351
|
Carbonneau M, M Gagné L, Lalonde ME, Germain MA, Motorina A, Guiot MC, Secco B, Vincent EE, Tumber A, Hulea L, Bergeman J, Oppermann U, Jones RG, Laplante M, Topisirovic I, Petrecca K, Huot MÉ, Mallette FA. The oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate activates the mTOR signalling pathway. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12700. [PMID: 27624942 PMCID: PMC5027283 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of cancer-associated mutations in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) highlights the prevailing notion that aberrant metabolic function can contribute to carcinogenesis. IDH1/2 normally catalyse the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate (αKG). In gliomas and acute myeloid leukaemias, IDH1/2 mutations confer gain-of-function leading to production of the oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) from αKG. Here we show that generation of 2HG by mutated IDH1/2 leads to the activation of mTOR by inhibiting KDM4A, an αKG-dependent enzyme of the Jumonji family of lysine demethylases. Furthermore, KDM4A associates with the DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR), a negative regulator of mTORC1/2. Depletion of KDM4A decreases DEPTOR protein stability. Our results provide an additional molecular mechanism for the oncogenic activity of mutant IDH1/2 by revealing an unprecedented link between TCA cycle defects and positive modulation of mTOR function downstream of the canonical PI3K/AKT/TSC1-2 pathway. Oncogenic mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 result in the production of the oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate. Here the authors show that the oncometabolite promotes mTOR activation in a PTEN/PI3K-independent manner by regulating DEPTOR stability via inhibition of KDM4A activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Carbonneau
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.,Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Laurence M Gagné
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; Départements de Biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Marie-Eve Lalonde
- Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Marie-Anne Germain
- Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Alena Motorina
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.,Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Blandine Secco
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G5.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Emma E Vincent
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington OX3 7DQ, UK.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Laura Hulea
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1S6
| | - Jonathan Bergeman
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; Départements de Biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington OX3 7DQ, UK.,Botnar Research Center, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology &Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Russell G Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G5.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1S6
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Marc-Étienne Huot
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; Départements de Biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6.,CHU de Québec-Axe Oncologie (Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Québec City, Quebec Canada G1R 3S3
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.,Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
| |
Collapse
|
352
|
TeSlaa T, Chaikovsky AC, Lipchina I, Escobar SL, Hochedlinger K, Huang J, Graeber TG, Braas D, Teitell MA. α-Ketoglutarate Accelerates the Initial Differentiation of Primed Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Metab 2016; 24:485-493. [PMID: 27476976 PMCID: PMC5023506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can self-renew or differentiate from naive or more differentiated, primed, pluripotent states established by specific culture conditions. Increased intracellular α-ketoglutarate (αKG) was shown to favor self-renewal in naive mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The effect of αKG or αKG/succinate levels on differentiation from primed human PSCs (hPSCs) or mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) remains unknown. We examined primed hPSCs and EpiSCs and show that increased αKG or αKG-to-succinate ratios accelerate, and elevated succinate levels delay, primed PSC differentiation. αKG has been shown to inhibit the mitochondrial ATP synthase and to regulate epigenome-modifying dioxygenase enzymes. Mitochondrial uncoupling did not impede αKG-accelerated primed PSC differentiation. Instead, αKG induced, and succinate impaired, global histone and DNA demethylation in primed PSCs. The data support αKG promotion of self-renewal or differentiation depending on the pluripotent state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara TeSlaa
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrea C Chaikovsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Inna Lipchina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sandra L Escobar
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Konrad Hochedlinger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Pediatrics, and Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
353
|
Saxena C. Identification of protein binding partners of small molecules using label-free methods. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:1017-25. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1227316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
354
|
Lo YC, Senese S, Damoiseaux R, Torres JZ. 3D Chemical Similarity Networks for Structure-Based Target Prediction and Scaffold Hopping. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2244-53. [PMID: 27285961 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Target identification remains a major challenge for modern drug discovery programs aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms of drugs. Computational target prediction approaches like 2D chemical similarity searches have been widely used but are limited to structures sharing high chemical similarity. Here, we present a new computational approach called chemical similarity network analysis pull-down 3D (CSNAP3D) that combines 3D chemical similarity metrics and network algorithms for structure-based drug target profiling, ligand deorphanization, and automated identification of scaffold hopping compounds. In conjunction with 2D chemical similarity fingerprints, CSNAP3D achieved a >95% success rate in correctly predicting the drug targets of 206 known drugs. Significant improvement in target prediction was observed for HIV reverse transcriptase (HIVRT) compounds, which consist of diverse scaffold hopping compounds targeting the nucleotidyltransferase binding site. CSNAP3D was further applied to a set of antimitotic compounds identified in a cell-based chemical screen and identified novel small molecules that share a pharmacophore with Taxol and display a Taxol-like mechanism of action, which were validated experimentally using in vitro microtubule polymerization assays and cell-based assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Lo
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, ‡Program in Bioengineering, §Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, ∥California NanoSystems
Institute, ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and #The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Silvia Senese
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, ‡Program in Bioengineering, §Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, ∥California NanoSystems
Institute, ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and #The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, ‡Program in Bioengineering, §Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, ∥California NanoSystems
Institute, ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and #The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jorge Z. Torres
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, ‡Program in Bioengineering, §Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, ∥California NanoSystems
Institute, ⊥Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and #The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
355
|
Wahl DR, Venneti S. 2-Hydoxyglutarate: D/Riving Pathology in gLiomaS. Brain Pathol 2016; 25:760-8. [PMID: 26526944 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Common pathways and mechanisms can be found in both cancers and inborn errors of metabolism. 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) acidurias and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 mutant tumors are examples of this phenomenon. 2-HG can exist in two chiral forms, D(R)-2-HG and L(S)-2-HG, which are elevated in D- and L-acidurias, respectively. D-2-HG was subsequently discovered to be synthesized in IDH 1/2 mutant tumors including ∼70% of intermediate-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas (GBM). Recent studies have revealed that L-2-HG is generated in hypoxia in IDH wild-type tumors. Both 2-HG enantiomers have similar structures as α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and can competitively inhibit α-KG-dependent enzymes. This inhibition modulates numerous cellular processes, including histone and DNA methylation, and can ultimately impact oncogenesis. D-2-HG can be detected in vivo in glioma patients and animal models using advanced imaging modalities. Finally, pharmacologic inhibitors of mutant IDH 1/2 attenuate the production of D-2-HG and show great promise as therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
356
|
Hernández-Aguilera A, Fernández-Arroyo S, Cuyàs E, Luciano-Mateo F, Cabre N, Camps J, Lopez-Miranda J, Menendez JA, Joven J. Epigenetics and nutrition-related epidemics of metabolic diseases: Current perspectives and challenges. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:191-204. [PMID: 27503834 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We live in a world fascinated by the relationship between disease and nutritional disequilibrium. The subtle and slow effects of chronic nutrient toxicity are a major public health concern. Since food is potentially important for the development of "metabolic memory", there is a need for more information on the type of nutrients causing adverse or toxic effects. We now know that metabolic alterations produced by excessive intake of some nutrients, drugs and chemicals directly impact epigenetic regulation. We envision that understanding how metabolic pathways are coordinated by environmental and genetic factors will provide novel insights for the treatment of metabolic diseases. New methods will enable the assembly and analysis of large sets of complex molecular and clinical data for understanding how inflammation and mitochondria affect bioenergetics, epigenetics and health. Collectively, the observations we highlight indicate that energy utilization and disease are intimately connected by epigenetics. The challenge is to incorporate metabolo-epigenetic data in better interpretations of disease, to expedite therapeutic targeting of key pathways linking nutritional toxicity and metabolism. An additional concern is that changes in the parental phenotype are detectable in the methylome of subsequent offspring. The effect might create a menace to future generations and preconceptional considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Noemi Cabre
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; The Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
357
|
García-Bermúdez J, Cuezva JM. The ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1): A master regulator of energy metabolism and of cell survival. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1857:1167-1182. [PMID: 26876430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution we summarize most of the findings reported for the molecular and cellular biology of the physiological inhibitor of the mitochondrial H(+)-ATP synthase, the engine of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and gate of cell death. We first describe the structure and major mechanisms and molecules that regulate the activity of the ATP synthase placing the ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) as a major determinant in the regulation of the activity of the ATP synthase and hence of OXPHOS. Next, we summarize the post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate the expression of IF1 and emphasize, in addition to the regulation afforded by the protonation state of histidine residues, that the activity of IF1 as an inhibitor of the ATP synthase is also regulated by phosphorylation of a serine residue. Phosphorylation of S39 in IF1 by the action of a mitochondrial cAMP-dependent protein kinase A hampers its interaction with the ATP synthase, i.e., only dephosphorylated IF1 interacts with the enzyme. Upon IF1 interaction with the ATP synthase both the synthetic and hydrolytic activities of the engine of OXPHOS are inhibited. These findings are further placed into the physiological context to stress the emerging roles played by IF1 in metabolic reprogramming in cancer, in hypoxia and in cellular differentiation. We review also the implication of IF1 in other cellular situations that involve the malfunctioning of mitochondria. Special emphasis is given to the role of IF1 as driver of the generation of a reactive oxygen species signal that, emanating from mitochondria, is able to reprogram the nucleus of the cell to confer by various signaling pathways a cell-death resistant phenotype against oxidative stress. Overall, our intention is to highlight the urgent need of further investigations in the molecular and cellular biology of IF1 and of its target, the ATP synthase, to unveil new therapeutic strategies in human pathology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
358
|
Dietary alpha-ketoglutarate increases cold tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster and enhances protein pool and antioxidant defense in sex-specific manner. J Therm Biol 2016; 60:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
359
|
C. elegans screening strategies to identify pro-longevity interventions. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 157:60-9. [PMID: 27473404 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drugs screenings in search of enhancers or suppressors of selected readout(s) are nowadays mainly carried out in single cells systems. These approaches are however limited when searching for compounds with effects at the organismal level. To overcome this drawback the use of different model organisms to carry out modifier screenings has exponentially grown in the past decade. Unique characteristics such as easy manageability, low cost, fast reproductive cycle, short lifespan, simple anatomy and genetic amenability, make the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans especially suitable for this purpose. Here we briefly review the different high-throughput and high-content screenings which exploited the nematode to identify new compounds extending healthy lifespan. In this context, we describe our recently developed screening strategy to search for pro-longevity interventions taking advantage of the very reproducible phenotypes observed in C. elegans upon different degrees of mitochondrial stress. Indeed, in Mitochondrial mutants, the processes induced to cope with mild mitochondrial alterations during development, and ultimately extending animal lifespan, lead to reduced size and induction of specific stress responses. Instead, upon strong mitochondrial dysfunction, worms arrest their development. Exploiting these automatically quantifiable phenotypic readouts, we developed a new screening approach using the Cellomics ArrayScanVTI-HCS Reader and identified a new pro-longevity drug.
Collapse
|
360
|
Alpha-Ketoglutarate as a Molecule with Pleiotropic Activity: Well-Known and Novel Possibilities of Therapeutic Use. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 65:21-36. [PMID: 27326424 PMCID: PMC5274648 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), an endogenous intermediary metabolite in the Krebs cycle, is a molecule involved in multiple metabolic and cellular pathways. It functions as an energy donor, a precursor in the amino acid biosynthesis, a signalling molecule, as well as a regulator of epigenetic processes and cellular signalling via protein binding. AKG is an obligatory co-substrate for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, which catalyse hydroxylation reactions on various types of substrates. It regulates the activity of prolyl-4 hydroxylase, which controls the biosynthesis of collagen, a component of bone tissue. AKG also affects the functioning of prolyl hydroxylases, which, in turn, influences the function of the hypoxia-inducible factor, an important transcription factor in cancer development and progression. Additionally, it affects the functioning of enzymes that influence epigenetic modifications of chromatin: ten-eleven translocation hydroxylases involved in DNA demethylation and the Jumonji C domain containing lysine demethylases, which are the major histone demethylases. Thus, it regulates gene expression. The metabolic and extrametabolic function of AKG in cells and the organism open many different fields for therapeutic interventions for treatment of diseases. This review presents the results of studies conducted with the use of AKG in states of protein deficiency and oxidative stress conditions. It also discusses current knowledge about AKG as an immunomodulatory agent and a bone anabolic factor. Additionally, the regulatory role of AKG and its structural analogues in carcinogenesis as well as the results of studies of AKG as an anticancer agent are discussed.
Collapse
|
361
|
Abstract
The remarkable metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells result in the potential for targeted cancer therapy. The upregulation of glutaminolysis provides energetic advantages to cancer cells. The recently described link between glutaminolysis and autophagy, mediated by MTORC1, may constitute an attractive target for therapeutic strategies. A combination of therapies targeting simultane-ously cell signaling, cancer metabolism, and autophagy can solve therapy resistance and tumor relapse problems, commonly observed in patients treated with most of the current targeted therapies. In this review we summarize the mechanistic link between glutaminolysis and autophagy, and discuss the impacts of these processes on cancer progression and the potential for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
362
|
Yilmaz LS, Walhout AJM. A Caenorhabditis elegans Genome-Scale Metabolic Network Model. Cell Syst 2016; 2:297-311. [PMID: 27211857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful model to study metabolism and how it relates to nutrition, gene expression, and life history traits. However, while numerous experimental techniques that enable perturbation of its diet and gene function are available, a high-quality metabolic network model has been lacking. Here, we reconstruct an initial version of the C. elegans metabolic network. This network model contains 1,273 genes, 623 enzymes, and 1,985 metabolic reactions and is referred to as iCEL1273. Using flux balance analysis, we show that iCEL1273 is capable of representing the conversion of bacterial biomass into C. elegans biomass during growth and enables the predictions of gene essentiality and other phenotypes. In addition, we demonstrate that gene expression data can be integrated with the model by comparing metabolic rewiring in dauer animals versus growing larvae. iCEL1273 is available at a dedicated website (wormflux.umassmed.edu) and will enable the unraveling of the mechanisms by which different macro- and micronutrients contribute to the animal's physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Safak Yilmaz
- Programs in Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Albertha J M Walhout
- Programs in Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
363
|
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR), a moderate reduction in food intake, improves health during aging and extends life span across multiple species. Specific nutrients, rather than overall calories, mediate the effects of DR, with protein and specific amino acids (AAs) playing a key role. Modulations of single dietary AAs affect traits including growth, reproduction, physiology, health, and longevity in animals. Epidemiological data in humans also link the quality and quantity of dietary proteins to long-term health. Intricate nutrient-sensing pathways fine tune the metabolic responses to dietary AAs in a highly conserved manner. In turn, these metabolic responses can affect the onset of insulin resistance, obesity, neurodegenerative disease, and other age-related diseases. In this review we discuss how AA requirements are shaped and how ingested AAs regulate a spectrum of homeostatic processes. Finally, we highlight the resulting opportunity to develop nutritional strategies to improve human health during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George A Soultoukis
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Department of Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany; ,
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Department of Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany; , .,Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
364
|
Merkwirth C, Jovaisaite V, Durieux J, Matilainen O, Jordan SD, Quiros PM, Steffen KK, Williams EG, Mouchiroud L, Tronnes SU, Murillo V, Wolff SC, Shaw RJ, Auwerx J, Dillin A. Two Conserved Histone Demethylases Regulate Mitochondrial Stress-Induced Longevity. Cell 2016; 165:1209-1223. [PMID: 27133168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Across eukaryotic species, mild mitochondrial stress can have beneficial effects on the lifespan of organisms. Mitochondrial dysfunction activates an unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)), a stress signaling mechanism designed to ensure mitochondrial homeostasis. Perturbation of mitochondria during larval development in C. elegans not only delays aging but also maintains UPR(mt) signaling, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism that modulates both longevity and mitochondrial proteostasis throughout life. We identify the conserved histone lysine demethylases jmjd-1.2/PHF8 and jmjd-3.1/JMJD3 as positive regulators of lifespan in response to mitochondrial dysfunction across species. Reduction of function of the demethylases potently suppresses longevity and UPR(mt) induction, while gain of function is sufficient to extend lifespan in a UPR(mt)-dependent manner. A systems genetics approach in the BXD mouse reference population further indicates conserved roles of the mammalian orthologs in longevity and UPR(mt) signaling. These findings illustrate an evolutionary conserved epigenetic mechanism that determines the rate of aging downstream of mitochondrial perturbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Merkwirth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Virginija Jovaisaite
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jenni Durieux
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Olli Matilainen
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sabine D Jordan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pedro M Quiros
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Kristan K Steffen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Evan G Williams
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Mouchiroud
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sarah U Tronnes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Virginia Murillo
- The Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Suzanne C Wolff
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- The Glenn Center for Research on Aging, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Paul F. Glenn Center for Aging Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
365
|
Abstract
The metabolite 2-oxoglutarate (also known as α-ketoglutarate, 2-ketoglutaric acid, or oxoglutaric acid) lies at the intersection between the carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways. This compound is a key intermediate of one of the most fundamental biochemical pathways in carbon metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In addition, 2-oxoglutarate also acts as the major carbon skeleton for nitrogen-assimilatory reactions. Experimental data support the conclusion that intracellular levels of 2-oxoglutarate fluctuate according to nitrogen and carbon availability. This review summarizes how nature has capitalized on the ability of 2-oxoglutarate to reflect cellular nutritional status through evolution of a variety of 2-oxoglutarate-sensing regulatory proteins. The number of metabolic pathways known to be regulated by 2-oxoglutarate levels has increased significantly in recent years. The signaling properties of 2-oxoglutarate are highlighted by the fact that this metabolite regulates the synthesis of the well-established master signaling molecule, cyclic AMP (cAMP), in Escherichia coli.
Collapse
|
366
|
Porporato PE, Payen VL, Baselet B, Sonveaux P. Metabolic changes associated with tumor metastasis, part 2: Mitochondria, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1349-63. [PMID: 26646069 PMCID: PMC11108268 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations are a hallmark of cancer controlling tumor progression and metastasis. Among the various metabolic phenotypes encountered in tumors, this review focuses on the contributions of mitochondria, lipid and amino acid metabolism to the metastatic process. Tumor cells require functional mitochondria to grow, proliferate and metastasize, but shifts in mitochondrial activities confer pro-metastatic traits encompassing increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), enhanced resistance to apoptosis and the increased or de novo production of metabolic intermediates of the TCA cycle behaving as oncometabolites, including succinate, fumarate, and D-2-hydroxyglutarate that control energy production, biosynthesis and the redox state. Lipid metabolism and the metabolism of amino acids, such as glutamine, glutamate and proline are also currently emerging as focal control points of cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
367
|
Mishur RJ, Khan M, Munkácsy E, Sharma L, Bokov A, Beam H, Radetskaya O, Borror M, Lane R, Bai Y, Rea SL. Mitochondrial metabolites extend lifespan. Aging Cell 2016; 15:336-48. [PMID: 26729005 PMCID: PMC4783347 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondrial respiration in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can extend lifespan. We previously showed that long-lived respiratory mutants generate elevated amounts of α-ketoacids. These compounds are structurally related to α-ketoglutarate, suggesting they may be biologically relevant. Here, we show that provision of several such metabolites to wild-type worms is sufficient to extend their life. At least one mode of action is through stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). We also find that an α-ketoglutarate mimetic, 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,4-PDA), is alone sufficient to increase the lifespan of wild-type worms and this effect is blocked by removal of HIF-1. HIF-1 is constitutively active in isp-1(qm150) Mit mutants, and accordingly, 2,4-PDA does not further increase their lifespan. Incubation of mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblasts with life-prolonging α-ketoacids also results in HIF-1α stabilization. We propose that metabolites that build up following mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction form a novel mode of cell signaling that acts to regulate lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Mishur
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Maruf Khan
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Erin Munkácsy
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
- Department of Cellular & Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Lokendra Sharma
- Department of Cellular & Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
- Biotechnology ProgrammeCenter for Biological SciencesCentral University of South BiharPatna800014India
| | - Alex Bokov
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Haley Beam
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Oxana Radetskaya
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Megan Borror
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Rebecca Lane
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Yidong Bai
- Department of Cellular & Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| | - Shane L. Rea
- The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTX78229USA
| |
Collapse
|
368
|
Quirós PM, Mottis A, Auwerx J. Mitonuclear communication in homeostasis and stress. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:213-26. [PMID: 26956194 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in crucial cellular processes such as energy harvesting and intermediate metabolism. Although mitochondria possess their own genome--a vestige of their bacterial origins and endosymbiotic evolution--most mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus. The expression of the mitochondrial proteome hence requires tight coordination between the two genomes to adapt mitochondrial function to the ever-changing cellular milieu. In this Review, we focus on the pathways that coordinate the communication between mitochondria and the nucleus during homeostasis and mitochondrial stress. These pathways include nucleus-to-mitochondria (anterograde) and mitochondria-to-nucleus (retrograde) communication, mitonuclear feedback signalling and proteostasis regulation, the integrated stress response and non-cell-autonomous communication. We discuss how mitonuclear communication safeguards cellular and organismal fitness and regulates lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Quirós
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Mottis
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
369
|
Takahashi K, Kohno H. Different Polar Metabolites and Protein Profiles between High- and Low-Quality Japanese Ginjo Sake. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150524. [PMID: 26939054 PMCID: PMC4777507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese ginjo sake is a premium refined sake characterized by a pleasant fruity apple-like flavor and a sophisticated taste. Because of technical difficulties inherent in brewing ginjo sake, off-flavors sometimes occur. However, the metabolites responsible for off-flavors as well as those present or absent in higher quality ginjo sake remain uncertain. Here, the relationship between 202 polar chemical compounds in sake identified using capillary electrophoresis coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry and its organoleptic properties, such as quality and off-flavor, was examined. First, we found that some off-flavored sakes contained higher total amounts of metabolites than other sake samples. The results also identified that levels of 2-oxoglutaric acid and fumaric acid, metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were highly but oppositely correlated with ginjo sake quality. Similarly, pyridoxine and pyridoxamine, co-enzymes for amino transferase, were also highly but oppositely correlated with ginjo sake quality. Additionally, pyruvic acid levels were associated with good quality as well. Compounds involved in the methionine salvage cycle, oxidative glutathione derivatives, and amino acid catabolites were correlated with low quality. Among off-flavors, an inharmonious bitter taste appeared attributable to polyamines. Furthermore, protein analysis displayed that a diversity of protein components and yeast protein (triosephosphate isomerase, TPI) leakage was linked to the overall metabolite intensity in ginjo sake. This research provides insight into the relationship between sake components and organoleptic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739–0046, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiromi Kohno
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739–0046, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
370
|
Chang J, Kwon HJ. Discovery of novel drug targets and their functions using phenotypic screening of natural products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:221-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural products are valuable resources that provide a variety of bioactive compounds and natural pharmacophores in modern drug discovery. Discovery of biologically active natural products and unraveling their target proteins to understand their mode of action have always been critical hurdles for their development into clinical drugs. For effective discovery and development of bioactive natural products into novel therapeutic drugs, comprehensive screening and identification of target proteins are indispensable. In this review, a systematic approach to understanding the mode of action of natural products isolated using phenotypic screening involving chemical proteomics-based target identification is introduced. This review highlights three natural products recently discovered via phenotypic screening, namely glucopiericidin A, ecumicin, and terpestacin, as representative case studies to revisit the pivotal role of natural products as powerful tools in discovering the novel functions and druggability of targets in biological systems and pathological diseases of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Chang
- grid.15444.30 0000000404705454 Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University 120-749 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- grid.15444.30 0000000404705454 Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology Yonsei University 120-749 Seoul Republic of Korea
- grid.15444.30 0000000404705454 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Yonsei University 120-752 Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
371
|
Noce A, Canale MP, Capria A, Rovella V, Tesauro M, Splendiani G, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Manzuoli M, Simonetti G, Di Daniele N. Coronary artery calcifications predict long term cardiovascular events in non diabetic Caucasian hemodialysis patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:269-79. [PMID: 26131456 PMCID: PMC4429091 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcifications are frequent in chronic renal disease and are associated to significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The long term predictive value of coronary artery calcifications detected by multi-layer spiral computed tomography for major cardiovascular events was evaluated in non-diabetic Caucasian patients on maintenance hemodialysis free of clinical cardiovascular disease. Two-hundred and five patients on maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled into this observational, prospective cohort study. Patients underwent a single cardiac multi-layer spiral computed tomography. Calcium load was quantified and patients grouped according to the Agatston score: group 1 (Agatston score: 0), group 2 (Agatston score 1-400), group 3 (Agatston score 401-1000) and group 4 (Agatston score >1000). Follow-up was longer than seven years. Primary endpoint was death from a major cardiovascular event. Actuarial survival was calculated separately in the four groups with Kaplan-Meier method. Patients who died from causes other than cardiovascular disease and transplanted patients were censored. The “log rank” test was employed to compare survival curves. One-hundred two patients (49.7%) died for a major cardiovascular event during the follow-up period. Seven-year actuarial survival was more than 90% for groups 1 and 2, but failed to about 50% for group 3 and to <10% for group 4. Hence, Agatston score >400 predicts a significantly higher cardiovascular mortality compared with Agatston score <400 (p<0.0001); furthermore, serum Parathyroid hormone levels > 300 pg/l were associated to a lower survival (p < 0.05). Extended coronary artery calcifications detected by cardiac multi-layer spiral computed tomography, strongly predicted long term cardiovascular mortality in non-diabetic Caucasian patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Moreover, it was not related to conventional indices of atherosclerosis, but to other non-traditional risk factors, as serum Parathyroid hormone levels. A full cost-benefit analysis is however necessary to justify a widespread use of cardiac multi-layer spiral computed tomography in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
372
|
Santacatterina F, Sánchez-Cenizo L, Formentini L, Mobasher MA, Casas E, Rueda CB, Martínez-Reyes I, de Arenas CN, García-Bermúdez J, Zapata JM, Sánchez-Aragó M, Satrústegui J, Valverde ÁM, Cuezva JM. Down-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in the liver by expression of the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 induces a tumor-promoter metabolic state. Oncotarget 2016; 7:490-508. [PMID: 26595676 PMCID: PMC4808013 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase that regulates the activity of both oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and cell death. Here, we have developed transgenic Tet-On and Tet-Off mice that express a mutant active form of hIF1 in the hepatocytes to restrain OXPHOS in the liver to investigate the relevance of mitochondrial activity in hepatocarcinogenesis. The expression of hIF1 promotes the inhibition of OXPHOS in both Tet-On and Tet-Off mouse models and induces a state of metabolic preconditioning guided by the activation of the stress kinases AMPK and p38 MAPK. Expression of the transgene significantly augmented proliferation and apoptotic resistance of carcinoma cells, which contributed to an enhanced diethylnitrosamine-induced liver carcinogenesis. Moreover, the expression of hIF1 also diminished acetaminophen-induced apoptosis, which is unrelated to differences in permeability transition pore opening. Mechanistically, cell survival in hIF1-preconditioned hepatocytes results from a nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)-guided antioxidant response. The results emphasize in vivo that a metabolic phenotype with a restrained OXPHOS in the liver is prone to the development of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Santacatterina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Cenizo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Formentini
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maysa A. Mobasher
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Casas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos B. Rueda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Martínez-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Núñez de Arenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. Zapata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Aragó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorgina Satrústegui
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
373
|
Li J, Xu H, West GM, Jones LH. Label-free technologies for target identification and validation. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00045b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical probes have been instrumental in revealing new targets and confirming target engagement. However, substantial effort and resources are required to design and synthesize these probes. In contrast, label-free technologies have the advantage of bypassing the need for chemical probes. Here we highlight the recent developments in label-free methods and discuss the pros and cons of each approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
- Pfizer
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Hua Xu
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry
- Pfizer
- Cambridge
- USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
374
|
Wu N, Yang M, Gaur U, Xu H, Yao Y, Li D. Alpha-Ketoglutarate: Physiological Functions and Applications. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:1-8. [PMID: 26759695 PMCID: PMC4703346 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key molecule in the Krebs cycle determining the overall rate of the citric acid cycle of the organism. It is a nitrogen scavenger and a source of glutamate and glutamine that stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein degradation in muscles. AKG as a precursor of glutamate and glutamine is a central metabolic fuel for cells of the gastrointestinal tract as well. AKG can decrease protein catabolism and increase protein synthesis to enhance bone tissue formation in the skeletal muscles and can be used in clinical applications. In addition to these health benefits, a recent study has shown that AKG can extend the lifespan of adult Caenorhabditis elegans by inhibiting ATP synthase and TOR. AKG not only extends lifespan, but also delays age-related disease. In this review, we will summarize the advances in AKG research field, in the content of its physiological functions and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
375
|
Chang J, Kim Y, Kwon HJ. Advances in identification and validation of protein targets of natural products without chemical modification. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:719-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00107b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on and reports case studies of the latest advances in target protein identification methods for label-free natural products. The integration of newly developed technologies will provide new insights and highlight the value of natural products for use as biological probes and new drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Chang
- Department of Biotechnology
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
| | - Y. Kim
- Department of Biotechnology
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
| | - H. J. Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
| |
Collapse
|
376
|
Hurez V, Dao V, Liu A, Pandeswara S, Gelfond J, Sun L, Bergman M, Orihuela CJ, Galvan V, Padrón Á, Drerup J, Liu Y, Hasty P, Sharp ZD, Curiel TJ. Chronic mTOR inhibition in mice with rapamycin alters T, B, myeloid, and innate lymphoid cells and gut flora and prolongs life of immune-deficient mice. Aging Cell 2015; 14:945-56. [PMID: 26315673 PMCID: PMC4693453 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates critical immune processes that remain incompletely defined. Interest in mTOR inhibitor drugs is heightened by recent demonstrations that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin extends lifespan and healthspan in mice. Rapamycin or related analogues (rapalogues) also mitigate age-related debilities including increasing antigen-specific immunity, improving vaccine responses in elderly humans, and treating cancers and autoimmunity, suggesting important new clinical applications. Nonetheless, immune toxicity concerns for long-term mTOR inhibition, particularly immunosuppression, persist. Although mTOR is pivotal to fundamental, important immune pathways, little is reported on immune effects of mTOR inhibition in lifespan or healthspan extension, or with chronic mTOR inhibitor use. We comprehensively analyzed immune effects of rapamycin as used in lifespan extension studies. Gene expression profiling found many and novel changes in genes affecting differentiation, function, homeostasis, exhaustion, cell death, and inflammation in distinct T- and B-lymphocyte and myeloid cell subpopulations. Immune functions relevant to aging and inflammation, and to cancer and infections, and innate lymphoid cell effects were validated in vitro and in vivo. Rapamycin markedly prolonged lifespan and healthspan in cancer- and infection-prone mice supporting disease mitigation as a mechanism for mTOR suppression-mediated longevity extension. It modestly altered gut metagenomes, and some metagenomic effects were linked to immune outcomes. Our data show novel mTOR inhibitor immune effects meriting further studies in relation to longevity and healthspan extension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hurez
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vinh Dao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aijie Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Pandeswara
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lishi Sun
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Molly Bergman
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carlos J Orihuela
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Álvaro Padrón
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Justin Drerup
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Paul Hasty
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zelton Dave Sharp
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
377
|
Rangaraju S, Solis GM, Thompson RC, Gomez-Amaro RL, Kurian L, Encalada SE, Niculescu AB, Salomon DR, Petrascheck M. Suppression of transcriptional drift extends C. elegans lifespan by postponing the onset of mortality. eLife 2015; 4:e08833. [PMID: 26623667 PMCID: PMC4720515 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity mechanisms increase lifespan by counteracting the effects of aging. However, whether longevity mechanisms counteract the effects of aging continually throughout life, or whether they act during specific periods of life, preventing changes that precede mortality is unclear. Here, we uncover transcriptional drift, a phenomenon that describes how aging causes genes within functional groups to change expression in opposing directions. These changes cause a transcriptome-wide loss in mRNA stoichiometry and loss of co-expression patterns in aging animals, as compared to young adults. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we show that extending lifespan by inhibiting serotonergic signals by the antidepressant mianserin attenuates transcriptional drift, allowing the preservation of a younger transcriptome into an older age. Our data are consistent with a model in which inhibition of serotonergic signals slows age-dependent physiological decline and the associated rise in mortality levels exclusively in young adults, thereby postponing the onset of major mortality. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08833.001 All organisms age, leading to gradual declines in the body’s systems and eventually death. How certain genetic mutations and drugs delay the effects of aging and promote survival to an older age is a question many researchers are exploring. One way this problem is investigated is by looking at how the activity – or expression – of different genes changes during aging. Scientists interested in understanding aging and longevity often study a simple worm called Caenorhabditis elegans. This worm normally lives for about three weeks, and young C. elegans are able to produce offspring within days of hatching. This accelerated life cycle allows scientists to observe the entire lifespan of the worms. Over time, experiments have shown that DNA damage, changes in behavior and changes to gene expression are all markers of aging in the worms. Now, Rangaraju et al. describe how changes in gene expression patterns that begin early in the lives of C. elegans shorten their lifespan. Specifically, in groups of genes that work together, some genes increase expression, while others decrease expression with age. This phenomenon is called “transcriptional drift” and leads to an age-associated loss of coordination among groups of genes that help orchestrate specific tasks. Rangaraju et al. show that an antidepressant called mianserin prevents transcriptional drift in many of C. elegans’ genes: young worms treated with the drug resist the effects of aging on the transcriptome and maintain coordinated patterns of gene expression for longer. Maintaining coordinated patterns of gene expression postpones the onset of age-related bodily declines and extends the life of treated worms by extending the duration of young adulthood and postponing the onset of age-associated death. The drug also appears to protect against stress-induced changes in gene expression. This suggests that some of the age-related shifts in gene expression occur when cells fail to recover normal gene expression patterns after a stressful event. Questions that remain to be investigated in future studies are whether other longevity mechanisms also extend lifespan by preserving coordinated gene expression patterns, and whether other longevity mechanisms act by extending specific periods of life. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08833.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunitha Rangaraju
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Gregory M Solis
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ryan C Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Rafael L Gomez-Amaro
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Leo Kurian
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra E Encalada
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Alexander B Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Daniel R Salomon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Michael Petrascheck
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| |
Collapse
|
378
|
Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to present the case for shifting the focus of research on aging and anti-aging from lifespan pharmacology to what I like to call healthspan pharmacology, in which the desired outcome is the extension of healthy years of life rather than lifespan alone. Lifespan could be influenced by both genetic and epigenetic factors, but a long lifespan may not be a good indicator of an optimal healthspan. Without improving healthspan, prolonging longevity would have enormous negative socioeconomic outcomes for humans. Therefore, the goal of aging and anti-aging research should be to add healthy years to life and not merely to increase the chronological age. This article summarizes and compares two categories of pharmacologically induced lifespan extension studies in animal model systems from the last two decades-those reporting the effects of pharmacological interventions on lifespan extension alone versus others that include their effects on both lifespan and healthspan in the analysis. The conclusion is that the extrapolation of pharmacological results from animal studies to humans is likely to be more relevant when both lifespan and healthspan extension properties of pharmacological intervention are taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Jafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California
| |
Collapse
|
379
|
Ivanov DK, Escott-Price V, Ziehm M, Magwire MM, Mackay TFC, Partridge L, Thornton JM. Longevity GWAS Using the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 70:1470-8. [PMID: 25922346 PMCID: PMC4631106 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We used 197 Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) lines to perform a genome-wide association analysis for virgin female lifespan, using ~2M common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We found considerable genetic variation in lifespan in the DGRP, with a broad-sense heritability of 0.413. There was little power to detect signals at a genome-wide level in single-SNP and gene-based analyses. Polygenic score analysis revealed that a small proportion of the variation in lifespan (~4.7%) was explicable in terms of additive effects of common SNPs (≥2% minor allele frequency). However, several of the top associated genes are involved in the processes previously shown to impact ageing (eg, carbohydrate-related metabolism, regulation of cell death, proteolysis). Other top-ranked genes are of unknown function and provide promising candidates for experimental examination. Genes in the target of rapamycin pathway (TOR; Chrb, slif, mipp2, dredd, RpS9, dm) contributed to the significant enrichment of this pathway among the top-ranked 100 genes (p = 4.79×10(-06)). Gene Ontology analysis suggested that genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are important for lifespan; including the InterPro term DUF227, which has been previously associated with lifespan determination. This analysis suggests that our understanding of the genetic basis of natural variation in lifespan from induced mutations is incomplete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dobril K Ivanov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Matthias Ziehm
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK. Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment, The Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, UK
| | - Michael M Magwire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Genetics and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh. Syngenta, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Trudy F C Mackay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Genetics and W. M. Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - Linda Partridge
- Department of Genetics Evolution and Environment, The Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, UK. Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janet M Thornton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
380
|
García-Bermúdez J, Sánchez-Aragó M, Soldevilla B, Del Arco A, Nuevo-Tapioles C, Cuezva JM. PKA Phosphorylates the ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 and Inactivates Its Capacity to Bind and Inhibit the Mitochondrial H(+)-ATP Synthase. Cell Rep 2015; 12:2143-55. [PMID: 26387949 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial H(+)-ATP synthase synthesizes most of cellular ATP requirements by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) is known to inhibit the hydrolase activity of the H(+)-ATP synthase in situations that compromise OXPHOS. Herein, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of S39 in IF1 by mitochondrial protein kinase A abolishes its capacity to bind the H(+)-ATP synthase. Only dephosphorylated IF1 binds and inhibits both the hydrolase and synthase activities of the enzyme. The phosphorylation status of IF1 regulates the flux of aerobic glycolysis and ATP production through OXPHOS in hypoxia and during the cell cycle. Dephosphorylated IF1 is present in human carcinomas. Remarkably, mouse heart contains a large fraction of dephosphorylated IF1 that becomes phosphorylated and inactivated upon in vivo β-adrenergic stimulation. Overall, we demonstrate the essential function of the phosphorylation of IF1 in regulating energy metabolism and speculate that dephosho-IF1 might play a role in signaling mitohormesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Aragó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Soldevilla
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Del Arco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Área de Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Cristina Nuevo-Tapioles
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
381
|
Epigenetic regulation of ageing: linking environmental inputs to genomic stability. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:593-610. [PMID: 26373265 DOI: 10.1038/nrm4048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is affected by both genetic and non-genetic factors. Here, we review the chromatin-based epigenetic changes that occur during ageing, the role of chromatin modifiers in modulating lifespan and the importance of epigenetic signatures as biomarkers of ageing. We also discuss how epigenome remodelling by environmental stimuli affects several aspects of transcription and genomic stability, with important consequences for longevity, and outline epigenetic differences between the 'mortal soma' and the 'immortal germ line'. Finally, we discuss the inheritance of characteristics of ageing and potential chromatin-based strategies to delay or reverse hallmarks of ageing or age-related diseases.
Collapse
|
382
|
Fu X, Chin RM, Vergnes L, Hwang H, Deng G, Xing Y, Pai MY, Li S, Ta L, Fazlollahi F, Chen C, Prins RM, Teitell MA, Nathanson DA, Lai A, Faull KF, Jiang M, Clarke SG, Cloughesy TF, Graeber TG, Braas D, Christofk HR, Jung ME, Reue K, Huang J. 2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibits ATP Synthase and mTOR Signaling. Cell Metab 2015; 22:508-15. [PMID: 26190651 PMCID: PMC4663076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We discovered recently that the central metabolite α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) extends the lifespan of C. elegans through inhibition of ATP synthase and TOR signaling. Here we find, unexpectedly, that (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate ((R)-2HG), an oncometabolite that interferes with various α-KG-mediated processes, similarly extends worm lifespan. (R)-2HG accumulates in human cancers carrying neomorphic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 genes. We show that, like α-KG, both (R)-2HG and (S)-2HG bind and inhibit ATP synthase and inhibit mTOR signaling. These effects are mirrored in IDH1 mutant cells, suggesting a growth-suppressive function of (R)-2HG. Consistently, inhibition of ATP synthase by 2-HG or α-KG in glioblastoma cells is sufficient for growth arrest and tumor cell killing under conditions of glucose limitation, e.g., when ketone bodies (instead of glucose) are supplied for energy. These findings inform therapeutic strategies and open avenues for investigating the roles of 2-HG and metabolites in biology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Fu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Randall M Chin
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Heejun Hwang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yanpeng Xing
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Melody Y Pai
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sichen Li
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lisa Ta
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Farbod Fazlollahi
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chuo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Robert M Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David A Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kym F Faull
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Meisheng Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael E Jung
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
383
|
Bayliak MM, Lylyk MP, Vytvytska OM, Lushchak VI. Assessment of antioxidant properties of alpha-keto acids in vitro and in vivo. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
384
|
Zheng W, Li G, Li X. Affinity purification in target identification: the specificity challenge. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1661-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
385
|
|
386
|
Kaweeteerawat C, Chang CH, Roy KR, Liu R, Li R, Toso D, Fischer H, Ivask A, Ji Z, Zink JI, Zhou ZH, Chanfreau GF, Telesca D, Cohen Y, Ann Holden P, Nel AE, Godwin HA. Cu Nanoparticles Have Different Impacts in Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus brevis than Their Microsized and Ionic Analogues. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7215-25. [PMID: 26168153 PMCID: PMC5698005 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Copper formulations have been used for decades for antimicrobial and antifouling applications. With the development of nanoformulations of copper that are more effective than their ionic and microsized analogues, a key regulatory question is whether these materials should be treated as new or existing materials. To address this issue, here we compare the magnitude and mechanisms of toxicity of a series of Cu species (at concentration ranging from 2 to 250 μg/mL), including nano Cu, nano CuO, nano Cu(OH)2 (CuPro and Kocide), micro Cu, micro CuO, ionic Cu(2+) (CuCl2 and CuSO4) in two species of bacteria (Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus brevis). The primary size of the particles studied ranged from 10 nm to 10 μm. Our results reveal that Cu and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) are more toxic than their microsized counterparts at the same Cu concentration, with toxicities approaching those of the ionic Cu species. Strikingly, these NPs showed distinct differences in their mode of toxicity when compared to the ionic and microsized Cu, highlighting the unique toxicity properties of materials at the nanoscale. In vitro DNA damage assays reveal that both nano Cu and microsized Cu are capable of causing complete degradation of plasmid DNA, but electron tomography results show that only nanoformulations of Cu are internalized as intact intracellular particles. These studies suggest that nano Cu at the concentration of 50 μg/mL may have unique genotoxicity in bacteria compared to ionic and microsized Cu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chitrada Kaweeteerawat
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Degree Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kevin R. Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Rong Liu
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90039, United States
| | - Ruibin Li
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Daniel Toso
- Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heidi Fischer
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Angela Ivask
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jeffrey I. Zink
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Z. Hong Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Guillaume Francois Chanfreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Donatello Telesca
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yoram Cohen
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90039, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Patricia Ann Holden
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, and Earth Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, United States
| | - Andre E. Nel
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hilary A. Godwin
- University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Degree Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90039, United States
- Corresponding author: mailing address: Fielding School of Public Health; Department of Environmental Health Sciences; 66-062B CHS; BOX 951772; Los Angeles, CA 90095, UNITED STATES phone: (310) 794-9112; fax: (310) 794-2106
| |
Collapse
|
387
|
Molecular mechanisms of the non-coenzyme action of thiamin in brain: biochemical, structural and pathway analysis. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26212886 PMCID: PMC4515825 DOI: 10.1038/srep12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamin (vitamin B1) is a pharmacological agent boosting central metabolism through the action of the coenzyme thiamin diphosphate (ThDP). However, positive effects, including improved cognition, of high thiamin doses in neurodegeneration may be observed without increased ThDP or ThDP-dependent enzymes in brain. Here, we determine protein partners and metabolic pathways where thiamin acts beyond its coenzyme role. Malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and pyridoxal kinase were identified as abundant proteins binding to thiamin- or thiazolium-modified sorbents. Kinetic studies, supported by structural analysis, revealed allosteric regulation of these proteins by thiamin and/or its derivatives. Thiamin triphosphate and adenylated thiamin triphosphate activate glutamate dehydrogenase. Thiamin and ThDP regulate malate dehydrogenase isoforms and pyridoxal kinase. Thiamin regulation of enzymes related to malate-aspartate shuttle may impact on malate/citrate exchange, responsible for exporting acetyl residues from mitochondria. Indeed, bioinformatic analyses found an association between thiamin- and thiazolium-binding proteins and the term acetylation. Our interdisciplinary study shows that thiamin is not only a coenzyme for acetyl-CoA production, but also an allosteric regulator of acetyl-CoA metabolism including regulatory acetylation of proteins and acetylcholine biosynthesis. Moreover, thiamin action in neurodegeneration may also involve neurodegeneration-related 14-3-3, DJ-1 and β-amyloid precursor proteins identified among the thiamin- and/or thiazolium-binding proteins.
Collapse
|
388
|
Lin AP, Abbas S, Kim SW, Ortega M, Bouamar H, Escobedo Y, Varadarajan P, Qin Y, Sudderth J, Schulz E, Deutsch A, Mohan S, Ulz P, Neumeister P, Rakheja D, Gao X, Hinck A, Weintraub ST, DeBerardinis RJ, Sill H, Dahia PLM, Aguiar RCT. D2HGDH regulates alpha-ketoglutarate levels and dioxygenase function by modulating IDH2. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7768. [PMID: 26178471 PMCID: PMC4515030 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) convert isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG). In cancer, mutant IDH1/2 reduces α-KG to D2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG) disrupting α-KG-dependent dioxygenases. However, the physiological relevance of controlling the interconversion of D2-HG into α-KG, mediated by D2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH), remains obscure. Here we show that wild-type D2HGDH elevates α-KG levels, influencing histone and DNA methylation, and HIF1α hydroxylation. Conversely, the D2HGDH mutants that we find in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are enzymatically inert. D2-HG is a low-abundance metabolite, but we show that it can meaningfully elevate α-KG levels by positively modulating mitochondrial IDH activity and inducing IDH2 expression. Accordingly, genetic depletion of IDH2 abrogates D2HGDH effects, whereas ectopic IDH2 rescues D2HGDH-deficient cells. Our data link D2HGDH to cancer and describe an additional role for the enzyme: the regulation of IDH2 activity and α-KG-mediated epigenetic remodelling. These data further expose the intricacies of mitochondrial metabolism and inform on the pathogenesis of D2HGDH-deficient diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Ping Lin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Saman Abbas
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Manoela Ortega
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Hakim Bouamar
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Yissela Escobedo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Prakash Varadarajan
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Yuejuan Qin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Jessica Sudderth
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Eduard Schulz
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Sumitra Mohan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ulz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Neumeister
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dinesh Rakheja
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Andrew Hinck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Patricia L M Dahia
- 1] Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA [2] Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA [3] Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Ricardo C T Aguiar
- 1] Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA [2] Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA [3] Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA [4] South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Hospital, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
389
|
Lourenço AB, Muñoz-Jiménez C, Venegas-Calerón M, Artal-Sanz M. Analysis of the effect of the mitochondrial prohibitin complex, a context-dependent modulator of longevity, on the C. elegans metabolome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1457-68. [PMID: 26092086 PMCID: PMC4580209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial prohibitin complex, composed of two proteins, PHB-1 and PHB-2, is a context-dependent modulator of longevity. Specifically, prohibitin deficiency shortens the lifespan of otherwise wild type worms, while it dramatically extends the lifespan under compromised metabolic conditions. This extremely intriguingly phenotype has been linked to alterations in mitochondrial function and in fat metabolism. However, the true function of the mitochondrial prohibitin complex remains elusive. Here, we used gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and 1H NMR spectroscopy to gain molecular insights into the effect of prohibitin depletion on the Caenorhabditis elegans metabolome. We analysed the effect of prohibitin deficiency in two different developmental stages and under two different conditions, which result in opposing longevity phenotypes, namely wild type worms and daf-2(e1370) insulin signalling deficient mutants. Prohibitin depletion was shown to alter the fatty acid (GC/FID) and 1H NMR metabolic profiles of wild type animals both at the fourth larval stage of development (L4) and at the young adult (YA) stage, while being more pronounced at the later stage. Furthermore, wild type and the diapause mutant daf-2(e1370), either expressing or not prohibitin, were clearly distinguishable based on their metabolic profiles, revealing changes in fatty acid composition, as well as in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, the metabolic data indicate that daf-2(e1370) mutants are more robust than the wild type animals to changes induced by prohibitin depletion. The impact of prohibitin depletion on the C. elegans metabolome will be discussed herein in the scope of its effect on longevity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging. Guest Editor: Aleksandra Trifunovic Impact of the mitochondrial prohibitin (PHB) complex on the C. elegans metabolome Depletion of individual PHB subunits results in similar metabolic profiles. PHB affects fatty acid composition, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. daf-2 mutants are more robust than wild type worms to the effect of PHB depletion. Modulation of fermentation may contribute to the longevity of PHB-depleted worms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur B Lourenço
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD), CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Celia Muñoz-Jiménez
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD), CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mónica Venegas-Calerón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (IG-CSIC), Ctra. Utrera Km 1, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Artal-Sanz
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology (CABD), CSIC, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
390
|
Diet-induced changes in brain structure and behavior in old gerbils. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e163. [PMID: 26075640 PMCID: PMC4491854 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Aging is associated with many physiological alterations such as changes in metabolism, food intake and brain dysfunction. Possible ways to correct age-related brain dysfunction using dietary treatments still remains undeveloped. The aim of our research was to investigate whether long-term dietary treatment with 2-oxoglutarate (2-OX), which is involved in many regulatory pathways, together with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin (PLEM), which ensure appropriate digestion and absorption of nutrients, affects age-related changes in the brain morphology and cognitive function in old Mongolian gerbils. Materials/methods: Experiment was comprised of two separate studies. Samples of the hippocampus were obtained from male Mongolian gerbils of different ages (n=63 in the first study, n=74 in the second study). Immunohistochemistry was used for visualization of the nestin/NeuN-positive neuronal progenitors. Changes in amount of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For assessment of cognitive and sensorimotor functions, the T-maze spontaneous alternation test and the adhesive removal test (ART) were used. The ultrastructure of the CA1 hippocampal area was visualized using transmission electron microscopy. Results: Long-term treatment with 2-OX+PLEM led to a significantly increased amount of nestin/NeuN-positive cells in the CA1 hippocampal area and positive changes in learning and sensorimotor functions. As for synaptic transmission, changes in the spatial distribution of synaptic vesicles, as well as the redistribution of NCAM forms, were observed in the hippocampal synapses of the old gerbils. Conclusions: Taken together, our data show that dietary supplementation with 2-OX+PLEM not only enhances the proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitors, but also improves age-related deficits in the morphological and functional state of the brain of old gerbils. Thus, suggesting that a 2-OX+PLEM-enriched diet could also improve brain functions that have deteriorated with age.
Collapse
|
391
|
Target deconvolution of bioactive small molecules: the heart of chemical biology and drug discovery. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1627-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
392
|
Lorendeau D, Christen S, Rinaldi G, Fendt SM. Metabolic control of signalling pathways and metabolic auto-regulation. Biol Cell 2015; 107:251-72. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201500015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Lorendeau
- Vesalius Research Center; VIB; Leuven 3000 Belgium
- Department of Oncology; KU Leuven; Leuven 3000 Belgium
| | - Stefan Christen
- Vesalius Research Center; VIB; Leuven 3000 Belgium
- Department of Oncology; KU Leuven; Leuven 3000 Belgium
| | - Gianmarco Rinaldi
- Vesalius Research Center; VIB; Leuven 3000 Belgium
- Department of Oncology; KU Leuven; Leuven 3000 Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Vesalius Research Center; VIB; Leuven 3000 Belgium
- Department of Oncology; KU Leuven; Leuven 3000 Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
393
|
Fontana L, Partridge L. Promoting health and longevity through diet: from model organisms to humans. Cell 2015; 161:106-118. [PMID: 25815989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 794] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reduced food intake, avoiding malnutrition, can ameliorate aging and aging-associated diseases in invertebrate model organisms, rodents, primates, and humans. Recent findings indicate that meal timing is crucial, with both intermittent fasting and adjusted diurnal rhythm of feeding improving health and function, in the absence of changes in overall intake. Lowered intake of particular nutrients rather than of overall calories is also key, with protein and specific amino acids playing prominent roles. Nutritional modulation of the microbiome can also be important, and there are long-term, including inter-generational, effects of diet. The metabolic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that mediate both improvement in health during aging to diet and genetic variation in the response to diet are being identified. These new findings are opening the way to specific dietary and pharmacological interventions to recapture the full potential benefits of dietary restriction, which humans can find difficult to maintain voluntarily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fontana
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Science, Brescia University, 25123 Brescia, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Environment, and Evolution, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
394
|
Okado Y, Shigetomi K, Mitsuhashi S, Ubukata M. First total synthesis of (+)-epogymnolactam, a novel autophagy inducer. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 68:721-4. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
395
|
Abstract
The ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and has been shown to be protective in many disease models, but its effects on aging are not well studied. Therefore we determined the effect of βHB supplementation on the lifespan of C. elegans nematodes. βHB supplementation extended mean lifespan by approximately 20%. RNAi knockdown of HDACs hda-2 or hda-3 also increased lifespan and further prevented βHB-mediated lifespan extension. βHB-mediated lifespan extension required the DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf longevity pathways, the sirtuin SIR-2.1, and the AMP kinase subunit AAK-2. βHB did not extend lifespan in a genetic model of dietary restriction indicating that βHB is likely functioning through a similar mechanism. βHB addition also upregulated βHB dehydrogenase activity and increased oxygen consumption in the worms. RNAi knockdown of F55E10.6, a short chain dehydrogenase and SKN-1 target gene, prevented the increased lifespan and βHB dehydrogenase activity induced by βHB addition, suggesting that F55E10.6 functions as an inducible βHB dehydrogenase. Furthermore, βHB supplementation increased worm thermotolerance and partially prevented glucose toxicity. It also delayed Alzheimer's amyloid-beta toxicity and decreased Parkinson's alpha-synuclein aggregation. The results indicate that D-βHB extends lifespan through inhibiting HDACs and through the activation of conserved stress response pathways.
Collapse
|
396
|
Maglioni S, Arsalan N, Franchi L, Hurd A, Opipari AW, Glick GD, Ventura N. An automated phenotype-based microscopy screen to identify pro-longevity interventions acting through mitochondria in C. elegans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1469-78. [PMID: 25979236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that play a central role in cellular homeostasis. Severe mitochondrial dysfunction leads to life-threatening diseases in humans and accelerates the aging process. Surprisingly, moderate reduction of mitochondrial function in different species has anti-aging effects. High-throughput screenings in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans lead to the identification of several pro-longevity genetic and pharmacological interventions. Large-scale screens, however, are manual, subjective, time consuming and costly. These limitations could be reduced by the identification of automatically quantifiable biomarkers of healthy aging. In this study we exploit the distinct and reproducible phenotypes described in C. elegans upon different levels of mitochondrial alteration to develop an automated high-content strategy to identify new potential pro-longevity interventions. Utilizing the microscopy platform Cellomics ArrayScan Reader, we optimize a workflow to automatically and reliably quantify the discrete phenotypic readouts associated with different degrees of silencing of mitochondrial respiratory chain regulatory proteins, and validate the approach with mitochondrial-targeting drugs known to extend lifespan in C. elegans. Finally, we report that a new mitochondrial ATPase modulator matches our screening phenotypic criteria and extends nematode's lifespan thus providing the proof of principle that our strategy could be exploited to identify novel mitochondrial-targeted drugs with pro-longevity activity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maglioni
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nayna Arsalan
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Natascia Ventura
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
397
|
Soskine M, Biesemans A, Maglia G. Single-Molecule Analyte Recognition with ClyA Nanopores Equipped with Internal Protein Adaptors. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5793-5797. [PMID: 25871548 PMCID: PMC4424005 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanopores have been used to detect molecules, to sequence DNA, or to investigate chemical reactions at the single-molecule level. Because they approach the absolute limit of sensor miniaturization, nanopores are amenable to parallelization and could be used in single-cell measurements. Here we show that single enzymes can be functionally and reversibly trapped inside the confined space of a ClyA nanopore. Remarkably, the binding of ligands to the internalized proteins is mirrored by specific changes to the nanopore conductance. Conveniently, the manipulation of the charge of the protein allowed increasing of the residence time of the protein inside the nanopore. Nanopores with internalized protein adaptors can be used to study proteins in real time or can be incorporated into inexpensive portable devices for the detection of analytes with high selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misha Soskine
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology (GBB) Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Annemie Biesemans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Maglia
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology (GBB) Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
398
|
Zhao J, Peng L, Luo Z, Cui R, Yan M. Inhibitory effects of dimethyl α-ketoglutarate in hepatic stellate cell activation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:5471-5477. [PMID: 26191252 PMCID: PMC4503123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The activation of Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is a pivotal event in the initiation and progression of hepatic fibrosis and a major source of collagen deposition. A recent study found that autophagy fuels the HSC activation. α-ketoglutarate (AKG), an intermediate in the Kerbs CYCLE, has been shown to regulate the level of autophagy. In this study, we aim to investigate the potential effect of dimethyl α-ketoglutarate (DMKG), a membrane-permeable esters of AKG, on the activation of HSC. METHODS HSC and hepatocyte cell lines were treated with DMKG at gradient concentrations, MTT assay was used to assess the cell viability. Concentrations of DMKG that did not affect the cell survival were added to the culture media of HSC cells. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis was carried out to evaluate the expression of fibrogenic genes in HSC after culture for 24 hours. RESULTS Low dose of DMKG had little cytotoxicity to both HSCs and hepatocytes, while HSCs were more vulnerable to high dose of DMKG than hepatocytes. More importantly, DMKG inhibited the expression of α-SMA and collagen I significantly in HSCs detected by real-time PCR and western blot analysis at the concentrations that didn't decrease cell viability. CONCLUSIONS DMKG has a significant role of inhibiting the activation of HSC and may attenuate hepatic fibrosis safely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruibing Cui
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
399
|
Zengeya TT, Kulkarni RA, Meier JL. Modular synthesis of cell-permeating 2-ketoglutarate esters. Org Lett 2015; 17:2326-9. [PMID: 25915096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell-permeating esters of 2-ketoglutarate (2-KG) have been synthesized through a convergent sequence from two modules in two and three steps, respectively. This route provides access to a full series of mono- and disubstituted 2-KG esters, enabling us to define the effect of regioisomeric masking on metabolite release and antihypoxic activity in cell-based assays. In addition to providing insight into the biological activity of cell permeable 2-KG esters, the straightforward and modular nature of this synthetic route may prove useful for the development of next-generation 2-KG analogues for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T Zengeya
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Rhushikesh A Kulkarni
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jordan L Meier
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| |
Collapse
|
400
|
Lin AL, Zhang W, Gao X, Watts L. Caloric restriction increases ketone bodies metabolism and preserves blood flow in aging brain. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2296-2303. [PMID: 25896951 PMCID: PMC4457572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to increase the life span and health span of a broad range of species. However, CR effects on in vivo brain functions are far from explored. In this study, we used multimetric neuroimaging methods to characterize the CR-induced changes of brain metabolic and vascular functions in aging rats. We found that old rats (24 months of age) with CR diet had reduced glucose uptake and lactate concentration, but increased ketone bodies level, compared with the age-matched and young (5 months of age) controls. The shifted metabolism was associated with preserved vascular function: old CR rats also had maintained cerebral blood flow relative to the age-matched controls. When investigating the metabolites in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, we found that citrate and α-ketoglutarate were preserved in the old CR rats. We suggest that CR is neuroprotective; ketone bodies, cerebral blood flow, and α-ketoglutarate may play important roles in preserving brain physiology in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Lin
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Institutional Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lora Watts
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|