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Peterson K, Turos-Cabal M, Salvador AD, Palomo-Caturla I, Howell AJ, Vieira ME, Greiner SM, Barnoud T, Rodriguez-Blanco J. Mechanistic insights into medulloblastoma relapse. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 260:108673. [PMID: 38857789 PMCID: PMC11270902 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children, with medulloblastoma (MB) being the most common type. A better understanding of these malignancies has led to their classification into four major molecular subgroups. This classification not only facilitates the stratification of clinical trials, but also the development of more effective therapies. Despite recent progress, approximately 30% of children diagnosed with MB experience tumor relapse. Recurrent disease in MB is often metastatic and responds poorly to current therapies. As a result, only a small subset of patients with recurrent MB survive beyond one year. Due to its dismal prognosis, novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing or managing recurrent disease are urgently needed. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind treatment failure in MB, as well as those characterizing recurrent cases. We also propose avenues for how these findings can be used to better inform personalized medicine approaches for the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent MB. Lastly, we discuss the treatments currently being evaluated for MB patients, with special emphasis on those targeting MB by subgroup at diagnosis and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendell Peterson
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Maria Turos-Cabal
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - April D Salvador
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Ashley J Howell
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Megan E Vieira
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sean M Greiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thibaut Barnoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jezabel Rodriguez-Blanco
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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2
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Zuo Y, Hou Y, Wang Y, Yuan L, Cheng L, Zhang T. Circadian misalignment impairs oligodendrocyte myelination via Bmal1 overexpression leading to anxiety and depression-like behaviors. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12935. [PMID: 38241675 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Circadian misalignment (CM) caused by shift work can increase the risk of mood impairment. However, the pathological mechanisms underlying these deficits remain unclear. In the present study, we used long-term variable photoperiod (L-VP) in wild-type mice to better simulate real-life shift patterns and study its effects on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, which are closely related to mood function. The results showed that exposure to L-VP altered the activity/rest rhythms of mice, by eliciting phase delay and decreased amplitude of the rhythms. Mice with CM developed anxiety and depression-like manifestations and the number of mature oligodendrocytes (OL) was reduced in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampal CA1 regions. Mood impairment and OL reduction worsened with increased exposure time to L-VP, while normal photoperiod restoration had no effect. Mechanistically, we identified upregulation of Bmal1 in the PFC and hippocampal regions of CM mice at night, when genes related to mature OL and myelination should be highly expressed. CM mice exhibited significant inhibition of the protein kinase B (AKT)/mTOR signaling pathway, which is directly associated to OL differentiation and maturation. Furthermore, we demonstrated in the OL precursor cell line Oli-Neu that overexpression of Bmal1 inhibits AKT/mTOR pathway and reduces the expression of genes OL differentiation. In conclusion, BMAL1 might play a critical role in CM, providing strong research evidence for BMAL1 as a potential target for CM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zuo
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Boai Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yunlei Wang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Boai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linran Yuan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Boai Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lingna Cheng
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Boai Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Boai Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Hardt R, Dehghani A, Schoor C, Gödderz M, Cengiz Winter N, Ahmadi S, Sharma R, Schork K, Eisenacher M, Gieselmann V, Winter D. Proteomic investigation of neural stem cell to oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation reveals phosphorylation-dependent Dclk1 processing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:260. [PMID: 37594553 PMCID: PMC10439241 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are generated via a two-step mechanism from pluripotent neural stem cells (NSCs): after differentiation of NSCs to oligodendrocyte precursor/NG2 cells (OPCs), they further develop into mature oligodendrocytes. The first step of this differentiation process is only incompletely understood. In this study, we utilized the neurosphere assay to investigate NSC to OPC differentiation in a time course-dependent manner by mass spectrometry-based (phospho-) proteomics. We identify doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1) as one of the most prominently regulated proteins in both datasets, and show that it undergoes a gradual transition between its short/long isoform during NSC to OPC differentiation. This is regulated by phosphorylation of its SP-rich region, resulting in inhibition of proteolytic Dclk1 long cleavage, and therefore Dclk1 short generation. Through interactome analyses of different Dclk1 isoforms by proximity biotinylation, we characterize their individual putative interaction partners and substrates. All data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD040652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hardt
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alireza Dehghani
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Carmen Schoor
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Gödderz
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nur Cengiz Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shiva Ahmadi
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Bayer Pharmaceuticals, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karin Schork
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Volkmar Gieselmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominic Winter
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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4
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Li Y, Lim C, Dismuke T, Malawsky DS, Oasa S, Bruce ZC, Offenhäuser C, Baumgartner U, D’Souza RCJ, Edwards SL, French JD, Ock LS, Nair S, Sivakumaran H, Harris L, Tikunov AP, Hwang D, Del Mar Alicea Pauneto C, Maybury M, Hassall T, Wainwright B, Kesari S, Stein G, Piper M, Johns TG, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Terenius L, Vukojević V, Gershon TR, Day BW. Preventing recurrence in Sonic Hedgehog Subgroup Medulloblastoma using the OLIG2 inhibitor CT-179. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2949436. [PMID: 37333134 PMCID: PMC10275055 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2949436/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Recurrence is the primary life-threatening complication for medulloblastoma (MB). In Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-subgroup MB, OLIG2-expressing tumor stem cells drive recurrence. We investigated the anti-tumor potential of the small-molecule OLIG2 inhibitor CT-179, using SHH-MB patient-derived organoids, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors and mice genetically-engineered to develop SHH-MB. CT-179 disrupted OLIG2 dimerization, DNA binding and phosphorylation and altered tumor cell cycle kinetics in vitro and in vivo, increasing differentiation and apoptosis. CT-179 increased survival time in GEMM and PDX models of SHH-MB, and potentiated radiotherapy in both organoid and mouse models, delaying post-radiation recurrence. Single cell transcriptomic studies (scRNA-seq) confirmed that CT-179 increased differentiation and showed that tumors up-regulated Cdk4 post-treatment. Consistent with increased CDK4 mediating CT-179 resistance, CT-179 combined with CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib delayed recurrence compared to either single-agent. These data show that targeting treatment-resistant MB stem cell populations by adding the OLIG2 inhibitor CT-179 to initial MB treatment can reduce recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- These authors contributed equally
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Chaemin Lim
- These authors contributed equally
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-dong, Dongiak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Taylor Dismuke
- These authors contributed equally
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Daniel S. Malawsky
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Sho Oasa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zara C. Bruce
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | | | - Ulrich Baumgartner
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rochelle C. J. D’Souza
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Stacey L. Edwards
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Juliet D. French
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Lucy S.H. Ock
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Sneha Nair
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Haran Sivakumaran
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Lachlan Harris
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrey P. Tikunov
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30323, USA
| | - Duhyeong Hwang
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Coral Del Mar Alicea Pauneto
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mellissa Maybury
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Timothy Hassall
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Oncology Service, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Children’s Health Queensland Hospital & Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | | | - Santosh Kesari
- Curtana Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Austin, TX 78756, United States
| | | | - Michael Piper
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Marina Sokolsky-Papkov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timothy R. Gershon
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30323, USA
| | - Bryan W. Day
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Lead contact
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5
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Becker T, Becker CG. Regenerative neurogenesis: the integration of developmental, physiological and immune signals. Development 2022; 149:275248. [PMID: 35502778 PMCID: PMC9124576 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In fishes and salamanders, but not mammals, neural stem cells switch back to neurogenesis after injury. The signalling environment of neural stem cells is strongly altered by the presence of damaged cells and an influx of immune, as well as other, cells. Here, we summarise our recently expanded knowledge of developmental, physiological and immune signals that act on neural stem cells in the zebrafish central nervous system to directly, or indirectly, influence their neurogenic state. These signals act on several intracellular pathways, which leads to changes in chromatin accessibility and gene expression, ultimately resulting in regenerative neurogenesis. Translational approaches in non-regenerating mammals indicate that central nervous system stem cells can be reprogrammed for neurogenesis. Understanding signalling mechanisms in naturally regenerating species show the path to experimentally promoting neurogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Becker
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at the TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Science, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland
| | - Catherina G Becker
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at the TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Science, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, Scotland
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6
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Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2) regulates the expression of developmental genes and tumorigenesis in ewing sarcoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:2873-2884. [PMID: 35422476 PMCID: PMC9107507 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are difficult to treat and the therapy, even when effective, is associated with long-term and life-threatening side effects. In addition, the treatment regimens for many sarcomas, including Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and osteosarcoma, are relatively unchanged over the past two decades, indicating a critical lack of progress. Although differentiation-based therapies are used for the treatment of some cancers, the application of this approach to sarcomas has proven challenging. Here, using a CRISPR-mediated gene knockout approach, we show that Inhibitor of DNA Binding 2 (ID2) is a critical regulator of developmental-related genes and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo in Ewing sarcoma tumors. We also identified that homoharringtonine, which is an inhibitor of protein translation and FDA-approved for the treatment of leukemia, decreases the level of the ID2 protein and significantly reduces tumor growth and prolongs mouse survival in an Ewing sarcoma xenograft model. Furthermore, in addition to targeting ID2, homoharringtonine also reduces the protein levels of ID1 and ID3, which are additional members of the ID family of proteins with well-described roles in tumorigenesis, in multiple types of cancer. Overall, these results provide insight into developmental regulation in Ewing sarcoma tumors and identify a novel, therapeutic approach to target the ID family of proteins using an FDA-approved drug.
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7
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The Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 OLIG2 regulates transcriptional repression during myelinogenesis in rodents. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1423. [PMID: 35301318 PMCID: PMC8931116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OLIG2 is a transcription factor that activates the expression of myelin-associated genes in the oligodendrocyte-lineage cells. However, the mechanisms of myelin gene inactivation are unclear. Here, we uncover a non-canonical function of OLIG2 in transcriptional repression to modulate myelinogenesis by functionally interacting with tri-methyltransferase SETDB1. Immunoprecipitation and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays show that OLIG2 recruits SETDB1 for H3K9me3 modification on the Sox11 gene, which leads to the inhibition of Sox11 expression during the differentiation of oligodendrocytes progenitor cells (OPCs) into immature oligodendrocytes (iOLs). Tissue-specific depletion of Setdb1 in mice results in the hypomyelination during development and remyelination defects in the injured rodents. Knockdown of Sox11 by siRNA in rat primary OPCs or depletion of Sox11 in the oligodendrocyte lineage in mice could rescue the hypomyelination phenotype caused by the loss of OLIG2. In summary, our work demonstrates that the OLIG2-SETDB1 complex can mediate transcriptional repression in OPCs, affecting myelination. Transcription factors regulate gene programs during myelination. Here, the authors show that the Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 (OLIG2) regulates the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into immature oligodendrocytes via SETDB1 during myelination and remyelination in rodents.
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Yoon H, Triplet EM, Simon WL, Choi CI, Kleppe LS, De Vita E, Miller AK, Scarisbrick IA. Blocking Kallikrein 6 promotes developmental myelination. Glia 2022; 70:430-450. [PMID: 34626143 PMCID: PMC8732303 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Kallikrein related peptidase 6 (Klk6) is a secreted serine protease highly expressed in oligodendrocytes and implicated in demyelinating conditions. To gain insights into the significance of Klk6 to oligodendrocyte biology, we investigated the impact of global Klk6 gene knockout on CNS developmental myelination using the spinal cord of male and female mice as a model. Results demonstrate that constitutive loss of Klk6 expression accelerates oligodendrocyte differentiation developmentally, including increases in the expression of myelin proteins such as MBP, PLP and CNPase, in the number of CC-1+ mature oligodendrocytes, and myelin thickness by the end of the first postnatal week. Co-ordinate elevations in the pro-myelinating signaling pathways ERK and AKT, expression of fatty acid 2-hydroxylase, and myelin regulatory transcription factor were also observed in the spinal cord of 7d Klk6 knockouts. LC/MS/MS quantification of spinal cord lipids showed sphingosine and sphingomyelins to be elevated in Klk6 knockouts at the peak of myelination. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs)-derived from Klk6 knockouts, or wild type OPCs-treated with a Klk6 inhibitor (DFKZ-251), also showed increased MBP and PLP. Moreover, inhibition of Klk6 in OPC cultures enhanced brain derived neurotrophic factor-driven differentiation. Altogether, these findings suggest that oligodendrocyte-derived Klk6 may operate as an autocrine or paracrine rheostat, or brake, on pro-myelinating signaling serving to regulate myelin homeostasis developmentally and in the adult. These findings document for the first time that inhibition of Klk6 globally, or specifically in oligodendrocyte progenitors, is a strategy to increase early stages of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin production in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Yoon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic School of Biomedical Sciences Rochester 55905
| | - Erin M. Triplet
- Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic School of Biomedical Sciences Rochester 55905
| | - Whitney L. Simon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic School of Biomedical Sciences Rochester 55905
| | - Chan-Il Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic School of Biomedical Sciences Rochester 55905
| | - Laurel S. Kleppe
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic School of Biomedical Sciences Rochester 55905
| | - Elena De Vita
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Biosciences, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aubry K. Miller
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isobel A. Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic School of Biomedical Sciences Rochester 55905
- Regenerative Sciences Program, Mayo Clinic School of Biomedical Sciences Rochester 55905
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Minnesota USA 55905
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9
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Zhang Y, Chen Q, Chen D, Zhao W, Wang H, Yang M, Xiang Z, Yuan H. SerpinA3N attenuates ischemic stroke injury by reducing apoptosis and neuroinflammation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:566-579. [PMID: 34897996 PMCID: PMC8928918 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the effect of serine protein inhibitor A3N (serpinA3N) in ischemic stroke and to explore its mechanism of action. Methods Mouse ischemic stroke model was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. The expression pattern of serpinA3N was assessed using immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and real‐time quantitative PCR. An adeno‐associated virus (AAV) and recombinant serpinA3N were administered. Additionally, co‐immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence co‐staining were used to identify protein interactions. Results SerpinA3N was upregulated in astrocytes and neurons within the ischemic penumbra after stroke in the acute phase. The expression of serpinA3N gradually increased 6 h after reperfusion, peaked on the day 2–3, and then decreased by day 7. Overexpression of serpinA3N by AAV significantly reduced the infarct size and improved motor function, associated with alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress. SerpinA3N treatment also reduced apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Co‐immunoprecipitation‐mass spectrometry and Western blotting revealed that clusterin interacts with serpinA3N, and Akt‐mTOR pathway members were upregulated by serpinA3N both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions SerpinA3N is expressed in astrocytes and penumbra neurons after stroke in mice. It reduces brain damage possibly via interacting with clusterin and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianbo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dashuang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghua Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Zhang GY, Lv ZM, Ma HX, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Sun PX, Feng YQ, Li YW, Lu WJ, Yang YD, Yang C, Yu XL, Wang C, Liang SL, Zhang ML, Li HL, Li WL. Chemical approach to generating long-term self-renewing pMN progenitors from human embryonic stem cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 14:6459209. [PMID: 34893854 PMCID: PMC8872822 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord impairment involving motor neuron degeneration and demyelination can cause life-long disabilities, but effective clinical interventions for restoring neurological functions have yet been developed. In early spinal cord development, neural progenitors in the pMN ('progenitors of motor neurons') domain, defined by the expression of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2), in ventral spinal cord first generate motor neurons and then switch the fate to produce myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. Given their differentiation potential, pMN progenitors could be a valuable cell source for cell therapy in relevant neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury. However, fast generation and expansion of pMN progenitors in vitro while conserving their differentiation potential has so far been technically challenging. In this study, based on the chemical screening, we have developed a new recipe for efficient induction of pMN progenitors from human embryonic stem cells. More importantly, these OLIG2+ pMN progenitors can be stably maintained for multiple passages without losing their ability to produce spinal motor neurons and oligodendrocytes rapidly. Our results suggest that these self-renewing pMN progenitors could potentially be useful as a renewable source of cell transplants for spinal cord injury and demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhu-Man Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao-Xin Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ping-Xin Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ya-Wen Li
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wen-Jie Lu
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu-Dong Yang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Xin-Lu Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shu-Long Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wen-Lin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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11
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Wei H, Dong X, You Y, Hai B, Duran RCD, Wu X, Kharas N, Wu JQ. OLIG2 regulates lncRNAs and its own expression during oligodendrocyte lineage formation. BMC Biol 2021; 19:132. [PMID: 34172044 PMCID: PMC8235854 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligodendrocytes, responsible for axon ensheathment, are critical for central nervous system (CNS) development, function, and diseases. OLIG2 is an important transcription factor (TF) that acts during oligodendrocyte development and performs distinct functions at different stages. Previous studies have shown that lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs; > 200 bp) have important functions during oligodendrocyte development, but their roles have not been systematically characterized and their regulation is not yet clear. RESULTS We performed an integrated study of genome-wide OLIG2 binding and the epigenetic modification status of both coding and non-coding genes during three stages of oligodendrocyte differentiation in vivo: neural stem cells (NSCs), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), and newly formed oligodendrocytes (NFOs). We found that 613 lncRNAs have OLIG2 binding sites and are expressed in at least one cell type, which can potentially be activated or repressed by OLIG2. Forty-eight of them have increased expression in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Predicting lncRNA functions by using a "guilt-by-association" approach revealed that the functions of these 48 lncRNAs were enriched in "oligodendrocyte development and differentiation." Additionally, bivalent genes are known to play essential roles during embryonic stem cell differentiation. We identified bivalent genes in NSCs, OPCs, and NFOs and found that some bivalent genes bound by OLIG2 are dynamically regulated during oligodendrocyte development. Importantly, we unveiled a previously unknown mechanism that, in addition to transcriptional regulation via DNA binding, OLIG2 could self-regulate through the 3' UTR of its own mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our studies have revealed the missing links in the mechanisms regulating oligodendrocyte development at the transcriptional level and after transcription. The results of our research have improved the understanding of fundamental cell fate decisions during oligodendrocyte lineage formation, which can enable insights into demyelination diseases and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wei
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaomin Dong
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanan You
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bo Hai
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raquel Cuevas-Diaz Duran
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Xizi Wu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natasha Kharas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Qian Wu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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12
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Tapia-Bustos A, Lespay-Rebolledo C, Vío V, Pérez-Lobos R, Casanova-Ortiz E, Ezquer F, Herrera-Marschitz M, Morales P. Neonatal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment Improves Myelination Impaired by Global Perinatal Asphyxia in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063275. [PMID: 33806988 PMCID: PMC8004671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of perinatal asphyxia (PA) on oligodendrocyte (OL), neuroinflammation, and cell viability was evaluated in telencephalon of rats at postnatal day (P)1, 7, and 14, a period characterized by a spur of neuronal networking, evaluating the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-treatment. The issue was investigated with a rat model of global PA, mimicking a clinical risk occurring under labor. PA was induced by immersing fetus-containing uterine horns into a water bath for 21 min (AS), using sibling-caesarean-delivered fetuses (CS) as controls. Two hours after delivery, AS and CS neonates were injected with either 5 μL of vehicle (10% plasma) or 5 × 104 MSCs into the lateral ventricle. Samples were assayed for myelin-basic protein (MBP) levels; Olig-1/Olig-2 transcriptional factors; Gglial phenotype; neuroinflammation, and delayed cell death. The main effects were observed at P7, including: (i) A decrease of MBP-immunoreactivity in external capsule, corpus callosum, cingulum, but not in fimbriae of hippocampus; (ii) an increase of Olig-1-mRNA levels; (iii) an increase of IL-6-mRNA, but not in protein levels; (iv) an increase in cell death, including OLs; and (v) MSCs treatment prevented the effect of PA on myelination, OLs number, and cell death. The present findings show that PA induces regional- and developmental-dependent changes on myelination and OLs maturation. Neonatal MSCs treatment improves survival of mature OLs and myelination in telencephalic white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370149, Chile
| | - Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
| | - Valentina Vío
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
| | - Ronald Pérez-Lobos
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
| | - Emmanuel Casanova-Ortiz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.-M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +56-229786788 (M.H.-M. & P.M.)
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (A.T.-B.); (C.L.-R.); (V.V.); (R.P.-L.); (E.C.-O.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: (M.H.-M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +56-229786788 (M.H.-M. & P.M.)
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13
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5-Hydroxytryptamine Modulates Maturation and Mitochondria Function of Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor M03-13 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052621. [PMID: 33807720 PMCID: PMC7962057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inside the adult CNS, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCS) are able to proliferate, migrate and differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) which are responsible for the production of myelin sheet and energy supply for neurons. Moreover, in demyelinating diseases, OPCs are recruited to the lesion areas where they undergo differentiation and myelin synthesis. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is involved in OLs’ development and myelination, but so far the molecular mechanisms involved or the effects of 5-HT on mitochondria function have not yet been well documented. Our data show that 5-HT inhibits migration and proliferation committing cells toward differentiation in an immortalized human oligodendrocyte precursor cell line, M03-13. Migration blockage is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation since antioxidants, such as Vit C and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, prevent the inhibitory effects of 5-HT on cell migration. 5-HT inhibits OPC migration and proliferation and increases OL phenotypic markers myelin basic protein (MBP) and Olig-2 via protein kinase C (PKC) activation since the inhibitor of PKC, bis-indolyl-maleimide (BIM), counteracts 5-HT effects. NOX inhibitors as well, reverse the effects of 5-HT, indicating that 5-HT influences the maturation process of OPCs by NOX-dependent ROS production. Finally, 5-HT increases mitochondria function and antioxidant activity. The identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of 5-HT on maturation and energy metabolism of OPCs could pave the way for the development of new treatments for autoimmune demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis where oligodendrocytes are the primary target of immune attack.
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14
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Selective adenosine A 2A receptor inhibitor SCH58261 reduces oligodendrocyte loss upon brain injury in young rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:310-316. [PMID: 33424311 PMCID: PMC7783643 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular elements of maturing brain are vulnerable to insults, which lead to neurodevelopmental defects. There are no established treatments at present. Here we examined the efficacy of selective adenosine A2A receptor inhibitor SCH58261 to combat brain injury, particularly oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells, in young rats. Wistar rats (n = 24, 6.5 days old) were randomly divided into equal groups of four. The sham (SHAM) group received no treatment, the vehicle (VEHICLE) group received 0.1% dimethylsufoxide, the injury (INJ) group was exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation insult, and the injury+SCH58261 (INJ+SCH58261) group was exposed to the insult and received 1 μM SCH58261. Immunocytochemical experiments revealed that there was a significant reduction in the populations of mature OL (MBP+ OLs) and immature OL precursors (NG2+ OPCs) in the INJ group compared to SHAM group. Furthermore, there was also a significant increase in the percent of apoptotic MBP+ OL and NG2+ OPC populations as evidenced by TUNEL assay. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the proliferation rate among NG2+ OPCs, which was confirmed by BrdU immunostaining. On the other hand, treatment with SCH58261 significantly enhanced survival, evidenced by the reduction in apoptotic indices for both cell types, and it is preserved the NG2+ OPC proliferation. Activation of adenosine A2A receptors may contribute to OL lineage cell loss in association with decreased mitotic behavior of OPCs in neonatal brains upon injury. Future investigations assessing ability of SCH58261 to regenerate myelin will provide insights into its wider clinical relevance.
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15
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Komatsu H, Takeuchi H, Ono C, Yu Z, Kikuchi Y, Kakuto Y, Funakoshi S, Ono T, Kawashima R, Taki Y, Tomita H. Association Between OLIG2 Gene SNP rs1059004 and Negative Self-Schema Constructing Trait Factors Underlying Susceptibility to Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:631475. [PMID: 33762978 PMCID: PMC7983671 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.631475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has indicated that the disruption of oligodendrocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Genetic factors are likely to affect trait factors, such as characteristics, rather than state factors, such as depressive symptoms. Previously, a negative self-schema had been proposed as the major characteristic of constructing trait factors underlying susceptibility to depression. Thus, the association between a negative self-schema and the functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1059004 in the OLIG2 gene, which influences OLIG2 gene expression, white matter integrity, and cerebral blood flow, was evaluated. A total of 546 healthy subjects were subjected to genotype and psychological evaluation using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Brief Core Schema Scale (BCSS). The rs1059004 SNP was found to be associated with the self-schema subscales of the BCSS and scores on the BDI-II in an allele dose-dependent manner, and to have a predictive impact on depressive symptoms via a negative-self schema. The results suggest the involvement of a genetic factor regulating oligodendrocyte function in generating a negative-self schema as a trait factor underlying susceptibility to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Komatsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Miyagi Psychiatric Center, Natori, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ono
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kikuchi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Shunichi Funakoshi
- Miyagi Psychiatric Center, Natori, Japan.,Department of Community Psychiatry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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16
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Villa González M, Vallés-Saiz L, Hernández IH, Avila J, Hernández F, Pérez-Alvarez MJ. Focal cerebral ischemia induces changes in oligodendrocytic tau isoforms in the damaged area. Glia 2020; 68:2471-2485. [PMID: 32515854 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and the first leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. The only therapeutic strategy available to date is reperfusion and not all the patients are suitable for this treatment. Blood flow blockage or reduction leads to considerable brain damage, affecting both gray and white matter. The detrimental effects of ischemia have been studied extensively in the former but not in the latter. Previous reports indicate that preservation of white matter integrity reduces deleterious effect of ischemia on the brain. Oligodendrocytes are sensitive to ischemic damage, however, some reports demonstrate that oligodendrogenesis occurs after ischemia. These glial cells have a complex cytoskeletal network, including tau, that plays a key role to proper myelination. 4R-Tau/3R-Tau, which differ in the presence/absence of Exon 10, are found in oligodendrocytes; but the precise role of each isoform is not understood. Using permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model and immunofluorescence, we demonstrate that cerebral ischemia induces an increase in 3R-Tau versus 4R-Tau in oligodendrocytes in the damaged area. In addition, cellular distribution of Tau undergoes a change after ischemia, with some oligodendrocytic processes showing positive staining for 3R-Tau. This occurs simultaneously with the amelioration of neurological damage in ischemic rats. We propose that ischemia triggers an endogenous mechanism involving 3R-Tau, that induces colonization of the ischemic damaged area by oligodendrocytes in an attempt to myelinate-injured axons. Understanding the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon could pave the way for the design of therapeutic strategies that exploit glial cells for the treatment of ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Villa González
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Vallés-Saiz
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivó H Hernández
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Pérez-Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular CSIC-UAM, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Gouvêa-Junqueira D, Falvella ACB, Antunes ASLM, Seabra G, Brandão-Teles C, Martins-de-Souza D, Crunfli F. Novel Treatment Strategies Targeting Myelin and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:379. [PMID: 32425837 PMCID: PMC7203658 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the glial cells responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath around axons. During neurodevelopment, oligodendrocytes undergo maturation and differentiation, and later remyelination in adulthood. Abnormalities in these processes have been associated with behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions and the development of various mental illnesses like schizophrenia. Several studies have implicated oligodendrocyte dysfunction and myelin abnormalities in the disorder, together with altered expression of myelin-related genes such as Olig2, CNP, and NRG1. However, the molecular mechanisms subjacent of these alterations remain elusive. Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic psychiatric disorder affecting more than 23 million individuals worldwide and its symptoms usually appear at the beginning of adulthood. Currently, the major therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia relies on the use of antipsychotics. Despite their widespread use, the effects of antipsychotics on glial cells, especially oligodendrocytes, remain unclear. Thus, in this review we highlight the current knowledge regarding oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia, compiling data from (epi)genetic studies and up-to-date models to investigate the role of oligodendrocytes in the disorder. In addition, we examined potential targets currently investigated for the improvement of schizophrenia symptoms. Research in this area has been investigating potential beneficial compounds, including the D-amino acids D-aspartate and D-serine, that act as NMDA receptor agonists, modulating the glutamatergic signaling; the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, a precursor in the synthesis of glutathione, protecting against the redox imbalance; as well as lithium, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling, contributing to oligodendrocyte survival and functioning. In conclusion, there is strong evidence linking oligodendrocyte dysfunction to the development of schizophrenia. Hence, a better understanding of oligodendrocyte differentiation, as well as the effects of antipsychotic medication in these cells, could have potential implications for understanding the development of schizophrenia and finding new targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gouvêa-Junqueira
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Brambilla Falvella
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Saraiva Leão Marcelo Antunes
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Seabra
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brandão-Teles
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil
- D′Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Crunfli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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18
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Kim H, Xu R, Padmashri R, Dunaevsky A, Liu Y, Dreyfus CF, Jiang P. Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cerebral Organoids Reveal Human Oligodendrogenesis with Dorsal and Ventral Origins. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 12:890-905. [PMID: 31091434 PMCID: PMC6524754 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of oligodendrogenesis has been relatively well delineated in the rodent brain. However, it remains unknown whether analogous developmental processes are manifested in the human brain. Here we report oligodendrogenesis in forebrain organoids, generated by using OLIG2-GFP knockin human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) reporter lines. OLIG2/GFP exhibits distinct temporal expression patterns in ventral forebrain organoids (VFOs) versus dorsal forebrain organoids (DFOs). Interestingly, oligodendrogenesis can be induced in both VFOs and DFOs after neuronal maturation. Assembling VFOs and DFOs to generate fused forebrain organoids (FFOs) promotes oligodendroglia maturation. Furthermore, dorsally derived oligodendroglial cells outcompete ventrally derived oligodendroglia and become dominant in FFOs after long-term culture. Thus, our organoid models reveal human oligodendrogenesis with ventral and dorsal origins. These models will serve to study the phenotypic and functional differences between human ventrally and dorsally derived oligodendroglia and to reveal mechanisms of diseases associated with cortical myelin defects. OLIG2 expression exhibits distinct temporal patterns in hPSC-derived VFOs versus DFOs Human PSC-derived DFOs recapitulate oligodendrogenesis with a dorsal origin Assembling VFOs and DFOs to generate FFOs promotes oligodendroglial maturation Dorsally derived oligodendroglia outcompete ventrally derived ones in FFOs
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosung Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ranjie Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ragunathan Padmashri
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Anna Dunaevsky
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheryl F Dreyfus
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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19
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Komatsu H, Takeuchi H, Kikuchi Y, Ono C, Yu Z, Iizuka K, Takano Y, Kakuto Y, Funakoshi S, Ono T, Ito J, Kunii Y, Hino M, Nagaoka A, Iwasaki Y, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Azechi H, Kudo N, Hashimoto R, Yabe H, Yoshida M, Saito Y, Kakita A, Fuse N, Kawashima R, Taki Y, Tomita H. Ethnicity-Dependent Effects of Schizophrenia Risk Variants of the OLIG2 Gene on OLIG2 Transcription and White Matter Integrity. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1619-1628. [PMID: 32285113 PMCID: PMC7846078 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated associations between several OLIG2 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to schizophrenia among Caucasians. Consistent with these findings, postmortem brain and diffusion tensor imaging studies have indicated that the schizophrenia-risk-associated allele (A) in the OLIG2 SNP rs1059004 predicts lower OLIG2 gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of schizophrenia patients and reduced white matter (WM) integrity of the corona radiata in normal brains among Caucasians. In an effort to replicate the association between this variant and WM integrity among healthy Japanese, we found that the number of A alleles was positively correlated with WM integrity in some fiber tracts, including the right posterior limb of the internal capsule, and with mean blood flow in a widespread area, including the inferior frontal operculum, orbital area, and triangular gyrus. Because the A allele affected WM integrity in opposite directions in Japanese and Caucasians, we investigated a possible association between the OLIG2 gene SNPs and the expression level of OLIG2 transcripts in postmortem DLPFCs. We evaluated rs1059004 and additional SNPs in the 5' upstream and 3' downstream regions of rs1059004 to cover the broader region of the OLIG2 gene. The 2 SNPs (rs1059004 and rs9653711) had opposite effects on OLIG2 gene expression in the DLPFC in Japanese and Caucasians. These findings suggest ethnicity-dependent opposite effects of OLIG2 gene SNPs on WM integrity and OLIG2 gene expression in the brain, which may partially explain the failures in replicating associations between genetic variants and psychiatric phenotypes among ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Komatsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Miyagi Psychiatric Center, Natori, Japan,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Miyagi Psychiatric Center, Mubanchi, Tekurada, Natori, 981-1231, Japan; tel: +81-22-384-2236, fax: +81-22-384-9100, e-mail:
| | - Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kikuchi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ono
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Takano
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kakuto
- Department of Psychiatry, Miyagi Psychiatric Center, Natori, Japan
| | - Shunichi Funakoshi
- Department of Psychiatry, Miyagi Psychiatric Center, Natori, Japan,Department of Community Psychiatry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Miyagi Psychiatric Center, Natori, Japan
| | - Junko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical Center Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Azechi
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Kudo
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan,Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuse
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Smart Aging International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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20
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Xie D, Ge X, Ma Y, Tang J, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Gao C, Pan S. Clemastine improves hypomyelination in rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by reducing microglia-derived IL-1β via P38 signaling pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:57. [PMID: 32061255 PMCID: PMC7023767 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia activation is associated with the development of hypoxic–ischemic brain injury (HIBI). Neuroinflammation suppression might be a suitable therapeutic target in hypoxic oligodendrocyte injury. This study aims to determine whether clemastine can improve hypomyelination by suppressing the activated microglia and promoting the maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in HIBI. Methods A bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) rat model that received continuous intraperitoneal injection (1 mg/kg) for 14 days was employed to elaborate the neuroprotection effects of clemastine. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), histamine H1 receptor, and OPC differentiation levels in the corpus callosum were measured. Primary cultured OPCs and co-culture of microglia and OPCs were used to explore the link between microglia activation and hypomyelination. Data were evaluated by one-way ANOVA with Fisher’s protected least significant difference test. Results Clemastine treatment could reverse hypomyelination and restrain the upregulation of IL-1β and NLRP3 in the corpus callosum of BCCAO rats. Primary cultured OPCs treated with IL-1β showed failed maturation. However, clemastine could also reverse the OPC maturation arrest by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Co-culture of microglia and OPCs with oxygen glucose deprivation treatment exhibited IL-1β and NLRP3 upregulation. Clemastine could downregulate NLRP3 and IL-1β and reverse hypomyelination by inhibiting the p38 signaling pathway. Conclusions Clemastine could restrain microglia activation, improve axonal hypomyelination in BCCAO rats, and thus might be a viable strategy to inhibit hypomyelination in the corpus callosum of patients with HIBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xie
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Ge
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialong Tang
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjin Gao
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuming Pan
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Wang YZ, Fan H, Ji Y, Reynolds K, Gu R, Gan Q, Yamagami T, Zhao T, Hamad S, Bizen N, Takebayashi H, Chen Y, Wu S, Pleasure D, Lam K, Zhou CJ. Olig2 regulates terminal differentiation and maturation of peripheral olfactory sensory neurons. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 77:3597-3609. [PMID: 31758234 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The bHLH transcription factor Olig2 is required for sequential cell fate determination of both motor neurons and oligodendrocytes and for progenitor proliferation in the central nervous system. However, the role of Olig2 in peripheral sensory neurogenesis remains unknown. We report that Olig2 is transiently expressed in the newly differentiated olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and is down-regulated in the mature OSNs in mice from early gestation to adulthood. Genetic fate mapping demonstrates that Olig2-expressing cells solely give rise to OSNs in the peripheral olfactory system. Olig2 depletion does not affect the proliferation of peripheral olfactory progenitors and the fate determination of OSNs, sustentacular cells, and the olfactory ensheathing cells. However, the terminal differentiation and maturation of OSNs are compromised in either Olig2 single or Olig1/Olig2 double knockout mice, associated with significantly diminished expression of multiple OSN maturation and odorant signaling genes, including Omp, Gnal, Adcy3, and Olfr15. We further demonstrate that Olig2 binds to the E-box in the Omp promoter region to regulate its expression. Taken together, our results reveal a distinctly novel function of Olig2 in the periphery nervous system to regulate the terminal differentiation and maturation of olfactory sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Ji
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kurt Reynolds
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ran Gu
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Qini Gan
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Takashi Yamagami
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Salaheddin Hamad
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Norihisa Bizen
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - David Pleasure
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kit Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, 2425 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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22
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Chen X, Nakada S, Donahue JE, Chen RH, Tucker R, Qiu J, Lim YP, Stopa EG, Stonestreet BS. Neuroprotective effects of inter-alpha inhibitor proteins after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:244-259. [PMID: 30914159 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is one of the most common neurological problems occurring in the perinatal period. Hypothermia is the only approved intervention for neonatal HI encephalopathy. However, this treatment is only partially protective, has a narrow therapeutic time window after birth and only can be used to treat full-term infants. Consequently, additional therapies are critically needed. Inflammation is an important contributing factor to the evolution of HI brain injury in neonates. Inter-alpha Inhibitor Proteins (IAIPs) are immunomodulatory proteins with anti-inflammatory properties. We have previously shown that IAIPs reduce neuronal cell death and improve behavioral outcomes when given after carotid artery ligation, but before hypoxia in male neonatal rats. The objective of the current study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of treatment with IAIPs given immediately or 6 h after HI in both male and female neonatal rats. HI was induced with the Rice-Vannucci method in postnatal (P) day 7 rats. After ligation of the right common carotid artery, P7 rats were exposed to 90 min of hypoxia (8% oxygen). Human plasma-derived IAIPs or placebo (phosphate buffered saline) was given at zero, 24, and 48 h after HI. Brains were perfused, weighed and fixed 72 h after HI at P10. In a second, delayed treatment group, the same procedure was followed except that IAIPs or placebo were given at 6, 24 and 48 h after HI. Separate sham-operated, placebo-treated groups were exposed to identical protocols but were not exposed to carotid artery ligation and remained in room air. Rat sex was recorded. The effects of IAIPs on HI brain injury were examined using histopathological scoring and immunohistochemical analyses of the brain and by using infarct volume measurements on frozen tissue of the entire brain hemispheres ipsilateral and contralateral to HI injury. IAIPs given immediately after HI improved (P < 0.050) histopathological brain injury across and within the cingulate, caudate/putamen, thalamus, hippocampus and parietal cortex in males, but not in females. In contrast, IAIPs given immediately after HI reduced (P < 0.050) infarct volumes of the hemispheres ipsilateral to HI injury in similarly both the males and females. Treatment with IAIPs also resulted in higher (P < 0.050) brain weights compared with the placebo-treated HI group, reduced (P < 0.050) neuronal and non-neuronal cell death in the cortex and total hemisphere, and also increased the total area of oligodendrocytes determined by CNPase in the ipsilateral hemisphere and corpus callosum (P < 0.050) of male, but not female subjects exposed to HI. Delayed treatment with IAIPs 6 h after HI did not improve histopathological brain injury in males or females, but resulted in higher (P < 0.050) brain weights compared with the placebo-treated HI males. Therefore, treatment with IAIPs immediately after HI improved brain weights and reduced neuropathological brain injury and cell death in male rats, and reduced infarct volume in both male and female neonatal rats. We conclude that IAIPs exert neuroprotective effects after exposure to HI in neonatal rats and may exhibit some sex-related differential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, USA; The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Sakura Nakada
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, USA; The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - John E Donahue
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Ray H Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, USA; The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Richard Tucker
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, USA
| | - Joseph Qiu
- ProThera Biologics, Inc, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yow-Pin Lim
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; ProThera Biologics, Inc, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Edward G Stopa
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA; Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Barbara S Stonestreet
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, USA; The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA.
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23
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Xue Y, Zhan X, Sun S, Karuppagounder SS, Xia S, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Laterra J, Zhang J, Ying M. Synthetic mRNAs Drive Highly Efficient iPS Cell Differentiation to Dopaminergic Neurons. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:112-123. [PMID: 30387318 PMCID: PMC6344911 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proneural transcription factors (TFs) drive highly efficient differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to lineage-specific neurons. However, current strategies mainly rely on genome-integrating viruses. Here, we used synthetic mRNAs coding two proneural TFs (Atoh1 and Ngn2) to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. mRNAs coding Atoh1 and Ngn2 with defined phosphosite modifications led to higher and more stable protein expression, and induced more efficient neuron conversion, as compared to mRNAs coding wild-type proteins. Using these two modified mRNAs with morphogens, we established a 5-day protocol that can rapidly generate mDA neurons with >90% purity from normal and Parkinson's disease iPSCs. After in vitro maturation, these mRNA-induced mDA (miDA) neurons recapitulate key biochemical and electrophysiological features of primary mDA neurons and can provide high-content neuron cultures for drug discovery. Proteomic analysis of Atoh1-binding proteins identified the nonmuscle myosin II (NM-II) complex as a new binding partner of nuclear Atoh1. The NM-II complex, commonly known as an ATP-dependent molecular motor, binds more strongly to phosphosite-modified Atoh1 than the wild type. Blebbistatin, an NM-II complex antagonist, and bradykinin, an NM-II complex agonist, inhibited and promoted, respectively, the transcriptional activity of Atoh1 and the efficiency of miDA neuron generation. These findings established the first mRNA-driven strategy for efficient iPSC differentiation to mDA neurons. We further identified the NM-II complex as a positive modulator of Atoh1-driven neuron differentiation. The methodology described here will facilitate the development of mRNA-driven differentiation strategies for generating iPSC-derived progenies widely applicable to disease modeling and cell replacement therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:112&12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Xue
- Department of Immunology, Research Center on Pediatric Development and DiseasesInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy KriegerBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Xiping Zhan
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsHoward UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Shisheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research FoundationNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Shuli Xia
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy KriegerBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research FoundationNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of PhysiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research FoundationNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - John Laterra
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy KriegerBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center on Pediatric Development and DiseasesInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy KriegerBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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24
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Transbulbar B-Mode Sonography for Clinical Phenotyping Multiple Sclerosis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess putative differences in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and associated clinical/paraclinical variables between relapsing remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We examined 60 relapse-free MS patients and 35 healthy controls by means of transbulbar B-mode sonography (TBS). Expanded disability status scale (EDSS) values were from 3 to 4 indicated patients with a transitional RR to SP phenotype. Mean ONSD was significantly lower in MS patients. Mean ONSD measured at 5 mm from the eyeball (ONSD5) was significantly lower in SP than in RR patients, while ONSD measured at 3 mm from the eyeball (ONSD3) was statistically higher in RR than in the transitional group. The myelination index (MI), i.e., the ratio of ONSD3 to ONSD5, was used to assess the relative myelination of the optic nerve (ON). Higher ONSD5 and MI (0.90) corresponded to patients with the RR phenotype having a mean EDSS of 2.0; lower MI (0.84) clustered the transitional patients having a mean EDSS of 3.7. Finally, lower MI with low ONSD3 identified the SP phenotype having a mean EDSS ≥ 4.0. The TBS in MS highlights chronic optic neuropathy, caused by early subclinical axonal loss and demyelination.
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Chen S, Kumar N, Mao Z, Sitruk-Ware R, Brinton RD. Therapeutic progestin segesterone acetate promotes neurogenesis: implications for sustaining regeneration in female brain. Menopause 2018; 25:1138-1151. [PMID: 29846284 PMCID: PMC7731586 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurogenesis is the principal regenerative mechanism to sustain the plasticity potential in adult brains. Decreased neurogenesis parallels the cognition decline with aging, and has been suggested as a common hallmark in the progression of many neurodegeneration diseases. We previously reported that acute exposure to segesterone acetate (ST-1435; Nestorone), alone or in combination with 17β-estradiol (E2), increased human neural stem cells proliferation and survival both in vitro and in vivo. The present study expanded our previous findings to investigate the more clinical related chronic exposure in combination with E2 on the regenerative capacity of adult brain. METHODS To mimic the chronic contraception exposure in women, 3-month old female mice (n = 110) were treated with ST-1435, with or without co-administration of E2, for 4 weeks. Neural cell proliferation and survival, and oligodendrocyte generation were assessed. The involvement of insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling was studied. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that chronic ST-1435 and E2 alone or in combination increased neurogenesis by a comparable magnitude, with minimum to no antagonistic or additive effects between ST-1435 and E2. In addition, chronic exposure of ST-1435 or ST-1435 + E2 stimulated oligodendrocyte generation, indicating potential elevated myelination. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) were also up-regulated after chronic ST-1435 and E2 exposure, suggesting the involvement of IGF-1 signaling as the potential underlined regulatory pathway transducing ST-1435 effect. CONCLUSION These findings provide preclinical evidence and mechanistic insights for the development of ST-1435 as a neuroregenerative therapy to promote intrinsic regenerative capacity in female brains against aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Chen
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Narendar Kumar
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council,, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zisu Mao
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Proliferative cells in the rat developing neocortical grey matter: new insights into gliogenesis. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:4053-4066. [PMID: 30132245 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal brain development is characterized by a substantial gain in weight and size, ascribed to increasing neuronal size and branching, and to massive addition of glial cells. This occurs concomitantly to the shrinkage of VZ and SVZ, considered to be the main germinal zones, thus suggesting the existence of other germinative niches. The aim of this study is to characterize the cortical grey matter proliferating cells during postnatal development, providing their stereological quantification and identifying the nature of their cell lineage. We performed double immunolabeling for the proliferation marker Ki67 and three proteins which identify either astrocytes (S100β) or oligodendrocytes (Olig2 and NG2), in addition to a wider panel of markers apt to validate the former markers or to investigate other cell lineages. We found that proliferating cells increase in number during the first postnatal week until P10 and subsequently decreased until P21. Cell lineage characterization revealed that grey matter proliferating cells are prevalently oligodendrocytes and astrocytes along with endothelial and microglial cells, while no neurons have been detected. Our data showed that astrogliogenesis occurs prevalently during the first 10 days of postnatal development, whereas contrary to the expected peak of oligodendrogenesis at the second postnatal week, we found a permanent pool of proliferating oligodendrocytes enduring from birth until P21. These data support the relevance of glial proliferation within the grey matter and could be a point of departure for further investigations of this complex process.
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Dohare P, Cheng B, Ahmed E, Yadala V, Singla P, Thomas S, Kayton R, Ungvari Z, Ballabh P. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition enhances myelination in preterm newborns with intraventricular hemorrhage, but not recombinant Wnt3A. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 118:22-39. [PMID: 29940337 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants results in reduced proliferation and maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), and survivors exhibit reduced myelination and neurological deficits. Wnt signaling regulates OPC maturation and myelination in a context dependent manner. Herein, we hypothesized that the occurrence of IVH would downregulate Wnt signaling, and that activating Wnt signaling by GSK-3β inhibition or Wnt3A recombinant human protein (rh-Wnt3A) treatment might promote maturation of OPCs, myelination of the white matter, and neurological recovery in premature rabbits with IVH. These hypotheses were tested in autopsy samples from preterm infants and in a rabbit model of IVH. Induction of IVH reduced expressions of activated β-catenin, TCF-4, and Axin2 transcription factors in preterm newborns. Both AR-A014418 (ARA) and Wnt-3A treatment activated Wnt signaling. GSK-3β inhibition by intramuscular ARA treatment accelerated maturation of OPCs, myelination, and neurological recovery in preterm rabbits with IVH compared to vehicle controls. In contrast, intracerebroventricular rh-Wnt3A treatment failed to enhance myelination and neurological function in rabbits with IVH. ARA treatment reduced microglia infiltration and IL1β expression in rabbits with IVH relative to controls, whereas Wnt3A treatment elevated TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 expression without affecting microglia density. GSK-3β inhibition downregulated, while rh-Wnt3A treatment upregulated Notch signaling; and none of the two treatments affected the Sonic-Hedgehog pathway. The administration of ARA or rh-Wnt3A did not affect gliosis. The data suggest that GSK-3β inhibition promoted myelination by suppressing inflammation and Notch signaling; and Wnt3A treatment failed to enhance myelination because of its pro-inflammatory activity and synergy with Notch signaling. GSK-3β inhibitors might improve the neurological outcome of preterm infants with IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Dohare
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bokun Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ehsan Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Vivek Yadala
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pranav Singla
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sunisha Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert Kayton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Oklahoma University, OK, USA
| | - Praveen Ballabh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Impaired oligodendrogenesis and myelination by elevated S100B levels during neurodevelopment. Neuropharmacology 2018; 129:69-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pentón-Rol G, Marín-Prida J, Falcón-Cama V. C-Phycocyanin and Phycocyanobilin as Remyelination Therapies for Enhancing Recovery in Multiple Sclerosis and Ischemic Stroke: A Preclinical Perspective. Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 8:bs8010015. [PMID: 29346320 PMCID: PMC5791033 DOI: 10.3390/bs8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin loss has a crucial impact on behavior disabilities associated to Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Ischemic Stroke (IS). Although several MS therapies are approved, none of them promote remyelination in patients, limiting their ability for chronic recovery. With no available therapeutic options, enhanced demyelination in stroke survivors is correlated with a poorer behavioral recovery. Here, we show the experimental findings of our group and others supporting the remyelinating effects of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC), the main biliprotein of Spirulina platensis and its linked tetrapyrrole Phycocyanobilin (PCB), in models of these illnesses. C-PC promoted white matter regeneration in rats and mice affected by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Electron microscopy analysis in cerebral cortex from ischemic rats revealed a potent remyelinating action of PCB treatment after stroke. Among others biological processes, we discussed the role of regulatory T cell induction, the control of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators, gene expression modulation and COX-2 inhibition as potential mechanisms involved in the C-PC and PCB effects on the recruitment, differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in demyelinated lesions. The assembled evidence supports the implementation of clinical trials to demonstrate the recovery effects of C-PC and PCB in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Pentón-Rol
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave. 31 e/158 y 190, Cubanacan, P.O. Box 6162, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba.
| | - Javier Marín-Prida
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations (CEIEB), Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Ave. 23 e/214 y 222, La Lisa, PO Box 430, Havana 13600, Cuba.
| | - Viviana Falcón-Cama
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave. 31 e/158 y 190, Cubanacan, P.O. Box 6162, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba.
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Stem cells, pluripotency and glial cell markers in peripheral blood of bipolar patients on long-term lithium treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 28625858 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effect of long-term lithium treatment on very-small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and the mRNA expression of pluripotency and glial markers, in peripheral blood, in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS Fifteen BD patients (aged 53±7years) not treated with lithium, with duration of illness >10years, 15 BD patients (aged 55±6years) treated with lithium for 8-40years (mean 16years) and 15 control subjects (aged 50±5years) were included. The number of VSELs was measured by flow cytometric analysis. Assessment of the mRNA levels of pluripotency markers (Oct-4, Sox 2 and Nanog) and glial markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein - GFAP, Olig1 and Olig2) was performed, using the Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS In BD patients not taking lithium, the number of VSELs was significantly higher than in control subjects and correlated with the duration of illness. The expression of pluripotency markers was significantly higher than in the controls and correlated with the number of VSELs. The mRNA levels of the Olig1 and Olig 2 were higher than in the controls and those of the GFAP were higher than in patients receiving lithium. In lithium-treated BD patients the number of VSELs was similar to controls and correlated negatively with the duration of lithium treatment and serum lithium concentration. The mRNA levels of Oct-4, Sox-2, GFAP and Olig1 were not different from controls. The mRNA expression of Nanog was significantly higher and correlated with the number of VSELs. The mRNA expression of Olig 2 was higher than in the BD patients not taking lithium. CONCLUSION Long-term treatment with lithium may suppress the activation of regenerative processes by reducing the number of VSELs circulating in PB. These cells, in BD patients not treated with lithium, may provide a new potential biological marker of the illness and its clinical progress. The higher expression of peripheral mRNA markers in BD patients may involve ongoing inflammatory process, compensatory mechanisms and regenerative responses. Long-term lithium treatment may attenuate these mechanisms, especially in relation to the transcription factors Oct-4, Sox-2, GFAP and Olig1.
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Yoon H, Radulovic M, Walters G, Paulsen AR, Drucker K, Starski P, Wu J, Fairlie DP, Scarisbrick IA. Protease activated receptor 2 controls myelin development, resiliency and repair. Glia 2017; 65:2070-2086. [PMID: 28921694 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are essential regulators of axonal energy homeostasis and electrical conduction and emerging target cells for restoration of neurological function. Here we investigate the role of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a unique protease activated G protein-coupled receptor, in myelin development and repair using the spinal cord as a model. Results demonstrate that genetic deletion of PAR2 accelerates myelin production, including higher proteolipid protein (PLP) levels in the spinal cord at birth and higher levels of myelin basic protein and thickened myelin sheaths in adulthood. Enhancements in spinal cord myelin with PAR2 loss-of-function were accompanied by increased numbers of Olig2- and CC1-positive oligodendrocytes, as well as in levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and extracellular signal related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling. Parallel promyelinating effects were observed after blocking PAR2 expression in purified oligodendrocyte cultures, whereas inhibiting adenylate cyclase reversed these effects. Conversely, PAR2 activation reduced PLP expression and this effect was prevented by brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a promyelinating growth factor that signals through cAMP. PAR2 knockout mice also showed improved myelin resiliency after traumatic spinal cord injury and an accelerated pattern of myelin regeneration after focal demyelination. These findings suggest that PAR2 is an important controller of myelin production and regeneration, both in the developing and adult spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Yoon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Maja Radulovic
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.,Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Grant Walters
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Alex R Paulsen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Kristen Drucker
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Phillip Starski
- Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - David P Fairlie
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Isobel A Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.,Neurobiology of Disease Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
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Deng T, Postnikov Y, Zhang S, Garrett L, Becker L, Rácz I, Hölter SM, Wurst W, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, de Angelis MH, Bustin M. Interplay between H1 and HMGN epigenetically regulates OLIG1&2 expression and oligodendrocyte differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:3031-3045. [PMID: 27923998 PMCID: PMC5389484 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An interplay between the nucleosome binding proteins H1 and HMGN is known to affect chromatin dynamics, but the biological significance of this interplay is still not clear. We find that during embryonic stem cell differentiation loss of HMGNs leads to down regulation of genes involved in neural differentiation, and that the transcription factor OLIG2 is a central node in the affected pathway. Loss of HMGNs affects the expression of OLIG2 as well as that of OLIG1, two transcription factors that are crucial for oligodendrocyte lineage specification and nerve myelination. Loss of HMGNs increases the chromatin binding of histone H1, thereby recruiting the histone methyltransferase EZH2 and elevating H3K27me3 levels, thus conferring a repressive epigenetic signature at Olig1&2 sites. Embryonic stem cells lacking HMGNs show reduced ability to differentiate towards the oligodendrocyte lineage, and mice lacking HMGNs show reduced oligodendrocyte count and decreased spinal cord myelination, and display related neurological phenotypes. Thus, the presence of HMGN proteins is required for proper expression of neural differentiation genes during embryonic stem cell differentiation. Specifically, we demonstrate that the dynamic interplay between HMGNs and H1 in chromatin epigenetically regulates the expression of OLIG1&2, thereby affecting oligodendrocyte development and myelination, and mouse behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Deng
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuri Postnikov
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lillian Garrett
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum, München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum, München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ildikó Rácz
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum, München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53125 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum, München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Chair of Developmental Genetics c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Munich, Munich Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum, München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum, München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum, München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Bustin
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bojrab D, Zhang B, Jiang H, Zhang L, Cohen DS, Luo X, Hu Z. Expression of Oligodendrocyte Marker during Peripheral-Central Transitional Zone Formation of the Postnatal Mouse Cochlear Nerve. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 157:488-492. [PMID: 28695768 DOI: 10.1177/0194599817718806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective To better understand oligodendrocyte protein expression along the mouse cochlear nerve in postnatal mice. Study Design In vivo murine study. Setting Research laboratory. Subjects and Methods Swiss Webster mice used at multiple postnatal days (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 30, and 60). There were 5 replicates at each postnatal day. Cryosection was done to produce sections that included the cochlear nucleus, cochlear nerve, and cochlea in a single sample. Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy and immunofluorescence with antibodies specific to the oligodendrocyte protein Olig2 were used to study the cochlear nerve of Swiss Webster mice at postnatal days. Results The myelination of central nervous system projections initiates in close proximity to the peripheral nervous system-central nervous system transitional zone (PCTZ), and oligodendrocytes in neonatal mice are seen with immunohistochemistry peripheral to the DIC-PCTZ interface. Conclusions As the PCTZ migrates from the brain to the cochlea, oligodendrocytes are a part of peripheral extension of central nervous system tissue along the cochlear nerve. Expression of oligodendrocyte marker Oligo2 was observed peripherally to the formation of PCTZ, as determined by DIC microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Bojrab
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Baofu Zhang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,2 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - David S Cohen
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xuemei Luo
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengqing Hu
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Affeldt BM, Obenaus A, Chan J, Pardo AC. Region specific oligodendrocyte transcription factor expression in a model of neonatal hypoxic injury. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 61:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bethann M. Affeldt
- Department of PediatricsLoma Linda University11175 Campus St., Coleman Pavilion Room A1109Loma LindaCA92354USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of PediatricsLoma Linda University11175 Campus St., Coleman Pavilion Room A1109Loma LindaCA92354USA
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaRiverside, 1140 Bachelor HallRiversideCA92521USA
| | - Jonathan Chan
- Department of PediatricsLoma Linda University11175 Campus St., Coleman Pavilion Room A1109Loma LindaCA92354USA
| | - Andrea C. Pardo
- Department of PediatricsLoma Linda University11175 Campus St., Coleman Pavilion Room A1109Loma LindaCA92354USA
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Tarbali S, Khezri S, Rahmani F. Analysis of molecular events associated with adult rat dorsal hippocampus demyelination following treatment with vitamin D3. NEUROCHEM J+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712416040139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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John Lin CC, Yu K, Hatcher A, Huang TW, Lee HK, Carlson J, Weston MC, Chen F, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Mohila CA, Ahmed N, Patel AJ, Arenkiel BR, Noebels JL, Creighton CJ, Deneen B. Identification of diverse astrocyte populations and their malignant analogs. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:396-405. [PMID: 28166219 PMCID: PMC5824716 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain, where they perform a wide array of functions, yet the nature of their cellular heterogeneity and how it oversees these diverse roles remains shrouded in mystery. Using an intersectional fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based strategy, we identified five distinct astrocyte subpopulations present across three brain regions that show extensive molecular diversity. Application of this molecular insight toward function revealed that these populations differentially support synaptogenesis between neurons. We identified correlative populations in mouse and human glioma and found that the emergence of specific subpopulations during tumor progression corresponded with the onset of seizures and tumor invasion. In sum, we have identified subpopulations of astrocytes in the adult brain and their correlates in glioma that are endowed with diverse cellular, molecular and functional properties. These populations selectively contribute to synaptogenesis and tumor pathophysiology, providing a blueprint for understanding diverse astrocyte contributions to neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching John Lin
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kwanha Yu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Asante Hatcher
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Teng-Wei Huang
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Neurological Research Institute at Texas' Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Carlson
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew C Weston
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Vermont, Vermont, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wenyi Zhu
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carrie A Mohila
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nabil Ahmed
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Akash J Patel
- Neurological Research Institute at Texas' Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Neurological Research Institute at Texas' Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Noebels
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Neurological Research Institute at Texas' Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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37
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Attempts to Overcome Remyelination Failure: Toward Opening New Therapeutic Avenues for Multiple Sclerosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 37:1335-1348. [PMID: 28224237 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system that results in destruction of the myelin sheath wrapped around the axons and eventual axon degeneration. The disease is pathologically heterogeneous; however, perhaps its most frustrating aspect is the lack of efficient regenerative response for remyelination. Current treatment strategies are based on anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory medications that have the potential to reduce the numbers of newly evolving lesions. However, therapies are still required that can repair already damaged myelin for which current treatments are not effective. A prerequisite for the development of such new treatments is understanding the reasons for insufficient endogenous repair. This review briefly summarizes the currently suggested causes of remyelination failure in MS and possible solutions.
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38
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Magistri M, Khoury N, Mazza EMC, Velmeshev D, Lee JK, Bicciato S, Tsoulfas P, Faghihi MA. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of astrocytes differentiation from human neural progenitor cells. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2858-2870. [PMID: 27564458 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are a morphologically and functionally heterogeneous population of cells that play critical roles in neurodevelopment and in the regulation of central nervous system homeostasis. Studies of human astrocytes have been hampered by the lack of specific molecular markers and by the difficulties associated with purifying and culturing astrocytes from adult human brains. Human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with self-renewal and multipotent properties represent an appealing model system to gain insight into the developmental genetics and function of human astrocytes, but a comprehensive molecular characterization that confirms the validity of this cellular system is still missing. Here we used an unbiased transcriptomic analysis to characterize in vitro culture of human NPCs and to define the gene expression programs activated during the differentiation of these cells into astrocytes using FBS or the combination of CNTF and BMP4. Our results demonstrate that in vitro cultures of human NPCs isolated during the gliogenic phase of neurodevelopment mainly consist of radial glial cells (RGCs) and glia-restricted progenitor cells. In these cells the combination of CNTF and BMP4 activates the JAK/STAT and SMAD signaling cascades, leading to the inhibition of oligodendrocytes lineage commitment and activation of astrocytes differentiation. On the other hand, FBS-derived astrocytes have properties of reactive astrocytes. Our work suggests that in vitro culture of human NPCs represents a valuable cellular system to study human disorders characterized by impairment of astrocytes development and function. Our datasets represent an important resource for researchers studying human astrocytes development and might set the basis for the discovery of novel human-specific astrocyte markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Magistri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB 508, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nathalie Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB 508, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Emilia Maria Cristina Mazza
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Dmitry Velmeshev
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB 508, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pantelis Tsoulfas
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Faghihi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, BRB 508, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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39
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Urbanski MM, Kingsbury L, Moussouros D, Kassim I, Mehjabeen S, Paknejad N, Melendez-Vasquez CV. Myelinating glia differentiation is regulated by extracellular matrix elasticity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33751. [PMID: 27646171 PMCID: PMC5028715 DOI: 10.1038/srep33751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of living tissues have a significant impact on cell differentiation, but remain unexplored in the context of myelin formation and repair. In the PNS, the extracellular matrix (ECM) incorporates a basal lamina significantly denser than the loosely organized CNS matrix. Inhibition of non-muscle myosin II (NMII) enhances central but impairs peripheral myelination and NMII has been implicated in cellular responses to changes in the elasticity of the ECM. To directly evaluate whether mechanotransduction plays a role in glial cell differentiation, we cultured Schwann cells (SC) and oligodendrocytes (OL) on matrices of variable elastic modulus, mimicking either their native environment or conditions found in injured tissue. We found that a rigid, lesion-like matrix inhibited branching and differentiation of OL in NMII-dependent manner. By contrast, SC developed normally in both soft and stiffer matrices. Although SC differentiation was not significantly affected by changes in matrix stiffness alone, we found that expression of Krox-20 was potentiated on rigid matrices at high laminin concentration. These findings are relevant to the design of biomaterials to promote healing and regeneration in both CNS and PNS, via transplantation of glial progenitors or the implantation of tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz M Urbanski
- Hunter College, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA.,The Graduate Center, Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, The City University of New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lyle Kingsbury
- Hunter College, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniel Moussouros
- Hunter College, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Imran Kassim
- Hunter College, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Saraf Mehjabeen
- Hunter College, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Navid Paknejad
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Zuckerman Research Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carmen V Melendez-Vasquez
- Hunter College, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA.,The Graduate Center, Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, The City University of New York, NY 10016, USA
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40
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Ferensztajn-Rochowiak E, Tarnowski M, Samochowiec J, Michalak M, Ratajczak MZ, Rybakowski JK. Increased mRNA expression of peripheral glial cell markers in bipolar disorder: The effect of long-term lithium treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1516-1521. [PMID: 27474686 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, with microglial activation as an important element, plays a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD). Also, in mood disorders, pathological changes have been demonstrated in macroglial cells, such as astrocyctes and oligodendrocytes. Postmortem brain studies of BD patients to assess glial cells, such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and their markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Olig1 and Olig2, produced controversial results. On the other hand, investigation of these markers in the peripheral blood of such patients has not been performed so far. In this study, we examined the mRNA levels of GFAP, Olig1 and Olig2, in the peripheral blood of three groups: 15 BD subjects with a duration of illness at least 10 years (mean 20±9 years) but never treated with lithium, 15 subjects with BD treated continuously with lithium for 8-40 years (mean 16±8 years), and 15 control subjects. The groups were age-and sex-matched. Expression of mRNA markers was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RQ-PCR). We observed increased mRNA levels of the Olig1 and Olig 2 glial markers studied in the BD patients not taking lithium, compared with the control subjects and increased mRNA level of GFAP, compared with lithium-treated patients. In the lithium-treated BD patients GFAP and Olig1 expression was at similar levels to that in the control group. However, Olig 2 expression was even higher than in the BD patients not taking lithium. The possible mechanisms concerning the higher expression of peripheral mRNA markers in BD patients may involve ongoing inflammatory process, compensatory mechanisms and regenerative responses. The beneficial effect of lithium may be related to its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michal Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Biology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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41
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Lowrie M, Garosi L. Classification of involuntary movements in dogs: Tremors and twitches. Vet J 2016; 214:109-16. [PMID: 27387736 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on important new findings in the field of involuntary movements (IM) in dogs and illustrates the importance of developing a clear classification tool for diagnosing tremor and twitches. Developments over the last decade have changed our understanding of IM and highlight several caveats in the current tremor classification. Given the ambiguous association between tremor phenomenology and tremor aetiology, a more cautious definition of tremors based on clinical assessment is required. An algorithm for the characterisation of tremors is presented herein. The classification of tremors is based on the distinction between tremors that occur at rest and tremors that are action-related; tremors associated with action are divided into postural or kinetic. Controversial issues are outlined and thus reflect the open questions that are yet to be answered from an evidence base of peer-reviewed published literature. Peripheral nerve hyper-excitability (PNH; cramps and twitches) may manifest as fasciculations, myokymia, neuromyotonia, cramps, tetany and tetanus. It is anticipated that as we learn more about the aetiology and pathogenesis of IMs, future revisions to the classification will be needed. It is therefore the intent of this work to stimulate discussions and thus contribute to the development of IM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lowrie
- Dovecote Veterinary Hospital, 5 Delven Lane, Castle Donington, Derby DE74 2LJ, UK.
| | - Laurent Garosi
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hitchin SG5 3HR, UK
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42
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Yoon H, Kleven A, Paulsen A, Kleppe L, Wu J, Ying Z, Gomez-Pinilla F, Scarisbrick IA. Interplay between exercise and dietary fat modulates myelinogenesis in the central nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:545-555. [PMID: 26826016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here we show that the interplay between exercise training and dietary fat regulates myelinogenesis in the adult central nervous system. Mice consuming high fat with coordinate voluntary running wheel exercise for 7weeks showed increases in the abundance of the major myelin membrane proteins, proteolipid (PLP) and myelin basic protein (MBP), in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Expression of MBP and PLP RNA, as well that for Myrf1, a transcription factor driving oligodendrocyte differentiation were also differentially increased under each condition. Furthermore, expression of IGF-1 and its receptor IGF-1R, known to promote myelinogenesis, were also increased in the spinal cord in response to high dietary fat or exercise training. Parallel increases in AKT signaling, a pro-myelination signaling intermediate activated by IGF-1, were also observed in the spinal cord of mice consuming high fat alone or in combination with exercise. Despite the pro-myelinogenic effects of high dietary fat in the context of exercise, high fat consumption in the setting of a sedentary lifestyle reduced OPCs and mature oligodendroglia. Whereas 7weeks of exercise training alone did not alter OPC or oligodendrocyte numbers, it did reverse reductions seen with high fat. Evidence is presented suggesting that the interplay between exercise and high dietary fat increase SIRT1, PGC-1α and antioxidant enzymes which may permit oligodendroglia to take advantage of diet and exercise-related increases in mitochondrial activity to yield increases in myelination despite higher levels of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Yoon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew Kleven
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alex Paulsen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laurel Kleppe
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhe Ying
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Isobel A Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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43
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Harlow DE, Honce JM, Miravalle AA. Remyelination Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2015; 6:257. [PMID: 26696956 PMCID: PMC4674562 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system that results in destruction of the myelin sheath that surrounds axons and eventual neurodegeneration. Current treatments approved for the treatment of relapsing forms of MS target the aberrant immune response and successfully reduce the severity of attacks and frequency of relapses. Therapies are still needed that can repair damage particularly for the treatment of progressive forms of MS for which current therapies are relatively ineffective. Remyelination can restore neuronal function and prevent further neuronal loss and clinical disability. Recent advancements in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating myelination, as well as the development of high-throughput screens to identify agents that enhance myelination, have lead to the identification of many potential remyelination therapies currently in preclinical and early clinical development. One problem that has plagued the development of treatments to promote remyelination is the difficulty in assessing remyelination in patients with current imaging techniques. Powerful new imaging technologies are making it easier to discern remyelination in patients, which is critical for the assessment of these new therapeutic strategies during clinical trials. This review will summarize what is currently known about remyelination failure in MS, strategies to overcome this failure, new therapeutic treatments in the pipeline for promoting remyelination in MS patients, and new imaging technologies for measuring remyelination in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Harlow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Justin M Honce
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Augusto A Miravalle
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, CO , USA
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44
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Mauney SA, Pietersen CY, Sonntag KC, Woo TUW. Differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursors is impaired in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:374-380. [PMID: 26585218 PMCID: PMC4681621 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of schizophrenia involves disturbances of information processing across brain regions, possibly reflecting, at least in part, a disruption in the underlying axonal connectivity. This disruption is thought to be a consequence of the pathology of myelin ensheathment, the integrity of which is tightly regulated by oligodendrocytes. In order to gain insight into the possible neurobiological mechanisms of myelin deficit, we determined the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profile of laser captured cells that were immunoreactive for 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), a marker for oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in addition to differentiating and myelinating oligodendrocytes, in the white matter of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia subjects. Our findings pointed to the hypothesis that OPC differentiation might be impaired in schizophrenia. To address this hypothesis, we quantified cells that were immunoreactive for neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2), a selective marker for OPCs, and those that were immunoreactive for oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2), an oligodendrocyte lineage marker that is expressed by OPCs and maturing oligodendrocytes. We found that the density of NG2-immunoreactive cells was unaltered, but the density of OLIG2-immunoreactive cells was significantly decreased in subjects with schizophrenia, consistent with the notion that OPC differentiation impairment may contribute to oligodendrocyte disturbances and thereby myelin deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Mauney
- Laboratory for Cellular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Charmaine Y. Pietersen
- Laboratory for Cellular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Kai-C. Sonntag
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Tsung-Ung W. Woo
- Laboratory for Cellular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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45
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Ben-Shushan E, Feldman E, Reubinoff BE. Notch signaling regulates motor neuron differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:403-15. [PMID: 25335858 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the pMN domain of the spinal cord, Notch signaling regulates the balance between motor neuron differentiation and maintenance of the progenitor state for later oligodendrocyte differentiation. Here, we sought to study the role of Notch signaling in regulation of the switch from the pMN progenitor state to differentiated motor neurons in a human model system. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were directed to differentiate to pMN-like progenitor cells by the inductive action of retinoic acid and a Shh agonist, purmorphamine. We found that the expression of the Notch signaling effector Hes5 was induced in hESC-derived pMN-like progenitors and remained highly expressed when they were cultured under conditions favoring motor neuron differentiation. Inhibition of Notch signaling by a γ-secretase inhibitor in the differentiating pMN-like progenitor cells decreased Hes5 expression and enhanced the differentiation toward motor neurons. Conversely, over-expression of Hes5 in pMN-like progenitor cells during the differentiation interfered with retinoic acid- and purmorphamine-induced motor neuron differentiation and inhibited the emergence of motor neurons. Inhibition of Notch signaling had a permissive rather than an inductive effect on motor neuron differentiation. Our results indicate that Notch signaling has a regulatory role in the switch from the pMN progenitor to the differentiated motor neuron state. Inhibition of Notch signaling can be harnessed to enhance the differentiation of hESCs toward motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etti Ben-Shushan
- The Sidney and Judy Swartz Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center of The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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46
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Ma T, Wu X, Cai Q, Wang Y, Xiao L, Tian Y, Li H. Lead Poisoning Disturbs Oligodendrocytes Differentiation Involved in Decreased Expression of NCX3 Inducing Intracellular Calcium Overload. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19096-110. [PMID: 26287169 PMCID: PMC4581288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) poisoning has always been a serious health concern, as it permanently damages the central nervous system. Chronic Pb accumulation in the human body disturbs oligodendrocytes (OLs) differentiation, resulting in dysmyelination, but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, Pb at 1 μM inhibits OLs precursor cells (OPCs) differentiation via decreasing the expression of Olig 2, CNPase proteins in vitro. Moreover, Pb treatment inhibits the sodium/calcium exchanger 3 (NCX3) mRNA expression, one of the major means of calcium (Ca2+) extrusion at the plasma membrane during OPCs differentiation. Also addition of KB-R7943, NCX3 inhibitor, to simulate Pb toxicity, resulted in decreased myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and cell branching. Ca2+ response trace with Pb and KB-R7943 treatment did not drop down in the same recovery time as the control, which elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration reducing MBP expression. In contrast, over-expression of NCX3 in Pb exposed OPCs displayed significant increase MBP fluorescence signal in positive regions and CNPase expression, which recovered OPCs differentiation to counterbalance Pb toxicity. In conclusion, Pb exposure disturbs OLs differentiation via affecting the function of NCX3 by inducing intracellular calcium overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Battalion 7 of Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xiyan Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Qiyan Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yanping Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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47
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Tanaka T, Yoshida S. Mechanisms of remyelination: recent insight from experimental models. Biomol Concepts 2015; 5:289-98. [PMID: 25372760 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2014-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes and myelin play essential roles in the vertebrate central nervous system. Demyelination disrupts saltatory nerve conduction, leading to axonal degeneration and neurological disabilities. Remyelination is a regenerative process that replaces lost myelin. However, remyelination is disrupted in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, at least partially, due to the failure of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that impact the differentiation of oligodendrocytes and myelination may help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for demyelinating diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms controlling the differentiation of oligodendrocytes during remyelination, and we discuss the function of astrocytes and microglia in animal models of demyelinating diseases.
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48
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Dimou L, Gallo V. NG2-glia and their functions in the central nervous system. Glia 2015; 63:1429-51. [PMID: 26010717 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, NG2-glia represent a neural cell population that is distinct from neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. While in the past the main role ascribed to these cells was that of progenitors for oligodendrocytes, in the last years it has become more obvious that they have further functions in the brain. Here, we will discuss some of the most current and highly debated issues regarding NG2-glia: Do these cells represent a heterogeneous population? Can they give rise to different progenies, and does this change under pathological conditions? How do they respond to injury or pathology? What is the role of neurotransmitter signaling between neurons and NG2-glia? We will first give an overview on the developmental origin of NG2-glia, and then discuss whether their distinct properties in different brain regions are the result of environmental influences, or due to intrinsic differences. We will then review and discuss their in vitro differentiation potential and in vivo lineage under physiological and pathological conditions, together with their electrophysiological properties in distinct brain regions and at different developmental stages. Finally, we will focus on their potential to be used as therapeutic targets in demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this review article will highlight the importance of NG2-glia not only in the healthy, but also in the diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dimou
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, 80336, Germany.,Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - V Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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49
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Mutant huntingtin downregulates myelin regulatory factor-mediated myelin gene expression and affects mature oligodendrocytes. Neuron 2015; 85:1212-26. [PMID: 25789755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that non-neuronal mutant huntingtin toxicity plays an important role in Huntington's disease (HD); however, whether and how mutant huntingtin affects oligodendrocytes, which are vitally important for neural function and axonal integrity, remains unclear. We first verified the presence of mutant huntingtin in oligodendrocytes in HD140Q knockin mice. We then established transgenic mice (PLP-150Q) that selectively express mutant huntingtin in oligodendrocytes. PLP-150Q mice show progressive neurological symptoms and early death, as well as age-dependent demyelination and reduced expression of myelin genes that are downstream of myelin regulatory factor (MYRF or MRF), a transcriptional regulator that specifically activates and maintains the expression of myelin genes in mature oligodendrocytes. Consistently, mutant huntingtin binds abnormally to MYRF and affects its transcription activity. Our findings suggest that dysfunction of mature oligodendrocytes is involved in HD pathogenesis and may also make a good therapeutic target.
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Targeted GAS6 delivery to the CNS protects axons from damage during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurosci 2015; 34:16320-35. [PMID: 25471571 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2449-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth arrest-specific protein 6 (GAS6) is a soluble agonist of the TYRO3, AXL, MERTK (TAM) family of receptor tyrosine kinases identified to have anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and promyelinating properties. During experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), wild-type (WT) mice demonstrate a significant induction of Gas6, Axl, and Mertk but not Pros1 or Tyro3 mRNA. We tested the hypothesis that intracerebroventricular delivery of GAS6 directly into the CNS of WT mice during myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced EAE would improve the clinical course of disease relative to artificial CSF (ACSF)-treated mice. GAS6 did not delay disease onset, but significantly reduced the clinical scores during peak and chronic EAE. Mice receiving GAS6 for 28 d had preserved SMI31(+) neurofilament immunoreactivity, significantly fewer SMI32(+) axonal swellings and spheroids and less demyelination relative to ACSF-treated mice. Alternate-day subcutaneous IFNβ injection did not enhance GAS6 treatment effectiveness. Gas6(-/-) mice sensitized with MOG35-55 peptide exhibit higher clinical scores during late peak to early chronic disease, with significantly increased SMI32(+) axonal swellings and Iba1(+) microglia/macrophages, enhanced expression of several proinflammatory mRNA molecules, and decreased expression of early oligodendrocyte maturation markers relative to WT mouse spinal cords with scores for 8 consecutive days. During acute EAE, flow cytometry showed significantly more macrophages but not T-cell infiltrates in Gas6(-/-) spinal cords than WT spinal cords. Our data are consistent with GAS6 being protective during EAE by dampening the inflammatory response, thereby preserving axonal integrity and myelination.
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