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Wang G, Chen Q, Tian P, Wang L, Li X, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might be responsible to different toxicity caused by Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure in murine rodents. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114164. [PMID: 32088434 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer, which can enter the body through a variety of ways and exerted multiple harmful effects, including liver toxicity, reproductive toxicity and even glucose metabolism disorder. Many studies have suggested that changes of gut microbiota are closely related to the occurrence of various diseases, but the effects of DEHP exposure on gut microbiota are still unclear. It was found in this study that the damage to different tissues by DEHP on two strains each from two different species of male rodents before puberty was dose and time of exposure dependent, and also depending on the strain and species of rodent. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats showed highest sensitivity to DEHP exposure, with most severe organ damage, highest Th1 inflammatory response and most significant body weight gain. Correspondingly, the gut microbiota of SD rats showed most significant changes after DEHP exposure. Only SD rats, but not Wistar rats, BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice showed an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Proteobacteria abundance in the fecal samples, which are known to associate with obesity and diabetes. This is consistent with the increasing body weight gain which was only found in SD rats. In addition, the decrease in the level of butyrate, increase in the abundance of potential pathogens and microbial genes linked to colorectal cancer, Parkinson's disease, and type 2 diabetes in the SD rats were associated with issue and functional damages and Th1 inflammatory response caused by DEHP exposure. We postulate that the differential effects of DEHP on gut microbiota may be an important cause of the differences in the toxicity on different strains and species of rodents to DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, PR China.
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Hu L, Jin L, Xia D, Zhang Q, Ma L, Zheng H, Xu T, Chang S, Li X, Xun Z, Xu Y, Zhang C, Chen F, Wang S. Nitrate ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by regulating the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:609-621. [PMID: 31811920 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic inflammation, loss of epithelial integrity, and gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Effective therapies for IBD have not been established. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the effects of inorganic nitrate, a potent nitric oxide (NO) donor and microbiota regulator, in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Mice were pretreated with NaNO3 (2 mM) in their drinking water for 5 days, and NaCl was used as a control. Feces were collected for microbiota analyses. The results showed that oral administration of dietary nitrate could maintained colon consistency, improved colon length, maintained body weight, decreased apoptosis in colon epithelial cells, and ameliorated inflammatory cell infiltration in both the colon and peripheral blood. Microbiota profiling revealed that nitrate regulated dysbiosis. Analysis of the top bacteria at the genus level showed that Bacteroidales_S24-7_group_unidentified, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 decreased in the DSS group compared with that in the normal group, whereas Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 were increased in the DSS + NaNO3 group compared with that in the DSS group. The enriched bacteria in the nitrate group included Gordonibacter, Ureaplasama, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006. Moreover, microbiota analysis revealed that nitrate could partially decrease the enriched metabolic pathways (p53 signaling pathway and colorectal cancer pathway) compared with that in the DSS and DSS + NaCl groups. Overall, these findings indicated that nitrate could ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by decreasing inflammation, reducing apoptosis, and regulating the microbiota by activation of the NO3-/NO2-/NO pathway. Nitrate might be a potential treatment for colitis patients in the future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyuan Jin
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of general dentistry and emergency dental care, School of Stomatology, Capital medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dengsheng Xia
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of general dentistry and emergency dental care, School of Stomatology, Capital medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China
| | - Linsha Ma
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tiansong Xu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China
| | - Shimin Chang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangchun Li
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Xun
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China
| | - Yipu Xu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of general dentistry and emergency dental care, School of Stomatology, Capital medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China.
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Traisaeng S, Batsukh A, Chuang TH, Herr DR, Huang YF, Chimeddorj B, Huang CM. Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentation produces butyric acid and mediates Ffar2 to regulate blood glucose and insulin in type 1 diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7928. [PMID: 32404878 PMCID: PMC7220903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetic patients have lower counts of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the dysbiotic gut microbiome. In this study, we demonstrate that a butyric acid-producing Leuconostoc mesenteroides (L. mesenteroides) EH-1 strain isolated from Mongolian curd cheese can reduce blood glucose and IL-6 in the type 1 diabetic mouse model. L. mesenteroides EH-1 fermentation yielded high concentrations of butyric acid both in vitro and in vivo. Butyric acid or L. mesenteroides EH-1 increased the amounts of insulin in Min6 cell culture and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Inhibition or siRNA knockdown of free fatty acid receptor 2 (Ffar2) considerably reduced the anti-diabetic effect of probiotic L. mesenteroides EH-1 or butyric acid by lowering the level of blood glucose. We here demonstrate that Ffar2 mediated the effects of L. mesenteroides EH-1 and butryic acid on regulation of blood glucose and insulin in type 1 diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anir Batsukh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Deron Raymond Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Battogtokh Chimeddorj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Lamichhane P, Maiolini M, Alnafoosi O, Hussein S, Alnafoosi H, Umbela S, Richardson T, Alla N, Lamichhane N, Subhadra B, Deshmukh RR. Colorectal Cancer and Probiotics: Are Bugs Really Drugs? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051162. [PMID: 32380712 PMCID: PMC7281248 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. There are many factors that predispose a patient to the disease such as age, family history, ethnicity, and lifestyle. There are different genetic factors and diseases that also increase a person’s risk for developing CRC. Studies have found associations between gut microbiome and the risk for developing versus protection against CRC. Normal gut microbiome aid in daily functions of the human body such as absorption, metabolism, detoxification, and regulation of inflammation. While some species of bacteria prevent CRC development and aid in therapeutic responses to various treatment regiments, other species seem to promote CRC pathogenesis. In this regard, many studies have been conducted to not only understand the biology behind these opposing different bacterial species; but also to determine if supplementation of these tumor opposing bacterial species as probiotics lends toward decreased risk of CRC development and improved therapeutic responses in patients with CRC. In this literature review, we aim to discuss the basics on colorectal cancer (epidemiology, risk factors, targets, treatments), discuss associations between different bacterial strains and CRC, and discuss probiotics and their roles in CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgan Maiolini
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Omar Alnafoosi
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Sedra Hussein
- Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| | - Hasan Alnafoosi
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Stewart Umbela
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Tayanna Richardson
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Nevien Alla
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Narottam Lamichhane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Bobban Subhadra
- BIOM Pharmaceuticals, 2203 Industrial Blvd, Sarasota, FL 34234, USA;
| | - Rahul R. Deshmukh
- LECOM School of Pharmacy, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA; (M.M.); (O.A.); (H.A.); (S.U.); (T.R.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence:
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255
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Bi R, Gao J, Pan L, Lai X. Progress in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Based on Intestinal Flora Homeostasis and the Advancement of Holistic Analysis Methods. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20918418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism, which is accompanied by alterations in energy metabolism, intestinal bacterial metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and others. However, intestinal flora metabolism plays a fundamental role in host metabolism; they are complementary to each other and help maintain homeostasis, thus ensuring the normal operation of the host metabolic system. This suggests that a holistic analysis method would be of great use in the study of the overall metabolism in patients with DM. With this in mind, this review summarizes the mechanism of intestinal flora metabolism regarding the occurrence of DM and assesses the effects of drug treatments on the intestinal flora of patients with diabetes. Based on these results, we combined intestinal flora metabolism with host metabolism to evaluate the necessity and the advantages of holistic metabonomics analyses in the treatment of DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohong Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Lin Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xianrong Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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256
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257
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Abstract
Many studies highlighted that a bidirectional communication between the gut and the central nervous system (CNS) exists. A vigorous immune response to antigens must be avoided, and pathogenic organisms crossing the gut barrier must be detected and killed. For this reason, the immune system developed fine mechanisms able to maintain this delicate balance. The microbiota is beneficial to its host, providing protection against pathogenic bacteria. It is intimately involved in numerous aspects of host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. In the last few years, the implication of the gut microbiota and its bioactive microbiota-derived molecules in the progression of multiple diseases, as well as in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, gained increasing attention. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the gut microbiota with particular attention toward neurological disorders and mast cells. Relevant roles are played by the mast cells in neuroimmune communication, such as sensors and effectors of cytokines and neurotransmitters. In this context, the intake of beneficial bacterial strains as probiotics could represent a valuable therapeutic approach to adopt in combination with classical therapies. Further studies need to be performed to understand if the gut bacteria are responsible for neurological disorders or if neurological disorders influence the bacterial profile.
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258
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Yi M, Jiao D, Qin S, Chu Q, Li A, Wu K. Manipulating Gut Microbiota Composition to Enhance the Therapeutic Effect of Cancer Immunotherapy. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 18:1534735419876351. [PMID: 31517538 PMCID: PMC7242797 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419876351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, a growing set of immunotherapies including immune checkpoint
blockade, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and bispecific antibodies propelled
the advancement of oncology therapeutics. Accumulating evidence demonstrates
that immunotherapy could eliminate tumors better than traditional chemotherapy
or radiotherapy with lower risk of adverse events in numerous cancer types.
Unfortunately, a substantial proportion of patients eventually acquire
resistance to immunotherapy. By analyzing the differences between
immunotherapy-sensitive and immunotherapy-resistant populations, it was noticed
that the composition of gut microbiota is closely related to treatment effect.
Moreover, in xenograft models, interventional regulation of gut microbiota could
effectively enhance efficacy and relieve resistance during immunotherapy. Thus,
we believe that gut microbiota composition might be helpful to explain the
heterogeneity of treatment effect, and manipulating gut microbiota could be a
promising adjuvant treatment for cancer immunotherapy. In this mini review, we
focus on the latest understanding of the cross-talk between gut microbiota and
host immunity. Moreover, we highlight the role of gut microbiota in cancer
immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitor and adoptive cell
transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dechao Jiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuang Qin
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anping Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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259
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Rocha BS, Laranjinha J. Nitrate from diet might fuel gut microbiota metabolism: Minding the gap between redox signaling and inter-kingdom communication. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 149:37-43. [PMID: 32045656 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been recently interpreted in terms of a metabolic organ that influences the host through reciprocal interactions, encompassing metabolic and immune pathways, genetic and epigenetic programming in host mammal tissues in a diet-depended manner, that shape virtually all aspects of host physiology. In this scenario, dietary nitrate, a major component of leafy green vegetables known for their health benefits, might fuel microbiota metabolism with ensued consequences for microbiota-host interaction. Cumulating evidence support that nitrate shapes oral microbiome communities with impact on the kinetics and systemic levels of both nitrate and nitrite. However, the impact of nitrate, which is steadily delivered into the lower gastrointestinal tract after a vegetable-rich meal, in the intestinal microbiome communities and their functional capacity remains largely elusive. Several mechanisms reinforce the notion that nitrate may be a nutrient for the lower microbiome and might participate in local redox interactions with relevance for bacteria-host interactions, among these nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms along the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway. Also, by allowing bacteria to thrive, either by increasing microbial biomass or by acting as a respiratory substrate for the existing communities, nitrate ensures the production of bacterial metabolites (e.g., pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMP, short chain fatty acids, among other) that are recognised by host receptors (such as toll-like, TLR, and formyl peptide receptors, FPR) thereby activating local signalling pathways. Here, we elaborate on the notion that via modulation of intestinal microbiota metabolism, dietary nitrate impacts on host-microbiota metabolic and redox interactions, thereby contributing as an essential nutrient to optimal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara S Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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260
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Wang Y, Li L, Ye C, Yuan J, Qin S. Alginate oligosaccharide improves lipid metabolism and inflammation by modulating gut microbiota in high-fat diet fed mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3541-3554. [PMID: 32103315 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides are associated with some beneficial health effects. Gut microbiota is one of the most recently identified factors in the development of several metabolic diseases induced by high-fat diet. Our objective was to evaluate how alginate oligosaccharides impact on high-fat diet‑induced features of metabolic disorders and whether this impact is related to modulations in the modulation of the gut microbiota. C57BL/6J mice were fed with chow diet, high-fat diet, or high-fat diet supplemented with alginate oligosaccharides for 10 weeks. Alginate oligosaccharide treatment improved lipid metabolism, such as reducing levels of TG and LDL-C and inhibiting expression of lipogenesis genes. Alginate oligosaccharide administration reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose and increased the levels of serum insulin. Alginate oligosaccharide treatment was found to lower the expression of markers of inflammation, including IL1β and CD11c. Alginate oligosaccharide treatment modulated gut microbial communities and markedly prompted the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus gasseri. Additionally, alginate oligosaccharide intervention significantly increased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, as well as decreased levels of endotoxin. Alginate oligosaccharides exert beneficial effects via alleviating metabolic metrics induced by high-fat diet, which is associated with increase in A. muciniphila, L. reuteri, and L. gasseri, as well as the release of microbiota-dependent short-chain fatty acids and inhibition of endotoxin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.,Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lili Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China. .,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Changqing Ye
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Jingyi Yuan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China. .,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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261
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Matsushita M, Fujita K, Nonomura N. Influence of Diet and Nutrition on Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041447. [PMID: 32093338 PMCID: PMC7073095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) displays widespread regional differences, probably owing to differences in dietary habits. Nutrients, including fat, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins (vitamin A, D, and E), and polyphenols, potentially affect PCa pathogenesis and progression, as previously reported using animal models; however, clinical studies have reported controversial results for almost all nutrients. The effects of these nutrients may be manifested through various mechanisms including inflammation, antioxidant effects, and the action of sex hormones. Dietary patterns including the Western and Prudent patterns also influence the risk of PCa. Recent studies reported that the gut microbiota contribute to tumorigenesis in some organs. Diet composition and lifestyle have a direct and profound effect on the gut bacteria. Human studies reported an increase in the abundance of specific gut bacteria in PCa patients. Although there are few studies concerning their relationship, diet and nutrition could influence PCa, and this could be mediated by gut microbiota. An intervention of dietary patterns could contribute to the prevention of PCa. An intervention targeting dietary patterns may thus help prevent PCa.
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262
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Diet change affects intestinal microbiota restoration and improves vertical sleeve gastrectomy outcome in diet-induced obese rats. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3555-3564. [PMID: 32055963 PMCID: PMC7669806 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Obesity, a worldwide health problem, is linked to an abnormal gut microbiota and is currently most effectively treated by bariatric surgery. Our aim was to characterize the microbiota of high-fat fed Sprague–Dawley rats when subjected to bariatric surgery (i.e., vertical sleeve gastrectomy) and posterior refeeding with either a high-fat or control diet. We hypothesized that bariatric surgery followed by the control diet was more effective in reverting the microbiota modifications caused by the high-fat diet when compared to either of the two factors alone. Methods Using next-generation sequencing of ribosomal RNA amplicons, we analyzed and compared the composition of the cecal microbiota after vertical sleeve gastrectomy with control groups representing non-operated rats, control fed, high-fat fed, and post-operative diet-switched animals. Rats were fed either a high-fat or control low-fat diet and were separated into three comparison groups after eight weeks comprising no surgery, sham surgery, and vertical sleeve gastrectomy. Half of the rats were then moved from the HFD to the control diet. Using next-generation sequencing of ribosomal RNA amplicons, we analyzed the composition of the cecal microbiota of rats allocated to the vertical sleeve gastrectomy group and compared it to that of the non-surgical, control fed, high-fat fed, and post-operative diet-switched groups. Additionally, we correlated different biological parameters with the genera exhibiting the highest variation in abundance between the groups. Results The high-fat diet was the strongest driver of altered taxonomic composition, relative microbial abundance, and diversity in the cecum. These effects were partially reversed in the diet-switched cohort, especially when combined with sleeve gastrectomy, resulting in increased diversity and shifting relative abundances. Several highly-affected genera were correlated with obesity-related parameters. Conclusions The dysbiotic state caused by high-fat diet was improved by the change to the lower fat, higher fiber control diet. Bariatric surgery contributed significantly and additively to the diet in restoring microbiome diversity and complexity. These results highlight the importance of dietary intervention following bariatric surgery for improved restoration of cecal diversity, as neither surgery nor change of diet alone had the same effects as when combined. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02190-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bruce-Keller AJ, Richard AJ, Fernandez-Kim SO, Ribnicky DM, Salbaum JM, Newman S, Carmouche R, Stephens JM. Fenugreek Counters the Effects of High Fat Diet on Gut Microbiota in Mice: Links to Metabolic Benefit. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1245. [PMID: 31988303 PMCID: PMC6985225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an annual herbaceous plant and a staple of traditional health remedies for metabolic conditions including high cholesterol and diabetes. While the mechanisms of the beneficial actions of fenugreek remain unknown, a role for intestinal microbiota in metabolic homeostasis is likely. To determine if fenugreek utilizes intestinal bacteria to offset the adverse effects of high fat diets, C57BL/6J mice were fed control/low fat (CD) or high fat (HFD) diets each supplemented with or without 2% (w/w) fenugreek for 16 weeks. The effects of fenugreek and HFD on gut microbiota were comprehensively mapped and then statistically assessed in relation to effects on metrics of body weight, hyperlipidemia, and glucose tolerance. 16S metagenomic analyses revealed robust and significant effects of fenugreek on gut microbiota, with alterations in both alpha and beta diversity as well as taxonomic redistribution under both CD and HFD conditions. As previously reported, fenugreek attenuated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and stabilized glucose tolerance without affecting body weight. Finally, fenugreek specifically reversed the dysbiotic effects of HFD on numerous taxa in a manner tightly correlated with overall metabolic function. Collectively, these data reinforce the essential link between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome and suggest that the preservation of healthy populations of gut microbiota participates in the beneficial properties of fenugreek in the context of modern Western-style diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadora J Bruce-Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Sun-Ok Fernandez-Kim
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - J Michael Salbaum
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Susan Newman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Richard Carmouche
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
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264
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Kong WJ, Vernieri C, Foiani M, Jiang JD. Berberine in the treatment of metabolism-related chronic diseases: A drug cloud (dCloud) effect to target multifactorial disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 209:107496. [PMID: 32001311 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a multi-target drug (MTD) that has proven effective in the treatment of metabolism-related chronic diseases (CDs). However, the mode of action (MOA) of BBR remains to be clarified. At a cellular level, the inhibitory effect of BBR on mitochondrial enzymes is probably responsible for many of its biological activities, including the activation of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin receptor (InsR); these biological activities contribute to ameliorate peripheral blood metabolic profiles, e.g. by reducing plasma lipids and glucose levels, thus improving signs and symptoms of metabolic disorders. In this perspective, BBR acts as a targeted therapy. However, it also exerts pleiotropic systemic activities on some root causes of CDs that include antioxidant / anti-inflammatory effects and modifications of gut microbiota composition and metabolism, which may also contribute to its disease-modifying effects. After reviewing the different MOA of BBR, here we propose that BBR acts through a drug-cloud (dCloud) mechanism, as different to a drug-target effect. The dCloud here is defined as a group of terminal molecular events induced by the drug (or/and related metabolites), as well as the network connections among them. In this scenario, the therapeutic efficacy of BBR is the result of its dCloud effect acting on symptoms/signs as well as on root causes of the diseases. The dCloud concept is applicable to other established MTDs, such as aspirin, metformin, statins as well as to nutrient starvation, thus providing a novel instrument for the design of effective therapies against multifactorial metabolism-related CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products and Function, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, China.
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265
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Yong SJ, Tong T, Chew J, Lim WL. Antidepressive Mechanisms of Probiotics and Their Therapeutic Potential. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1361. [PMID: 32009871 PMCID: PMC6971226 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulating knowledge of the host-microbiota interplay gives rise to the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. The MGB axis depicts the interkingdom communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. This communication process involves the endocrine, immune and neurotransmitters systems. Dysfunction of these systems, along with the presence of gut dysbiosis, have been detected among clinically depressed patients. This implicates the involvement of a maladaptive MGB axis in the pathophysiology of depression. Depression refers to symptoms that characterize major depressive disorder (MDD), a mood disorder with a disease burden that rivals that of heart diseases. The use of probiotics to treat depression has gained attention in recent years, as evidenced by increasing numbers of animal and human studies that have supported the antidepressive efficacy of probiotics. Physiological changes observed in these studies allow for the elucidation of probiotics antidepressive mechanisms, which ultimately aim to restore proper functioning of the MGB axis. However, the understanding of mechanisms does not yet complete the endeavor in applying probiotics to treat MDD. Other challenges remain which include the heterogeneous nature of both the gut microbiota composition and depressive symptoms in the clinical setting. Nevertheless, probiotics offer some advantages over standard pharmaceutical antidepressants, in terms of residual symptoms, side effects and stigma involved. This review outlines antidepressive mechanisms of probiotics based on the currently available literature and discusses therapeutic potentials of probiotics for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Jie Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Tommy Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Jactty Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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266
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Zwolak I. Protective Effects of Dietary Antioxidants against Vanadium-Induced Toxicity: A Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1490316. [PMID: 31998432 PMCID: PMC6973198 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1490316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium (V) in its inorganic forms is a toxic metal and a potent environmental and occupational pollutant and has been reported to induce toxic effects in animals and people. In vivo and in vitro data show that high levels of reactive oxygen species are often implicated in vanadium deleterious effects. Since many dietary (exogenous) antioxidants are known to upregulate the intrinsic antioxidant system and ameliorate oxidative stress-related disorders, this review evaluates their effectiveness in the treatment of vanadium-induced toxicity. Collected data, mostly from animal studies, suggest that dietary antioxidants including ascorbic acid, vitamin E, polyphenols, phytosterols, and extracts from medicinal plants can bring a beneficial effect in vanadium toxicity. These findings show potential preventive effects of dietary antioxidants on vanadium-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, neurotoxicity, testicular toxicity, and kidney damage. The relevant mechanistic insights of these events are discussed. In summary, the results of studies on the role of dietary antioxidants in vanadium toxicology appear encouraging enough to merit further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Zwolak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
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267
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Coni P, Piras M, Mateddu A, Piludu M, Orru G, Scano A, Cabras T, Piras V, Lachowicz JI, Jaremko M, Faa G, Castagnola M, Pichiri G. Thymosin β4 cytoplasmic/nuclear translocation as a new marker of cellular stress. A Caco2 case study. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12680-12688. [PMID: 35497634 PMCID: PMC9051466 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of cell stress are important for proper diagnosis, and in studies of how cells respond to drug treatment. Biomarkers that respond early to pharmacological treatment could improve therapy by tailoring the treatment to the needs of the patient. Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) plays a significant role in many aspects of cellular metabolism because of its actin-sequestering properties. Other physiological functions of Tβ4 have been also reported. Among these, Tβ4 may play a crucial role during cellular stress. We addressed the relevance of Tβ4 in cellular stress conditions by using different treatments (serum starvation, DMSO, and butyrate administration) in a colon adenocarcinoma cell line (CaCo2), a cell line frequently used for in vitro experimental studies of Tβ4. In this study, different stress stimuli were analyzed and the obtained results were compared using immunocytochemistry, and molecular and biochemical methods. Taken together, the data clearly indicate that the Tβ4 peptide is involved in adaptive and defensive cellular mechanisms, and that different stress inducers lead to a similar Tβ4 cytoplasmic/nuclear translocation. The translocation of Tβ4 between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell seems characteristic of a possible molecular response to cellular stress exerted by this peptide. Biomarkers of cell stress are important for proper diagnosis, and in studies of how cells respond to drug treatment.![]()
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268
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Onyszkiewicz M, Jaworska K, Ufnal M. Short chain fatty acids and methylamines produced by gut microbiota as mediators and markers in the circulatory system. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:166-175. [PMID: 31948289 PMCID: PMC7016413 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219900898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ample evidence suggests that gut microbiota-derived products affect the circulatory system functions. For instance, short chain fatty acids, that are the products of dietary fiber bacterial fermentation, have been found to dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Trimethylamine, a gut bacteria metabolite of carnitine and choline, has recently emerged as a potentially toxic molecule for the circulatory system. To enter the bloodstream, microbiota products cross the gut–blood barrier, a multilayer system of the intestinal wall. Notably, experimental and clinical studies show that cardiovascular diseases may compromise function of the gut–blood barrier and increase gut-to-blood penetration of microbiota-derived molecules. Hence, the bacteria products and the gut–blood barrier may be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we review research on the cardiovascular effects of microbiota-produced short chain fatty acids and methylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Onyszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Kinga Jaworska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| | - Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
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269
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O'Keefe SJ. The association between dietary fibre deficiency and high-income lifestyle-associated diseases: Burkitt's hypothesis revisited. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 4:984-996. [PMID: 31696832 PMCID: PMC6944853 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(19)30257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In 1969, Denis Burkitt published an article titled "Related disease-related cause?", which became the foundation for Burkitt's hypothesis. Working in Uganda, he noted that middle-aged people (40-60 years old) had a much lower incidence of diseases that were common in similarly aged people living in England, including colon cancer, diverticulitis, appendicitis, hernias, varicose veins, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and asthma, all of which are associated with lifestyles commonly led in high-income countries (HICs; also known as western diseases). Following Cleave's common cause hypothesis-which suggests that if a group of diseases occur together in the same population or individual, they are likely to have a common cause-Burkitt attributed these diseases to the small quantities of dietary fibre consumed in HICs due mainly to the over-processing of natural foods. Nowadays, dietary fibre intake in HICs is around 15 g/day (well below the amount of fibre Burkitt advocated of >50 g/day-which is associated with diets from rural, southern and eastern sub-Sahalean Africa). Since Burkitt's death in 1993, his hypothesis has been verified and extended by large-scale epidemiological studies, which have reported that fibre deficiency increases the risk of colon, liver, and breast cancer and increases all cancer mortality and death from cardiovascular, infectious, and respiratory diseases, diabetes, and all non-cardiovascular, non-cancer causes. Furthermore, mechanistic studies have now provided molecular explanations for these associations, typified by the role of short-chain fatty acids, products of fibre fermentation in the colon, in suppressing colonic mucosal inflammation and carcinogenesis. Evidence suggests that short-chain fatty acids can affect the epigenome through metabolic regulatory receptors in distant organs, and that this can reduce obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, allergy, and cancer. Diseases associated with high-income lifestyles are the most serious threat to health in developed countries, and public and governmental awareness needs to be improved to urge an increase in intake of fibre-rich foods. This Viewpoint will summarise the evidence that suggests that increasing dietary fibre intake to 50 g/day is likely to increase lifespan, improve the quality of life during the added years, and substantially reduce health-care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J O'Keefe
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; African Microbiome Institute, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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270
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Torun A, Enayat S, Sheraj I, Tunçer S, Ülgen DH, Banerjee S. Butyrate mediated regulation of RNA binding proteins in the post-transcriptional regulation of inflammatory gene expression. Cell Signal 2019; 64:109410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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271
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McNabney SM, Wiese GN, Rowland DL. From Table to Bedroom: Nutritional Status, Dietary Interventions, and Women’s Sexual Function. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-019-00224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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272
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Pan X, Fang X, Wang F, Li H, Niu W, Liang W, Wu C, Li J, Tu X, Pan L, Sun J. Butyrate ameliorates caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and associated intestinal injury by tissue-specific mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4446-4461. [PMID: 31347703 PMCID: PMC6932943 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common acute abdominal condition, frequently associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction, which aggravates AP retroactively. Butyrate exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, its potential beneficial effect on AP and the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Experimental AP was induced by caerulein hyperstimulation in wild-type and GPR109A-/- mice. Sodium butyrate was administered intragastrically for 7 days prior to caerulein hyperstimulation. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of butyrate were further investigated in peritoneal macrophages. KEY RESULTS Butyrate prophylaxis attenuated AP as shown by reduced serum amylase and lipase levels, pancreatic oedema, myeloperoxidase activity, and improved pancreatic morphology. Amelioration of pancreatic damage by butyrate was associated with reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and CCL2 and suppressed activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in both pancreas and colon. Further, butyrate ameliorated pancreatic inflammation by suppressing interactions between histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and AP1 and STAT1 with increased histone acetylation at H3K9, H3K14, H3K18, and H3K27 loci, resulting in suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulation of immune cell infiltration in pancreas. Additionally, butyrate mediated STAT1/AP1-NLRP3 inflammasome suppression via HDAC1 inhibition was demonstrated in peritoneal macrophage. In colon, butyrate inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation via GPR109A. Accordingly, the modulatory effects of butyrate on AP, AP-associated gut dysfunction, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were diminished in GPR109A-/- mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study dissected tissue-specific anti-inflammatory mechanisms of butyrate during AP, suggesting that increased colonic levels of butyrate may be a strategy to protect against AP.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/analysis
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Butyrates/administration & dosage
- Butyrates/analysis
- Butyrates/pharmacology
- Ceruletide
- Female
- Intestinal Diseases/chemically induced
- Intestinal Diseases/drug therapy
- Intestinal Diseases/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/drug effects
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreatitis/chemically induced
- Pancreatitis/drug therapy
- Pancreatitis/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hongli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Wenying Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Wenjie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Chengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Jiahong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Xing Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Li‐Long Pan
- School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
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273
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Zhao Y, Shi L, Hu C, Sang S. Wheat Bran for Colon Cancer Prevention: The Synergy between Phytochemical Alkylresorcinol C21 and Intestinal Microbial Metabolite Butyrate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12761-12769. [PMID: 31675233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There is convincing evidence that consuming whole grains (WGs) may decrease the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Wheat bran (WB) is a rich source of dietary fiber and phytochemicals with health-promoting properties. However, the active components especially the interaction between different components in WG wheat have not been fully explored. Here, we investigated whether one of the major WB phytochemicals, alkylresorcinol (AR) C21, and the major active intestinal microbial metabolite of fiber, butyrate, could synergistically suppress human colon cancer cells. Our results demonstrated for the first time that the combination of C21 and butyrate synergistically inhibited the growth of human colon cancer cells and induced apoptosis. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that the cotreatment of C21 and butyrate induced significant up-regulations in cleaved Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase 3, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), cytochrome C, lipid-conjugated membrane-bound form of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3-II), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expressions, indicating the synergistic anticancer effects of C21 and butyrate were associated with induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and ER stress pathways. Notably, the C21 concentrations in the large intestinal tract of mice treated with human relevant doses of C21, were from 0.86 to 1.78 μmol/g, suggesting the C21 doses used in vitro may be achievable after daily WG wheat intake. These results provide novel insights into the dietary prevention of CRC regarding the potential interaction of bioactive WG wheat phytochemicals and the microbial metabolites of fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus , 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus , 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
- Department of Colorectal Surgery , General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan 750004 , P. R. China
| | - Changling Hu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus , 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies , North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus , 500 Laureate Way , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
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274
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A Fast and Accurate Way to Determine Short Chain Fatty Acids in Human Serum by GC–MS and Their Distribution in Children with Digestive Diseases. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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275
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Kim WK, Jang YJ, Han DH, Seo B, Park S, Lee CH, Ko G. Administration of Lactobacillus fermentum KBL375 Causes Taxonomic and Functional Changes in Gut Microbiota Leading to Improvement of Atopic Dermatitis. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:92. [PMID: 31612141 PMCID: PMC6777006 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play an important role in immune responses and energy metabolism. In this study, we evaluated whether administration of Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) KBL375 isolated from healthy Korean feces improves the atopic dermatitis using the house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. Administration of L. fermentum KBL375 significantly decreased dermatitis score, ear and dorsal thickness, and serum immunoglobulin E level in AD-induced mice. Significant reductions in mast cells and eosinophils were discovered in skin tissues from L. fermentum KBL375-treated mice. T helper 2 cell-related cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31 significantly decreased, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 or transforming growth factor-β increased in skin tissues from L. fermentum KBL375-treated mice. In addition to phenotypic changes in skin tissues, L. fermentum KBL375 treatment induced an increase in the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cell population in mesenteric lymph nodes. Taxonomic and functional analyses of gut microbiota showed significantly higher cecum bacterial diversities and abundances including genus Bilophila, Dorea, and Dehalobacterium in L. fermentum KBL375-treated mice. Metabolic analysis of the cecum also showed significant changes in the levels of various amino acids including methionine, phenylalanine, serine, and tyrosine, as well as short chain fatty acids such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate in AD-induced mice due to L. fermentum KBL375 treatment. These altered metabolites in AD-induced mice returned to the levels similar to those in control mice when treated with L. fermentum KBL375. Therefore, L. fermentum KBL375 could be useful for AD treatment by modulating the immune system and inducing various metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Ki Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You Jin Jang
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Hee Han
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boram Seo
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - SungJun Park
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- KoBioLabs, Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- N-Bio, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- KoBioLabs, Inc., Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Human and Environmental Microbiome, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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276
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Maino Vieytes CA, Mondul AM, Li Z, Zarins KR, Wolf GT, Rozek LS, Arthur AE. Dietary Fiber, Whole Grains, and Head and Neck Cancer Prognosis: Findings from a Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102304. [PMID: 31569808 PMCID: PMC6835374 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
No studies, to date, have examined the relationship between dietary fiber and recurrence or survival after head and neck cancer diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether pretreatment intake of dietary fiber or whole grains predicted recurrence and survival outcomes in newly diagnosed head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. This was a prospective cohort study of 463 participants baring a new head and neck cancer diagnosis who were recruited into the study prior to the initiation of any cancer therapy. Baseline (pre-treatment) dietary and clinical data were measured upon entry into the study cohort. Clinical outcomes were ascertained at annual medical reviews. Cox proportional hazard models were fit to examine the relationships between dietary fiber and whole grain intakes with recurrence and survival. There were 112 recurrence events, 121 deaths, and 77 cancer-related deaths during the study period. Pretreatment dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14–0.95, ptrend = 0.04). No statistically significant associations between whole grains and prognostic outcomes were found. We conclude that higher dietary fiber intake, prior to the initiation of treatment, may prolong survival time, in those with a new HNC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Maino Vieytes
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA.
| | - Zonggui Li
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Katie R Zarins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA.
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA.
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA.
| | - Anna E Arthur
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Carle Cancer Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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277
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Zhang Z, Mocanu V, Cai C, Dang J, Slater L, Deehan EC, Walter J, Madsen KL. Impact of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome-A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102291. [PMID: 31557953 PMCID: PMC6835402 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a gut microbial-modulation strategy that has been investigated for the treatment of a variety of human diseases, including obesity-associated metabolic disorders. This study appraises current literature and provides an overview of the effectiveness and limitations of FMT as a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). Five electronic databases and two gray literature sources were searched up to 10 December 2018. All interventional and observational studies that contained information on the relevant population (adult patients with obesity and MS), intervention (receiving allogeneic FMT) and outcomes (metabolic parameters) were eligible. From 1096 unique citations, three randomized placebo-controlled studies (76 patients with obesity and MS, body mass index = 34.8 ± 4.1 kg/m2, fasting plasma glucose = 5.8 ± 0.7 mmol/L) were included for review. Studies reported mixed results with regards to improvement in metabolic parameters. Two studies reported improved peripheral insulin sensitivity (rate of glucose disappearance, RD) at 6 weeks in patients receiving donor FMT versus patients receiving the placebo control. In addition, one study observed lower HbA1c levels in FMT patients at 6 weeks. No differences in fasting plasma glucose, hepatic insulin sensitivity, body mass index (BMI), or cholesterol markers were observed between two groups across all included studies. While promising, the influence of FMT on long-term clinical endpoints needs to be further explored. Future studies are also required to better understand the mechanisms through which changes in gut microbial ecology and engraftment of microbiota affect metabolic outcomes for patients with obesity and MS. In addition, further research is needed to better define the optimal fecal microbial preparation, dosing, and method of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxiao Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1 AB, Canada.
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- Division of General Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
| | - Chenxi Cai
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1 AB, Canada.
| | - Jerry Dang
- Division of General Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
| | - Linda Slater
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, ON, Canada.
| | - Edward C Deehan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1 AB, Canada.
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278
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Lewis G, Wang B, Shafiei Jahani P, Hurrell BP, Banie H, Aleman Muench GR, Maazi H, Helou DG, Howard E, Galle-Treger L, Lo R, Santosh S, Baltus A, Bongers G, San-Mateo L, Gilliland FD, Rehan VK, Soroosh P, Akbari O. Dietary Fiber-Induced Microbial Short Chain Fatty Acids Suppress ILC2-Dependent Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2051. [PMID: 31620118 PMCID: PMC6760365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 Innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) contribute significantly to allergic inflammation. However, the role of microbiota on ILC2s remains to be unraveled. Here we show that short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, derived from fermentation of dietary fibers by the gut microbiota inhibit pulmonary ILC2 functions and subsequent development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR). We further show that SCFAs modulate GATA3, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolytic metabolic pathways in pulmonary ILC2s. The observed phenotype is associated with increased IL-17a secretion by lung ILC2s and linked to enhanced neutrophil recruitment to the airways. Finally, we show that butyrate-producing gut bacteria in germ-free mice effectively suppress ILC2-driven AHR. Collectively, our results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for microbial-derived SCFAs on pulmonary ILC2s in the context of AHR. The data suggest strategies aimed at modulating metabolomics and microbiota in the gut, not only to treat, but to prevent lung inflammation and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Lewis
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pedram Shafiei Jahani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Hurrell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Homayon Banie
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Hadi Maazi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Doumet Georges Helou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Emily Howard
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lauriane Galle-Treger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Richard Lo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Swetha Santosh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Baltus
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Gerrold Bongers
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Lani San-Mateo
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Frank D. Gilliland
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Virender K. Rehan
- Division of Neonatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pejman Soroosh
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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279
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Hernáez Á, Estruch R. The Mediterranean Diet and Cancer: What Do Human and Molecular Studies Have to Say about It? Nutrients 2019; 11:E2155. [PMID: 31505794 PMCID: PMC6769497 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean diet (MD) is a well-known healthy dietary pattern, linked to: (1) high intakes of olive oil as main the culinary fat, plant-based foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, tree nuts, and seeds), and fish; and (2) a moderate consumption of white meat, eggs, dairy products such as yogurt and cheese, and wine always with meals [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Hernáez
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER of Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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280
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Yang T, Rodriguez V, Malphurs WL, Schmidt JT, Ahmari N, Sumners C, Martyniuk CJ, Zubcevic J. Butyrate regulates inflammatory cytokine expression without affecting oxidative respiration in primary astrocytes from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13732. [PMID: 30039527 PMCID: PMC6056753 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons and glia exhibit metabolic imbalances in hypertensive animal models, and loss of metabolic homeostasis can lead to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the microbial metabolite butyrate on mitochondrial bioenergetics and inflammatory markers in mixed brainstem and hypothalamic primary cultures of astrocytes between normotensive (Sprague-Dawley, S-D) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Bioenergetics of mitochondria in astrocytes from normotensive S-D rats were modified with butyrate, but this was not the case in astrocytes derived from SHR, suggesting aberrant mitochondrial function. Transcripts related to oxidative stress, butyrate transporters, butyrate metabolism, and neuroinflammation were quantified in astrocyte cultures treated with butyrate at 0, 200, 600, and 1000 μmol/L. Butyrate decreased catalase and monocarboxylate transporter 1 mRNA in astrocytes of S-D rats but not in the SHR. Moreover, while butyrate did not directly regulate the expression of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 in astrocytes of either strain, the expression levels for these transcripts in untreated cultures were lower in the SHR compared to S-D. We observed higher levels of specific inflammatory cytokines in astrocytes of SHR, and treatment with butyrate decreased expression of Ccl2 and Tlr4 in SHR astrocytes only. Conversely, butyrate treatment increased expression of tumor necrosis factor in astrocytes from SHR but not from the S-D rats. This study improves our understanding of the role of microbial metabolites in regulating astrocyte function, and provides support that butyrate differentially regulates both the bioenergetics and transcripts related to neuroinflammation in astrocytes from SHR versus S-D rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vermali Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Wendi L Malphurs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jordan T Schmidt
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Niousha Ahmari
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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281
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes a selection of epidemiologic research assessing the associations between carbohydrate intake and cancer incidence and survival. Evidence for plausible biological mechanisms is also considered. RECENT FINDINGS The mechanistic paradigm explaining the relationship between carbohydrates and cancer risk has been contested by numerous observational studies. Carbohydrates have conventionally been ascribed a deleterious role in the field of cancer research due to previous preclinical findings. A breadth of studies suggests that complex carbohydrate intake is inversely associated with risk of a number of cancer types. Data from studies assessing simple carbohydrates and cancer risk are mixed. Furthermore, recommendations for subsequent studies are framed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Maino Vieytes
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 S Goodwin Ave, 386 Bevier Hall, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hania M Taha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaig, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Amirah A Burton-Obanla
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 S Goodwin Ave, 386 Bevier Hall, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Katherine G Douglas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaig, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anna E Arthur
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 S Goodwin Ave, 386 Bevier Hall, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaig, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carle Cancer Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA.
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282
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McKnight LL, Doelman J, Carson M, Waterman DF, Metcalf JA. Feeding and postruminal infusion of calcium gluconate to lactating dairy cows. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie L. McKnight
- Trouw Nutrition Agresearch, Guelph, ON N1G4T2, Canada
- Trouw Nutrition Agresearch, Guelph, ON N1G4T2, Canada
| | - John Doelman
- Trouw Nutrition Agresearch, Guelph, ON N1G4T2, Canada
- Trouw Nutrition Agresearch, Guelph, ON N1G4T2, Canada
| | - Michelle Carson
- Trouw Nutrition Agresearch, Guelph, ON N1G4T2, Canada
- Trouw Nutrition Agresearch, Guelph, ON N1G4T2, Canada
| | - Douglas F. Waterman
- Trouw Nutrition Agresearch, Guelph, ON N1G4T2, Canada
- Trouw Nutrition Agresearch, Guelph, ON N1G4T2, Canada
| | - John A. Metcalf
- Trouw Nutrition Agresearch, Guelph, ON N1G4T2, Canada
- Trouw Nutrition Agresearch, Guelph, ON N1G4T2, Canada
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283
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Gu J, Huang W, Zhang W, Zhao T, Gao C, Gan W, Rao M, Chen Q, Guo M, Xu Y, Xu YH. Sodium butyrate alleviates high-glucose-induced renal glomerular endothelial cells damage via inhibiting pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105832. [PMID: 31473434 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently found that Sodium butyrate (NaB) possesses anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mouse model and in high-glucose induced mouse glomerular mesangial cells. Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death accompanied with the release of pro-inflammatory factors. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a novel discovered pivotal executive protein of pyroptosis, which can be cleaved by inflammatory caspases. The aim of our study is to verify if NaB have some effects against high-glucose induces pyroptosis in renal Glomerular endothelial cells (GECs). For this aim, human GECs were cultured and exposed to high-glucose. Exogenous NaB, caspase 1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CMK (A-Y-C) or knockdown GSDMD by siRNA were used. We found high glucose could increase Propidium Iodide (PI) positive cells and elevate release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and Interleukin 18 (IL-18); protein levels of GSDMD, GSDMD N-terminal domain (GSDMD-N) and cleaved-caspase-1 were also elevated. Effect of NaB on LDH release and PI positive cells was further enhanced by inhibiting caspase 1-GSDMD. In addition, high glucose-induced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/NF-κB inhibitor α (IκB-α) signaling pathway was reversed by NaB or A-Y-C administration. In conclusion, NaB could ameliorate high-glucose induced GECs via caspase1-GSDMD canonical pyroptosis pathway; and NF-κB/IκB-α signaling pathway was involved in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Chenlin Gao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wenjun Gan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Mingyue Rao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qing Chen
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Man Guo
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yong Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - You-Hua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao.
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284
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Blatchford PA, Parkar SG, Hopkins W, Ingram JR, Sutton KH. Dose-Dependent Alterations to In Vitro Human Microbiota Composition and Butyrate Inhibition by a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Hops Extract. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E390. [PMID: 31438572 PMCID: PMC6769549 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hop cones (Humulus lupulus L.) have been used throughout history as an additive in beer brewing and as herbal supplements with medicinal and culinary properties. The objective of this study was to ascertain the effect of a range of concentrations of a supercritical CO2 extract of hops on the composition and metabolism of human gut bacterial communities using in vitro batch culture systems. Fermentations were conducted over 24 h using a mixed human fecal inoculum. Microbial metabolism was assessed by measuring organic acid production and microbial community alterations were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Butyrate, an important short chain fatty acid in maintaining colonic well-being, decreased at elevated concentrations of hops, which may partly be accounted for by the concomitant reduction of Eubacterium and Coprococcus, known butyrate-producing genera, and also the inhibition of Bifidobacterium, a beneficial organism that has a butyrogenic effect through metabolic cross-feeding with intestinal commensals. The hops compounds also caused dose-dependent increases in the potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and potentially beneficial Akkermansia. Thus, hops compounds had a significant impact on the structure of the bacterial consortium, which warrants further study including human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Blatchford
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shanthi G Parkar
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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285
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Zhang Y, Sun Q, Li Z, Wang H, Li J, Wan X. Fermented soybean powder containing Bacillus subtilis SJLH001 protects against obesity in mice by improving transport function and inhibiting angiogenesis. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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286
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Zhou L, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Zheng J, Li M, Wang X, Deng M, Zhai X, Liu J. Gut microbiota might be a crucial factor in deciphering the metabolic benefits of perinatal genistein consumption in dams and adult female offspring. Food Funct 2019; 10:4505-4521. [PMID: 31348478 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01046g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Adverse early-life exposures program an increased risk of chronic metabolic diseases in adulthood. However, the effects of genistein consumption in early life on metabolic health are unclear. Our objective was to investigate whether perinatal genistein intake could mitigate the deleterious effects of a high-fat diet (HF) on metabolism in dams and female offspring and to explore the role of the gut microbiota in mediating the transgenerational effects. C57BL/6 female mice were fed a HF, HF with genistein (0.6 g kg-1 diet) or normal control diet for 3 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. The offspring had free access to normal diet from weaning to 24 weeks of age. A glucose tolerance test was performed and the levels of serum insulin and lipid were measured. The cecal contents were collected for 16s rDNA sequencing. The results showed that perinatal genistein intake could not only significantly reduce blood glucose levels, insulin and free fatty acids (FFA) in dams, but also improve glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and serum lipid profiles in adult female offspring. Significant enrichment of short-chain fatty acid (mainly butyrate)-producing bacteria might play crucial roles in deciphering the metabolic benefits of perinatal genistein intake in dams. The obvious decrease in harmful microorganisms and increase in Erysipelotrichaceae_incertae_sedis were associated with the protective effects of maternal genistein intake on female offspring. In addition, Bifidobacterium might be an important factor for deciphering the metabolic improvement in both dams and female offspring by dietary genistein. Overall, perinatal genistein intake attenuated the harmful effects of HF on metabolism in both dams and female offspring, and the protective effects were associated with the alterations in the gut microbiota, which provides new evidence and targets for mitigating the poor effects of adverse early-life exposures on metabolic health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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287
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Abstract
This review addresses novel approaches for influencing the transcriptome, the
epigenome, the microbiome, the proteome, and the energy metabolome. These innovations
help develop psychotropic medications which will directly reach the molecular
targets, leading to beneficial effects, and which will be individually adapted to
provide more efficacy and less toxicity. The series of advances described here show
that these once utopian goals for psychiatric treatment are now real themes of
research, indicating that the future path for psychopharmacology might not be as
narrow and grim as considered during the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Schulz
- Private practice as psychiatrist; Head of the Unit of Clinical Psychopharmacology (retired), Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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288
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Lu QY, Rasmussen AM, Yang J, Lee RP, Huang J, Shao P, Carpenter CL, Gilbuena I, Thames G, Henning SM, Heber D, Li Z. Mixed Spices at Culinary Doses Have Prebiotic Effects in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061425. [PMID: 31242596 PMCID: PMC6627368 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spices were used as food preservatives prior to the advent of refrigeration, suggesting the possibility of effects on microbiota. Previous studies have shown prebiotic activities in animals and in vitro, but there has not been a demonstration of prebiotic or postbiotic effects at culinary doses in humans. In this randomized placebo-controlled study, we determined in twenty-nine healthy adults the effects on the gut microbiota of the consumption daily of capsules containing 5 g of mixed spices at culinary doses by comparison to a matched control group consuming a maltodextrin placebo capsule. The 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing data were used for microbial characterization. Spice consumption resulted in a significant reduction in Firmicutes abundance (p < 0.033) and a trend of enrichment in Bacteroidetes (p < 0.097) compared to placebo group. Twenty-six operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were different between the spice and placebo groups after intervention. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between fecal short-chain fatty acid propionate concentration and Firmicutes abundance in spice intervention group (p < 0.04). The production of individual fecal short-chain fatty acid was not significantly changed by spice consumption in this study. Mixed spices consumption significantly modified gut microbiota, suggesting a prebiotic effect of spice consumption at culinary doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yi Lu
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Anna M Rasmussen
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jieping Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ru-Po Lee
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Paul Shao
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Catherine L Carpenter
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Irene Gilbuena
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Gail Thames
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - David Heber
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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289
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Meneses-Morales I, Izquierdo-Torres E, Flores-Peredo L, Rodríguez G, Hernández-Oliveras A, Zarain-Herzberg Á. Epigenetic regulation of the human ATP2A3 gene promoter in gastric and colon cancer cell lines. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:887-897. [PMID: 30657210 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about the role of calcium-regulated pathways in cancer cell growth and differentiation could be useful for the development of new therapeutic approaches to diminish its mortality. The ATP2A genes encode for SERCA pumps, which modulate cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, regulating various cellular processes including cell growth. ATP2A3 gene transcriptional down-regulation has been reported in gastric and colon cancer, but there is still a lack of understanding about the epigenetic processes regulating its transcription. In this work, we report that butyrate, trichostatin A, and 5-azacytidine treatments increase SERCA3 expression, increased apoptosis, and decreased cell viability of the KATO-III gastric carcinoma cell line. We analyzed the methylation profile of the ATP2A3 gene promoter CpG island, finding clones with methylated status through -280 to -135 promoter region, harboring Sp1 and AP-2 binding sites, which could have a role in transcriptional repression. Post-translational modifications of histones show a major role in the ATP2A3 transcriptional regulation, and our results show histones marks linked to transcriptional repression associated with the -262 to -135 region, this repressive context changed to transcriptional permissive through SERCA3 re-expressing conditions. These results suggest that the nucleotide sequence from -280 to -135 position is an ATP2A3 epigenetic regulatory CpG region in KATO-III cells. Analyses of online-databases show a decreased SERCA3 expression in gastric and colon tumors, as well as overall survival results, showed that high SERCA3 expression could serve as a favorable prognostic marker for colon and gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Meneses-Morales
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo Izquierdo-Torres
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Lucía Flores-Peredo
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Andrés Hernández-Oliveras
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Ángel Zarain-Herzberg
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
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290
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Moossavi S, Atakora F, Miliku K, Sepehri S, Robertson B, Duan QL, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Lefebvre DL, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Field CJ, Bode L, Khafipour E, Azad MB. Integrated Analysis of Human Milk Microbiota With Oligosaccharides and Fatty Acids in the CHILD Cohort. Front Nutr 2019; 6:58. [PMID: 31157227 PMCID: PMC6532658 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human milk contains many bioactive components that are typically studied in isolation, including bacteria. We performed an integrated analysis of human milk oligosaccharides and fatty acids to explore their associations with milk microbiota. Methods: We studied a sub-sample of 393 mothers in the CHILD birth cohort. Milk was collected at 3-4 months postpartum. Microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene V4 sequencing. Oligosaccharides and fatty acids were analyzed by rapid high-throughput high performance and gas liquid chromatography, respectively. Dimension reduction was performed with principal component analysis for oligosaccharides and fatty acids. Center log-ratio transformation was applied to all three components. Associations between components were assessed using Spearman rank correlation, network visualization, multivariable linear regression, redundancy analysis, and structural equation modeling. P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Key covariates were considered, including fucosyltransferase-2 (FUT2) secretor status of mother and infant, method of feeding (direct breastfeeding or pumped breast milk), and maternal fish oil supplement use. Results: Overall, correlations were strongest between milk components of the same type. For example, FUT2-dependent HMOs were positively correlated with each other, and Staphylococcus was negatively correlated with other core taxa. Some associations were also observed between components of different types. Using redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling, the overall milk fatty acid profile was significantly associated with milk microbiota composition. In addition, some individual fatty acids [22:6n3 (docosahexaenoic acid), 22:5n3, 20:5n3, 17:0, 18:0] and oligosaccharides (fucosyl-lacto-N-hexaose, lacto-N-hexaose, lacto-N-fucopentaose I) were associated with microbiota α diversity, while others (C18:0, 3'-sialyllactose, disialyl-lacto-N-tetraose) were associated with overall microbiota composition. Only a few significant associations between individual HMOs and microbiota were observed; notably, among mothers using breast pumps, Bifidobacterium prevalence was associated with lower abundances of disialyl-lacto-N-hexaose. Additionally, among non-secretor mothers, Staphylococcus was positively correlated with sialylated HMOs. Conclusion: Using multiple approaches to integrate and analyse milk microbiota, oligosaccharides, and fatty acids, we observed several associations between different milk components and microbiota, some of which were modified by secretor status and/or breastfeeding practices. Additional research is needed to further validate and mechanistically characterize these associations and determine their relevance to infant gut and respiratory microbiota development and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Moossavi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faisal Atakora
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kozeta Miliku
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shadi Sepehri
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bianca Robertson
- Department of Pediatrics and Larson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Qing Ling Duan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Allan B. Becker
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Stuart E. Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Theo J. Moraes
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Malcolm R. Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Larson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Meghan B. Azad
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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291
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do Prado SBR, Castro-Alves VC, Ferreira GF, Fabi JP. Ingestion of Non-digestible Carbohydrates From Plant-Source Foods and Decreased Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Review on the Biological Effects and the Mechanisms of Action. Front Nutr 2019; 6:72. [PMID: 31157230 PMCID: PMC6529955 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that links the increase in the intake of plant-source foods to a decrease in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has almost 50 years. Nowadays, systematic reviews and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies confirmed the association between dietary patterns and CRC risk, in which the non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) from plant-source foods are known to play beneficial effects. However, the mechanisms behind the physicochemical properties and biological effects induced by NDC on the decrease of CRC development and progression remain not fully understood. NDC from plant-source foods consist mainly of complex carbohydrates from plant cell wall including pectin and hemicellulose, which vary among foods in structure and in composition, therefore in both physicochemical properties and biological effects. In the present review, we highlighted the mechanisms and described the recent findings showing how these complex NDC from plant-source foods are related to a decrease in CRC risk through induction of both physicochemical effects in the gastrointestinal tract, fermentation-related effects, and direct effects resulting from the interaction between NDC and cellular components including toll-like receptors and galectin-3. Studies support that the definition of the structure-function relationship-especially regarding the fermentation-related effects of NDC, as well as the direct effects of these complex carbohydrates in cells-is crucial for understanding the possible NDC anticancer effects. The dietary recommendations for the intake of NDC are usually quantitative, describing a defined amount of intake per day. However, as NDC from plant-source foods can exert effects that vary widely according to the NDC structure, the dietary recommendations for the intake of NDC plant-source foods are expected to change from a quantitative to a qualitative perspective in the next few years, as occurred for lipid recommendations. Thus, further studies are necessary to define whether specific and well-characterized NDC from plant-source foods induce beneficial effects related to a decrease in CRC risk, thereby improving nutritional recommendations of healthy individuals and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Bernardino Ramos do Prado
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Costa Castro-Alves
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Fernandez Ferreira
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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292
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Prentice PM, Schoemaker MH, Vervoort J, Hettinga K, Lambers TT, van Tol EAF, Acerini CL, Olga L, Petry CJ, Hughes IA, Koulman A, Ong KK, Dunger DB. Human Milk Short-Chain Fatty Acid Composition is Associated with Adiposity Outcomes in Infants. J Nutr 2019; 149:716-722. [PMID: 31050748 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presumed benefits of human milk (HM) in avoiding rapid infancy weight gain and later obesity could relate to its nutrient composition. However, data on breast milk composition and its relation with growth are sparse. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), known to be present in HM and linked to energy metabolism, are associated with infancy anthropometrics. METHODS In a prospective birth cohort, HM hindmilk samples were collected from 619 lactating mothers at 4-8 wk postnatally [median (IQR) age: 33.9 (31.3-36.5) y, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2): 22.8 (20.9-25.2)]. Their offspring, born at 40.1 (39.1-41.0) wk gestation with weight 3.56 (3.22-3.87) kg and 51% male, were assessed with measurement of weight, length, and skinfold thickness at ages 3, 12, and 24 mo, and transformed to age- and sex-adjusted z scores. HM SCFAs were measured by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and GC-MS. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to analyze the relations between NMR HM SCFAs and infancy growth parameters with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS NMR peaks for HM butyrate, acetate, and formic acid, but not propionate, were detected. Butyrate peaks were 17.8% higher in HM from exclusively breastfeeding mothers than mixed-feeding mothers (P = 0.003). HM butyrate peak values were negatively associated with changes in infant weight (standardized B = -0.10, P = 0.019) and BMI (B = -0.10, P = 0.018) between 3 and 12 mo, and negatively associated with BMI (B = -0.10, P = 0.018) and mean skinfold thickness (B = -0.10, P = 0.049) at age 12 mo. HM formic acid peak values showed a consistent negative association with infant BMI at all time points (B < = -0.10, P < = 0.014), whereas HM acetate was negatively associated with skinfold thickness at 3 mo (B = -0.10, P = 0.028) and 24 mo (B = -0.10, P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HM SCFAs play a beneficial role in weight gain and adiposity during infancy. Further knowledge of HM SCFA function may inform future strategies to support healthy growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa M Prentice
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jacques Vervoort
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Tim T Lambers
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric A F van Tol
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo L Acerini
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laurentya Olga
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Clive J Petry
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ieuan A Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken K Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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293
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Kurata N, Tokashiki N, Fukushima K, Misao T, Hasuoka N, Kitagawa K, Mashimo M, Regan JW, Murayama T, Fujino H. Short chain fatty acid butyrate uptake reduces expressions of prostanoid EP 4 receptors and their mediation of cyclooxygenase-2 induction in HCA-7 human colon cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:308-315. [PMID: 30980797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are known to maintain gut homeostasis, by the fermentation of dietary fiber in the human colon. Among SCFAs, butyrate has been considered as the most physiologically effective SCFA in colorectal epithelial cells for growth and differentiation. Here we show that the E-type prostanoid 4 (EP4) receptor expression level is regulated by different concentrations of butyrate, but not by other SCFAs, in human colon cancer HCA-7 cells, through sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter-1 (SMCT-1)-mediated uptake followed by the activation of histone acetyltransferase: cAMP response element binding protein-binding protein/p300. Of particular interest, the prostanoid EP4 receptors are known to be expressed in normal colorectal crypt epithelial cells and maintain intestinal homeostasis by preserving mucosal integrity, while they are also known to be involved in the early stage of carcinogenesis. Thus, the links between butyrate and the expression of prostanoid EP4 receptors are both important factors for maintaining homeostasis. Based on in silico analysis, almost half of colorectal cancer tissues have lost the expression of SMCT-1 mRNA when compared with healthy corresponding tissues. Therefore, with the collapse of homeostasis systems such as a decrease in the concentration of butyrate in colorectal tissues, or reduced butyrate uptake, there is a possibility of early stage colorectal cancer development; the transformation of normal cells to the cancerous phenotype may be due to the overexpression of prostanoid EP4 receptors followed by excessive cyclooxygenase-2 induction, which are caused by a reduced amount of butyrate and/or its uptake, in/around colorectal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kurata
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan; Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Natsumi Tokashiki
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Keijo Fukushima
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Takaya Misao
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Nanae Hasuoka
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kana Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masato Mashimo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, 610-0311, Japan
| | - John W Regan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0207, USA
| | - Toshihiko Murayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Fujino
- Department of Pharmacology for Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
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294
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Klement RJ, Pazienza V. Impact of Different Types of Diet on Gut Microbiota Profiles and Cancer Prevention and Treatment. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E84. [PMID: 30934960 PMCID: PMC6524347 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
: Diet is frequently considered as a food regimen focused on weight loss, while it is actually the sum of food consumed by the organism. Western diets, modern lifestyle, sedentary behaviors, smoking habits, and drug consumption have led to a significant reduction of gut microbial diversity, which is linked to many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The latter kill 40 million people each year, equivalent to more than 70% of all deaths globally. Among NCDs, tumors play a major role, being responsible for 29% of deaths from NCDs. A link between diet, microbiota, and cancer prevention and treatment has recently been unveiled, underlining the importance of a new food culture based on limiting dietary surplus and on preferring healthier foods. Here, we review the effects of some of the most popular "cancer-specific" diets on microbiota composition and their potential impact on cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer J Klement
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 97422 Schweinfurt, Germany.
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Gastroenterology Unit IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Hospital San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy.
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295
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296
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Han ZL, Yang M, Fu XD, Chen M, Su Q, Zhao YH, Mou HJ. Evaluation of Prebiotic Potential of Three Marine Algae Oligosaccharides from Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E173. [PMID: 30889794 PMCID: PMC6471770 DOI: 10.3390/md17030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AlgO), agarose oligosaccharides (AO), and κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides (KCO) were obtained by specific enzymatic hydrolysis method. The molecular weight distributions of the three oligosaccharides were 1.0⁻5.0 kDa, 0.4⁻1.4 kDa, and 1.0⁻7.0 kDa, respectively. The culture medium was supplemented with the three oligosaccharides and fermented by pig fecal microbiota in vitro, for 24 h. Each oligosaccharide was capable of increasing the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyric acid, and altering the microbiota composition. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis results showed that the opportunistic pathogenic bacteria Escherichia, Shigella, and Peptoniphilus, were significantly decreased in AlgO supplemented medium. AO could improve the gut microbiota composition by enriching the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Coprococcus, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium. Besides, KCO could increase the abundance of SCFA microbial producers and opportunistic pathogenic flora. Therefore, these results indicate that AlgO and AO can be used as gut microbial regulators and can potentially improve animal/human gastrointestinal health and prevent gut disease, whereas the physiological function of KCO needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Lian Han
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Min Yang
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiao-Dan Fu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qian Su
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yuan-Hui Zhao
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hai-Jin Mou
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Zeng H, Umar S, Rust B, Lazarova D, Bordonaro M. Secondary Bile Acids and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon: A Focus on Colonic Microbiome, Cell Proliferation, Inflammation, and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051214. [PMID: 30862015 PMCID: PMC6429521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary bile acids (BAs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), two major types of bacterial metabolites in the colon, cause opposing effects on colonic inflammation at chronically high physiological levels. Primary BAs play critical roles in cholesterol metabolism, lipid digestion, and host–microbe interaction. Although BAs are reabsorbed via enterohepatic circulation, primary BAs serve as substrates for bacterial biotransformation to secondary BAs in the colon. High-fat diets increase secondary BAs, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), which are risk factors for colonic inflammation and cancer. In contrast, increased dietary fiber intake is associated with anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. These effects may be due to the increased production of the SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate during dietary fiber fermentation in the colon. Elucidation of the molecular events by which secondary BAs and SCFAs regulate colonic cell proliferation and inflammation will lead to a better understanding of the anticancer potential of dietary fiber in the context of high-fat diet-related colon cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge concerning the effects of secondary BAs and SCFAs on the proliferation of colon epithelial cells, inflammation, cancer, and the associated microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zeng
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Bret Rust
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
| | - Darina Lazarova
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA.
| | - Michael Bordonaro
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA.
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298
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González-Hernández LA, Ruiz-Briseño MDR, Sánchez-Reyes K, Alvarez-Zavala M, Vega-Magaña N, López-Iñiguez A, Díaz-Ramos JA, Martínez-Ayala P, Soria-Rodriguez RA, Ramos-Solano M, Andrade-Villanueva JF. Alterations in bacterial communities, SCFA and biomarkers in an elderly HIV-positive and HIV-negative population in western Mexico. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:234. [PMID: 30845929 PMCID: PMC6407185 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of stool microbiota has taken great relevance in the last years, given its role in the maintenance of the intestinal metabolic, physiological, and immunological homeostasis, as well as, its effect over HIV biomarkers levels such as CD4/CD8 ratio, high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), related to poor outcomes (rapid progression to AIDS). Several efforts have been made to characterize the gut microbiome. In HIV infection, most of the studies report the presence of a dysbiotic pattern; however, few of them have made an approach in elderly HIV-positive subjects despite the fact that nowadays this subgroup is rising. In this study, we compared the composition of faecal microbiota, Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs), and systemic biomarkers between elderly HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 18 HIV-negative controls and 20 HIV-positive patients. The quantification of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli, Clostridium leptum, Clostridium coccoides was performed in faecal samples by qPCR. The analysis was performed by calculating the ΔCq of each microorganism using 16S rDNA as a reference gene. Faecal SCFAs were measured by HPLC. The hs-CRP and sCD14 were performed by ELISA. RESULTS An increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, coupled with a significant increase in the proteobacteria phylum was detected in HIV-positive subjects. In contrast, a decrease in the Clostridium leptum group was observed. Nevertheless, these elderly HIV-positive patients showed higher levels of total SCFAs mainly by an augmented propionic acid values, compared to HIV-negative subjects. Whereas high levels of hs-CRP were positively correlated with sCD14 in the HIV-positive group. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in bacterial communities reveals a dysbiotic state related to an unbalance of faecal SCFAs. Therefore, these intestinal conditions might drive an increase of poor prognostic biomarkers in elderly HIV-positive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz A González-Hernández
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,HIV Unit Department, University Hospital "Fray Antonio Alcalde", University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mariana Del Rocio Ruiz-Briseño
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Molecular Biology in Medicine Ph. D. program, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Karina Sánchez-Reyes
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Alvarez-Zavala
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Natali Vega-Magaña
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alvaro López-Iñiguez
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Julio A Díaz-Ramos
- Geriatric Department, Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Pedro Martínez-Ayala
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,HIV Unit Department, University Hospital "Fray Antonio Alcalde", University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - R A Soria-Rodriguez
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Moises Ramos-Solano
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Jaime F Andrade-Villanueva
- HIV and Immunodeficiencies Research Institute, Clinical Medicine Department, CUCS-University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. .,HIV Unit Department, University Hospital "Fray Antonio Alcalde", University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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299
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Moossavi S, Bishehsari F. Microbes: possible link between modern lifestyle transition and the rise of metabolic syndrome. Obes Rev 2019; 20:407-419. [PMID: 30548384 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid decrease in infectious diseases globally has coincided with an increase in the prevalence of obesity and other components of metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance is a common feature of metabolic syndrome and can be influenced by genetic and non-genetic/environmental factors. The emergence of metabolic syndrome epidemics over only a few decades suggests a more prominent role of the latter. Changes in our environment and lifestyle have indeed paralleled the rise in metabolic syndrome. Gastrointestinal tract microbiota, the composition of which plays a significant role in host physiology, including metabolism and energy homeostasis, are distinctly different within the context of metabolic syndrome. Among humans, recent lifestyle-related changes could be linked to changes in diversity and composition of 'ancient' microbiota. Given the co-adaptation and co-evolution of microbiota with the immune system over a long period of time, it is plausible that such lifestyle-related microbiota changes could trigger aberrant immune responses, thereby predisposing an individual to a variety of diseases. Here, we review current evidence supporting a role for gut microbiota in the ongoing rise of metabolic syndrome. We conclude that population-level shifts in microbiota can play a mediatory role between lifestyle factors and pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moossavi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - F Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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300
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Moujaber O, Fishbein F, Omran N, Liang Y, Colmegna I, Presley JF, Stochaj U. Cellular senescence is associated with reorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1169-1183. [PMID: 30599068 PMCID: PMC11105446 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells undergo structural and functional changes that affect essentially every aspect of cell physiology. To date, the impact of senescence on the cytoskeleton is poorly understood. This study evaluated the cytoskeleton in two independent cellular models of kidney epithelium senescence. Our work identified multiple senescence-related alterations that impact microtubules and filamentous actin during interphase. Both filamentous systems reorganized profoundly when cells became senescent. As such, microtubule stability increased during senescence, making these filaments more resistant to disassembly in the cold or by nocodazole. Microtubule stabilization was accompanied by enhanced α-tubulin acetylation on lysine 40 and the depletion of HDAC6, the major deacetylase for α-tubulin lysine 40. Rho-associated kinase Rock1 is an upstream regulator that modulates key properties of the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton. Our research shows that Rock1 concentrations were reduced significantly in senescent cells, and we revealed a mechanistic link between microtubule stabilization and Rock1 depletion. Thus, Rock1 overexpression partially restored the cold sensitivity of microtubules in cells undergoing senescence. Additional components relevant to microtubules were affected by senescence. Specifically, we uncovered the senescence-related loss of the microtubule nucleating protein γ-tubulin and aberrant formation of γ-tubulin foci. Concomitant with the alterations of microtubule and actin filaments, senescent cells displayed functional changes. In particular, cell migration was impaired significantly in senescent cells. Taken together, our study identified new senescence-associated deficiencies of the microtubule and actin cytoskeleton, provided insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms and demonstrated functional consequences that are important to the physiology and function of renal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossama Moujaber
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Nawal Omran
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Inés Colmegna
- Department of Rheumatology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - John F Presley
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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