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Sum KWR, Sit CHP, Rudd JR, Chow JY, Zhang XF. An ecological dynamics approach to promote physical literacy and well-being of primary school children: a cluster randomised controlled trial study protocol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e088312. [PMID: 38839394 PMCID: PMC11163608 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-088312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the impact of an ecological dynamics (ED) intervention (EDI) on primary school children's physical literacy and well-being in the Hong Kong context. The aim of this project is to introduce a physical literacy and well-being framework through an EDI that allows primary school children to develop good physical activity (PA) and daily behavioural habits. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A four-arm (cluster) randomised controlled trial will be conducted to examine the effect of EDI on physical literacy and well-being in primary schools located in each of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong. Four classes in senior primary students (grade 4) at each school will be randomly assigned to the four different conditions. These participating schools will be equipped with sit-stand desks, PA recess facility and equipment, and sleep pillows. The research team will adopt both objective measures (aerobic fitness, fundamental movement skills, daily behaviour-physical activity and cognitive function) and self-reported measures (perceived physical literacy, quality of life, sleep quality) covering the elements and domains of physical literacy and well-being to examine the effects of EDIs at four time points, including baseline assessment, 3 months after intervention, postintervention and 3-month follow-up assessment. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) will be used to test for differences in the baseline characteristics of participants between groups. Repeated measure ANOVAs and MANCOVA, with time (baseline, after intervention and follow-up) as within-subjects factor, and intervention group as between-subjects factors, will be used to evaluate the effects of different interventions on the students' physical literacy and well-being. A Bonferonni correction to the p value will be calculated to adjust for multiple tests. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was sought from the Joint CUHK-NTEC Clinical Research Ethics Committee in Hong Kong (CREC Ref.No.:2024.027). The finding of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals, international conference presentations and academic lectures. For secondary analysis of the data, please contact the corresponding author for permission. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN84025914.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wai Raymond Sum
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Cindy Hui-Ping Sit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | | | - Jia Yi Chow
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xiao Fei Zhang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Haran M, Killeen D, Smyth J, McNicholas F. A scoping review of physical activity interventions in youth attending child and adolescent mental health services. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:1391-1402. [PMID: 38267797 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an international effort to improve physical health in general and in those with mental illness. Physical activity (PA) may be beneficial as an adjunctive treatment for mental health disorders and to improve physical well-being. AIMS The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to PA interventions offered in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Eligibility was determined using the Population, Concept, Context framework. Studies were included if the participants were under 18 years old, attending CAMHS and where PA interventions were offered. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SportDiscus were searched without language or date restrictions. Titles and abstracts, followed by full texts, were screened by two independent reviewers. Two reviewers carried out data extraction, and discrepancies in any of these processes were resolved in consultation with a third reviewer. RESULTS After 2213 non-duplicate titles and abstracts were screened, 2090 were excluded and 123 full texts were screened. Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. Included studies demonstrated PA interventions to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms and improving psychosocial functioning. While no study reported significant changes in anthropometric measurements, 2 studies demonstrated increased aerobic fitness. CONCLUSION Evidence that PA interventions are being offered in CAMHS worldwide is limited. Included studies demonstrate potential benefits in depressive symptoms, psychosocial functioning, self-esteem and aerobic fitness in youth attending CAMHS. Future research should identify effective ways to incorporate exercise interventions in CAMHS and evaluate long-term benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve Haran
- Lucena Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS), Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - David Killeen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght, Dublin, D24TN3C, Ireland
| | - Justin Smyth
- Head of Library Services, St John of God's Research Foundation, Saint John of God Hospitaller Services Group, Granada, Stillorgan, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona McNicholas
- Lucena Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS), Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Paediatric Liaison Psychiatry, Children's Health Ireland (CHI), Dublin, Ireland
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St. Pierre C, Mitchell J, Guan W, Sacheck JM. Promoting physical activity and youth development in schools: the case for near-peer coaches. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345282. [PMID: 38525329 PMCID: PMC10957741 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sports-based youth development (SBYD) programs provide an inclusive, supportive environment for promoting physical activity as well as nurturing the development of life skills which, in combination, promote physical, mental, and emotional health in youth. The Up2Us Sports SBYD program was implemented in six schools in New Orleans, Louisiana in 2020-2022, where near-peer coaches from the community were placed in schools and present throughout the school day. The intervention period straddled the COVID-19 pandemic as well as extreme weather events, modifying program delivery. Process/methods An exploratory case study was conducted to understand participant experience amid program disruptions and modifications, as well as their perceptions of program impact on physical activity and health. Interviews with coaches (n = 7), focus groups with youth (n = 14) and program observation data were triangulated to provide a description of the case. Results The major theme that emerged from the case study was the centrality of the near-peer mentorship relationships between coaches and youth. Participants believed near-peer relationships facilitated life skill development and increased opportunity for physical activity in schools, but pressures on coaches' time and external challenges in the community were limiting factors to the extent of program impact. Conclusion This community case study demonstrates the potential role for near-peer mentors in influencing the health and wellbeing of youth from under-resourced communities and highlights the opportunity for school-based SBYD programming to provide youth with a consistent source of both relational and physical activity support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine St. Pierre
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Win Guan
- Up2Us Sports, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Social Insights Research, LLC, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, United States
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Costa JA, Vale S, Cordovil R, Rodrigues LP, Cardoso V, Proença R, Costa M, Neto C, Brito J, Guilherme J, Seabra A. A school-based physical activity intervention in primary school: effects on physical activity, sleep, aerobic fitness, and motor competence. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1365782. [PMID: 38444436 PMCID: PMC10912631 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1365782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The "Super Quinas" project evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention program to improve physical activity, aerobic fitness, sleep, and motor competence on children in primary school. Methods The experimental group (n = 19) enrolled in a 12-week intervention program (one more extra-curricular activity class of 60 min per week) compared to the CG (n = 19), all aged 9-10 years. Physical activity (PA) and sleep were measured by accelerometry, and aerobic fitness was measured by Children's Yo-Yo test (YYIR1C) during the 1st week (PRE), the 6th week (DUR), and the 12th week (POST) of the intervention program. Motor Competence in PRE and POST intervention was also assessed by the Motor Competence Assessment (MCA) instrument. Heart rate (HR, assessed using HR monitors), and enjoyment level were recorded during all intervention program classes. A linear mixed model analysis (i.e., within-subject analyses) was performed. Results Comparing the EG and CG in DUR and POST, the EG spent ~18 min and ~ 34 min more time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day (p < 0.001); had ~44 min and ~ 203 min less sedentary time per day (p < 0.001); performed more 44 and 128 m in the Children's Yo-Yo test compared to CG (p < 0.001) and slept more 17 and 114 min per night (p < 0.001). In POST motor competence was significantly better (27%) in the EG compared to CG (p < 0.001). The %HRmax during the extra-curricular classes ranged between 65 and 81% (i.e., light to moderate intensities), and the enjoyment between fun and great fun. Conclusion Our findings suggest that adding one more extra-curricular activity class of 60 min per week for 12 weeks effectively increased the levels of physical activity, aerobic fitness, sleep duration, and motor competence in children aged 9-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio A. Costa
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Susana Vale
- Politécnico do Porto - Escola Superior de Educação, Porto, Portugal
- CIAFEL/ITR - Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Cordovil
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís P. Rodrigues
- Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, SPRINT, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Vasco Cardoso
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Manuel Costa
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carlos Neto
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José Guilherme
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Seabra
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, FPF, Oeiras, Portugal
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Murphy MH, O'Kane SM, Carlin A, Lahart IM, Doherty LC, Jago R, McDermott G, Faulkner M, Gallagher AM. Effectiveness of the Walking in ScHools (WISH) Study, a peer-led walking intervention for adolescent girls: results of a cluster randomised controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:19. [PMID: 38374037 PMCID: PMC10877798 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most adolescent girls fail to meet current physical activity guidelines. Physical activity behaviours track from childhood into adulthood and providing adolescent girls with opportunities to be physically active may have health benefits beyond childhood. The effects of walking interventions on adult cardiometabolic health are known, however less is understood about the potential of walking to promote physical activity in adolescents. Following the Walking In ScHools (WISH) feasibility study, this definitive trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel, low-cost, school-based walking intervention at increasing physical activity levels of adolescent girls (aged 12-14 years). METHODS Female pupils were recruited from eighteen schools across the border region of Ireland and in Northern Ireland. In intervention schools (n = 9), girls aged 15-18 years, were trained as walk leaders, and led the younger pupils in 10-15 min walks before school, at break and lunch recess. All walks took place in school grounds and pupils were encouraged to participate in as many walks as possible each week. The primary outcome measure was accelerometer determined total physical activity (counts per minutes, cpm). RESULTS In total, 589 pupils were recruited to the study. At baseline, pupils engaged in a median (interquartile range (IQR)) 35.7 (21.2) mins moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day and only 12% (n = 66) of participants met physical activity guidelines (60 min MVPA per day). The intervention was delivered for a mean (standard deviation (SD)) 19.9 ± 0.97 weeks. The mean post-intervention total physical activity for the intervention group was 676 cpm and 710 cpm in the control group. Post-intervention total physical activity did not statistically differ between groups when adjusted for age, body mass index z-scores and baseline physical activity (mean difference, -33.5, 95% CI = -21.2 to 88.1; p = 0.213). CONCLUSIONS 'Scaling-up' physical activity interventions is challenging and despite a promising feasibility study, the results of this fully powered trial suggest that in this context, the WISH intervention did not increase device measured physical activity. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, school environments have changed and although pupils enjoyed the programme, attendance at walks was low, indicating that there is a need to better understand how to implement interventions within schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN; ISRCTN12847782; Registered 2nd July 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie H Murphy
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1ED, UK
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PHARC), Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - S Maria O'Kane
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1ED, UK.
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Derry/Londonderry, BT48 7JL, UK.
| | - Angela Carlin
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1ED, UK
| | - Ian M Lahart
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, WS1 3BD, UK
| | - Leanne C Doherty
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1ED, UK
| | - Russell Jago
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PL, UK
| | - Gary McDermott
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, BT15 1ED, UK
| | - Maria Faulkner
- Sports Lab North West, Atlantic Technological University, Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - Alison M Gallagher
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
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Ronca F, Burgess PW, Savage P, Senaratne N, Watson E, Loosemore M. Decreasing Sedentary Time during Lessons Reduces Obesity in Primary School Children: The Active Movement Study. Obes Facts 2024; 17:243-254. [PMID: 38316112 PMCID: PMC11149966 DOI: 10.1159/000536665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION School-based exercise interventions targeted at reducing obesity are often successful in the short term, but they are resource-heavy and do not always lead to long-lasting behaviour changes. This study investigated the effect of reducing sedentary time, rather than increasing exercise, on physical activity (PA) behaviours and obesity in primary school children. METHODS Thirty UK state primary schools participated in this cluster-controlled intervention study (IDACI score = 0.15 ± 0.07, free school meals = 26 ± 9%). Twenty-six intervention and 4 control schools (intervention = 3,529, control = 308 children) completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) in terms 1 and 3. Three intervention and 3 control schools (intervention = 219, control = 152 children) also measured waist-to-height ratio (WTHR). The Active Movement Intervention is a school-based programme which integrates non-sedentary behaviours such as standing and walking in the classroom. Data were analysed via ANCOVAs and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS WTHR was reduced by 8% in the intervention group only (F(2, 285) = 11.387, p < 0.001), and sport participation increased by 10% in the intervention group only (F(1, 232) = 6.982, p = 0.008). Other PAQ-C measures increased significantly in the intervention group, but there was no group*time interaction. Changes in PAQ-C did not predict reductions in WTHR. Instead, the amount of change in WTHR was predicted by intervention group and by baseline WTHR of the pupil, where children with higher baseline WTHR showed greater reductions (F(2, 365) = 77.21, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.30). Socio-economic status (SES), age, or gender did not mediate any of the changes in the PAQ-C or WTHR. CONCLUSION Reducing sedentary behaviours during school time can be an effective obesity reduction strategy for primary school children who are overweight. The lack of demographic effects suggests that this method can be effective regardless of the school's SES, pupil age, or gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Ronca
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul W Burgess
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nipuna Senaratne
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Evelyn Watson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK,
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK,
| | - Mike Loosemore
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Active Movement, Wokingham, UK
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Beck F, Swelam BA, Dettweiler U, Krieger C, Reimers AK. Compensatory behavior of physical activity in adolescents - a qualitative analysis of the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:158. [PMID: 38212791 PMCID: PMC10785364 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compensatory behavior of physical activity (PA) based on the ActivityStat hypothesis in adolescents is scarcely investigated, and existing studies showed inconclusive results. Understanding the compensatory behavior in a holistic way is important as this can help to improve intervention outcomes and thus, increase the PA levels in adolescents. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the occurrence, direction, timeframe, and ratio of habitual activity compensation in adolescents. Furthermore, we want to identify the awareness of compensation and factors that influence compensatory behavior. METHODS The present qualitative study used a mixed methods crossover analysis design. Participants (N = 15, 8 boys and 7 girls) were adolescents aged 11-15 years (mean age 13.04 ± 1.28). They provided a habitual weekly schedule with habitual/regular activities and their intensity. Participants then kept an activity diary over one week to capture their actual behavior. After that, data were compared and deviations > ±20% were considered as compensation opportunities. On this basis, deviations were descriptively analyzed for compensatory behavior and were coded as positive and negative compensatory behavior. Further, for each compensation, the ratio of compensation (MET-minutes of the compensating activity/MET-minutes of the activity that was compensated) was calculated. Additionally, interviews were conducted to explore perceptions and influencing factors for (no) compensation. RESULTS Overall, 198 compensation opportunities were identified with deviations greater ± 20%. Of these, 109 opportunities were compensated overall (69 within-day, 40 between-day). Negative compensation took place in 57 opportunities and 52 opportunities were compensated positively. Most of the deviations were overcompensated (compensation/deviation > 100%). About half of the adolescents (N = 8) were not aware about their compensatory behavior, and only one boy was aware of all his compensatory behavior. The most mentioned influence for positive compensation were social support by friends and good weather. As influencing factors for negative compensation, tiredness as well as no need for movement were mentioned predominantly. No negative compensation occurred because adolescents wanted to stick to their routines or participated in hedonistic activities. DISCUSSION Summarizing the findings, the present study delivered new insights into the field of compensatory behavior in adolescents. Nevertheless, compensatory behavior was not consistently observed regarding the occurrence of compensation, direction, timeframe and ratio. However, social support appears to be an important factor to compensate positively or to avoid a negative compensatory behavior. Further, it seems to be helpful to support individuals in their search for hedonistic activities as well as in the establishment of routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Beck
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, 91058, Germany.
| | - Brittany Amel Swelam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125, Australia
| | - Ulrich Dettweiler
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Claus Krieger
- Department of Languages and Aesthetic Disciplines Education, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, 20148, Germany
| | - Anne Kerstin Reimers
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, 91058, Germany
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Aragoni da Silva J, Salmon J, Cordeiro Barbosa Filho V, da Silva Bandeira A, Dos Santos PC, Samara da Silva K. Psychosocial mediators and moderators of a school-based physical activity intervention among Brazilian adolescents. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:17-24. [PMID: 38466902 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2319455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
School-based interventions are needed due to the low levels of physical activity (PA) in adolescents. The aim is to examine the mediation effects of psychosocial factors (attitude, self-efficacy, social support from parents, friends, general teachers, and PE teachers, and environment school perception) and moderation by sex, school grade, and socioeconomic level of a school-based PA intervention on the PA practice among adolescents. The Movimente Programme is a randomised controlled trial at schools in southern Brazil (n = 921 adolescents). Strategies included teacher training, educational actions, and environmental changes. Adolescents self-reported their weekly PA. Potential psychosocial mediators and moderators were investigated through validated questionnaires in a Brazilian sample. The product of the coefficients with percentile bootstrapping 95% confidence interval was performed. The Movimente Programme was related to positive changes in adolescents' perception of the school environment and social support from general and physical education teachers. Most psychosocial variables (attitude, self-efficacy, social support from friends, and social support from teachers) were associated with PA, but none mediated the impact of the Movimente Programme on PA. Results varied according to sex and school grade. The Movimente Programme increased the adolescents' perception of the school environment and social support from teachers, but no mediators were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Aragoni da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Kelly Samara da Silva
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Gesek M, Fornal AD, Zarzycka D. Promoting Health in Pediatric Obesity: A Decade's Research of Physical Activity's Influence on Cardiometabolic Parameters. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940742. [PMID: 37771141 PMCID: PMC10546901 DOI: 10.12659/msm.940742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of childhood obesity highlights an urgent need to address its associated health complications. Cardiometabolic indicators, closely linked with obesity, can pose severe health risks, emphasizing the need for effective interventions. Among these, physical activity has shown many health benefits. However, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between physical activity and cardiometabolic indicators in obese children remains somewhat unclear. This integrative review aims to fill this knowledge gap by critically examining relevant research over the past decade, thereby providing insights into evidence-based strategies to improve health outcomes in this vulnerable population. We conducted an integrative literature review of articles published between 2012 and 2022, retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO. Our focus was limited to Polish and English-language research with full text availability. We deployed keywords such as "physical activity", "children", "cardiometabolic indicators" and "BMI" linked using Boolean operators "and" and "or". Methodological quality was independently assessed by two authors, and Rayyan software was utilized for review compilation. Out of the assessed articles, 55 met the inclusion criteria. The majority centered around programs and interventions targeting children, examining their impact on body composition, alterations in body fat content, waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels. Interventions focusing on increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior demonstrate positive effects on body composition, aerobic capacity, and select biochemical markers in children. This underscores the potential of physical activity as a valuable tool in managing obesity-related health risks among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gesek
- Department of Pediatric and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Integrated Nursing Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra D. Fornal
- Department of Pediatric and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Integrated Nursing Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Danuta Zarzycka
- Department of Pediatric and Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Integrated Nursing Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Brandes B, Sell L, Buck C, Busse H, Zeeb H, Brandes M. Use of a toolbox of tailored evidence-based interventions to improve children's physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in primary schools: results of the ACTIPROS cluster-randomized feasibility trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:99. [PMID: 37596651 PMCID: PMC10439638 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-based physical activity (PA) promotion is usually conducted by providing one specific intervention. In contrast, the ACTIvity PROmotion via Schools (ACTIPROS) toolbox provides a set of twelve evidence-based PA interventions serving different domains of the Health Promoting Schools framework that primary schools can select according to their requirements. In this study, we tested the feasibility of the toolbox approach in primary schools. METHODS A two-arm cluster-randomized feasibility trial at primary schools (n = 5 intervention schools [IS], n = 5 control schools) located in the Federal State of Bremen, Germany, was conducted. Children's habitual PA (GENEActiv, Activinsights Ltd.) and motor skills (Deutscher Motorik Test; DMT) were measured at the beginning (t0: Sept and Oct 2021) and at the end of the school year (t1: June and July 2022). Between Oct 2021 and July 2022, the ACTIPROS toolbox was implemented at IS. Teachers documented intervention choices and implementation within a short questionnaire (SIQ) at t1. RESULTS IS successfully implemented at least one intervention of the toolbox. In total, seven out of twelve possible interventions were selected. Two schools decided to replace an intervention with another during the trial. Results of the SIQ indicated that IS tended to choose similar interventions while implementation frequency was highly different. N = 429 students from two classes per school were recruited. The mean consent rate was 75.1% (n = 322). At t0 and t1, n = 304 (94.4%) and n = 256 (79.3%) of consented children took part in the DMT, respectively. The accelerometry sample included one class per participating school. At t0 and t1, n = 166 and n = 151 devices were handed out to students and n = 133 (80.1%) and n = 106 (70.2%) valid records could be retrieved, respectively. Linear mixed models showed an intervention effect of 15.5 min (95% CI: 4.5; 26.6) in children's daily MVPA at IS between t0 and t1 compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS All IS were able to implement at least one intervention from the toolbox, and unsuitable interventions were successfully replaced in a timely manner, highlighting the feasibility of implementing the ACTIPROS toolbox. Good consent rates for accelerometer and motor skills data were achieved. Results indicate a substantial increase in MVPA associated with the ACTIPROS toolbox and need to be tested in a larger sample. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00025840.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Brandes
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Louisa Sell
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Faculty 11 – Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christoph Buck
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Heide Busse
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Faculty 11 – Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mirko Brandes
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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11
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Alonso-Martínez AM, Legarra-Gorgoñon G, García-Alonso Y, Ramírez-Vélez R, Alonso-Martínez L, Erice-Echegaray B, Izquierdo M. Gamified family-based health exercise intervention to improve adherence to 24-h movement behaviors recommendations in children: "3, 2, 1 Move on Study". Trials 2023; 24:531. [PMID: 37580788 PMCID: PMC10426112 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07494-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that movement patterns, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep duration, throughout a 24-h period, have a significant impact on biological processes and health outcomes for both young and adult populations. However, 80% of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently active, and many children do not meet international physical activity recommendations for their age. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a 12-week gamified family-based health and exercise intervention on physical fitness, basic motor competencies, mental and behavioral health, and adherence to 24-h movement guidelines in children aged 4 to 5 years old. The study will evaluate changes in sedentary levels, physical fitness, basic motor competencies, mental and behavioral disorders, adherence to the exercise program, and compliance with physical activity recommendations. In addition, the aim of this protocol is to describe the scientific rationale in detail and to provide information about the study procedures. METHODS/DESIGN A total of 80 children, aged 4 to 5 years old, will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to one of two groups: the exercise group and the routine care group. The exercise group will undergo a 12-week exercise intervention, followed by a 12-week follow-up period. On the other hand, the routine care group will undergo a 12-week period of routine care, followed by a 12-week follow-up control period. The exercise program will be implemented in a family setting and facilitated through a gamified web platform with online supervision, with the hypothesis that it will have a positive impact on physical fitness, anthropometric measures, basic motor competencies, and adherence to 24-h movement guidelines. DISCUSSION The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the impact of a gamified, family-oriented health and exercise program on various aspects of health, including physical fitness, basic motor competencies, mental and behavioral well-being, and adherence to 24-h movement guidelines. The findings will contribute to closing the gap in current knowledge on the effectiveness of these types of interventions for children and their parents. These findings will also contribute to the development of future guidelines for promoting physical activity in children who do not meet the World Health Organization's recommended levels. An online "3, 2, 1 Move on Study" is believed to increase accessibility, promoting health equity, and reducing economic barriers for all children and their families across diverse social groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration: NCT05741879 . Registered February 14, 2023, Version 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Alonso-Martínez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Gaizka Legarra-Gorgoñon
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Yesenia García-Alonso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Alonso-Martínez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Blanca Erice-Echegaray
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Avenida de Barañain S/N 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Cankaya O, Rohatyn-Martin N, Leach J, Taylor K, Bulut O. Preschool Children's Loose Parts Play and the Relationship to Cognitive Development: A Review of the Literature. J Intell 2023; 11:151. [PMID: 37623534 PMCID: PMC10456023 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11080151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Play is an integrative process, and the skills acquired in it-overcoming impulses, behavior control, exploration and discovery, problem-solving, reasoning, drawing conclusions, and attention to processes and outcomes are foundational cognitive structures that drive learning and motivation. Loose parts play is a prominent form of play that many scholars and educators explicitly endorse for cognitive development (e.g., divergent thinking, problem-solving). It is unique among play types because children can combine different play types and natural or manufactured materials in one occurrence. While educators and policymakers promote the benefits of loose parts play, no previous research has explored the direct relationship between preschool-age children's indoor loose parts play experiences and cognitive development. We address this gap by bringing together the relevant literature and synthesizing the empirical studies on common play types with loose parts, namely object and exploratory, symbolic and pretend, and constructive play. We also focus on studies that examine children's experiences through loose parts, highlighting the impact of different play types on learning through the reinforcement of cognitive skills, such as executive function, cognitive self-regulation, reasoning, and problem-solving. By examining the existing literature and synthesizing empirical evidence, we aim to deepen our understanding of the relationship between children's play with loose parts and its impact on cognitive development. Ultimately, pointing out the gaps in the literature that would add to the body of knowledge surrounding the benefits of play for cognitive development and inform educators, policymakers, and researchers about the significance of incorporating loose parts play into early childhood education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Cankaya
- Department of Human Services and Early Learning, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada;
| | - Natalia Rohatyn-Martin
- Department of Human Services and Early Learning, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada;
| | - Jamie Leach
- Department of Child and Youth Study, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada;
| | - Keirsten Taylor
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada;
| | - Okan Bulut
- Centre for Research in Applied Measurement and Evaluation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
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AlMarzooqi MA, Alsukait RF, Aljuraiban GS, Alothman SA, AlAhmed R, Rakic S, Herbst CH, Al-Hazzaa HM, Alqahtani SA. Comprehensive assessment of physical activity policies and initiatives in Saudi Arabia 2016-2022. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1236287. [PMID: 37614443 PMCID: PMC10443594 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1236287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to review health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) policies and initiatives introduced in Saudi Arabia (SA) since 2016 and identify the gaps in their design and implementation. Methods A combination of methods was used, including semi-structured interviews with key informants from relevant entities (such as those from the ministries of health, education, sports, tourism, and other regulatory bodies) and a review of policy/initiative documents provided by them. Stakeholder mapping led by local experts and snowball sampling supported the identification of key informants. Three existing frameworks-the World Health Organization's HEPA Policy Audit Tool, the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (PA) Policy Inventory, and the European Monitoring Framework for PA Indicators-were used to develop data collection instruments. Results The review identified 44 policies/initiatives from different sectors. The Saudi Sports for All Federation is the leader in PA promotion and community sports development. However, there is a lack of multisectoral agenda and governance structures for PA promotion. The overlap between initiatives by different key informants results in duplication of efforts, including initiatives to promote PA among the general public led by competitive professional sports and community-based sports. Conclusion The study findings indicate that several policies/initiatives have been implemented in SA since 2016. However, there is a need to focus on the challenges or barriers that affect the sustainability of policies/initiatives. A system-based approach can help build on sectoral synergies, thereby accelerating progress in engaging the Saudi population with PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mezna A. AlMarzooqi
- Leaders Development Institute, Ministry of Sport, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem F. Alsukait
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- World Bank Group, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- World Bank Group, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Shaima A. Alothman
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem AlAhmed
- Liver Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Alqahtani
- Liver Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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14
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Nascimento Leite M, Kamper SJ, O'Connell NE, Michaleff ZA, Fisher E, Viana Silva P, Williams CM, Yamato TP. Physical activity and education about physical activity for chronic musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 7:CD013527. [PMID: 37439598 PMCID: PMC10339856 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013527.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is a major health and socioeconomic burden, which is prevalent in children and adolescents. Among the most widely used interventions in children and adolescents are physical activity (including exercises) and education about physical activity. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity, education about physical activity, or both, compared with usual care (including waiting-list, and minimal interventions, such as advice, relaxation classes, or social group meetings) or active medical care in children and adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PEDro, and LILACS from the date of their inception to October 2022. We also searched the reference lists of eligible papers, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared physical activity or education about physical activity, or both, with usual care (including waiting-list and minimal interventions) or active medical care, in children and adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently determined the eligibility of the included studies. Our primary outcomes were pain intensity, disability, and adverse events. Our secondary outcomes were depression, anxiety, fear avoidance, quality of life, physical activity level, and caregiver distress. We extracted data at postintervention assessment, and long-term follow-up. Two review authors independently assessed risk of bias for each study, using the RoB 1. We assessed the overall certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. We reported continuous outcomes as mean differences, and determined clinically important differences from the literature, or 10% of the scale. MAIN RESULTS We included four studies (243 participants with juvenile idiopathic arthritis). We judged all included studies to be at unclear risk of selection bias, performance bias, and detection bias, and at high risk of attrition bias. We downgraded the certainty of the evidence for each outcome to very low due to serious or very serious study limitations, inconsistency, and imprecision. Physical activity compared with usual care Physical activity may slightly reduce pain intensity (0 to 100 scale; 0 = no pain) compared with usual care at postintervention (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.82 to -0.08; 2 studies, 118 participants; recalculated as a mean difference (MD) -12.19, 95% CI -21.99 to -2.38; I² = 0%; very low-certainty evidence). Physical activity may slightly improve disability (0 to 3 scale; 0 = no disability) compared with usual care at postintervention assessment (MD -0.37, 95% CI -0.56 to -0.19; I² = 0%; 3 studies, 170 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We found no clear evidence of a difference in quality of life (QoL; 0 to 100 scale; lower scores = better QoL) between physical activity and usual care at postintervention assessment (SMD -0.46, 95% CI -1.27 to 0.35; 4 studies, 201 participants; very low-certainty evidence; recalculated as MD -6.30, 95% CI -18.23 to 5.64; I² = 91%). None of the included studies measured adverse events, depression, or anxiety for this comparison. Physical activity compared with active medical care We found no studies that could be analysed in this comparison. Education about physical activity compared with usual care or active medical care We found no studies that could be analysed in this comparison. Physical activity and education about physical activity compared with usual care or active medical care We found no studies that could be analysed in this comparison. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We are unable to confidently state whether interventions based on physical activity and education about physical activity are more effective than usual care for children and adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain. We found very low-certainty evidence that physical activity may reduce pain intensity and improve disability postintervention compared with usual care, for children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. We did not find any studies reporting educational interventions; it remains unknown how these interventions influence the outcomes in children and adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Treatment decisions should consider the current best evidence, the professional's experience, and the young person's preferences. Further randomised controlled trials in other common chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions, with high methodological quality, large sample size, and long-term follow-up are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nascimento Leite
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven J Kamper
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neil E O'Connell
- Department of Health Sciences, Centre for Health and Wellbeing Across the Lifecourse, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Zoe A Michaleff
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma Fisher
- Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Group, Pain Research Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | | | - Tiê P Yamato
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Manojlovic M, Roklicer R, Trivic T, Milic R, Maksimović N, Tabakov R, Sekulic D, Bianco A, Drid P. Effects of school-based physical activity interventions on physical fitness and cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents with disabilities: a systematic review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1180639. [PMID: 37362446 PMCID: PMC10289231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1180639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine the influence of school-based physical exercise programs on physical fitness and cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents with disabilities. Methods: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were thoroughly searched to identify relevant investigations. To be included in the systematic review, studies needed to fulfill the following inclusion criteria: 1) performed school-based physical exercise interventions; 2) parameters evaluated referred to health-related physical fitness (HRPF), skill-related physical fitness (SRPF), and cardiometabolic health; 3) a sample of participants consisted of children and adolescents with disabilities; 4) the mean age of respondents was less than 18 years; and 5) were written in the English language. Results: After searching the databases, a total of 474 studies have been identified, 18 of them met the eligibility criteria, and their outcomes were presented. Relating to the respondents' characteristics, the investigations involved 681 children and adolescents with disabilities, out of which 440 were male and 241 female. Regarding types of physical exercise interventions, the most commonly implemented were combined aerobic and resistance training, aerobic exercise, sports games, adapted high-intensity interval training, as well as sprint interval training. The obtained results unambiguously demonstrated that applied exercise interventions improved HRPF components such as cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and flexibility. In terms of the SRPF, agility, balance, coordination, and power were considerably enhanced following the school-based exercise. On the other hand, the influence on indices of body composition and cardiometabolic health is quite controversial. The majority of the available studies did not find favorable effects. Additionally, no adverse events were reported in 7 of 8 research, and adherence to exercise was approximately 92%. Conclusion: School-based physical exercise programs were very efficient in improving HRPF and SRPF in children and adolescents with disabilities, while the evidence concerning the variables of body composition and cardiometabolic health is inconclusive and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Manojlovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Roberto Roklicer
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Brixen-Bressanone, Italy
| | - Tatjana Trivic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Rade Milic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Maksimović
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roman Tabakov
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Ramires VV, Dos Santos PC, Barbosa Filho VC, Bandeira ADS, Marinho Tenório MC, de Camargo EM, Ravagnani FCDP, Sandreschi P, de Oliveira VJM, Hallal PC, Silva KS. Physical Education for Health Among School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Reviews. J Phys Act Health 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37156540 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical education (PE) classes in schools are considered relevant to implement interventions, especially focused on physical activity. However, evidence overviews on how PE classes contribute to general health (physical, social, affective, and cognitive domains) are still needed. Thus, we summarized evidence synthesis (eg, systematic reviews) that addressed the contribution of PE classes to the health of school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS We performed a scoping review with searches in 8 databases and institutional websites to find systematic reviews or meta-analyses that answered this review's research question. Data charting form included the identification of the study, health outcomes, and PE classes' strategies (policies and environment, curriculum, appropriate instructions, and evaluation). An interactive process was performed to build the evidence summary. RESULTS An initial search yielded 2264 titles, and 49 systematic reviews (including 11 with meta-analysis) were included in this review. Most documents reported the main benefits of PE classes on physical domain outcomes (eg, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and fundamental motor skills). However, evidence on the benefits of PE classes in affective (eg, enjoyment, motivation, and autonomy); social (eg, cooperation, problem-solving, and making friends); and cognitive (eg, memory, attention, concentration, and decision making) domains were found. Strategies on PE classes for health benefits were highlighted. CONCLUSIONS These elements were detailed in the evidence summary, which may be considered to guide researchers, teachers, and practitioners to define research and practice priorities on PE class interventions for health in the school context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgílio Viana Ramires
- Department of Physical Education, Federal Institute Sul-rio-grandense-IFSUL, Campus Pelotas, Pelotas, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Edina Maria de Camargo
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná-UFPR, Curitiba, PR,Brazil
| | - Fabrício Cesar de Paula Ravagnani
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul-Campus Campo Grande, Campo Grande, MS,Brazil
| | - Paula Sandreschi
- Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Brasília, DF,Brazil
| | - Victor José Machado de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM,Brazil
| | - Pedro Curi Hallal
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas-UFPEL, Pelotas, RS,Brazil
| | - Kelly Samara Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC,Brazil
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17
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Li Z, Liu Y, Han X, Zhou Z. Effects of running-based versus body-weight-based high-intensity interval training on physical fitness in healthy adolescents. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1060216. [PMID: 36969578 PMCID: PMC10036788 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1060216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: High-intensity interval training improves aerobic endurance, but the effectiveness of different training protocols is unclear. This study compared the effects of running-based high-intensity interval training (R-HIIT) and body weight-based high-intensity interval training (B-HIIT) on physical fitness in adolescents.Methods: This was a pre-and post-test quasi-experimental design in which a seventh-grade natural class was randomly selected from three homogeneous middle schools, and then the three natural classes were randomly divided into three groups: the R-HIIT group (n = 54), the B-HIIT group (n = 55), and the control group (Con, n = 57). Both intervention groups exercised twice a week for 12 weeks with a 2:1 (1 min:30 s) load-interval ratio and exercise intensity controlled at 70%–85% maximum heart rate. R-HIIT was in the form of running, and B-HIIT was in the form of resistance exercises using the participants’ body weight. The control group was instructed to continue their normal behavior. cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and endurance, and speed were measured before and after the intervention. Statistical differences between and within groups were determined using repeated measures analysis of variance.Results: Compared to the baseline, both the R-HIIT and B-HIIT intervention groups significantly improved CRF, muscle strength, and speed (p < 0.05). The B-HIIT group was significantly better than R-HIIT in improving CRF (4.48 mL/kg/min vs 3.34 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05), and only the B-HIIT improved sit-up muscle endurance (ηp2 = 0.30, p < 0.05).Conclusion: The B-HIIT protocol was significantly more effective than the R-HIIT protocol in developing CRF and improving muscle health indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Hebei Institute of International Business and Economics, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaowei Han
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- School of Physical Education and Coaching Science, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixiong Zhou,
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Deng A, Zarrett N, Sweeney AM, Moon J. The influence of social support, social affiliation and intrinsic motivation for increasing underserved youth's physical activity: A social climate-based intervention study. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:502-511. [PMID: 37322573 PMCID: PMC10529264 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2225020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of intrinsic motivation, social affiliation orientations and reciprocal social support for physical activity (PA) on underserved youths' afterschool period moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) changing trajectories across the 16-week Connect through PLAY intervention, a social-motivational climate intervention. A total of 113 youth (61.06% African American, 56.64% girls) provided full data. Youths' intrinsic motivation, social affiliation orientations and social support were measured by youth responses to a set of surveys at baseline and post-intervention. Youths' afterschool period MVPA was measured using data from 7-day ActiGraph accelerometer wear at baseline, midpoint and post-intervention. Hierarchical linear modelling analysis found that youth daily afterschool period (3pm-6pm) MVPA increased, on average, 37.94 min across the 16-week intervention. Increases in intrinsic motivation, social affiliation orientations and social support were positive predictors of youth afterschool MVPA changing trajectory. The findings clarify the contributions that a social-motivational climate intervention can have on youth afterschool period MVPA through increasing youth intrinsic motivation, social affiliation and reciprocal social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Deng
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nicole Zarrett
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Jongho Moon
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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19
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Li H, Cheong JPG, Hussain B. The Effect of a 12-Week Physical Functional Training-Based Physical Education Intervention on Students' Physical Fitness-A Quasi-Experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3926. [PMID: 36900937 PMCID: PMC10001550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Children have received much attention in recent years, as many studies have shown that their physical fitness level is on the decline. Physical education, as a compulsory curriculum, can play a monumental role in contributing to students' participation in physical activities and the enhancement of their physical fitness. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of a 12-week physical functional training intervention program on students' physical fitness. A total of 180 primary school students (7-12 years) were invited to participate in this study, 90 of whom participated in physical education classes that included 10 min of physical functional training, and the remaining 90 were in a control group that participated in traditional physical education classes. After 12 weeks, the 50-m sprint (F = 18.05, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.09), timed rope skipping (F = 27.87, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.14), agility T-test (F = 26.01, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.13), and standing long jump (F = 16.43, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.08) were all improved, but not the sit-and-reach (F = 0.70, p = 0.405). The results showed that physical education incorporating physical functional training can effectively promote some parameters of students' physical fitness, while at the same time providing a new and alternative idea for improving students' physical fitness in physical education.
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20
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Kingston Ú, Adamakis M, Lester D, Costa J. A Scoping Review on Quality Physical Education Programmes and Their Outcomes on Primary-Level Pupils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3575. [PMID: 36834274 PMCID: PMC9965463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A scoping review was carried out on the literature relating to the evaluation of the implementation of quality physical education (QPE) programmes and related outcomes on final-stage primary-level pupils' attitudes towards physical education (ATPE), physical activity behaviour (PAB), mental wellbeing (MWB) and academic achievement (AA). The scoping review included studies published between 2000 and 2020 in the PubMed, Elsevier, SCOPUS and CINAHL databases and was completed in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews' guidelines. Based on the inclusion criteria, 15 out of 2869 studies were included in the review. A thematic analysis was used to inductively and deductively analyse the studies for common themes of features of QPE programmes in primary schools, arising from nine different countries, considering the four outcome dimensions (ATPE, PAB, MWB and AA). The common themes identified as features of QPE across all four dimensions were as follows: (1) government leadership; (2) PE curriculum; (3) school principal and leaders; (4) organisational management from leadership in school; (5) teachers; (6) parental involvement; and (7) community partnerships. Based on these findings, recommendations were made for an evaluation framework on QPE in primary education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úna Kingston
- Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, School of Education, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - Manolis Adamakis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10556 Athens, Greece
| | - Diarmuid Lester
- Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, School of Education, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
| | - João Costa
- Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, School of Education, University College Cork, T12 CY82 Cork, Ireland
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21
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Schirmer T, Bailey A, Kerr N, Walton A, Ferrington L, Cecilio ME. Start small and let it build; a mixed-method evaluation of a school-based physical activity program, Kilometre Club. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:137. [PMID: 36658556 PMCID: PMC9850327 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the benefits of physical activity, there is minimal research focusing on factors that influence real-world school-based physical activity programs. Kilometre (KM) Club is an Australian grassroots program which aims to increase physical activity in students through the completion of an outside walk or run at school. This small-scale pilot evaluation aimed to examine families, teachers and principals' perceptions of the benefits, enablers and barriers of KM Club. It also aimed to examine the effects of KM Club on student's physical activity levels during the school day. METHODS Four regional New South Wales (NSW) primary schools participated in this study. 26 families, four teachers, and two principals from School A, C, B and D completed semi-structured interviews to understand their perceptions of KM Club. 21 students completed emotional state-scales to understand their emotions when participating in KM Club. 141 students from Schools B, C and D participated in step-count measures using accelerometers. RESULTS Families, teachers and principals reported a range of benefits such as improved social connectedness, wellbeing, home and classroom behaviours, participation in sport and fitness levels. Enablers consisted of champion engagement, incentives, versatile facilities and integration with other school activities. Identified barriers included the weather and environment, program timing and health issues. Most students reported that participating in KM Club made them feel proud, confident and fantastic. School B reported a significant increase in students' daily step counts on KM Club days compared to non-KM Club days (+ 15%; p = 0.001), while School C reported no significant changes (-5%; p = 0.26). School D reported a significant increase in the number of daily steps taken by KM Club participants compared with non-KM club participants (+ 10%; p = 0.024). CONCLUSION There is no one-size-fits-all approach to implementing school-based physical activity initiatives. However, it appears that flexible and adaptable factors are important to the successful implementation of school-based programs, such as KM Club. This study revealed a variety of self-reported health, wellbeing and educational benefits for students, as well as an increase in student's physical activity levels at 2 of the 3 schools participating in the quantitative data collection. This pilot evaluation may help to inform future design, implementation and scale-up of KM Club and school-based health promotion programs, potentially improving child health, wellbeing and educational outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION (LNR223 - LNR/19/NCC/45).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teisha Schirmer
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.
| | - Andrew Bailey
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Coffs Harbour, NSW Australia
| | - Nicola Kerr
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Coffs Harbour, NSW Australia
| | - Alison Walton
- Mid North Coast Local Health District, Coffs Harbour, NSW Australia
| | - Linda Ferrington
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Rural Clinical Campus, University of New South Wales, Port Macquarie, NSW Australia
| | - Michael E. Cecilio
- grid.416088.30000 0001 0753 1056New South Wales Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW Australia
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22
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Leone M, Levesque P, Bourget-Gaudreault S, Lemoyne J, Kalinova E, Comtois AS, Bui HT, Léger L, Frémont P, Allisse M. Secular trends of cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents over a 35-year period: Chronicle of a predicted foretold. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1056484. [PMID: 36699865 PMCID: PMC9869753 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1056484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the context of concerns regarding the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of youth populations, the aims of this study were: (1) to update reference values for the VO2max for school-aged Canadians and (2) to document secular trends in CRF after a 35-year interval. Methods Between September 2014 and April 2017, the CRF of 3725 students (53.2% boys; 6.0 to 17.9 yrs) was determined using the 20-m shuttle run test. The sample was collected in 36 different schools from six cities of Québec (Canada). Results Median values of VO2max decreased with age in both sexes (p ≤ 0.05). By the age of 10, more than 20% of boys showed VO2max values below the recommended value (42 ml·kg-1·min-1). At the age of 17, that proportion reached 56.8%. A similar proportion of 12 yrs girls (20%) were under the recommended minimal value (37 ml·kg-1·min-1) and that value reached 69.9% at the age of 17. Compared to 1982, the VO2max at age 17 has declined by 18% for boys and 12% for girls. The situation is worse in terms of functional capacity (number of stages completed) with an overall decrease of more than 30%. Conclusion This study demonstrates that, compared to data obtained using the same methodology 35 years ago, the CRF and functional capacity of children and adolescents has declined to levels that should raise concerns from a public health perspective. Thus, the development of strategies to promote a physically active lifestyle in youth is more relevant than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Leone
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada,Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Mario Leone ✉
| | - Patrick Levesque
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jean Lemoyne
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Emilia Kalinova
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Steve Comtois
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hung Tien Bui
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Léger
- School of Kinesiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Frémont
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Allisse
- Department of Kinanthropology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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23
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Cao Y, Zhu L, Chen Z, Zhanquan L, Xie W, Liang M. The effect of different intensity physical activity on cardiovascular metabolic health in obese children and adolescents: An isotemporal substitution model. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1041622. [PMID: 36875026 PMCID: PMC9975553 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1041622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study's purpose was to investigate the effects of different intensities of physical activity on cardiovascular metabolism in obese children and adolescents based on an isochronous replacement model. Methods: A total of 196 obese children and adolescents (mean age, 13.44 ± 1.71 years) who met the inclusion criteria and attended a summer camp from July 2019 to August 2021 were recruited for this study, and all subjects wore a GT3X + triaxial motion accelerometer uniformly around the waist to record physical activity levels. We collected the subjects' height, weight, and cardiovascular risk factors such as waist circumference, hip circumference, fasting lipids, blood pressure, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose before and after 4 weeks of camp and constructed cardiometabolic risk score (CMR-z). We analyzed the effects of different intensities of physical activity on cardiovascular metabolism in obese children using isotemporal substitution model (ISM). Results: After 4 weeks, cardiovascular risk factors such as body weight, waist circumference, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were reduced in adolescents with obesity (p <0.01), and CMR-z was also reduced (p <0.01). ISM analysis revealed that all sedentary behavior (SB) replacement with 10 min of light physical activity (LPA) reduced CMR-z [β = -0.10, 95% CI (-0.20, -0.01)]; 10-min of moderate physical activity (MPA) replacement of SB reduced CMR-z [β = -0.32, 95% CI (-0.63, -0.01)]; 10-min of vigorous physical activity (VPA) replacement of SB reduced CMR-z [β = -0.39, 95% CI (-0.66, -0.12)]. Conclusion: Replacement of SB with 10 min of LPA, MPA, and VPA were all effective in improving cardiovascular risk health, respectively, but MPA or VPA was more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxiang Cao
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Education Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zekai Chen
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhanquan
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Xie
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manna Liang
- Graduate Department of Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Whitsel LP, Ajenikoko F, Chase PJ, Johnson J, McSwain B, Phelps M, Radcliffe R, Faghy MA. Public policy for healthy living: How COVID-19 has changed the landscape. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 76:49-56. [PMID: 36690285 PMCID: PMC9852261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a transformational impact on public policy as governments played a leading role, working alongside and coordinating with business/industry, healthcare, public health, education, transportation, researchers, non-governmental organizations, philanthropy, and media/communications. This paper summarizes the impact of the pandemic on different areas of public policy affecting healthy living and cardiovascular health including prevention (i.e., nutrition, physical activity, air quality, tobacco use), risk factors for chronic disease (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, substance abuse), access to health care, care delivery and payment reform, telehealth and digital health, research, and employment policy. The paper underscores where public policy is evolving and where there are needs for future evidence base to inform policy development, and the intersections between the public and private sectors across the policy continuum. There is a continued need for global multi-sector coordination to optimize population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie P Whitsel
- American Heart Association, Washington, DC 20036, United States of America.
| | - Funke Ajenikoko
- American Heart Association, Washington, DC 20036, United States of America
| | - Paul J Chase
- American Heart Association, Washington, DC 20036, United States of America
| | - Janay Johnson
- American Heart Association, Washington, DC 20036, United States of America
| | - Brooke McSwain
- American Heart Association, Washington, DC 20036, United States of America
| | - Melanie Phelps
- American Heart Association, Washington, DC 20036, United States of America
| | - Reyna Radcliffe
- American Heart Association, Washington, DC 20036, United States of America
| | - Mark A Faghy
- Biomedical Research Theme, School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Deby, United Kingdom
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25
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Ben Othman R, Talbi E, Mizouri R, Ben Amor N, Gamoudi A, Lahmer I, Berriche O, Mahjoub F, Jamoussi H. Evaluation of anthropometric profile in obese children: risk factors & eating disorder. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2022.2103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- rym Ben Othman
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - emna Talbi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - ramla Mizouri
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - nadia Ben Amor
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - amel Gamoudi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - ines Lahmer
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - olfa Berriche
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - faten Mahjoub
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - henda Jamoussi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
- University of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
- National Institute of Nutrition of Tunis, Tunisia
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26
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Sun Y, Yu S, Wang A, Chan HCK, Ou AX, Zhang D, Xie Y, Fong SSM, Gao Y. Effectiveness of an adapted physical activity intervention on health-related physical fitness in adolescents with intellectual disability: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22583. [PMID: 36585423 PMCID: PMC9803657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of an adapted physical activity (APA) intervention on health-related physical fitness (HRPF) in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID). With a randomized controlled trial design, adolescents aged 12-18 years, with mild and moderate ID, and being overweight and obese were recruited and randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. The APA intervention consisted of overall moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercise, with a duration of 45 min/session, a frequency of 2 sessions/week, and lasting for 9 months. A negative control was involved, in which participants received no treatment. Changes in four fitness tests, including the 9-min run/walk, handgrip strength, 30-s sit-ups, and sit-and-reach tests, were assessed between the groups using general linear models. A total of 57 participants (39 in the intervention group and 18 in the control group) completed the study. Significant mean differences in changes in the 9-min run/walk test (413.6 m [95% CI 146.72 m, 680.41 m], p = 0.003) and the right-side sit-and-reach test (2.2 cm [95% CI 0.37 cm, 4.09 cm], p = 0.020) respectively were observed in the intervention group, compared to the control group. No significant between-group improvement was observed for the handgrip strength and the 30-s sit-ups tests. The APA intervention induced beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and potential beneficial effects on flexibility for adolescents with ID. However, no significant effects of this intervention on muscular strength and endurance were observed in this study. Future studies should consider involving effective exercises in interventions to improve muscular strength and endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyue Yu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aiwei Wang
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hardaway Chun-Kwan Chan
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China ,Scientific Conditioning Centre, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alison Xiaoting Ou
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dexing Zhang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaojie Xie
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shirley S. M. Fong
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Department of Health and Physical Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Gao
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China ,grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Beck F, Dettweiler U, Sturm DJ, Demetriou Y, Reimers AK. Compensation of overall physical activity in (pre)adolescent girls - the CReActivity project. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:244. [PMID: 36461030 PMCID: PMC9716764 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-01002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the ActivityStat hypothesis more physical activity (PA) in one timespan is compensated by increased sedentary time (ST) in the following timespan and vice versa to maintain an overall stable PA level. Until now, existing literature revealed inconsistent results regarding compensatory behaviour across children and adolescents. Thus, the aim of the present study is (1) to investigate whether ST in the morning is compensated by active behaviour in the afternoon and (2) whether ST during the week is compensated by active behaviour during the weekend in (pre)adolescent girls. Additionally, we aimed to differentiate between positive and negative compensatory behaviour and examine whether it is moderated by socioeconomic status (SES), age or weight status. METHODS The participants were 370 sixth grade school girls (mean age 11.6 years) from Munich that participated in the CReActivity study, a school based intervention study aiming to identify the mechanisms of behavioural changes in PA among girls. ST and PA were measured over seven consecutive days using accelerometery. Descriptive determination of compensatory behaviour, as well as Bayesian multivariate multilevel analysis were conducted with data clustered on the individual (ID), class and school level. RESULTS Descriptive analysis revealed rather constant compensatory behaviour of about 60% for after-school days and weekends over all observation points. However, regarding all girls, compensation was predominantly negative. Differentiated analysis indicated that all girls with low ST levels in the morning or on weekdays, compensated for this behaviour with lower PA levels in the afternoon or on weekends. Multilevel covariate analysis indicated great variability between the participants. Furthermore, differences in compensatory behaviour can also be seen on class and school levels. Interestingly, PA compensatory behaviour is not associated with age, weight status or SES. CONCLUSION Our findings could neither confirm nor reject the ActivityStat Hypothesis. Overall, due to the great variability across the girls, it seems that compensation depends on individual factors. In the future, to prevent negative compensation, school-based interventions that have the potential to provide opportunities to be physically active, should not neglect (pre)adolescents' leisure time behaviour. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS00015723 (date of registration: 2018/10/22 retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Beck
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstr. 123B, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dettweiler
- grid.18883.3a0000 0001 2299 9255 Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - David Joseph Sturm
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Yolanda Demetriou
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Kerstin Reimers
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstr. 123B, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Broadney MM, Belcher BR, Ghane N, Sheni R, Jayson MJ, Trenschel RW, Collins SM, Brychta RJ, Davis EK, Brady SM, Yang SB, Courville AB, Smith KP, Rosing DR, Chen KY, Yanovski JA. Effects of interrupting daily sedentary behavior on children's glucose metabolism: A 6-day randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1567-1578. [PMID: 36205036 PMCID: PMC9772039 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic disease risk in youth is influenced by sedentary behaviors. Acute in-lab studies show that, during a single day, interrupting a sedentary period with short bouts of physical activity improves glucometabolic outcomes. OBJECTIVE To determine if acutely improved glucose metabolism persists after multi-day interruptions of sitting with walking brief bouts. We hypothesized that children who underwent interrupting sitting on multiple days would demonstrate lower insulin area under the curve during an oral glucose tolerance test compared to uninterrupted sitting. METHODS Healthy, normoglycemic children (N = 109) ages 7-11 years were randomized to one of two conditions: Control (3 h of daily Uninterrupted Sitting) or Interrupted Sitting (3-min of moderate-intensity walking every 30 min for 3 h daily); with dietary intake controlled through provision of foodstuffs for the entire experiment. Participants attended six consecutive daily visits at a research ambulatory unit. The primary outcome was insulin area under the curve during the oral glucose tolerance test on day 6 during interrupted or uninterrupted sitting; secondary outcomes included glucose and c-peptide area under the curve, energy intake at a buffet meal on day 6, and free-living activity. RESULTS Among 93 children (42 uninterrupted sitting, 51 interrupted sitting), daily interrupted sitting resulted in 21% lower insulin (β = 0.102 CI:0.032-0.172, p = 0.005) and a 10% lower C-peptide (β = 0.043, CI:0.001-0.084, p = 0.045) area under the curve. Matsuda and Glucose Effectiveness Indices were also improved (p's < 0.05). There were no group differences in energy intake or expenditure. CONCLUSIONS Sustained behavioral change by interrupting sedentary behaviors is a promising intervention strategy for improving metabolic risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda M. Broadney
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA,Current address: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Britni R. Belcher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Bethesda, MD, USA,Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nejla Ghane
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Risha Sheni
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Jayson
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert W. Trenschel
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shavonne M. Collins
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J. Brychta
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elisabeth K. Davis
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheila M. Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shanna B. Yang
- Nutrition Department, Hatfield Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amber B. Courville
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA,Nutrition Department, Hatfield Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin P. Smith
- Nursing Department, Hatfield Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA,Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Douglas R. Rosing
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Kong Y. Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
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McLellan G, Arthur R, Donnelly S, Bakshi A, Fairclough SJ, Taylor SL, Buchan DS. Feasibility and Acceptability of a Classroom-Based Active Breaks Intervention for 8-12-Year-Old Children. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:813-824. [PMID: 34748469 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1923627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study explored the feasibility of conducting a classroom-based active breaks intervention on sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA) and attention in 8-12-year-old children. Methods: Eight schools were randomized on a 1:1 basis to the control or intervention. Teachers selected 10 cards detailing an activity break at random. Children then undertook each of the ten activity breaks for 30 s, three times per day for 6 weeks. School and participant recruitment, attrition rates, percentage of outcome measures collected, and acceptability were used to explore the feasibility of the study. Mixed effects models were undertaken to examine intervention effects upon measures of PA, SB and attention. Results: Two hundred and thirty-nine consent forms were issued and 153 were returned (64%). Of the 153 consents, 146 children (95%) were measured at baseline, and 117 participated in the follow-up measures (80%) 6 weeks later suggesting the intervention was acceptable for the participants. From teacher interviews, it was noted that the intervention was feasible to implement, and teachers observed positive classroom behavior changes in children. Inclusion rates for outcome measures ranged from 49% to 66%. Significant, intervention effects were observed for sitting time (B = -27.19; 95%CI: -36.84, -17.17), standing time (B = 23.51; 95%CI 14.1, 32.45) and the number of sit to stand transitions (B = 16.1; 95%CI 4.7, 26.79). Conclusion: Findings suggest that it was feasible and acceptable to implement an active breaks intervention within the classroom setting. Future work should consider the effectiveness of implementing this intervention across a full academic year.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosie Arthur
- The University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire Campus
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Arkesteyn A, Vancampfort D, Firth J, Van Damme T. Mental health outcomes of the Daily Mile in elementary school children: a single-arm pilot study. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 27:361-368. [PMID: 35748760 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-based physical activity (PA) programmes such as The Daily Mile (TDM) are widely promoted to address shortfalls in meeting PA recommendations. This study is the first to examine TDM (a daily one mile outdoor run/walk performed at a self-selected pace during school hours) on mental health, self-esteem and self-perceived competence of elementary schoolchildren. METHODS In total, 550 children (n = 289 boys, aged 5-13 years) were recruited from seven schools across Flanders. The Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were completed before, during and post-intervention. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine changes over time. Additional subgroup analyses of children with low scores on the SPPC (-1SD) were performed. RESULTS Only perceived global self-worth (SPPC) was significantly higher (p = .041) following TDM. However, in children with low baseline SPPC scores, significant increases with large effect sizes were found for global self-worth (p = <.001), scholastic competence (p = .001), social competence (p = .003), athletic competence (p = .002), physical appearance (p = <.001) and behavioural conduct (p = .003) following TDM. Moreover, significant reductions over time were reported by parents for total difficulties (p < .001), hyperactivity (p = .004), peer problems (p = .008) and emotional symptoms (p = <.001) and an increase in prosocial behaviour (p = .038) on the SDQ following TDM. However, no changes for conduct problems were observed (p = .143). CONCLUSIONS The study is the first to indicate that TDM potentially improves mental health, self-esteem and self-perceived competence in elementary schoolchildren, especially in those with a poor mental health status. Randomised controlled trials are now required to more definitively test these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Arkesteyn
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tine Van Damme
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
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Tanous DR, Ruedl G, Kirschner W, Drenowatz C, Craddock J, Rosemann T, Wirnitzer K. School health programs of physical education and/or diet among pupils of primary and secondary school levels I and II linked to body mass index: A systematic review protocol within the project From Science 2 School. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275012. [PMID: 36201567 PMCID: PMC9536596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common causes of death in Western countries today are preventable diseases mainly attributed to daily behavior. It has been well documented that genetics are influential but not the deciding factor for developing non-communicable diseases. Ideally, the public should be educated to perform methods of optimal health and wellbeing independently, meaning that individuals should be in control of their health without relying on others. As behavior is known to be consistent over time, good or poor health behavior will track from childhood into adulthood. Physical activity and diet are permanently linked to the individual's state of health, and when properly balanced, the effects on personal health summate, resulting in greater benefits from this dual-approach for public health. The objective is to highlight the different approaches (physical intervention, nutritional intervention, and dual-approach of diet and exercise) and identify effective interventions for sustainable body weight and healthy body mass index in school children. A systematic review will be conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The review will assess school-based diet and exercise interventions on children in primary and secondary school levels I and II. Overweight and obesity develop as a result of a prolonged imbalance in the energy balance model, with both physical activity and diet being influential in the fluctuation of body weight. A dual-approach including physical activity and diet could therefore be a very promising method to promote sustainable healthy body weight in school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick R. Tanous
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerhard Ruedl
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Kirschner
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Physical Education, University of Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Joel Craddock
- Sydney School of Education and Social Work, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Wirnitzer
- Department of Sport Science, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Innsbruck, Austria
- Health and Lifestyle Science Cluster Tirol, Subcluster Health/Medicine/Psychology, Tyrolean University Conference, Verbund West, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Center Medical Humanities, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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iEngage: A digital health education program designed to enhance physical activity in young adolescents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274644. [PMID: 36197890 PMCID: PMC9534399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
iEngage is a modular health education and behavioural change program designed to help adolescents increase moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The program is delivered through the iEngage app which integrates activity trackers data (Misfit Ray©) within 10 interactive learning modules. Key features include guidance to set goals, self-monitor and assess achievements, and experiential learning via the connected activity trackers which allows for continuous steps recording during the program. iEngage was implemented in two schools over 5 weeks with 10–12 years old adolescents (n = 57) and PA outcomes compared to control group (n = 26). Results show that adolescents successfully set goals and self-assessed achievements during the program, progressing toward higher physical activity (PA) levels as shown by the 30% increase in daily steps through the program (+ 2647 steps/day, P < .001) with boys increasing goals and achievements faster than girls. The consistency in days totalling at least 11,000 steps/day increased from 35% at the start to 48% at the end of the program. The increase in PA is confirmed through the assessment of MVPA during schooldays pre- and post- program via research grade wrist accelerometers in both iEngage and control participants. Contrasting with the control group, MVPA was increased in the week following the program (~+5 min/day, P = .023) in short bouts, particularly during lunch time, recess and after school. This study shows that a digital program integrating activity trackers data, health education, goals setting and self-monitoring of PA, helped young adolescents enhance PA goals, improve achievements and increase MVPA.
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Khudair M, Marcuzzi A, Ng K, Tempest GD, Bartoš F, Peric R, Maier M, Beccia F, Boccia S, Brandes M, Cardon G, Carlin A, Castagna C, Chaabene H, Chalkley A, Ciaccioni S, Cieślińska-Świder J, Čingienė V, Cortis C, Corvino C, de Geus EJ, Di Baldassarre A, Di Credico A, Drid P, Fernández Tarazaga RM, Gallè F, García Sánchez E, Gebremariam M, Ghinassi B, Goudas M, Hayes G, Honorio S, Izzicupo P, Jahre H, Jelsma J, Juric P, Kolovelonis A, Kongsvold A, Kouidi E, Mansergh F, Masanovic B, Mekonnen T, Mork PJ, Murphy M, O'Hara K, Torun AO, Palumbo F, Popovic S, Prieske O, Puharic Z, Ribeiro JC, Rumbold PLS, Sandu P, Sorić M, Stavnsbo M, Syrmpas I, van der Ploeg HP, Van Hoye A, Vilela S, Woods C, Wunsch K, Caprinica L, MacDonncha C, Ling FCM. DE-PASS Best Evidence Statement (BESt): modifiable determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents aged 5-19 years-a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059202. [PMID: 36127107 PMCID: PMC9490573 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity among children and adolescents remains insufficient, despite the substantial efforts made by researchers and policymakers. Identifying and furthering our understanding of potential modifiable determinants of physical activity behaviour (PAB) and sedentary behaviour (SB) is crucial for the development of interventions that promote a shift from SB to PAB. The current protocol details the process through which a series of systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses (MAs) will be conducted to produce a best-evidence statement (BESt) and inform policymakers. The overall aim is to identify modifiable determinants that are associated with changes in PAB and SB in children and adolescents (aged 5-19 years) and to quantify their effect on, or association with, PAB/SB. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A search will be performed in MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Web of Science, PsychINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials (CTs) that investigate the effect of interventions on PAB/SB and longitudinal studies that investigate the associations between modifiable determinants and PAB/SB at multiple time points will be sought. Risk of bias assessments will be performed using adapted versions of Cochrane's RoB V.2.0 and ROBINS-I tools for RCTs and CTs, respectively, and an adapted version of the National Institute of Health's tool for longitudinal studies. Data will be synthesised narratively and, where possible, MAs will be performed using frequentist and Bayesian statistics. Modifiable determinants will be discussed considering the settings in which they were investigated and the PAB/SB measurement methods used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical approval is needed as no primary data will be collected. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and academic conferences where possible. The BESt will also be shared with policy makers within the DE-PASS consortium in the first instance. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42021282874.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khudair
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Marcuzzi
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kwok Ng
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gavin Daniel Tempest
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - František Bartoš
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ratko Peric
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, OrthoSport Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Flavia Beccia
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Mirko Brandes
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angela Carlin
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Jordanstown Campus, UK
| | - Carolina Castagna
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Anna Chalkley
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simone Ciaccioni
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Joanna Cieślińska-Świder
- Department of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Vilma Čingienė
- Institute of Leadership and Strategic Management, Faculty of Public Governance and Business, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Cristina Cortis
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy
| | - Chiara Corvino
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Eco Jc de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Credico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples-Parthenope, Napoli, Italy
| | - Esther García Sánchez
- Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitarias de la Región de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mekdes Gebremariam
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marios Goudas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Grainne Hayes
- Department of Sport and Early Childhood Studies, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Moylish Campus, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Samuel Honorio
- Sports, Health and Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Pascal Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Gabriele d'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Henriette Jahre
- Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Judith Jelsma
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Juric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Athanasios Kolovelonis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Atle Kongsvold
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Evangelia Kouidi
- Laboratory of Sports Medicne, Department of Physical 95 Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fiona Mansergh
- Health and Wellbeing Programme, Department of Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bojan Masanovic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Montenegrin Sports Academy, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Teferi Mekonnen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul Jarle Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marie Murphy
- Doctoral College, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Kelly O'Hara
- Sport Science Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Ayse Ozbil Torun
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Federico Palumbo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Stevo Popovic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Western Balkan Sport Innovation Lab, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Olaf Prieske
- University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zrinka Puharic
- University of Applied Sciences Bjelovar, Bjelovar, Croatia
- Faculty of dental medicine and health, Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Penny Louise Sheena Rumbold
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Petru Sandu
- National Institute of Public Health in Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mette Stavnsbo
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Ioannis Syrmpas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Hidde P van der Ploeg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Van Hoye
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sofia Vilela
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Catherine Woods
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura Caprinica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Ciaran MacDonncha
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Fiona Chun Man Ling
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Hernandez ED, Guzman CA, Seron P. Interventions based on environmental determinants for nutritional and physical activity behaviours in Colombia: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060085. [PMID: 36123059 PMCID: PMC9486334 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify, systematically, the interventions based on environmental determinants to improve the nutritional and physical activity (PA) habits available in Colombia. DESIGN A scoping review was performed according to the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. STUDY SELECTION All studies about intervention programmes for PA and nutritional behaviours in Colombia were included. METHODS Searches in Medline/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scielo and Lilacs, using MeSH, Decs and Emtree terms, were performed up to August 2020. Additionally, a manual search was made in specialised national journals. An internet documentary search of the official websites on policies and programmes by departmental, district and municipal secretariats was also performed.Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts. Then, the full texts were reviewed to select documents to be included.Data management relevant information from selected documents and articles was extracted. A descriptive analysis was considered. RESULTS Sixty-seven documents and 70 published articles were found. The programmes were identified in 13 initiatives, 7 in the area of PA and 6 with a nutrition focus. They were on physical and social environmental modifications such as the 'muévete' ('get moving') programmes in Bogota, Quindio and Cartagena; a modification of 'ciclovía'; or bicycle path programmes as well as nutrition programmes in schools, universities and companies. CONCLUSION This scoping review identified national programmes and policies in Colombia in the area of nutrition and PA from the environmental perspective in different scenarios: from schools to workplaces and communities. The need to implement such programmes from public and private institutions is also noted, promoting the practice of PA and healthy eating in every scenario in the national territory. New research to determine the impact of these programmes is essential to get a glimpse of the effects of these programmes and the implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar D Hernandez
- Facultad de Medicina, Human Movement Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cristian Arvey Guzman
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
- Physical Therapy Department, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Pamela Seron
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación & CIGES, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Cao M, Tang Y, Zou Y. Integrating High-Intensity Interval Training into a School Setting Improve Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Activity in Children with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185436. [PMID: 36143083 PMCID: PMC9506281 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in children with obesity. A total of 40 students (11.0 ± 0.6 years; 20 boys) were randomized into an intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). The IG group performed a 12-week HIIT intervention with three sessions per week. Each session included 18 min of training (three sets of eight bouts of 15 s run at 100% maximal aerobic speed (MAS) separated by eight bouts of 15 s recovery run at 50% MAS) in PE class; the CG group were instructed to continue their normal behaviors. All subjects had indices of body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (%BF), fat free mass (FFM), VAT, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) measured at baseline and post-intervention. The cooperation of students was high, and all 40 students were included in the final analysis. A significant group−time interaction was determined in body composition (p < 0.05), with a significant decrease in BM (−3.4 ± 1.4 kg, p = 0.001; η2 = 0.63), BMI (−1.7 ± 0.5, p = 0.001; η2 = 0.58), %BF (−3.3 ± 1.4, p = 0.001; η2 = 0.54), and FM (−3.2 ± 1.4 kg, p = 0.001; η2 = 0.69), and VAT (−22.4 ± 9.8 cm2; p = 0.001; η2 = 0.61) in the IG. Furthermore, VO2max exhibited a significant increase in the IG (4.5 ± 1.6 mL/kg/min, p = 0.001; η2 = 0.84) and CG groups (1.7 ± 1.1 mL/kg/min, p = 0.001; η2 = 0.44). Integrating regular school-based HIIT sessions is a suitable method to improve body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical activity in students with obesity. Trial Registration: ChiCTR2100048737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cao
- Department of Physical Education, College of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yucheng Tang
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Pirrie M, Carson V, Dubin JA, Leatherdale ST. Do school characteristics, based on the Comprehensive School Health Framework, contribute to youth meeting national physical activity recommendations over time? Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2022; 42:408-419. [PMID: 36165767 PMCID: PMC9559192 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.42.9.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Canadian youth are insufficiently active, and schools may play a role in promoting student physical activity (PA). Based on the Comprehensive School Health (CSH) framework, this study examined whether school characteristics are associated with secondary school students meeting national PA recommendations over time. METHODS We used COMPASS survey data from 78 schools in Ontario and Alberta and 9870 Grade 9 and 10 students attending those schools. Students who provided two years of linked PA data (2013/14 and 2015/16) and gender were included. Multilevel analysis was conducted by gender, evaluating the relationship of school-level characteristics (guided by CSH) with students achieving all three PA recommendations after two years (≥ 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA, vigorous PA ≥ 3 days/week, strengthening activities ≥ 3 days/week). RESULTS More than half (56.9%) of students achieving the PA recommendations at baseline were no longer achieving them after two years, and just a quarter (25.6%) of students not achieving the recommendations at baseline achieved them after two years. School-level factors were significantly associated with students achieving the recommendations, but these factors differed by student strata (i.e. by gender and baseline PA status). Generally, student access to equipment, public health partnerships and staff time for health were associated with increased odds of achieving the PA recommendations for certain students. CONCLUSION Modifications to school characteristics within CSH may play a role in supporting students in achieving or continuing to achieve the PA recommendations after two years. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying dynamics of the observed relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Pirrie
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joel A Dubin
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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McQuinn S, Belton S, Staines A, Sweeney MR. Feasibility of a peer-led, after-school physical activity intervention for disadvantaged adolescent females during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from the Girls Active Project (GAP). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:194. [PMID: 36042503 PMCID: PMC9425823 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a critical need for interventions that can be feasibly implemented and are effective in successfully engaging adolescent females in physical activity (PA). A theory-based, peer-led, after-school PA intervention, the Girls Active Project (GAP), was codesigned with adolescent females. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing and evaluating the GAP programme. Setting One single-sex, female-only, designated disadvantaged postprimary school (students aged 12–18) in Dublin, Ireland. Methods Mixed methods were applied with multiple stakeholders over a 12-week trial (March to May 2021). A single-arm study design was used to examine intervention: reach, dose, fidelity, acceptability, compatibility and context. Feasibility of using proposed self-reported outcome measures (moderate-to-vigorous PA levels, self-rated health, life satisfaction, PA self-efficacy and PA enjoyment) was also explored. Due to school closure resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, the intervention was delivered both online and in person in the school setting. Results Eight exercise classes were peer delivered by project leaders (n = 6, students aged 15–17) to intervention recipients (students aged 13-14). Recruitment was low (n = 8, 10% of eligible students, mean age: 13.3 SD: 0.46), yet retention was high (n = 7/8, 88%). Attendance rates were satisfactory (68%), and the intervention was implemented with high fidelity (87%). Data completion rates suggested proposed self-reported outcome measures were deemed appropriate (≥ 95%), except for weight (50%) and height data (80%). Despite COVID-19 hindering intervention implementation, both quantitative and qualitative data suggested that stakeholders were satisfied and perceived the in-person delivered intervention to be compatible with the school setting. Recommended refinements included extending class duration, introducing different rewards, and boosting programme awareness. Conclusions Further thought must be given on how to increase recruitment. Overall, the in-person delivered after-school PA programme was well-received by stakeholders and shows promise as an intervention that can be feasibly implemented and evaluated. Suggested improvements to the GAP intervention programme are recommended, before continuing to a more robust evaluation. Trial registration 10.17605/OSF.IO/75HWJ (prospectively registered, date of registration: 9th December 2020) Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-022-01149-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara McQuinn
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Sarahjane Belton
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Anthony Staines
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mary Rose Sweeney
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Wolfenden L, McCrabb S, Barnes C, O'Brien KM, Ng KW, Nathan NK, Sutherland R, Hodder RK, Tzelepis F, Nolan E, Williams CM, Yoong SL. Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting diet, physical activity, obesity, tobacco or alcohol use. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 8:CD011677. [PMID: 36036664 PMCID: PMC9422950 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011677.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several school-based interventions are effective in improving child diet and physical activity, and preventing excessive weight gain, and tobacco or harmful alcohol use. However, schools are frequently unsuccessful in implementing such evidence-based interventions. OBJECTIVES 1. To evaluate the benefits and harms of strategies aiming to improve school implementation of interventions to address student diet, physical activity, tobacco or alcohol use, and obesity. 2. To evaluate the benefits and harms of strategies to improve intervention implementation on measures of student diet, physical activity, obesity, tobacco use or alcohol use; describe their cost or cost-effectiveness; and any harms of strategies on schools, school staff or students. SEARCH METHODS We used standard, extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search was between 1 September 2016 and 30 April 2021 to identify any relevant trials published since the last published review. SELECTION CRITERIA We defined 'Implementation' as the use of strategies to adopt and integrate evidence-based health interventions and to change practice patterns within specific settings. We included any trial (randomised controlled trial (RCT) or non-randomised controlled trial (non-RCT)) conducted at any scale, with a parallel control group that compared a strategy to implement policies or practices to address diet, physical activity, overweight or obesity, tobacco or alcohol use by students to 'no intervention', 'usual' practice or a different implementation strategy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Given the large number of outcomes reported, we selected and included the effects of a single outcome measure for each trial for the primary (implementation) and secondary (student health behaviour and obesity) outcomes using a decision hierarchy. Where possible, we calculated standardised mean differences (SMDs) to account for variable outcome measures with 95% confidence intervals (CI). For RCTs, we conducted meta-analyses of primary and secondary outcomes using a random-effects model, or in instances where there were between two and five studies, a fixed-effect model. The synthesis of the effects for non-randomised studies followed the 'Synthesis without meta-analysis' (SWiM) guidelines. MAIN RESULTS We included an additional 11 trials in this update bringing the total number of included studies in the review to 38. Of these, 22 were conducted in the USA. Twenty-six studies used RCT designs. Seventeen trials tested strategies to implement healthy eating, 12 physical activity and six a combination of risk factors. Just one trial sought to increase the implementation of interventions to delay initiation or reduce the consumption of alcohol. All trials used multiple implementation strategies, the most common being educational materials, educational outreach and educational meetings. The overall certainty of evidence was low and ranged from very low to moderate for secondary review outcomes. Pooled analyses of RCTs found, relative to a control, the use of implementation strategies may result in a large increase in the implementation of interventions in schools (SMD 1.04, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.34; 22 RCTs, 1917 participants; low-certainty evidence). For secondary outcomes we found, relative to control, the use of implementation strategies to support intervention implementation may result in a slight improvement on measures of student diet (SMD 0.08, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.15; 11 RCTs, 16,649 participants; low-certainty evidence) and physical activity (SMD 0.09, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.19; 9 RCTs, 16,389 participants; low-certainty evidence). The effects on obesity probably suggest little to no difference (SMD -0.02, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.02; 8 RCTs, 18,618 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The effects on tobacco use are very uncertain (SMD -0.03, 95% CIs -0.23 to 0.18; 3 RCTs, 3635 participants; very low-certainty evidence). One RCT assessed measures of student alcohol use and found strategies to support implementation may result in a slight increase in use (odds ratio 1.10, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.56; P = 0.60; 2105 participants). Few trials reported the economic evaluations of implementation strategies, the methods of which were heterogeneous and evidence graded as very uncertain. A lack of consistent terminology describing implementation strategies was an important limitation of the review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The use of implementation strategies may result in large increases in implementation of interventions, and slight improvements in measures of student diet, and physical activity. Further research is required to assess the impact of implementation strategies on such behavioural- and obesity-related outcomes, including on measures of alcohol use, where the findings of one trial suggest it may slightly increase student risk. Given the low certainty of the available evidence for most measures further research is required to guide efforts to facilitate the translation of evidence into practice in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Sam McCrabb
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Courtney Barnes
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate M O'Brien
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kwok W Ng
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensu, Finland
| | - Nicole K Nathan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca K Hodder
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
| | - Flora Tzelepis
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Nolan
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher M Williams
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
- Musculoskeletal Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sze Lin Yoong
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW, Australia
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Grady C, Ng K, Murtagh E, Woods C. Communicating Physical Activity with Adolescents: What works? A scoping review protocol. HRB Open Res 2022; 5:59. [DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13594.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Worldwide, adolescents are not meeting the minimum recommended physical activity (PA) guidelines to achieve health benefits. Awareness of the guidelines among adolescents is low, only 3.6% can report them correctly. The school is an ideal PA promotion setting, no other institute has the same reach or influence on the adolescent population. There is a need for an effective communication strategy for PA messages for adolescents. The purpose of this review is to explore how, when, who, where and what i.e. the content, context and mode of delivery of PA messages to communicate with adolescents to improve their awareness and understanding of PA that will potentially lead to an increase in PA levels. Methods: A scoping review was selected as the most appropriate methodology due to the broad nature of the research question. The PCC mnemonic (Population, concept, context), recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute, was used to develop the search strategy and research question. This review will follow the scoping review framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) which was later updated by Levac et al (2010) to ensure the methods are systematic. It will also follow the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews checklist. Sources include databases (CINAHL, Education Source, Scopus, PubMED), grey literature from the World Health Organisation, Global Index Medicus and the reference lists of extracted articles will be checked from the year 1995 onwards. Results: A PRISMA flow diagram will demonstrate the final articles included and results will be presented and summarised as recurring themes. The results will be discussed in relation to existing literature and future implications for research, policy and practice. Conclusion: This will be the first review to explore the PA messaging context among adolescents and the findings will help inform a strategy for communicating PA to adolescents.
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The Effect of a School-Based Intervention on Children’s Cycling Knowledge, Mode of Commuting and Perceived Barriers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159626. [PMID: 35954982 PMCID: PMC9367827 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The low rates of active commuting to/from school in Spain, especially by bike, and the wide range of cycling interventions in the literature show that this is a necessary research subject. The aims of this study were: (1) to assess the feasibility of a school-based cycling intervention program for adolescents, (2) to analyse the effectiveness of a school-based cycling intervention program on the rates of cycling and other forms of active commuting to/from school (ACS), and perceived barriers to active commuting in adolescents. A total of 122 adolescents from Granada, Jaén and Valencia (Spain) participated in the study. The cycling intervention group participated in a school-based intervention program to promote cycling to school during Physical Education (PE) sessions in order to analyse the changes in the dependent variables at baseline and follow up of the intervention. Wilcoxon, Signs and McNemar tests were undertaken. The association of the intervention program with commuting behaviour, and perceived barriers to commuting, were analysed by binary logistic regression. There were improvements in knowledge at follow-up and the cycling skill scores were medium-low. The rates of cycling to school and active commuting to/from school did not change, and only the “built environment (walk)” barrier increased in the cycling group at follow-up. School-based interventions may be feasibly effective tools to increase ACS behaviour, but it is necessary to implement a longer period and continue testing further school-based cycling interventions.
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Robertson D, Carins J, Rundle‐Thiele S, Harris J. Evaluation of Social Impact Within Primary School Health Promotion: A Systematic Review. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:739-764. [PMID: 35365879 PMCID: PMC9544285 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health promotion programs and interventions are designed to encourage behavioral changes in children, encouraging them to make safe and healthy life choices. This systematic review seeks to examine how social impact is measured in primary school health promotion interventions. METHOD A systematic search and review process was used to identify and examine primary school health promotion interventions. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to source articles from 6 electronic databases reporting school health promotion programs or interventions in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, or the United Kingdom. RESULTS A total of 77 studies were located, representing 55 health promotion interventions delivered in primary school settings. Of these interventions, only 8 (15%) measured or attempted to measure social impact, whereas another 8 (15%) alluded to social impact. The predominant theories reported were social based theories (theories which examine the social influences on people, environments, and behaviors) (n = 17, 59%), with almost a third not informed by an overt health promotion framework or model (n = 34, 59%). A systematic rating system identified some level of stakeholder engagement (n = 30, 53%). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review highlights the need for social impact measurement within health promotion to illuminate the role of school programs in delivering lasting change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Robertson
- Social Marketing @ GriffithDepartment of Marketing, Griffith University170 Kessels RoadNathanQLD4111Australia
| | - Julia Carins
- Social Marketing @ GriffithDepartment of Marketing, Griffith University170 Kessels RoadNathanQLD4111Australia
| | - Sharyn Rundle‐Thiele
- Social Marketing @ GriffithDepartment of Marketing, Griffith University170 Kessels RoadNathanQLD4111Australia
| | - Jessica Harris
- Social Marketing @ GriffithDepartment of Marketing, Griffith University170 Kessels RoadNathanQLD4111Australia
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Kasparian AM, Badawy SM. Utility of Fitbit devices among children and adolescents with chronic health conditions: a scoping review. Mhealth 2022; 8:26. [PMID: 35928511 PMCID: PMC9343978 DOI: 10.21037/mhealth-21-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While Fitbit® devices were initially intended for leisurely, consumer use, there has been recent interest among scientific and medical communities in the prospective use of Fitbit devices for clinical and research purposes. Those who have chronic health conditions are often required to spend considerable amounts of money and time undergoing physiological tests and activity monitoring to support, stabilize, and manage their health. This disease burden is only amplified in pediatric populations. Devices that are used to collect these data can be invasive, uncomfortable, and disconcerting. Using the Fitbit tracker to acquire such biometric data could ease this burden. Our scoping review seeks to summarize the research that has been conducted on the utilization of Fitbit devices in studies of children and adolescents with chronic health conditions and the feasibility, accuracy, and potential benefits of doing so. Methods Searches were conducted on PubMed for articles relating pediatric health to Fitbit device usage (using a Boolean search strategy). The eligibility criteria included trials being clinical and/or randomized controlled and articles being in English. Once articles were obtained, they underwent screening and exclusion processes and were charted for their titles, authors, objectives, results, and respective chronic illnesses. In the subsequent full-text review, further charting was conducted, collecting study designs, Fitbit parameters, feasibility, accuracy, and related health and clinical outcomes. Results Fitbit trackers were unanimously demonstrated to be feasible devices in this population for physical activity monitoring and were determined to be potentially beneficial in measuring and improving overall wellbeing and physical health in children with chronic illness. Nevertheless, sufficient evidence was not found in support of Fitbit accuracy. Additional biases were identified against the population of children with chronic health conditions that may further enable inaccurate data. Conclusions While Fitbit devices may be beneficial for those interested in improving physical health, discretion is advised for those seeking to collect accurate and/or medically necessitated data. Given the existing literature evaluated, medical-grade technologies are preferred in instances of the latter, as Fitbit devices have not been found to provide reliably accurate data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Kasparian
- Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sherif M. Badawy
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pana MP, Ayotte P, Anassour-Laouan-Sidi E, Suhas E, Gatti CMI, Lucas M. Branched-Chain and Aromatic Amino Acids in Relation to Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass Changes among Adolescents: A School-Based Intervention. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070589. [PMID: 35888714 PMCID: PMC9316312 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AAA) are considered early metabolic markers of obesity and insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to assess changes in plasma concentrations of BCAA/AAA and HOMA-IR2 (homeostasis model assessment of IR) after intervention-induced modifications in fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) among French Polynesian adolescents. FM, FFM, plasma levels of BCAA and AAA, HOMA-IR2 were recorded at baseline and post intervention among 226 adolescents during a 5-month school-based intervention on diet and physical activity. Participants were divided into two subgroups according to their college attendance status which determined their intervention adherence: externs/half-residents (n = 157) and residents (n = 69). Four ordinal categories of body composition changes post-intervention were created for the analysis (FMgain/FFMlost < FMgain/FFMgain < FMlost/FFMlost < FMlost/FFMgain). After 5 months, changes in BCAA (p−trend < 0.001) and AAA (p−trend = 0.007) concentrations were positively associated with ordinal categories of body composition. HOMA-IR2 significantly decreased with FMlost (−0.40; 95% CI, −0.60 to −0.20) and increased with FMgain (0.23; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.36). Our results suggest that FM loss is associated with a decrease in concentrations of obesity and IR metabolic markers which is more substantial when FM loss is accompanied with FFM gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnoudewa Priscille Pana
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.P.P.); (P.A.); (E.A.-L.-S.)
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.P.P.); (P.A.); (E.A.-L.-S.)
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec City, QC G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Elhadji Anassour-Laouan-Sidi
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.P.P.); (P.A.); (E.A.-L.-S.)
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut National de Santé Publique, Québec City, QC G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Edouard Suhas
- Non-Communicable Diseases Unit, Oceanian Islands Ecosystems, UMR 241, Louis Malardé Institute, Papeete 98714, French Polynesia;
| | - Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti
- Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé (ILM), UMR 241-EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, Université de Polynésie Française), Papeete 98713, French Polynesia;
| | - Michel Lucas
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.P.P.); (P.A.); (E.A.-L.-S.)
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 81976)
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Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity Levels and Patterns Vary in an Age- and Sex-Dependent Fashion among Finnish Children and Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116950. [PMID: 35682533 PMCID: PMC9180141 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to measure physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and hour-by-hour PA patterns with an accelerometer in a population-based sample of Finnish children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 3274 participants (3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th graders) from 176 schools wore a hip-worn triaxial accelerometer for seven days during waking hours. Mean amplitude deviation of the acceleration data was used to assess PA intensity that was converted to metabolic equivalents and categorized into light, moderate, and vigorous PA. Angle for posture estimation was used to measure SB and standing. Results: The majority of participants’ PA consisted of light PA, and they were sedentary for more than half of their waking hours. Children were more active than adolescents, and boys were more active than girls. Participants took, on average, 9890 steps daily, and one third met the PA recommendation. The participants were divided into tertiles based on daily steps to investigate the variation in PA patterns. Compared to the least active tertile, the most active tertile took twice as many steps on weekdays and nearly three times as many steps on the weekend. Conclusions: The majority of the participants were not active enough, and there was a great variation in PA levels and patterns, especially among the adolescents and on weekends.
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Bohnert AM, Nicholson LM, Mertz L, Bates CR, Gerstein DE. Green schoolyard renovations in low-income urban neighborhoods: Benefits to students, schools, and the surrounding community. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 69:463-473. [PMID: 34713911 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Green schoolyards may buffer against the effects of urbanization through increasing access to nature and its benefits. The present study was a community-academic partnership that examined the effects of green schoolyard renovations on utilization, physical activity (PA), and social interactions as well as perceptions of safety, neighborhood climate, and social cohesion among those living in low-income, urban neighborhoods. Utilizing behavioral mapping techniques and multi-informant surveys (i.e., caregivers, teachers, and community members), changes from pre- to postrenovation were assessed at two low-income, urban schools. Behavioral mapping results demonstrated increases in utilization and prosocial interactions among youth from pre- to postrenovation. Levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA also increased from pre- to postrenovation at one school. Survey data from community stakeholders revealed improvements in the perception of schoolyard safety and school-community relationships as well as reductions in bullying postrenovation. Green schoolyards may offer a safe space for children and adults to engage in social, outdoor activities, particularly in low-income, urban neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Bohnert
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura M Nicholson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laurel Mertz
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bates
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Health, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Dana E Gerstein
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Office of the President, University of California, Oakland, California, USA
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Influence of Sit-Stand Tables in Classrooms on Children's Sedentary Behavior and Teacher's Acceptance and Feasibility: A Mixed-Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116727. [PMID: 35682305 PMCID: PMC9180937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Children spend over 70% of their school day sitting, most of the time in the classroom. Even when meeting physical activity guidelines but sitting for long uninterrupted periods, children are at risk of poorer health outcomes. With an approach to create an active learning environment through the implementation of sit-stand tables, this exploratory mixed-methods study aims to evaluate a holistic concept for reducing sedentary time in schools by implementing sit-stand tables as well as to examine the feasibility and didactic usability in classroom settings. Children from eight German schools aged 7 to 10 in primary schools and 11 to 13 in secondary schools (n = 211), allocated into control and intervention groups, were included in the study, as well as teachers (n = 13). An accelerometer was used as a quantitative measure to assess sitting and standing times and sport motoric tests were taken. Qualitative interviews were performed with teachers regarding feasibility and acceptance of the sit-stand tables. Independent t-test analysis adjusted for age, sex and school type found that sitting times of children in the intervention group could be reduced (by 30.54 min per school day of 6 h, p < 0.001) within all school and age levels. Overall, implementing sit-stand tables in classrooms serves as a feasible and effective opportunity to reduce sedentary behaviour and create an active learning environment.
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Physical Activity and Food Environments in and around Schools: A Case Study in Regional North-West Tasmania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106238. [PMID: 35627775 PMCID: PMC9140536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the physical activity (PA) infrastructure in schools, the walkability of neighborhoods close to schools, and the food environments around schools, particularly in rural, socioeconomically challenged areas such as the North-West (NW) of Tasmania, could be important in the wider effort to improve the health of school-age children. Accordingly, this research aimed to assess PA resources, walkability, and food environments in and around schools in three socioeconomically disadvantaged, regional/rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Tasmania, Australia. A census of schools (including assessment of the PA infrastructure quality within school grounds), a walkability assessment, and a census of food outlets surrounding schools (through geospatial mapping) were executed. Most of the schools in the study region had access to an oval, basketball/volleyball/netball court, and free-standing exercise equipment. In all instances (i.e., regardless of school type), the quality of the available infrastructure was substantially higher than the number of incivilities observed. Most schools also had good (i.e., within the first four deciles) walkability. Numerous food outlets were within the walking zones of all schools in the study region, with an abundance of food outlets that predominantly sold processed unhealthy food.
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Design Process and Implementation of Teacher Training Modules in Movement Integration: What Have We Learnt? SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14095484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence shows that the current level of children’s physical activity (PA) is insufficient. Schools along with academic lessons can offer an effective avenue to increase children’s physical activity and decrease sedentary time. Teacher training in movement integration (MI) has been emphasized as an important strategy in facilitating less sedentary and more physically active lessons. The aim of this study was to explore the design process for developing a teacher training module for MI and its implementation within the comprehensive, school-based, physical activity program. Flexible co-creation methods with teachers were applied. Process evaluation was conducted through individual feedback surveys, observations in schools, evaluating the teacher’s MI mapping timetable, group feedback, and a follow-up study. The two-day module, a practical and flexible approach, ready-to-use resources, allocated time and autonomy for practice, communication with other teachers, and a whole school approach aligned with teachers’ needs are identified as key elements. A follow-up study after the training showed significant changes in teachers’ practices regarding the use of MI in the classroom. The study offers important insights into the design process and its successes and failures. The lessons learnt, a final model of designed seminars, and a toolbox of materials are presented.
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Wehner SK, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T, Bonnesen CT, Madsen KR, Jensen MP, Krølner RF. Peer mentors' role in school-based health promotion: qualitative findings from the Young & Active study. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:daab089. [PMID: 34339490 PMCID: PMC9067443 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peer-led interventions are highlighted as promising strategies to promote health among adolescents, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying this approach. To better understand the role of peer mentors (PMs) as implementers in school-based health promotion, we combined participant observations, focus group interviews and video recordings to explore high school students' reception of a peer-led intervention component (Young & Active). Young & Active aimed to increase well-being among first-year high school students (∼16 years of age) through the promotion of movement and sense of community and was implemented during the school year 2016-2017 in a larger school-based intervention study, the Healthy High School study in Denmark. The Healthy High School study was designed as a cluster-randomized controlled trial with 15 intervention schools and 15 control schools. At each intervention school, university students in Sports Science and Health (members of the research group) facilitated an innovation workshop aiming at inspiring all first-year students to initiate movement activities at schools. The findings illustrate potentials and challenges implied in the PM role. The peer mentors' profound commitment, as well as their response and sensibility to situational contingencies, were found to be significant for the students' reception and experience of the intervention. In conclusion, the specific job of PMs as implementers seems to consist of simultaneously following a manual and situationally adjusting in an emerging context balancing commitment and identification to the target group and the intervention project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Kjær Wehner
- Department of Health and social context, National
Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark,
Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Tine Tjørnhøj-Thomsen
- Department of Health and social context, National
Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark,
Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Camilla Thørring Bonnesen
- Department of Health and social context, National
Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark,
Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Katrine Rich Madsen
- Department of Health and social context, National
Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark,
Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Marie Pil Jensen
- Department of Health and social context, National
Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark,
Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rikke Fredenslund Krølner
- Department of Health and social context, National
Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark,
Studiestræde 6, 1455 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Burchartz A, Oriwol D, Kolb S, Schmidt SCE, von Haaren-Mack B, Niessner C, Woll A. Impact of weekdays versus weekend days on accelerometer measured physical behavior among children and adolescents: results from the MoMo study. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStructured activities, in which children participate for example at school, are consistent and limited in scope. After-school or weekend activities, by contrast, involve a wider range of behaviors. Studies have shown that physical activity (PA), as measured by accelerometers, is lower on weekends compared to weekdays or school days, whereas PA does not differ between weekdays. In the present study, we examined accelerometer data of children and adolescents living in Germany for the different weekdays and weekend days. The current analysis used cross-sectional data of participants (n = 2743) aged 6–17 years collected between 2014 and 2017. The final valid sample consisted of 2278 children and adolescents divided into three age groups (6–10 years, n = 713; 11–13 years, n = 706; 14–17 years, n = 859) and two gender groups (1072 boys, 1206 girls). Physical behavior, including sedentary behavior, as well as light, moderate, vigorous PA, and wear time were analyzed. Absolute and percentage intensity distributions were evaluated daily. The average wear time was 807 min daily from Monday–Thursday with significant deviations from the mean on Friday (+38 min), Saturday (−76 min), and Sunday (−141 min). Absolute moderate to vigorous PA times were lower on weekends than during the week. However, the percentage intensity distribution remained constant over all days. Girls were less physically active and more sedentary than boys (F1,2272 = 38.3; p < 0.01) and adolescents were significantly less active than younger children (F2,2272 = 138.6; p < 0.01). Waking times increased with age (F2,2272 = 138.6; p < 0.01). Shorter awake periods limit possible active times on weekends, resulting in lower PA and sedentary behavior compared to weekdays. The percentage distributions of the different physical behavior intensity categories are similar over all weekdays and weekend days. We could not find a justification for specific weekend interventions. Instead, interventions should generally try to shift activity away from sedentary behavior towards a more active lifestyle.
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