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Kim W, Choi M, Han J, Lee SY, Ju YJ. The association between cognitive decline and exposure to secondhand smoke at work in economically active older adults. Public Health 2024; 236:21-26. [PMID: 39154586 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Secondhand smoking may contribute to cognitive decline, but evidence on this subject is limited in the working economically active older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between cognitive decline and exposure to secondhand smoke at work in economically active adults aged 65 years or above. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study using nationwide data. METHODS Data were from the 2022 Korea Community Health Survey. Chi-squared test was used to perform descriptive statistics. The association between cognitive decline and exposure to secondhand smoke at work was analysed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed based on to exposure status to secondhand smoke at home and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS Of a total of 28,197 adults, 8767 (28.5%) individuals reported cognitive decline. Compared to individuals without exposure to passive smoking at work, those with such exposure were more likely to report cognitive decline (odds ratio: 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.47). This association was particularly strong in individuals with exposure to passive smoking at both work and home and in those diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to secondhand smoking at work is associated with a higher likelihood of cognitive decline in older-aged economically active individuals. The findings infer the importance of monitoring passive smoking and implementing public health measures to reduce workplace secondhand smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woorim Kim
- National Hospice Center, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingee Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Gyeonggi Center for Hypertension and Diabetes, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jun Ju
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Xiong LY, Wood Alexander M, Wong YY, Wu CY, Ruthirakuhan M, Edwards JD, Lanctôt KL, Black SE, Rabin JS, Cogo-Moreira H, Swardfager W. Latent profiles of modifiable dementia risk factors in later midlife: relationships with incident dementia, cognition, and neuroimaging outcomes. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02685-4. [PMID: 39103532 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In 2020, the Lancet Commission identified 12 modifiable factors that increase population-level dementia risk. It is unclear if these risk factors co-occur among individuals in a clinically meaningful way. Using latent class analysis, we identified profiles of modifiable dementia risk factors in dementia-free adults aged 60-64 years from the UK Biobank. We then estimated associations between these profiles with incident dementia, cognition, and neuroimaging outcomes, and explored the differences across profiles in the effects of a polygenic risk score for Alzheimer's disease on outcomes. In 55,333 males and 63,063 females, three sex-specific latent profiles were identified: cardiometabolic risk, substance use-related risk, and low risk. The cardiometabolic risk profile in both males and females was associated with greater incidence of all-cause dementia (male: OR [95% CI] = 2.33 [2.03, 2.66]; female: OR [95% CI] = 1.44 [1.24, 1.68]), poorer cognitive performance, greater brain atrophy, and greater white matter hyperintensity volume compared to the low risk profile. The substance use-related risk profile in males was associated with poorer cognitive performance and greater white matter hyperintensities compared to the low risk profile, but no difference in all-cause dementia incidence was observed (OR [95% CI] = 1.00 [0.95, 1.06]). In females, the substance use-related risk profile demonstrated increased dementia incidence (OR [95% CI] = 1.58 [1.57, 1.58]) and greater brain atrophy but smaller white matter hyperintensity volume compared to the low risk profile. The polygenic risk score had larger effects among females, and differentially influenced outcomes across profiles; for instance, there were larger effects of the polygenic risk score on atrophy in the cardiometabolic profile vs. the low risk profile among males, and larger effects of the polygenic risk score on loss of white matter integrity in the cardiometabolic profile vs. the low risk profile among females. These results reveal three modifiable dementia risk profiles, their unique cognitive/neuroimaging outcomes, and their interactions with genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. These differences highlight the need to consider population heterogeneity in risk prediction tools and in planning personalized prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y Xiong
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Madeline Wood Alexander
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuen Yan Wong
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Che-Yuan Wu
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Myuri Ruthirakuhan
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jodi D Edwards
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- ICES, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Rhea EM, Leclerc M, Yassine HN, Capuano AW, Tong H, Petyuk VA, Macauley SL, Fioramonti X, Carmichael O, Calon F, Arvanitakis Z. State of the Science on Brain Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Decline Due to Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1688-1725. [PMID: 37611907 PMCID: PMC11272209 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common and increasing in prevalence worldwide, with devastating public health consequences. While peripheral insulin resistance is a key feature of most forms of T2DM and has been investigated for over a century, research on brain insulin resistance (BIR) has more recently been developed, including in the context of T2DM and non-diabetes states. Recent data support the presence of BIR in the aging brain, even in non-diabetes states, and found that BIR may be a feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to cognitive impairment. Further, therapies used to treat T2DM are now being investigated in the context of AD treatment and prevention, including insulin. In this review, we offer a definition of BIR, and present evidence for BIR in AD; we discuss the expression, function, and activation of the insulin receptor (INSR) in the brain; how BIR could develop; tools to study BIR; how BIR correlates with current AD hallmarks; and regional/cellular involvement of BIR. We close with a discussion on resilience to both BIR and AD, how current tools can be improved to better understand BIR, and future avenues for research. Overall, this review and position paper highlights BIR as a plausible therapeutic target for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia due to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Rhea
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Shannon L Macauley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada.
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Frederic Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada.
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Qiu X, Han X, Wang Y, Ding W, Sun Y, Lei H, Zhou Y, Lin F. Sex Differences in Alterations of Brain Functional Network in Tobacco Use Disorder. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:1049-1056. [PMID: 38195240 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies have found sex differences in alterations of brain function in cigarette-smoking adults from the perspective of functional activity or connectivity. However, no studies have systematically found different alteration patterns in brain functional topology of cigarette-smoking men and women from three perspectives: nodal and network efficiency and modular connections. AIMS AND METHODS Fifty-six tobacco use disorder (TUD) participants (25 women) and 66 non-TUD participants (28 women) underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The whole-brain functional networks were constructed, and a two-way analysis of covariance with false discovery rate correction (q < 0.05) was performed to investigate whether men and women TUD participants had different alterations in the topological features at global, modular, and nodal levels. RESULTS Compared to non-TUD participants, men but not women TUD participants showed significantly lower global efficiency (lower intermodular connections between the visual and executive control and between the visual and subcortical modules did not pass the correction) and significantly lower nodal global efficiency in the right superior occipital gyrus, bilateral fusiform gyrus, the right pallidum, right putamen, the bilateral paracentral lobule, the postcentral gyrus, and lower nodal local efficiency in the left paracentral lobule. CONCLUSIONS Men and women TUD participants have different topological properties of brain functional network, which may contribute to our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying sex differences in TUD. IMPLICATIONS Compared to non-TUD participants, we found men but not women TUD participants with significantly lower network metrics at global, modular, and nodal levels, which could improve our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying sex differences in TUD and lay a solid foundation for future sex-based TUD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxin Qiu
- Institute of Mental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weina Ding
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Lei
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuchun Lin
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Guo C, Lv J, Deng M, Song H, Yu M. Factors associated with self-neglect from a salutogenic perspective among community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional correlational study. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:86-93. [PMID: 38991299 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the associated factors of self-neglect in older adults from a salutogenic perspective. METHODS A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in two communities in Beijing with 486 older adults recruited from April to December 2022. Data were collected by a set of questionnaires. RESULTS Sense of coherence (β=-0.138), socio-demographic generalized resistance resources (GRRs) (smoking: β=0.156), social GRRs (living alone: β=0.093), psychological GRRs (self-esteem: β=-0.126), and motivational GRRs (powerful others locus of control: β=-0.199, chance locus of control: β=0.119) were all associated with self-neglect among older adults (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sense of coherence and GRRs are vital to improve self-neglect in older adults. It is suggested to increase the level of self-esteem and the tendency of the health locus of control to largely facilitate self-neglect management in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Guo
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinghong Lv
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mengying Deng
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongdan Song
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mingming Yu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
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Lee B, Jeong S, Veloria C, Dlugolenski E, Falcon L. Explaining Substance Use among Puerto Rican Older Adults: Impact of Perceived Discrimination, Perceived Stress, and Social Activities. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:1595-1603. [PMID: 38898584 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2367988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background: Despite Puerto Ricans having one of the highest rates of substance use among Hispanic groups in the United States, limited research has focused on the impact of perceived discrimination and stress on substance use among older adults. Individuals who experience stressful events are inclined to engage in harmful behaviors as a coping mechanism. Objectives: Based on the propositions of the General Strain Theory, the current study explores the relationship between perceived discrimination, perceived stress, social activities, and the use of alcohol and cigarettes. Methods: Baseline data from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study collected in 2014 was used to conduct a logistic regression analysis. Results: The findings reveal that while perceived discrimination is significantly linked to both types of substance use, social activities may serve as a protective factor for cigarette use. Conclusion/Importance: Our study findings emphasize the need to examine perceived discrimination as a stressor impacting the health and well-being of Puerto Ricans in later adulthood. Policy implications for reducing substance use and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Lee
- Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Seokjin Jeong
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Carmen Veloria
- Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eric Dlugolenski
- Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luis Falcon
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
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Albright DL, McDaniel J, Suntai Z, Horan H, Hirsch B. Is Subjective Cognitive Decline Associated with Behavioral Health Outcomes Among Mothers? Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:820-827. [PMID: 37906401 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies suggests that pregnancy can alter the maternal neurological function of the brain (i.e., result in cognitive decline) in a way that remains prevalent well into middle and older adulthood. However, little research has explored these changes and how they might affect behavioral health outcomes, such as substance use and depression. METHODS We merged data from the 2016, 2017, and 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys, with a final analytic sample of 1330 female participants (649 participants were mothers). Chi-square tests or t-tests were used to examine differences in demographic and health characteristics of the sample by subjective cognitive decline (SCD) status. To test the study hypotheses, three generalized linear mixed models were estimated with a logit link. RESULTS SCD was not associated with alcohol misuse among mothers (aOR = 0.27, p = 0.23). Mothers with SCD were more likely to smoke (aOR = 3.33, p = 0.01) and experience mental distress (aOR = 6.59, p < 0.001) than those without SCD. CONCLUSION Interventions aimed at supporting mothers should consider how existing mental health and tobacco cessation programs can be adapted to better serve this population and should aim to identify those that may have early signs of early signs of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin McDaniel
- Public Health and Recreation Professions, Southern Illinois University, 1263 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | | | - Holly Horan
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Brandon Hirsch
- Public Health and Recreation Professions, Southern Illinois University, 1263 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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Mazumder AH, Barnett JH, Halt AH, Taivalantti M, Kerkelä M, Järvelin MR, Veijola J. Visual memory and alcohol use in a middle-aged birth cohort. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:788. [PMID: 38481169 PMCID: PMC10935933 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Light and moderate alcohol use has been reported to be associated with both impaired and enhanced cognition. The purpose of this study was to explore whether there was a linear relationship between visual memory and alcohol consumption in males and females in a large middle-aged birth cohort population in cross-sectional and longitudinal settings. Data were collected from 5585 participants completing 31-year (1997-1998) and 46-year (2012-2014) follow-ups including Paired Associate Learning (PAL) test at 46-years follow-up. The participants were originally from 12,231 study population of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966). The PAL test was conducted to assess visual memory. Reported alcohol use was measured as total daily use of alcohol, beer, wine, and spirits converted into grams and as frequency and amount of use of beer, wine, and spirits. The total daily alcohol use was not associated with reduced visual memory. The frequency of use of beer and wine in males was associated with better visual memory in cross-sectional and longitudinal settings. Using six or more servings of spirits was associated with worse visual memory in males in cross-sectional and longitudinal settings. Using six or more servings of spirits was associated with worse visual memory in males in cross-sectional and longitudinal setting. The study suggested a lack of a linear association between drinking and visual memory in the middle-aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqul Haq Mazumder
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku Psychosis and Substance Use (TuPSU), University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Anu-Helmi Halt
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, University Hospital of Oulu and University of Oulu, and Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo Taivalantti
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, University Hospital of Oulu and University of Oulu, and Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Martta Kerkelä
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPE), Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Centre Oulu, University Hospital of Oulu and University of Oulu, and Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Nayak U, Dsouza NV, Rai PVS, Achappa B, Holla R, Murlimanju BV. Cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness with neurocognitive dysfunction in people living with HIV on stable combination anti-retroviral therapy. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:77. [PMID: 38371905 PMCID: PMC10869320 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of this clinical research was to determine the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), cardiovascular risk factors, and neuro-cognitive function in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and were on stable combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART). This is a cross-sectional study performed at a single center, including 149 patients who visited the anti-retroviral therapy center of our tertiary care hospital. Among the PLHIV of our research, 62.4% had at least one associated cardiovascular risk factor, and 61.1% of them had abnormally high cIMT (≥ 0.9 mm on any one side, p = 0.035). These factors and being the male gender (p = 0.028) were associated with a greater Framingham 10-year risk percentage. Hypercholesterolemia was observed in 30.9% of the PLHIV and a higher body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m2) was found in 26.8% of them. The cognitive impairment was milder in 71.8% of cases and moderate in 9.4% of PLHIV. The Chi-square test revealed that a higher proportion of participants who had lower HDL-C levels (p = 0.045), smokers (p = 0.029), systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg (p = 0.012), and lower educational status (p = 0.017) had a poorer cognitive performance. In our sample population, a higher prevalence of elevated cIMT, cardiovascular risk factors, and mild and moderate cognitive deficiency was observed in PLHIV, who were on stable cART. However, routine assessment of the neuropsychological functions and management of modifiable risk factors are not performed in our patients. Further exploration of the relationship between cardiovascular risks, cIMT, and cognitive impairment in PLHIV is essential to formulate the guidelines and delay the onset of neurocognitive disorders in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnathi Nayak
- Intern, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nikhil Victor Dsouza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - P. V. Santosh Rai
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Basavaprabhu Achappa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - B. V. Murlimanju
- Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Singh L, Chandra R, Pai M, Singh A, Mazumdar S, Singh Balhara YP, Singh PK, Singh S. How Does Tobacco Use Affect the Cognition of Older Adults? A Propensity Score Matching Analysis Based on a Large-Scale Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:342-352. [PMID: 37422916 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco is a well-established risk factor for cancer, but its association with other morbidities needs consideration. The low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) with unprecedented demographic transformation lack evidence on tobacco use and its impact on cognitive health. AIMS AND METHODS Using a propensity score matching approach, we utilized data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India. Study employed 1:1 nearest neighbor matching with the replacement methodology. We estimated the odds of the poor cognitive score and tobacco use among older adults based on five different models for ever tobacco user, former tobacco user, current tobacco user, current smokers, and current smokeless tobacco users with reference to never tobacco users. RESULTS The estimated average treatment effect for the treated and the untreated group has shown a higher likelihood of cognitive decline among ever (OR -0.26; 95%CI -0.43 to -0.09), current (OR -0.28; 95%CI -0.45 to -0.10), and former (OR -0.53; 95%CI -0.87 to -0.19) tobacco users compared to never tobacco users. The finding further suggests the odds of lower cognitive scores among older adults who were smokers (OR -0.53; 95%CI -0.87 to -0.19) and smokeless tobacco users (OR -0.22; 95%CI -0.43 to -0.01) as compared to never tobacco users. CONCLUSIONS Interventions designed to prevent the incidence of cognitive impairment should focus on limiting the use of tobacco. Strategies under the tobacco-free generation initiative should be amplified in order to prevent future generations from productivity loss, premature ageing and to promote healthy aging. IMPLICATIONS Evidence of a definitive association between tobacco consumption and cognition among older adults is sporadic in LMICs. Though tobacco is a risk factor for various diseases including cancer, the extent of its impact on cognitive health among the older population is limited. This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting poor cognitive outcomes among older adults who smoke tobacco and/or consume smokeless tobacco as compared to never-tobacco users. Our findings emphasize the need to accelerate programmes related to tobacco-free generation in LMICs to reach a higher quality of life and healthy aging in pursuit of achieving the sustainable development goal of "good health and well-being."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Rishita Chandra
- Division of Preventive Oncology & Population Health, WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manacy Pai
- Department of Sociology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Arpit Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology & Population Health, WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Mazumdar
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre and Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology & Population Health, WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology & Population Health, WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Ijaz N, Jamil Y, Brown CH, Krishnaswami A, Orkaby A, Stimmel MB, Gerstenblith G, Nanna MG, Damluji AA. Role of Cognitive Frailty in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033594. [PMID: 38353229 PMCID: PMC11010094 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
As the older adult population expands, an increasing number of patients affected by geriatric syndromes are seen by cardiovascular clinicians. One such syndrome that has been associated with poor outcomes is cognitive frailty: the simultaneous presence of cognitive impairment, without evidence of dementia, and physical frailty, which results in decreased cognitive reserve. Driven by common pathophysiologic underpinnings (eg, inflammation and neurohormonal dysregulation), cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and frailty also share the following risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, obesity, sedentary behavior, and tobacco use. Cardiovascular disease has been associated with the onset and progression of cognitive frailty, which may be reversible in early stages, making it essential for clinicians to diagnose the condition in a timely manner and prescribe appropriate interventions. Additional research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of cognitive frailty, establish preventive and therapeutic strategies to address the needs of older patients with cardiovascular disease at risk for cognitive frailty, and ultimately facilitate targeted intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Ijaz
- Thomas Jefferson University HospitalPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Yasser Jamil
- Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | | | | | - Ariela Orkaby
- New England GRECC, VA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMAUSA
- Division of AgingBrigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | | | | | | | - Abdulla A. Damluji
- Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
- The Inova Center of Outcomes ResearchInova Heart and Vascular InstituteFalls ChurchVAUSA
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12
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Maniscalco L, Veronese N, Ragusa FS, Vernuccio L, Dominguez LJ, Smith L, Matranga D, Barbagallo M. Sarcopenia using muscle mass prediction model and cognitive impairment: A longitudinal analysis from the English longitudinal study on ageing. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 117:105160. [PMID: 37672877 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature on the association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment is largely unclear and mainly limited to non-European populations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore if the presence of sarcopenia at the baseline could increase the risk of cognitive impairment in a large cohort of older people participating to the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), over ten years of follow-up. METHODS Sarcopenia was diagnosed as having low handgrip strength and low skeletal muscle mass index at the baseline, using a muscle mass prediction model; cognitive function was evaluated in the ELSA through several tests. The results are reported in the whole sample adjusted for potential baseline confounders and after matching sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic participants with a propensity score. RESULTS 2738 people (mean age: 68.7 years, 54.4% males) were included. During the ten years of follow-up, sarcopenia was associated with significantly lower scores in memory (p < 0.001), verbal fluency (p < 0.001), immediate word recall (p <0.001), delayed word recall (p = 0.018), and in recall summary score (p < 0.001). After adjusting for eight potential confounders, the presence of sarcopenia was significantly associated with poor verbal fluency (odds ratio, OR= 1.417, 95% confidence intervals, CI= 1.181-1.700) and in propensity-score matched analyses (OR=1.272, 95%CI= 1.071- 1.511). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Sarcopenia was found to be associated with a significantly higher incidence of poor cognitive status in a large population of elderly people followed up for 10 years, suggesting it may be an important potential risk factor for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maniscalco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Geriatric Unit, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 141, Palermo 90127, Italy.
| | - Francesco Saverio Ragusa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Geriatric Unit, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 141, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Laura Vernuccio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Geriatric Unit, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 141, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Ligia J Dominguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Domenica Matranga
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Geriatric Unit, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 141, Palermo 90127, Italy
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Chen X, Li J, Liu J, Liu X, Deng M, Dong X, Yang Y. The association of sun-cured tobacco and cigarette use with global cognitive function, verbal fluency and memory in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-09. [PMID: 38229665 PMCID: PMC10789182 DOI: 10.18332/tid/175973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some elderly people in China prefer sun-cured tobacco to cigarettes, and the composition of sun-cured tobacco and cigarettes is inconsistent. The influence of cigarettes on the cognitive function of COPD patients has been widely reported, but the research on sun-cured tobacco is relatively rare. Our study explored the association of sun-cured tobacco and cigarette use with cognitive decline in COPD patients. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 401 COPD patients were included, and 190, 103, and 108 participants were included in non-smoking, cigarette-smoking, and sun-cured tobacco groups, respectively. We evaluated the global cognitive function using the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, verbal fluency function using an animal fluency test, and memory function using ten unrelated words. RESULTS The participants of both cigarette-smoking (AOR=11.18; 95% CI: 1.28- 97.5) and sun-cured tobacco (AOR=10.46; 95% CI: 1.14-96.4) groups were more likely to develop mild cognitive impairment compared to the non-smoking group. The mean z scores of global cognitive function, verbal fluency, and memory were lower in cigarette-smoking and sun-cured tobacco groups than those in a non-smoking group; Multivariable linear regression showed that global cognitive function (β= -0.61; 95% CI: -1.04 - -0.18; and β= -0.48; 95% CI: -0.91 - -0.05) and verbal fluency (β= -0.79; 95% CI: -1.33 - -0.26; and β= -0.69; 95% CI: -1.23 - -0.16) of the sun-cured tobacco group and the cigarette-smoking group were significantly lower than those of the non-smoking group when adjusting for demographic and disease-related characteristics. However, there was no significant difference between the cigarette-smoking and sun-cured tobacco groups in global cognitive function, verbal fluency, and memory. CONCLUSIONS Compared with non-smokers, the use of cigarettes and sun-cured tobacco may damage the cognitive function of COPD patients, especially in global cognitive function and verbal fluency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Chen
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Medicine, Qionglai Medical Center Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Menghui Deng
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunhu Dong
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanni Yang
- School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Alotaibi M, Lessard-Beaudoin M, Busch K, Loudghi A, Gaudreau P, Graham RK. Olfactory Dysfunction Associated with Cognitive Decline in an Elderly Population. Exp Aging Res 2024; 50:1-16. [PMID: 36545820 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2022.2160597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer disease, early olfactory dysfunction is observed. OBJECTIVE In order to determine if deficits in olfactory memory are present in the elderly and if olfactory dysfunction correlates with cognitive impairment in the aging population, olfactory testing has been done on seniors from the NuAge cohort accepting to participate in the Olfactory Response Cognition and Aging (ORCA) secondary sub-study. The t-Mini Mental Statement Examination and the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status tests were done to assess cognition levels. RESULTS Overall, 94% of the ORCA cohort displayed olfactory dysfunction. Deficits in olfactory memory were also present. A correlation was observed between olfactory function and cognitive test scores. Moreover, in women who smoked, there was an association between olfactory memory and cognitive scores. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that olfactory dysfunction may predict impending cognitive decline and highlights the need for olfactory training in seniors to improve olfaction and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Alotaibi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, KSAU-HS, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffiled, UK
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melissa Lessard-Beaudoin
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Kate Busch
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amal Loudghi
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rona K Graham
- Research Centre on Aging CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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15
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Chu D, Wei H. Salpingo-oophorectomy and effects on cognition. BJOG 2023; 130:1699-1700. [PMID: 37366021 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daming Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Heng Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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16
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Yue L, Chen WG, Liu SC, Chen SB, Xiao SF. An explainable machine learning based prediction model for Alzheimer's disease in China longitudinal aging study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1267020. [PMID: 38020780 PMCID: PMC10655104 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1267020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Accurate prediction and diagnosis of AD and its prodromal stage, i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI), is essential for the possible delay and early treatment for the disease. In this paper, we adopt the data from the China Longitudinal Aging Study (CLAS), which was launched in 2011, and includes a joint effort of 15 institutions all over the country. Four thousand four hundred and eleven people who are at least 60 years old participated in the project, where 3,514 people completed the baseline survey. The survey collected data including demographic information, daily lifestyle, medical history, and routine physical examination. In particular, we employ ensemble learning and feature selection methods to develop an explainable prediction model for AD and MCI. Five feature selection methods and nine machine learning classifiers are applied for comparison to find the most dominant features on AD/MCI prediction. The resulting model achieves accuracy of 89.2%, sensitivity of 87.7%, and specificity of 90.7% for MCI prediction, and accuracy of 99.2%, sensitivity of 99.7%, and specificity of 98.7% for AD prediction. We further utilize the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithm to visualize the specific contribution of each feature to AD/MCI prediction at both global and individual levels. Consequently, our model not only provides the prediction outcome, but also helps to understand the relationship between lifestyle/physical disease history and cognitive function, and enables clinicians to make appropriate recommendations for the elderly. Therefore, our approach provides a new perspective for the design of a computer-aided diagnosis system for AD and MCI, and has potential high clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yue
- The Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu-gang Chen
- School of Computer and Information Engineering and Henan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology and Application, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Sai-chao Liu
- School of Computer and Information Engineering and Henan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology and Application, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Sheng-bo Chen
- School of Computer and Information Engineering and Henan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology and Application, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shi-fu Xiao
- The Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Van Wicklin SA. Preoperative Management of Older Adult Patients Undergoing Plastic Surgical Procedures. PLASTIC AND AESTHETIC NURSING 2023; 43:174-186. [PMID: 37774162 DOI: 10.1097/psn.0000000000000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ann Van Wicklin
- Sharon Ann Van Wicklin, PhD, RN, CNOR, CRNFA(E), CPSN-R, PLNC, ISPAN-F, FAAN, is the Editor-in-Chief, Plastic and Aesthetic Nursing, and a Perioperative and Legal Nurse Consultant from Aurora, CO
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18
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Hamzaoui L, Mahmoudi M, Mohamed G, Elloumi H, Laabidi A, Boubaker J, Boudabbous M, Tahri N, Jemni I, Safer L, Jomni T, Douggui H, Trad D, Gargouri D, Ayadi S, Debbeche R, Belhouchet S, Marouani R, Cheikh I, Abdelli MN. EncephalApp Stroop Test for covert hepatic encephalopathy screening in Tunisian cirrhotic patients. F1000Res 2023; 11:686. [PMID: 37767072 PMCID: PMC10521086 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.121781.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) is underdiagnosed and is difficult to detect. The EncephalApp Stroop test is validated for its screening. The aim of the study was to define Tunisian norms for the test based on healthy controls norms and to estimate the prevalence of CHE in cirrhotic Tunisian patients. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted. Ambulatory or hospitalized cirrhotic patients aged 40 years and over were recruited at 11 centers. Healthy subjects aged 40 years and over were recruited at 8 centers. We used a translated Arabic version of the streamlined EncephalApp Stroop test. The task has two components: "Off" and "On" state depending on the discordance or concordance of the stimuli. Results: 142 patients were included. The mean age was 57.26 years [40-86]. 40 (28.17%) of cirrhotic patients who were included were diagnosed as having a minimal hepatic encephalopathy or CHE. Among the ineligible patients, 22 had overt hepatic encephalopathy. If we consider these patients, the overall prevalence rate of CHE was around 24.39% in cirrhotic patients. It was more frequent in women (34.21% vs 25.96%), and in patients whose level of school education is between 6 and 13 years. Its prevalence does not appear to be affected by gender, MELD score, etiology of cirrhosis and age group of patients, as these variables were independent with respective p according to the chi-square test 0.413; 0.736; 0.663 and 0.1. The stroop times (On / Off and On + Off) correlated significantly with each other, are associated significantly and positively with age (respective Pearson coefficients: 0.578; 0.567 and 0.6). The more the age increases, the more the stroop response times increases (p > 10 -3). Conclusions: EncephalApp Stroop test was an efficient screening tool for CHE in Tunisian cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Hamzaoui
- Gastroenterology, Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Moufida Mahmoudi
- Gastroenterology, Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Ghanem Mohamed
- Gastroenterology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hanene Elloumi
- Gastroenterology, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Asma Laabidi
- Gastroenterology, La Rabta Hospital A, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jalel Boubaker
- Gastroenterology, La Rabta Hospital A, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mona Boudabbous
- Gastroenterology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Tahri
- Gastroenterology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Jemni
- Gastroenterology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Leila Safer
- Gastroenterology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Taieb Jomni
- Gastroenterology, La Marsa Internal Security Forces Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hedi Douggui
- Gastroenterology, La Marsa Internal Security Forces Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dorra Trad
- Gastroenterology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Dalila Gargouri
- Gastroenterology, Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Shema Ayadi
- Gastroenterology, Hospital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Debbeche
- Gastroenterology, Hospital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Ridha Marouani
- Gastroenterology, Kasserine Hospital, Kasserine, Tunisia
| | - Imed Cheikh
- Gastroenterology, Habib Bougatfa Hospital, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Nabil Abdelli
- Gastroenterology, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ye KX, Sun L, Wang L, Khoo ALY, Lim KX, Lu G, Yu L, Li C, Maier AB, Feng L. The role of lifestyle factors in cognitive health and dementia in oldest-old: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105286. [PMID: 37321363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oldest-old is the fastest growing segment of society. A substantial number of these individuals are cognitively impaired or demented. Given the lack of a cure, attention is directed to lifestyle interventions that could help alleviate the stress in patients, their families, and society. The aim of this review was to identify lifestyle factors with important roles in dementia prevention in oldest-old. Searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science. We identified 27 observational cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that eating a healthy diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables, and participation in leisure and physical activities may protect against cognitive decline and cognitive impairment among oldest-old regardless of the APOE genotype. Combined lifestyles may generate multiplicative effects than individual factors. This is the first review known to systematically examine the association between lifestyle and cognitive health in oldest-old. Lifestyle interventions for diet, leisure, or a combination of lifestyles could be beneficial for cognitive function in oldest-old. Interventional studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisy Xinhong Ye
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lina Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Anderson Li Yang Khoo
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kai Xuan Lim
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Guohua Lu
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lirong Yu
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changjiang Li
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Andrea Britta Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lei Feng
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
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20
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Chellian R, Behnood-Rod A, Bruijnzeel AW. Development of Dependence in Smokers and Rodents With Voluntary Nicotine Intake: Similarities and Differences. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1229-1240. [PMID: 36482774 PMCID: PMC10256892 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking and vaping throughout adolescence and early adulthood lead to nicotine dependence. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with somatic and affective withdrawal symptoms that contribute to smoking and relapse. Affective nicotine withdrawal symptoms in humans include craving for cigarettes, depression, anxiety, trouble sleeping, and cognitive deficits. METHODS Herein, we review clinical studies that investigated nicotine dependence in people who smoke or vape. We also discuss studies that investigated the development of dependence in animals with oral nicotine intake, nicotine aerosol self-administration, and intravenous nicotine self-administration. RESULTS Clinical studies report that adolescents who smoke daily develop nicotine dependence before those who smoke infrequently, but ultimately all smokers become dependent in adulthood. Preclinical studies indicate that rats that self-administer nicotine also become dependent. Rats that self-administer nicotine display somatic withdrawal signs and affective withdrawal signs, including increased anxiety and depressive-like behavior, cognitive deficits, and allodynia. Most nicotine withdrawal signs were observed in rodents with daily (7 days/week) or intermittent long access (23-hour) to nicotine. Clinical smoking studies report symptoms of nicotine dependence in adolescents of both sexes, but virtually all preclinical nicotine self-administration studies have been done with adult male rats. CONCLUSIONS The role of sex and age in the development of dependence in nicotine self-administration studies remains under-investigated. However, the role of sex and age in nicotine withdrawal has been thoroughly evaluated in studies in which nicotine was administered noncontingently. We discuss the need for volitional nicotine self-administration studies that explore the gradual development of dependence during adolescence and adulthood in rodents of both sexes. IMPLICATIONS The reviewed clinical studies investigated the development of nicotine dependence in male and female adolescent and young adult smokers and vapers. These studies indicate that most adolescent smokers and vapers gradually become nicotine dependent. Preclinical studies with rodents show that nicotine intake in widely used self-administration models also leads to dependence. However, almost all animal studies that investigated the development of nicotine dependence have been conducted with adult male rats. To better model smoking and vaping, it is important that nicotine intake in rats or mice starts during adolescence and that both sexes are included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azin Behnood-Rod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Corresponding Author: Adriaan Bruijnzeel, PhD, University of Florida, Department of Psychiatry, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. Telephone: 352-294-4931; Fax: 352-392-9887; E-mail:
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Sun Y, Wang Z, Sun S, Cui L, Zhu X, Ho SY, Qi S. Cognitive Activities, Lifestyle Factors, and Risk of Cognitive Impairment, with an Analysis of the Apolipoprotein Epsilon 4 Genotype. Gerontology 2023; 69:1137-1146. [PMID: 37276850 DOI: 10.1159/000531109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive stimulating activities and a healthy lifestyle are associated with less cognitive impairment. However, whether the association is varied by Apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE ε4) allele carrier status remains inconclusive. We aimed to investigate whether the association of cognitively stimulating activities and a healthy lifestyle with the risk of cognitive impairment varied by APOE ε4 allele carrier status. METHODS A case-control study was conducted for adults aged 60 years and above. Six province administrative units (Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangxi, and Yunnan) were included using stratified multistage cluster sampling. A total of 1,300 individuals were identified with cognitive impairment (cases) at enrollment and were matched 1:2 on sex, age (±2 years), and residential district with controls who were cognitively normal at the time of the evaluation. We used a standardized questionnaire to collect information on cognitive stimulating activities, lifestyle factors, demographics, and comorbidity. Cognitive stimulating activities included reading books or newspapers, playing cards or mahjong, using the Internet, socializing with neighbors, and community activities. Lifestyle factors included smoking, alcohol drinking, daily tea drinking, and regular exercise. We used logistic regression to assess the interaction between cognitive stimulating activities, lifestyle factors, and APOE ε4 allele carrier status (yes/no) on the risk of cognitive impairment. We tested for additive interaction by estimating relative excess risk (RERI) due to interaction and multiplicative interaction employing the p value of the interaction term of each lifestyle factor and APOE ε4 into the model. RESULTS Four cognitive stimulating activities were associated with less cognitive impairment regardless of APOE ε4 status. Using the Internet (odds ratio [OR]: 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30-0.95), daily tea drinking (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63-0.98), and regular exercise (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.65-0.94) were associated with less cognitive impairment only in noncarriers. Multiplicative and additive interactions were found between community activities and APOE ε4 carrier status (multiplicative p value = 0.03; RERI 0.738, 95% CI: 0.201-1.275). CONCLUSION The associations between cognitive activities and cognitive impairment were robust regardless of the APOE ε4 carrier status, while the associations between lifestyle factors and cognitive impairment varied by APOE ε4 carrier status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sun
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Cui
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shige Qi
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Ge S, Ma W, Qu Z, Zhu X, Chen Z, Lin X, Fu Z. Urinary tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and cognitive functioning in older adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:68. [PMID: 37252031 PMCID: PMC10210584 DOI: 10.18332/tid/162368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco contains carcinogens called tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Among the tobacco-specific nitrosamines, is nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) which produces the metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL). We aimed to examine the association between urinary tobacco-specific NNAL and cognitive functioning among older adults. METHODS A total of 1673 older adults aged ≥60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014 were included. Urinary tobacco-specific NNAL was analyzed in the laboratory. Cognitive functioning was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed memory tests, the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Test-specific and global cognition z-scores were calculated based on means and standard deviations of the cognitive test scores. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the independent association between quartiles of urinary tobacco-specific NNAL and cognitive test-specific and global cognition z-scores controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, depressive symptoms, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, urinary creatinine, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol use, and smoking status. RESULTS About half of the participants (mean age 69.8 years) were female (52.1%), non-Hispanic White (48.3%), and completed some college and above (49.7%). Multivariable linear regression results showed that participants in the 4th quartile (highest quartile) of urinary NNAL, compared with those in the 1st quartile (lowest quartile), had lower DSST z-scores (β= -0.19; 95% CI: -0.34 - -0.04). CONCLUSIONS Tobacco-specific NNAL was negatively associated with processing speed, sustained attention, and working memory in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ge
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, United States
| | - Weixia Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Qu
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xingmei Zhu
- Yaxin School of Nursing, Wuhan Institute of Design and Science, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Xuechun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenmei Fu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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McCutcheon RA, Keefe RSE, McGuire PK. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1902-1918. [PMID: 36690793 PMCID: PMC10575791 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, account for much of the impaired functioning associated with the disorder and are not responsive to existing treatments. In this review, we first describe the clinical presentation and natural history of these deficits. We then consider aetiological factors, highlighting how a range of similar genetic and environmental factors are associated with both cognitive function and schizophrenia. We then review the pathophysiological mechanisms thought to underlie cognitive symptoms, including the role of dopamine, cholinergic signalling and the balance between GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic pyramidal cells. Finally, we review the clinical management of cognitive impairments and candidate novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
- Oxford health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Richard S E Keefe
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Philip K McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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Yu M, Qian M, Guo C, Wang Q. The role of frailty, social networks, and depression in self-neglect in an older Chinese population: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 51:394-399. [PMID: 37127016 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the role of frailty, social networks, and depression in self-neglect in an older Chinese population. METHODS The study was conducted in 521 older adults recruited from four community healthcare centers in a district in Beijing, China. Participants were investigated by a set of questionnaires. RESULTS Frailty (β=0.150, p=0.759) was not associated with self-neglect of older adults. Social isolation (β=1.980, p<0.001) and depression (β=3.606, p<0.001) were both factors associated with self-neglect in older adults. CONCLUSION Management of depression and improvement of social networks of older adults should be incorporated into interventional strategies to effectively control self-neglect. Understanding self-neglect and its associated factors will ultimately contribute to the intervention development and well-being of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Min Qian
- Department of Nursing, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chenming Guo
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Nursing, Shenzhen University, R405, A1 Building, Lihu Campus No.1066 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China.
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Altered white matter functional network in nicotine addiction. Psychiatry Res 2023; 321:115073. [PMID: 36716553 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine addiction is a neuropsychiatric disorder with dysfunction in cortices as well as white matter (WM). The nature of the functional alterations in WM remains unclear. The small-world model can well characterize the structure and function of the human brain. In this study, we utilized the small-world model to compare the WM functional connectivity between 62 nicotine addiction participants (called the discovery sample) and 66 matched healthy controls (called the control sample). We also recruited an independent sample comprising 32 nicotine addicts (called the validation sample) for clinical application. The WM functional network data at the network level showed that the nicotine addiction group revealed decreased small-worldness index (σ) and normalized clustering coefficient (γ) compared with healthy controls. For clinical application, the small-world topology of WM functional connectivity could distinguish nicotine addicts from healthy controls (classification accuracy=0.59323, p = 0.0464). We trained abnormal small-world properties on the discovery sample to identify the severity of nicotine addiction, and the identification was successfully applied to the validation sample (classification accuracy=0.65625, p = 0.0106). Our neuroimaging findings provide direct evidence for WM functional changes in nicotine addiction and suggest that the small-world properties of WM function could be qualified as potential biomarkers in nicotine addiction.
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Mahinrad S, Sorond F, Gorelick PB. The Role of Vascular Risk Factors in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia and Prospects for Prevention. Clin Geriatr Med 2023; 39:123-134. [PMID: 36404025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the most challenging clinical expressions of population aging is cognitive impairment and dementia. Among risk factors for the development of dementia, modifiable vascular risk factors have emerged as contributors to both vascular and nonvascular types of dementia. Epidemiologic studies have been particularly informative in understanding the link between vascular risks and dementia across the life course. We discuss vascular risks for dementia and cognitive impairment and practical management recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Mahinrad
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, 11th Floor, Suite 1150, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Farzaneh Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, 11th Floor, Suite 1150, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, 11th Floor, Suite 1150, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Rajczyk JI, Ferketich A, Wing JJ. Relation Between Smoking Status and Subjective Cognitive Decline in Middle Age and Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Data. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:215-223. [PMID: 36373317 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking status may influence subjective cognitive decline (SCD); however, few studies have evaluated this association. OBJECTIVE To assess whether smoking status is associated with SCD among middle age and older adults, and to determine if this association is modified by sex at birth. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey to analyze the relationship between SCD and smoking status (current, recent former, and remote former). Eligible respondents included participants 45 years of age or older who responded to the SCD and tobacco questions of interest. Survey-weighted Poisson regression models were employed to estimate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (cPR/aPR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between smoking status and SCD. A Wald test was computed to determine the significance of the interaction term between smoking status and sex (α= 0.05). RESULTS There were 136,018 eligible respondents, of which approximately 10% had SCD. There was a graded association between smoking and SCD, with the greatest prevalence of SCD among current smokers (aPR = 1.87; CI: 1.54, 2.28), followed by recent former smokers (aPR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.12), and remote former smokers (aPR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.33) each compared to never smokers. There was no evidence of effect modification by sex (p interaction = 0.73). CONCLUSION The consistency of smoking as a risk factor for objective and subjective cognitive decline supports the need for future studies to further the evidence on whether changes to smoking status impacts cognition in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna I Rajczyk
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy Ferketich
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Wing
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Miller A, Desai A, Roley LT, Goodwin RL, Nathaniel AI, Nathaniel TI. The role of ethnicity, biological sex, and psychotropic agents in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1052330. [PMID: 36620767 PMCID: PMC9815502 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1052330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigates differences in pharmacological and demographic factors among male and female patients with Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). Method Data are from 10,126 AD patients, 9,290 were diagnosed with LOAD, while 836 were diagnosed with EOAD. Data were collected from the Prisma Health Upstate Alzheimer's patients' registry between 2016 and 2021. The logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between pharmacological and demographic factors in males and females with LOAD and EOAD. Results In the adjusted analysis for males, patients that were administered memantine [odd ratio (OR) = 1.588, 95% CI, 1.175-2.145, p = 0.003], and buspirone [OR = 1.971, 95% CI, 1.221-3.183, p = 0.006] were more likely to be associated with EOAD, while increasing age [OR = 0.816, 95% CI, 0.799-0.834, p < 0.001] was associated with LOAD. Female patients with a history of alcohol (ETOH) use were more likely to be associated with EOAD while increasing age [OR = 0.845, 95% CI, 0.834-0.857, p < 0.001], treatment with memantine [OR = 0.774, 95% CI, 0.627-0.956, p = 0.017], African Americans [OR = 0.621, 95% CI, 0.462-0.835, p = 0.002] and tobacco use [OR = 0.529, 95% CI, 0.424-0.660, p < 0.001] were associated with LOAD. Conclusion Our findings identified specific demographic and pharmacological factors associated with males and females with LOAD and EOAD. These findings suggest the need to develop strategies to eliminate disparity in the care of LOAD or EOAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Miller
- Department of Biology, North Greenville University, Tigerville, SC, United States
| | - Ashna Desai
- Department of Biology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | | | - Richard L. Goodwin
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC, United States
| | | | - Thomas I. Nathaniel
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Thomas I. Nathaniel,
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Khan J. Nutritional status, alcohol-tobacco consumption behaviour and cognitive decline among older adults in India. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21102. [PMID: 36473919 PMCID: PMC9726887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognition capacity is essentially age-dependent and it is associated with the overall well-being of an individual. The public health aspects of cognitive research primarily focus on the possible delaying of cognitive decline among the older adult population. In this context, using the most recent round of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017-2018 data, this study examines the cognition capacity among older adults aged 45 and above subject to their nutritional health and health behaviour (tobacco and alcohol consumption). It is observed that almost one in every tenth individual (10%) above 45 years of age in India shows low cognition scores. Low cognition is much more prevalent among 60 + females than males. Around one-fifth of the underweight older adults (18%) demonstrate low cognition capacity among them. Of those older adults who consume only tobacco, 11% of them demonstrate low cognition than the rest. The partial proportional odds model estimation shows that older adults are at higher risk of developing low cognition with increasing age and beyond age 65, the individuals carry a critically higher risk to experience low cognition. The estimation also shows that with increasing age older adults are higher likely to experience poor cognition independent of nutritional status, but underweight older adults are comparatively more likely to experience low cognition followed by normal and overweight older adults. In terms of alcohol-tobacco consumption behaviour, older adults who consume both are more likely to experience low cognition with increasing age followed by 'only alcohol consumers', and 'only tobacco consumers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Khan
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088 India ,grid.466534.60000 0004 8340 2194School of Public Health, Asian Institute of Public Health University, Bhubaneswar, 752101 India
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Contribution of smoking towards the association between socioeconomic position and dementia: 32-year follow-up of the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2022; 23:100516. [PMID: 36189426 PMCID: PMC9523395 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background There is consistent evidence of social inequalities in dementia but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. We examined the role of smoking in midlife in socioeconomic differences in dementia at older ages. Methods Analyses were based on 9951 (67% men) participants, median age 44.3 [IQR=39.6, 50.3] years at baseline in 1985-1988, from the Whitehall II cohort study. Socioeconomic position (SEP) and smoking (smoking status (current, ex-, never-smoker), pack years of smoking, and smoking history score (combining status and pack-years)) were measured at baseline. Counterfactual mediation analysis was used to examine the contribution of smoking to the association between SEP and dementia. Findings During a median follow-up of 31.6 (IQR 31.1, 32.6) years, 628 participants were diagnosed with dementia and 2110 died. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, and SEP showed smokers (hazard ratio [HR] 1.36 [95% CI 1.10-1.68]) but not ex-smokers (HR 0.95 [95% CI 0.79-1.14]) to have a higher risk of dementia compared to never-smokers; similar results for smoking were obtained for pack-years of smoking and smoking history score. Mediation analysis showed low SEP to be associated with higher risk of dementia (HRs between 1.97 and 2.02, depending on the measure of smoking in the model); estimate for the mediation effect was 16% for smoking status (Indirect Effect HR 1.09 [95% CI 1.03-1.15]), 7% for pack-years of smoking (Indirect Effect HR 1.03 [95% CI 1.01-1.06]) and 11% for smoking history score (Indirect Effect HR 1.06 [95% CI 1.02-1.10]). Interpretation Our findings suggest that part of the social inequalities in dementia is mediated by smoking. Funding NIH.
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García-Esquinas E, Ortolá R, Lara E, Pascual JA, Pérez-Ortuño R, Banegas JR, Artalejo FR. Objectively measured secondhand tobacco smoke and cognitive impairment in disability-free older adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113352. [PMID: 35469856 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) may be associated with greater risk of cognitive impairment. However, no longitudinal study has examined the association of serum cotinine (as objective measure of SHS exposure) and cognitive function in older adults. We used data from 2087 non-smoking adults aged≥65 years participating in the ENRICA-2 cohort and free from limitations in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. Cognitive function was assessed through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Digit Span Backwards subtest (DSBT), the Luria's motor series subtest from the Frontal Assessment Battery, the Trail Making Test A (TMT-A), the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT), and the Categorical Verbal Fluency Test (CFT) of the 7 min test. Cross-sectional analyses were performed using multivariable logistic and ordered logistic models, while analyses on changes in cognition over time used multivariable repeated-measures mixed-effects models. Compared to the unexposed, those in the highest exposure group (≥0.161 ng/ml) were more likely to have cognitive impairment (MMSE<24) (odds ratio [OR]:1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.04-2.60) and lower DSBT scores (OR:1.25; 95%CI:1.00-1.57), as well as a non-significant higher odds of a lower score in the Luria test (OR:1.23; 95%CI:0.92-1.64) or episodic memory impairment (FCSRT<12, OR:1.38; 95%CI:0.90-2.11). In longitudinal analyses, those with baseline cotinine ≥0.161 ng/ml showed an increased risk of cognitive impairment (MMSE<24,OR:2.23; 95%CI:1.14-4.33; p-trend across cotinine categories = 0.028) and decreased DSBT (OR:1.23; 95%CI:1.01-1.51; p-trend across cotinine categories = 0.046). Findings show an increased risk of global cognitive impairment and declines in working memory performance in older adults exposed to SHS. More efforts are needed to protect older adults from SHS in areas not covered by smoke-free legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Esquinas
- National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Public Health), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Public Health), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Lara
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM (CIBER of Mental Health), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Pascual
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences: Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Pérez-Ortuño
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose R Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Public Health), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Public Health), 28029, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Lee JJ, Kim JH, Song DS, Lee K. Effect of Short- to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter on Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Middle-Aged and Older Adults: KoGES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9913. [PMID: 36011565 PMCID: PMC9408640 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution and its threat to human health is a global concern, especially in the elderly population. Therefore, more in-depth studies are required to understand the extent of the harmful effects of particulate matter (PM) based on duration and levels of exposure. An investigation was conducted to determine the association between short- (1-14 days), medium- (1, 3, and 6 months), and long-term (1, 2, and 3 years) exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5 and PM10) and cognitive function among Koreans (4175 participants, mean age 67.8 years, 55.2% women) aged over 50 years. Higher levels of PM2.5 exposure for short to long term and PM10 exposure for medium to long term were found to be associated with decreased cognitive function, as indicated by lower scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination adopted in Korean (K-MMSE). There were significant effect modifications by sex, age group, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and smoking status in the association between long-term PM2.5 and PM10 exposure and cognitive function. These findings, which underscore the importance of the efforts to reduce the exposure levels and durations of air pollutants, especially in the vulnerable elderly population, provide evidence for establishing more stringent policies for air pollution regulations.
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Qi S, Fu Z, Wu L, Calhoun VD, Zhang D, Daughters SB, Hsu PC, Jiang R, Vergara VM, Sui J, Addicott MA. Cognition, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor Methylation, and Abstinence Duration-Associated Multimodal Brain Networks in Smoking and Long-Term Smoking Cessation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:923065. [PMID: 35968362 PMCID: PMC9363622 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.923065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking and smoking cessation are associated with changes in cognition and DNA methylation; however, the neurobiological correlates of these effects have not been fully elucidated, especially in long-term cessation. Cognitive performance, percent methylation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) gene, and abstinence duration were used as references to supervise a multimodal fusion analysis of functional, structural, and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, in order to identify associated brain networks in smokers and ex-smokers. Correlations among these networks and with smoking-related measures were performed. Cognition-, methylation-, and abstinence duration-associated networks discriminated between smokers and ex-smokers and correlated with differences in fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) values, gray matter volume (GMV), and fractional anisotropy (FA) values. Long-term smoking cessation was associated with more accurate cognitive performance, as well as lower fALFF and more GMV in the hippocampus complex. The methylation- and abstinence duration-associated networks positively correlated with smoking-related measures of abstinence duration and percent methylation, respectively, suggesting they are complementary measures. This analysis revealed structural and functional co-alterations linked to smoking abstinence and cognitive performance in brain regions including the insula, frontal gyri, and lingual gyri. Furthermore, AHRR methylation, a promising epigenetic biomarker of smoking recency, may provide an important complement to self-reported abstinence duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shile Qi
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lei Wu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daoqiang Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Stacey B. Daughters
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ping-Ching Hsu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Rongtao Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Victor M. Vergara
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jing Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Merideth A. Addicott
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Liao J, Scholes S, Mawditt C, Mejía ST, Lu W. Comparing relationships between health-related behaviour clustering and episodic memory trajectories in the United States of America and England: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1367. [PMID: 35842626 PMCID: PMC9288697 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health-related behaviours (HRBs) cluster within individuals. Evidence for the association between HRB clustering and cognitive functioning is limited. We aimed to examine and compare the associations between three HRB clusters: “multi-HRB cluster”, “inactive cluster” and “(ex-)smoking cluster” (identified in previous work based on HRBs including smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and social activity) and episodic memory trajectories among men and women, separately, in the United States of America (USA) and England. Methods Data were from the waves 10–14 (2010–2018) of the Health and Retirement Study in the USA and the waves 5–9 (2010–2018) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing in England. We included 17,750 US and 8,491 English participants aged 50 years and over. The gender-specific HRB clustering was identified at the baseline wave in 2010, including the multi-HRB (multiple positive behaviours), inactive and ex-smoking clusters in both US and English women, the multi-HRB, inactive and smoking clusters in US men, and only the multi-HRB and inactive clusters in English men. Episodic memory was measured by a sum score of immediate and delayed word recall tests across waves. For within country associations, a quadratic growth curve model (age-cohort model, allowing for random intercepts and slopes) was applied to assess the gender-stratified associations between HRB clustering and episodic memory trajectories, considering a range of confounding factors. For between country comparisons, we combined country-specific data into one pooled dataset and generated a country variable (0 = USA and 1 = England), which allowed us to quantify between-country inequalities in the trajectories of episodic memory over age across the HRB clusters. This hypothesis was formally tested by examining a quadratic growth curve model with the inclusion of a three-way interaction term (age × HRB clustering × country). Results We found that within countries, US and English participants within the multi-HRB cluster had higher scores of episodic memory than their counterparts within the inactive and (ex-)smoking clusters. Between countries, among both men and women within each HRB cluster, faster declines in episodic memory were observed in England than in the USA (e.g., b England versus the USA for men: multi-HRB cluster = -0.05, 95%CI: -0.06, -0.03, b England versus the USA for women: ex-smoking cluster = -0.06, 95%CI: -0.07, -0.04). Additionally, the range of mean memory scores was larger in England than in the USA when comparing means between two cluster groups, including the range of means between inactive and multi-HRB cluster for men (b England versus the USA = -0.56, 95%CI: -0.85, -0.27), and between ex-smoking and multi-HRB cluster for women (b England versus the USA = -1.73, 95%CI: -1.97, -1.49). Conclusions HRB clustering was associated with trajectories of episodic memory in both the USA and England. The effect of HRB clustering on episodic memory seemed larger in England than in the USA. Our study highlighted the importance of being aware of the interconnections between health behaviours for a better understanding of how these behaviours affect cognitive health. Governments, particularly in England, could pay more attention to the adverse effects of health behaviours on cognitive health in the ageing population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13785-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liao
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaun Scholes
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Mawditt
- Graduate School of Public Health, St Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shannon T Mejía
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, USA
| | - Wentian Lu
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Scholes S, Liao J. Social support, social strain and declines in verbal memory: sex-specific associations based on 16-year follow-up of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort. Aging Ment Health 2022; 27:780-788. [PMID: 35735097 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2089628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous investigations of cognitive aging have mainly focused on structural aspects of social relations (e.g. network size and composition), thereby neglecting the role of qualitative aspects of social relations. The current longitudinal study examined sex-specific differences in verbal memory decline by measures of perceived relationship quality (social support/strain) by relationship type. METHOD In the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), 10,109 participants aged 50-89 years were assessed at wave 1 (baseline: 2002-03) and followed to wave 9 (2017-18). Verbal memory was assessed by immediate and delayed word-recall tasks. Social support/strain was measured by relationship type (spouse; children; family; friends). Random effects within-between (REWB) modelling was used to separate between- and within-person effects. We estimated associations between social support/strain and (1) baseline levels of memory (main effects), and (2) rate of decline in memory (interaction with time-since-baseline). RESULTS Longitudinal associations were most prominent for men, specific to relationship type, and showed between- rather than within-person effects. Among men, higher spousal strain was associated with faster memory decline (βbetween-effect×time = -0.043; 95% CI [-0.084, -0.002]; p = .039), whilst greater support from children was associated with slower decline (βbetween-effect×time = 0.020; 95% CI [0.002, 0.039]; p = .033). Men with higher strain from friends showed lower baseline memory (βbetween-effect = -0.382; 95% CI [-0.627, -0.137]; p=.002) and faster decline (βbetween-effect×time = -0.047; 95% CI [-0.095, 0.000]; p = .051). CONCLUSION Between-person differences in social support/strain were modestly associated with memory decline, especially among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Scholes
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jing Liao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Sun Yat-Sen Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Khedr EM, Omeran N, Karam-Allah Ramadan H, Ahmed GK, Abdel Warith AM. Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease and Their Relation to the Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1103-1114. [PMID: 35754271 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been reported to be enrolled in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is a lack of relevant studies on this topic in Egyptian patients with AD. OBJECTIVE To investigate different species of gut microbiota in Egyptian patients with AD and correlate microbiota bacterial abundance with clinical data. METHODS The study included 25 patients with AD and 25 healthy volunteers as age and sex-matched controls. Clinical data was taken for each patient, including medical history and examination; Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were assessed for each participant. Bacterial DNA was extracted from stool, and abundance quantified via qPCR using 16S rRNA group-specific primers. RESULTS Akkermansia, Enterobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Bacillus cereus, Prevotella, and Clostridium cluster IV were more abundant in the AD group than in the control group, although there was significantly less abundance of Bifidobacterium spp., Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria in patients with AD than in controls, whereas no such significance was found for lactic acid bacteria between both groups. Lactic acid bacteria and Prevotella abundance was negatively correlated with cognitive impairment (p = 0.03 with MMSE, and p = 0.03 with MoCA). Prevotella abundance was positively correlated with age of onset and duration of illness and negatively correlated with smoking and coronary heart disease (p = 0.007, p = 0.03, p = 0.035, and p = 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSION The current work highlighted a significant relationship between AD and gut microbiota dysbiosis. A higher abundance of Prevotella species and lactic acid bacteria was correlated with cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Khedr
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Aswan University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Nehad Omeran
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Aswan University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
| | | | - Gellan K Ahmed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmed M Abdel Warith
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Aswan University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt
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The Effects of “Diet–Smoking–Gender” Three-Way Interactions on Cognitive Impairment among Chinese Older Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102144. [PMID: 35631285 PMCID: PMC9147822 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations on gender variations in the risk factors of cognitive impairment are required to promote future precision medicine among older adults, as well as to contribute to a better understanding of the “male–female health-survival paradox”. With this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of “diet–smoking–gender” three-way interactions on cognitive impairments among Chinese older adults. We conducted a 16-year prospective cohort study among 15,953, 15,555, 16,849, 9716, 7116, and 13,165 older adults from the 2002, 2005, 2008–2009, 2011–2012, 2014, and 2017–2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), respectively. Cognitive impairment was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated using the CLHLS food frequency questionnaire. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to assess the “diet–smoking–gender” three-way interaction effects on cognitive impairment across the six waves of CLHLS. We found that higher dietary diversity was associated with lower probability of cognitive impairment among older adults (OR = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.90, 0.98). However, smoking behavior may negatively influence the protective effect of higher dietary diversity on cognitive function among females (OR = 1.26; 95%CI = 1.07, 1.49). Our findings imply that we should take gender differences and lifestyle behaviors into consideration in implementing dietary interventions to improve cognitive function among older adults.
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Bruijnzeel AW. The unhealthy association between smoking, vaping, and other drug use. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1139-1140. [PMID: 35584805 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ang SF, Low S, Ng TP, Tan CS, Ang K, Lim Z, Tang WE, Subramaniam T, Sum CF, Lim SC. Ethnic-Specific Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factor PAX4 R192H Is Associated with Attention-Specific Cognitive Impairment in Chinese with Type 2 Diabetes. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:241-249. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to increase the risks of cognitive decline and dementia. Paired box gene 4 (PAX4), a transcription factor for beta cell development and function, has recently been implicated in pathways intersecting Alzheimer’s disease and T2DM. Objective: In this report, we evaluated the association of the ethnic-specific PAX4 R192H variant, a T2DM risk factor for East Asians which contributes to earlier diabetes onset, and cognitive function of Chinese T2DM patients. Methods: 590 Chinese patients aged 45–86 from the SMART2D study were genotyped for PAX4 R192H variation using Illumina OmniExpress-24 Array. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) which had been validated in the Singapore population was administered to assess five cognitive domains: immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, language, attention, and delayed memory. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association of the R192H risk allele and cognitive domains. Results: Patients with two PAX4 R192H risk alleles showed significantly lower attention index score (β= –8.46, 95% CI [–13.71, –3.21], p = 0.002) than patients with wild-type alleles after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes onset age, HbA1c, body-mass index, renal function, lipid profiles, systolic blood pressure, metformin usage, smoking history, education level, Geriatric Depression Scale score, and presence of APOE ɛ4 allele. Conclusion: Ethnic-specific R192H variation in PAX4 is associated with attention-specific cognitive impairment in Chinese with T2DM. Pending further validation studies, determining PAX4 R192H genotype may be helpful for early risk assessment of early-onset T2DM and cognitive impairment to improve diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Fen Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital (KTPH), Singapore
| | - Serena Low
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital (KTPH), Singapore
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Gerontology Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clara S.H. Tan
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital (KTPH), Singapore
| | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital (KTPH), Singapore
| | - Ziliang Lim
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics (NHGP), Singapore
| | - Wern Ee Tang
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics (NHGP), Singapore
| | | | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre (AdMC) c/o Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital (KTPH), Singapore
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre (AdMC) c/o Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
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Choi SE, Mo E, Palmer N, Fox K, Da Silva JD, Nagai S, Barrow JR. Cognitive impairment and edentulism among older adults: an observational study using claims data. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:278. [PMID: 35379177 PMCID: PMC8981850 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The scientific link between mastication strength and cognitive function has not yet been strongly corroborated in population studies. Utilizing large-scale claims, we aim to investigate the association between edentulism and cognitive impairment in older American adults. Methods Using de-identified claims from a commercial insurer from 2015–2019, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using multilevel regression models to evaluate the association between denture status and clinically diagnosed cognitive impairment. Secondary analysis included symptomatic cognitive impairment in the outcome. Results Adjusting for individual-level risk factors, denture status was significantly associated with clinical cognitive impairment with odds ratios of 1.13 (95%CI: 1.02–1.25) and 1.26, (95%CI: 1.09–1.45) for complete dentures on one or both jaws, respectively. Including symptomatic cognitive impairment in the analysis did not substantially change our fundamental findings. Conclusion Prevention and treatment of oral diseases should be considered a key component in preserving the overall wellness of older adults. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-02985-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Eun Choi
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue REB 204, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Emily Mo
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue REB 204, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nathan Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathe Fox
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D Da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shigemi Nagai
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane R Barrow
- Office of Global and Community Health, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Bahorik AL, Sidney S, Kramer-Feldman J, Jacobs DR, Mathew AR, Reis JP, Yaffe K. Early to Midlife Smoking Trajectories and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged US Adults: the CARDIA Study. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:1023-1030. [PMID: 33501538 PMCID: PMC8971217 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking starts in early adulthood and persists throughout the life course, but the association between these trajectories and midlife cognition remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Determine the association between early to midlife smoking trajectories and midlife cognition. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 3364 adults (mean age = 50.1 ± 3.6, 56% female, 46% Black) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study: 1638 ever smokers and 1726 never smokers. MAIN MEASURES Smoking trajectories were identified in latent class analysis among 1638 ever smokers using smoking measures every 2-5 years from baseline (age 18-30 in 1985-1986) through year 25 (2010-2011). Poor cognition was based on cognitive domain scores ≥ 1 SD below the mean on tests of processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test), executive function (Stroop), and memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) at year 25. RESULTS Five smoking trajectories emerged over 25 years: quitters (19%), and minimal stable (40%), moderate stable (20%), heavy stable (15%), and heavy declining smokers (5%). Heavy stable smokers showed poor cognition on all 3 domains compared to never smoking (processing speed AOR = 2.22 95% CI 1.53-3.22; executive function AOR = 1.58 95% CI 1.05-2.36; memory AOR = 1.48 95% CI 1.05-2.10). Compared to never smoking, both heavy declining (AOR = 1.95 95% CI 1.06-3.68) and moderate stable smokers (AOR = 1.56 95% CI 1.11-2.19) exhibited slower processing speed, and heavy declining smokers additionally had poor executive function. For minimal stable smokers (processing speed AOR = 1.12 95% CI 0.85-1.51; executive function AOR = 0.97 95% CI 0.71-1.31; memory AOR = 1.21 95% CI 0.94-1.55) and quitters (processing speed AOR = 0.96 95% CI 0.63-1.48; executive function AOR = 0.98 95% CI 0.63-1.52; memory AOR = 0.97 95% CI 0.67-1.39), no association was observed. CONCLUSIONS The association between early to midlife smoking trajectories and midlife cognition was dose-dependent. Results underscore the cognitive health risk of moderate and heavy smoking and the potential benefits of quitting on cognition, even in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Bahorik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Kramer-Feldman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amanda R Mathew
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jared P Reis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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De Luca SN, Brassington K, Chan SMH, Dobric A, Mou K, Seow HJ, Vlahos R. Ebselen prevents cigarette smoke-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice by preserving hippocampal synaptophysin expression. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:72. [PMID: 35351173 PMCID: PMC8966248 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking (CS) is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The “spill-over” of pulmonary inflammation into the systemic circulation may damage the brain, leading to cognitive dysfunction. Cessation of CS can improve pulmonary and neurocognitive outcomes, however, its benefit on the neuroinflammatory profile remains uncertain. Here, we investigate how CS exposure impairs neurocognition and whether this can be reversed with CS cessation or an antioxidant treatment. Methods Male BALB/c mice were exposed to CS (9 cigarettes/day for 8 weeks) followed by 4 weeks of CS cessation. Another cohort of CS-exposed mice were co-administrated with a glutathione peroxidase mimetic, ebselen (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (5% CM-cellulose). We assessed pulmonary inflammation, spatial and working memory, and the hippocampal microglial, oxidative and synaptic profiles. Results CS exposure increased lung inflammation which was reduced following CS cessation. CS caused spatial and working memory impairments which were attributed to hippocampal microglial activation and suppression of synaptophysin. CS cessation did not improve memory deficits or alter microglial activation. Ebselen completely prevented the CS-induced working and spatial memory impairments, which was associated with restored synaptophysin expression without altering microglial activation. Conclusion We were able to model the CS-induced memory impairment and microglial activation seen in human COPD. The preventative effects of ebselen on memory impairment is likely to be dependent on a preserved synaptogenic profile. Cessation alone also appears to be insufficient in correcting the memory impairment, suggesting the importance of incorporating antioxidant therapy to help maximising the benefit of cessation.
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Segaux L, Oubaya N, Leissing-Desprez C, Cleret De Langavant L, Broussier A, Naga H, Fromentin I, David JP, Bastuji-Garin S. More than a third of middle-aged adults (50-65) have understated executive dysfunction. Aging Ment Health 2022; 27:708-713. [PMID: 35243938 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2046696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understated executive dysfunction (UED) is predictive of cognitive decline and death. We aimed to assess the prevalence of UED, assessed with the clock-drawing test (CDT) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) in middle-aged adults and to investigate associated characteristics. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of data on 516 community-dwellers aged 50-65, lacking cognitive complaints, who were included prospectively (2010-2017) after a multidimensional geriatric assessment at a "healthy ageing" outpatient clinic. Age- and educational-level-adjusted logistic models were used to assess factors associated with UED. RESULTS The CDT and FAB were impaired in 27.7% and 14.7% of the participants (median age: 59.7 years). The prevalence [95% confidence interval (CI)] of UED was 36.2% [32.2-40.5%]. After adjustment for age and education, participants with UED were more likely to be obese (odds ratio [95%CI] = 1.89 [1.12-3.19], P = 0.02), and to have a metabolic syndrome (1.98 [1.06-3.72], P = 0.03). CONCLUSION More than one third of middle-aged adults without cognitive complaints have UED, which was linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Cognitive screening tests targeting executive functions might be useful for early detection of UED and the initiation of multidomain interventions improving cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Segaux
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Clinical Research Unit (URC Mondor), Creteil, France
| | - Nadia Oubaya
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Department of Public Health, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Creteil, France
| | - Claire Leissing-Desprez
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital Emile Roux, Limeil-Brevannes, France
| | - Laurent Cleret De Langavant
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Equipe NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, Creteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Centre de référence Maladie de Huntington, Department of Neurology, Creteil, France
| | - Amaury Broussier
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital Emile Roux, Limeil-Brevannes, France
| | - Henri Naga
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital Emile Roux, Limeil-Brevannes, France
| | - Isabelle Fromentin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital Emile Roux, Limeil-Brevannes, France
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Creteil, France
| | - Sylvie Bastuji-Garin
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, Creteil, France.,Department of Public Health, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Creteil, France
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Zheng Y, Habes M, Gonzales M, Pomponio R, Nasrallah I, Khan S, Vaughan DE, Davatzikos C, Seshadri S, Launer L, Sorond F, Sedaghat S, Wainwright D, Baccarelli A, Sidney S, Bryan N, Greenland P, Lloyd-Jones D, Yaffe K, Hou L. Mid-life epigenetic age, neuroimaging brain age, and cognitive function: coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1691-1712. [PMID: 35220276 PMCID: PMC8908939 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The proportion of aging populations affected by dementia is increasing. There is an urgent need to identify biological aging markers in mid-life before symptoms of age-related dementia present for early intervention to delay the cognitive decline and the onset of dementia. In this cohort study involving 1,676 healthy participants (mean age 40) with up to 15 years of follow up, we evaluated the associations between cognitive function and two classes of novel biological aging markers: blood-based epigenetic aging and neuroimaging-based brain aging. Both accelerated epigenetic aging and brain aging were prospectively associated with worse cognitive outcomes. Specifically, every year faster epigenetic or brain aging was on average associated with 0.19-0.28 higher (worse) Stroop score, 0.04-0.05 lower (worse) RAVLT score, and 0.23-0.45 lower (worse) DSST (all false-discovery-rate-adjusted p <0.05). While epigenetic aging is a more stable biomarker with strong long-term predictive performance for cognitive function, brain aging biomarker may change more dynamically in temporal association with cognitive decline. The combined model using epigenetic and brain aging markers achieved the highest accuracy (AUC: 0.68, p<0.001) in predicting global cognitive function status. Accelerated epigenetic age and brain age at midlife may aid timely identification of individuals at risk for accelerated cognitive decline and promote the development of interventions to preserve optimal functioning across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mohamad Habes
- Biggs Institute Neuroimaging Core, Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mitzi Gonzales
- Biggs Institute Neuroimaging Core, Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Raymond Pomponio
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ilya Nasrallah
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sadiya Khan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Douglas E. Vaughan
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Biggs Institute Neuroimaging Core, Glenn Biggs Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Farzaneh Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sanaz Sedaghat
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Derek Wainwright
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Nick Bryan
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Donald Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Larnyo E, Dai B, Nutakor JA, Ampon-Wireko S, Larnyo A, Appiah R. Examining the impact of socioeconomic status, demographic characteristics, lifestyle and other risk factors on adults' cognitive functioning in developing countries: an analysis of five selected WHO SAGE Wave 1 Countries. Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:31. [PMID: 35216605 PMCID: PMC8876754 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though extensive studies have been conducted on assessing the predictors of cognitive functioning among older adults in small community-based samples, very few studies have focused on understanding the impact of socioeconomic status (SES), demographic characteristics and other risk factors such as lifestyle and chronic diseases on the cognitive functioning among adults of all ages in a nationally representative population-based sample across low- and middle-income countries. This study, therefore, seeks to evaluate the impact of SES, demographic characteristics and risk factors on the cognitive functioning of adults across all ages in five selected developing countries. METHODS Data from 12,430 observations obtained from the WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1; consisting of 2,486 observations each for China, Ghana, India, the Russian Federation, and South Africa, were used for the study. A meta-regression and a five-step hierarchical linear regression were used to analyze the data, with cognitive functioning as the dependent variable. Independent variables used in this study include SES; assessed by household income and education, demographic characteristics, other risk factors such as lifestyle, self-reported memory difficulty and chronic diseases. RESULTS This study found that SES and lifestyle significantly predicted cognitive functioning in all the five selected countries as obtained by the pooled results of the meta-regression analysis. The hierarchical linear regression results also revealed that demographic characteristics such as age, type of residency, and self-reported memory difficulty significantly impact cognitive functioning in China, Ghana, Russia, and South Africa. CONCLUSION The findings in this study provide new insights for policymakers, caregivers, parents, and individuals, especially those in developing countries, to implement policies and actions targeted at improving SES and eliminating risk factors associated with cognitive decline, as these measures could help improve the cognitive functioning among their populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Larnyo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Baozhen Dai
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Labor and Social Security, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu province, China.
| | - Jonathan Aseye Nutakor
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sabina Ampon-Wireko
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Abigail Larnyo
- School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruth Appiah
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
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Liu T, Li H, Conley YP, Primack BA, Wang J, Li C. The Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Functional Polymorphism and Hand Grip Strength Impact the Association between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Cognition in Older Adults in the United States. Biol Res Nurs 2022; 24:226-234. [PMID: 34974714 DOI: 10.1177/10998004211065151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is associated with subtle cognitive decline in attention, memory, executive function, processing speed, and reasoning. Although lower brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been linked to cognitive decline among older adults, it is not known if the association differs among individuals with various BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) genotypes. In addition, it is not clear whether these associations vary by hand grip strength or physical activity (PA). METHODS A total of 2904 older adults were included in this study using data from the Health and Retirement Study. Associations between serum BDNF and measures of cognitive function were evaluated using multivariable linear regression models stratified by Met allele status. PA and hand grip strength were added to the model to evaluate whether including these variables altered associations between serum BDNF and cognition. RESULTS Mean age was 71.4 years old, and mean body mass index was 28.3 kg/m2. Serum BDNF levels were positively associated with higher total cognitive score (beta = 0.34, p = .07), mental status (beta = 0.16, p = .07), and word recall (beta = 0.22, p =.04) among Met carriers, while serum BDNF levels were negatively associated with mental status (beta = -0.09, p = .07) among non-Met carriers. Furthermore, associations changed when hand grip strength was added to the model but not when PA was added to the model. CONCLUSIONS The BDNF Val66Met variant may moderate the association between serum BDNF levels and cognitive function in older adults. Furthermore, such associations differ according to hand grip strength but not PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- 16081University of Arkansas Eleanor Mann School of Nursing, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Hongjin Li
- 16100University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian A Primack
- 137660University of Arkansas College of Education and Health Professions, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- 15805Florida State University College of Nursing, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, 5783Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Restifo D, Zhao C, Kamel H, Iadecola C, Parikh NS. Impact of Cigarette Smoking and Its Interaction with Hypertension and Diabetes on Cognitive Function in Older Americans. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1705-1712. [PMID: 36314206 PMCID: PMC9988389 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detrimental impact of tobacco smoking on brain health is well recognized. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether smoking acts synergistically with hypertension and diabetes to influence cognitive performance. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were tested for serum cotinine, a validated cigarette smoking/exposure biomarker, and had standardized blood pressure and hemoglobin A1c measurements. Participants were administered four cognitive tests: Digit Symbol Substitution (DSST), Animal Fluency, Immediate Recall, and Delayed Recall. Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for demographics and confounders evaluated the association of cotinine with cognition. Interaction testing evaluated effect modification by hypertension, diabetes, and their continuous measures (systolic blood pressure and hemoglobin A1c). RESULTS For 3,007 participants, mean age was 69.4 years; 54% were women. Using cotinine levels, 14.9% of participants were categorized as active smokers. Higher cotinine levels were associated with worse DSST performance when modeling cotinine as a continuous variable (β, -0.70; 95% CI, -1.11, -0.29; p < 0.01) and when categorizing participants as active smokers (β, -5.63; 95% CI, -9.70, -1.56; p < 0.01). Cotinine was not associated with fluency or memory. Effect modification by hypertension and diabetes were absent, except that cotinine was associated with worse Immediate Recall at lower blood pressures. CONCLUSION Higher levels of a smoking and secondhand exposure biomarker were associated with worse cognitive performance on a multidomain test. Overall, the relationship of cotinine with cognition was not contingent on or amplified by hypertension or diabetes; smoking is detrimental for brain health irrespective of these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Restifo
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, and Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Hooman Kamel
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neal S Parikh
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Choi NG, DiNitto DM. Alcohol use disorder and treatment receipt among individuals aged 50 years and older: Other substance use and psychiatric correlates. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 131:108445. [PMID: 34098300 PMCID: PMC11143473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is increasing among U.S. individuals aged 50+. We examined associations of past-year AUD with other substance use and any mental illness (AMI) and associations of past-year AUD treatment receipt with other substance use, AMI, and mental health treatment receipt among those with AUD. METHODS Data came from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 35,229). We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the research questions. RESULTS In the 50+ age group, 58.7% of women and 66.9% of men reported past-year alcohol use and 2.0% of women and 4.9% of men had AUD. Those with any alcohol use problem (binge drinking, heavy drinking, or AUD) had higher odds of other substance use or use disorders; however, AMI was associated with higher odds of AUD only (AOR = 2.54, 95% CI = 2.15-3.00, AOR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.98-3.50, and AOR = 3.13, 95% CI = 2.19-4.48, respectively, for mild, moderate, and serious mental illness). Only 7.9% of those with AUD received any alcohol treatment. AMI and mental health treatment were associated with higher odds of alcohol treatment receipt (AOR = 5.18, 95% CI = 2.13-12.55, AOR = 4.14, 95% CI = 1.51-11.30, and AOR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.41-6.00, respectively, for moderate mental illness, serious mental illness, and mental health treatment receipt). CONCLUSION The findings show that fewer than one in 10 older adults with AUD received any alcohol treatment and suggest that individuals need education on alcohol harms and assistance in accessing alcohol treatment. Combined mental health and alcohol treatment at a single location may improve access and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namkee G Choi
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, United States of America.
| | - Diana M DiNitto
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, United States of America
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Zijlmans JL, Lamballais S, Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Luik AI. Sociodemographic, Lifestyle, Physical, and Psychosocial Determinants of Cognitive Reserve. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:701-713. [PMID: 34864674 PMCID: PMC8842775 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve aims to explain individual differences in the susceptibility to the functional impact of dementia in the presence of equal amount of neuropathological damage. It is thought to be shaped by a combination of innate individual differences and lifetime exposures. Which determinants are associated with cognitive reserve remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of sociodemographic, lifestyle, physical, and psychosocial determinants with cognitive reserve, and potential sex differences. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 4,309 participants from the Rotterdam Study (mean age 63.9±10.7) between 2006-2016. Participants completed five cognitive tests and a brain MRI-scan. Cognitive reserve was defined as a latent variable that captures variance common across five cognitive tests, while adjusting for demographic and MRI-inferred neuropathological factors. The associations of potential determinants and cognitive reserve, adjusted for relevant confounders, were assessed with structural equation models. RESULTS Current smoking (adjusted mean difference: -0.31, 95%confidence interval -0.42; -0.19), diabetes mellitus (-0.25, -0.40; -0.10) and depressive symptoms (-0.07/SD, -0.12; -0.03) were associated with a lower cognitive reserve whereas alcohol use (0.07/SD, 0.03; 0.12) was associated with higher cognitive reserve. Only smoking was associated with cognitive reserve in both men and women. Employment, alcohol use, diabetes, history of cancer, COPD, and depressive symptoms were only associated with cognitive reserve in women. CONCLUSION Our study found that current smoking, diabetes mellitus, and depressive symptoms were associated with a lower cognitive reserve, whereas more alcohol use was associated with a higher cognitive reserve, but with clear differences between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jendé L Zijlmans
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Lamballais
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and nuclear medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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50
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Tariq U, Butt MS, Pasha I, Faisal MN. Neuroprotective effects of Olea europaea L. fruit extract against cigarette smoke-induced depressive-like behaviors in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e14014. [PMID: 34796529 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Depression is broadly acclaimed as a mental health anomaly and despite advancements in the development of antidepressant drugs, they are linked with side effects. Dietary modifications and medicinal plants like olives can be used as effective strategies due to their antioxidant, immune-modulatory, antiinflammatory, and anticonvulsant properties. Considering the compositional alterations in olive fruits during ripening, the antidepressant potential of olive fruits at different degrees of ripeness, that is, un-ripened (green) and ripened (black) was investigated. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: G0 (Normal diet), G1 (Normal diet + smoke exposure (SE), G2 (Normal diet + SE + Citalopram), G3 (Normal diet + SE + Green olive extract), and G4 (Normal diet + SE + Black olive extract). Depressive-like behaviors were induced in all groups through cigarette smoke exposure except G0 . Green and black olive extracts prevented depressive behaviors by reducing the immobility time of rats in forced swim test and tail suspension test while increased the latency to respond in hot plate assay. Moreover, lipid peroxidation in brain tissue was reduced with citalopram, green, and black olive extracts. Additionally, treatments also enhanced the antioxidant pool of brain tissues. Histological examination revealed that olive extracts and citalopram prevented cigarette smoke-induced moderate to severe necrosis and congestion in the brain parenchyma and elucidated antidepressant potential by improving the expression of monoamine oxidase-A, solute carrier family 6 member 4, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes. Conclusively, olives may act as a promising antidepressant agent in ameliorating cigarette smoke-induced depressive-like behaviors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Olive extracts at both ripening stages revealed an antidepressant-like effect almost similar to the standard antidepressant drug and also prevented oxidative damages. Therefore, from the current findings, it can be recommended that food ingredients with antidepressant potential like olives should be incorporated in future interventions to combat depression/psychiatric anomalies and diet therapy should be encouraged to alleviate lifestyle-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urwa Tariq
- Faculty of Food Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Masood Sadiq Butt
- Faculty of Food Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Pasha
- Faculty of Food Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Faisal
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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