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Rigo YR, Benvenutti R, Portela LV, Strogulski NR. Neurogenic potential of NG2 in neurotrauma: a systematic review. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2673-2683. [PMID: 38595286 PMCID: PMC11168526 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative approaches towards neuronal loss following traumatic brain or spinal cord injury have long been considered a dogma in neuroscience and remain a cutting-edge area of research. This is reflected in a large disparity between the number of studies investigating primary and secondary injury as therapeutic targets in spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries. Significant advances in biotechnology may have the potential to reshape the current state-of-the-art and bring focus to primary injury neurotrauma research. Recent studies using neural-glial factor/antigen 2 (NG2) cells indicate that they may differentiate into neurons even in the developed brain. As these cells show great potential to play a regenerative role, studies have been conducted to test various manipulations in neurotrauma models aimed at eliciting a neurogenic response from them. In the present study, we systematically reviewed the experimental protocols and findings described in the scientific literature, which were peer-reviewed original research articles (1) describing preclinical experimental studies, (2) investigating NG2 cells, (3) associated with neurogenesis and neurotrauma, and (4) in vitro and/or in vivo, available in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science or SCOPUS, from 1998 to 2022. Here, we have reviewed a total of 1504 papers, and summarized findings that ultimately suggest that NG2 cells possess an inducible neurogenic potential in animal models and in vitro. We also discriminate findings of NG2 neurogenesis promoted by different pharmacological and genetic approaches over functional and biochemical outcomes of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury models, and provide mounting evidence for the potential benefits of manipulated NG2 cell ex vivo transplantation in primary injury treatment. These findings indicate the feasibility of NG2 cell neurogenesis strategies and add new players in the development of therapeutic alternatives for neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri R. Rigo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Radharani Benvenutti
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis V. Portela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nathan R. Strogulski
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Xue X, Wu X, Fan Y, Han S, Zhang H, Sun Y, Yin Y, Yin M, Chen B, Sun Z, Zhao S, Zhang Q, Liu W, Zhang J, Li J, Shi Y, Xiao Z, Dai J, Zhao Y. Heterogeneous fibroblasts contribute to fibrotic scar formation after spinal cord injury in mice and monkeys. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6321. [PMID: 39060269 PMCID: PMC11282111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to fibrotic scar formation at the lesion site, yet the heterogeneity of fibrotic scar remains elusive. Here we show the heterogeneity in distribution, origin, and function of fibroblasts within fibrotic scars after SCI in mice and female monkeys. Utilizing lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we found that perivascular fibroblasts (PFs), and meningeal fibroblasts (MFs), rather than pericytes/vascular smooth cells (vSMCs), primarily contribute to fibrotic scar in both transection and crush SCI. Crabp2 + /Emb+ fibroblasts (CE-F) derived from meninges primarily localize in the central region of fibrotic scars, demonstrating enhanced cholesterol synthesis and secretion of type I collagen and fibronectin. In contrast, perivascular/pial Lama1 + /Lama2+ fibroblasts (LA-F) are predominantly found at the periphery of the lesion, expressing laminin and type IV collagen and functionally involved in angiogenesis and lipid transport. These findings may provide a comprehensive understanding for remodeling heterogeneous fibrotic scars after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xianming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Man Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuaijing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Weiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ya Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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3
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Zhang AY, Elias E, Manners MT. Sex-dependent astrocyte reactivity: Unveiling chronic stress-induced morphological changes across multiple brain regions. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 200:106610. [PMID: 39032799 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a major precursor to various neuropsychiatric disorders and is linked with increased inflammation in the brain. However, the bidirectional association between inflammation and chronic stress has yet to be fully understood. Astrocytes are one of the key inflammatory regulators in the brain, and the morphological change in reactive astrocytes serves as an important indicator of inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the sex-specific astrocyte response to chronic stress or systemic inflammation in key brain regions associated with mood disorders. We conducted the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) paradigm to model chronic stress, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to model systemic inflammation. To evaluate stress-induced morphological changes in astrocyte complexity, we measured GFAP fluorescent intensity for astrocyte expression, branch bifurcation by quantifying branch points and terminal points, branch arborization by conducting Sholl analysis, and calculated the ramification index. Our analysis indicated that chronic stress-induced morphological changes in astrocytes in all brain regions investigated. The effects of chronic stress were region and sex specific. Notably, females had greater stress or inflammation-induced astrocyte activation in the hypothalamus (HYPO), CA1, CA3, and amygdala (AMY) than males. These findings indicate that chronic stress induces astrocyte activation that may drive sex and region-specific effects in females, potentially contributing to sex-dependent mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Y Zhang
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Elias Elias
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Melissa T Manners
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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4
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Kim M, Oh S, Kim S, Kim IS, Kim J, Han J, Ahn JW, Chung S, Jang JH, Shin JE, Park KI. In vivo neural regeneration via AAV-NeuroD1 gene delivery to astrocytes in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:33. [PMID: 39014391 PMCID: PMC11253351 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is a significant contributor to neonatal mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental disability, characterized by massive neuronal loss and reactive astrogliosis. Current therapeutic approaches for neonatal HIBI have been limited to general supportive therapy because of the lack of methods to compensate for irreversible neuronal loss. This study aimed to establish a feasible regenerative therapy for neonatal HIBI utilizing in vivo direct neuronal reprogramming technology. METHODS Neonatal HIBI was induced in ICR mice at postnatal day 7 by permanent right common carotid artery occlusion and exposure to hypoxia with 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen for 90 min. Three days after the injury, NeuroD1 was delivered to reactive astrocytes of the injury site using the astrocyte-tropic adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector AAVShH19. AAVShH19 was engineered with the Cre-FLEX system for long-term tracking of infected cells. RESULTS AAVShH19-mediated ectopic NeuroD1 expression effectively converted astrocytes into GABAergic neurons, and the converted cells exhibited electrophysiological properties and synaptic transmitters. Additionally, we found that NeuroD1-mediated in vivo direct neuronal reprogramming protected injured host neurons and altered the host environment, i.e., decreased the numbers of activated microglia, reactive astrocytes, and toxic A1-type astrocytes, and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, NeuroD1-treated mice exhibited significantly improved motor functions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that NeuroD1-mediated in vivo direct neuronal reprogramming technology through AAV gene delivery can be a novel regenerative therapy for neonatal HIBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Kim
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokmin Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Sun Kim
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joowon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Ahn
- BnH Research. Co., Ltd. Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungsoo Chung
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- GluGene Therapeutics Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Shin
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kook In Park
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wei J, Wang M, Li S, Han R, Xu W, Zhao A, Yu Q, Li H, Li M, Chi G. Reprogramming of astrocytes and glioma cells into neurons for central nervous system repair and glioblastoma therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116806. [PMID: 38796971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) damage is usually irreversible owing to the limited regenerative capability of neurons. Following CNS injury, astrocytes are reactively activated and are the key cells involved in post-injury repair mechanisms. Consequently, research on the reprogramming of reactive astrocytes into neurons could provide new directions for the restoration of neural function after CNS injury and in the promotion of recovery in various neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the means through which reactive astrocytes around lesions can be reprogrammed into neurons, to elucidate the intrinsic connection between the two cell types from a neurogenesis perspective, and to summarize what is known about the neurotranscription factors, small-molecule compounds and MicroRNA that play major roles in astrocyte reprogramming. As the malignant proliferation of astrocytes promotes the development of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), this review also examines the research advances on and the theoretical basis for the reprogramming of GBM cells into neurons and discusses the advantages of such approaches over traditional treatment modalities. This comprehensive review provides new insights into the field of GBM therapy and theoretical insights into the mechanisms of neurological recovery following neurological injury and in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Shilin Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 1xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China.
| | - Wenhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Anqi Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Qi Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Haokun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Guangfan Chi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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6
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Sriram S, Carstens K, Dewing W, Fiacco TA. Astrocyte regulation of extracellular space parameters across the sleep-wake cycle. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1401698. [PMID: 38988660 PMCID: PMC11233815 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1401698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple subfields of neuroscience research are beginning to incorporate astrocytes into current frameworks of understanding overall brain physiology, neuronal circuitry, and disease etiology that underlie sleep and sleep-related disorders. Astrocytes have emerged as a dynamic regulator of neuronal activity through control of extracellular space (ECS) volume and composition, both of which can vary dramatically during different levels of sleep and arousal. Astrocytes are also an attractive target of sleep research due to their prominent role in the glymphatic system, a method by which toxic metabolites generated during wakefulness are cleared away. In this review we assess the literature surrounding glial influences on fluctuations in ECS volume and composition across the sleep-wake cycle. We also examine mechanisms of astrocyte volume regulation in glymphatic solute clearance and their role in sleep and wake states. Overall, findings highlight the importance of astrocytes in sleep and sleep research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Sriram
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Kaira Carstens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wayne Dewing
- Undergraduate Major in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Todd A Fiacco
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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7
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Risby-Jones G, Lee JD, Woodruff TM, Fung JN. Sex differences in Huntington's disease from a neuroinflammation perspective. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1384480. [PMID: 38915800 PMCID: PMC11194371 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1384480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric abnormalities. Immune dysregulation, prominently featuring increased immune activity, plays a significant role in HD pathogenesis. In addition to the central nervous system (CNS), systemic innate immune activation and inflammation are observed in HD patients, exacerbating the effects of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene mutation. Recent attention to sex differences in HD symptom severity underscores the need to consider gender as a biological variable in neurodegenerative disease research. Understanding sex-specific immune responses holds promise for elucidating HD pathophysiology and informing targeted treatment strategies to mitigate cognitive and functional decline. This perspective will highlight the importance of investigating gender influence in HD, particularly focusing on sex-specific immune responses predisposing individuals to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Risby-Jones
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - John D. Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny N. Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Lombardi AM, Wong H, Bower ME, Milstead R, Borski C, Schmitt E, Griffioen M, LaPlante L, Ehringer MA, Stitzel J, Hoeffer CA. AKT2 modulates astrocytic nicotine responses in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596856. [PMID: 38854016 PMCID: PMC11160815 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A better understanding of nicotine neurobiology is needed to reduce or prevent chronic addiction, ameliorate the detrimental effects of nicotine withdrawal, and increase successful cessation of use. Nicotine binds and activates two astrocyte-expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), α4β2 and α7. We recently found that Protein kinase B-β (Pkb-β or Akt2) expression is restricted to astrocytes in mice and humans. To determine if AKT2 plays a role in astrocytic nicotinic responses, we generated astrocyte-specific Akt2 conditional knockout (cKO) and full Akt2 KO mice for in vivo and in vitro experiments. For in vivo studies, we examined mice exposed to chronic nicotine for two weeks in drinking water (200 μg/mL) and following acute nicotine challenge (0.09, 0.2 mg/kg) after 24 hrs. Our in vitro studies used cultured mouse astrocytes to measure nicotine-dependent astrocytic responses. We validated our approaches using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure inducing astrogliosis. Sholl analysis was used to measure glial fibrillary acidic protein responses in astrocytes. Our data show that wild-type (WT) mice exhibit increased astrocyte morphological complexity during acute nicotine exposure, with decreasing complexity during chronic nicotine use, whereas Akt2 cKO mice showed increased astrocyte morphology complexity. In culture, we found that 100μM nicotine was sufficient for morphological changes and blocking α7 or α4β2 nAChRs prevented observed morphologic changes. Finally, we performed conditioned place preference (CPP) in Akt2 cKO mice and found that astrocytic AKT2 deficiency reduced nicotine preference compared to controls. These findings show the importance of nAChRs and Akt2 signaling in the astrocytic response to nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Lombardi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
| | - Helen Wong
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Myra E. Bower
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Ryan Milstead
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Curtis Borski
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Emily Schmitt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
| | - Mina Griffioen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Lauren LaPlante
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Marissa A. Ehringer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Jerry Stitzel
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Charles A. Hoeffer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
- Linda Crnic Institute, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045
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9
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Moreira R, Nóbrega C, de Almeida LP, Mendonça L. Brain-targeted drug delivery - nanovesicles directed to specific brain cells by brain-targeting ligands. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:260. [PMID: 38760847 PMCID: PMC11100082 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by extensive loss of function or death of brain cells, hampering the life quality of patients. Brain-targeted drug delivery is challenging, with a low success rate this far. Therefore, the application of targeting ligands in drug vehicles, such as lipid-based and polymeric nanoparticles, holds the promise to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and direct therapies to the brain, in addition to protect their cargo from degradation and metabolization. In this review, we discuss the barriers to brain delivery and the different types of brain-targeting ligands currently in use in brain-targeted nanoparticles, such as peptides, proteins, aptamers, small molecules, and antibodies. Moreover, we present a detailed review of the different targeting ligands used to direct nanoparticles to specific brain cells, like neurons (C4-3 aptamer, neurotensin, Tet-1, RVG, and IKRG peptides), astrocytes (Aquaporin-4, D4, and Bradykinin B2 antibodies), oligodendrocytes (NG-2 antibody and the biotinylated DNA aptamer conjugated to a streptavidin core Myaptavin-3064), microglia (CD11b antibody), neural stem cells (QTRFLLH, VPTQSSG, and NFL-TBS.40-63 peptides), and to endothelial cells of the BBB (transferrin and insulin proteins, and choline). Reports demonstrated enhanced brain-targeted delivery with improved transport to the specific cell type targeted with the conjugation of these ligands to nanoparticles. Hence, this strategy allows the implementation of high-precision medicine, with reduced side effects or unwanted therapy clearance from the body. Nevertheless, the accumulation of some of these nanoparticles in peripheral organs has been reported indicating that there are still factors to be improved to achieve higher levels of brain targeting. This review is a collection of studies exploring targeting ligands for the delivery of nanoparticles to the brain and we highlight the advantages and limitations of this type of approach in precision therapies.
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Grants
- under BrainHealth2020 projects (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008), through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization and Portuguese national funds via FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects - UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030737 (NeuroStemForMJD, PTDC/BTM-ORG/30737/2017), CEECIND/04242/2017, and PhD Scholarship European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme
- under BrainHealth2020 projects (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000008), through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization and Portuguese national funds via FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects - UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030737 (NeuroStemForMJD, PTDC/BTM-ORG/30737/2017), CEECIND/04242/2017, and PhD Scholarship European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Liliana Mendonça
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, polo 1, Coimbra, FMUC, 3004-504, Portugal.
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-504, Portugal.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-789, Portugal.
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10
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Sintakova K, Romanyuk N. The role of small extracellular vesicles and microRNA as their cargo in the spinal cord injury pathophysiology and therapy. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1400413. [PMID: 38774785 PMCID: PMC11106386 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1400413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with a complex pathology that affects a significant portion of the population and causes long-term consequences. After primary injury, an inflammatory cascade of secondary injury occurs, followed by neuronal cell death and glial scar formation. Together with the limited regenerative capacity of the central nervous system, these are the main reasons for the poor prognosis after SCI. Despite recent advances, there is still no effective treatment. Promising therapeutic approaches include stem cells transplantation, which has demonstrated neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects in SCI. This positive effect is thought to be mediated by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs); membrane-bound nanovesicles involved in intercellular communication through transport of functional proteins and RNA molecules. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about sEVs and microRNA as their cargo as one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for the treatment of SCI. We provide a comprehensive overview of their role in SCI pathophysiology, neuroprotective potential and therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Sintakova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Neuroscience, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nataliya Romanyuk
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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11
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He Q, Qi Q, Ibeanu GC, Li PA. B355252 Suppresses LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in the Mouse Brain. Brain Sci 2024; 14:467. [PMID: 38790446 PMCID: PMC11119117 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
B355252 is a small molecular compound known for potentiating neural growth factor and protecting against neuronal cell death induced by glutamate in vitro and cerebral ischemia in vivo. However, its other biological functions remain unclear. This study aims to investigate whether B355252 suppresses neuroinflammatory responses and cell death in the brain. C57BL/6j mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dosage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg) to induce inflammation. B355252 (1 mg/kg) intervention was started two days prior to the LPS injection. The animal behavioral changes were assessed pre- and post-LPS injections. The animal brains were harvested at 4 and 24 h post-LPS injection, and histological, biochemical, and cytokine array outcomes were examined. Results showed that B355252 improved LPS-induced behavioral deterioration, mitigated brain tissue damage, and suppressed the activation of microglial and astrocytes. Furthermore, B355252 reduced the protein levels of key pyroptotic markers TLR4, NLRP3, and caspase-1 and inhibited the LPS-induced increases in IL-1β, IL-18, and cytokines. In conclusion, B355252 demonstrates a potent anti-neuroinflammatory effect in vivo, suggesting that its potential therapeutic value warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (Q.H.); (G.C.I.)
| | - Qi Qi
- Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27707, USA;
| | - Gordon C. Ibeanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (Q.H.); (G.C.I.)
| | - P. Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (Q.H.); (G.C.I.)
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12
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Kim D, Ko HY, Chung JI, Park YM, Lee S, Kim SY, Kim J, Chun JH, Han KS, Lee M, Ju YH, Park SJ, Park KD, Nam MH, Kim SH, Shim JK, Park Y, Lim H, Park J, Lee GH, Kim H, Kim S, Park U, Ryu H, Lee SY, Park S, Kang SG, Chang JH, Lee CJ, Yun M. Visualizing cancer-originating acetate uptake through monocarboxylate transporter 1 in reactive astrocytes in the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:843-857. [PMID: 38085571 PMCID: PMC11066945 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of various brain pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and glioblastomas. However, the specific intermediate metabolites contributing to reactive astrogliosis remain unknown. This study investigated how glioblastomas induce reactive astrogliosis in the neighboring microenvironment and explore 11C-acetate PET as an imaging technique for detecting reactive astrogliosis. METHODS Through in vitro, mouse models, and human tissue experiments, we examined the association between elevated 11C-acetate uptake and reactive astrogliosis in gliomas. We explored acetate from glioblastoma cells, which triggers reactive astrogliosis in neighboring astrocytes by upregulating MAO-B and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression. We evaluated the presence of cancer stem cells in the reactive astrogliosis region of glioblastomas and assessed the correlation between the volume of 11C-acetate uptake beyond MRI and prognosis. RESULTS Elevated 11C-acetate uptake is associated with reactive astrogliosis and astrocytic MCT1 in the periphery of glioblastomas in human tissues and mouse models. Glioblastoma cells exhibit increased acetate production as a result of glucose metabolism, with subsequent secretion of acetate. Acetate derived from glioblastoma cells induces reactive astrogliosis in neighboring astrocytes by increasing the expression of MAO-B and MCT1. We found cancer stem cells within the reactive astrogliosis at the tumor periphery. Consequently, a larger volume of 11C-acetate uptake beyond contrast-enhanced MRI was associated with a worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the role of acetate derived from glioblastoma cells in inducing reactive astrogliosis and underscore the potential value of 11C-acetate PET as an imaging technique for detecting reactive astrogliosis, offering important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-In Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Mason Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Misu Lee
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ha Ju
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jun Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Med Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Med Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Med Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkeong Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Ho Lee
- Research Resources Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Kim
- K-Laboratory, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Uiyeol Park
- K-Laboratory, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- K-Laboratory, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yun Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Wang J, Yuan Y, Zhang S, Lu S, Han G, Bian M, huang L, Meng D, Su D, Xiao L, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Gong N, Jiang L. Remodeling of the Intra-Conduit Inflammatory Microenvironment to Improve Peripheral Nerve Regeneration with a Neuromechanical Matching Protein-Based Conduit. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302988. [PMID: 38430538 PMCID: PMC11077661 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains a challenging area in regenerative medicine. Nerve guide conduit (NGC) transplantation is a common treatment for PNI, but the prognosis of NGC treatment is unsatisfactory due to 1) neuromechanical unmatching and 2) the intra-conduit inflammatory microenvironment (IME) resulting from Schwann cell pyroptosis and inflammatory-polarized macrophages. A neuromechanically matched NGC composed of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) loaded with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (P:P) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) are designed, which exhibits a matched elastic modulus (25.1 ± 3.5 MPa) for the peripheral nerve and the highest 80% elongation at break, better than most protein-based conduits. Moreover, the NGC can gradually regulate the intra-conduit IME by releasing DMF and monitoring sciatic nerve movements via piezoresistive sensing. The combination of NGC and electrical stimulation modulates the IME to support PNI regeneration by synergistically inhibiting Schwann cell pyroptosis and reducing inflammatory factor release, shifting macrophage polarization from the inflammatory M1 phenotype to the tissue regenerative M2 phenotype and resulting in functional recovery of neurons. In a rat sciatic nerve crush model, NGC promoted remyelination and functional and structural regeneration. Generally, the DMF/RSF/P:P conduit provides a new potential therapeutic approach to promote nerve repair in future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Ya Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of RehabilitationZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Shu‐Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic ChemistrySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China
| | - Shun‐Yi Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Guan‐Jie Han
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Meng‐Xuan Bian
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Lei huang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - De‐Hua Meng
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Di‐Han Su
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Lan Xiao
- School of MechanicalMedical and Process EngineeringCentre for Biomedical TechnologiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4059Australia
- Australia‐China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4059Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of MechanicalMedical and Process EngineeringCentre for Biomedical TechnologiesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4059Australia
- Australia‐China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4059Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry & Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith UniversityGold Coast4222Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Ning‐Ji Gong
- Department of EmergencyDepartment of OrthopedicsThe Second HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250033China
| | - Li‐Bo Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
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14
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Nguyen HS, Kang SJ, Kim S, Cha BH, Park KS, Jeong SW. Changes in the expression of satellite glial cell-specific markers during postnatal development of rat sympathetic ganglia. Brain Res 2024; 1829:148809. [PMID: 38354998 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The sympathetic ganglia represent a final motor pathway that mediates homeostatic "fight and flight" responses in the visceral organs. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) form a thin envelope close to the neuronal cell body and synapses in the sympathetic ganglia. This unique morphological feature suggests that neurons and SGCs form functional units for regulation of sympathetic output. In the present study, we addressed whether SGC-specific markers undergo age-dependent changes in the postnatal development of rat sympathetic ganglia. We found that fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) is an early SGC marker, whereas the S100B calcium-binding protein, inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir4.1 and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, SK3 are late SGC markers in the postnatal development of sympathetic ganglia. Unlike in sensory ganglia, FABP7 + SGC was barely detectable in adult sympathetic ganglia. The expression of connexin 43, a gap junction channel gradually increased with age, although it was detected in both SGCs and neurons in sympathetic ganglia. Glutamine synthetase was expressed in sensory, but not sympathetic SGCs. Unexpectedly, the sympathetic SGCs expressed a water-selective channel, aquaporin 1 instead of aquaporin 4, a pan-glial marker. However, aquaporin 1 was not detected in the SGCs encircling large neurons. Nerve injury and inflammation induced the upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein, suggesting that this protein is a hall marker of glial activation in the sympathetic ganglia. In conclusion, our findings provide basic information on the in vivo profiles of specific markers for identifying sympathetic SGCs at different stages of postnatal development in both healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Son Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea; Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Kang
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Cha
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea; Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Wang S, Xie S, Zheng Q, Zhang Z, Wang T, Zhang G. Biofluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1380237. [PMID: 38659704 PMCID: PMC11039951 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1380237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, with a complex pathogenesis and an irreversible course. Therefore, the early diagnosis of AD is particularly important for the intervention, prevention, and treatment of the disease. Based on the different pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, the research progress of biofluid biomarkers are classified and reviewed. In the end, the challenges and perspectives of future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Wang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Sitan Xie
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinpin Zheng
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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16
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Gentenaar M, Meulmeester FL, van der Burg XR, Hoekstra AT, Hunt H, Kroon J, van Roon-Mom WMC, Meijer OC. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist CORT113176 attenuates motor and neuropathological symptoms of Huntington's disease in R6/2 mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114675. [PMID: 38216109 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene. The mutation leads to a toxic gain of function of the mutant huntingtin (mHtt) protein resulting in cellular malfunction, aberrant huntingtin aggregation and eventually neuronal cell death. Patients with HD show impaired motor functions and cognitive decline. Elevated levels of glucocorticoids have been found in HD patients and in HD mouse models, and there is a positive correlation between increased glucocorticoid levels and the progression of HD. Therefore, antagonism of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) may be an interesting strategy for the treatment of HD. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the selective GR antagonist CORT113176 in the commonly used R6/2 mouse model. In male mice, CORT113176 treatment significantly delayed the loss of grip strength, the development of hindlimb clasping, gait abnormalities, and the occurrence of epileptic seizures. CORT113176 treatment delayed loss of DARPP-32 immunoreactivity in the dorsolateral striatum. It also restored HD-related parameters including astrocyte markers in both the dorsolateral striatum and the hippocampus, and microglia markers in the hippocampus. This suggests that CORT113176 has both cell-type and brain region-specific effects. CORT113176 delayed the formation of mHtt aggregates in the striatum and the hippocampus. In female mice, we did not observe major effects of CORT113176 treatment on HD-related symptoms, with the exception of the anti-epileptic effects. We conclude that CORT113176 effectively delays several key symptoms related to the HD phenotype in male R6/2 mice and believe that GR antagonism may be a possible treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Gentenaar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Fleur L Meulmeester
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ximaine R van der Burg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna T Hoekstra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hazel Hunt
- Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jan Kroon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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17
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Hamani C, Davidson B, Lipsman N, Abrahao A, Nestor SM, Rabin JS, Giacobbe P, Pagano RL, Campos ACP. Insertional effect following electrode implantation: an underreported but important phenomenon. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae093. [PMID: 38707711 PMCID: PMC11069120 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation has revolutionized the treatment of movement disorders and is gaining momentum in the treatment of several other neuropsychiatric disorders. In almost all applications of this therapy, the insertion of electrodes into the target has been shown to induce some degree of clinical improvement prior to stimulation onset. Disregarding this phenomenon, commonly referred to as 'insertional effect', can lead to biased results in clinical trials, as patients receiving sham stimulation may still experience some degree of symptom amelioration. Similar to the clinical scenario, an improvement in behavioural performance following electrode implantation has also been reported in preclinical models. From a neurohistopathologic perspective, the insertion of electrodes into the brain causes an initial trauma and inflammatory response, the activation of astrocytes, a focal release of gliotransmitters, the hyperexcitability of neurons in the vicinity of the implants, as well as neuroplastic and circuitry changes at a distance from the target. Taken together, it would appear that electrode insertion is not an inert process, but rather triggers a cascade of biological processes, and, as such, should be considered alongside the active delivery of stimulation as an active part of the deep brain stimulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Hamani
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Benjamin Davidson
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Agessandro Abrahao
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Sean M Nestor
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Rosana L Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP CEP 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina P Campos
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP CEP 01308-060, Brazil
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18
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Koukalova L, Chmelova M, Amlerova Z, Vargova L. Out of the core: the impact of focal ischemia in regions beyond the penumbra. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1336886. [PMID: 38504666 PMCID: PMC10948541 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1336886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The changes in the necrotic core and the penumbra following induction of focal ischemia have been the focus of attention for some time. However, evidence shows, that ischemic injury is not confined to the primarily affected structures and may influence the remote areas as well. Yet many studies fail to probe into the structures beyond the penumbra, and possibly do not even find any significant results due to their short-term design, as secondary damage occurs later. This slower reaction can be perceived as a therapeutic opportunity, in contrast to the ischemic core defined as irreversibly damaged tissue, where the window for salvation is comparatively short. The pathologies in remote structures occur relatively frequently and are clearly linked to the post-stroke neurological outcome. In order to develop efficient therapies, a deeper understanding of what exactly happens in the exo-focal regions is necessary. The mechanisms of glia contribution to the ischemic damage in core/penumbra are relatively well described and include impaired ion homeostasis, excessive cell swelling, glutamate excitotoxic mechanism, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and phagocytosis or damage propagation via astrocytic syncytia. However, little is known about glia involvement in post-ischemic processes in remote areas. In this literature review, we discuss the definitions of the terms "ischemic core", "penumbra" and "remote areas." Furthermore, we present evidence showing the array of structural and functional changes in the more remote regions from the primary site of focal ischemia, with a special focus on glia and the extracellular matrix. The collected information is compared with the processes commonly occurring in the ischemic core or in the penumbra. Moreover, the possible causes of this phenomenon and the approaches for investigation are described, and finally, we evaluate the efficacy of therapies, which have been studied for their anti-ischemic effect in remote areas in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Koukalova
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Chmelova
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Amlerova
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lydia Vargova
- Department of Neuroscience, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Zarini D, Pasbakhsh P, Mojaverrostami S, Amirizadeh S, Hashemi M, Shabani M, Noshadian M, Kashani IR. Microglia/macrophage polarization regulates spontaneous remyelination in intermittent cuprizone model of demyelination. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101630. [PMID: 38234370 PMCID: PMC10793082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) lesions can repeatedly be de-and remyelinated during demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we designed an intermittent demyelination model by 0.3 % Cuprizone feeding in C57/BL6 mice followed by two weeks recovery. Histochemical staining of luxol fast blue (LFB) was used for study of remyelination, detection of glial and endothelial cells was performed by immunohistochemistry staining for the following antibodies: anti Olig2 for oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, anti APC for mature oligodendrocytes, anti GFAP for astrocytes, and anti Iba-1 for microglia/macrophages, anti iNOS for M1 microglia/macrophage phenotype, anti TREM-2 for M2 microglia/macrophage phenotype and anti CD31 for endothelial cells. Also, real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for assessment of the expression of the targeted genes. LFB staining results showed enhanced remyelination in the intermittent cuprizone (INTRCPZ) group, which was accompanied by improved motor function, increased mature oligodendrocyte cells, and reduction of astrogliosis and microgliosis. Moreover, switching from M1 to M2 polarity increased in the INTRCPZ group that was in association with downregulation of pro-inflammatory and upregulation of anti-inflammatory genes. Finally, evaluation of microvascular changes revealed a remarkable decrease in the endothelial cells in the cuprizone (CPZ) group which recovered in the INTERCPZ group. The outcomes demonstrate enhanced myelin content during recovery in the intermittent demyelination model which is in association with reshaping macrophage polarity and modification of glial and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Zarini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Pasbakhsh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Mojaverrostami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Amirizadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Hashemi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrazin Noshadian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Machnik G, Bułdak Ł, Zapletal-Pudełko K, Grabarek BO, Staszkiewicz R, Sobański D, Okopień B. The impact of wound-healing assay, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation and siRNA-mediated FURIN gene silencing on endogenous retroviral ERVW-1 expression level in U87-MG astrocytoma cells. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:113-124. [PMID: 38403160 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ubiquitous genomic sequences. Normally dormant HERVs, undergo reactivation by environmental factors. This deregulation of HERVs' transcriptional equilibrium correlates with medical conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we sought to explore whether exposing the U-87 MG astrocytoma cells to traumatic injury deregulates the expression of HERV-W family member ERVW-1 encoding syncytin-1. We also examined the expression of FURIN gene that is crucial in syncytin-1 synthesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Scratch assay was used as a model of cells injury in U-87 MG cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot (WB) and migration assay using Boyden chamber were used. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used for cell stimulation and gene expression inhibition, respectively. RESULTS Results revealed reduced ERVW-1 expression in cells exposed to injury (p < 0.05) while GFAP gene - a marker of active astrocytes, was upregulated (p < 0.01). These findings were confirmed by both WB and RT-qPCR. Expression of FURIN gene was not altered after injury, but cell stimulation by PMA strongly increased FURIN expression, simultaneously downregulating ERVW-1 (p < 0.01). SiRNA-mediated expression inhibition of ERVW-1 and FURIN influenced the mRNA level for SLC1A5 (ASCT2) - primary syncytin-1 receptor, that was significantly lower. FURIN inhibition by siRNA caused strong upregulation of ERVW-1 expression (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Results showed that mechanical impact affects the expression of endogenous retroviruses in U-87 MG astrocytoma cells by scratch assay. Regulation of FURIN, a crucial enzyme in ERVW-1 turnover may support the therapy of some neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Zapletal-Pudełko
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Collegium Medicum, WSB University, Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland; Department of Molecular Biology, Gyncentrum Fertility Clinic, Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Staszkiewicz
- Collegium Medicum, WSB University, Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland; Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dawid Sobański
- Collegium Medicum, WSB University, Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland; Department of Neurosurgery, Szpital sw. Rafala in Cracow, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Brum WS, Ashton NJ, Simrén J, di Molfetta G, Karikari TK, Benedet AL, Zimmer ER, Lantero‐Rodriguez J, Montoliu‐Gaya L, Jeromin A, Aarsand AK, Bartlett WA, Calle PF, Coşkun A, Díaz–Garzón J, Jonker N, Zetterberg H, Sandberg S, Carobene A, Blennow K. Biological variation estimates of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers in healthy individuals. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1284-1297. [PMID: 37985230 PMCID: PMC10916965 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood biomarkers have proven useful in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. However, little is known about their biological variation (BV), which improves the interpretation of individual-level data. METHODS We measured plasma amyloid beta (Aβ42, Aβ40), phosphorylated tau (p-tau181, p-tau217, p-tau231), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) in plasma samples collected weekly over 10 weeks from 20 participants aged 40 to 60 years from the European Biological Variation Study. We estimated within- (CVI ) and between-subject (CVG ) BV, analytical variation, and reference change values (RCV). RESULTS Biomarkers presented considerable variability in CVI and CVG . Aβ42/Aβ40 had the lowest CVI (≈ 3%) and p-tau181 the highest (≈ 16%), while others ranged from 6% to 10%. Most RCVs ranged from 20% to 30% (decrease) and 25% to 40% (increase). DISCUSSION BV estimates for AD plasma biomarkers can potentially refine their clinical and research interpretation. RCVs might be useful for detecting significant changes between serial measurements when monitoring early disease progression or interventions. Highlights Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ42/Aβ40) presents the lowest between- and within-subject biological variation, but also changes the least in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients versus controls. Plasma phosphorylated tau variants significantly vary in their within-subject biological variation, but their substantial fold-changes in AD likely limits the impact of their variability. Plasma neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein demonstrate high between-subject variation, the impact of which will depend on clinical context. Reference change values can potentially be useful in monitoring early disease progression and the safety/efficacy of interventions on an individual level. Serial sampling revealed that unexpectedly high values in heathy individuals can be observed, which urges caution when interpreting AD plasma biomarkers based on a single test result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner S. Brum
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Department of BiochemistryUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreBrazil
| | - Nicholas J. Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- King's College London, Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and Neuroscience Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience InstituteLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS FoundationLondonUK
- Centre for Age‐Related MedicineStavanger University HospitalStavangerNorway
| | - Joel Simrén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Guiglielmo di Molfetta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Thomas K. Karikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Andrea L. Benedet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Eduardo R. Zimmer
- Department of BiochemistryUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreBrazil
- Department of PharmacologyUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreBrazil
- Graduate Program in Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)Porto AlegreBrazil
- McGill Centre for Studies in AgingMcGill UniversityVerdunQuebecCanada
| | - Juan Lantero‐Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | - Laia Montoliu‐Gaya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
| | | | - Aasne K. Aarsand
- European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group on Biological VariationMilanItaly
- The Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (NOKLUS)Haraldsplass Deaconess HospitalBergenNorway
| | - William A. Bartlett
- European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group on Biological VariationMilanItaly
- School of Science and EngineeringUniversity of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Pilar Fernández Calle
- European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group on Biological VariationMilanItaly
- Department of Laboratory MedicineLa Paz University HospitalMadridSpain
| | - Abdurrahman Coşkun
- European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group on Biological VariationMilanItaly
- School of Medicine, Department of Medical BiochemistryAcibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Jorge Díaz–Garzón
- European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group on Biological VariationMilanItaly
- Department of Laboratory MedicineLa Paz University HospitalMadridSpain
| | - Niels Jonker
- European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group on Biological VariationMilanItaly
- CerteWilhelmina Ziekenhuis AssenAssenthe Netherlands
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesHong KongChina
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sverre Sandberg
- European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group on Biological VariationMilanItaly
- The Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (NOKLUS)Haraldsplass Deaconess HospitalBergenNorway
- Department of Global Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Anna Carobene
- European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Working Group on Biological VariationMilanItaly
- Laboratory MedicineIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
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22
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Passarelli JP, Nimjee SM, Townsend KL. Stroke and Neurogenesis: Bridging Clinical Observations to New Mechanistic Insights from Animal Models. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:53-68. [PMID: 36462099 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Stroke was the 2nd leading cause of death and a major cause of morbidity. Unfortunately, there are limited means to promote neurological recovery post-stroke, but research has unearthed potential targets for therapies to encourage post-stroke neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. The occurrence of neurogenesis in adult mammalian brains, including humans, was not widely accepted until the 1990s. Now, adult neurogenesis has been extensively studied in human and mouse neurogenic brain niches, of which the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus are best studied. Numerous other niches are under investigation for neurogenic potential. This review offers a basic overview to stroke in the clinical setting, a focused summary of recent and foundational research literature on cortical neurogenesis and post-stroke brain plasticity, and insights regarding how the meninges and choroid plexus have emerged as key players in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in the context of focal cerebral ischemia disrupting the anterior circulation. The choroid plexus and meninges are vital as they are integral sites for neuroimmune interactions, glymphatic perfusion, and niche signaling pertinent to neural stem cells and neurogenesis. Modulating neuroimmune interactions with a focus on astrocyte activity, potentially through manipulation of the choroid plexus and meningeal niches, may reduce the exacerbation of stroke by inflammatory mediators and create an environment conducive to neurorecovery. Furthermore, addressing impaired glymphatic perfusion after ischemic stroke likely supports a neurogenic environment by clearing out inflammatory mediators, neurotoxic metabolites, and other accumulated waste. The meninges and choroid plexus also contribute more directly to promoting neurogenesis: the meninges are thought to harbor neural stem cells and are a niche amenable to neural stem/progenitor cell migration. Additionally, the choroid plexus has secretory functions that directly influences stem cells through signaling mechanisms and growth factor actions. More research to better understand the functions of the meninges and choroid plexus may lead to novel approaches for stimulating neuronal recovery after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahid M Nimjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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23
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Del Campo Fonseca A, Ahmed D. Ultrasound robotics for precision therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 205:115164. [PMID: 38145721 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of microrobots in precision therapy has gained significant attention. The small size and maneuverability of these micromachines enable them to potentially access regions that are difficult to reach using traditional methods; thus, reducing off-target toxicities and maximizing treatment effectiveness. Specifically, acoustic actuation has emerged as a promising method to exert control. By harnessing the power of acoustic energy, these small machines potentially navigate the body, assemble at the desired sites, and deliver therapies with enhanced precision and effectiveness. Amidst the enthusiasm surrounding these miniature agents, their translation to clinical environments has proven difficult. The primary objectives of this review are threefold: firstly, to offer an overview of the fundamental acoustic principles employed in the field of microrobots; secondly, to assess their current applications in medical therapies, encompassing tissue targeting, drug delivery or even cell infiltration; and lastly, to delve into the continuous efforts aimed at integrating acoustic microrobots into in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Del Campo Fonseca
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, ETH Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, ETH Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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24
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Jiang Z, Wang J, Qin Y, Liu S, Luo B, Bai F, Wei H, Zhang S, Wei J, Ding G, Ma L, He S, Chen R, Sun Y, Chen Y, Wang L, Xu H, Wang X, Chen G, Lei W. A nonhuman primate model with Alzheimer's disease-like pathology induced by hippocampal overexpression of human tau. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:22. [PMID: 38281031 PMCID: PMC10821564 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most burdening diseases of the century with no disease-modifying treatment at this time. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) share genetic, anatomical, and physiological similarities with humans, making them ideal model animals for investigating the pathogenesis of AD and potential therapies. However, the use of NHPs in AD research has been hindered by the paucity of AD monkey models due to their long generation time, ethical considerations, and technical challenges in genetically modifying monkeys. METHODS Here, we developed an AD-like NHP model by overexpressing human tau in the bilateral hippocampi of adult rhesus macaque monkeys. We evaluated the pathological features of these monkeys with immunostaining, Nissl staining, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and behavioural tests. RESULTS We demonstrated that after hippocampal overexpression of tau protein, these monkeys displayed multiple pathological features of AD, including 3-repeat (3R)/4-repeat (4R) tau accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, tau propagation, neuronal loss, hippocampal atrophy, neuroinflammation, Aβ clearance deficits, blood vessel damage, and cognitive decline. More interestingly, the accumulation of both 3R and 4R tau is specific to NHPs but not found in adult rodents. CONCLUSIONS This work establishes a tau-induced AD-like NHP model with many key pathological and behavioural features of AD. In addition, our model may potentially become one of the AD NHP models adopted by researchers worldwide since it can be generated within 2 ~ 3 months through a single injection of AAVs into the monkey brains. Hence, our model NHPs may facilitate mechanistic studies and therapeutic treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouquan Jiang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongpeng Qin
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanggong Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiyi Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaojuan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoyu Ding
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Long Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu He
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongjie Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenliang Lei
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Tsui CT, Mirkiani S, Roszko DA, Churchward MA, Mushahwar VK, Todd KG. In vitro biocompatibility evaluation of functional electrically stimulating microelectrodes on primary glia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1351087. [PMID: 38314352 PMCID: PMC10834782 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1351087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural interfacing devices interact with the central nervous system to alleviate functional deficits arising from disease or injury. This often entails the use of invasive microelectrode implants that elicit inflammatory responses from glial cells and leads to loss of device function. Previous work focused on improving implant biocompatibility by modifying electrode composition; here, we investigated the direct effects of electrical stimulation on glial cells at the electrode interface. A high-throughput in vitro system that assesses primary glial cell response to biphasic stimulation waveforms at 0 mA, 0.15 mA, and 1.5 mA was developed and optimized. Primary mixed glial cell cultures were generated from heterozygous CX3CR-1+/EGFP mice, electrically stimulated for 4 h/day over 3 days using 75 μm platinum-iridium microelectrodes, and biomarker immunofluorescence was measured. Electrodes were then imaged on a scanning electron microscope to assess sustained electrode damage. Fluorescence and electron microscopy analyses suggest varying degrees of localized responses for each biomarker assayed (Hoescht, EGFP, GFAP, and IL-1β), a result that expands on comparable in vivo models. This system allows for the comparison of a breadth of electrical stimulation parameters, and opens another avenue through which neural interfacing device developers can improve biocompatibility and longevity of electrodes in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Tsui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Soroush Mirkiani
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David A. Roszko
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew A. Churchward
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vivian K. Mushahwar
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn G. Todd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute (NMHI), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Urban MW, Charsar BA, Heinsinger NM, Markandaiah SS, Sprimont L, Zhou W, Brown EV, Henderson NT, Thomas SJ, Ghosh B, Cain RE, Trotti D, Pasinelli P, Wright MC, Dalva MB, Lepore AC. EphrinB2 knockdown in cervical spinal cord preserves diaphragm innervation in a mutant SOD1 mouse model of ALS. eLife 2024; 12:RP89298. [PMID: 38224498 PMCID: PMC10945582 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron loss. Importantly, non-neuronal cell types such as astrocytes also play significant roles in disease pathogenesis. However, mechanisms of astrocyte contribution to ALS remain incompletely understood. Astrocyte involvement suggests that transcellular signaling may play a role in disease. We examined contribution of transmembrane signaling molecule ephrinB2 to ALS pathogenesis, in particular its role in driving motor neuron damage by spinal cord astrocytes. In symptomatic SOD1G93A mice (a well-established ALS model), ephrinB2 expression was dramatically increased in ventral horn astrocytes. Reducing ephrinB2 in the cervical spinal cord ventral horn via viral-mediated shRNA delivery reduced motor neuron loss and preserved respiratory function by maintaining phrenic motor neuron innervation of diaphragm. EphrinB2 expression was also elevated in human ALS spinal cord. These findings implicate ephrinB2 upregulation as both a transcellular signaling mechanism in mutant SOD1-associated ALS and a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Urban
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Brittany A Charsar
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nicolette M Heinsinger
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Shashirekha S Markandaiah
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Lindsay Sprimont
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Eric V Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nathan T Henderson
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Samantha J Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Biswarup Ghosh
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Rachel E Cain
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Davide Trotti
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Piera Pasinelli
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Megan C Wright
- Department of Biology, Arcadia UniversityGlensideUnited States
| | - Matthew B Dalva
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane UniversityNew OrleansUnited States
| | - Angelo C Lepore
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
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Saito A, Omura I, Imaizumi K. CREB3L1/OASIS: cell cycle regulator and tumor suppressor. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38215153 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle checkpoints detect DNA errors, eventually arresting the cell cycle to promote DNA repair. Failure of such cell cycle arrest causes aberrant cell proliferation, promoting the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including cancer. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress transducers activate the unfolded protein response, which not only deals with unfolded proteins in ER lumen but also orchestrates diverse physiological phenomena such as cell differentiation and lipid metabolism. Among ER stress transducers, cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 (CREB3L1) [also known as old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS)] is an ER-resident transmembrane transcription factor. This molecule is cleaved by regulated intramembrane proteolysis, followed by activation as a transcription factor. OASIS is preferentially expressed in specific cells, including astrocytes and osteoblasts, to regulate their differentiation. In accordance with its name, OASIS was originally identified as being upregulated in long-term-cultured astrocytes undergoing cell cycle arrest because of replicative stress. In the context of cell cycle regulation, previously unknown physiological roles of OASIS have been discovered. OASIS is activated as a transcription factor in response to DNA damage to induce p21-mediated cell cycle arrest. Although p21 is directly induced by the master regulator of the cell cycle, p53, no crosstalk occurs between p21 induction by OASIS or p53. Here, we summarize previously unknown cell cycle regulation by ER-resident transcription factor OASIS, particularly focusing on commonalities and differences in cell cycle arrest between OASIS and p53. This review also mentions tumorigenesis caused by OASIS dysfunctions, and OASIS's potential as a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Issei Omura
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Kim WK, Kang BJ. Transplantation of Heat-Shock Preconditioned Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Combined with RGD-Functionalised Hydrogel Promotes Spinal Cord Functional Recovery in a Rat Hemi-Transection Model. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:283-300. [PMID: 37821771 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation in spinal cord injury (SCI) is a potential treatment that supports regeneration by promoting neuroprotection, remyelination, and neurite outgrowth. However, glial scarring hinders neuroregeneration and reduces the efficiency of cell transplantation. The present study aimed to enhance this neuroregeneration by surgically removing the glial scar and transplanting heat-shock (HS) preconditioned NSPCs in combination with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-functionalised hydrogel in a rat spinal cord hemi-transection model. METHODS Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats underwent spinal cord hemi-transection and were randomly divided into three treatment groups: hydrogel implantation (control group), NSPC-encapsulated hydrogel implantation, and HS-NSPC-encapsulated hydrogel implantation. HS preconditioning was applied to the NSPCs to reinforce cell retention and an RGD-functionalised hydrogel was used as a biomatrix. RESULTS In vitro culture showed that preconditioned NSPCs highly differentiated into neurons and oligodendrocytes and exhibited higher proliferation and neurite outgrowth in hydrogels. Rats in the HS-NSPC-encapsulated hydrogel implantation group showed significantly improved functional recovery, neuronal and oligodendrocyte differentiation of transplanted cells, remyelination, and low fibrotic scar formation. CONCLUSIONS The surgical removal of the glial scar in combination with HS-preconditioning and RGD-functionalised hydrogels should be considered as a new paradigm in NSPC transplantation for spinal cord regeneration treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Keyoung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Lojek NM, Williams VA, Rogers AM, Sajo E, Black BJ, Ghezzi CE. A 3D In Vitro Cortical Tissue Model Based on Dense Collagen to Study the Effects of Gamma Radiation on Neuronal Function. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301123. [PMID: 37921265 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies on gamma radiation-induced injury have long been focused on hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems, yet little is known about the effects of gamma radiation on the function of human cortical tissue. The challenge in studying radiation-induced cortical injury is, in part, due to a lack of human tissue models and physiologically relevant readouts. Here, a physiologically relevant 3D collagen-based cortical tissue model (CTM) is developed for studying the functional response of human iPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes to a sub-lethal radiation exposure (5 Gy). Cytotoxicity, DNA damage, morphology, and extracellular electrophysiology are quantified. It is reported that 5 Gy exposure significantly increases cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and astrocyte reactivity while significantly decreasing neurite length and neuronal network activity. Additionally, it is found that clinically deployed radioprotectant amifostine ameliorates the DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and astrocyte reactivity. The CTM provides a critical experimental platform to understand cell-level mechanisms by which gamma radiation (GR) affects human cortical tissue and to screen prospective radioprotectant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal M Lojek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Victoria A Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Andrew M Rogers
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Erno Sajo
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Bryan J Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Chiara E Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Li X, Hu Q, Chen X, Luo L, Ai L, Ye J. Astrocytic expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) regulates retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104611. [PMID: 37774941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathological neovascularization is the hallmark of many vascular oculopathies. There is still a great deal of uncertainty surrounding retinal neovascularization research. A working hypothesis that astrocytic Yes-associated protein (YAP) act as a key factor in retinal neovascularization was proposed. And our study was conducted to verified this hypothesis. In vivo, we successfully generated mice deficient in YAP in astrocytes (YAPf/f GFAP-Cre mice) and set up oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. Pathological neovascularization was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. In vitro, cultured retinal astrocytes were transfected with YAP siRNA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot were used to determine the proteins in the supernatants and cells. The results showed that YAP was upregulated and activated in the OIR mice retinas. Conditional ablation of YAP aggravated pathological neovascularization, along with the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Studies in vitro confirmed that the knockdown of YAP in astrocytes lead to increases in VEGF-A and MCP-1 levels, thus enhancing pro-angiogenic capability of YAP-deficit astrocytes. In conclusion, astrocytic YAP alleviates retinal pathological angiogenesis by inhibiting the over-activation of astrocytes, which suppresses excessive VEGF-A production and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiumei Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liqianyu Ai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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31
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Chukai Y, Ito G, Miki Y, Wakabayashi K, Itoh K, Sugano E, Tomita H, Fukuda T, Ozaki T. Role of calpain-5 in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130506. [PMID: 37949151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury exacerbate the prognosis of ischemic diseases. The cause of this exacerbation is partly a mitochondrial cell death pathway. Mitochondrial calpain-5 is proteolyzed/autolyzed under endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting in inflammatory caspase-4 activation. However, the role of calpain-5 in I/R injury remains unclear. We hypothesized that calpain-5 is involved in ischemic brain disease. METHODS Mitochondria from C57BL/6J mice were extracted via centrifugation with/without proteinase K treatment. The expression and proteolysis/autolysis of calpain-5 were determined using western blotting. The mouse and human brains with I/R injury were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. HT22 cells were treated with tunicamycin and CAPN5 siRNA. RESULTS Calpain-5 was expressed in the mitochondria of mouse tissues. Mitochondrial calpain-5 in mouse brains was responsive to calcium earlier than cytosolic calpain-5 in vitro calcium assays and in vivo bilateral common carotid artery occlusion model mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that neurons were positive for calpain-5 in the normal brains of mice and humans. The expression of calpain-5 was increased in reactive astrocytes at human infarction sites. The knockdown of calpain-5 suppressed of cleaved caspase-11. CONCLUSIONS The neurons of human and mouse brains express calpain-5, which is proteolyzed/autolyzed in the mitochondria in the early stage of I/R injury and upregulated in reactive astrocytes in the end-stage. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying I/R injury. Targeting the expression or activity of mitochondrial calpain-5 may suppress the inflammation during I/R injuries such as cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Chukai
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Ginga Ito
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Eriko Sugano
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Taku Ozaki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan.
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McKeever PM, Sababi AM, Sharma R, Khuu N, Xu Z, Shen SY, Xiao S, McGoldrick P, Orouji E, Ketela T, Sato C, Moreno D, Visanji N, Kovacs GG, Keith J, Zinman L, Rogaeva E, Goodarzi H, Bader GD, Robertson J. Single-nucleus multiomic atlas of frontal cortex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with a deep learning-based decoding of alternative polyadenylation mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.22.573083. [PMID: 38187588 PMCID: PMC10769403 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.573083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The understanding of how different cell types contribute to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis is limited. Here we generated a single-nucleus transcriptomic and epigenomic atlas of the frontal cortex of ALS cases with C9orf72 (C9) hexanucleotide repeat expansions and sporadic ALS (sALS). Our findings reveal shared pathways in C9-ALS and sALS, characterized by synaptic dysfunction in excitatory neurons and a disease-associated state in microglia. The disease subtypes diverge with loss of astrocyte homeostasis in C9-ALS, and a more substantial disturbance of inhibitory neurons in sALS. Leveraging high depth 3'-end sequencing, we found a widespread switch towards distal polyadenylation (PA) site usage across ALS subtypes relative to controls. To explore this differential alternative PA (APA), we developed APA-Net, a deep neural network model that uses transcript sequence and expression levels of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to predict cell-type specific APA usage and RBP interactions likely to regulate APA across disease subtypes.
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Tamnanloo F, Ochoa-Sanchez R, Oliveira MM, Lima C, Lépine M, Dubois K, Bosoi C, Tremblay M, Sleno L, Rose CF. Multiple ammonia-induced episodes of hepatic encephalopathy provoke neuronal cell loss in bile-duct ligated rats. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100904. [PMID: 37942225 PMCID: PMC10628859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is defined as a reversible syndrome and therefore should resolve following liver transplantation (LT). However, neurological complications have been reported in up to 47% of LT recipients, which have been documented to be associated with a history of overt HE pre-LT. We hypothesise that multiple episodes of HE lead to permanent cell injury and exacerbate neurological dysfunction. Our goal was to evaluate the impact of cumulative HE episodes on neurological status and brain integrity in rats with chronic liver disease. Methods Episodes of overt HE (loss of righting reflex) were induced following injection of ammonium acetate in bile duct ligation (BDL) rats (BDL-Ammonia) every 4 days starting at week 3 post-BDL. Neurobehaviour was evaluated after the last episode. Upon sacrifice, plasma ammonia, systemic oxidative stress, and inflammation markers were assessed. Neuronal markers including neuron-specific nuclear antigen and SMI311 (anti-neurofilament marker) and apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl2) were measured. Total antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress marker (4-hydroxynonenal), and proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1β) were measured in brain (hippocampus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum). Proteomic analysis was conducted in the hippocampus. Results In hippocampus of BDL-Ammonia rats, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl2 ratio were significantly increased, whereas NeuN and SMI311 were significantly decreased compared with BDL-Vehicle rats. Higher levels of oxidative stress-induced post-translational modified proteins were found in hippocampus of BDL-Ammonia group which were associated with a lower total antioxidant capacity. Conclusions Ammonia-induced episodes of overt HE caused neuronal cell injury/death in BDL rats. These results suggest that multiple bouts of HE can be detrimental on the integrity of the brain, translating to irreversibility and hence neurological complications post-LT. Impact and implications Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is defined as a reversible neuropsychiatric syndrome resolving following liver transplantation (LT); however, ∼47% of patients demonstrate neurological impairments after LT, which are associated with a previous history of overt HE pre-LT. Our study indicates that multiple episodes of overt HE can cause permanent neuronal damage which may lead to neurological complications after LT. Nevertheless, preventing the occurrence of overt HE episodes is critical for reducing the risk of irreversible neuronal injury in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Tamnanloo
- Hepato-Neuro Lab, CRCHUM, Montréal, Canada
- Medicine Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Carina Lima
- Chemistry Department/CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Maggy Lépine
- Chemistry Department/CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Lekha Sleno
- Chemistry Department/CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Christopher F. Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Lab, CRCHUM, Montréal, Canada
- Medicine Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Nowak MK, Kronenberger WG, Rettke D, Ogbeide O, Klemsz LM, Quinn PD, Mickleborough TD, Newman SD, Kawata K. Neuro-ophthalmologic and blood biomarker responses in ADHD following subconcussive head impacts: a case-control trial. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1230463. [PMID: 38076682 PMCID: PMC10710155 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1230463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This clinical trial aimed to determine the influence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on neuro-ophthalmologic function and brain-derived blood biomarkers following acute subconcussive head impacts. Methods The present trial consisted of age- and sex-matched samples with a ratio of 1:1 between two groups with a total sample size of 60 adults (age ± SD; 20.0 ± 1.8 years). Soccer players diagnosed with and medicated daily for ADHD were assigned into an ADHD group (n = 30). Soccer players without ADHD were assigned into a non-ADHD group (n = 30). Participants performed 10 soccer headers with a soccer ball projected at a velocity of 25mph. King-Devick test (KDT), near point of convergence (NPC), and serum levels of NF-L, tau, GFAP, and UCH-L1 were assessed at baseline (pre-heading) and at 2 h and 24 h post-heading. Results There were no statistically significant group-by-time interactions in outcome measures. However, at baseline, the ADHD group exhibited lower neuro-ophthalmologic functions compared to the non-ADHD group (NPC: p = 0.019; KDT: p = 0.018), and persisted at 2 h-post (NPC: p = 0.007; KDT: p = 0.014) and 24 h-post heading (NPC: p = 0.001). NPC significantly worsened over time in both groups compared to baseline [ADHD: 2 h-post, 1.23 cm, 95%CI:(0.77, 1.69), p < 0.001; 24 h-post, 1.68 cm, 95%CI:(1.22, 2.13), p = 0.001; Non-ADHD: 2 h-post, 0.96 cm, 95%CI:(0.50, 1.42), p < 0.001; 24 h-post, 1.09 cm, 95%CI:(0.63, 1.55), p < 0.001]. Conversely, improvements in KDT time compared to baseline occurred at 2 h-post in the non-ADHD group [-1.32 s, 95%CI:(-2.55, -0.09), p = 0.04] and at 24 h-post in both groups [ADHD: -4.66 s, 95%CI:(-5.89, -3.43), p < 0.001; Non-ADHD: -3.46 s, 95%CI:(-4.69, -2.23), p < 0.001)]. There were no group-by-time interactions for GFAP as both groups exhibited increased levels at 2 h-post [ADHD: 7.75 pg./mL, 95%CI:(1.41, 14.10), p = 0.019; Non-ADHD: 7.91 pg./mL, 95%CI:(1.71, 14.14), p = 0.015)] that returned to baseline at 24 h-post. NF-L levels increased at 2 h-post heading in the ADHD group [0.45 pg./mL, 95%CI:(0.05, 0.86), p = 0.032], but no significant NF-L changes were observed in the non-ADHD group over time. Discussion Ten soccer headers elevated GFAP levels and NPC impairment in both groups. However, persisting group difference in NPC, blunted KDT performance, and increased NF-L levels in the ADHD group suggest that ADHD may reduce neuro-ophthalmologic function and heighten axonal response to soccer headers. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier ID: (NCT04880304).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine K. Nowak
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - William G. Kronenberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Devin Rettke
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Osamudiamen Ogbeide
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lillian M. Klemsz
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Patrick D. Quinn
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Timothy D. Mickleborough
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Sharlene D. Newman
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Keisuke Kawata
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Gao X, You Z, Huang C, Liu Z, Tan Z, Li J, Liu Y, Liu X, Wei F, Fan Z, Qi S, Sun J. NCBP1 Improves Cognitive Function in Mice by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Neuronal Loss, and Glial Activation After Status Epilepticus. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6676-6688. [PMID: 37474884 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a severe manifestation of epilepsy which can cause neurologic injury and death. This study aimed to identify key proteins involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and find a potential drug target for SE treatment. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic analysis was applied to screen differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in epilepsy. The adeno-associated virus was employed to overexpress candidate DEP in mice, and kainic acid (KA) was used to generate a mouse model of epilepsy. Then histopathological examination of the hippocampal tissue was performed, and the inflammatory factors levels in serum and hippocampus were measured. The IP-MS analysis was carried out to identify the interacting protein of nuclear cap-binding protein 1 (NCBP1). The results were that NCBP1 was downregulated in the epileptic hippocampus. NCBP1 overexpression alleviated KA-induced cognitive impairment in mice and reduced the apoptosis and damage of hippocampal neurons. Additionally, overexpressed NCBP1 increased the expression of NeuN and reduced the expression of GFAP and IBA-1 in the hippocampus of the mice. Further study indicated that NCBP1 overexpression inhibited the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in serum and hippocampus as well as MDA and LDH in the hippocampus, whereas it increased the SOD levels, suggesting that overexpression of NCBP1 could diminish KA-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. The IP-MS analysis identified that ELAVL4 was the NCBP1-interacting protein. In conclusion, this finding suggests that NCBP1 may potentially serve as a drug target for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhipeng You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zixiao Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiran Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xingan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhijie Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sihua Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jiahang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Urban MW, Charsar BA, Heinsinger NM, Markandaiah SS, Sprimont L, Zhou W, Brown EV, Henderson NT, Thomas SJ, Ghosh B, Cain RE, Trotti D, Pasinelli P, Wright MC, Dalva MB, Lepore AC. EphrinB2 knockdown in cervical spinal cord preserves diaphragm innervation in a mutant SOD1 mouse model of ALS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.10.538887. [PMID: 37215009 PMCID: PMC10197713 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.10.538887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron loss. Importantly, non-neuronal cell types such as astrocytes also play significant roles in disease pathogenesis. However, mechanisms of astrocyte contribution to ALS remain incompletely understood. Astrocyte involvement suggests that transcellular signaling may play a role in disease. We examined contribution of transmembrane signaling molecule ephrinB2 to ALS pathogenesis, in particular its role in driving motor neuron damage by spinal cord astrocytes. In symptomatic SOD1-G93A mice (a well-established ALS model), ephrinB2 expression was dramatically increased in ventral horn astrocytes. Reducing ephrinB2 in the cervical spinal cord ventral horn via viral-mediated shRNA delivery reduced motor neuron loss and preserved respiratory function by maintaining phrenic motor neuron innervation of diaphragm. EphrinB2 expression was also elevated in human ALS spinal cord. These findings implicate ephrinB2 upregulation as both a transcellular signaling mechanism in mutant SOD1-associated ALS and a promising therapeutic target.
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Sámano C, Mazzone GL. The role of astrocytes response triggered by hyperglycaemia during spinal cord injury. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37798949 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2264538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This manuscript aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms triggered by reactive astrocytes (RA) in the context of spinal cord injury (SCI), with a particular focus on cases involving hyperglycaemia.Methods: The compilation of articles related to astrocyte responses in neuropathological conditions, with a specific emphasis on those related to SCI and hyperglycaemia, was conducted by searching through databases including Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed.Results and Conclusions: This article explores the dual role of astrocytes in both neurophysiological and neurodegenerative conditions within the central nervous system (CNS). In the aftermath of SCI and hyperglycaemia, astrocytes undergo a transformation into RA, adopting a distinct phenotype. While there are currently no approved therapies for SCI, various therapeutic strategies have been proposed to alleviate the detrimental effects of RAs following SCI and hyperglycemia. These strategies show promising potential in the treatment of SCI and its likely comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sámano
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Ciudad de México, México
| | - G L Mazzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Su H, Chen H, Zhang X, Su S, Li J, Guo Y, Wang Q, Xie C, Yang P. Electroacupuncture ameliorates pain in cervical spondylotic radiculopathy rat by inhibiting the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway and regulating spinal synaptic plasticity. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3177. [PMID: 37548586 PMCID: PMC10570470 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central sensitization is one of the important mechanisms underlying neuropathic and radicular pain due to cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). Recent studies have shown that the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway mediates central sensitization through its involvement in spinal cord synaptic plasticity. Our group has previously found that electroacupuncture (EA) has a good analgesic effect on CSR. However, the central analgesic mechanism of EA for CSR is not yet clear. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into Blank group, Sham-operated group, CSR group, and EA group. We prepared the CSR rat model using the fish wire extrusion method. The behavioral and mechanical pain thresholds of the rats in each group were measured 5 days after successful modeling and 7 days after the intervention. The first intervention was started 5 days after successful modeling, and the EA group was treated by acupuncture at the bilateral LI4 and LR3 points on the same side as one group, connected to a G6805-I electroacupuncture apparatus with continuous waves at 1.5 Hz. The remaining groups were not subjected to EA intervention. The treatment was administered once a day for 7 consecutive days and then executed. We used WB, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR to detect the expression of CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway-related factors in the synaptic of rat spinal cord in each group. RESULTS EA improved pain threshold and motor function in CSR rats, inhibited the expression of BDNF, P-TrkB, CAMKII, and P-CREB in spinal cord synapses, reduced the expression of pain factor c-fos and postsynaptic membrane protein molecule neuroligin2, exerted a modulating effect on spinal cord synaptic plasticity in CSR rats, and suppressed the overactive synaptic efficacy. CONCLUSION EA mediates central sensitization and exerts analgesic effects on CSR by modulating spinal synaptic plasticity, which may be related to the inhibition of CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- The first school of clinical medicine, Guangxi of university of Chinese medicineNanningChina
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of nursingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
| | - Xi Zhang
- The first school of clinical medicine, Guangxi of university of Chinese medicineNanningChina
| | - Shengyong Su
- Department of Acupuncture and MoxibustionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
| | - Jing Li
- The first school of clinical medicine, Guangxi of university of Chinese medicineNanningChina
| | - Yanjun Guo
- The first school of clinical medicine, Guangxi of university of Chinese medicineNanningChina
| | - Qiongxiao Wang
- The first school of clinical medicine, Guangxi of university of Chinese medicineNanningChina
| | - Caiyun Xie
- The first school of clinical medicine, Guangxi of university of Chinese medicineNanningChina
| | - Pu Yang
- The first school of clinical medicine, Guangxi of university of Chinese medicineNanningChina
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Guerin SP, Melbourne JK, Dang HQ, Shaji CA, Nixon K. Astrocyte Reactivity and Neurodegeneration in the Female Rat Brain Following Alcohol Dependence. Neuroscience 2023; 529:183-199. [PMID: 37598836 PMCID: PMC10810177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that alcohol use disorder (AUD) may manifest itself differently in women compared to men. Women experience AUDs on an accelerated timeline and may have certain regional vulnerabilities. In male rats, neuronal cell death and astrocyte reactivity are noted following induction of alcohol dependence in an animal model of an AUD. However, the regional and temporal patterns of neurodegeneration and astrocyte reactivity have yet to be fully examined in females using this model. Therefore, adult female rats were exposed to a 4-day binge model of alcohol dependence followed by different periods of abstinence. Histological markers for FluoroJade B, a label of degenerating neurons, and vimentin, a marker for reactive astrocytes, were utilized. The expression of these markers in cortical and limbic regions was quantified immediately after their last dose (e.g., T0), or 2, 7, and 14 days later. Significant neuronal cell death was noted in the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus, similar to previous reports in males, but also in several cortical regions not previously observed. Vimentin immunoreactivity was noted in the same regions as previously reported, in addition to three novel regions. Vimentin immunoreactivity also occurred at earlier and later time points in some cortical and hippocampal regions. These data suggest that both neuronal cell death and astrocyte reactivity could be more widespread in females compared to males. Therefore, this study provides a framework for specific regions and time points which should be examined in future studies of alcohol-induced damage that include female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Guerin
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer K Melbourne
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Huy Q Dang
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Chinchusha Anasooya Shaji
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- The University of Texas at Austin, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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Plummer AM, Matos YL, Lin HC, Ryman SG, Birg A, Quinn DK, Parada AN, Vakhtin AA. Gut-brain pathogenesis of post-acute COVID-19 neurocognitive symptoms. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1232480. [PMID: 37841680 PMCID: PMC10568482 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1232480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately one third of non-hospitalized coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients report chronic symptoms after recovering from the acute stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Some of the most persistent and common complaints of this post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) are cognitive in nature, described subjectively as "brain fog" and also objectively measured as deficits in executive function, working memory, attention, and processing speed. The mechanisms of these chronic cognitive sequelae are currently not understood. SARS-CoV-2 inflicts damage to cerebral blood vessels and the intestinal wall by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and also by evoking production of high levels of systemic cytokines, compromising the brain's neurovascular unit, degrading the intestinal barrier, and potentially increasing the permeability of both to harmful substances. Such substances are hypothesized to be produced in the gut by pathogenic microbiota that, given the profound effects COVID-19 has on the gastrointestinal system, may fourish as a result of intestinal post-COVID-19 dysbiosis. COVID-19 may therefore create a scenario in which neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory substances readily proliferate from the gut lumen and encounter a weakened neurovascular unit, gaining access to the brain and subsequently producing cognitive deficits. Here, we review this proposed PACS pathogenesis along the gut-brain axis, while also identifying specific methodologies that are currently available to experimentally measure each individual component of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Plummer
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yvette L. Matos
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Henry C. Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sephira G. Ryman
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Aleksandr Birg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Davin K. Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alisha N. Parada
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Andrei A. Vakhtin
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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41
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Brunelli S, Giannella E, Bizzaglia M, De Angelis D, Sancesario GM. Secondary neurodegeneration following Stroke: what can blood biomarkers tell us? Front Neurol 2023; 14:1198216. [PMID: 37719764 PMCID: PMC10502514 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1198216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and the primary source of disability in adults, resulting in neuronal necrosis of ischemic areas, and in possible secondary degeneration of regions surrounding or distant to the initial damaged area. Secondary neurodegeneration (SNDG) following stroke has been shown to have different pathogenetic origins including inflammation, neurovascular response and cytotoxicity, but can be associated also to regenerative processes. Aside from focal neuronal loss, ipsilateral and contralateral effects distal to the lesion site, disruptions of global functional connectivity and a transcallosal diaschisis have been reported in the chronic stages after stroke. Furthermore, SNDG can be observed in different areas not directly connected to the primary lesion, such as thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, substantia nigra, corpus callosum, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus, which can be highlighted by neuroimaging techniques. Although the clinical relevance of SNDG following stroke has not been well understood, the identification of specific biomarkers that reflect the brain response to the damage, is of paramount importance to investigate in vivo the different phases of stroke. Actually, brain-derived markers, particularly neurofilament light chain, tau protein, S100b, in post-stroke patients have yielded promising results. This review focuses on cerebral morphological modifications occurring after a stroke, on associated cellular and molecular changes and on state-of-the-art of biomarkers in acute and chronic phase. Finally, we discuss new perspectives regarding the implementation of blood-based biomarkers in clinical practice to improve the rehabilitation approaches and post stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Brunelli
- NeuroRehabilitation Unit 4, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Giannella
- Clinical Neurochemistry Unit and Biobank, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Bizzaglia
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Zhu Y, Wang R, Pappas AC, Seifert P, Savol A, Sadreyev RI, Sun D, Jakobs TC. Astrocytes in the Optic Nerve Are Heterogeneous in Their Reactivity to Glaucomatous Injury. Cells 2023; 12:2131. [PMID: 37681863 PMCID: PMC10486930 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The optic nerve head is thought to be the site of initial injury to retinal ganglion cell injury in glaucoma. In the initial segment of the optic nerve directly behind the globe, the ganglion cell axons are unmyelinated and come into direct contact to astrocytes, suggesting that astrocytes may play a role in the pathology of glaucoma. As in other parts of the CNS, optic nerve head astrocytes respond to injury by characteristic changes in cell morphology and gene expression profile. Using RNA-sequencing of glaucomatous optic nerve heads, single-cell PCR, and an in-vivo assay, we demonstrate that an up-regulation of astrocytic phagocytosis is an early event after the onset of increased intraocular pressure. We also show that astrocytes in the glial lamina of the optic nerve are apparently functionally heterogeneous. At any time, even in naïve nerves, some of the cells show signs of reactivity-process hypertrophy, high phagocytic activity, and expression of genetic markers of reactivity whereas neighboring cells apparently are inactive. A period of increased intraocular pressure moves more astrocytes towards the reactive phenotype; however, some cells remain unreactive even in glaucomatous nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, 1651 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an 710002, China
| | - Anthony C. Pappas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Philip Seifert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrej Savol
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tatjana C. Jakobs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Jacques MT, de Souza V, Barbosa FAR, Faria Santos Canto R, Lopes SC, Prediger RD, Braga AL, Aschner M, Farina M. Novel Probucol Analogue, 4,4'-Diselanediylbis (2,6-Di- tert-Butylphenol), Prevents Oxidative Glutamate Neurotoxicity In Vitro and Confers Neuroprotection in a Rodent Model of Ischemic Stroke. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2857-2867. [PMID: 37499207 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative glutamate toxicity is regarded as one of the injurious mechanisms associated with ischemic stroke, which represents a major health problem and requires improved pharmacological treatments. We designed and synthesized two new probucol analogues [2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-selenocyanatophenol (C1) and 4,4'-diselanediylbis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) (C2)] and investigated their effects against glutamate-induced neuronal oxidative toxicity in vitro in cultured HT22 cells, compared with their parental compound (probucol). In addition, C2, which exhibited the lowest toxicity, was investigated in an in vivo rodent model of ischemic stroke. Glutamate caused concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in HT22 neuronal cells, which was preceded by increased levels of oxidants and depletion of the antioxidant glutathione. The analogues (C1 and C2), but not probucol, significantly decreased the levels of oxidants (including mitochondrial superoxide anion and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and protected against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. In the in vivo model of ischemic stroke, which was based on central injections of the vasoconstrictor agent endothelin-1 (800 pmol/site), C2 (20 or 50 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally, for 4 consecutive days after stroke) displayed significant beneficial effects against ischemic injury in vivo, improving rats' motor-related behavioral skills and decreasing stroke-related striatal gliosis. This is the first study to design, synthesize, and present a probucol analogue (C2) with in vivo beneficial effects against ischemic stroke. This novel compound, which was able to mitigate glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity in vitro, represents a promising neuroprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Tavares Jacques
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Viviane de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Rômulo Faria Santos Canto
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil
| | - Samantha Cristiane Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luiz Braga
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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Bark L, Larsson IM, Wallin E, Simrén J, Zetterberg H, Lipcsey M, Frithiof R, Rostami E, Hultström M. Central nervous system biomarkers GFAp and NfL associate with post-acute cognitive impairment and fatigue following critical COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13144. [PMID: 37573366 PMCID: PMC10423244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A high proportion of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience post-acute COVID-19, including neuropsychiatric symptoms. Objective signs of central nervous system (CNS) damage can be investigated using CNS biomarkers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp), neurofilament light chain (NfL) and total tau (t-tau). We have examined whether CNS biomarkers can predict fatigue and cognitive impairment 3-6 months after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Fifty-seven COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU were included with analysis of CNS biomarkers in blood at the ICU and at follow up. Cognitive dysfunction and fatigue were assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Multidimensional Fatigue inventory (MFI-20). Elevated GFAp at follow-up 3-6 months after ICU discharge was associated to the development of mild cognitive dysfunction (p = 0.01), especially in women (p = 0.005). Patients who experienced different dimensions of fatigue at follow-up had significantly lower GFAp in both the ICU and at follow-up, specifically in general fatigue (p = 0.009), physical fatigue (p = 0.004), mental fatigue (p = 0.001), and reduced motivation (p = 0.001). Women showed a more pronounced decrease in GFAp compared to men, except for in mental fatigue where men showed a more pronounced GFAp decrease compared to women. NfL concentration at follow-up was lower in patients who experienced reduced motivation (p = 0.004). Our findings suggest that GFAp and NfL are associated with neuropsychiatric outcome after critical COVID-19.Trial registration The study was registered à priori (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04316884 registered on 2020-03-13 and NCT04474249 registered on 2020-06-29).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Bark
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entr. 70, Floor 2, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ing-Marie Larsson
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entr. 70, Floor 2, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ewa Wallin
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entr. 70, Floor 2, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Simrén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miklos Lipcsey
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entr. 70, Floor 2, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entr. 70, Floor 2, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elham Rostami
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Hultström
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Entr. 70, Floor 2, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
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45
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Holden JM, Wareham LK, Calkins DJ. Retinal astrocyte morphology predicts integration of vascular and neuronal architecture. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1244679. [PMID: 37621717 PMCID: PMC10445659 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1244679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are important regulators of blood flow and play a key role in the response to injury and disease in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite having an understanding that structural changes to these cells have consequences for local neurovascular physiology, individual astrocyte morphology remains largely unexplored in the retina. Here, we used MORF3 mice to capture full membranous morphology for over fifteen hundred individual astrocytes in the mouse retina, a highly metabolically active component of the CNS. We demonstrate that retinal astrocytes have been misrepresented as stellate in morphology due to marker use like GFAP and S100β which underestimates cell complexity. We also find that astrocytes contain recurring morphological motifs which are predictive of the underlying neurovascular architecture of the inner retina and suggestive of function. These motifs predict fine sampling and integration of retinal ganglion cell electrical activity with consequences for blood flow regulation. Additionally, our data shows that astrocytes participate in neurovascular interactions to a much greater degree than currently reported. 100% of cells contact the vasculature through one of three mutually exclusive classes of connections. Similarly, 100% of cells contact some neuronal element, be it an RGC axon or soma. Finally, we report that astrocyte morphology depends on retinal eccentricity, with cells appearing compressed near the nerve head and in the periphery. These results reveal a large degree of astrocyte morphological complexity that informs their contribution to neurovascular coupling in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Holden
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Lauren K. Wareham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David J. Calkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Marghani BH, Rezk S, Ateya AI, Alotaibi BS, Othman BH, Sayed SM, Alshehri MA, Shukry M, Mansour MM. The Effect of Cerebrolysin in an Animal Model of Forebrain Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury: New Insights into the Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/Antioxidant Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12080. [PMID: 37569457 PMCID: PMC10418386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Forebrain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury causes neurological impairments due to decreased cerebral autoregulation, hypoperfusion, and edema in the hours to days following the restoration of spontaneous circulation. This study aimed to examine the protective and/or therapeutic effects of cerebrolysin (CBL) in managing forebrain IR injury and any probable underlying mechanisms. To study the contribution of reperfusion to forebrain injury, we developed a transient dual carotid artery ligation (tDCAL/IR) mouse model. Five equal groups of six BLC57 mice were created: Group 1: control group (no surgery was performed); Group 2: sham surgery (surgery was performed without IR); Group 3: tDCAL/IR (surgery with IR via permanently ligating the left CA and temporarily closing the right CA for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 72 h); Group 4: CBL + tDCAL/IR (CBL was given intravenously at a 60 mg/kg BW dose 30 min before IR); and Group 5: tDCAL/IR + CBL (CBL was administered i.v. at 60 mg/kg BW three hours after IR). At 72 h following IR, the mice were euthanized. CBL administration 3 h after IR improved neurological functional recovery, enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, alleviated apoptotic neuronal death, and inhibited reactive microglial and astrocyte activation, resulting in neuroprotection after IR injury in the tDCAL/IR + CBL mice group as compared to the other groups. Furthermore, CBL reduced the TLRs/NF-kB/cytokines while activating the Keap1/Nrf2/antioxidant signaling pathway. These results indicate that CBL may improve neurologic function in mice following IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma H. Marghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, El Tor 46612, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Rezk
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Ateya
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma H. Othman
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Samy M. Sayed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Department of Science and Technology, Ranyah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Alshehri
- Biology Department, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Mansour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Park JH, Hwang JW, Lee HJ, Jang GM, Jeong YJ, Cho J, Seo J, Hoe HS. Lomerizine inhibits LPS-mediated neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation by modulating NLRP3, DYRK1A, and GSK3α/β. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150940. [PMID: 37435081 PMCID: PMC10331167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lomerizine is a calcium channel blocker that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used clinically in the treatment of migraines. However, whether lomerizine is beneficial in modulating neuroinflammatory responses has not been tested yet. Methods To assess the potential of lomerizine for repurposing as a treatment for neuroinflammation, we investigated the effects of lomerizine on LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in BV2 microglial cells, Alzheimer's disease (AD) excitatory neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and in LPS-treated wild type mice. Results In BV2 microglial cells, lomerizine pretreatment significantly reduced LPS-evoked proinflammatory cytokine and NLRP3 mRNA levels. Similarly, lomerizine pretreatment significantly suppressed the increases in Iba-1, GFAP, proinflammatory cytokine and NLRP3 expression induced by LPS in wild-type mice. In addition, lomerizine posttreatment significantly decreased LPS-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine and SOD2 mRNA levels in BV2 microglial cells and/or wild-type mice. In LPS-treated wild-type mice and AD excitatory neurons differentiated from iPSCs, lomerizine pretreatment ameliorated tau hyperphosphorylation. Finally, lomerizine abolished the LPS-mediated activation of GSK3α/β and upregulation of DYRK1A, which is responsible for tau hyperphosphorylation, in wild-type mice. Discussion These data suggest that lomerizine attenuates LPS-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and tau hyperphosphorylation and is a potential drug for neuroinflammation- or tauopathy-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Hwang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Mi Jang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Cho
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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48
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Tang H, Li Y, Tang W, Zhu J, Parker GC, Zhang JH. Endogenous Neural Stem Cell-induced Neurogenesis after Ischemic Stroke: Processes for Brain Repair and Perspectives. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:297-303. [PMID: 36057034 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a very common cerebrovascular accident that occurred in adults and causes higher risk of neural deficits. After ischemic stroke, patients are often left with severe neurological deficits. Therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke might mitigate neuronal loss due to delayed neural cell death in the penumbra or seek to replace dead neural cells in the ischemic core. Currently, stem cell therapy is the most promising approach for inducing neurogenesis for neural repair after ischemic stroke. Stem cell treatments include transplantation of exogenous stem cells but also stimulating endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation and differentiation into neural cells. In this review, we will discuss endogenous NSCs-induced neurogenesis after ischemic stroke and provide perspectives for the therapeutic effects of endogenous NSCs in ischemic stroke. Our review would inform future therapeutic development not only for patients with ischemic stroke but also with other neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosurgery, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China.
| | - Graham C Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, 11041 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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Vangansewinkel T, Lemmens S, Tiane A, Geurts N, Dooley D, Vanmierlo T, Pejler G, Hendrix S. Therapeutic administration of mouse mast cell protease 6 improves functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury in mice by promoting remyelination and reducing glial scar formation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22939. [PMID: 37130013 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201942rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) most often leads to permanent paralysis due to the inability of axons to regenerate in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). In the past, we have shown that mast cells (MCs) improve the functional outcome after SCI by suppressing scar tissue formation at the lesion site via mouse mast cell protease 6 (mMCP6). In this study, we investigated whether recombinant mMCP6 can be used therapeutically to improve the functional outcome after SCI. Therefore, we applied mMCP6 locally via an intrathecal catheter in the subacute phase after a spinal cord hemisection injury in mice. Our findings showed that hind limb motor function was significantly improved in mice that received recombinant mMCP6 compared with the vehicle-treated group. In contrast to our previous findings in mMCP6 knockout mice, the lesion size and expression levels of the scar components fibronectin, laminin, and axon-growth-inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans were not affected by the treatment with recombinant mMCP6. Surprisingly, no difference in infiltration of CD4+ T cells and reactivity of Iba-1+ microglia/macrophages at the lesion site was observed between the mMCP6-treated mice and control mice. Additionally, local protein levels of the pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFNγ, and MCP-1 were comparable between the two treatment groups, indicating that locally applied mMCP6 did not affect inflammatory processes after injury. However, the increase in locomotor performance in mMCP6-treated mice was accompanied by reduced demyelination and astrogliosis in the perilesional area after SCI. Consistently, we found that TNF-α/IL-1β-astrocyte activation was decreased and that oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation was increased after recombinant mMCP6 treatment in vitro. Mechanistically, this suggests effects of mMCP6 on reducing astrogliosis and improving (re)myelination in the spinal cord after injury. In conclusion, these data show for the first time that recombinant mMCP6 is therapeutically active in enhancing recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vangansewinkel
- Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Lemmens
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Assia Tiane
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Geurts
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dearbhaile Dooley
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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50
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Kim JH, Han J, Afridi R, Kim JH, Rahman MH, Park DH, Lee WS, Song GJ, Suk K. A multiplexed siRNA screen identifies key kinase signaling networks of brain glia. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201605. [PMID: 36878638 PMCID: PMC9990460 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic behaviors of brain glial cells in various neuroinflammatory conditions and neurological disorders have been reported; however, little is known about the underlying intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we developed a multiplexed kinome-wide siRNA screen to identify the kinases regulating several inflammatory phenotypes of mouse glial cells in culture, including inflammatory activation, migration, and phagocytosis of glia. Subsequent proof-of-concept experiments involving genetic and pharmacological inhibitions indicated the importance of T-cell receptor signaling components in microglial activation and a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in astrocyte migration. This time- and cost-effective multiplexed kinome siRNA screen efficiently provides exploitable drug targets and novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic regulation of glial cells and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the kinases identified in this screen may be relevant in other inflammatory diseases and cancer, wherein kinases play a critical role in disease signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Neuracle Science Co., Ltd. Seoul, Republic Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Republic Korea; Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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