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McLaren F, Mercado M, Montalva N, Watkins L, Antipichun A, Cheristil J, Rocha-Jiménez T. Ethics in Mental Health Research with Haitian Migrants: Lessons from a Community-Based Study in Santiago, Chile. Ethics Hum Res 2024; 46:16-25. [PMID: 38629226 DOI: 10.1002/eahr.500209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Migration research poses several unique challenges and opportunities. Conducting ethical global health practice, especially when studying migrant mental health, is of particular concern. This article explores seven challenges and lessons learned in our mixed-methods study conducted to assess the impact of the migration experience on Haitian migrants' mental health in Santiago, Chile. The primary challenges were recruiting in a highly mobile population, building trust and community participation, overcoming language barriers, safety considerations during the Covid-19 pandemic, mitigating potential negative impacts of research on the community, providing psychological support, and finding meaningful ways to benefit the community. We propose moving toward a better and more ethical migrant research practice by ensuring language accessibility, hiring community members for the study team, working with local institutions and nongovernmental organizations, and maintaining sustainable connections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes Mercado
- PhD student in psychology at the Universidad Diego Portales in Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Montalva
- Associate professor at the Society and Health Research Center (CISS) at the School of Psychology of the Humanities and Social Sciences Faculty, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, a principal investigator of the Millennium Nucleus in Sociomedicine (SocioMed), Santiago de Chile, and a guest researcher at BirthRites Lise Meitner Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany
| | - Loreto Watkins
- Researcher at the Universidad Diego Portales and at the Millennium Nucleus in Sociomedicine (SocioMed), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andy Antipichun
- Student in training of the Millennium Nucleus in Sociomedicine (SocioMed), Santiago, Chile
| | - Judeline Cheristil
- Member of the Haitian community and the field coordinator of the mentioned project affiliated with the ANID 11200486 project
| | - Teresita Rocha-Jiménez
- Associate professor at the Society and Health Research Center (CISS) at the School of Psychology of the Humanities and Social Sciences Faculty at Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile and a principal investigator of the Millennium Nucleus in Sociomedicine (SocioMed), Santiago de Chile
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Yamashita T, Quy PN, Nogami E, Seto-Suh E, Yamada C, Iwamoto S, Shimazawa K, Kato K. Depression and anxiety symptoms among Vietnamese migrants in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Trop Med Health 2023; 51:59. [PMID: 37908020 PMCID: PMC10617062 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the mental health status and related factors among Vietnamese migrants in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey between September 21 and October 21, 2021. Along with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scores, we collected data on demographics, changes in socioeconomic status due to the pandemic, language proficiency, social support, and health conditions. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors related to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Among 621 participants who completed the questionnaire, moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10 points) and mild-to-severe symptoms of anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥ 5 points) were observed in 203 (32.7%) and 285 (45.9%) individuals, respectively. Factors related to depressive symptoms were age (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.89-0.99), pre-existing health conditions (95% [CI]=1.61-3.76), and a low subjective socioeconomic status (95% [CI]=1.64-3.71). Factors related to anxiety symptoms were being single (95% [CI]=1.01-2.93), having pre-existing health conditions (95% [CI]=1.63-3.88), subjective socioeconomic status (95% [CI]=1.87-3.97), and absence of a partner to discuss one's health with (95% [CI]=1.11-2.47). Vietnamese migrants in Japan experienced a decrease in income, worsening working conditions, and poor mental health status during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further investigations are necessary to find an effective way to increase their social support and mitigate socioeconomic adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamashita
- Faculty of Nursing, Kobe City College of Nursing, 3-4 Gakuennishi-Machi, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2103, Japan.
| | - Pham Nguyen Quy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyoto Miniren Central Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emi Nogami
- Department of Social Welfare, School of Psychology and Social Welfare, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Erina Seto-Suh
- Human Rights Research Institute, Kindai University, Higashi Osaka, Japan
| | - Chika Yamada
- Department of Environmental Coexistence, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saori Iwamoto
- Faculty of Nursing, Kobe City College of Nursing, 3-4 Gakuennishi-Machi, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2103, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Kato
- Faculty of Nursing, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Japan
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Errazuriz A, Avello-Vega D, Ramirez-Mahaluf JP, Torres R, Crossley NA, Undurraga EA, Jones PB. Prevalence of depressive disorder in the adult population of Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2023; 26:100587. [PMID: 37701460 PMCID: PMC10493603 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Depressive disorder is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide; however its prevalence and association with inequality and crime is poorly characterised in Latin America. This study aimed to: i. systematically review population-based studies of prevalence of ICD/DSM depressive disorder in Latin America, ii. report pooled regional, country, and sex-specific prevalence estimates, and iii. test its association with four country-level development indicators: human development (HDI), income (Gini) and gender inequality (GII), and intentional homicide rate (IHR). Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies reporting primary data on the prevalence of ICD/DSM depressive disorder in Latin America from 1990 to 2023, irrespective of language. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, SciELO (regional database), LILAC (regional database), and available grey literature. Study quality was assessed using JBI's critical appraisal tools. We generated pooled estimates using random-effects meta-analysis; heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Meta-regression analyses were used to test associations of depression prevalence with indicators of inequality and human development. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019143054). Findings Using data from 40 studies in Latin America, lifetime, 12-month, and current prevalence of ICD/DSM depressive disorder were calculated at 12.58% (95% CI 11.00%-14.16%); 5.30% (4.55-6.06%), and 3.12% (2.22-4.03), respectively. Heterogeneity was high across lifetime, 12-month, and current prevalence, sex, and countries. 12-month and current prevalence was associated with higher Gini and GII, 12-month prevalence with lower HDI, and current prevalence with higher IHR. Interpretation We found a high prevalence of ICD/DSM depressive disorders in Latin America, and a statistically significant association with inequality and development indicators. The high heterogeneity found across prevalence periods and the major gaps in country representation underscore the need to escalate efforts to improve mental health access and research capabilities in Latin America. Systematic, comparable prevalence estimates would inform more effective decision-making in the region. Funding Pfizer Independent Medical Education Grant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Errazuriz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research on Depression and Personality-MIDAP, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dalia Avello-Vega
- Regional Research Institute, School of Social Work, Portland State University, Oregon, United States
| | - Juan P. Ramirez-Mahaluf
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas A. Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo A. Undurraga
- Escuela de Gobierno, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), Santiago, Chile
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East of England, CPFT, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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González Casanova I, Martínez Rodriguez DL, Ortiz Brunel J, Rangel Gómez MG, de Groot M, Fernández A. Barriers and facilitators to mental health promotion for Mexican immigrants in the U.S. through the Ventanillas de Salud program. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1268253. [PMID: 37841719 PMCID: PMC10569420 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1268253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health promotion and screenings are recommended as part of standard preventive care. Mexican immigrants in the U.S. are at high risk for mental health illness especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, however access to mental health prevention for this population has been limited, which results in important implementation and equity gaps. The Ventanilla de Salud (VDS) program provides preventive services through Mexican consulates in the U.S. Objective The objective of this study was to assess capability, opportunity, and motivation for promotores to implement mental health programming through the VDS, leveraging early experiences of ongoing mental health prevention efforts. Methods This was a qualitative study using the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation for Behavior Change model (COM-B). We conducted 9 focus groups with 40 VDS promotores and 6 semi-structured interviews with program stakeholders. Data were analyzed using inductive and deductive coding. Results We found high levels of interest from the leadership, partners, and promotores to provide mental health services through the VDS. Early implementation of a mental health strategy that included training sessions for promotores and mental health promotion, screenings and referrals for VDS users was ongoing. We identified facilitators and barriers that could affect capability, opportunity, and motivation to provide mental health services. Facilitators included promotores' extensive knowledge about the importance of mental health, promotores service mindset and commitment to provide services to VDS users, and general support from the VDS network and partners. Barriers included promotores' turnover, need for additional economic compensation, burnout, competing priorities, and lack of mental health professionals to provide clinical services or supervision. Additional investments are recommended to support promotores' well-being. Conclusion The main lesson learned from this study was that investing in VDS promotores' training, resources, and well-being is key to their capability, opportunity and motivation to provide mental health services for Mexican immigrants in the US. Results from this study can be applied to improve the ongoing VDS mental health strategy and increase its impact on the mental health of Mexican immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés González Casanova
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | | | - Julissa Ortiz Brunel
- Department of Sciences of Human Movement, University Center for Health Sciences, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Mary de Groot
- Division of Internal Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alicia Fernández
- San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Smith ML, Seegulam V, Szentkúti P, Horváth-Puhó E, Galea S, Lash TL, Rosellini AJ, Schnurr PP, Sørensen HT, Gradus JL. Risk of psychopathology following traumatic events among immigrants and native-born persons in Denmark. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1305-1316. [PMID: 36449069 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immigrants may have increased risk of mental disorders compared with native-born persons. We aimed to expand the limited research on immigrants' posttraumatic psychopathology related to traumatic experiences in their country of resettlement. METHODS We obtained data from a cohort of Danish residents with ≥ 1 traumatic event recorded in health and administrative national registries during 1994-2016. We calculated risks of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and substance use disorders (SUD) within 5 years post-trauma among native-born Danes and immigrants who had been in Denmark for ≥ 10 years at the time of their index trauma (including immigrants overall and immigrants from specific regions). Risks were compared via age- and sex-standardized risk ratios (SRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We restricted to persons with no record of the disorder under investigation in the 10 years pre-trauma, and stratified by non-interpersonal (e.g., transport accidents) versus interpersonal trauma (e.g., assaults). RESULTS Following non-interpersonal trauma, immigrants were more likely than native-born Danes to be diagnosed with PTSD (SRR = 5.2, 95% CI 4.6, 5.9), about as likely to be diagnosed with depression (SRR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.92, 1.1), and less likely to be diagnosed with SUD (SRR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.82, 0.95). Results were similar following interpersonal trauma, except the SRR for PTSD was reduced in magnitude (SRR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.7, 5.4). There were differences by region of birth. CONCLUSION Immigrants to Denmark have higher risk of PTSD following traumatic experiences than do native-born Danes, possibly due to the combined influence of adverse pre-, peri-, and/or post-migration experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vijaya Seegulam
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Péter Szentkúti
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Sandro Galea
- School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Timothy L Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anthony J Rosellini
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paula P Schnurr
- National Center for PTSD Executive Division, White River Junction, VT, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Henrik Toft Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jaimie L Gradus
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bakely L, Correa-Salazar C, Rangel Gómez MG, González-Fagoaga JE, González AAA, Parrado EA, Riosmena F, Martinez-Donate AP. Exploring the Association Between Detention Conditions, Detention-Related Abuse, and Mental Health Among Deported Mexican Migrants. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2023; 34:1021-1036. [PMID: 38009112 PMCID: PMC10671122 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2023.a903060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Migration, detention, and deportation are often rife with violence. This study sought to examine associations between pre-migration experiences, detention conditions, and mental health among Mexicans deported from the U.S. to Mexico between 2020 and 2021. Data from the Migrante Project (N=306, weighted N=14,841) were analyzed using descriptive statistics and unadjusted and adjusted multivariate regression models. The prevalence of a lifetime mental health diagnosis was 18.5%. Exposure to adverse conditions in detention (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=17.56, p<.001) and having been detained in both immigration and non-immigration facilities (AOR=9.70, p=.042) were significantly associated with increased odds of experiencing abuse during migrants' most recent detention. Experiencing abuse during migrants' most recent detention was, in turn, associated with increased odds of a lifetime mental health diagnosis (AOR=4.72, p<.005). Targeted, trauma-informed mental health services are needed for deported Mexican migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Bakely
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University
| | | | - María Gudelia Rangel Gómez
- Executive Secretary, Mexico Section of the United States-Mexico Border Health Commission, Research Professor, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte
| | | | | | - Emilio A Parrado
- Dorothy Swaine Thomas Professor of Sociology, Director, Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Fernando Riosmena
- Professor, Demography and Sociology, Director, Institute for Health Disparities Research
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Errazuriz A, Schmidt K, Valenzuela P, Pino R, Jones PB. Common mental disorders in Peruvian immigrant in Chile: a comparison with the host population. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1274. [PMID: 37391769 PMCID: PMC10314508 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Inner Santiago Health Study (ISHS) aimed to (i) estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD; i.e. depressive and anxiety disorders) among immigrants of Peruvian origin in Chile; (ii) determine whether such immigrants are at higher risk of CMD when compared with the native-born geographically matched population (i.e. non-immigrants); and (iii) identify factors associated with higher risk of any CMD among this immigrant group. A secondary aim was to describe access to mental health services by Peruvian immigrants meeting criteria for any CMD. METHODS Findings are based on a population-based cross-sectional household mental health survey of 608 immigrant and 656 non-immigrant adults (18-64 years) residing in Santiago de Chile. Diagnoses of ICD-10 depressive and anxiety disorders and of any CMD were obtained using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. The relationships between demographic, economic, psychosocial, and migration-specific predictor variables, and risk of any CMD were analyzed with a series of stepwise multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS The one-week prevalence of any CMD was 29.1% (95% CI: 25.2-33.1) among immigrants and 34.7% (95% CI: 30.7-38.7) among non-immigrants. Depending on the statistical model used in the pooled sample, we found the prevalence of any CMD among non-immigrants to be higher (OR=1.53; 95% CI: 1.05-2.25) or similar (OR=1.34; 95% CI: 0.94-19.2) when compared with immigrants. In the multivariate stepwise regression of any CMD in immigrants only, the prevalence was higher for females, those with primary compared to higher education, in debt and exposed to discrimination. Conversely, higher levels of functional social support, sense of comprehensibility, and manageability were associated with a lower risk of any CMD in immigrants. In addition, no differences were observed between immigrants and non-immigrants reporting any CMD in mental health service utilization. CONCLUSION Our results evidence high levels of current CMD in this immigrant group, particularly amongst women. However, lower adjusted prevalence of any CMD in immigrants compared to non-immigrants was limited to preliminary statistical models, thus failing to provide clear support for a "healthy immigrant effect". The study sheds new light on differences in CMD prevalence by immigrant status in Latin America by examining differential exposure to risk factors in immigrant versus non-immigrant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Errazuriz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, 8330077 Chile
| | - Kristin Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East of England, Cambridge, UK
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Xu L, Tang F, Chen Y, Dong X. Acculturation and depressive symptoms among older Chinese immigrants in the United States: the roles of positive and negative social interactions. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:604-611. [PMID: 35144508 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2032592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Immigration is a stressful experience. Social interactions with family members and friends play an important role in the health and well-being of immigrant older adults. This study examined the association between different domains of acculturation and depressive symptoms among older Chinese immigrants in the United States and investigated the roles of positive and negative interactions with family and friends in such associations.Method: We used data from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE), a population-based survey of community-dwelling Chinese older adults in the Greater Chicago area (N = 3,158). Depressive symptoms were measured by the PHQ-9. Acculturation, positive and negative social interactions with partner/family/friends were all measured by standard scales. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between acculturation and the probability of having depressive symptoms.Results: Results showed that only social acculturation was correlated with a higher likelihood of having depressive symptoms after controlling for relevant sociodemographic variables. Results also demonstrated that 'high positive & high negative', as well as 'high positive & low negative' social interactions had significant moderating effects on the association between media acculturation and depressive symptoms.Conclusion: The study findings suggest that although older Chinese immigrants in the United States with high levels of social acculturation are vulnerable to depressive symptoms, high positive social interactions with partner/family/friends buffer the relationship between media acculturation and depressive symptoms. Community services can help with social acculturation and more positive interactions from partner/family/friends to alleviate depressive symptoms among older Chinese immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Fengyan Tang
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiwei Chen
- College of Arts and Science, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Xinqi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers Unvieristy, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Verdaguer S, Ramya R, Hernández M, Flórez KR. Examining the Independent Association Between Acculturative Stress and Psychological Distress Among Mexican Immigrants in New York City: An Exploratory Study. Health Equity 2023; 7:197-205. [PMID: 36974196 PMCID: PMC10039280 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2022.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examines the association between acculturative stress and psychological distress among Mexican immigrants living in New York City. It takes account factors such as language barriers, legal status, fear of deportation, and avoidance of social health and human services, and how these factors are implicated in the mental health status of the study population. Design Study draws from a community-based sample of Mexican American adults from the Social Network of Mexican Americans study recruited from a church-based community center in the Bronx, New York. Eighty Mexican immigrants were included in this analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to display participants' characteristics. Pearson correlation and multiple regressions were run to determine the relationship between acculturative stress and psychological distress, and also with each of the items from the acculturative stress scale. Both scales have been validated among Spanish-speaking Latino immigrants. Results A significant moderate positive relationship was found between acculturative stress and psychological distress. Within the acculturative stress scale, those items related to language discrimination, evasion of health services, and feeling guilty for leaving family/friends in home country had significant associations with increased psychological distress. Conclusion The findings support the need for interventions that account for the major stressors associated with being a Mexican immigrant in the United States to prevent psychological distress, especially given the anti-immigration policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Verdaguer
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
- Address correspondence to: Sandra Verdaguer, MPH, Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Rachita Ramya
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - María Hernández
- El Instituto: Institute of Latina/o, Caribbean and Latin America Studies of College of Liberal Arts and Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Karen R. Flórez
- Environmental, Occupational and Geospatial Sciences Department, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
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Shuman S, Pollitt AM, O'Brien M, Ibrahim J, Gupta J. Health Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence and Help-seeking Among Unauthorized Immigrant Women. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP15620-NP15648. [PMID: 34076546 PMCID: PMC10812846 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211020981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) research on immigrant women who are unauthorized is particularly scarce, despite unique vulnerabilities associated with their documentation status that may impact help-seeking and health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to document the frequency of lifetime IPV and related help-seeking behaviors, and examine the relationship between IPV, major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and health-related quality of life (HRQL) among a community health center-based sample of unauthorized, Spanish-speaking immigrant women in Philadelphia. A clinic-based sample of unauthorized Spanish-speaking women (N = 200, ages 18-65) completed an anonymous, cross-sectional survey on IPV experiences, help-seeking behaviors, and self-reported health in 2013-2014. Chi-square tests assessed associations between sociodemographic variables and IPV. Multivariable logistic regression investigated whether IPV predicted mental health outcomes. Approximately one in three (34.5%) women reported lifetime IPV experiences. Of these, half (56.6%) sought help (formal n = 22; informal n = 25) because of the violence. Women identified not knowing where to go, believing that help was not necessary, and embarrassment as barriers to help-seeking. Symptoms consistent with MDD and PTSD were reported by 40.5% and 16% of the sample, respectively. In unadjusted logistic regression models, IPV survivors were more likely to endorse MDD and PTSD, and report low mental health HRQL scores than counterparts without IPV. In fully adjusted models, only the association between IPV and PTSD remained significant (OR: 3.80, p =.01). Study findings document high frequencies of IPV, MDD, and PTSD among this clinic-based sample of unauthorized immigrant women. Women who reported IPV also had a greater likelihood of reporting symptoms consistent with PTSD. Findings highlight the need for clinic-based mental health and trauma-informed services tailored to unauthorized immigrant women as well as interventions to decrease IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shuman
- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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DeBrabander M, Venta A. Migration experiences of Central American youth: Developing a new measure. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114652. [PMID: 35640324 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of children and families migrating from Central America to the United States (U.S.) has increased exponentially (Rosenblum, 2015). Likely due to this influx, research on Latinx immigrants has also increased. However, no standard assessment of youth migration experiences currently exists. The present study introduces a new measure and pilot data on the migration experiences of youth from Central America. The Migration Experiences Interview (MEI) is a 25-question semi-structured interview that encompasses youths' experiences before, during, and after migration to the U.S, covering topics such as their control over the decision to migrate, whether they witnessed frightening situations along their journey, and their experiences living in the U.S. thus far. The present study provides pilot data on a sample of 64 recently migrated Central American youths aged 15 to 25 (39.1% female). The MEI provides in-depth characterizations and narrative examples of migration experiences that add important information on a largely understudied population to the literature. The MEI's standard, publicly available format has utility for increased consistency in future research and implications for clinical practice and immigration policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan DeBrabander
- Department of Psychology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, United States
| | - Amanda Venta
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
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Lin S, Chong AC, Su EH, Chen SL, Chwa WJ, Young C, Schreiber J, Zia SK. Medical student anxiety and depression in the COVID-19 Era: Unique needs of underrepresented students. EDUCATION FOR HEALTH (ABINGDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 35:41-47. [PMID: 36647931 DOI: 10.4103/efh.efh_112_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity, mortality, and mental health consequences. Few studies have examined the mental toll of COVID-19 on United States (US) medical students, who experience greater rates of depression and anxiety than the general population. Students who identify as underrepresented in medicine (URM) may experience even greater mental health adversities than non-URM peers. This study examines COVID-19's impact on preclinical medical student anxiety and depression and unique challenges disproportionately affecting URM students during the initial phase of the pandemic. METHODS Medical students at four US institutions completed an anonymous survey including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaires for depression and anxiety. Participants provided information on demographics, past mental health difficulties, and concerns during the pandemic. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed using SPSS. RESULTS During the initial phase of the pandemic, URMs were 3.71 times more likely to be in the at-risk category on GAD-7 than non-URM peers. Before COVID-19, there was no significant difference between self-reported feelings or diagnoses of anxiety between groups. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were significant differences in feelings of increased anxiety between URM (Mdn = 76) and non-URM (Mdn = 49) students, U = 702.5, P < 0.001, feelings of increased sadness between URM (Mdn = 49) and non-URM (Mdn = 34) students, U = 1036.5, P = 0.042, concern for new financial difficulty between URM (Mdn = 50) and non-URM students (Mdn = 7), U = 950.5, P = 0.012, and concern about lack of mental health support from their academic institution between URM (Mdn = 18) and non-URM students (Mdn = 9), U = 1083, P = 0.036 (one-tailed). DISCUSSION Large-scale crises such as COVID-19 may exacerbate mental health disparities between URM and non-URM students. Medical schools should consider increasing financial and mental health support for URM students in response to these significant adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Lin
- Department of Medical Education, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert C Chong
- Department of Medical Education, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin H Su
- Department of Medical Education, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina L Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Won Jong Chwa
- Department of Medical Education, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chantal Young
- Department of Medical Education, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Schreiber
- Department of Medical Education, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie K Zia
- Department of Medical Education, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Epidemiology of depression among displaced people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114493. [PMID: 35316692 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Displaced people are prone to develop mental health problems due to resettlement in new environments, traumatic events and forced migration. Depression is a mental health problem repeatedly observed among displaced people such as refugees, migrants, asylum seekers and internally displaced persons (IDPs). Therefore, estimating the global pooled prevalence of depression as well as pinpointing its determinants may support policymakers and health care workers to mitigate the disease burden and improve the psychological well-being of displaced people. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHIL, Psych-INFO, and SCOPUS databases were searched for English written relevant observational studies conducted between 1984 and 2020. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Heterogeneity across studies was checked using the Q- and I2 test. Publication bias was checked by observing Funnel plot symmetry and using Egger's regression test. STATA 16 was used to combine studies using a random effect model. RESULTS Of the 4102 studies identified, 81 studies with an overall sample size of 53,458 were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence estimate of depression among displaced people was 26.4% (95% CI; 22.2-31.1). Also, three in five IDPs, one in three refugees and asylum seekers and one in four migrants suffer from depression globally. Being female migrant [AOR: 2.46 95% CI: 1.79-3.13, I2=34.5%), non-partnered marital status [AOR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.29-3.30, I2= 0.00%], and perceived low social support [AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.00-2.52, I2=34.6%] were significant determinants of depression among displaced people. CONCLUSION Overall, around 1 in 4 displaced people suffer from depression and exceed the prevalence of depression reported by community samples in different nations and demonstrate a need for culturally fitting and targeted responses from migrant/refugee host nations and their serving clinicians.
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Farid D, Li P, Da Costa D, Afif W, Szabo J, Dasgupta K, Rahme E. Depression, diabetes and immigration status: a retrospective cohort study using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. CMAJ Open 2022; 10:E508-E518. [PMID: 35700994 PMCID: PMC9343120 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20210019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A bidirectional association between depression and diabetes exists, but has not been evaluated in the context of immigrant status. Given that social determinants of health differ between immigrants and nonimmigrants, we evaluated the association between diabetes and depression incidence, depression and diabetes incidence, and whether immigrant status modified this association, among immigrants and nonimmigrants in Canada. METHODS We employed a retrospective cohort design using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Comprehensive cohort (baseline [2012-2015] and 3-year follow-up [2015-2018]). We defined participants as having diabetes if they self-reported it or if their glycated hemoglobin A1c level was 7% or more; we defined participants as having depression if their Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score was 10 or higher or if they were currently undergoing depression treatment. We excluded those with baseline depression (Cohort 1) and baseline diabetes (Cohort 2) to evaluate the associations between diabetes and depression incidence, and between depression and diabetes incidence, respectively. We constructed logistic regression models with interaction by immigrant status. RESULTS Cohort 1 (n = 20 723; mean age 62.7 yr, standard deviation [SD] 10.1 yr; 47.6% female) included 3766 (18.2%) immigrants. Among immigrants, 16.4% had diabetes, compared with 15.6% among nonimmigrants. Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of depression in nonimmigrants (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.49), but not in immigrants (adjusted OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.80-1.56). Younger age, female sex, weight change, poor sleep quality and pain increased depression risk. Cohort 2 (n = 22 054; mean age 62.1 yr, SD 10.1 yr; 52.2% female) included 3913 (17.7%) immigrants. Depression was associated with an increased risk of diabetes in both nonimmigrants (adjusted OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.16-1.68) and immigrants (adjusted OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.08-2.37). Younger age, male sex, waist circumference, weight change, hypertension and heart disease increased diabetes risk. INTERPRETATION We found an overall bidirectional association between diabetes and depression that was not significantly modified by immigrant status. Screening for diabetes for people with depression and screening for depression for those with diabetes should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Farid
- Department of Family Medicine (Farid, Szabo), McGill University; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Farid, Li, Da Costa, Dasgupta, Rahme), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pediatrics (Li), and Division of Clinical Epidemiology (Da Costa, Rahme), Department of Medicine, McGill University; Division of Gastroenterology (Afif), Department of Medicine, and Chronic Viral Illnesses Service (Szabo), McGill University Health Centre; Division of General Internal Medicine (Dasgupta), Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Patricia Li
- Department of Family Medicine (Farid, Szabo), McGill University; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Farid, Li, Da Costa, Dasgupta, Rahme), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pediatrics (Li), and Division of Clinical Epidemiology (Da Costa, Rahme), Department of Medicine, McGill University; Division of Gastroenterology (Afif), Department of Medicine, and Chronic Viral Illnesses Service (Szabo), McGill University Health Centre; Division of General Internal Medicine (Dasgupta), Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Deborah Da Costa
- Department of Family Medicine (Farid, Szabo), McGill University; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Farid, Li, Da Costa, Dasgupta, Rahme), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pediatrics (Li), and Division of Clinical Epidemiology (Da Costa, Rahme), Department of Medicine, McGill University; Division of Gastroenterology (Afif), Department of Medicine, and Chronic Viral Illnesses Service (Szabo), McGill University Health Centre; Division of General Internal Medicine (Dasgupta), Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Waqqas Afif
- Department of Family Medicine (Farid, Szabo), McGill University; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Farid, Li, Da Costa, Dasgupta, Rahme), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pediatrics (Li), and Division of Clinical Epidemiology (Da Costa, Rahme), Department of Medicine, McGill University; Division of Gastroenterology (Afif), Department of Medicine, and Chronic Viral Illnesses Service (Szabo), McGill University Health Centre; Division of General Internal Medicine (Dasgupta), Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Jason Szabo
- Department of Family Medicine (Farid, Szabo), McGill University; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Farid, Li, Da Costa, Dasgupta, Rahme), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pediatrics (Li), and Division of Clinical Epidemiology (Da Costa, Rahme), Department of Medicine, McGill University; Division of Gastroenterology (Afif), Department of Medicine, and Chronic Viral Illnesses Service (Szabo), McGill University Health Centre; Division of General Internal Medicine (Dasgupta), Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Kaberi Dasgupta
- Department of Family Medicine (Farid, Szabo), McGill University; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Farid, Li, Da Costa, Dasgupta, Rahme), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pediatrics (Li), and Division of Clinical Epidemiology (Da Costa, Rahme), Department of Medicine, McGill University; Division of Gastroenterology (Afif), Department of Medicine, and Chronic Viral Illnesses Service (Szabo), McGill University Health Centre; Division of General Internal Medicine (Dasgupta), Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que
| | - Elham Rahme
- Department of Family Medicine (Farid, Szabo), McGill University; Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (Farid, Li, Da Costa, Dasgupta, Rahme), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pediatrics (Li), and Division of Clinical Epidemiology (Da Costa, Rahme), Department of Medicine, McGill University; Division of Gastroenterology (Afif), Department of Medicine, and Chronic Viral Illnesses Service (Szabo), McGill University Health Centre; Division of General Internal Medicine (Dasgupta), Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que.
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Arita K, Shibanuma A, Carandang RR, Jimba M. Competence in Daily Activities and Mental Well-Being among Technical Intern Trainees in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063189. [PMID: 35328879 PMCID: PMC8951441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Migrant workers are at a greater risk of having low mental well-being compared to their local counterparts. The Japanese government accepts migrants through its Technical Intern Training programs, but the factors associated with their mental well-being remain unclear. This study aimed to (1) assess trainees' competence and importance in daily activities and (2) examine the association between their competence and mental well-being. We conducted a cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires. We recruited trainees through their supervising organizations and social media. We used the Occupational Self-Assessment tool to measure competence and importance in daily activities and the World Health Organization-5 Well-being Index to measure mental well-being. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the association between competence and mental well-being. Among 383 trainees, 30.6% felt difficulty expressing themselves, and 27.4% felt difficulty accomplishing goals. Almost 50% valued self-care, working towards their goals, and managing their finances. Higher competence scores were associated with higher mental well-being scores (B = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.52, 1.00). Competence may be a key to having higher mental well-being among migrant trainees in Japan. A supportive and enabling environment, as well as mental health promotion at the community level, may improve trainees' competence in daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniko Arita
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (K.A.); (R.R.C.); (M.J.)
- Department of Occupational Therapy, The Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Akira Shibanuma
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (K.A.); (R.R.C.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-03-5841-3403
| | - Rogie Royce Carandang
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (K.A.); (R.R.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Masamine Jimba
- Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (K.A.); (R.R.C.); (M.J.)
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16
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Castilla-Puentes R, Dagar A, Villanueva D, Jimenez-Parrado L, Valleta LG, Falcone T. Digital conversations about depression among Hispanics and non-Hispanics in the US: a big-data, machine learning analysis identifies specific characteristics of depression narratives in Hispanics. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2021; 20:50. [PMID: 34844618 PMCID: PMC8630887 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-021-00372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital conversations can offer unique information into the attitudes of Hispanics with depression outside of formal clinical settings and help generate useful information for medical treatment planning. Our study aimed to explore the big data from open-source digital conversations among Hispanics with regard to depression, specifically attitudes toward depression comparing Hispanics and non-Hispanics using machine learning technology. METHODS Advanced machine-learning empowered methodology was used to mine and structure open-source digital conversations of self-identifying Hispanics and non-Hispanics who endorsed suffering from depression and engaged in conversation about their tone, topics, and attitude towards depression. The search was limited to 12 months originating from US internet protocol (IP) addresses. In this cross-sectional study, only unique posts were included in the analysis and were primarily analyzed for their tone, topic, and attitude towards depression between the two groups using descriptive statistical tools. RESULTS A total of 441,000 unique conversations about depression, including 43,000 (9.8%) for Hispanics, were posted. Source analysis revealed that 48% of conversations originated from topical sites compared to 16% on social media. Several critical differences were noted between Hispanics and non-Hispanics. In a higher percentage of Hispanics, their conversations portray "negative tone" due to depression (66% vs 39% non-Hispanics), show a resigned/hopeless attitude (44% vs. 30%) and were about 'living with' depression (44% vs. 25%). There were important differences in the author's determined sentiments behind the conversations among Hispanics and non-Hispanics. CONCLUSION In this first of its kind big data analysis of nearly a half-million digital conversations about depression using machine learning, we found that Hispanics engage in an online conversation about negative, resigned, and hopeless attitude towards depression more often than non-Hispanic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Castilla-Puentes
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Training, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Neuroscience- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA. .,Hispanic Organization of Leadership and Achievement, HOLA, Employee Resource Group of Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Anjali Dagar
- Department of Psychiatry/Epilepsy, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dinorah Villanueva
- Neuroscience- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.,Hispanic Organization of Leadership and Achievement, HOLA, Employee Resource Group of Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Laura Jimenez-Parrado
- Investigation Group - Sleep Disorders and Forensic Psychiatry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Tatiana Falcone
- Department of Psychiatry/Epilepsy, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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17
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Murchland AR, Zeki Al Hazzouri A, Zhang L, Elfassy T, Grasset L, Riley AR, Wong R, Haan MN, Jones RN, Torres JM, Glymour MM. Estimating the effects of Mexico to U.S. migration on elevated depressive symptoms: evidence from pooled cross-national cohorts. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 64:53-66. [PMID: 34438024 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Migrating from Mexico to the U.S. is a major, stressful life event with potentially profound influences on mental health. However, estimating the health effects of migration is challenging because of differential selection into migration and time-varying confounder mediators of migration effects on health. METHODS We pooled data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (N = 17,771) and Mexican-born U.S. Health and Retirement Study (N = 898) participants to evaluate the effects of migration to the U.S. (at any age and in models for migration in childhood or adulthood) on depressive symptom-count, measured with a modified Centers for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. We modeled probability of migrating in each year of life from birth to either age at initial migration to the U.S. or enrollment and used these models to calculate inverse probability of migration weights. We applied the weights to covariate-adjusted negative binomial GEE models, estimating the ratio of average symptom-count associated with migration. RESULTS Mexico to U.S. migration was unrelated to depressive symptoms among men (ratio of average symptom-count= 0.98 [95% CI: 0.89, 1.08]) and women (ratio of average symptom-count = 1.00 [95% CI: 0.92, 1.09]). Results were similar for migration in childhood, early adulthood, or later adulthood. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of older Mexican-born adults, migration to the U.S. was unrelated to depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R Murchland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
| | - A Zeki Al Hazzouri
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Lanyu Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, MIA
| | - Tali Elfassy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, MIA
| | - Leslie Grasset
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, University Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alicia R Riley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rebeca Wong
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health and Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Mary N Haan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard N Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jacqueline M Torres
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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18
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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explore the mental health challenges that Central American immigrant youth face before and after arriving in the United States. This population is hard to reach, marginalized, and disproportionately exposed to trauma from a young age. This paper investigates the mental health stressors experienced by Central American immigrant youth and asylum seekers, including unaccompanied minors, surveyed in the U.S. in 2017. This mixed methods study uses qualitative data from interviews along with close-ended questions and the validated PHQ-8 Questionnaire and the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS). These new migrants face numerous challenges to mental health, increased psychopathological risk exacerbated by high levels of violence and low state-capacity in their countries of origin, restrictive immigration policies, the fear of deportation for themselves and their family members, and the pressure to integrate once in the U.S. We find that Central American youth have seen improvements in their self-reported mental health after migrating to the U.S., but remain at risk of further trauma exposure, depression, and PTSD. We find that they exhibit a disproportionate likelihood of having lived through traumatizing experiences that put them at higher risk for psychological distress and disorders that may create obstacles to integration. These can, in turn, create new stressors that exacerbate PTSD, depression, and anxiety. These conditions can be minimized through programs that aid immigrant integration and mental health.
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Abstract
Over the last decade, Baltimore has become a non-traditional sanctuary city, receiving an unprecedented influx of Latino immigrants, mostly from Central America’s Northern Triangle, who are often fleeing violence in their home countries. This study explored the nature and frequency of healthcare utilization for mental health problems among uninsured/uninsurable Latinos who received outpatient care between 2012 and 2015 through an academic hospital-affiliated program that covers primary and specialty services to uninsured patients without regard to documentation status. Encounters for mental health disorders were the most common category, accounting for 14.88% of all visits. Mood (78%) and anxiety disorders (16%) were the most prevalent mental health diagnoses. The most frequent reason to seek care was symptom, signs, and ill-defined conditions (37.47%), and within this subgroup, pain was the leading cause of seeking care (88%), which may indicate high rates of somatization of mental health distress. This study presents a unique opportunity to explore the burden and nature of mental health needs among a population for which healthcare information is rarely attainable and highlights the need for culturally competent screening mechanisms and interventions to address the stressors faced by emergent communities.
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20
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Rocha-Jiménez T, Fernández-Casanueva C, Suárez-Lopéz JR, Zúñiga ML, Crespo N, Morales-Miranda S, Goldenberg SM, Silverman JG, Brouwer KC. Intercepted journeys: Associations between migration and mobility experiences and depressive symptoms among substance using migrants at the Mexico-Guatemala border. Glob Public Health 2021; 17:297-312. [PMID: 33430720 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1866637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Substance use and depressive psychiatric symptoms have been associated with migration and mobility. The Mexico-Guatemala border is a key transit point for internal, regional, and international migration flows. However, there is limited knowledge of the role of substance use, migration, and mobility on mental health among migrants at this border. Our paper explores the association of migration and mobility patterns with possible major depressive symptoms among migrants at this key geographic region. We recruited 392 substance-using migrants using modified time-location sampling. Crude and adjusted logistic regression models were developed. We found that 12% of the sample had possible major depressive symptoms. After adjusting for relevant covariates, including gender, income, and perceived homelessness, we found that recent rural-urban and short-term migrants had higher odds of possible major depressive symptoms, whereas international migrants had lower odds. Findings of this paper suggest that although migrants experience hardship and uncertainty, they may respond with complex and nuanced forms of coping and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita Rocha-Jiménez
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Society and Health Research Center, Faculty of Humanities, Universidad Mayor, Las Condes, Santiago de Chile
| | - Carmen Fernández-Casanueva
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social CIESAS, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México
| | - José R Suárez-Lopéz
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Noe Crespo
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Shira M Goldenberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnabay, Canada
| | - Jay G Silverman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly C Brouwer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Page-Reeves J, Murray-Krezan C, Regino L, Perez J, Bleecker M, Perez D, Wagner B, Tigert S, Bearer EL, Willging CE. A randomized control trial to test a peer support group approach for reducing social isolation and depression among female Mexican immigrants. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:119. [PMID: 33430845 PMCID: PMC7798010 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female Mexican Immigrants (FMIs) experience high rates of depression compared with other populations. For this population, depression is often exacerbated by social isolation associated with the experience of immigration. Aim 1. To measure whether a culturally situated peer group intervention will reduce depression and stress associated with the experience of immigration. Aim 2. To test whether an intervention using a "women's funds of knowledge" approach results in improved resilience, knowledge and empowerment. Aim 3. To investigate whether a culturally situated peer group intervention using a women's funds of knowledge approach can give participants a sense and experience of social and physical connection ("emplacement") that is lost in the process of immigration. METHODS This mixed-methods study will implement "Tertulias" ("conversational gatherings" in Spanish), a peer support group intervention designed to improve health outcomes for FMI participants in Albuquerque, New Mexico. We will document results of the intervention on our primary hypotheses of a decrease in depression, and increases in resilience and social support, as well as on our secondary hypotheses of decreased stress (including testing of hair cortisol as a biomarker for chronic stress), and an increase in social connectedness and positive assessment of knowledge and empowerment. DISCUSSION This project will address mental health disparities in an underserved population that experiences high rates of social isolation. Successful completion of this project will demonstrate that health challenges that may appear too complex and too hard to address can be using a multi-level, holistic approach. Our use of hair samples to test for the 3-month average levels of systemic cortisol will contribute to the literature on an emerging biomarker for analyzing chronic stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 2/3/20, Identifier # NCT04254198 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lidia Regino
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Perez
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Susan Tigert
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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22
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Cooper DK, Bachem R, Meentken MG, Aceves L, Barrios AGP. Cumulative Lifetime Adversity and Depression among a National Sample of U.S. Latinx Immigrants: Within-group Differences in Risk and Protective Factors Using Data from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 8:202-220. [PMID: 33095211 DOI: 10.1037/lat0000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Latinx immigrants are exposed to multiple stressors before, during, and after migration. However, most past research has assumed the effects of these stressors are uniform across Latinx groups despite considerable within-group variation. The purpose of this study was to (a) assess the moderating effects of several risk and protective factors on the association between cumulative lifetime adversity and depression among U.S. Latinx immigrants and (b) examine the extent to which risk and protective processes differed between Latinx subgroups. Method Data came from a cross-sectional secondary dataset, called the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. The sample (N = 2893) was identified using stratified random probability sampling in four of the largest Latinx metropolitan areas: the Bronx, NY, San Diego, CA, Chicago, IL, and Miami, FL. We included four Latinx subgroups in our study: Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Mexicans, and Dominicans. Results Results from multi-group regression analyses suggested that social support moderated the association between cumulative lifetime adversity and depression. However, further subgroup analyses showed the moderation effect was only present for Cuban and Dominican immigrants. We also found that perceived discrimination moderated the association between lifetime adversity and depression for Cuban immigrants and ethnic identity moderated the relationship between lifetime adversity and depression for Dominican immigrants. Conclusions Our results provide preliminary evidence for the presence of within-group differences in responses to adverse events among Latinx immigrant groups. Results can be used to inform the development of mental health interventions tailored to the specific needs of various Latinx immigrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahel Bachem
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel Aviv University
| | - Maya G Meentken
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital
| | - Lorena Aceves
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, the Pennsylvania State University
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Ventriglio A, Bellomo A, Petito A, Pascucci M, Cuozzo E, Vitrani G, Stella E, Borraccino L, Varlese MP, Bhugra D. Factors Associated to the Onset of Mental Illness Among Hospitalized Migrants to Italy: A Chart Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 23:425-433. [PMID: 33030664 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Migration is a complex phenomenon and mental illness among immigrants remains a major matter of concern in Italy and worldwide. 243 medical and pharmacy records of patients admitted to University of Foggia hospital between 2004 and 2018 were retrospectively screened and included in the study. Socio-demographic data and clinical characteristics of inpatients were compared in those with and without first-episode of mental illness (FEMI). Subjects (140 men, 103 women; aged 34.4 ± 10.2 years) represented 6.66 ± 3.73% of all hospitalizations in 15 years. Nearly half of them (48.5%) had emigrated from other European countries. 30.8% were diagnosed with a DSM-IV TR unspecified psychosis. 103 patients (42.3%) were in first-lifetime episodes of mental illness. Factors significantly associated with FEMI were: younger age, sex (men), immigrating from Africa, poor language proficiency, lower amount of prescribed psychotropics. Mental health among immigrants is of major concern in Italy. Our findings report on factors possibly associated to the onset of mental illness among immigrant psychiatric inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, presso Policlinico "Riuniti" di Foggia, Foggia, 71121, Italy.
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, presso Policlinico "Riuniti" di Foggia, Foggia, 71121, Italy
| | - Annamaria Petito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, presso Policlinico "Riuniti" di Foggia, Foggia, 71121, Italy
| | - Marco Pascucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, presso Policlinico "Riuniti" di Foggia, Foggia, 71121, Italy
| | - Edwige Cuozzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, presso Policlinico "Riuniti" di Foggia, Foggia, 71121, Italy
| | - Giovanna Vitrani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, presso Policlinico "Riuniti" di Foggia, Foggia, 71121, Italy
| | - Eleonora Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, presso Policlinico "Riuniti" di Foggia, Foggia, 71121, Italy
| | - Luisa Borraccino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, presso Policlinico "Riuniti" di Foggia, Foggia, 71121, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Varlese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, presso Policlinico "Riuniti" di Foggia, Foggia, 71121, Italy
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Su Y, Rao W, D'Arcy C. Depression risk and body mass index among immigrants and non-immigrants in Canada: results from the Canadian Community Health Surveys, 2010-2014. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1283-1295. [PMID: 32222875 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity has been associated with an increased risk of the depression in the general population, but it is unknown whether this relationship applies equally to immigrants as well as non-immigrants. Furthermore, the nature of the relationship is uncertain, is it direct or curvilinear? The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between body mass index and major depressive episode among immigrants and non-immigrants. METHODS To provide more statistically robust data, a series of cross-sectional health surveys of the Canadian population for the 5 years 2010-2014 were pooled to increase the number of immigrants in the study. Restricted cubic splines analysis was used to examine the nature of the association. RESULTS Immigrants had lower 12-month depression and obesity prevalence rates than non-immigrants. In addition, it was found that non-immigrants were more likely to develop depression than immigrants, OR = 1.40 (95% CI, 1.16-1.67). Obese respondents were more likely to develop depression than normal weight respondents in both immigrant (OR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.03-2.32) and non-immigrant groups (OR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.15-1.32). A significant nonlinear elongated J-shaped association between obesity and depression was found for both immigrants and non-immigrants with increased risk of depression in obese individuals. CONCLUSION Culture-specific, clinical-based interventions should be developed to improve the early identification, treatment and recovery of individuals with a high BMI particularly among those with BMIs in the obese range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Wenwang Rao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Carl D'Arcy
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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Fanfan D, Rodríguez CS, Groer M, Weaver M, Stacciarini JMR. Stress and depression in the context of migration among Haitians in the United States. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2020; 28:1795-1806. [PMID: 32323900 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our global communities are becoming increasingly more diverse and interwoven; thus, research that enhances our understanding of the multidimensional relationship between depression and migration among distinct ethnic groups is imperative. This study examined the relationship between migration-related stress and depression and the extent to which that relationship is modified by other factors, through the lens of the stress process model. This cross-sectional pilot study used purposive sampling methods to recruit 76 first-generation Haitian immigrants living in South and West Florida from February 2018-May 2018. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multiple regressions were utilized to assess associations among migration-related stress (Demands of Immigration Scale), depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD), Zanmi Lasante Depression Symptom Inventory (ZLDSI)), and key demographic variables. Findings showed a strong positive correlation between migration-related stress and depression (CESD (β =.606, 95% CI [.296, .556]) and ZLDSI (β = .624, 95% CI [.242, .440]). Relative to the standardized coefficient, migration-related stress was the strongest predictor of depression after controlling for other predictors. Presence at the 2010 earthquake was the only significant moderator, showing an amplifying effect between migration-related stress and depression (ZLDSI) for those in Haiti during the 2010 earthquake. Consideration of pre-migration factors and the degree of migration-related stress encountered while adapting to life post-migration is critical because they play a significant role in shaping immigrants' depression realities. Community-based services that incorporate or partner with established immigrants to strengthen support for the most vulnerable immigrants early on after migration could serve to mitigate migration-related stressors and facilitate mental health promotion and prevention.
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Martinez-Donate AP, Verdecias N, Zhang X, Jesús Eduardo GF, Asadi-Gonzalez AA, Guendelman S, Amuedo-Dorantes C, Rangel G. Health Profile and Health Care Access of Mexican Migration Flows Traversing the Northern Border of Mexico. Med Care 2020; 58:474-482. [PMID: 32028523 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health of Latino migrants is most often studied with samples of immigrants settled in the United States or returned migrants in Mexico. We examine health outcomes and health care access of Mexican migrants traversing the Mexican border region to gain a better understanding of migrant health needs as they transition between migration phases. METHODS We used data from a 2013 probability survey of migrants from Northbound and Southbound migration flows in Tijuana, Mexico (N=2412). Respondents included Northbound migrants with and without US migration experience, Southbound migrants returning home from the United States or the Mexican border region, and migrants returning to Mexico via deportation. Descriptive statistics and regression models were estimated to characterize and compare their health status, behavioral health, and health care access across migration phases. RESULTS Northbound migrants with US migration experience, Southbound migrants from the United States, and deported migrants had worse levels of health insurance, health care utilization, and diabetes than Northbound migrants without US migration experience. Southbound migrants returning from the border reported worse self-rated health and deportees had higher odds of reported substance use compared with Northbound migrants without US migration experience. CONCLUSIONS Mexican migrants' health profile and health care access vary significantly across migration flows and generally are worse for migrants with US migration experience. The results add to our understanding of Mexican migrant health along the migration continuum and can inform services in sending, receiving, and intermediate communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niko Verdecias
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Ahmed A Asadi-Gonzalez
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gudelia Rangel
- Border Health Commission, Mexico Section, Tijuana, BC, Mexico
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Shen Q, Shi Y, Zhang S, Tsamlag L, Wang H, Chang R, Peng Z, Wang Y, Shang M, Cai Y. How involuntary subordination and social support influence the association between self-esteem and depression: a moderated mediation model. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:390. [PMID: 31829195 PMCID: PMC6907199 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, young migrants are at elevated risk of mental health problems, such as depression. The influence of self-esteem on depression is well acknowledged. We examined correlates of depression and their mediating and moderating role in the association between self-esteem and depression to promote a better understanding of depression prevention among young migrants. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among young Chinese migrants. A moderated mediation model was used to test the combined effect of involuntary subordination and social support on the association between self-esteem and depression. The Johnson-Neyman method was used to identify the range of scores for which social support acted as a moderator. RESULTS A total of 572 participants completed questionnaires. The median depression score was 19 (interquartile range: 14). Self-esteem had a negative effect on involuntary subordination (β = - 2.1440, p < 0.001). Involuntary subordination (β = 0.2406, p < 0.001), self-esteem (β = - 0.3870, p < 0.01), and social support (β = - 0.1221, p < 0.01) all had significant effects on depression. The effect of involuntary subordination on depression was moderated by social support (β = - 0.0041, p < 0.05), and the effect decreased as social support scores increased. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated a mediating role of involuntary subordination and a moderating role of social support in the association between self-esteem and depression among young Chinese migrants. Future intervention strategies should focus on these factors to reduce depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Shen
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lhakpa Tsamlag
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huwen Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Chang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zihe Peng
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meili Shang
- Sanlin Community Health Service Center, No.375, Sanlin Road, Shanghai, 200126 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
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Zaslavsky R, Goulart BNGD, Ziegelmann PK. Cross-border healthcare and prognosis of HIV infection in the triple border Brazil-Paraguay-Argentina. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00184918. [PMID: 31508700 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00184918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The act of crossing an international border for healthcare is a reality in border areas and the flow is in the direction of the city with more human and healthcare resources. Although several prognostic factors related to HIV+ patients are known, the prognostic value of this type of mobility for long term care is still neglected. This study compares the prognosis of HIV patients from three groups, one involved in regional mobility, another in cross-border mobility in search for healthcare and the reference group which is composed by patients living in the same city of the health facility. This is a retrospective cohort study using medical records from a healthcare service in Brazil. Following survival analysis with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models, overall survival had no significant difference between patients who were involved in regional (HR = 1.03; 95%CI: 0.69-1.54; p = 0.89) or international (HR = 1.07; 95%CI: 0.58-1.97; p = 0.83) mobility and those who were not. This lack of difference was kept when adjusted for known prognostic factors. In this retrospective cohort study, exposure to both regional and international migration did not have a significant association with the risk of death by any cause in crude or adjusted analyses for already known prognostic factors. This is the first study to consider the prognostic role of cross-border healthcare for HIV patients. Despite these findings, the need of monitoring the extent and the clinical and demographic characteristics of healthcare demand originated in the other side of the border and the use of these data for decision making in health management is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Zaslavsky
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil.,Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil
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The Disparity in Mental Health Between Two Generations of Internal Migrants (IMs) in China: Evidence from A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142608. [PMID: 31336662 PMCID: PMC6678572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Internal migrants (IMs) are a large, vulnerable population in China and are mostly driven by national economic reform. IMs who were born before and after 1980, when the general social and economic reform began to appear in China, are considered to be two separate generations. The generational differences in mental health across IMs remain undocumented. In this study, the intergenerational disparity in IMs’ mental health, using data from a national cross-sectional study, was assessed. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the “National Internal Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey 2014” were used. IMs were divided into the “old” or “new” generation, based on their date of birth (before 1980 vs. from 1980 onwards). Mental health includes psychological distress, which was measured using the Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6), and perceived stress, which was measured with the Perceived Stress Scales (PSS-4). Two-level Generalized Linear Mixed Models were performed so as to assess the generation gap and associated factors of each group’s mental health. IM demographics, migration characteristics, and social integration indicators were controlled for when assessing the intergenerational disparity in mental health. Results: A total of 15,999 IMs from eight different cities participated in the survey. New generation migrants accounted for 61.5% (9838/15,999) of the total sample. After controlling for participants’ characteristics, new generation migrants had higher psychological distress scores (βad = 0.084, 95% CI: (0.026,0.193) and higher perceived stress scores (βad = 0.118, 95% CI: 0.029, 0.207) than the older generation. For both generations, factors associated with good mental health included high levels of social integration, personal autonomy, and life satisfaction, as well as self-rated good physical health. For the new generation, the mental health of urban-to-urban IMs (βad = 0.201, 95%CI: 0.009, 0.410) for the K6, βad = 0.241, 95% CI: 0.073, 0.409 for the PSS-4), IMs with a longer migration duration (βad = 0.002, 95% CI: (0.000, 0.003) for the PSS-4) and IMs with a higher annual income (βad = 0.124, 95% CI: (0.029, 0.218) for the K6) was significantly poorer than their counterparts. Conclusions: New-generation migrants’ mental health is worse compared to older IMs. An array of services for addressing these generation-specific needs may facilitate the promotion of mental health among IMs in China.
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Lara-Cinisomo S, Fujimoto EM, Oksas C, Jian Y, Gharheeb A. Pilot Study Exploring Migration Experiences and Perinatal Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Immigrant Latinas. Matern Child Health J 2019; 23:1627-1647. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-019-02800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Richlin JB. The Affective Therapeutics of Migrant Faith: Evangelical Christianity among Brazilians in Greater Washington, DC. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1086/703154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Torres JM, Rudolph KE, Sofrygin O, Glymour MM, Wong R. Longitudinal associations between having an adult child migrant and depressive symptoms among older adults in the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:1432-1442. [PMID: 29982496 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Migration may impact the mental health of family members who remain in places of origin. We examined longitudinal associations between having an adult child migrant and mental health, for middle-aged and older Mexican adults accounting for complex time-varying confounding. Methods Mexican Health and Aging Study cohort (N = 11 806) respondents ≥50 years completed a 9-item past-week depressive symptoms scale; scores of ≥5 reflected elevated depressive symptoms. Expected risk differences (RD) for elevated depressive symptoms at each wave due to having at least one (versus no) adult child migrant in the US or in another Mexican city were estimated with longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation. Results Women with at least one adult child in the US had a higher adjusted baseline prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms (RD: 0.063, 95% CI: 0.035, 0.091) compared to women with no adult children in the US. Men with at least one child in another Mexican city at all three study waves had a lower adjusted prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms at 11-year follow-up (RD: -0.042, 95% CI: -0.082, -0.003) compared to those with no internal migrant children over those waves. For men and women with ≤3 total children, adverse associations between having an adult child in the US and depressive symptoms persisted beyond baseline. Conclusions Associations between having an adult child migrant and depressive symptoms varied by respondent gender, family size, and the location of the child migrant. Trends in population aging and migration bring new urgency to examining associations with other outcomes and in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Torres
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara E Rudolph
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Oleg Sofrygin
- Department of Biostatistics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebeca Wong
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Donato KM, Caron L, Hamilton E. Migration and Mental Health in Mexico: Domestic Migrants, Return U.S. Migrants, and Non-Migrants. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:970. [PMID: 32116812 PMCID: PMC7008711 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we use survey data from the Mexican Retrospective Demographic Survey (Encuesta Demográfica Retrospectiva) and National Survey of Households (Encuesta Nacional de Hogares) collected in 2017 to examine self-reports of depression, anxiety, chronic fatigue, and pain among domestic migrants, returned U.S. migrants, and non-migrants. Although self-reports do not always correspond to clinical diagnoses, they offer some insight into mental health, especially for those without a diagnosis because of limited access to services or stigma. Regression results reveal that domestic migrants, e.g., those who moved within Mexico, reported more anxiety, chronic fatigue, and pain, but risks for U.S. migrants were comparable to non-migrants, controlling for other characteristics. Findings from the decomposition analysis helps explain these findings. While domestic migrant vs. non-migrant differences result both from different migrant demographic attributes, such as age and gender, and differences in the effects of these characteristics between the groups, U.S. migrant vs. non-migrant differences in anxiety and pain emerge only after allowing for the relationship between each observed characteristic and the mental health outcome to vary. Thus, compared to domestic migrants, U.S. migrants are selected on characteristics associated with good mental health-they are positively selected-but those characteristics are not protective for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Donato
- Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Laura Caron
- Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Erin Hamilton
- University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Migration and depression: A cross-national comparison of Mexicans in sending communities and Durham, NC. Soc Sci Med 2018; 219:1-10. [PMID: 30339846 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Latino immigrants have been shown to average better health and longevity than native whites, in spite of their relative socioeconomic disadvantage. However, mental health outcomes stand in stark contrast to this epidemiological "paradox," as factors such as depression are significantly higher for Latino immigrants than other groups. OBJECTIVE We explore the link between migration and depressive feelings using a binational random survey of Mexicans in Durham, NC and sending communities in Mexico. METHOD Explanations for the link between migration and depression, such as acculturative stress, lack of social support, and powerlessness and isolation, are analyzed by comparing results for protective vs. risk factors between residents of Mexico and Durham, and among immigrants themselves. Besides, selection hypothesis is explored using propensity matching scores. RESULTS Results show little support for selection as an important source of migrant depression, and instead provide strong evidence that migration itself, and the disruption of social networks that it entails, is primarily responsible for the association. Family separation, in particular, is the strongest predictor of depressive feelings and accounts for a sizeable portion of the heightened depression among migrants. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the subjective experiences of migration is necessary to better integrate newcomers into host societies.
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Foo SQ, Tam WW, Ho CS, Tran BX, Nguyen LH, McIntyre RS, Ho RC. Prevalence of Depression among Migrants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1986. [PMID: 30213071 PMCID: PMC6163821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the number of migrants worldwide increases, it is worthwhile to examine the extent to which depression has affected this group of often vulnerable individuals. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the aggregate prevalence of depression among international migrants and to explore the variations in prevalence with demographic and educational factors. A search was conducted on the online databases PubMed and ScienceDirect whole using the terms "depression", "depressive disorder", "immigration", "immigrant", "migration", and "migrant". A total of 25 studies met our inclusion criteria. A random-effects model meta-analysis calculated an aggregate prevalence of 15.6% among migrants. Heterogeneity was identified by meta-regression and subgroup analyses, and the level of educational attainment, employment status, and length of residency spent in country of migration were found to be significant moderators contributing to depression prevalence. In conclusion, newly arrived migrants appear to be susceptible to developing depression and it is imperative that more in the form of preventive strategies and increased assistance be incorporated to ensure their psychological wellbeing and improve their mental health outcomes. Further research should be conducted to better understand the risk of psychiatric disorders among members of this subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea Q Foo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Wilson W Tam
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
| | - Cyrus S Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Bach X Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Long H Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Roger C Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
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The Effect of Unpreparedness for Immigration Court on Psychopathology. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-018-0614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Luo M, Jiang X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Shen Q, Li R, Cai Y. Association between induced abortion and suicidal ideation among unmarried female migrant workers in three metropolitan cities in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:625. [PMID: 29764402 PMCID: PMC5952593 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite reports of mental health issues, suicidality has not been closely examined among the migrant population. The association between induced abortion and suicidal ideation is unknown among unmarried female migrant workers of reproductive age in China. This study aims to examine induced abortion and suicidality among the Chinese migrant population. Methods We recruited 5115 unmarried female migrant workers during 2015 to 2016 from Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou, and collected demographic, psychosocial, reproductive and mental health information using structured questionnaires. We used logistic regression models to examine the association between lifetime induced abortion and suicidal ideation during the past year among the subjects. Results Overall, 8.2% of the subjects had suicidal ideation during the past year, and 15.5% of the subjects experienced induced abortion. Induced abortion was associated with nearly twice the odds of having past-year suicidal ideation (Odds ratio, OR = 1.89; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.46, 2.44) after adjusting for age, education, years in the working place, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, daily internet use, attitude towards premarital pregnancy, multiple induced abortion, self-esteem, loneliness, depression, and anxiety disorders. The association was stronger in those aged > 25 (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 2.16, 5.28), with > 5 years of stay in the working place (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 2.02, 4.39), the non-anxiety group (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.74, 3.00), and the non-depression group (OR = 2.94, 95% CI = 2.08, 4.15). Conclusions Induced abortion was associated with increased odds for suicidal ideation among the unmarried female migrant workers in urban cities in China. More attention should be paid to the mental health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Luo
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Jiang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zezhou Wang
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuming Shen
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Brunnet AE, Bolaséll LT, Weber JLA, Kristensen CH. Prevalence and factors associated with PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms in Haitian migrants in southern Brazil. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:17-25. [PMID: 29082817 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017737802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence rates of mental health disorders in migrants are controversial. The socio-historical and economic background of the host country may play an important role in the mental health status of migrants. As studies are mostly conducted in developed countries, researching migration in developing countries may add important information to scientific literature. AIMS This study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression symptoms in Haitian migrants in southern Brazil. METHODS The sample comprises 66 participants selected from four different sites in three cities of a Brazilian southern state. Participants fulfilled a sociodemographic questionnaire, as well as instruments investigate traumatic events; post-migration difficulties and symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression. Linear regression models were utilized to investigate factors associated with PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms. RESULTS PTSD prevalence in the sample was 9.1%. Depression and anxiety symptoms were in the clinical range of 10.6%-13.6% of participants, respectively. A number of traumatic events, acculturation difficulties, discrimination and low social support were associated with the investigated mental health disorders. CONCLUSION The results point to the importance of public policies in promoting better social and mental health support for migrants. Providing information to the Brazilian population about migration may improve receptiveness in the host society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Brunnet
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura T Bolaséll
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João LA Weber
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Christian H Kristensen
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Mental Health Among Latin American Migrants in the USA. MENTAL HEALTH AND ILLNESS IN MIGRATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0750-7_7-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ruiz-Castell M, Kandala NB, Perquin M, Bocquet V, Kuemmerle A, Vögele C, Stranges S. Depression burden in luxembourg: Individual risk factors, geographic variations and the role of migration, 2013-2015 European Health Examination Survey. J Affect Disord 2017; 222:41-48. [PMID: 28668715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a complex mental disorder that affects an increasing proportion of the worldwide population. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Luxembourg, associated risk factors and geographic variations. Additionally, it aims to assess whether first and second generation immigrants are at higher risk for depressive symptoms compared to non-immigrants. METHODS Representative cross-sectional data from 1499 residents of Luxembourg, aged 25-64 years, were collected from the Luxembourg European Health Survey (EHES-LUX). Depressive symptoms were defined as a score of ≥5 on the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression (PHQ-9) (i.e. mild, moderate or severe). Standard and Bayesian regression models were used to examine associations between depressive symptoms, immigration status and geographic distribution across Luxembourg. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 21.55% (15.54% mild, 3.54% moderate, and 2.49% moderately severe to severe). The odds of having depressive symptoms was higher among second generation immigrants compared to non-immigrants (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.41), independent of socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics. Healthier diet, higher social support and good health perception were protective towards experiencing depressive symptoms. One of the highest likelihoods of reporting depressive symptoms was observed in the South-West of the country with a positive effect at 80% credible region [CR] (1.42 [0.92, 2.73]). LIMITATIONS The participation rate was low (26.7%). The cross-sectional nature of the study does not allow us to establish causality. CONCLUSIONS Depression constitutes an important public health challenge in Luxembourg due to the impact on the overall health of the population. Social programs of health promotion should be developed to improve mental wellbeing in immigrants, especially those of second generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ruiz-Castell
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg.
| | - Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg; Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Magali Perquin
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Valéry Bocquet
- Competence Center in Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Andrea Kuemmerle
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Claus Vögele
- Institute for Health and Behaviour, Research Unit INSIDE, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Chavez LM, Shrout PE, Wang Y, Collazos F, Carmona R, Alegría M. Evaluation of the AC-OK mental health and substance abuse screening measure in an international sample of Latino immigrants. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:121-128. [PMID: 28888151 PMCID: PMC5648606 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and intervention in primary care is integral to behavioral health. Valid, practical screening assessments are scarce, particularly for non-English speaking populations. We address this need by evaluating the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the AC-OK Screen for Co-occurring Disorders for first and second generation immigrant Latinos in Massachusetts, USA, and Madrid and Barcelona, Spain. METHODS 567 Latino participants were recruited in waiting areas of clinics or by referral from Primary Care, Mental Health, Substance Use, and HIV Treatment Clinics, as well as Community Agencies. We use confirmatory factor analyses to evaluate the factor structure, correlation analysis to examine concurrent and discriminant validity, and receiver operating curves (ROC) to determine the ability of the AC-OK to approximate a composite of established instruments designed to measure depression, generalized anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, alcohol, and drugs (including benzodiazepines) as external criteria. RESULTS The original two factor structure was replicated in samples of Latino respondents in the US and Spain. Correlations with other measures followed the expected pattern. In both the US and Spain, ROC analyses suggested that the AC-OK scale was an adequate approximation to other specific measures of mental health (ROC=0.90) and substance abuse problems (ROC=0.83). CONCLUSIONS The Spanish version of the AC-OK Screen has good to excellent psychometric properties in both its subscales. These findings are robust across sites, gender, and type of clinic. We recommend its use for clinical research and for routine screening at treatment centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia M. Chavez
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus Río Piedras, PR 00935
| | - Patrick E. Shrout
- Department of Psychology, New York University 6 Washington Place, Room 455 New York, NY 10003
| | - Ye Wang
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School,50 Staniford St. Suite 830 Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Francisco Collazos
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Paseo de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Carmona
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Margarita Alegría
- Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School,50 Staniford St. Suite 830 Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Rosenkoetter MM, Nardi D, Bowcutt M. Internationally Educated Nurses in Transition in the United States: Challenges and Mediators. J Contin Educ Nurs 2017; 48:139-144. [PMID: 28253421 DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20170220-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
International migration has doubled worldwide since 1970, and nurses are increasingly becoming a part of this trend. In 2008, approximately 5.6% of RN positions were filled by nurses educated in other countries. One of the critical issues is the transition of these immigrated nurses to the U.S. health care system and acculturation in a new society. Continuing education is necessary to promote adjustment and provide for a successful transition while ensuring quality patient care. The life patterns model provides a framework to describe the challenges and potential mediators in the transition process. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2017;48(3):139-144.
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Zhong BL, Chan SSM, Liu TB, Jin D, Hu CY, Chiu HFK. Mental health of the old- and new-generation migrant workers in China: who are at greater risk for psychological distress? Oncotarget 2017; 8:59791-59799. [PMID: 28938682 PMCID: PMC5601778 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rural-to-urban migrant workers (MWs) are a large vulnerable population in China and, recently, the new-generation MWs (those born in 1980 or later) have become the majority of this population. Examining difference in the epidemiology of poor mental health between the new- and old-generation (those born before 1980) MWs would facilitate mental health promotion efforts. However, very few related studies are available and they produced conflicting findings. This study investigated intergenerational difference in prevalence and correlates of psychological distress (PD) in MWs. A total of 3031 MWs (691 old- and 2340 new-generation MWs) completed a standardized questionnaire containing socio-demographic, migration-related, and work-related variables and the Chinese 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A GHQ-12 score of 3 or higher was used to denote PD. PD was more prevalent in the new- than old-generation MWs (36.2% versus 28.2%, P < 0.001). The elevated risk of PD in the new- versus old-generation remained significant after controlling for potential confounders (OR=1.51, P < 0.001). For the new-generation, correlates for PD included low monthly income, recent two-week physical morbidity, migrating alone, poor Mandarin proficiency and long working hours; while for the old-generation, correlates for PD included low education, recent two-week physical morbidity, and having worked in many cities. The new-generation MWs are at higher risk for PD than the old-generation MWs. Mental health services for addressing the generation-specific needs may be an effective way to prevent or reduce PD of MWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Liang Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center/The Ninth Clinical School, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Sandra S M Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Tie-Bang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Chi-Yi Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Helen F K Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Torres JM, Casey JA. The centrality of social ties to climate migration and mental health. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:600. [PMID: 28679398 PMCID: PMC5498922 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change-related hazards and disasters, known to adversely impact physical and mental health outcomes, are also expected to result in human migration above current levels. Environmentally-motivated migration and displacement may lead to the disruption of existing social ties, with potentially adverse consequences for mobile populations as well as their family members who remain in places of origin. We propose that the disruption of social ties is a key mechanism by which climate-related migration may negatively impact mental health, in particular. Existing social ties may provide social and material resources that buffer mental health stressors related to both prolonged and acute climate events. Preparation for such events may also strengthen these same ties and protect mental health. Communities may leverage social ties, first to mitigate climate change, and second, to adapt and rebuild post-disaster in communities of origin. Additionally, social ties can inform migration decisions and destinations. For example, scholars have found that the drought-motivated adaptive migration of West African Fulbe herders only occurred because of the long-term development of social networks between migrants and non-migrants through trade and seasonal grazing. On the other hand, social ties do not always benefit mental health. Some migrants, including those from poor regions or communities with no formal safety net, may face considerable burden to provide financial and emotional resources to family members who remain in countries of origin. In destination communities, migrants often face significant social marginalization. Therefore, policies and programs that aim to maintain ongoing social ties among migrants and their family and community members may be critically important in efforts to enhance population resilience and adaptation to climate change and to improve mental health outcomes. Several online platforms, like Refugee Start Force, serve to integrate refugees by connecting migrants directly to people and services in destination communities. These efforts may increasingly draw upon novel technologies to support and maintain social networks in the context of population mobility due to climatic and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Torres
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholars Program, and the Center for Health & Community, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California St., Suite 465, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
| | - Joan A Casey
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholars Program and the Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Mulford Hall, 130 Hilgard Way, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Abstract
Purpose of review While the experience of migration and resettlement in a new country is associated with mental health risks, immigrants generally demonstrate better mental health than expected. This review describes patterns in mental health outcomes among immigrants. We discuss a conceptual model of the potential underlying mechanisms that could buffer the stress and disadvantage experienced by this substantial and growing population. Recent findings While epidemiological studies have established a general pattern of lower risk for mental health disorders among first-generation (foreign-born) immigrants in the U.S., recent studies highlight how this pattern varies substantially by the intersection of race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, and socioeconomic status. Contextual factors including the family and neighborhood context; an immigrant's social position; experiences of social support and social exclusion; language competency and ability; and exposure to discrimination and acculturative stress further influence the relationship between immigration and mental health. Summary We conclude with an emphasis on social resilience processes, with a focus on how immigrants develop social relations, social capital and social networks. We recommend future directions for research that prioritize identifying and understanding social adaptation strategies adopted by immigrant groups to cope with immigration stressors.
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Toselli S, Rinaldo N, Caccialupi MG, Gualdi-Russo E. Psychosocial Indicators in North African Immigrant Women in Italy. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 20:431-440. [PMID: 28258468 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-017-0562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present research evaluated the psychosocial health and quality of life of North African (NA) immigrant women living in Italy. A survey of 205 NA-born and Italian-born women was carried out. Psychosocial, sociodemographic and migration data were collected. Anthropometric indices were computed by direct measurements of height, weight, waist and hip circumferences. Multivariate analysis showed that the main explanatory variable for all dimensions of psychosocial status was the migrant status. Other explanatory variables were educational level and number of children for psychological discomfort, and weight status for well-being, quality of life and stress. Anthropometric indices were explanatory variables for quality of life. In conclusion, this study provides further evidence of higher psychological stress and discomfort and lower well-being and quality of life in immigrant women. Public social support is necessary to control, maintain and improve the mental health outcomes of immigrant communities in the host country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Toselli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | - Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Pignon B, Geoffroy PA, Thomas P, Roelandt JL, Rolland B, Morgan C, Vaiva G, Amad A. Prevalence and clinical severity of mood disorders among first-, second- and third-generation migrants. J Affect Disord 2017; 210:174-180. [PMID: 28049102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of migration as a risk factor remains unknown for mood disorders because of poor data. We sought to examine the prevalence and severity of mood disorders (bipolar disorder (BD), unipolar depressive disorder (UDD) and dysthymia) in first, second, and third generation migrants in France. METHODS The Mental Health in the General Population survey interviewed 38,694 individuals. The prevalence of lifetime mood disorders, comorbidities, and clinical features was compared between migrants and non-migrants and by generation. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex and level of education. RESULTS The prevalence of any lifetime mood disorder was higher in migrants compared with non-migrants (OR = 1.36, 95% CI [1.27 - 1.45]). This increased prevalence was significant for UDD (OR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.34 - 1.54]), but not for BD (OR = 1.15, 95% CI [0.96 - 1.36]) or dysthymia (OR = 1.09, 95% CI [0.94 - 1.27]), although the prevalence of BD was increased in the third generation (OR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.01 - 1.60]). Migrants with BD or UDD were more likely to display a comorbid psychotic disorder compared to non-migrants with BD or UDD. Cannabis-use disorders were more common in migrant groups for the 3 mood disorders, whereas alcohol-use disorders were higher in migrants with UDD. Posttraumatic stress disorder was more frequent among migrants with UDD. LIMITATIONS The study used cross-sectional prevalence data and could be biased by differences in the course of disease according to migrant status. Moreover, this design does not allow causality conclusion or generalization of the main findings. CONCLUSION Mood disorders are more common among migrants, especially UDD. Moreover, migrants with mood disorders presented with a more severe profile, with increased rates of psychotic and substance-use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Pignon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, Psychiatry Department, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Pierre Alexis Geoffroy
- Inserm, U1144, Paris F-75006, France; Paris Descartes University, UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75006, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, Paris F-75013, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - F. Widal, Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine Department, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, Psychiatry Department, F-59000 Lille, France; Federation of Mental Health Research, Lille, France; INSERM 1123, Equipe ECEVE, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Roelandt
- World Health Organization Collaborative Centre (WHO-CC), EPSM Lille-Metropole, Lille, France; INSERM 1123, Equipe ECEVE, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, Psychiatry Department, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU LILLE, U1171, Department of Addiction Medicine - Addiction Consultation Liaison Unit, Pôle de Psychiatrie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Craig Morgan
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, Psychiatry Department, F-59000 Lille, France; Federation of Mental Health Research, Lille, France
| | - Ali Amad
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU LILLE, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, UMR9193-PsychiC-SCALab, Psychiatry Department, F-59000 Lille, France; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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Common Mental Disorders at the Time of Deportation: A Survey at the Mexico-United States Border. J Immigr Minor Health 2017; 17:1732-8. [PMID: 25118675 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Deportations from the Unites States (US) to Mexico increased substantially during the last decade. Considering deportation as a stressful event with potential consequences on mental health, we aimed to (1) estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) among deported migrants; and (2) explore the association between migratory experience, social support and psychological variables, and CMD in this group. In repatriation points along the border, a probability sample of deportees responded to the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). The prevalence of CMD was 16.0% (95% CI 12.3, 20.6). There was a U-shaped association between time in the US and SRQ score. Times returned to Mexico, having a spouse in the US, number of persons in household, less social support, anxiety as a personality trait, and avoidant coping style were directly associated with SRQ score. Public health policies should address the need for mental health care among deported migrants.
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Jurado D, Alarcón RD, Martínez-Ortega JM, Mendieta-Marichal Y, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Gurpegui M. Factors associated with psychological distress or common mental disorders in migrant populations across the world. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsmen.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Stacciarini JMR, Smith RF, Wiens B, Pérez A, Locke B, LaFlam M. I Didn't Ask to Come to this Country…I was a Child: The Mental Health Implications of Growing Up Undocumented. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:1225-30. [PMID: 24961580 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Growing up as an undocumented immigrant and transitioning to "illegal" adulthood can expose the person to adverse social determinants, which can detrimentally affect mental health by acting as chronic stressors. Although there have been several attempts to reform immigration, none have been entirely successful. Recently, the Dream Act and the path toward citizenship may be important steps for reducing mental health disparities among the undocumented, immigrant population. This case report will describe the experiences of one Latino "dreamer", reveal the effects of an undocumented status on mental health, and posit future directions for mental health promotion in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne-Marie R Stacciarini
- Department of Health Care Environments and Systems, College of Nursing, University of Florida, 101 S. Newel Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA,
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