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O’Donnell R, Tigova O, Teodorowski P, Villarroel-Williams N, Shevchuk A, Nesterova O, Arabska Y, Ylli A, Qirjako G, Fernández E, Semple S. Supporting migrant groups to reduce tobacco-related harms and create smoke-free family environments: Future priorities and research gaps. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-105. [PMID: 38873182 PMCID: PMC11170976 DOI: 10.18332/tid/189356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel O’Donnell
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Olena Tigova
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Tobacco Control, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Piotr Teodorowski
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Nazmy Villarroel-Williams
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Anzhelika Shevchuk
- Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Nesterova
- Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuliia Arabska
- Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alban Ylli
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Gentiana Qirjako
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Esteve Fernández
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Tobacco Control, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sean Semple
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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Su X, Narayanan M, Shi X, Chen X, Li Z, Ma Y. Mitigating heavy metal accumulation in tobacco: Strategies, mechanisms, and global initiatives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172128. [PMID: 38565350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The threat of heavy metal (HM) pollution looms large over plant growth and human health, with tobacco emerging as a highly vulnerable plant due to its exceptional absorption capacity. The widespread cultivation of tobacco intensifies these concerns, posing increased risks to human health as HMs become more pervasive in tobacco-growing soils globally. The absorption of these metals not only impedes tobacco growth and quality but also amplifies health hazards through smoking. Implementing proactive strategies to minimize HM absorption in tobacco is of paramount importance. Various approaches, encompassing chemical immobilization, transgenic modification, agronomic adjustments, and microbial interventions, have proven effective in curbing HM accumulation and mitigating associated adverse effects. However, a comprehensive review elucidating these control strategies and their mechanisms remains notably absent. This paper seeks to fill this void by examining the deleterious effects of HM exposure on tobacco plants and human health through tobacco consumption. Additionally, it provides a thorough exploration of the mechanisms responsible for reducing HM content in tobacco. The review consolidates and synthesizes recent domestic and international initiatives aimed at mitigating HM content in tobacco, delivering a comprehensive overview of their current status, benefits, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering (SSE), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhenlun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Dominguez-Cancino KA, Martínez P, Nazif-Muñoz JI. Tobacco policies and changes in the tendency of smoking cessation in cigarette users in Chile: a longitudinal cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e085248. [PMID: 38729757 PMCID: PMC11097840 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of tobacco control regulations and policy implementation on smoking cessation tendencies in cigarette users born between 1982 and 1991 in Chile. DESIGN Longitudinal cross-sectional study. SETTING National level. PARTICIPANTS Data from the National Survey of Drug Consumption (Service of Prevention and Rehabilitation for Drug and Alcohol Consumption). A pseudo-cohort of smokers born between 1982 and 1991 (N=17 905) was tracked from 2002 to 2016. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES MEASURES Primary outcome was the tendency to cease smoking conceptualised as the report of using cigarettes 1 month or more ago relative to using cigarettes in the last 30 days. The main exposure variable was the Tobacco Policy Index-tracking tobacco policy changes over time. Logistic regression, controlling for various factors, was applied. RESULTS Models suggested a 14% increase in the smoking cessation tendency of individuals using cigarettes 1 month or more ago relative to those using cigarettes in the last 30 days (OR 1.14, CI 95% CI 1.10 to 1.19) for each point increment in the Tobacco Policy index. CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes to documenting a positive impact of the implementation of interventions considered in the MPOWER strategy in the progression of smoking cessation tendencies in smokers born between 1982 and 1991 in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Dominguez-Cancino
- Service sur les dépendances. Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
- School of Nursing, Universidad San Sebastian, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Martínez
- Service sur les dépendances. Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche charles Le Moyne, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - José Ignacio Nazif-Muñoz
- Service sur les dépendances. Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
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De Rubis G, Paudel KR, Yeung S, Mohamad S, Sudhakar S, Singh SK, Gupta G, Hansbro PM, Chellappan DK, Oliver BGG, Dua K. 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid-loaded polymeric nanoparticles attenuate cigarette smoke-induced markers of impaired antiviral response in vitro. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155295. [PMID: 38603841 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable mortality, and it is the major contributor to diseases such as COPD and lung cancer. Cigarette smoke compromises the pulmonary antiviral immune response, increasing susceptibility to viral infections. There is currently no therapy that specifically addresses the problem of impaired antiviral response in cigarette smokers and COPD patients, highlighting the necessity to develop novel treatment strategies. 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18-β-gly) is a phytoceutical derived from licorice with promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral activities whose clinical application is hampered by poor solubility. This study explores the therapeutic potential of an advanced drug delivery system encapsulating 18-β-gly in poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles in addressing the impaired antiviral immunity observed in smokers and COPD patients. Exposure of BCi-NS1.1 human bronchial epithelial cells to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) resulted in reduced expression of critical antiviral chemokines (IP-10, I-TAC, MIP-1α/1β), mimicking what happens in smokers and COPD patients. Treatment with 18-β-gly-PLGA nanoparticles partially restored the expression of these chemokines, demonstrating promising therapeutic impact. The nanoparticles increased IP-10, I-TAC, and MIP-1α/1β levels, exhibiting potential in attenuating the negative effects of cigarette smoke on the antiviral response. This study provides a novel approach to address the impaired antiviral immune response in vulnerable populations, offering a foundation for further investigations and potential therapeutic interventions. Further studies, including a comprehensive in vitro characterization and in vivo testing, are warranted to validate the therapeutic efficacy of 18-β-gly-PLGA nanoparticles in respiratory disorders associated with compromised antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Stewart Yeung
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Siddiq Mohamad
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Swathi Sudhakar
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
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Lin M, Hu L, Shen S, Liu J, Liu Y, Xu Y, Chen H, Sugimoto K, Li J, Kamitsukasa I, Hiwasa T, Wang H, Xu A. Atherosclerosis-related biomarker PABPC1 predicts pan-cancer events. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024; 9:108-125. [PMID: 37311641 PMCID: PMC11103157 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-002246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) and tumours are the leading causes of death worldwide and share common risk factors, detection methods and molecular markers. Therefore, searching for serum markers shared by AS and tumours is beneficial to the early diagnosis of patients. METHODS The sera of 23 patients with AS-related transient ischaemic attack were screened by serological identification of antigens through recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX), and cDNA clones were identified. Pathway function enrichment analysis was performed on cDNA clones to identify their biological pathways and determine whether they were related to AS or tumours. Subsequently, gene-gene and protein-protein interactions were performed and AS-associated markers would be discovered. The expression of AS biomarkers in human normal organs and pan-cancer tumour tissues were explored. Then, immune infiltration level and tumour mutation burden of various immune cells were evaluated. Survival curves analysis could show the expression of AS markers in pan-cancer. RESULTS AS-related sera were screened by SEREX, and 83 cDNA clones with high homology were obtained. Through functional enrichment analysis, it was found that their functions were closely related to AS and tumour functions. After multiple biological information interaction screening and the external cohort validating, poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1) was found to be a potential AS biomarker. To assess whether PABPC1 was related to pan-cancer, its expression in different tumour pathological stages and ages was screened. Since AS-associated proteins were closely related to cancer immune infiltration, we investigated and found that PABPC1 had the same role in pan-cancer. Finally, analysis of Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that high PABPC1 expression in pan-cancer was associated with high risk of death. CONCLUSIONS Through the findings of SEREX and bioinformatics pan-cancer analysis, we concluded that PABPC1 might serve as a potential biomarker for the prediction and diagnosis of AS and pan-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Lin
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liubing Hu
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute,Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Shen
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyue Liu
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute,Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixian Xu
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kazuo Sugimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute,Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ikuo Kamitsukasa
- Department of Neurology, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Chibaken Saiseikai Narashino Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hao Wang
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Anding Xu
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Ibrahim AE, Alamir SG, Al-Omairi M, Salman BI, Batakoushy HA, Hegazy MM, Al-Harrasi A. Tracking the Variations in Trace and Heavy Elements in Smoking Products Marketed in Oman and Egypt: Risk Assessment After Implementation of Constraining Protocols. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04182-9. [PMID: 38656680 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is becoming one of the major worldwide concerns regarding environmental pollution as well as health threats. In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the Framework Convention On Tobacco Control (FCTC), which outlined protocols for controlling tobacco products. Oman was one of the leading countries to follow these protocols; however, Egypt has only followed these protocols recently in 2020. One of the main challenges in tobacco product control is the variation in their trace element's types and amounts from country to country owing to differences in agriculture techniques and used chemical additives. Smoking releases different toxic metal ions found in them into the air, and hence, analyzing trace amounts of metals in tobacco smoking products is becoming more critical. The proposed research aims to evaluate the current levels of 11 heavy metals (namely, As, Pb, Cd, Co, Cr, Be, Ba, Mn, Ni, Fe, and Hg) in 22 tobacco products available in Egypt and Oman using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and a direct mercury analyzer. Although some elements such as Be, Co, and Cd were absent, the positive detection of As and Pb and the levels of Ba, Cr, and Ni are still alarming, especially for heavy smokers. The obtained results were then statistically related to previously published data in 2017 to explore the effectiveness of implementing the FCTC protocols within the Egyptian market. The outcomes suggested a positive impact of FCTC protocol implementation in Egypt, besides the lower levels of elemental content for Omani products compared to the Egyptian market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz , Nizwa, 616, Oman.
| | - Samy G Alamir
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz , Nizwa, 616, Oman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Al-Omairi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz , Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Hany A Batakoushy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, 11884, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Arish Branch, Arish, 45511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz , Nizwa, 616, Oman.
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Luo Z, He X, Lv H, Wang Q, Jia W, Zhao Y, Li X, Yu J, Hao H, Bao Y, Chen N, Li X. Changing profiles of the burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias attributable to smoking in the belt and road initiative countries: A secondary analysis of global burden of disease 2019. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27935. [PMID: 38515688 PMCID: PMC10955296 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was aimed at analyzing the burden and trend of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias attributed to smoking (SADD) in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries during 1990-2019. Methods Data from The 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study was used to extract information on the burden of SADD in terms of the numbers and age-standardized rate of mortality (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (ASDALR) in the BRI countries for 1990-2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to analyze the temporal trends of ASDALR from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade by Joinpoint regression analysis. Results The DALYs of SADD were the highest in China, India, and the Russian Federation in 1990 and in Lebanon, Montenegro and Bosnia, and Herzegovina in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the ASDALR in China had increased from 55.50/105 to 66.18/105, but decreased from 2010 to 2019, while that of India had declined from 32.84/105 to 29.35/105, but increased from 2010 to 2019. The ASDALR showed the fastest increase in the Russian Federation, with AAPC of 1.97% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.77%, 2.16%), and the fastest decline in Sri Lanka, with AAPC of -2.69% (95% CI: 2.79%, -2.59%). ASMR and ASDALR from SADD showed a substantial decline during 1990-2019 both globally and in the different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions (all P < 0.05, except for the high-middle-SDI region). Compared to the rates in males, the AAPC in ASDALR of females was significantly greater in 20 countries(all P < 0.05). In the age group of 20-54 years, the DALYs rate showed a decreasing trend only in 13 members in the low-SDI region (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Under the premise of eliminating the differences, mobilizing resources in the country itself, the BRI organization, and globally will help reduce the global SADD burden and achieve healthy and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 200316, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurology, Kaifeng 155 Hospital, Henan, 475003, China
| | - Huihui Lv
- Department of Neurology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Qizhe Wang
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenchang Jia
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongyu Hao
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun Bao
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaopan Li
- Department of Health Management Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Zhang S, Gao Z, Wu L, Zhong Y, Gao H, Tao FB, Wu X. Global patterns of asthma burden related to environmental risk factors during 1990-2019: an age-period-cohort analysis for global burden of disease study 2019. Environ Health 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38355550 PMCID: PMC10868053 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Change in asthma burden attributed to specific environmental risk factor has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the age, period, and cohort effects on asthma burden attributable to smoking and occupational asthmagens in different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions and the region and sex disparities. METHODS Risk factor-specific asthma deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates were extracted from Global Burden of Disease study 2019, estimated by standard Combined Cause of Death Model and DisMod-MR 2.1 modeling tool. Age-period-cohort analysis was conducted to decompose age, period, and cohort effects on asthma burden. RESULTS Smoking- and occupational asthmagens-related asthma deaths and DALYs rates dropped by > 45% during 1990-2019. In 2019, Africa, South and Southeast Asia had higher asthma burden than other regions. Male had higher asthma burden than female. Among nearly all age groups, low-middle SDI region had the highest smoking-related asthma burden, and low SDI region had the highest occupational asthmagens-related asthma burden. Inverse "V" shaped trend was observed in the above regions with increasing age. For smoking-related asthma deaths and DALYs rates, the most significant improvement of period rate ratio (RR) occurred in high SDI region, decreased from 1.67 (1.61, 1.74) to 0.34 (0.33, 0.36) and 1.61 (1.57, 1.66) to 0.59 (0.57, 0.61), respectively, as well as the cohort effect on smoking-related asthma burden. For occupational asthmagens-related asthma deaths and DALYs rates, the most sharply decrease of period and cohort RR appeared in the high and high-middle SDI regions. Low SDI region showed least progress in period and cohort RR of smoking- and occupational asthmagens-linked asthma burden. CONCLUSION Smoking- and occupational asthmagens-related asthma burden sharply decreases, but region and sex disparities exist. Policy makers from low SDI region should reinforce tobacco control and prioritize workplace protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Zongshi Gao
- The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiulong Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Qureshi M, Mumtaz M. Adult perceptions of cigarettes and e-cigarettes: A Pakistan focus group study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102619. [PMID: 38375170 PMCID: PMC10874858 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence suggests that the popularity of Reduced Risk Products' (RRPs) is growing globally, and they are being considered as effective aids for tobacco cessation. To explore different policy options for reducing disease burden, this qualitative study investigates the perceptions of the urban adult population regarding the use of e-cigarettes (EC), combustible cigarettes, or both, and the factors influencing their choices. Methods Twelve focus group discussions (FGDs), involving 132 participants, (68 male, 64 female), aged 18-60, were conducted from August to October 2022 in three metropolitan cities of Pakistan. Thematic analyses were conducted using the NVivo software. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research were employed for reporting and conducting purposes. Results The findings indicate that while all participants discussed the health risks associated with combustible cigarettes and EC and expressed intensions to quit, many continued to smoke or vape. Reasons cited included perceived stress relief, alleviation of medical issues, or addiction hindering cessation efforts. Among the youth, EC use gained popularity due to its social acceptability and the inclusion of appealing flavours and fragrances. Additionally, participants managed the higher costs of ECs by sharing and pooling expenses. Some users of combustible cigarettes transitioned to ECs with the expectation of achieving better health outcomes. Conclusion This study establishes a foundation for undertaking quantitative research to identify pathways for assisting policymakers in mitigating the growing disease burden. Additionally, it aims to contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals 3a and 3.4 for Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Qureshi
- QBAL, SMC (Single Member Company), Private, Limited, Pakistan
- Centre of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, University di Catania, Italy
| | - Mehwish Mumtaz
- QBAL, SMC (Single Member Company), Private, Limited, Pakistan
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Nemmar A, Beegam S, Yuvaraju P, Zaaba NE, Elzaki O, Yasin J, Adeghate E. Pathophysiologic effects of waterpipe (shisha) smoke inhalation on liver morphology and function in mice. Life Sci 2024; 336:122058. [PMID: 37659593 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The global prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing. Although the cardiorespiratory, renal, and reproductive effects of waterpipe smoking (WPS) are well-documented, there is limited knowledge regarding its adverse impact on the liver. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the effects and potential mechanisms of WPS inhalation for one or four weeks on the liver. MAIN METHODS Mice were exposed to WPS for 30 min per day, five days per week, while control mice were exposed to clean air. KEY FINDINGS Analysis using light microscopy revealed the infiltration of immune cells (neutrophils and lymphocytes) accompanied by vacuolar hepatic degeneration upon WPS inhalation. At the four-week timepoint, electron microscopy analysis demonstrated an increased number of mitochondria with a concomitant pinching-off of hepatocyte plasma membranes. WPS exposure led to a significant rise in the activities of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the bloodstream. Additionally, WPS inhalation elevated lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species levels and disrupted the levels of the antioxidant glutathione in liver tissue homogenates. The concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β, was significantly increased in the WPS-exposed group. Furthermore, WPS inhalation induced DNA damage and a significant increase in the levels of cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome C and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α along with alterations in the activity of mitochondrial complexes I, II, III and IV. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide evidence that WPS inhalation triggers changes in liver morphology, oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, apoptosis, and alterations in mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nur Elena Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ozaz Elzaki
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javed Yasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Pednekar MS, Sharma K, Narake S. MPOWER Measures and Its Effect on Tobacco Control: A Cross-sectional Comparison of Global Adult Tobacco Surveys, India. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2023; 29:E273-E283. [PMID: 37487477 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the MPOWER measures over time (GATS-1 vs GATS-2) and their effects on tobacco control indicators in India. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The study used a cross-sectional design to compare the common questions identified from GATS-1 and GATS-2. Odds ratios for various MPOWER measures were estimated using a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS Compared with GATS-1, the current any tobacco use was reduced by 32% in females and 17% in males in GATS-2 (M-measures). The P-measures have reduced across the survey periods. Under O-measures, compared with mixed users, only the male smokeless tobacco (SLT) users reported receiving more advice from a doctor to quit and reported trying more to stop SLT use. Compared with never users (W-measures), the health warnings were noticed on SLT products more by past users, smokers (males), and SLT users, while it was noticed on cigarette packages more by male past users and smokers. Promotion (E-measures) of cigarette and bidi was reported more by smokers (including mixed users), and promotion of SLT product was reported more by smokers (including mixed users) and male SLT users than by never users. CONCLUSION Overall, MPOWER measures have shown improvement, with most changes highly reported by the never users and past users than by the current tobacco users. Stringent methods for the enforcement of MPOWER measures to reach all forms of tobacco users and integration of the National Tobacco Control Programme with other national health programs are imperative for highest achievements. Also, specific targeted strategies for the effective control of SLT use are highly recommended to be included in the MPOWER package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh S Pednekar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Wood B, Lacy-Nichols J, Sacks G. Taking on the Corporate Determinants of Ill-health and Health Inequity: A Scoping Review of Actions to Address Excessive Corporate Power to Protect and Promote the Public's Health. Int J Health Policy Manag 2023; 12:7304. [PMID: 38618808 PMCID: PMC10590241 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many sectors of the economy, for-profit business corporations hold excessive power relative to some governments and civil society. These power imbalances have been recognised as important contributors to many pressing and complex societal challenges, including unhealthy diets, climate change, and widening socio-economic inequalities, and thus pose a major barrier to efforts to improve public health and health equity. In this paper, we reviewed potential actions for addressing excessive corporate power. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of diverse literature (using Scopus, Web of Science, HeinOnline, and EBSCO databases), along with expanded searches, to identify state and collective actions with the potential to address excessive corporate power. Actions were thematically classified into overarching strategic objectives, guided by Meagher's '3Ds' heuristic, which classifies actions to curb corporate power into three groups: dispersion, democratisation, and dissolution. Based on the actions identified, we proposed two additional strategic objectives: reform and democratise the global governance of corporations, and strengthen countervailing power structures. RESULTS We identified 178 documents that collectively cover a broad range of actions to address excessive corporate power. In total, 18 interrelated strategies were identified, along with several examples in which aspects of these strategies have been implemented. CONCLUSION The proposed framework sheds light on how a diverse set of strategies and actions that seek to address excessive corporate power can work synergistically to change the regulatory context in which corporations operate, so that broader societal goals, including health and equity, are given much greater prominence and consideration vis-à-vis powerful corporate interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wood
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Lacy-Nichols
- Centre for Health Policy, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Sacks
- Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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de Lacy-Vawdon C, Vandenberg B, Livingstone C. Power and Other Commercial Determinants of Health: An Empirical Study of the Australian Food, Alcohol, and Gambling Industries. Int J Health Policy Manag 2023; 12:7723. [PMID: 37579379 PMCID: PMC10461899 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial determinants of health (CDoH) represent a critical frame for exploring undue corporate and commercial influence over health. Power lenses are integral to understanding CDoH. Impacts of food, alcohol, and gambling industries are observable CDoH outcomes. This study aims to inform understanding of the systems and institutions of commercial and/or corporate forces working within the Australian food, alcohol, and gambling industries that influence health and well-being, including broader discourses materialised via these systems and institutions. METHODS Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with key-informants on Australian public policy processes. Interviewees were current and former politicians, political staff members, regulators and other public servants, industry representatives, lobbyists, journalists, and researchers with expertise and experience of the Australian food, alcohol, and/ or gambling industries. Interviews sought participants' perceptions of Australian food, alcohol, and gambling industries' similarities and differences, power and influence, relationships, and intervention opportunities and needs. RESULTS Strategies and tactics used by Australian food, alcohol and gambling industries are similar, and similar to those of the tobacco industry. They wield considerable soft (eg, persuasive, preference-shaping) and hard (eg, coercive, political, and legal/economic) power. Perceptions of this power differed considerably according to participants' backgrounds. Participants framed their understanding of necessary interventions using orthodox neoliberal discourses, including limiting the role of government, emphasising education, consumer freedom, and personal choice. CONCLUSION Food, alcohol, and gambling industries exercise powerful influences in Australian public policy processes, affecting population health and well-being. Per Wood and colleagues' framework, these manifest corporate, social, and ecological outcomes, and represent considerable instrumental, structural, and discursive power. We identify power as arising from discourse and material resources alike, along with relationships and complex industry networks. Addressing power is essential for reducing CDoH harms. Disrupting orthodox discourses and ideologies underpinning this should be a core focus of public health (PH) advocates and researchers alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra de Lacy-Vawdon
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian Vandenberg
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charles Livingstone
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Pitten L, Brüggmann D, Dröge J, Braun M, Groneberg DA. Impact of different ventilation conditions on tobacco smoke-associated particulate matter emissions in a car cabin using the TAPaC platform. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8216. [PMID: 37217504 PMCID: PMC10203320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite antagonizing attempts from the tobacco industry, passive inhalation of tobacco smoke is known to be cancerogenic and toxic to human health for decades. Nonetheless, millions of non-smoking adults and children are still victims of second-hand smoke. Accumulation of particulate matter (PM) in confined spaces such as the car are particularly harmful due to high concentrations. We here aimed to analyze the specific effects of ventilation conditions in the setting of a car. By the use of the measuring platform TAPaC (tobacco-associated particulate matter emissions inside a car cabin), 3R4F reference cigarettes, Marlboro red, and Marlboro gold were smoked in a car interior with a volume of 3.709 m3. Seven different ventilation conditions (C1-C7) were analyzed. Under C1, all windows were closed. Under C2-C7, the car ventilation was turned on power level 2/4 with the air directed towards the windshield. Only the passenger side window was opened, where an outer placed fan could create an airstream speed of 15.9-17.4 km/h at one meter distance to simulate a driving car. C2: Window 10 cm opened. C3: Window 10 cm opened with the fan turned on. C4: Window half-opened. C5: Window half-opened with the fan turned on. C6: Window fully opened. C7: Window fully opened with the fan turned on. Cigarettes were remotely smoked by an automatic environmental tobacco smoke emitter and a cigarette smoking device. Depending on the ventilation condition the cigarettes emitted different mean PM concentrations after 10 min under condition C1 (PM10: 1272-1697 µg/m3, PM2.5: 1253-1659 µg/m3, PM1: 964-1263 µg/m3) under C2, C4, and C6 (PM10: 68.7-196.2 µg/m3, PM2.5: 68.2-194.7 µg/m3, PM1: 66.1-183.8 µg/m3) C3, C5, and C7 (PM10: 73.7-139 µg/m3, PM2.5: 72-137.9 µg/m3, PM1:68.9-131.9 µg/m3). Vehicle ventilation is insufficient to protect passengers from toxic second-hand smoke completely. Brand-specific variations of tobacco ingredients and mixtures markedly influence PM emissions under ventilation conditions. The most efficient ventilation mode to reduce PM exposure was achieved by opening the passenger´s window 10 cm and turning the onboard ventilation on power level 2/4. In-vehicle smoking should be banned to preserve innocent risk groups (e.g., children) from harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pitten
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine, and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dörthe Brüggmann
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine, and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janis Dröge
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine, and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Braun
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine, and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine, and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Pichon-Riviere A, Bardach A, Rodríguez Cairoli F, Casarini A, Espinola N, Perelli L, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Llorente B, Pinto M, Saenz De Miera Juárez B, Villacres T, Peña Torres E, Amador N, Loza C, Castillo-Riquelme M, Roberti J, Augustovski F, Alcaraz A, Palacios A. Health, economic and social burden of tobacco in Latin America and the expected gains of fully implementing taxes, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments control measures: a modelling study. Tob Control 2023:tc-2022-057618. [PMID: 37142423 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the tobacco-attributable burden on disease, medical costs, productivity losses and informal caregiving; and to estimate the health and economic gains that can be achieved if the main tobacco control measures (raising taxes on tobacco, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments) are fully implemented in eight countries that encompass 80% of the Latin American population. DESIGN Markov probabilistic microsimulation economic model of the natural history, costs and quality of life associated with the main tobacco-related diseases. Model inputs and data on labour productivity, informal caregivers' burden and interventions' effectiveness were obtained through literature review, surveys, civil registrations, vital statistics and hospital databases. Epidemiological and economic data from January to October 2020 were used to populate the model. FINDINGS In these eight countries, smoking is responsible each year for 351 000 deaths, 2.25 million disease events, 12.2 million healthy years of life lost, US$22.8 billion in direct medical costs, US$16.2 billion in lost productivity and US$10.8 billion in caregiver costs. These economic losses represent 1.4% of countries' aggregated gross domestic products. The full implementation and enforcement of the four strategies: taxes, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments would avert 271 000, 78 000, 71 000 and 39 000 deaths, respectively, in the next 10 years, and result in US$63.8, US$12.3, US$11.4 and US$5.7 billions in economic gains, respectively, on top of the benefits being achieved today by the current level of implementation of these measures. CONCLUSIONS Smoking represents a substantial burden in Latin America. The full implementation of tobacco control measures could successfully avert deaths and disability, reduce healthcare spending and caregiver and productivity losses, likely resulting in large net economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Pichon-Riviere
- Department of Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics, IECS-Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CIESP, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Bardach
- Department of Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics, IECS-Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CIESP, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Rodríguez Cairoli
- Department of Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics, IECS-Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Casarini
- Department of Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics, IECS-Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Espinola
- Department of Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics, IECS-Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Perelli
- Department of Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics, IECS-Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu
- Departamento de Investigación sobre Tabaco, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Marcia Pinto
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Villacres
- Health Economics, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | | | | | - César Loza
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Federico Augustovski
- Department of Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics, IECS-Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Alcaraz
- Department of Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics, IECS-Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Palacios
- Department of Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics, IECS-Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Mengesha SD, Ross H. Response of legal and illegal cigarette prices to a tax increase in Ethiopia. Tob Control 2023:tc-2023-057931. [PMID: 37100452 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-057931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020, Ethiopia passed a landmark tax proclamation implementing an evidence-based mixed excise system aimed at curbing tobacco use. This study evaluates the impact of the tax increase of more than 600% on both legal and illegal cigarette prices in order to gauge the impact of the tax reform in the presence of a sizeable illicit cigarette market. METHODS Data on 1774 cigarette prices were obtained from retailers during Empty Cigarette Pack Surveys in the capital and major regional cities conducted in 2018 and 2022. Packs were categorised as 'legal' or 'illicit' using criteria from the tobacco control directives. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to study the cigarette price changes during the period of 2018-2022, capturing the impact of the 2020 tax increase. RESULT Prices of both legal and illegal cigarettes increased in response to the tax increase. In 2018, the stick prices ranged from ETB0.88 (Ethiopian birr) to ETB5.00 for legal cigarettes while they ranged from ETB0.75 to ETB3.25 for illegal ones. In 2022, a legal stick sold for ETB01.50-ETB2.73 and an illegal stick for ETB1.92-ETB8.00. The average real price of legal and illegal brands increased by 18% and 37%, respectively. The multivariate analysis confirms that prices of illicit cigarettes grew faster compared with the legal ones. By 2022, illicit brands were on average more expensive compared with their legal counterparts. This result is statistically significant at p<0.01. CONCLUSION The prices of both legal and illegal cigarettes increased following the 2020 tax increase, with the average real cigarette price increasing by 24%. As a result, the tax increase likely had a positive impact on public health despite a sizeable illicit cigarette market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisay Derso Mengesha
- Environmental Health and Noninfectious Disease Research Unit, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hana Ross
- School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Carvalho AM, Bertoni N, Coutinho C, Bastos FI, Fonseca VDM. Tobacco use by sexual and gender minorities: findings from a Brazilian national survey. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065738. [PMID: 37045563 PMCID: PMC10106026 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to identify the prevalence of use of tobacco products by sexual and gender minorities (SGM) in Brazil, the users' profile and associations between tobacco use and social and behavioural variables. METHODOLOGY The study used data from a representative nationwide household survey of the Brazilian population aged 12-65 years-the first one to address the issue of sexual orientation/gender identity. The study sample consisted of 15 801 individuals. Social and behavioural characteristics and the use of tobacco products were compared according to sexual orientation/gender identity. A multivariate logistic model was constructed to assess the association between tobacco use and sexual orientation/gender identity, as well as models stratified by SGM and non-SGM. RESULTS Prevalence of any tobacco product use was 44.7% among SGM and 17.0% among non-SGM. Water pipe use was ~8 times higher for SGM than for non-SGM (13.5% vs 1.6%). SGM tobacco users were younger and had more schooling than non-SGM tobacco users. After adjusting for social and behavioural variables, the multivariate model showed that SGM were 150% more likely to use tobacco products than non-SGM (adjusted OR 2.52; 95% CI 1.61 to 3.95). In the model for SGM, schooling, alcohol consumption, illicit drug consumption, violence and anxiety/depression were significantly associated with tobacco use. CONCLUSION Prevalence of tobacco use among SGM was higher than among non-SGM, and the profile of tobacco users differed between them. It is urgent to monitor health issues in SGM in Brazil and to adopt tobacco control strategies for this group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neilane Bertoni
- Division of Population Research, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Coutinho
- Getúlio Vargas Foundation School of Business Administration of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Metcalf O, Roebuck G, Lawrence-Wood E, Sadler N, Baur J, Van Hooff M, Forbes D, O'Donnell M, Hodson S, Benassi H, Varker T, Battersby M, McFarlane AC, Cowlishaw S. Gambling problems predict suicidality in recently transitioned military veterans. Aust N Z J Public Health 2023:100038. [PMID: 37055278 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated associations between gambling problems and suicidality in Australian veterans. METHODS Data drawn from n = 3,511 Australian Defence Force veterans who had recently transitioned to civilian life. Gambling problems were assessed using the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and suicidal ideation and behaviour were assessed using items adapted from the National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. RESULTS At-risk gambling and problem gambling were associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation [at-risk gambling: odds ratio (OR), 1.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47‒2.53; problem gambling: OR, 2.75; 95% CI 1.86‒4.06] and suicide planning or attempts (at-risk gambling: OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.39‒3.06; problem gambling: OR 4.22, 95% CI, 2.61‒6.81). The association with total scores on the PGSI and any suicidality was substantially reduced and became non-significant when controlling for the effects of depressive symptoms, but not financial hardship or social support. CONCLUSIONS Gambling problems and harms are important risk factors for suicide in veterans, and should be recognised in veteran-specific suicide prevention policies and programs, along with co-occurring mental health problems. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH A comprehensive public health approach to reducing gambling harm should feature in suicide prevention efforts in veteran and military populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Metcalf
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne.
| | - Greg Roebuck
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellie Lawrence-Wood
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne
| | - Nicole Sadler
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne
| | - Jenelle Baur
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne
| | - Miranda Van Hooff
- Military and Emergency Services Health Australia, The Hospital Research Foundation, Adelaide
| | - David Forbes
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne
| | - Meaghan O'Donnell
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne
| | - Stephanie Hodson
- Open Arms - Veteran & Families Counselling, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Canberra
| | - Helen Benassi
- Joint Health Command, Joint Capabilities Group, Australian Department of Defence
| | - Tracey Varker
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne
| | - Malcolm Battersby
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide
| | - Alexander C McFarlane
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne
| | - Sean Cowlishaw
- Phoenix Australia - Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Bakhtiari Aliabad M, Masoudi-Asl I, Abolhallaje M, Jafari M. Building a House on Sand: How Tobacco Use Is Devouring Resources. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2023; 15:128-135. [PMID: 37560397 PMCID: PMC10408758 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2023.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, with a considerable economic burden. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on the economic burden of tobacco use by searching national and international databases so as to generate useful information about the costs of tobacco use globally. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, ProQuest, and Web of Science (ISI) databases to identify relevant studies from 1990 to June 2021 using keywords like burden, productivity, indirect cost, direct cost, economic, monetary, expenditure, tobacco, smoking, and cigarettes. Cost estimates were converted into 2020 international dollars per adult. FINDINGS A total of 1,781 articles were identified, of which 361 were deemed to be eligible for inclusion. Eventually, 23 articles were found eligible. In most studies, cost estimates were provided using a prevalence-based approach. The highest total cost, as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), was reported for South Korea (1.19%). Noteworthy, in all studies, indirect costs accounted for the highest proportion of all costs. The mean total cost amounted to 5,866 million dollars. The direct costs ranged from 179 million dollars in South Korea to 8,156 million dollars in Israel. Meanwhile, the indirect costs ranged from 289 million dollars in Hong Kong to 9,808 million dollars in India. CONCLUSION The evidence demonstrated the considerable economic burden of tobacco use in various countries, ranging from 0.33 to 1.19% of the GDP of the investigated countries, indicating the necessity of taking immediate measures. Hence, policies are needed to address the economic burden of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bakhtiari Aliabad
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iravan Masoudi-Asl
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Abolhallaje
- Ministry of Health and Medical Education, National Center for Strategic Research in Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jafari
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Zhai C, Hu D, Yu G, Hu W, Zong Q, Yan Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang T, Sun H, Cai L, Cui L, Wang F, Zou Y. Global, regional, and national deaths, disability-adjusted life years, years lived with disability, and years of life lost for the global disease burden attributable to second-hand smoke, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160677. [PMID: 36481152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke-free policies have led to a decline in smoking prevalence. Nevertheless, as the global population grows, more non-smokers are exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) hazards. Mitigating SHS hazards requires a systematic analysis of the global disease burden attributable to SHS. METHODS Data on SHS was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. First, we measured the disease burden of SHS by the number of cases and age-standardized rates of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) from 1990 to 2019. Second, trends in the disease burden of SHS in different periods were estimated based on the annual percentage change (APC) by joinpoint regression analysis. Finally, using histogram plots, world maps, Pearson correlation analysis, and population attributable fraction (PAF), we conducted a stratified analysis of SHS exposure by sex, age, geographic location, sociodemographic index (SDI) level, and disease. RESULTS The number of deaths caused by SHS remained stable between 1990 and 2019, and the number of YLDs more than doubled in three decades. In contrast, the number of DALYs and YLLs caused by SHS decreased. The declining trend in deaths (APC = -1.42 % [95 % UI -1.79 %, -1.05 %]), DALYs (APC = -1.91 % [95 % UI -2.15 %, -1.67 %]), and YLLs (APC = -1.28 % [95 % UI -1.93 %, -0.64 %]) had slowed down in recent years, while SHS-related YLDs were still increasing (APC = 1.84 % [95 % UI 0.74 %, 2.96 %]). From 2010 to 2019, we found that SHS exposure increased the risk of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (PAF increased by 11.75 %), breast cancer (PAF increased by 5.36 %), diabetes mellitus (PAF increased by 8.24 %), and ischemic heart disease (PAF increased by 4.46 %). In addition, the disease burden caused by SHS was highest in middle SDI and low-middle SDI countries. CONCLUSION The global disease burden attributable to SHS is still severe, and policymakers need to implement more effective measures to reduce the harm of SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dingtao Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wanqin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiqun Zong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ziye Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liangyu Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanfeng Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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21
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Tobacco Control Policies to Reduce Tobacco Use. Respir Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24914-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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22
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Nemati S, Naji P, Abdi S, Lotfi F, Saeedi E, Mehravar SA, Fattahi P, Sheikh M, Vand Rajabpour M, Eftekharzadeh A, Zendehdel K. National and Regional Fraction of Cancer Incidence and Death Attributable to Current Tobacco and Water-Pipe Smoking in the Eastern Mediterranean Countries in 2020. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:12-18. [PMID: 35895382 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to calculate the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of cancers due to tobacco use in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO), where water-pipe smoking is prevalent but its effect was not considered in previous studies. AIMS AND METHODS We applied Levin's formula to estimate PAFs of cancers due to tobacco use (defined as all type tobacco including both cigarette and water-pipe). We also calculated PAF of water-pipe smoking separately. Exposure prevalence data were retrieved from representative national and subnational surveys. Data on cancer incidence and death were also and cancer cases were obtained GLOBOCAN 2020. We also obtained associated relative risks from published meta-analyses. RESULTS Of the total 715 658 incident adult cancer cases that were reported in 2020 in EMRO, 14.6% (n = 104 800) was attributable to tobacco smoking (26.9% [n = 92 753]) in men versus 3.3% (n = 12 048) in women. Further, 1.0% of incident adult cancers were attributable to current water-pipe use (n = 6825) (1.7% [n = 5568]) in men versus 0.4% (n = 1257 in women). CONCLUSIONS PAFs of cancers due to tobacco smoking in EMRO were higher in our study than previous reports. This could be due to the neglected role of water-pipe in previous studies that is a common tobacco smoking method in EMRO. The proportion of cancers attributable to water-pipe smoking in EMRO might be underestimated due to lack of research on the risk of cancers associated with water-pipe smoking and also less developed cancer registries in EMRO. IMPLICATIONS In this study, we found higher PAFs for cancers due to tobacco smoking in the Eastern Mediterranean (EMR) region than previous reports. This difference could be due to ignoring the role of water-pipe smoking in previous studies. In 2020, 1% of incident cancers and 1.3% of cancer-related deaths in EMRO were attributable to water-pipe smoking. We also found a big difference in PAFs of cancers due to tobacco and water-pipe smoking across EMRO countries, with Tunisia, Lebanon, and Jordan having the highest, and Djibouti, Sudan, and Somalia having the lowest proportions of cancers attributable to tobacco and water-pipe smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Nemati
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Naji
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Abdi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshte Lotfi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Saeedi
- Biostatistics Groups, Health Sciences Department, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sepideh A Mehravar
- Surgical oncology department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedram Fattahi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sheikh
- Genomic Epidemiology Department, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Genomic Epidemiology Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Mojtaba Vand Rajabpour
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anita Eftekharzadeh
- Obesity research department, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute of Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Fernández E, Peruga A. Tobacco control in the 21st century: A global and local perspective. Med Clin (Barc) 2022; 159:589-591. [PMID: 35953312 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteve Fernández
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Barcelona, España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Programa de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
| | - Armando Peruga
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Programa de Prevención y Control del Cáncer, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Barcelona, España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Programa de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, España; Centro de Epidemiología y Políticas Públicas, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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24
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Su Z, McDonnell D, Cheshmehzangi A, Ahmad J, Šegalo S, da Veiga CP. A call to ban the sale of tobacco products. Front Public Health 2022; 10:904971. [PMID: 36438262 PMCID: PMC9684640 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.904971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco is both toxic and addictive. Mounting evidence shows that tobacco use has a detrimental impact on almost every aspect of human health, causing or worsening deadly public health crises from the cancer epidemic to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, while tobacco use is a threat to both personal and public health, it continues to surge across the world, especially in China and other low- and middle-income countries. To this end, this article argues in favor of using a ban on the sale of all tobacco products as a practical solution to the global tobacco use epidemic. It is our hope that insights provided by our work will inspire swift policy actions in countries such as China and beyond to curb the tide of rising tobacco consumption, so that populations around the world could be better shielded from the pervasive and long-lasting damage that tobacco products cause or compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Zhaohui Su
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, Institute of Technology Carlow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China,Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Sabina Šegalo
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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25
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Gao X, Shen F, Li S, Zhang R, Jiang W, Li B, Wang R. The estimated influence of assumed physicians' advice for tobacco smoking cessation among current smokers in Shanghai, China: A cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:86. [PMID: 36317058 PMCID: PMC9574849 DOI: 10.18332/tid/153508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence indicates that physicians' smoking cessation advice is significant for tobacco control, which is an impetus to encourage smoking cessation among smokers, but the estimated influence of physicians' smoking cessation advice on smokers' intention to quit is limited in Shanghai, China. METHODS We enrolled 1104 participants who were current smokers in the SJ (Songjiang) and FX (Fengxian) districts in Shanghai in 2021. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect data and SAS 9.4 was used for data analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the influence of the assumed physicians' advice for smoking cessation on current smokers' smoking cessation plan. RESULTS A total of 1104 participants provided information of which 914 were male smokers (82.8%) and 190 (17.2%) were female smokers. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that female smokers (OR=2.47; 95% CI: 1.66-3.68), smokers with at least 1 type of non-communicable disease (OR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.42-3.07), smoking intensity <20 cigarettes/day (OR=1.64; 95% CI: 1.22-2.17), with personal tobacco burden less than 20% (OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.10-2.13), exposed to secondhand smoke (OR=1.99; 95% CI:1.44-2.76), and previous smoking cessation attempt (OR=4.43; 95% CI: 3.23-6.08), were more likely to report an intent to quit smoking. Moreover, approximately 50% of participants without a plan to quit in a year had also reported their intention to quit smoking with the presumption that the physicians would advise them to quit, irrespective of their sex, age, NCD status and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure. CONCLUSIONS Physicians' cessation advice could promote smokers to consider stopping smoking. The reported cessation intention was higher among female smokers, and smokers with NCD, lower smoking intensity and burden, with smoking cessation attempts, all of which could be incorporated into the implementation of tobacco control measures in the future in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjin Gao
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanlingzi Shen
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wencheng Jiang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bostic C, Bianco E, Hefler M. Progress, challenges and the need to set concrete goals in the global tobacco endgame. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e118. [PMID: 36211233 PMCID: PMC9534338 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tobacco endgame is rapidly moving from aspirational and theoretical toward a concrete and achievable goal and, in some cases, enacted policy. Endgame policies differ from traditional tobacco control measures by explicitly aiming to permanently end, rather than simply minimize, tobacco use. The purpose of this paper is to outline recent progress made in the tobacco endgame, its relationship to existing tobacco control policies, the challenges and how endgame planning can be adapted to different tobacco control contexts. Examples of implemented policies in three cities in the United States and national policies in the Netherlands and New Zealand are outlined, as well as recent endgame planning developments in Europe. Justifications for integrating endgame targets into tobacco control policy and the need to set concrete time frames are discussed, including planning for ending the sale of tobacco products. Tobacco endgame planning must consider the jurisdiction-specific tobacco control context, including the current prevalence of tobacco use, existing policies, implementation of the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and public support. However, the current tobacco control context should not determine whether endgame planning should happen, but rather how and when different endgame approaches can occur. Potential challenges include legal challenges, the contested role of e-cigarettes and the tobacco industry’s attempt to co-opt the rhetoric of smoke-free policies. While acknowledging the different views regarding e-cigarettes and other products, we argue for a contractionary approach to the tobacco product market. The tobacco control community should capitalize on the growing theoretical and empirical evidence, political will and public support for the tobacco endgame, and set concrete goals for finally ending the tobacco epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bostic
- ASH – Action on Smoking and Health, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Eduardo Bianco
- The Annenberg Physician Training Program at the Frank Foundation, Bethel, Maine
| | - Marita Hefler
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
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27
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Wu Y. Tobacco Control Measures' Role in Improving Employees' Health Under the Impact of Health Education and Media Campaign. Front Public Health 2022; 10:904894. [PMID: 35874977 PMCID: PMC9301119 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.904894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The overarching purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of health education, media campaigns, and peer counselor training on employees' health. This study also attempted to evaluate the function of tobacco control as a mediator in the relationship between employees' health and health education, media campaigns, and peer counselor training. Data were collected from 440 tobacco industry workers in China using a questionnaire technique. Smart-PLS software and a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique were used to evaluate the data. Employees' health was found to be significantly improved by health education, media campaigns, and peer counselor training. Furthermore, tobacco control was discovered to moderate the association between employee health and health education, media campaigns, and peer counselor training. By analyzing the impact of health education, media campaigns, and peer counselor training on employees' health, this research provided an important theoretical contribution. In terms of practical applications, this study would help employees consuming tobacco to maintain a healthy and safe atmosphere that encourages them to be engaged and perform well. Furthermore, this study could prove effective in resolving difficulties linked to controlling employee tobacco addiction and improving their performance. The tiny sample size of this study, which included solely employees working in the Chinese tobacco sector, was one of its limitations. In addition, future studies can incorporate other constructs to acquire a deeper knowledge of the factors that influence employees' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Media and Communication College, Weifang University, Weifang, China
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28
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Willemsen MC, Mons U, Fernández E. Tobacco control in Europe: progress and key challenges. Tob Control 2022; 31:160-163. [PMID: 35241582 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We discuss progress made with respect to reducing the burden of disease caused by tobacco use within the WHO European Region and outline major issues and challenges regarding ongoing implementation of tobacco control policy. Although 50 of 53 countries in the WHO European Region are parties to the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC), smoking prevalence varies tremendously between European countries. While smoking rates are decreasing slowly, faster declines among smokers with a higher socioeconomic status are leading to growing inequalities in tobacco use. Governments in Europe increasingly formulate visions of 'tobacco-free' societies and it is encouraging that the European Commission aims to achieve a tobacco-free Europe in 2040 as part of its Europe's Beating Cancer Plan. While core WHO FCTC measures still have to be fully implemented in many European countries, some countries are implementing more advanced measures such as plain packaging, banning of characterising flavours from tobacco products, tobacco retailer licensing and extensions of smoking bans into spaces such as cars, outdoor areas and public streets. Remaining challenges include protecting tobacco control policymaking from tobacco industry interference, insufficient dedicated budget for scientific research and the need for Europe-wide monitoring data on use of tobacco and nicotine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc C Willemsen
- Health Promotion, Maastricht University Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Expertise Centre for Tobacco Control (NET), Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ute Mons
- Cancer Prevention Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Programme, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bialous
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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30
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Rose N, Reeve B, Charlton K. Barriers and Enablers for Healthy Food Systems and Environments: The Role of Local Governments. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:82-93. [PMID: 35150415 PMCID: PMC8853135 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Food systems at all levels are experiencing various states of dysfunction and crisis, and in turn their governance contributes to other intensifying crises, such as climate change, biodiversity loss and the rapid expansion of dietary-related non-communicable diseases. In many jurisdictions governments at local, state and national levels are taking action to tackle some of the key challenges confronting food systems through a range of regulatory, legislative and fiscal measures. This article comprises a narrative review summarising recent relevant literature with a focus on the intersection between corporate power and public health. The review sought to identify some of the principal barriers for the design and support of healthy food systems and environments, as well as key reforms that can be adopted to address these barriers, with a focus on the role of local governments. Recent findings The review found that, where permitted to do so by authorising legislative and regulatory frameworks, and where political and executive leadership prioritises healthy and sustainable food systems, local governments have demonstrated the capacity to exercise legislative and regulatory powers, such as planning powers to constrain the expansion of the fast food industry. In doing so, they have been able to advance broader goals of public health and wellbeing, as well as support the strengthening and expansion of healthy and sustainable food systems. Summary Whilst local governments in various jurisdictions have demonstrated the capacity to take effective action to advance public health and environmental goals, such interventions take place in the context of a food system dominated by the corporate determinants of health. Accordingly, their wider health-promoting impact will remain limited in the absence of substantive reform at all levels of government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rose
- Faculty of Higher Education, William Angliss Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Belinda Reeve
- The University of Sydney Law School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Charlton
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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31
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Safiri S, Carson-Chahhoud K, Karamzad N, Sullman MJM, Nejadghaderi SA, Taghizadieh A, Bell AW, Kolahi AA, Ansarin K, Mansournia MA, Collins GS, Kaufman JS. Prevalence, Deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years Due to Asthma and Its Attributable Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019. Chest 2022; 161:318-329. [PMID: 34699773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding global trends in the point prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for asthma will facilitate evidence-based decision-making. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the global, regional, and national burdens of asthma in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019 by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI)? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 through 2019 were used. All estimates were presented as counts and age-standardized rates per 100,000, along with their associated uncertainty intervals. RESULTS In 2019, the global age-standardized point prevalence and death rates for asthma were 3,415.5 and 5.8 per 100,000, which represent a 24% and 51.3% decrease since 1990, respectively. Moreover, in 2019, the global age-standardized DALY rate was 273.6 and the global point prevalence of asthma was highest in the group 5 to 9 years of age. Also in 2019, the United States (10,399.3) showed the highest age-standardized point prevalence rate of asthma. Generally, the burden of asthma decreased with increasing SDI. Globally, high BMI (16.9%), smoking (9.9%), and occupational asthmagens (8.8%) contributed to the 2019 asthma DALYs. INTERPRETATION Asthma remains an important public health issue, particularly in regions with low socioeconomic development. Future research is needed to examine thoroughly the associations asthma has with its risk factors and the factors impeding optimal self-management. Further research also is needed to understand and implement better the interventions that have reduced the burden of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Safiri
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kristin Carson-Chahhoud
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nahid Karamzad
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Taghizadieh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arielle Wilder Bell
- Health Sciences Integrated Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Ali-Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Ansarin
- Rahat Breath and Sleep Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gary S Collins
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, England; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, England
| | - Jay S Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Nemmar A, Al-Salam S, Beegam S, Zaaba NE, Elzaki O, Yasin J, Ali BH. Waterpipe smoke-induced hypercoagulability and cardiac injury in mice: Influence of cessation of exposure. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112493. [PMID: 35062048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterpipe tobacco smoking has gained worldwide popularity, particularly among youths. Several clinical and experimental studies have reported that waterpipe smoking (WPS) injures the cardiovascular system. However, the impact of smoking cessation (CS) on the cardiovascular toxicity induced by WPS received scant attention. Hence, we assessed, in C57BL/6 mice, the cardiovascular effects of WPS exposure for 3 months followed by 3 months of SC, as compared with mice exposed for either 3 months to WPS or air (control). WPS exposure induced hypertension, prothrombotic events both in vivo and in vitro and increased the plasma concentrations of tissue factor, fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. These effects were significantly alleviated by SC. In heart tissue, the levels of troponin I, creatine kinase, lipid peroxidation, 8-isoprostane, tumor necrosis factor α, inteleukin 6, DNA damage and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly increased by WPS exposure. These actions were significantly reduced in the group of mice exposed to WPS followed by SC. Similarly, the increase in the level of nuclear factor κ-β induced by WPS exposure was significantly mitigated by SC. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hearts showed that WPS exposure increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 by cardiomyocytes. The latter effect was significantly reduced by SC. Taken together, our data show that SC is associated with amelioration of WPS induced hypertension, prothrombotic events and cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nur Elena Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ozaz Elzaki
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javed Yasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P O Box 35, Muscat 123, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
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Vieira Ramos G, de Sousa Neto IV, Toledo-Arruda AC, Marqueti RDC, Vieira RP, Martins MA, Salvini TF, Durigan JLQ. Moderate Treadmill Training Induces Limited Effects on Quadriceps Muscle Hypertrophy in Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Involving Metalloproteinase 2. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:33-42. [PMID: 35027823 PMCID: PMC8752871 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s326894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term cigarette smoke (CS) induces substantive extrapulmonary effects, including musculoskeletal system disorders. Exercise training seems to protect long-term smokers against fiber atrophy in the locomotor muscles. Nevertheless, the extracellular matrix (ECM) changes in response to aerobic training remain largely unknown. Thus, we investigated the effects of moderate treadmill training on aerobic performance, cross-sectional area (CSA), fiber distribution, and metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity on quadriceps muscle in mice exposed to chronic CS. Methods Male mice were randomized into four groups: control or smoke (6 per group) and exercise or exercise+smoke (5 per group). Animals were exposed to 12 commercially filtered cigarettes per day (0.8 mg of nicotine, 10 mg of tar, and 10 mg of CO per cigarette). The CSA, fibers distribution, and MMP-2 activity by zymography were assessed after a period of treadmill training (50% of maximal exercise capacity for 60 min/day, 5 days/week) for 24 weeks. Results The CS exposure did not change CSA compared to the control group (p>0.05), but minor fibers in the frequency distribution (<1000 µm2) were observed. Long-term CS exposure attenuated CSA increases in exercise conditions (smoke+exercise vs exercise) while did not impair aerobic performance. Quadriceps CSA increased in mice nonsmoker submitted to aerobic training (p = 0.001). There was higher pro-MMP-2 activity in the smoke+exercise group when compared to the smoke group (p = 0.01). Regarding active MMP-2, the exercise showed higher values when compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion Moderate treadmill training for 24 weeks in mice exposed to CS did not modify CSA, despite inducing higher pro-MMP-2 activity in the quadriceps muscle, suggesting limited effects on ECM remodeling. Our findings may contribute to new insights into molecular mechanisms for CS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracielle Vieira Ramos
- Physical Therapy Division, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, University Paulista, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Choqueta Toledo-Arruda
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Medicine Clinical (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Marqueti
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Universidade Brasil, Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (LABPEI), Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE) and Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Federal University of Sao Paulo, Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton A Martins
- Department of Medicine Clinical (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia F Salvini
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Feliu A, Martínez C, Fernández E. [Lights and shadows for public health: A critical analysis of the tobacco legislation in Spain]. GACETA SANITARIA 2022; 36:48-52. [PMID: 34419288 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a chronic disease that is the leading preventable cause of death in developed countries. In Spain, the prevalence of tobacco use has decreased driven by the implementation of tobacco control policies; however, current legislation does not establish a harmonized regulation for all tobacco products. The aim of this article is to review the current legislation and critically analyze its limitations in relation to the principles of good administration now defined in the Law 39/2015. Spanish in force tobacco control policies main limitations can be divided into four areas: the lack of specific regulation for new tobacco products; the differences in their regulation; the lack of information to the general population on their harmful effects and the new developments in the regulation of smoke-free spaces; and the lack of adaptation of the regulation to the most recent scientific evidence. All in all, the quality of tobacco control regulations in Spain, despite the successes achieved with the Law 28/2005, has been compromised by the State's laxity in the legislative, regulatory, and administrative spheres, which has led to a regulatory stagnation that runs counter to the principles of good regulation. This review should encourage scientific organizations and civil society associations to call for an actualization of the tobacco legislation, with determined and coordinated prevention and control policies to promote a tobacco-free Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Feliu
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Unidad de Control del Tabaco, Centro Colaborador de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Grupo de Investigación en Control del Tabaco, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España
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Emmons KM, Chambers D, Abazeed A. Embracing policy implementation science to ensure translation of evidence to cancer control policy. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1972-1979. [PMID: 34850924 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although health-related policies are abundant, efforts to understand how to ensure that these policies serve as an effective vehicle for translating scientific evidence are relatively sparse. This paper explores how policy-focused implementation science (IS) may contribute to understanding the translation of scientific evidence to health-related policy in governmental and nongovernmental sectors. Expanding the focus of implementation science in cancer control could systematically address policy to both increase the use of scientific evidence in general and to address health equity. In this Commentary, we look to relevant work outside of IS that could be informative, most notably from the field of political science. We propose several ideas for future research that could help move the field of policy implementation science in cancer control in the USA forward. Although most efforts to increase uptake of the scientific evidence base reference translation to "practice and policy," there has been relatively little emphasis in the USA on implementation at the policy level, especially related to cancer control. If we are to achieve the full benefits of scientific discovery on population and public health, we will need to consider policy as a critical mechanism by which evidence can be translated to practice. We have a robust set of methods within implementation science that are increasing the pace of adoption and maintenance of evidence-based programs in a variety of settings. Building on these efforts, the time is right to expand our focus to include policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Emmons
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Chambers
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Office of the Director, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MA 20014, USA
| | - Ali Abazeed
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Office of the Director, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MA 20014, USA
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Zhou X, Zeng W, Rong S, Lv H, Chen Y, Mao Y, Tan W, Li H. Alendronate-Modified Nanoceria with Multiantioxidant Enzyme-Mimetic Activity for Reactive Oxygen Species/Reactive Nitrogen Species Scavenging from Cigarette Smoke. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47394-47406. [PMID: 34605626 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly toxic radicals including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cigarette smoke play an important role in oxidative damage of the lungs, which cannot be efficiently scavenged by current filter techniques. Herein, a novel alendronate-coated nanoceria (CeAL) nanozyme is explored for cigarette filter modification for ROS/RNS scavenging. The CeAL nanozyme with an adjustable oxidation state and high thermal stability exhibits an excellent superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, hydroxyl radical elimination capacity, catalase-mimicking activity, and nitric oxide radical scavenging ability. These synergistic antioxidant abilities make the CeAL nanozyme a lucrative additive for cigarette filters. The filter incorporated with the CeAL nanozyme can efficiently scavenge ROS/RNS in the hot smoke generated by burned commercial cigarettes, resulting in reduction of oxidative stress-induced pulmonary injury and acute inflammation of mice. The developed CeAL nanozyme opens up new opportunities for cigarette filter modification to decrease the toxicity of cigarette smoke and expands the application fields of nanoceria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Weinan Zeng
- Orthopedic Research institution, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shu Rong
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Heng Lv
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yonghong Chen
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yinghua Mao
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hong Li
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing 210002, China
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Ringborg U, Berns A, Celis JE, Heitor M, Tabernero J, Schüz J, Baumann M, Henrique R, Aapro M, Basu P, Beets‐Tan R, Besse B, Cardoso F, Carneiro F, van den Eede G, Eggermont A, Fröhling S, Galbraith S, Garralda E, Hanahan D, Hofmarcher T, Jönsson B, Kallioniemi O, Kásler M, Kondorosi E, Korbel J, Lacombe D, Carlos Machado J, Martin‐Moreno JM, Meunier F, Nagy P, Nuciforo P, Oberst S, Oliveiera J, Papatriantafyllou M, Ricciardi W, Roediger A, Ryll B, Schilsky R, Scocca G, Seruca R, Soares M, Steindorf K, Valentini V, Voest E, Weiderpass E, Wilking N, Wren A, Zitvogel L. The Porto European Cancer Research Summit 2021. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2507-2543. [PMID: 34515408 PMCID: PMC8486569 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Key stakeholders from the cancer research continuum met in May 2021 at the European Cancer Research Summit in Porto to discuss priorities and specific action points required for the successful implementation of the European Cancer Mission and Europe's Beating Cancer Plan (EBCP). Speakers presented a unified view about the need to establish high-quality, networked infrastructures to decrease cancer incidence, increase the cure rate, improve patient's survival and quality of life, and deal with research and care inequalities across the European Union (EU). These infrastructures, featuring Comprehensive Cancer Centres (CCCs) as key components, will integrate care, prevention and research across the entire cancer continuum to support the development of personalized/precision cancer medicine in Europe. The three pillars of the recommended European infrastructures - namely translational research, clinical/prevention trials and outcomes research - were pondered at length. Speakers addressing the future needs of translational research focused on the prospects of multiomics assisted preclinical research, progress in Molecular and Digital Pathology, immunotherapy, liquid biopsy and science data. The clinical/prevention trial session presented the requirements for next-generation, multicentric trials entailing unified strategies for patient stratification, imaging, and biospecimen acquisition and storage. The third session highlighted the need for establishing outcomes research infrastructures to cover primary prevention, early detection, clinical effectiveness of innovations, health-related quality-of-life assessment, survivorship research and health economics. An important outcome of the Summit was the presentation of the Porto Declaration, which called for a collective and committed action throughout Europe to develop the cancer research infrastructures indispensable for fostering innovation and decreasing inequalities within and between member states. Moreover, the Summit guidelines will assist decision making in the context of a unique EU-wide cancer initiative that, if expertly implemented, will decrease the cancer death toll and improve the quality of life of those confronted with cancer, and this is carried out at an affordable cost.
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Mediterranean Diet Implementation to Protect against Advanced Lung Cancer Index (ALI) Rise: Study Design and Preliminary Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073700. [PMID: 33916252 PMCID: PMC8036451 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been inversely associated with lung cancer (LC) risk. Hereby we show the preliminary results of our prospective randomised controlled trial in inflammatory and nutritional status of LC patients after 3-month implementation of MD. In total, 30 patients with small-cell or non-small-cell LC (stages III–IV) were enrolled. They were randomly assigned either to Control group, receiving general nutritional guidelines, or the MD group, in which a personalised MD plan was provided. Medical and dietary history, anthropometrics, blood biomarkers, and circulating antioxidant vitamins were assessed. The main outcome was a significantly higher advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) in patients of the control arm than those following MD (p = 0.003). In the MD group, platelets were significantly reduced at the study endpoint (p = 0.044). BMI and body fat mass remained unchanged in both arms, but serum glucose was significantly higher in control compared to MD group (p = 0.017). In conclusion, we showed for the first time that implementing a personalised MD for 3 months is promising to regulate prognostic biomarkers in advanced LC. The final results of our on-going trial will shed a light on the inflammatory, antioxidant and nutritional status of LC patients following MD.
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Schüz J, Espina C. The eleventh hour to enforce rigorous primary cancer prevention. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:741-743. [PMID: 33660939 PMCID: PMC7931125 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schüz
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Carolina Espina
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
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