301
|
Simó R, Sáez-López C, Barbosa-Desongles A, Hernández C, Selva DM. Novel insights in SHBG regulation and clinical implications. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:376-83. [PMID: 26044465 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is produced and secreted by the liver into the bloodstream where it binds sex steroids and regulates their bioavailability. Traditionally, body mass index (BMI) was thought to be the major determinant of SHBG concentrations and hyperinsulinemia the main cause for low SHBG levels found in obesity. However, no mechanisms have ever been described. Emerging evidence now shows that liver fat content rather than BMI is a strong determinant of circulating SHBG. In this review we discuss evidence demonstrating that insulin might not regulate SHBG production, describe putative molecular mechanisms by which proinflammatory cytokines downregulate SHBG, and comment on recent findings suggesting dietary SHBG regulation. Finally, clinical implications of all of these findings and future perspectives are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Sáez-López
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Barbosa-Desongles
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David M Selva
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERDEM (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
302
|
Vashist SK, Schneider EM, Luong JH. A rapid sandwich immunoassay for human fetuin A using agarose-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified microtiter plate. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 883:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
303
|
Kim KH, Lee MS. FGF21 as a mediator of adaptive responses to stress and metabolic benefits of anti-diabetic drugs. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:R1-16. [PMID: 26116622 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most hormones secreted from specific organs of the body in response to diverse stimuli contribute to the homeostasis of the whole organism. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone induced by a variety of environmental or metabolic stimuli, plays a crucial role in the adaptive response to these stressful conditions. In addition to its role as a stress hormone, FGF21 appears to function as a mediator of the therapeutic effects of currently available drugs and those under development for treatment of metabolic diseases. In this review, we highlight molecular mechanisms and the functional importance of FGF21 induction in response to diverse stress conditions such as changes of nutritional status, cold exposure, and exercise. In addition, we describe recent findings regarding the role of FGF21 in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes associated with obesity, liver diseases, pancreatitis, muscle atrophy, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic nephropathy. Finally, we discuss the current understanding of the actions of FGF21 as a crucial regulator mediating beneficial metabolic effects of therapeutic agents such as metformin, glucagon/glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues, thiazolidinedione, sirtuin 1 activators, and lipoic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kook Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Research InstituteDepartment of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Research InstituteDepartment of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea Severance Biomedical Research InstituteDepartment of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
304
|
Vashist SK, Schneider EM, Luong JHT. Surface plasmon resonance-based immunoassay for human fetuin A. Analyst 2015; 139:2237-42. [PMID: 24652275 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a highly-sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based immunoassay (IA) for human fetuin A (HFA), a specific biomarker for atherosclerosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The assay is based on a novel immobilization procedure that simply involves the dilution of an anti-HFA capture antibody (Ab) in 1% (v/v) 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), followed by its dispensing on a KOH-treated gold (Au)-coated SPR chip and incubation for 30 min. The developed SPR IA detected 0.3-20 ng mL(-1) of HFA with a limit of detection and sensitivity of 0.7 ng mL(-1) and 1 ng mL(-1), respectively. The highly-simplified Ab immobilization procedure is also 5-fold more rapid than conventional procedures. It leads to the leach-proof binding of the capture Ab, which means that the developed SPR IA is highly cost-effective, as the Ab-bound SPR chip could be reused for many repeated HFA IAs after regeneration with 10 mM glycine-HCl, pH 2.0. The Ab-bound SPR chip, stored at 4 °C, lost only 18% of its original activity after 4 months. For the detection of HFA spiked in diluted human whole blood and plasma, the results obtained by the developed SPR IA agreed well with the commercial HFA sandwich ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Vashist
- HSG-IMIT - Institut für Mikro - und Informationstechnik, Georges-Koehler Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
305
|
Park SE, Park CY, Sweeney G. Biomarkers of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance: Past, present and future. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 52:180-90. [PMID: 26042993 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1023429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in insulin target tissues including liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is an early step in the progression towards type 2 diabetes. Accurate diagnostic parameters reflective of insulin resistance are essential. Longstanding tests for fasting blood glucose and HbA1c are useful and although the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp remains a "gold standard" for accurately determining insulin resistance, it cannot be implemented on a routine basis. The study of adipokines, and more recently myokines and hepatokines, as potential biomarkers for insulin sensitivity is now an attractive and relatively straightforward approach. This review discusses potential biomarkers including adiponectin, RBP4, chemerin, A-FABP, FGF21, fetuin-A, myostatin, IL-6, and irisin, all of which may play significant roles in determining insulin sensitivity. We also review potential future directions of new biological markers for measuring insulin resistance, including metabolomics and gut microbiome. Collectively, these approaches will provide clinicians with the tools for more accurate, and perhaps personalized, diagnosis of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun Park
- a Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine , Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
306
|
Song Y, Huang YT, Song Y, Hevener AL, Ryckman KK, Qi L, LeBlanc ES, Kazlauskaite R, Brennan KM, Liu S. Birthweight, mediating biomarkers and the development of type 2 diabetes later in life: a prospective study of multi-ethnic women. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1220-30. [PMID: 25567102 PMCID: PMC5947951 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this work was to investigate the prospective relationship between low birthweight (LBW) and type 2 diabetes risk later in life and the mediation effects of type 2 diabetes biomarkers linking LBW to type 2 diabetes risk. METHODS We measured baseline plasma concentrations of various type 2 diabetes biomarkers in 1,259 incident type 2 diabetes cases and 1,790 controls in the Women's Health Initiative-Observational Study. Self-report birthweights of the participants were recorded. The total effect of LBW on type 2 diabetes risk was partitioned into effects that were mediated by a specific biomarker and effects that were not mediated by this biomarker, using counterfactual model-based mediation analysis. RESULTS LBW was significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Compared with women with birthweight 3.63-4.54 kg, women with LBW (<2.72 kg) had a multivariable-adjusted OR of 2.15 (95% CI, 1.54, 3.00). Insulin resistance (indicated by HOMA-IR) mediated 47% of the total effect. Decreased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentration accounted for 24%, elevated E-selectin concentration accounted for 25% and increased systolic blood pressure accounted for 8% of the total effect of LBW on type 2 diabetes risk. (Due to interactions among different mediators, the sum of each individual mediator's contribution could exceed 100%, without an upper limit.) CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION LBW is directly predictive of higher risk of type 2 diabetes later in life. The effect of LBW on type 2 diabetes risk seems mainly mediated by insulin resistance, which is further explained by circulating levels of SHBG and E-selectin and systolic blood pressure. The study provides potential risk stratification in a population at greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
307
|
Velloso LA, Folli F, Saad MJ. TLR4 at the Crossroads of Nutrients, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolic Inflammation. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:245-71. [PMID: 25811237 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by the activation of low-grade inflammatory activity in metabolically relevant tissues. Studies have shown that obesity-associated insulin resistance results from the inflammatory targeting and inhibition of key proteins of the insulin-signaling pathway. At least three apparently distinct mechanisms-endoplasmic reticulum stress, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation, and changes in gut microbiota-have been identified as triggers of obesity-associated metabolic inflammation; thus, they are expected to represent potential targets for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. Here, we review the data that place TLR4 in the center of the events that connect the consumption of dietary fats with metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance. Changes in the gut microbiota can lead to reduced integrity of the intestinal barrier, leading to increased leakage of lipopolysaccharides and fatty acids, which can act upon TLR4 to activate systemic inflammation. Fatty acids can also trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress, which can be further stimulated by cross talk with active TLR4. Thus, the current data support a connection among the three main triggers of metabolic inflammation, and TLR4 emerges as a link among all of these mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licio A Velloso
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.A.V., F.F., M.J.S.), University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas SP, Brazil; and Department of Medicine (F.F.), Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Franco Folli
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.A.V., F.F., M.J.S.), University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas SP, Brazil; and Department of Medicine (F.F.), Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Mario J Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine (L.A.V., F.F., M.J.S.), University of Campinas, 13084-970 Campinas SP, Brazil; and Department of Medicine (F.F.), Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| |
Collapse
|
308
|
Jacobs S, Jäger S, Jansen E, Peter A, Stefan N, Boeing H, Schulze MB, Kröger J. Associations of Erythrocyte Fatty Acids in the De Novo Lipogenesis Pathway with Proxies of Liver Fat Accumulation in the EPIC-Potsdam Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127368. [PMID: 25984792 PMCID: PMC4435749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarker fatty acids (FAs) reflecting de novo lipogenesis (DNL) are strongly linked to the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Liver fat accumulation could mediate this relation. There is very limited data from human population-based studies that have examined this relation. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between specific FAs in the DNL pathway and liver fat accumulation in a large population-based study. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a subsample (n = 1,562) of the EPIC-Potsdam study, which involves 27,548 middle-aged men and women. Baseline blood samples have been analyzed for proportions of 32 FAs in erythrocyte membranes (determined by gas chromatography) and biomarker concentrations in plasma. As indicators for DNL, the DNL-index (16:0 / 18:2n-6) and proportions of individual blood FAs in the DNL pathway were used. Plasma parameters associated with liver fat content (fetuin-A, ALT, and GGT) and the algorithm-based fatty liver index (FLI) were used to reflect liver fat accumulation. Results The DNL-index tended to be positively associated with the FLI and was positively associated with GGT activity in men (p for trend: 0.12 and 0.003). Proportions of 14:0 and 16:0 in erythrocytes were positively associated with fetuin-A, whereas 16:1n-7 were positively associated with the FLI and GGT activity (all p for trends in both sexes at least 0.004). Furthermore, the proportion of 16:1n-7 was positively related to fetuin-A in women and ALT activity in men (all p for trend at least 0.03). The proportion of 16:1n-9 showed positive associations with the FLI and GGT activity in men and fetuin-A in both sexes, whereas 18:1n-7 was positively associated with GGT activity in men (all p for trend at least 0.048). Conclusion Findings from this large epidemiological study suggest that liver fat accumulation could link erythrocyte FAs in the DNL pathway to the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Jacobs
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Eugene Jansen
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Peter
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nephrology, Vascular Disease, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of the Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Janine Kröger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
309
|
Jialal I, Devaraj S, Bettaieb A, Haj F, Adams-Huet B. Increased adipose tissue secretion of Fetuin-A, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and high-mobility group box protein 1 in metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:130-7. [PMID: 25978344 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose Tissue (AT) dysregulation contributes to the pro-inflammatory state and insulin resistance of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). We examined AT secretion of the hepatokine, Fetuin-A, LBP, sCD14 and HMGB-1, and toll-like receptor 2 and 4 protein levels in MetS and controls. DESIGN AND METHODS Secreted levels of Fetuin-A, LBP, HMGB-1 and sCD14 and TLR2 and TLR4 protein in AT of controls and MetS patients were assayed. Also mRNA and protein for Fetuin-A, LBP, sCD14 and HMGB-1 were studied in subcutaneous fat depot of mice and during adipocyte differentiation. RESULTS Secretion of Fetuin-A, LBP and HMGB-1 from AT were significantly increased in MetS (n = 28) compared to controls (n = 25), even after adjustment for adiposity. There were no significant differences in sCD14. Both LBP and Fetuin-A correlated significantly with HOMA-IR and increased significantly with increasing features of MetS. There was a significant increase in AT TLR2 and TLR4 protein in MetS compared to controls. Expression of Fetuin-A and LBP were significantly higher in subcutaneous white adipose tissue of HFD fed mice as well as in ob/ob mice compared to C57BL6/J control mice (n = 6 per group). Additionally mRNA and protein levels of FetA, LBP and HMGB-1 increased during differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS We make the novel observation of increased secretion of Fetuin A, LBP and HMGB-1 from AT and hypothesize that these engage TLRs in AT and other tissues contributing to the pro-inflammatory state and insulin resistance of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarlal Jialal
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, Department of Pathology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA; Medical Services, VA Medical Center, Mather, CA, USA.
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Fawaz Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Beverley Adams-Huet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
310
|
Luo D, Liu F, Li X, Yin D, Lin Z, Liu H, Hou X, Wang C, Jia W. Comparison of the effect of 'metabolically healthy but obese' and 'metabolically abnormal but not obese' phenotypes on development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Chinese. Endocrine 2015; 49:130-8. [PMID: 25312689 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of 'metabolically healthy but obese' (MHO) and 'metabolically abnormal but not obese' (MANO) phenotypes in Chinese population, and to investigate the association of these two phenotypes with the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A total of 2,764 subjects aged 30-90 were followed up over a mean period of 43.80 ± 11.25 months. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the joint committee for developing Chinese guidelines on prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults. Subjects with body fat percentage (BF %) >25 % for men or BF % >35 % for women were defined as being obese. The proportion of MHO and MANO phenotypes were 22.9, 7.6 % in men, and 26.2, 6.0 % in women, respectively. The MANO phenotype was associated with increased risk for diabetes both in men [hazard ratios (HR): 4.44 (1.21-16.26)] and women [HR: 8.68 (2.87-24.96)] after adjustment of age, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and family history of diabetes. This association held for CVD in women [HR: 2.87 (1.44-5.73)], but not in men after adjustment of age, serum TC, TG, and family history of CVD. No association was observed between the MHO phenotype and incident diabetes or CVD. MHO and MANO phenotypes are common in Chinese population. Metabolic risk factors appeared to play a more important role in the development of diabetes and CVD than body fat alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deng Luo
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
311
|
Rapid sandwich ELISA-based in vitro diagnostic procedure for the highly-sensitive detection of human fetuin A. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:73-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
312
|
Chan SMH, Zeng XY, Sun RQ, Jo E, Zhou X, Wang H, Li S, Xu A, Watt MJ, Ye JM. Fenofibrate insulates diacylglycerol in lipid droplet/ER and preserves insulin signaling transduction in the liver of high fat fed mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1511-9. [PMID: 25906681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is often associated with insulin resistance as a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome in the liver. The present study investigated the effects of PPARα activation induced by fenofibrate (FB) on the relationship of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet, which increases lipid influx into the liver. Mice were fed HF diet to induce insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis with or without FB. FB activated PPARα and ameliorated HF diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin resistance without altering either hepatic steatosis or inflammation signaling (JNK or IKK). Interestingly, FB treatment simultaneously increased fatty acid (FA) synthesis (50%) and oxidation (66%, both p<0.01) into intermediate lipid metabolites, suggesting a FA oxidation-synthesis cycling in operation. Associated with these effects, diacylglycerols (DAGs) were sequestered within the lipid droplet/ER compartment, thus reducing their deposition in the cellular membrane, which is known to impair insulin signal transduction. These findings suggest that the reduction in membrane DAGs (rather than total hepatic steatosis) may be critical for the protection by fenofibrate-induced PPARα activation against hepatic insulin resistance induced by dietary fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M H Chan
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiao-Yi Zeng
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruo-Qiong Sun
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eunjung Jo
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiu Zhou
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Songpei Li
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- Lipid Biology and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
313
|
Anjani K, Lhomme M, Sokolovska N, Poitou C, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Bouillot JL, Lesnik P, Bedossa P, Kontush A, Clement K, Dugail I, Tordjman J. Circulating phospholipid profiling identifies portal contribution to NASH signature in obesity. J Hepatol 2015; 62:905-12. [PMID: 25450212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning with fibrosis in severe cases, and high prevalence in obesity. We aimed at defining NASH signature in morbid obesity by mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analysis. METHODS We analyzed systemic blood before and 12 months after bariatric surgery, along with portal blood and adipose tissue lipid efflux collected from obese women at the time of surgery (9 structural classes, 150 species). RESULTS Increased concentrations of several glycerophosphocholines (PC), glycerophosphoethanolamines (PE), glycerophosphoinositols (PI), glycerophosphoglycerols (PG), lyso-glycerophosphocholines (LPC), and ceramides (Cer) were detected in systemic circulation of NASH subjects. Post-surgery weight loss (12 months) improved the levels of liver enzymes, as well as several lipids, but most PG and Cer species remained elevated. Analysis of lipids from hepatic portal system at the time of surgery revealed limited lipid alterations compared to systemic circulation, but PG and PE classes were found significantly increased in NASH subjects. We evaluated the contribution of visceral adipose tissue to lipid alterations in portal circulation by measuring adipose tissue lipid efflux ex vivo, and observed only minor alterations in NASH subjects. Interestingly, integration of clinical and lipidomic data (portal and systemic) led us to define a NASH signature in which lipids and clinical parameters are equal contributors. CONCLUSIONS Circulatory (portal and systemic) phospholipid profiling and clinical data defines NASH signature in morbid obesity. We report weak contribution of visceral adipose tissue to NASH-related portal lipid alterations, suggesting possible contribution from other organs draining into hepatic portal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Anjani
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie Lhomme
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nataliya Sokolovska
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Bouillot
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Ambroise Pare Hospital, Surgery Department, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Dyslipidemia, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Dyslipidemia. Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Team, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Beaujon Hospital, Pathology Department, Clichy, France; Centre de Recherche Bichat-Beaujon, INSERM U773, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Dyslipidemia, Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Dyslipidemia. Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Team, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Karine Clement
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Joan Tordjman
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S 1166 I, ICAN, Nutriomics Team, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics Team, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
314
|
Byrne CD, Targher G. NAFLD: a multisystem disease. J Hepatol 2015; 62:S47-64. [PMID: 25920090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1866] [Impact Index Per Article: 207.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries that is predicted to become also the most frequent indication for liver transplantation by 2030. Over the last decade, it has been shown that the clinical burden of NAFLD is not only confined to liver-related morbidity and mortality, but there is now growing evidence that NAFLD is a multisystem disease, affecting extra-hepatic organs and regulatory pathways. For example, NAFLD increases risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular (CVD) and cardiac diseases, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the primary liver pathology in NAFLD affects hepatic structure and function to cause morbidity and mortality from cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma, the majority of deaths among NAFLD patients are attributable to CVD. This narrative review focuses on the rapidly expanding body of clinical evidence that supports the concept of NAFLD as a multisystem disease. The review discusses the factors involved in the progression of liver disease in NAFLD and the factors linking NAFLD with other extra-hepatic chronic diseases, such as T2DM, CVD, cardiac diseases and CKD. The review will not discuss NAFLD treatments as these are discussed elsewhere in this issue of the Journal. For this review, PubMed was searched for articles using the keywords "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" or "fatty liver" combined with "diabetes", "cardiovascular (or cardiac) disease", "cardiovascular mortality" or "chronic kidney disease" between 1990 and 2014. Articles published in languages other than English were excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Southampton National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
315
|
Narasimhan A, Chinnaiyan M, Karundevi B. Ferulic acid exerts its antidiabetic effect by modulating insulin-signalling molecules in the liver of high-fat diet and fructose-induced type-2 diabetic adult male rat. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015. [PMID: 26201855 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic phytochemical known for its antidiabetic property The present study is designed to evaluate the mechanism behind its antidiabetic property in high-fat and fructose-induced type 2 diabetic adult male rats. Animals were divided into 5 groups: (i) control, (ii) diabetic control, (iii) diabetic animals treated with FA (50 mg/(kg body weight · day)(-1), orally) for 30 days, (iv) diabetic animals treated with metformin (50 mg/(kg body weight · day)(-1), orally) for 30 days, and (v) control rats treated with FA. FA treatment to diabetic animals restored blood glucose, serum insulin, glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance to normal range. Hepatic glycogen concentration, activity of glycogen synthase, and glucokinase were significantly decreased, whereas activity of glycogen phosphorylase and enzymes of gluconeogenesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase)) were increased in diabetic animals and FA restored these to normal levels similar to that of metformin. FA improved the insulin signalling molecules and reduced the negative regulators of insulin signalling. The messenger RNA of gluconeogenic enzyme genes (PEPCK and G6Pase) and the interaction between forkhead transcription factor-O1 and promoters of gluconeogenic enzyme genes (PEPCK and G6Pase) was reduced significantly by ferulic acid. It is concluded from the present study that FA treatment to type 2 diabetic rats improves insulin sensitivity and hepatic glycogenesis but inhibits gluconeogenesis and negative regulators of insulin signalling to maintain normal glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akilavalli Narasimhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr.ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.,Department of Endocrinology, Dr.ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Mayilvanan Chinnaiyan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr.ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.,Department of Endocrinology, Dr.ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Balasubramanian Karundevi
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr.ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.,Department of Endocrinology, Dr.ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| |
Collapse
|
316
|
Tanrikulu-Küçük S, Koçak H, Öner-İyidoğan Y, Seyithanoğlu M, Topparmak E, Kayan-Tapan T. Serum fetuin-A and arginase-1 in human obesity model: Is there any interaction between inflammatory status and arginine metabolism? Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2015; 75:301-7. [PMID: 25723054 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for many chronic metabolic diseases such as inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) and fatty liver injury. It was reported that obesity causes some variations on the serum levels of fetuin-A and is associated with arginine metabolism, especially arginase-1 levels. The aim of our study was to evaluate, the interaction and possible changes of these liver over produced proteins, fetuin-A and arginase-1 levels in obesity-related inflammatory status. Study groups were composed of individuals aged between 19 and 63 (n = 62). The control group included healthy subjects with BMI < 25, obese group included obese patients with BMI > 30 and with no other chronic disease. Biochemical markers were determined by an auto-analyzer. Adiponectin, fetuin-A, arginase-1, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), arginine, Hexanoyl-lysine (HEL) and leptin levels were measured with commercial ELISA immunoassay kits. Nitrite and nitrate were determined with colorimetric assay kit in serum samples. High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels and liver function enzymes activities were higher in the obese group in respect to the control group. Serum fetuin-A, arginase-1 and leptin levels were increased but adiponectin levels were decreased in obese subjects. Fetuin-A levels showed significant correlations with arginase-1 and HOMA-IR. Consequently, we carried out an investigation about higher serum fetuin-A and arginase-1 levels may have an important role in obesity and obesity-related liver damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Tanrikulu-Küçük
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University , Esentepe, Istanbul , Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
317
|
Abstract
Skeletal and cardiac muscles play key roles in the regulation of systemic energy homeostasis and display remarkable plasticity in their metabolic responses to caloric availability and physical activity. In this Perspective we discuss recent studies highlighting transcriptional mechanisms that govern systemic metabolism by striated muscles. We focus on the participation of the Mediator complex in this process, and suggest that tissue-specific regulation of Mediator subunits impacts metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kedryn K Baskin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Benjamin R Winders
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
318
|
Peyrou M, Bourgoin L, Poher AL, Altirriba J, Maeder C, Caillon A, Fournier M, Montet X, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Foti M. Hepatic PTEN deficiency improves muscle insulin sensitivity and decreases adiposity in mice. J Hepatol 2015; 62:421-9. [PMID: 25234947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS PTEN is a dual lipid/protein phosphatase, downregulated in steatotic livers with obesity or HCV infection. Liver-specific PTEN knockout (LPTEN KO) mice develop steatosis, inflammation/fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma with aging, but surprisingly also enhanced glucose tolerance. This study aimed at understanding the mechanisms by which hepatic PTEN deficiency improves glucose tolerance, while promoting fatty liver diseases. METHODS Control and LPTEN KO mice underwent glucose/pyruvate tolerance tests and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. Body fat distribution was assessed by EchoMRI, CT-scan and dissection analyses. Primary/cultured hepatocytes and insulin-sensitive tissues were analysed ex vivo. RESULTS PTEN deficiency in hepatocytes led to steatosis through increased fatty acid (FA) uptake and de novo lipogenesis. Although LPTEN KO mice exhibited hepatic steatosis, they displayed increased skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, as assessed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. Surprisingly, white adipose tissue (WAT) depots were also drastically reduced. Analyses of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism further indicated that FA synthesis/esterification was decreased in WAT. In addition, Ucp1 expression and multilocular lipid droplet structures were observed in this tissue, indicating the presence of beige adipocytes. Consistent with a liver to muscle/adipocyte crosstalk, the expression of liver-derived circulating factors, known to impact on muscle insulin sensitivity and WAT homeostasis (e.g. FGF21), was modulated in LPTEN KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Although steatosis develops in LPTEN KO mice, PTEN deficiency in hepatocytes promotes a crosstalk between liver and muscle, as well as adipose tissue, resulting in enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved glucose tolerance and decreased adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Peyrou
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Bourgoin
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Poher
- Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Altirriba
- Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Maeder
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Caillon
- Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margot Fournier
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Montet
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud
- Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
319
|
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, independently increases the risks of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent emerging evidence suggests that a group of predominantly liver-derived proteins called hepatokines directly affect the progression of atherosclerosis by modulating endothelial dysfunction and infiltration of inflammatory cells into vessel walls. Here, we summarize the role of the representative hepatokines fibroblast growth factor 21, fetuin-A, and selenoprotein P in the progression of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
320
|
Aguilar-Valles A, Inoue W, Rummel C, Luheshi GN. Obesity, adipokines and neuroinflammation. Neuropharmacology 2015; 96:124-34. [PMID: 25582291 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Global levels of obesity are reaching epidemic proportions, leading to a dramatic increase in incidence of secondary diseases and the significant economic burden associated with their treatment. These comorbidities include diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some psychopathologies, which have been linked to a low-grade inflammatory state. Obese individuals exhibit an increase in circulating inflammatory mediators implicated as the underlying cause of these comorbidities. A number of these molecules are also manufactured and released by white adipose tissue (WAT), in direct proportion to tissue mass and are collectively known as adipokines. In the current review we focused on the role of two of the better-studied members of this family namely, leptin and adiponectin, with particular emphasis on their role in neuro-immune interactions, neuroinflammation and subsequent brain diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Function'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Argel Aguilar-Valles
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal and Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Wataru Inoue
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and -Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 100, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Giamal N Luheshi
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
321
|
Lucas E, Cruces-Sande M, Briones AM, Salaices M, Mayor F, Murga C, Vila-Bedmar R. Molecular physiopathology of obesity-related diseases: multi-organ integration by GRK2. Arch Physiol Biochem 2015; 121:163-77. [PMID: 26643283 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2015.1107589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide problem that has reached epidemic proportions both in developed and developing countries. The excessive accumulation of fat poses a risk to health since it favours the development of metabolic alterations including insulin resistance and tissue inflammation, which further contribute to the progress of the complex pathological scenario observed in the obese. In this review we put together the different outcomes of fat accumulation and insulin resistance in the main insulin-responsive tissues, and discuss the role of some of the key molecular routes that control disease progression both in an organ-specific and also in a more systemic manner. In particular, we focus on the importance of studying the integrated regulation of different organs and pathways that contribute to the global pathophysiology of this condition with a specific emphasis on the role of emerging key molecular nodes such as the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) signalling hub.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lucas
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
- b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain
| | - Marta Cruces-Sande
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
- b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana M Briones
- c Departamento de Farmacología , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Madrid , Spain , and
- d Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid , Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- c Departamento de Farmacología , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Madrid , Spain , and
- d Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid , Spain
| | - Federico Mayor
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
- b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain
| | - Cristina Murga
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
- b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rocio Vila-Bedmar
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
- b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
322
|
Altinova AE, Iyidir OT, Ozkan C, Ors D, Ozturk M, Gulbahar O, Bozkurt N, Toruner FB, Akturk M, Cakir N, Arslan M. Selenoprotein P is not elevated in gestational diabetes mellitus. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:874-6. [PMID: 26514640 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein P concentrations have been found to be associated with insulin resistance and elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of the present study was to investigate circulating selenoprotein P level and its possible relationship with metabolic parameters in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Plasma selenoprotein P concentrations were measured in 30 pregnant women with GDM, 35 pregnant women without GDM and 22 healthy nonpregnant women. No difference in selenoprotein P levels was observed among the groups [6.2 (4.5-8.2), 7.9 (4.5-10.7) and 6.7 (5.3-9.1) ng/ml, respectively, p = 0.69]. In pregnant women with and without GDM, selenoprotein P did not correlate with age, gestational age, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, glucose concentrations at oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), area under curve (AUC) glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides levels (p > 0.05). But, there were statistically significant correlations between selenoprotein P and current BMI (r = -0.28, p = 0.04) and HDL cholesterol levels (r = 0.43, p = 0.01). We found that selenoprotein P concentrations are not elevated in women with GDM but associated with BMI and HDL cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ozlem Gulbahar
- d Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Nuri Cakir
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
| | | |
Collapse
|
323
|
|
324
|
Trepanowski JF, Mey J, Varady KA. Fetuin-A: a novel link between obesity and related complications. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:734-41. [PMID: 25468829 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fetuin-A (FetA) is a 64-kDa glycoprotein that is secreted from both the liver and adipose tissue. Circulating FetA is elevated in obesity and related disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome; and a FetA-related parameter, caliciprotein particle, is highly relevant to vascular calcification in overweight/obese patients with chronic kidney disease. FetA level is also associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Accumulating evidence suggests that elevated FetA level causes impaired glycemic control, as FetA has been implicated in impairment of insulin receptor signaling, toll-like receptor 4 activation, macrophage migration and polarization, adipocyte dysfunction, hepatocyte triacylglycerol accumulation and liver inflammation and fibrosis. Weight loss, aerobic exercise, metformin and pioglitazone have each been shown to be effective for reducing FetA level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Trepanowski
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Mey
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K A Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
325
|
Stefan N, Peter A, Häring HU. Comment on Hedderson et al. Prepregnancy SHBG concentrations and risk for subsequently developing gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2014;37:1296-1303. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:e278-9. [PMID: 25414408 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and German Center for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and German Center for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and German Center for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
326
|
Mukhopadhyay S, Mondal SA, Kumar M, Dutta D. Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Attributes of Fetu Iν-A: A Novel Hepatokine Modulating Cardiovascular and Glycemic Outcomes in Metabolic Syndrome. Endocr Pract 2014; 20:1345-1351. [DOI: 10.4158/ep14421.ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
327
|
Dutta D, Mondal SA, Kumar M, Hasanoor Reza AH, Biswas D, Singh P, Chakrabarti S, Mukhopadhyay S. Serum fetuin-A concentration predicts glycaemic outcomes in people with prediabetes: a prospective study from eastern India. Diabet Med 2014; 31:1594-9. [PMID: 24975463 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the role of fetuin-A levels in predicting glycaemic outcomes (progression to diabetes or reversion to normoglycaemia) in people with prediabetes. METHODS A total of 2119 people were screened, of whom 144 people with prediabetes, 50 people with normoglycaemia and 66 people with newly diagnosed diabetes underwent estimation of fasting insulin, fetuin-A, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α, lipid and 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels and assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using ultrasonography and the fatty liver index. People with prediabetes were followed and analysed according to glycaemic outcome and quartile of fetuin-A level. RESULTS Fetuin-A, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and triglyceride levels and presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease increased across the glycaemic spectrum and were highest in people with diabetes. A total of 32 people with prediabetes reverted to normoglycaemia, 23 progressed to diabetes and 65 remained with prediabetes over a mean ± sd follow-up of 32.12 ± 8.4 months. People progressing to diabetes had higher baseline glycaemia rates, fetuin-A levels, interleukin-1β levels, fatty liver index scores and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels. People with prediabetes in the highest fetuin-A quartile had the highest risk of progression to diabetes (relative risk 2.68, 95% CI 0.95-7.55; P = 0.06) and the lowest rate of reversion to normoglycaemia (relative risk 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.85; P = 0.03). Fetuin-A levels correlated with interleukin-1β levels (r = 0.420; P < 0.001), interleukin-6 levels (r = 0.231; P = 0.022) and fatty liver index scores (r = 0.319; P < 0.001). Cox regression showed that higher fetuin-A levels and higher BMI and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels were predictive of lower rates of reversion to normoglycaemia. Age, triglyceride levels, and interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β levels were predictive of progression to diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Increased fetuin-A level has an adverse impact on glycaemic outcomes in prediabetes. This study highlights the importance of fetuin-A as a predictor of glycaemic outcomes in prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Calcutta, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
328
|
Badoud F, Perreault M, Zulyniak MA, Mutch DM. Molecular insights into the role of white adipose tissue in metabolically unhealthy normal weight and metabolically healthy obese individuals. FASEB J 2014; 29:748-58. [PMID: 25411437 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-263913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, it is now recognized that a subset of individuals have reduced cardiometabolic risk despite being obese. Paradoxically, a subset of lean individuals is reported to have high risk for cardiometabolic complications. These distinct subgroups of individuals are referred to as metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) and metabolically healthy obese (MHO). Although the clinical relevance of these subgroups remains debated, evidence shows a critical role for white adipose tissue (WAT) function in the development of these phenotypes. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of our current state of knowledge regarding the molecular and metabolic characteristics of WAT associated with MUNW and MHO. In particular, we discuss the link between different WAT depots, immune cell infiltration, and adipokine production with MUNW and MHO. Furthermore, we also highlight recent molecular insights made with genomic technologies showing that processes such as oxidative phosphorylation, branched-chain amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid β-oxidation differ between these phenotypes. This review provides evidence that WAT function is closely linked with cardiometabolic risk independent of obesity and thus contributes to the development of MUNW and MHO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Badoud
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maude Perreault
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Zulyniak
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
329
|
Carter S, Li Z, Lemieux I, Alméras N, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, Poirier P, Deshaies Y, Després JP, Picard F. Circulating IGFBP-2 levels are incrementally linked to correlates of the metabolic syndrome and independently associated with VLDL triglycerides. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:645-51. [PMID: 25463100 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether plasma IGFBP-2 is independently associated with components of the lipoprotein-lipid profile and to suggest a cutoff value that could identify subjects with the features of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 379 Caucasian men from the general population and covering a wide range of BMI were recruited through the media. Subjects with type 2 diabetes, BMI values > 40 kg/m(2), or taking medication targeting glucose or lipid metabolism or blood pressure were excluded. Anthropometric data were collected and plasma IGFBP-2 concentrations, glucose tolerance and an extensive plasma lipid profile were determined after an overnight fast. RESULTS Subjects with low IGFBP-2 levels were characterized by increased fat mass (p < 0.0001), impaired insulin sensitivity (p < 0.0001) and higher plasma triglyceride (TG) levels (p < 0.0001). When divided into 6 quantiles, only subjects with the highest IGFBP-2 levels (>221.5 ng/mL) did not meet the NCEP ATP III criteria for the clinical diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, circulating IGFBP-2 levels were significantly associated with VLDL-TG (r = -0.51, p < 0.0001) and HDL-C (r = -0.27, p < 0.0001) levels. After adjustments, plasma IGFBP-2 was found to be independently associated with VLDL-TG levels but not with HDL-C concentrations. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, IGFBP-2 levels <221.5 ng/mL are incrementally associated with a detrimental plasma lipoprotein-lipid profile. After adjustment for covariates, IGFBP-2 remained independently associated with VLDL-TG but not HDL-C levels. This study supports further investigations in other populations and validation of IGFBP-2 as a biomarker of early dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carter
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Zhuo Li
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Lemieux
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Alméras
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Bergeron
- Lipid Research Center, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Deshaies
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Picard
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
330
|
Chaemsaithong P, Romero R, Tarca AL, Korzeniewski SJ, Schwartz AG, Miranda J, Ahmed AI, Dong Z, Hassan SS, Yeo L, Tinnakorn T. Maternal plasma fetuin-A concentration is lower in patients who subsequently developed preterm preeclampsia than in uncomplicated pregnancy: a longitudinal study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:1260-1269. [PMID: 25115163 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.954242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Fetuin-A is a negative acute phase protein reactant that acts as a mediator for lipotoxicity, leading to insulin resistance. Intravascular inflammation and insulin resistance have been implicated in the mechanisms of disease responsible for preeclampsia (PE). Maternal plasma concentrations of fetuin-A at the time of diagnosis of preterm PE are lower than in control patients with a normal pregnancy outcome. However, it is unknown if the changes in maternal plasma fetuin-A concentrations precede the clinical diagnosis of the disease. We conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether patients who subsequently developed PE had a different profile of maternal plasma concentrations of fetuin-A as a function of gestational age (GA) than those with uncomplicated pregnancies. Methods: A longitudinal case-control study was performed and included 200 singleton pregnancies in the following groups: (1) patients with uncomplicated pregnancies who delivered appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates (n = 160); and (2) patients who subsequently developed PE (n = 40). Longitudinal samples were collected at each prenatal visit and scheduled at 4-week intervals from the first or early second trimester until delivery. Plasma fetuin-A concentrations were determined by ELISA. Analysis was performed using mixed-effects models. Results: The profiles of maternal plasma concentrations of fetuin-A differ between PE and uncomplicated pregnancies. Forward analysis indicated that the rate of increase of plasma fetuin-A concentration in patients who subsequently developed PE was lower at the beginning of pregnancy (p = 0.001), yet increased faster mid-pregnancy (p = 0.0017) and reached the same concentration level as controls by 26 weeks. The rate of decrease was higher towards the end of pregnancy in patients with PE than in uncomplicated pregnancies (p = 0.002). The mean maternal plasma fetuin-A concentration was significantly lower in patients with preterm PE at the time of clinical diagnosis than in women with uncomplicated pregnancies (p < 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences in maternal plasma fetuin-A concentration in patients who developed PE at term. Conclusions: (1) The profile of maternal plasma concentrations of fetuin-A over time (GA) in patients who develop PE is different from that of normal pregnant women; (2) the rate of change of maternal plasma concentrations of fetuin-A is positive (increases over time) in the midtrimester of normal pregnancy, and negative (decreases over time) in patients who subsequently develop PE; (3) at the time of diagnosis, the maternal plasma fetuin-A concentration is lower in patients with preterm PE than in those with a normal pregnancy outcome; however, such differences were not demonstrable in patients with term PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , NIH, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, MI , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
331
|
Azuma K, Serada S, Takamatsu S, Terao N, Takeishi S, Kamada Y, Naka T, Miyoshi E. Identification of Sialylated Glycoproteins in Doxorubicin-Treated Hepatoma Cells with Glycoproteomic Analyses. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4869-77. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5004399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Azuma
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Laboratory
for Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoko Terao
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Takeishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Oncology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-0855, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Laboratory
for Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry & Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
332
|
Cariou B, Staels B. GFT505 for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1441-8. [PMID: 25164277 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.954034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PPARs are nuclear receptors that play key roles in the regulation of metabolism and inflammation. GFT505 is a new dual agonist of the PPARα and PPARδ isoforms, which improves lipid and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and exerts hepatoprotective effects in mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AREAS COVERED This evaluation focuses on the pharmacology and clinical activity of GFT505 in metabolic diseases, including T2DM, dyslipidemia and NAFLD, as well as its promise as a therapeutic option for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Original publications in English were selected, as well as abstracts of presentations in international congresses. Ongoing clinical trials were identified using the Clinicaltrial.gov database. EXPERT OPINION Results from the completed short-term (4 - 8 weeks) Phase IIa studies indicate that GFT505 decreases plasma triglyceride levels and increases high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, while lowering low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in prediabetic patients. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies have also demonstrated an insulin-sensitizing effect of GFT505, with a strong effect on the liver, with a significant lowering effect on plasma liver enzymes. The current safety profile is reassuring, without any signs of PPARγ-related side effects. The combination of its insulin sensitizing and hepatoprotective effects makes GFT505 an excellent drug candidate for NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Cariou
- Clinique d'Endocrinologie, CHU de Nantes , Nantes, F-44000 , France
| | | |
Collapse
|
333
|
Thakkinstian A, Chailurkit L, Warodomwichit D, Ratanachaiwong W, Yamwong S, Chanprasertyothin S, Attia J, Sritara P, Ongphiphadhanakul B. Causal relationship between body mass index and fetuin-A level in the asian population: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:197-203. [PMID: 23899227 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetuin-A is associated with body mass index (BMI) as well as components of the metabolic syndrome. However, it is unclear if fetuin-A affects BMI or the other way around. We therefore assessed the causal association between fetuin-A and BMI or vice versa, utilizing a bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach. DESIGN AND METHODS This was a study of 2558 subjects from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) cohort. Two polymorphisms, that is, rs2248690 in the alpha2-Hereman-Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG) gene and rs9939609 in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene were genotyped. Bidirectional causal models were constructed using a two-stage least-square instrumental variable (IV) regression. First, rs2248690 locus was used as the instrumental variable for the effect of circulating fetuin-A on BMI, and then, the FTO rs9939609 locus was used as the instrumental variable for the effect of BMI on circulating fetuin-A. RESULTS Among the 2558 subjects, the prevalence of the minor AHSG (T) and FTO (A) alleles was 17.9% and 22.1%, respectively. The AHSG rs2248690 locus was highly related to serum fetuin-A levels (P < 0.001). Likewise, the FTO rs9939609 locus and BMI were highly associated (P < 0.001). Mendelian randomization analyses showed that circulating fetuin-A, instrumented by the AHSG rs2248690 locus, was associated with BMI (coefficient = 2.26; 95% CI: 0.39, 4.12). In contrast, BMI, instrumented by the FTO rs9939609 locus, was not associated with circulating fetuin-A (coefficient = 0.0007; 95% CI: -0.0242, 0.0256). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a causal association leading from circulating fetuin-A to BMI. There was no evidence of reverse causality from BMI to fetuin-A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
334
|
Targher G, Chonchol MB, Byrne CD. CKD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 64:638-52. [PMID: 25085644 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The possible link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD) recently has attracted considerable scientific interest. Accumulating clinical evidence indicates that the presence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated significantly with CKD (defined as decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate and/or proteinuria) and that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease predicts the development and progression of CKD, independently of traditional cardiorenal risk factors. Experimental evidence also suggests that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease itself may exacerbate systemic and hepatic insulin resistance, cause atherogenic dyslipidemia, and release a variety of proinflammatory, procoagulant, pro-oxidant, and profibrogenic mediators that play important roles in the development and progression of CKD. However, despite the growing evidence linking nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with CKD, it has not been definitively established whether a causal association exists. The clinical implication for these findings is that patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may benefit from more intensive surveillance or early treatment interventions to decrease the risk of CKD. In this review, we discuss the evidence linking nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with CKD and the putative mechanisms by which nonalcoholic fatty liver disease contributes to kidney damage. We also briefly discuss current treatment options for this increasingly prevalent disease that is likely to have an important future impact on the global burden of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Michel B Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
335
|
Lutz SZ, Franck O, Böhm A, Machann J, Schick F, Machicao F, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Staiger H. Common genetic variation in the human CTF1 locus, encoding cardiotrophin-1, determines insulin sensitivity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100391. [PMID: 25025664 PMCID: PMC4099130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis Recently, cardiotrophin-1, a member of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines was described to protect beta-cells from apoptosis, to improve glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin resistance, and to prevent streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice. Here, we studied whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CTF1 locus, encoding cardiotrophin-1, influence insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in humans. Methods We genotyped 1,771 German subjects for three CTF1 tagging SNPs (rs1046276, rs1458201, and rs8046707). The subjects were metabolically characterized by an oral glucose tolerance test. Subgroups underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging/spectroscopy and hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps. Results After appropriate adjustment, the minor allele of CTF1 SNP rs8046707 was significantly associated with decreased in vivo measures of insulin sensitivity. The other tested SNPs were not associated with OGTT-derived sensitivity parameters, nor did the three tested SNPs show any association with OGTT-derived parameters of insulin release. In the MR subgroup, SNP rs8046707 was nominally associated with lower visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, the SNP rs1458201 showed a nominal association with increased VLDL levels. Conclusions In conclusion, this study, even though preliminary and awaiting further confirmation by independent replication, provides first evidence that common genetic variation in CTF1 could contribute to insulin sensitivity in humans. Our SNP data indicate an insulin-desensitizing effect of cardiotrophin-1 and underline that cardiotrophin-1 represents an interesting target to influence insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Z. Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Franck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fausto Machicao
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutritional and Preventive Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Harald Staiger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
336
|
Lu Y, Liu X, Jiao Y, Xiong X, Wang E, Wang X, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Pan L, Guan Y, Cai D, Ning G, Li X. Periostin promotes liver steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia through downregulation of PPARα. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3501-13. [PMID: 25003192 DOI: 10.1172/jci74438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatosteatosis is characterized by an aberrant accumulation of triglycerides in the liver; however, the factors that drive obesity-induced fatty liver remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the secreted cell adhesion protein periostin is markedly upregulated in livers of obese rodents and humans. Notably, overexpression of periostin in the livers of WT mice promoted hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia. Conversely, both genetic ablation of periostin and administration of a periostin-neutralizing antibody dramatically improved hepatosteatosis and hypertriglyceridemia in obese mice. Overexpression of periostin resulted in reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a master regulator of fatty acid oxidation, and activation of the JNK signaling pathway. In mouse primary hepatocytes, inhibition of α6β4 integrin prevented activation of JNK and suppression of PPARα in response to periostin. Periostin-dependent activation of JNK resulted in activation of c-Jun, which prevented RORα binding and transactional activation at the Ppara promoter. Together, these results identify a periostin-dependent pathway that mediates obesity-induced hepatosteatosis.
Collapse
|
337
|
Targher G, Mantovani A, Pichiri I, Mingolla L, Cavalieri V, Mantovani W, Pancheri S, Trombetta M, Zoppini G, Chonchol M, Byrne CD, Bonora E. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is independently associated with an increased incidence of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:1729-36. [PMID: 24696459 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is no information about the role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in predicting the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 261 type 1 diabetic adults with preserved kidney function and with no macroalbuminuria at baseline, who were followed for a mean period of 5.2 years for the occurrence of incident CKD (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or macroalbuminuria). NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. RESULTS At baseline, patients had a mean eGFR of 92 ± 23 mL/min/1.73 m2; 234 (89.7%) of them had normoalbuminuria and 27 (10.3%) microalbuminuria. NAFLD was present in 131 (50.2%) patients. During follow-up, 61 subjects developed incident CKD. NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD (hazard ratio [HR] 2.85 [95% CI 1.59-5.10]; P < 0.001). Adjustments for age, sex, duration of diabetes, hypertension, A1C, and baseline eGFR did not appreciably attenuate this association (adjusted HR 2.03 [1.10-3.77], P < 0.01). Results remained unchanged after excluding those who had microalbuminuria at baseline (adjusted HR 1.85 [1.03-3.27]; P < 0.05). Addition of NAFLD to traditional risk factors for CKD significantly improved the discriminatory capability of the regression models for predicting CKD (e.g., with NAFLD c statistic 0.79 [95% CI 0.73-0.86] vs. 0.76 [0.71-0.84] without NAFLD, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that NAFLD is strongly associated with an increased incidence of CKD. Measurement of NAFLD improves risk prediction for CKD, independently of traditional cardio-renal risk factors, in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Isabella Pichiri
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia Mingolla
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Cavalieri
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - William Mantovani
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, ItalyDepartment of Prevention, Public Health Trust, Trento, Italy
| | - Serena Pancheri
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, ItalyDepartment of Prevention, Public Health Trust, Trento, Italy
| | - Maddalena Trombetta
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zoppini
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K
| | - Enzo Bonora
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
338
|
Mechanisms Explaining the Relationship Between Metabolically Healthy Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:2748-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
339
|
Lancaster GI, Febbraio MA. The immunomodulating role of exercise in metabolic disease. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:262-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
340
|
Siegel-Axel DI, Ullrich S, Stefan N, Rittig K, Gerst F, Klingler C, Schmidt U, Schreiner B, Randrianarisoa E, Schaller HE, Stock UA, Weigert C, Königsrainer A, Häring HU. Fetuin-A influences vascular cell growth and production of proinflammatory and angiogenic proteins by human perivascular fat cells. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1057-66. [PMID: 24493202 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Fetuin-A (alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein), a liver-derived circulating glycoprotein, contributes to lipid disorders, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In a previous study we found that perivascular fat cells (PVFCs) have a higher angiogenic potential than other fat cell types. The aim was to examine whether fetuin-A influences PVFC and vascular cell growth and the expression and secretion of proinflammatory and angiogenic proteins, and whether TLR4-independent pathways are involved. METHODS Mono- and co-cultures of human PVFCs and endothelial cells were treated with fetuin-A and/or palmitate for 6-72 h. Proteins were quantified by ELISA and Luminex, mRNA expression by real-time PCR, and cell growth by BrDU-ELISA. Some PVFCs were preincubated with a nuclear factor κB NFκBp65 inhibitor, or the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor CLI-095, or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitors and/or stimulated with insulin. Intracellular forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), NFκBp65 and inhibitor of κB kinase β (IKKβ) localisation was visualised by immunostaining. RESULTS PVFCs expressed and secreted IL-6, IL-8, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PLGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Fetuin-A upregulated IL-6 and IL-8, and this was potentiated by palmitate and blocked by CLI-095. Immunostaining and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed partial NFκBp65 activation. MCP-1 was upregulated and blocked by CLI-095, but not by palmitate. However, HGF was downregulated, which was slightly potentiated by palmitate. This effect persisted after TLR4 pathway blockade. Stimulation of insulin-PI3K-Akt signalling by insulin resulted in nuclear FoxO1 extrusion and HGF upregulation. Fetuin-A counteracted these insulin effects. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Fetuin-A and/or palmitate influence the expression of proinflammatory and angiogenic proteins only partially via TLR4 signalling. HGF downregulation seems to be mediated by interference with the insulin-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase pathway. Fetuin-A may also influence angiogenic and proinflammatory proteins involved in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea I Siegel-Axel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
341
|
Oka R, Aizawa T, Yagi K, Hayashi K, Kawashiri M, Yamagishi M. Elevated liver enzymes are related to progression to impaired glucose tolerance in Japanese men. Diabet Med 2014; 31:552-8. [PMID: 24151911 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether the elevation of liver enzymes is associated with the progression from normal to impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS A historical cohort study was conducted in 594 male workers at public schools, who had normal glucose tolerance at baseline. The progression to impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia during a mean follow-up of 3.1 years was measured using an oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS Overall, 141 (23.7%) subjects developed impaired glucose tolerance and 68 (11.4%) subjects developed impaired fasting glycaemia, 23 of whom had combined impaired fasting glycaemia/impaired glucose tolerance. The incidence of impaired glucose tolerance increased significantly with increasing quartiles of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase (P for trend <0.01). In Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, after adjusting for comprehensive risk factors, including plasma glucose levels, BMI and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, the risk of progression to impaired glucose tolerance was significantly higher in the highest quartile of alanine aminotransferase than in the lowest quartile (hazard ratio 2.5; 95% CI 1.1-5.7). A significant association between alanine aminotransferase and the progression to impaired glucose tolerance was found after further adjustments for other liver enzymes or after the sample was limited to those with BMI < 25.0 kg/m(2) or with fasting plasma glucose < 5.5 mmol/l. CONCLUSIONS A higher level of alanine aminotransferase was independently associated with progression from normal to impaired glucose tolerance in Japanese men. The elevation of alanine aminotransferase may be a change that occurs early in the evolution of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Oka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hokuriku Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
342
|
Stefan N, Ramsauer M, Jordan P, Nowotny B, Kantartzis K, Machann J, Hwang JH, Nowotny P, Kahl S, Harreiter J, Hornemann S, Sanyal AJ, Stewart PM, Pfeiffer AF, Kautzky-Willer A, Roden M, Häring HU, Fürst-Recktenwald S. Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 with RO5093151 for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014; 2:406-16. [PMID: 24795254 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing worldwide and an effective and safe pharmacological treatment is needed. We investigated whether inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1, also known as HSD11B1) by RO5093151 could safely and effectively decrease liver-fat content in patients with this disorder. METHODS We did this phase 1b trial at four centres in Germany and Austria. Participants with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (defined as (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy liver-fat content >5·56%), insulin resistance (homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] of at least 2·0 mmol/L·mU/L), BMI greater than 27 kg/m(2), and aged 35-65 years were randomly assigned by interactive voice response system in a 1:1 ratio, stratified for triglyceride concentration (<1·7 mmol/L or ≥1·7 mmol/L), to oral RO5093151 (200 mg twice daily) or matching placebo for 12 weeks. The main exclusion criteria were other liver diseases, aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase concentrations of more than two and a half times the upper limit of normal, history of diabetes or bariatric surgery, and use of weight lowering drugs. Participants and investigators were masked to assignment throughout the study. The primary endpoint was change in liver-fat content from baseline to week 12. Efficacy analysis was by modified intention to treat, including all patients who received at least one dose of study drug and had a baseline and follow-up measurement of liver-fat content. Safety analyses included all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01277094. FINDINGS We did this trial between Jan 13, 2011, and March 28, 2012. 41 patients were randomly assigned to RO5093151 and 41 to placebo. 35 patients in the RO5093151 group and 39 in the placebo group were included in the efficacy analysis. Mean liver-fat content decreased in the RO5093151 group (from 16·75% [SD 8·67] to 14·28% [8·89]), but not in the placebo group (from 18·53% [10·00] to 18·46% [10·78], p=0·02 for between group difference). 26 participants (65%) in the RO5093151 group had adverse events, compared with 21 (53%) in the placebo group. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders (12 patients [30%] in the RO5093151 group vs seven [18%] in the placebo group), and infections and infestations (eight [20%] vs nine [23%]). Nervous system disorders occurred in significantly more patients in the RO5093151 group than in the placebo group (nine [23%] vs two [5%]; p=0·02); all other differences in adverse events were non-significant. One participant (3%) in the placebo group and three participants (8%) in the RO5093151 group had serious adverse events. All serious adverse events were deemed unrelated to study treatment. INTERPRETATION Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 by RO5093151 was effective and safe in reducing liver-fat content, suggesting that targeting of 11β-HSD1 might be a promising approach for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. FUNDING F Hoffmann-La Roche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | | | - Bettina Nowotny
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Kantartzis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Section on Experimental Radiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jong-Hee Hwang
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Nowotny
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Kahl
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Harreiter
- Internal Medicine III, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gender Medicine Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silke Hornemann
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Andreas F Pfeiffer
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Internal Medicine III, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gender Medicine Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Clinical Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
343
|
Linder K, Springer F, Machann J, Schick F, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Blumenstock G, Ranke MB, Stefan N, Binder G, Ehehalt S. Relationships of body composition and liver fat content with insulin resistance in obesity-matched adolescents and adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1325-31. [PMID: 24375954 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While in adults not total body- or visceral fat mass, but liver fat content was found to independently determine insulin resistance, it is unclear whether these relationships are already present in obese adolescents. METHODS Thirty-nine overweight/obese adolescents were matched for sex and BMI with 39 adults. To compare the age- and sex-specific BMI values of adolescents and adults, the percentile value of each adolescent was projected to the age of 18. Body fat depots were quantified by whole-body magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Liver fat content was measured with (1)H-MR spectroscopy. Insulin resistance was estimated from the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Compared to overweight and obese adults, adolescents had higher HOMA-IR (P < 0.001) and lower lean body mass (P = 0.002). Furthermore, they had higher total body- (P = 0.02), but lower visceral- (P < 0.001) fat mass, while liver fat content was not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.16). In both groups liver fat content (both P ≤ 0.007), but not total body- or visceral fat mass (all P ≥ 0.64) was an independent predictor of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Having lower visceral fat mass, overweight and obese adolescents are more insulin resistant than sex- and BMI-matched adults. Liver fat content, but not total body- or visceral fat mass, is an independent determinant of insulin resistance in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Linder
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology Vascular Medicine Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
344
|
Stefan N, Artunc F, Heyne N, Machann J, Schleicher ED, Häring HU. Obesity and renal disease: not all fat is created equal and not all obesity is harmful to the kidneys. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 31:726-30. [PMID: 24753460 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and contributes to many health problems, including kidney disease. Unexpectedly, 10-30% of obese individuals are apparently not at increased risk of metabolic diseases, e.g. type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and risk of renal disease. Their phenotype is labeled 'metabolically healthy obesity'. In the search for mechanisms explaining this unexpected condition, a favourable type of body fat distribution with low insulin resistance and with low subclinical inflammation has been identified. Furthermore, signalling pathways have been found that distinguish between metabolically benign and malignant obesity. In addition, the important roles of fatty acids, adipokines and hepatokines were identified. These factors regulate insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation. Onset and evolution of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are affected by obesity. CKD also increases the risk of insulin resistance and subclinical inflammation, two pathways that play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal malfunction. This brief review summarizes novel insights, specifically how distinct body fat compartments (including perivascular and even renal sinus fat) may have an impact on progression of CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nils Heyne
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erwin D Schleicher
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
345
|
Böhm A, Halama A, Meile T, Zdichavsky M, Lehmann R, Weigert C, Fritsche A, Stefan N, Königsrainer A, Häring HU, de Angelis MH, Adamski J, Staiger H. Metabolic signatures of cultured human adipocytes from metabolically healthy versus unhealthy obese individuals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93148. [PMID: 24695116 PMCID: PMC3973696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Among obese subjects, metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity (MHO/MUHO) can be differentiated: the latter is characterized by whole-body insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and subclinical inflammation. Aim of this study was, to identify adipocyte-specific metabolic signatures and functional biomarkers for MHO versus MUHO. Methods 10 insulin-resistant (IR) vs. 10 insulin-sensitive (IS) non-diabetic morbidly obese (BMI >40 kg/m2) Caucasians were matched for gender, age, BMI, and percentage of body fat. From subcutaneous fat biopsies, primary preadipocytes were isolated and differentiated to adipocytes in vitro. About 280 metabolites were investigated by a targeted metabolomic approach intracellularly, extracellularly, and in plasma. Results/Interpretation Among others, aspartate was reduced intracellularly to one third (p = 0.0039) in IR adipocytes, pointing to a relative depletion of citric acid cycle metabolites or reduced aspartate uptake in MUHO. Other amino acids, already known to correlate with diabetes and/or obesity, were identified to differ between MUHO's and MHO's adipocytes, namely glutamine, histidine, and spermidine. Most species of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were lower in MUHO's extracellular milieu, though simultaneously elevated intracellularly, e.g., PC aa C32∶3, pointing to increased PC synthesis and/or reduced PC release. Furthermore, altered arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism was found: 15(S)-HETE (15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid; 0 vs. 120pM; p = 0.0014), AA (1.5-fold; p = 0.0055) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22∶6; 2-fold; p = 0.0033) were higher in MUHO. This emphasizes a direct contribution of adipocytes to local adipose tissue inflammation. Elevated DHA, as an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, might be a hint for counter-regulatory mechanisms in MUHO. Conclusion/Interpretation We identified adipocyte-inherent metabolic alterations discriminating between MHO and MUHO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Böhm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center München at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Halama
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Meile
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marty Zdichavsky
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center München at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center München at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center München at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center München at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center München at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center München at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
346
|
Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver: Should We Care? CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-014-0384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
347
|
Impact of the adipokine adiponectin and the hepatokine fetuin-A on the development of type 2 diabetes: prospective cohort- and cross-sectional phenotyping studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92238. [PMID: 24643166 PMCID: PMC3958485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among adipokines and hepatokines, adiponectin and fetuin-A were consistently found to predict the incidence of type 2 diabetes, both by regulating insulin sensitivity. Objective To determine to what extent circulating adiponectin and fetuin-A are independently associated with incident type 2 diabetes in humans, and the major mechanisms involved. Methods Relationships with incident diabetes were tested in two cohort studies: within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study (628 cases) and the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 470 cases). Relationships with body fat compartments, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were studied in the Tübingen Lifestyle Intervention Program (TULIP; N = 358). Results Circulating adiponectin and fetuin-A, independently of several confounders and of each other, associated with risk of diabetes in EPIC-Potsdam (RR for 1 SD: adiponectin: 0.45 [95% CI 0.37–0.54], fetuin-A: 1.18 [1.05–1.32]) and the NHS (0.51 [0.42–0.62], 1.35 [1.16–1.58]). Obesity measures considerably attenuated the association of adiponectin, but not of fetuin-A. Subjects with low adiponectin and concomitantly high fetuin-A had the highest risk. Whereas both proteins were independently (both p<1.8×10−7) associated with insulin sensitivity, circulating fetuin-A (r = −0.37, p = 0.0004), but not adiponectin, associated with insulin secretion in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Conclusions We provide novel information that adiponectin and fetuin-A independently of each other associate with the diabetes risk. Furthermore, we suggest that they are involved in the development of type 2 diabetes via different mechanisms, possibly by mediating effects of their source tissues, expanded adipose tissue and nonalcoholic fatty liver.
Collapse
|
348
|
Kim KH, Lee MS. Autophagy as a crosstalk mediator of metabolic organs in regulation of energy metabolism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2014; 15:11-20. [PMID: 24085381 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-013-9272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis through elimination of aggregated proteins, damaged organelles, and intracellular pathogens. Autophagy also contributes to the maintenance of energy balance through degradation of energy reserves such as lipids, glycogen, and proteins in the setting of increased energy demand. Recent studies have suggested that autophagy, or its deficiency, is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes. These effects of autophagy or its deficiency in regulation of energy metabolism are mediated not only by cell-autonomous effects, such as direct autophagic degradation of energy stores or intracellular organelles (endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria) but also by non-cell-autonomous effects, such as induction/suppression of secreted factors or changes of sympathetic tone. In the present review, we highlight a recent surge in the research on the autophagy in the regulation of energy homeostasis, with a focus on its role as a mediator for crosstalk between metabolic organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kook Hwan Kim
- Department of Medicine and Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
349
|
Joosten MM, Schrieks IC, Hendriks HFJ. Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on fetuin-A levels in men and women: post-hoc analyses of three open-label randomized crossover trials. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:24. [PMID: 24548643 PMCID: PMC4094276 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetuin-A, a liver-derived glycoprotein that impairs insulin-signalling, has emerged as a biomarker for diabetes risk. Although moderate alcohol consumption has been inversely associated with fetuin-A, data from clinical trials are lacking. Thus, we evaluated whether moderate alcohol consumption decreases circulating levels of fetuin-A. METHODS We analyzed data of three separate open-label, randomized, crossover trials: 1) 36 postmenopausal women consuming 250 ml white wine (25 g alcohol) or white grape juice daily for 6 weeks, 2) 24 premenopausal women consuming 660 ml beer (26 g alcohol) or alcohol-free beer daily for 3 weeks, and 3) 24 young men consuming 100 ml vodka (30 g alcohol) orange juice or only orange juice daily for 4 weeks. After each treatment period fasting blood samples were collected. RESULTS Circulating fetuin-A concentrations decreased in men after vodka consumption (Mean ± SEM: 441 ± 11 to 426 ± 11 μg/ml, p = 0.02), but not in women after wine (448 ± 17 to 437 ± 17 μg/ml, p = 0.16) or beer consumption (498 ± 15 to 492 ± 15 μg/ml, p = 0.48) compared to levels after each corresponding alcohol-free treatment. Post-hoc power analyses indicated that the statistical power to detect a similar effect as observed in men was 30% among the postmenopausal women and 31% among the premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS In these randomized crossover trials, moderate alcohol consumption decreased fetuin-A in men but not in women. This sex-specific effect may be explained by the relatively short intervention periods or the low statistical power in the trials among women. TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID no's: NCT00285909, NCT00524550, NCT00918918.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel M Joosten
- TNO (a Dutch acronym for Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific Research),
Zeist, the Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the
Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical
Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse C Schrieks
- TNO (a Dutch acronym for Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific Research),
Zeist, the Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the
Netherlands
| | - Henk FJ Hendriks
- TNO (a Dutch acronym for Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific Research),
Zeist, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
350
|
Direct inhibitory effects of pioglitazone on hepatic fetuin-A expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88704. [PMID: 24551137 PMCID: PMC3923806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetuin-A, a circulating glycoprotein synthesized in the liver, is involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, regulation of fetuin-A synthesis has remained obscure. We previously reported that pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced serum fetuin-A levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. To clarify whether pioglitazone can directory inhibit hepatic fetuin-A synthesis, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone on fetuin-A expression both in vitro and in vivo. Pioglitazone treatment suppressed mRNA and protein expression of fetuin-A in Fao hepatoma cells. Interestingly, rosiglitazone but not metformin, also inhibited fetuin-A expression. In addition, GW 9662, an inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, reversed pioglitazone-induced suppression of fetuin-A, suggesting that thiazolidinedione derivatives may have common characteristics with regard to fetuin-A suppression, possibly through PPARγactivation. Finally, oral administration of pioglitazone to mice for 8 weeks resulted in suppression of hepatic fetuin-A mRNA. These findings suggest that pioglitazone may partially ameliorate insulin resistance through its direct inhibitory effects on fetuin-A expression in the liver.
Collapse
|