the S group. Conclusion Surgical castration evoked less stress and minor changes in lipid profile and oxidant/antioxidant balance relative to chemical castration by intratesticular 20% CaCl2 dissolved in absolute ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser S Abou-Khalil
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Marwa F Ali
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Magda M Ali
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
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