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Yüce I, Oflaz Çapar A, Çetinaslan V, Deniz K, Vural A, Çağlı S, Doğan S, Gündoğ M. The Depth of Invasion and Level IV Cervical Node Metastasis in Patients with Clinically N0 Tongue Cancer. Head Neck Pathol 2024; 18:41. [PMID: 38727801 PMCID: PMC11087439 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate indication for level IV dissection is crucial for preventing complications such as phrenic nerve damage and chylous fistulas in clinically N0 tongue cancer. Although the depth of invasion is an established independent risk factor for occult lymph node metastasis in tongue cancer, its relationship with level IV metastasis has not been evaluated. This study investigated the relationship between the depth of invasion and level IV nodal metastasis in clinically N0 tongue cancer. METHODS We retrospectively investigated clinical N0 patients who underwent glossectomy and level I-IV neck dissection. We examined lymph node metastasis, risk factors, and the relationship between depth of invasion and metastasis. RESULTS Our study included 58 patients, and no patient had isolated level IV metastasis. Additionally, there was no level IV metastasis in well-differentiated tumors. Tumor size, depth of invasion, differentiation, and perineural invasion were significantly associated with level IV neck metastasis. We found a critical tumor size of 2.5 cm and depth of invasion of 8 mm for level IV neck metastasis. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we recommend that level IV dissection should be considered for poorly differentiated tumors, tumors greater than 2.5 cm in size, and those deeper than 8 mm. This study highlights the importance of depth of invasion as a prognostic factor for predicting level IV metastasis and suggests that our findings can be used to prevent unnecessary level IV dissections that may lead to complications in tongue cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imdat Yüce
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Oflaz Çapar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Veli Çetinaslan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medicana Bahçelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Deniz
- Department of Pathology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alperen Vural
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedat Çağlı
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serap Doğan
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mete Gündoğ
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Szewczyk M, Pazdrowski J, Golusiński P, Więckowska B, Golusiński W. Oral cancer in young adults: should we approach these patients differently? Front Oncol 2024; 14:1297752. [PMID: 38646430 PMCID: PMC11026602 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1297752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The influence of age on treatment outcomes in oral cancer is unclear. We aimed to determine the prevalence of oral cancer in adults under age 45 and to compare treatment outcomes by age. Methods Retrospective study of 284 patients treated for oral cancer from 2010 to 2021. The primary analysis involved the full cohort stratified by age (< vs. ≥ 45y). The second analysis included all patients under age 45 (n=44) matched 1:1 by sex and stage to older patients (age 55-70). Results In the primary analysis, the only significant difference was more comorbidities in the older group (p<0.001). In the matched-pair analysis, older patients were more likely to be smokers (75% vs. 54%; p=0.045) and had more comorbidities (p=0.007). The mean PLR and NLR values were significantly higher in the younger group. Conclusions No significant differences were observed between age groups in disease stage or outcomes, suggesting that other variables are more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Szewczyk
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Pazdrowski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Golusiński
- Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Barbara Więckowska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Golusiński
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznań, Poland
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Chen KM, Sun YW, Hu J, Balogh K, Gowda K, Aliaga C, Sun D, Christensen N, Amin S, El-Bayoumy K. Gender Difference in DNA Damage Induced by the Environmental Carcinogen Dibenzo[ def,p]chrysene Individually and in Combination with Mouse Papillomavirus Infection in the Mouse Oral Cavity. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8434-8438. [PMID: 38405470 PMCID: PMC10882652 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and human papillomavirus infection are established etiological agents in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The incidence and mortality of HNSCC are higher in men than women. To provide biochemical basis for sex differences, we tested the hypothesis that carcinogen treatment using dibenzo[def,p]chrysene, which is an environmental pollutant and tobacco smoke constituent, in the absence or presence of the mouse papillomavirus infection results in significantly higher levels of DNA damage in the oral cavity in male than in female mice. However, the results of the present investigation do not support our hypothesis since we found that females were more susceptible to carcinogen-induced covalent DNA damage than males independent of the viral infection. Since DNA damage represents only a single-step in the carcinogenesis process, additional factors may contribute to sex differences in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ming Chen
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2360, United States
| | - Yuan-Wan Sun
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2360, United States
| | - Jiafen Hu
- The
Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2360, United States
- Department
of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2360, United
States
| | - Karla Balogh
- The
Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2360, United States
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department
of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2360, United
States
| | - Cesar Aliaga
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2360, United States
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department
of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2360, United
States
| | - Neil Christensen
- The
Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2360, United States
- Department
of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2360, United
States
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department
of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2360, United
States
| | - Karam El-Bayoumy
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-2360, United States
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Burus T, Damgacioglu H, Huang B, Christian WJ, Hull PC, Ellis AR, Arnold SM, Deshmukh AA, Kuhs KAL. Recent and Projected Trends in Oral Tongue Cancer in the United States: A Demographic Shift in Case Burden as Early Onset Increases Among Females Subside. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3359293. [PMID: 37790433 PMCID: PMC10543327 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3359293/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Oral tongue cancer (OTC) incidence has increased rapidly among young (< 50 years) non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals in the United States (U.S.) over the last two decades; however, it is unknown if age-associated trajectories have persisted. Furthermore, incidence trends for all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia have never been investigated. Materials and methods Using U.S. Cancer Statistics data, we investigated incidence trends from 2001-2019, overall and according to age, sex, race/ethnicity, and state of residence. We used age-period-cohort analysis to explore temporal patterns among birth cohorts and to project future trends and case counts. Results OTC incidence increased across all age, sex, and racial/ethnic groups, with marked increases observed among the NHWs (2.9%/year; 95%CI, 2.2%-3.7%). Incidence among NHWs increased in most U.S. states, particularly in the Southeast. Increases were significantly greater among NHW females compared to males (3.6%/year vs 2.6%/year; P = 0.022). Increases among females aged 50-59 years were most notable and significantly outpaced increases among younger females (4.8%/year [95% CI, 4.1%-5.4%] vs. 3.3%/year [95% CI, 2.7%-3.8%]; P < .001). While both NHW male and female birth cohorts from 1925 to 1980 saw sustained increases, rates stabilized among females born after 1980. Should trends continue, the burden of new OTC cases among NHWs in the U.S. is projected to shift to older individuals (33.1% versus 49.3% aged ≥ 70) and females (86% case increase versus 62% among males). Conclusion The period of rapidly increasing OTC incidence among younger NHW females in the U.S. is tempering and giving way to greater increases among older females, suggesting that a birth cohort effect may have influenced previously observed trends. Recent increases among NHWs aged ≥ 50 of both sexes have matched or outpaced younger age groups. Continuing increases among older individuals, particularly females, will lead to a shift in the OTC patient profile over time.
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Soopanit T, Laokulrath N, Chayopasakul V, Pongsapich W. Prognostic value and clinicopathological status of PD-L1 expression and CD8+ TILs in oral squamous cell cancer patients with or without traditional risk factors. Head Neck 2023; 45:1017-1025. [PMID: 36811208 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-smokers, non-drinkers, and non-betel quid chewers (NSNDNBs) with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have poor survival outcomes. Tumor microenvironment based on PD-L1/CD8+ T cell infiltrated lymphocyte (TIL) proportion is proposed as a prognostic indicator. METHODS Immunohistochemistry staining was performed on OSCC samples from 64 patients. The PD-L1/CD8+ TILs were scored and stratified into four groups. Disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed using a Cox regression model. RESULTS OSCC in NSNDNB patients was associated with female sex, T1-2 classification, and PD-L1 positivity. Low CD8+ TILs correlated with perineural invasion. High CD8+ TILs correlated with improved DFS. PD-L1 positivity was not correlated with DFS. Type IV tumor microenvironment yielded the highest DFS (85%). CONCLUSION NSNDNB status relates to PD-L1 expression regardless of CD8+ TILs infiltration. Type IV tumor microenvironment was associated with the best DFS. High CD8+ TILs resulted in better survival, while PD-L1 positivity alone was not correlated to DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanion Soopanit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthawadee Laokulrath
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Veeruth Chayopasakul
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Warut Pongsapich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yan EZ, Wahle BM, Nakken ER, Chidambaram S, Getz K, Thorstad WL, Zevallos JP, Mazul AL. No survival benefit in never-smoker never-drinker patients with oral cavity cancer. Head Neck 2023; 45:567-577. [PMID: 36524736 PMCID: PMC9898183 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although strongly associated with tobacco and alcohol use, many oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) cases occur in patients without exposure to either, known as "never-smoker, never-drinkers" (NSND). We aimed to compare clinical outcomes between NSND and tobacco/alcohol-exposed populations and to define demographic characteristics of NSND. METHODS We performed a retrospective, single-institution cohort study of 672 OCSCC patients. Cox models were used to estimate differences in overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) between NSND and tobacco/alcohol-exposed patients while adjusting for confounders. RESULTS NSND represented 25.6% of our cohort and were older, more female, and more economically advantaged. Among NSND, oral tongue tumors dominated in younger patients, while alveolar ridge tumors dominated in elderly patients. Multivariate survival analysis revealed no differences in OS or RFS between NSND and tobacco/alcohol-exposed patients. CONCLUSION When adjusted for independent biologic features, clinical outcomes in OCSCC are similar between NSND and tobacco/alcohol-exposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Z. Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Wahle
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Erik R. Nakken
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Smrithi Chidambaram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kayla Getz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wade L. Thorstad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jose P. Zevallos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Angela L. Mazul
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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7
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Michikawa C, Gopalakrishnan V, Harrandah AM, Karpinets TV, Garg RR, Chu RA, Park YP, Chukkapallia SS, Yadlapalli N, Erikson-Carter KC, Gleber-Netto FO, Sayour E, Progulske-Fox A, Chan EKL, Wu X, Zhang J, Jobin C, Wargo JA, Pickering CR, Myers JN, Silver N. Fusobacterium is enriched in oral cancer and promotes induction of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Neoplasia 2022; 31:100813. [PMID: 35834946 PMCID: PMC9287628 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, increased number of studies have demonstrated a relationship between the oral microbiome and development of head and neck cancer, however, there are few studies to investigate the role of oral bacteria in the context of the tumor microenvironment in a single head and neck subsite. Here, paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues from thirty-seven oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole exome sequencing (WES), in addition to RNA sequencing for tumor samples. We observed that Fusobacterium was significantly enriched in oral tongue cancer and that Rothia and Streptococcus were enriched in adjacent normal tissues. A decrease in alpha diversity was found in tumor when compared to adjacent normal tissues. While increased Fusobacterium in tumor samples was not associated with changes in immune cell infiltration, it was associated with increased PD-L1 mRNA expression. Therefore, we examined the effects of Fusobacterium on PD-L1 expression in head and neck SCC cell lines. We demonstrated that infection with Fusobacterium species can increase both PD-L1 mRNA and surface PD-L1 protein expression on head and neck cancer cell lines. The correlation between Fusobacterium and PD-L1 expression in oral tongue SCC, in conjunction with the ability of the bacterium to induce PD-L1 expression in vitro suggests a potential role for Fusobacterium on modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Michikawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Amani M Harrandah
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Department of Oral Biology, Umm AlQura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tatiana V Karpinets
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rekha Rani Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Randy A Chu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuk Pheel Park
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sasanka S Chukkapallia
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nikhita Yadlapalli
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelly C Erikson-Carter
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Elias Sayour
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ann Progulske-Fox
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Natalie Silver
- Cleveland Clinic, Head and Neck Institute/Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Ferreira E Costa R, Leão MLB, Sant'Ana MSP, Mesquita RA, Gomez RS, Santos-Silva AR, Khurram SA, Tailor A, Schouwstra CM, Robinson L, van Heerden WFP, Tomasi RA, Gorrino R, de Prato RSF, Taylor AM, Urizar JMA, de Mendoza ILI, Radhakrishnan R, Chandrashekar C, Choi SW, Thomson P, Pontes HAR, Fonseca FP. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Frequency in Young Patients from Referral Centers Around the World. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:755-762. [PMID: 35316511 PMCID: PMC9424469 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) commonly affects older patients; however, several studies have documented an increase in its incidence among younger patients. Therefore, it is important to investigate if this trend is also found in different geographic regions. The pathology files of diagnostic and therapeutic institutions from different parts of the globe were searched for OSCC cases diagnosed from 1998 to 2018. Data regarding the sex, age, and tumor location of all cases, as well as the histologic grade and history of exposure to risk habits of cases diagnosed as OSCC in young patients (≤ 40 years of age) were obtained. The Chi-square test was used to determine any increasing trend. A total of 10,727 OSCC cases were identified, of which 626 cases affected young patients (5.8%). Manipal institution (India) showed the highest number of young patients (13.2%). Males were the most affected in both age groups, with the tongue and floor of the mouth being the most affected subsites. OSCC in young individuals were usually graded as well or moderately differentiated. Only 0.9% of the cases occurred in young patients without a reported risk habit. There was no increasing trend in the institutions and the period investigated (p > 0.05), but a decreasing trend was observed in Hong Kong and the sample as a whole (p < 0.001). In conclusion there was no increase of OSCC in young patients in the institutions investigated and young white females not exposed to any known risk factor represented a rare group of patients affected by OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ferreira E Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina Luiza Baião Leão
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Sissa Pereira Sant'Ana
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alves Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Syed Ali Khurram
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Artysha Tailor
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ciska-Mari Schouwstra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Liam Robinson
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Willie F P van Heerden
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Romina Gorrino
- Department of Pathology, Dental School, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Chetana Chandrashekar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hélder Antônio Rebelo Pontes
- Service of Oral Pathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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9
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Jones BM, Villavisanis DF, Lehrer EJ, Dickstein DR, Sindhu KK, Misiukiewicz KJ, Posner M, Liu JT, Gupta V, Sharma S, Roof SA, Teng M, Genden EM, Bakst RL. High Failure Rates in Young Nonsmoker Nondrinkers With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue. Laryngoscope 2022; 133:1110-1121. [PMID: 35716359 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) There has been a disproportionate increase in the incidence of young patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT). The purpose of this study was to compare young patients to older patients with SCCOT without prior drinking or smoking history as this population is poorly characterized in the literature. METHODS A retrospective review of patients presenting to our institution with SCCOT was performed. The clinical and pathologic characteristics, as well as, outcomes were compared between younger patients (age ≤45) and older patients (age >45). Outcome analysis was performed using Kaplan Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were performed for age and stage. RESULTS Eighty-two patients (38 young, 44 old) were included in this study. Median follow-up was 29.4 months. When compared to the older cohort (age >45), the younger cohort (age ≤45) demonstrated lower rates of 5-year locoregional control (LC) (79.6% vs. 52.5%, p = 0.043) and distant metastasis-free survival (88.1% vs. 61.8%, p = 0.006). Both cohorts demonstrated similar overall survival rates (55.5% vs. 58.1%) and disease-specific survival (66.2% vs. 58.1%). Of patients experiencing locoregional failure with available radiation therapy plans and PET scans in younger cohorts (n = 7), 100% demonstrated in-field failures. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards demonstrated age was an independent predictor of DMFS (p = 0.004) and the advanced stage was a predictor of DSS (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Young, nondrinker, nonsmokers with SCCOT demonstrate high rates of locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, and in-field failures. Future studies are warranted to determine underlying mechanisms driving pathogenesis in this unique cohort. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M Jones
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dillan F Villavisanis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eric J Lehrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel R Dickstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kunal K Sindhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Krzysztof J Misiukiewicz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marshall Posner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jerry T Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sonam Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott A Roof
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marita Teng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eric M Genden
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard L Bakst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Steffen C, Piwonski I, Heiland M, Stromberger C, Kofla G, Doll C, Coordes A, Beck-Broichsitter B. Influence of Tumor Site on Survival in Young Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:969-980. [PMID: 35200581 PMCID: PMC8870694 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients under the age of 45 diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) is increasing, probably due to the incidence of oropharyngeal cancers. Comparisons of HNSCC in young and old patients regarding tumor site and survival in sample sizes of relevance are rarely published. The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in survival between age groups dependent on tumor site and the influence of oropharyngeal cancers on the rising rates of HNSCC in the young. The records of 4466 patients diagnosed with HNSCC were reviewed retrospectively. Patients younger than 45 years were divided further into four subgroups for specific age differences in the young. The influences of patient and clinicopathological characteristics on survival were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analyses. Among the patient cohort, 4.8% were younger than 45 years. Overall survival (OS) in these patients was better, with a 5-year OS of 66.1% (vs. 46.4%), while relapse-free survival (RFS) was better in the older patient population, with a 5-year RFS of 74.9% (vs. 68.1%). Decreased RFS in the young was found for advanced tumor stages and tumor sited at the larynx. Hypopharynx and advanced stages were independent risk factors for OS under 45 years. Overall, 44.4% of all HNSCC in patients under 30 years were nasopharyngeal cancers, and incidence decreased with age. The incidence of oropharyngeal cancers increased significantly with age. Better OS in the young may be explained by lower tumor and disease stages, whereas oropharyngeal tumors and HPV were not found to cause rising rates of HNSCC. Laryngeal malignancies in young patients might be related to an increased malignant potential and should, consequently, be treated as such.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Steffen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.); (C.D.); (B.B.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-655083; Fax: +49-30-450-555901
| | - Iris Piwonski
- Department of Pathology, Campus Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.); (C.D.); (B.B.-B.)
| | - Carmen Stromberger
- Department of Radiooncology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Grzegorz Kofla
- Department of Oncology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian Doll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.); (C.D.); (B.B.-B.)
| | - Annekatrin Coordes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Benedicta Beck-Broichsitter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.H.); (C.D.); (B.B.-B.)
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11
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Chiruvella V, Guddati AK. Analysis of Race and Gender Disparities in Mortality Trends from Patients Diagnosed with Nasopharyngeal, Oropharyngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer from 2000 to 2017. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6315-6323. [PMID: 34629896 PMCID: PMC8495144 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s301837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx constitutes a majority of head neck malignancies. The incidence-based mortality across different races has been noted to be divergent. This study analyzes the trend in incidence-based mortality from the years 2000 to 2017 amongst both the genders in Caucasian/White and African American/Black patients. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database was queried to conduct a nation-wide analysis for the years 2000 to 2017. Incidence-based mortality for all stages of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer was queried and the results were grouped by race (Caucasian/White, African American/Black, American Indian/Alaskan native and Asian/Pacific Islander) and gender. All stages and ages were included in the analysis. t-test was used to determine statistically significant differences between various subgroups. Linearized trend lines were used to visualize the mortality trends of all sub groups. Results Across all races, the male to female gender disparity in mortality was ~1:3 in patients with nasopharynx and became worse to ~1:4 and ~1:5 for patients with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers, respectively. Notably, the highest incidence-based mortality for nasopharyngeal cancers is seen in Asian/pacific Islander males and a similar peak is noted for hypopharyngeal cancers in African American/Black males. Incidence-based mortality rates (per 1000) for nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer of all races and both the genders was noted to be divergent. Conclusion A significant gender disparity exists in all three pharyngeal cancers across all races. It is unclear if female gender is protective but further study is warranted in a stage-specific and age-specific manner to better understand this disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Chiruvella
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30909, USA
| | - Achuta Kumar Guddati
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30909, USA
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12
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Luo SD, Chiu TJ, Chen WC, Wang CS. Sex Differences in Otolaryngology: Focus on the Emerging Role of Estrogens in Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168768. [PMID: 34445474 PMCID: PMC8395901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Otolaryngology (also known as ear, nose, and throat (ENT)) diseases can be significantly affected by the level of sex hormones, which indicates that sex differences affect the manifestation, pathophysiology, and outcomes of these diseases. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that proinflammatory responses in ENT diseases are linked to the level of sex hormones. The sex hormone receptors are present on a wide variety of immune cells; therefore, it is evident that they play crucial roles in regulating the immune system and hence affect the disease progression of ENT diseases. In this review, we focus on how sex hormones, particularly estrogens, regulate ENT diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis, vocal fold polyps, thyroid cancer, Sjögren’s syndrome, and head and neck cancers, from the perspectives of inflammatory responses and specialized proresolving mediator-driven resolution. This paper aims to clarify why considering sex differences in the field of basic and medical research on otolaryngology is a key component to successful therapy for both males and females in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dean Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (S.-D.L.); (W.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Jan Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (S.-D.L.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Ching-Shuen Wang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-227-361-661 (ext. 5166)
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13
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Adeoye J, Tan JY, Ip CM, Choi SW, Thomson P. "Fact or fiction?": Oral cavity cancer in nonsmoking, nonalcohol drinking patients as a distinct entity-Scoping review. Head Neck 2021; 43:3662-3680. [PMID: 34313348 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity cancer is often described as a lifestyle-related malignancy due to its strong associations with habitual factors, including tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing. However, patients with no genetically predisposing conditions who do not indulge in these risk habits are still being encountered, albeit less commonly. The aim of this review is to summarize contemporaneous reports on these nonsmoking, nonalcohol drinking (NSND) patients. We performed database searching to identify relevant studies from January 1, 2000 to March 31, 2021. Twenty-six articles from 20 studies were included in this study. We found that these individuals were mostly females in their eighth decade with tumors involving the tongue and gingivobuccal mucosa. This review also observed that these patients were likely diagnosed with early stage tumors with overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and increased intensity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Treatment response and disease-specific prognosis were largely comparable between NSND and smoking/drinking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia Yan Tan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheuk Man Ip
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Yang Z, Du W, Zhang X, Chen D, Fang Q, He Y, Yang Y, Li D, Fan J. Nonsmoking and Nondrinking Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Different Entity. Front Oncol 2021; 11:558320. [PMID: 34262853 PMCID: PMC8273760 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.558320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Our goal was to analyze the demographic and pathologic characteristics as well as prognosis in nonsmoking and nondrinking (NSND) oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients compared with typical oral SCC patients. Patients and Methods A total of 353 patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into two groups: the NSND group and the current smoking/current drinking (CSCD) group. Demographic, pathologic, and molecular data were compared between the two groups. The main research endpoints were locoregional control (LRC) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results In the NSND group, 16.3%, 41.9%, and 53.5% of patients were aged no more than 40 years, were female, and had an educational background of high school or above compared to 3.7%, 6.0%, and 38.2% of patients in the CSCD group, respectively. A total of 15.1% of the NSND patients had SCC of the lower gingiva and floor of the mouth, which was lower than the 35.6% of patients in the CSCD group. CSCD patients were likely to have an advanced disease stage (48.7% vs 32.5%, p=0.042) and poorly differentiated cancer (26.6% vs 16.3%, p=0.042). The NSND patients had a mean Ki-67 index of 24.5%, which was lower than the mean of 35.7% in the CSCD patients. The two groups had no HPV infection and similar p16 expression (4.7% vs 10.1%, p=0.132), but there was higher expression of p53 (38.6% vs 17.4%, p<0.001) and p63 (59.9% vs 29.1%, p<0.001) in the CSCD group. The 5-year LRC rates for NSND patients and CSCD patients were 48% and 38%, respectively, and the difference was significant (p=0.048). The 5-year DSS rates for NSND patients and CSCD patients were 56% and 39%, respectively, and the difference was significant (p=0.047). Further, a Cox model confirmed the independence of smoking and drinking status for affecting LRC and DSS. Conclusion NSND oral SCC patients are a different entity. HPV infection has a limited role in carcinogenesis in NSND patients, and p16 expression is associated with worse locoregional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Defeng Chen
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qigen Fang
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuezhong He
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ding Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Head Neck and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Adeoye J, Hui L, Tan JY, Koohi-Moghadam M, Choi SW, Thomson P. Prognostic value of non-smoking, non-alcohol drinking status in oral cavity cancer. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6909-6918. [PMID: 33991259 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the treatment response and prognosis of oral cavity cancer between non-smoking and non-alcohol-drinking (NSND) patients and smoking and alcohol-drinking (SD) patients. METHODS A total of 313 consecutively treated patients from 2000 to 2019 were included. Demographic, clinicopathologic, treatment, and prognosis information were obtained. Relapse-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between NSND and SD groups using Kaplan-Meier plots, log-rank test, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Sample prevalence of NSND patients was 54.6%. These patients were predominantly females in their eighth decade with lower prevalence of floor of the mouth cancers compared to SD patients (1.8% vs 14.8%). No difference in the RFS and DSS between both groups was found following multivariable analysis; however, NSND patients had better OS (HR (95% CI) - 0.47 (0.29-0.75); p = 0.002). Extracapsular extension was associated with significantly poorer OS, DSS, and RFS in this oral cavity cancer cohort. CONCLUSION Treatment response and disease-specific prognosis are comparable between NSND and SD patients with oral cavity cancer. However, NSND patients have better OS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study shows that oral cavity cancer in NSND is not less or more aggressive compared to SD patients. Although better survival is expected for NSND than SD patients, this is likely due to the reduced incidence of other chronic diseases in the NSND group.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Liuling Hui
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia Yan Tan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mohamad Koohi-Moghadam
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Oral Cancer Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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PRKCA Overexpression Is Frequent in Young Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092082. [PMID: 33923093 PMCID: PMC8123332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCCs) have an increasing incidence in young patients, and many have an aggressive course of disease. The objective of this study was to identify candidate prognostic protein markers associated with early-onset OTSCC. We performed an exploratory screening for differential protein expression in younger (≤45 years) versus older (>45 years) OTSCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 97). Expression of candidate markers was then validated in an independent Austrian OTSCC patient group (n = 34) by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were computed, and genomic and mRNA enrichment in silico analyses were performed. Overexpression of protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA) was significantly more frequent among young patients of both the TCGA (p = 0.0001) and the Austrian cohort (p = 0.02), associated with a negative anamnesis for alcohol consumption (p = 0.009) and tobacco smoking (p = 0.02) and poorer overall survival (univariate p = 0.02, multivariate p< 0.01). Within the young subgroup, both overall and disease-free survival were significantly decreased in patients with PRKCA overexpression (both p < 0.001). TCGA mRNA enrichment analysis revealed 332 mRNAs with significant differential expression in PRKCA-upregulated versus PRKCA-downregulated OTSCC (all FDR ≤ 0.01). Our findings suggest that PRKCA overexpression may be a hallmark of a novel molecular subtype of early-onset alcohol- and tobacco-negative high-risk OTSCC. Further analysis of the molecular PRKCA interactome may decipher the underlying mechanisms of carcinogenesis and clinicopathological behavior of PRKCA-overexpressing OTSCC.
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17
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Deneuve S, Guerlain J, Dupret-Bories A, Majoufre C, Philouze P, Ceruse P, Perreard M, Sigaud N, Barry B, Ransy P, Schultz P, Malard O, Morinière S, Chatellier A, De Monès E, Folia M, Virard F, Fervers B. Oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas in young patients according to their smoking status: a GETTEC study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:415-424. [PMID: 33877432 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is increasing, especially in young adults, despite decreasing tobacco and alcohol consumption. METHODS This multicentric retrospective study of 185 young adults with OTSCC (median follow-up 43 months), investigated risk factors, tumour characteristics and oncological outcomes according to the smoking status. RESULTS Overall, 38% of patients were smokers (S). Non-smokers (NS) were significantly younger than S. Sex ratios were 1.1 for N and 1.8 for S. NS patients were less frequently cannabis or alcohol users than S, but were more likely to have a history of leukoplakia. Second primaries were observed in NS (4.4%) and in S (12.7%). Despite more frequent local relapse in NS (p = 0.018), there was no difference in diagnostic stage and overall survival between groups. CONCLUSION OTSCC affects differently young S and NS patients suggesting the existence of a specific clinical entity of OTSCC in non-smoking young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Deneuve
- Surgical Oncology Department, Léon Bérard Comprehensive Cancer Center, 28 rue Laennec, 69008, Lyon, France. .,INSERM UA8, Radiation: Défense, Santé , Environnement, Lyon, France.
| | - Joanne Guerlain
- Head and Neck Department, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Agnès Dupret-Bories
- Head and Neck Department, Toulouse University Cancer Institute, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Majoufre
- Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU Bordeaux Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Nicolas Sigaud
- Maxillofacial Surgery, CHU Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - François Virard
- INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center, centre Léon Berard, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Faculté d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- INSERM UA8, Radiation: Défense, Santé , Environnement, Lyon, France.,Cancer and Environnement Department, Léon Bérard Comprehensive Cancer Center, Lyon, France
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18
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Ansarin M, De Berardinis R, Corso F, Giugliano G, Bruschini R, De Benedetto L, Zorzi S, Maffini F, Sovardi F, Pigni C, Scaglione D, Alterio D, Cossu Rocca M, Chiocca S, Gandini S, Tagliabue M. Survival Outcomes in Oral Tongue Cancer: A Mono-Institutional Experience Focusing on Age. Front Oncol 2021; 11:616653. [PMID: 33912446 PMCID: PMC8075362 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.616653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The prognostic role of age among patients affected by Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OTSCC) is a topic of debate. Recent cohort studies have found that patients diagnosed at 40 years of age or younger have a better prognosis. The aim of this cohort study was to clarify whether age is an independent prognostic factor and discuss heterogeneity of outcomes by stage and treatments in different age groups. Methods We performed a study on 577 consecutive patients affected by primary tongue cancer and treated with surgery and adjuvant therapy according to stage, at European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS. Patients with age at diagnosis below 40 years totaled 109 (19%). Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), tongue specific free survival (TSFS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) were compared by age groups. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the independent role of age. Results The median follow-up time was 5.01 years (range 0–18.68) years with follow-up recorded up to February 2020. After adjustment for all the significant confounding and prognostic factors, age remained independently associated with OS and DSF (respectively, p = 0.002 and p = 0.02). In CSS and TSFS curves, the role of age seems less evident (respectively, p = 0.14 and p = 0.0.37). In the advanced stage sub-group (stages III–IV), age was significantly associated with OS and CSS with almost double increased risk of dying (OS) and dying from tongue cancer (CSS) in elderly compared to younger groups (OS: HR = 2.16 95%, CI: 1.33–3.51, p= 0.001; CSS: HR = 1.76 95%, CI: 1.03–3.01, p = 0.02, respectively). In our study, young patients were more likely to be treated with intensified therapies (glossectomies types III–V and adjuvant radio-chemotherapy). Age was found as a prognostic factor, independently of other significant factors and treatment. Also the T–N tract involved by disease and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥3 were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions Young age at diagnosis is associated with a better overall survival. Fewer younger people than older people died from tongue cancer in advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohssen Ansarin
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita De Berardinis
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Corso
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, DMAT, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Center for Analysis Decisions and Society, CADS, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Giugliano
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Bruschini
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi De Benedetto
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Zorzi
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fausto Maffini
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Sovardi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Policlinico San Matteo, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carolina Pigni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano, Italy
| | - Donatella Scaglione
- Division of Data Manager, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Alterio
- Division of Radiotherapy, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cossu Rocca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Urogenital and Head and Neck Tumors Medical Treatment, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tagliabue
- Division of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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19
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Lucena IMD, Santos IDS, Daroit NB, Salgueiro AP, Cavagni J, Haas AN, Rados PV. Sun protection as a protective factor for actinic cheilitis: Cross-sectional population-based study. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1802-1810. [PMID: 33751725 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether sun protection is associated with lower occurrence of actinic cheilitis in adults living in a city from southern Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi-stage proportional sample of 404 individuals 18 years and older was obtained. Interviews and clinical examinations were conducted in participants' households. Four categories of self-reported use of sun protection were determined. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to assess the associations. RESULTS Prevalence of actinic cheilitis was 47.1%. In the first main-effects multivariable model, AC was significantly associated with sex, age, skin colour and duration of sun exposure, but not with sun protection. However, the association between sun protection and actinic cheilitis was modified by the time of sun exposure. Among those exposed ≥4 hr/day to sun, individuals using physical protection or physical + chemical protection were 33% (prevalence ratio = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-0.94, p = .02) and 36% (PR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.94, p = .02), respectively, less likely to have actinic cheilitis than those who did not use any sun protection, adjusting for sex, age and skin colour. CONCLUSIONS Physical and chemical sun protection were associated with lower occurrence of actinic cheilitis in individuals with greater exposure to sun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieda Milani de Lucena
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ingrid da Silva Santos
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natália Batista Daroit
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arthur Pias Salgueiro
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliano Cavagni
- Periodontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alex Nogueira Haas
- Periodontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pantelis Varvaki Rados
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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20
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Koo K, Mouradov D, Angel CM, Iseli TA, Wiesenfeld D, McCullough MJ, Burgess AW, Sieber OM. Genomic Signature of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas from Non-Smoking Non-Drinking Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051029. [PMID: 33804510 PMCID: PMC7957667 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A clinically distinct cohort of non-smoking non-drinking patients who develop oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas has been identified, with previous work suggesting that these patients tend to be older, female, and have poor outcomes. Our study characterised tumour molecular alterations in these patients, identifying differences in genomic profiles as compared to patients who smoke and/or drink. Associations between molecular alterations and other clinical and pathological characteristics were also explored. Abstract Molecular alterations in 176 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) were evaluated to delineate differences in non-smoking non-drinking (NSND) patients. Somatic mutations and DNA copy number variations (CNVs) in a 68-gene panel and human papilloma virus (HPV) status were interrogated using targeted next-generation sequencing. In the entire cohort, TP53 (60%) and CDKN2A (24%) were most frequently mutated, and the most common CNVs were EGFR amplifications (9%) and deletions of BRCA2 (5%) and CDKN2A (4%). Significant associations were found for TP53 mutation and nodal disease, lymphovascular invasion and extracapsular spread, CDKN2A mutation or deletion with advanced tumour stage, and EGFR amplification with perineural invasion and extracapsular spread. PIK3CA mutation, CDKN2A deletion, and EGFR amplification were associated with worse survival in univariate analyses (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). There were 59 NSND patients who tended to be female and older than patients who smoke and/or drink, and showed enrichment of CDKN2A mutations, EGFR amplifications, and BRCA2 deletions (p < 0.05 for all comparisons), with a younger subset showing higher mutation burden. HPV was detected in three OSCC patients and not associated with smoking and drinking habits. NSND OSCC exhibits distinct genomic profiles and further exploration to elucidate the molecular aetiology in these patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendrick Koo
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.K.); (D.M.); (A.W.B.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.A.I.); (D.W.)
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia;
| | - Dmitri Mouradov
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.K.); (D.M.); (A.W.B.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | - Tim A. Iseli
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.A.I.); (D.W.)
| | - David Wiesenfeld
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.A.I.); (D.W.)
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia;
| | | | - Antony W. Burgess
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.K.); (D.M.); (A.W.B.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.A.I.); (D.W.)
| | - Oliver M. Sieber
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medial Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.K.); (D.M.); (A.W.B.)
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (T.A.I.); (D.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
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21
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Adeoye J, Thomson P. A call for an established oral cancer classification by etiology and revision of related terminology. Oral Dis 2021; 28:840-842. [PMID: 33512047 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Peter Thomson
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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22
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Bahethi RR, Stepan KO, Pinotti R, Li R, Agrawal N, Puram SV, Miles BA, Barber B. Genetic Mutations in Young Nonsmoking Patients With Oral Cavity Cancer: A Systematic Review. OTO Open 2020; 4:2473974X20970181. [PMID: 33210069 PMCID: PMC7643225 DOI: 10.1177/2473974x20970181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This investigation aims to review the known genetic mutations associated with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) in young adults with limited environmental risk factors (YLERs). Data Sources A comprehensive search strategy was designed to identify studies in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Scopus from database inception to May 2017 that included adults ≤50 years of age with OCSCC and minimal tobacco use history (≤10 pack-years) who had their tumors genetically sequenced or mutational profiles analyzed. Review Methods Identified articles were screened by 2 reviewers. Quality of evidence was graded by the MINORS criteria for case-control studies; other studies were graded by assigning a level of evidence for gene mutation literature. Results Thirteen studies met our inclusion criteria, and 130 patients met our criteria for age and tobacco history. TP53 was the most commonly evaluated gene (10 of 13 studies) and the most frequently observed mutation. One study reported that nonsmokers had significantly fewer TP53 mutations, while 9 studies found no difference in the prevalence of TP53 mutations. No other mutations were found specific to this cohort. Conclusions TP53 mutations may occur at a similar rate in YLERs with OCSCC as compared with older patients or those with risk factors. However, few studies have aimed to characterize the genetic landscape of oral cavity tumors in this population, often with small sample sizes. Future studies are needed to explore unidentified genetic alterations leading to tumor susceptibility or alternative mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini R Bahethi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katelyn O Stepan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rachel Pinotti
- Gustave L. and Janet W. Levy Library, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brett A Miles
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brittany Barber
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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23
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Mulder FJ, Pierssens DDCG, Baijens LWJ, Kremer B, Speel EJM. Evidence for different molecular parameters in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of nonsmokers and nondrinkers: Systematic review and meta-analysis on HPV, p16, and TP53. Head Neck 2020; 43:303-322. [PMID: 33098216 PMCID: PMC7756438 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this review was to present an overview of the currently identified molecular parameters in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of nonsmokers and nondrinkers (NSND). METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. RESULTS Of the 902 analyzed unique studies, 74 were included in a quantitative synthesis and 24 in a meta-analysis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was reported as a molecular parameter in 38 studies, followed by p16 and TP53 (23 and 14 studies, respectively). The variety of other molecular parameters concerned sporadic findings in small numbers of NSND. CONCLUSIONS HNSCC in NSND is more often related to HPV and p16 overexpression compared to tumors of smokers-drinkers. In a third of virus-negative tumors, TP53 mutations were detected with a mutational profile associated with aging and ultraviolet light exposure rather than to tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans J Mulder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Damiana D C G Pierssens
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Laura W J Baijens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ernst-Jan M Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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24
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Kiss F, Pohóczky K, Szállási A, Helyes Z. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Head-and-Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6374. [PMID: 32887395 PMCID: PMC7569891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) remain a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is a largely preventable disease with smoking, alcohol abuse, and human papilloma virus (HPV) being the main risk factors. Yet, many patients are diagnosed with advanced disease, and no survival improvement has been seen for oral SCC in the past decade. Clearly, new diagnostic and prognostic markers are needed for early diagnosis and to guide therapy. Gene expression studies implied the involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. TRPs are expressed in normal epithelium where they play a key role in proliferation and differentiation. There is increasing evidence that the expression of TRP channels may change in HNSCC with important implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. In this review, we propose that TRP channel expression may afford a novel opportunity for early diagnosis of HNSCC and targeted molecular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Kiss
- Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - Krisztina Pohóczky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Arpad Szállási
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- PharmInVivo Ltd., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary
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25
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Lenouvel D, González-Moles MÁ, Ruiz-Ávila I, Chamorro-Santos C, González-Ruiz L, González-Ruiz I, Ramos-García P. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PD-L1 in oral cancer: A preliminary retrospective immunohistochemistry study. Oral Dis 2020; 27:173-182. [PMID: 32583572 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relation between PD-L1 expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas and clinicopathological features as well as survival outcomes. METHODS A retrospective immunohistochemical study was carried out on 55 archived tumours from 55 patients. Tumours were stained for PD-L1 and scored by the proportion of tumour cells with positive membranous staining. PD-L1 scores were compared to the patient's clinicopathological characteristics for any significant associations. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for PD-L1 positive and negative tumours to investigate any advantage to survival. RESULTS Positive PD-L1 staining was found in 58% of tumours and was significantly more likely in non-smokers, non-drinkers and in tongue squamous cell carcinomas. Increased PD-L1 was also associated with increased lymphocyte infiltration as well as PD-L1 staining in lymphocytes and the epithelium adjacent to tumour invasion. No survival benefit was seen from PD-L1 expression in tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 expression is more common in non-smokers and non-drinkers, and its presence in the adjacent non-tumour epithelium suggests it may be involved in early oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Ruiz-Ávila
- Biosanitaria Research Institute, Granada, Spain.,Pathology Service, San Cecilio Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | - Clara Chamorro-Santos
- Biosanitaria Research Institute, Granada, Spain.,Pathology Service, San Cecilio Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucía González-Ruiz
- Dermatology Service, Ciudad Real General University Hospital, Ciudad Real, Spain
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26
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Lee SU, Moon SH, Choi SW, Cho KH, Park JY, Jung YS, Ryu J, Ryu CH, Yun T, Kim TH, Youn SH, Oh ES. Prognostic significance of smoking and alcohol history in young age oral cavity cancer. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1440-1448. [PMID: 32430951 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess prognostic factors of patients with operable oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), focusing on the associations with smoking/alcohol exposure and age. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 247 patients with OSCC who received curative surgery ± adjuvant radiotherapy were analyzed. The patient subgroups were divided according to pretreatment smoking/alcohol exposure. Individuals aged 45 years or less were classified as younger patients. RESULTS The median follow-up was 52.2 months. The 5-year locoregional progression-free survival (LRFFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates were 85.2%, 88.3%, 78.1%, and 83.5%, respectively. An advanced stage, differentiation, and lympho-vascular space invasion were significantly associated with lower OS and CSS. In a subgroup analysis of younger patients (n = 49), more smoking/alcohol exposure was significantly associated with better OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05-0.95, p = .043). With increasing age, the HR for smoking/alcohol exposure with respect to OS increased up to 11.59 (95% CI: 1.49-89.84, p = .019) in older patients. CONCLUSION Younger OSCC patients with non- or less smoking/alcohol exposure showed unfavorable outcomes. The prognostic significance of pretreatment smoking/alcohol exposure changed from favorable to detrimental with increasing age in operable OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Uk Lee
- Proton Therapy Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Moon
- Proton Therapy Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Weon Choi
- Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kwan Ho Cho
- Proton Therapy Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.,Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Joo Yong Park
- Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yuh-Seok Jung
- Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Junsun Ryu
- Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Ryu
- Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Tak Yun
- Center for Specific Organs Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Proton Therapy Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang Hee Youn
- Proton Therapy Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun Sang Oh
- Proton Therapy Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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27
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Tomo S, Neto SC, Collado FU, Sundefeld ML, Bernabé DG, Biasoli ÉR, Miyahara GI. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in young patients: a 26-year clinicopathologic retrospective study in a Brazilian specialized center. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e416-e424. [PMID: 32134900 PMCID: PMC7211379 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To describe the clinicopathologic profile of young patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and compare to middle-aged and elderly adults.
Material and Methods Patients’ individual records were reviewed for clinicopathologic data. Eighty-nine patients with age 18-45 years old met the inclusion criteria of the study. Two additional groups of middle-aged (n=89) and old (n=89) adults were set to comparative analysis.
Results Young patients represented 11.9% of all patients diagnosed with HNSCC. Women were more affected by HNSCC in the young and elder groups (p= 0.04), and young patients were more prone to be non-smokers (p= 0.01) and have lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis (p=0.04). In the young group, patients diagnosed with the disease in advanced stages were more prone to have a positive familial history of cancer (p= 0.04), a positive status of alcohol consumption (p= 0.03), and to be heavy drinkers (p= 0.01). Survival was not different for the young group in comparison to the other groups.
Conclusions HNSCC in young patients had a different profile when compared to older patients, especially regarding sex and exposure to the classic risk factors for this disease. The survival of the young group is similar to the older groups and advanced clinical stage is predictor of worse survival. Key words:Mouth neoplasms, young adult, epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tomo
- Oral Oncology Center, Araçatuba Dental School São Paulo State University - UNESP José Bonifácio Street, 1193, Araçatuba São Paulo, 16015-050, Brazil
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28
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Barros-Silva PG, Fontes-Borges MM, Costa-Dias C, Mota-Lemos JV, Socorro-Saldanha-Cunha MD, Fernandes-Souza E, Sousa-Dantas T, Bitu-Sousa F. Clinical-pathological and sociodemographic factors associated with the distant metastasis and overall survival of oral cavity and oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e375-e382. [PMID: 32271320 PMCID: PMC7211363 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of clinical-pathological and sociodemographic factors on the prevalence of distant metastasis (DM) and overall survival in patients with oral cavity and oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional study based on the records of 404 OOSCC patients evaluated for DM, covering the period 2000-2014. We analysed the influence of age, sex, level of schooling, primary tumor subsite, treatment, marital status, family history of cancer, history of smoking and alcohol consumption, type of health care coverage (private vs. public) and overall survival. Findings were submitted to Fisher's exact test, Pearson's chi-squared test, Mantel-Cox log-rank testing and multinomial and Cox regression analysis (SPSS v. 20.0; p<0.05). RESULTS The prevalence of DM was 5.4% (22/404). The respiratory tract was the most affected DM site (n=9; 40.9%). Male sex (p=0.049), oropharyngeal primary tumor (p=0.008), stage T3-4 (p=0.022), lymph node metastasis (N+) (p<0.001) and palliative treatment (p=0.005) were directly associated with DM. Patients with oral primary tumours (p=0.343) and primary oropharyngeal tumours (p=0.242) did not differ significantly with regard to the prevalence of DM. N+ was an independent risk factor for DM (p=0.017). Five variables independently reduced overall survival: male sex (p=0.035), age >65 years (p=0.046), indigenous/brown racial type (p=0.045), palliative treatment (p=0.035) and DM (p=0.048). CONCLUSIONS Lymph node metastasis independently increased the prevalence of DM and, along with male sex, older age, brown racial type and palliative treatment, was independently associated with poor prognosis in patients with OOSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-G Barros-Silva
- Department of Dentistry Unichristus, Rua João Adolfo Gurgel 133 Aldeota, 60160-196, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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29
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Bao X, Liu F, Chen Q, Chen L, Lin J, Chen F, Wang J, Qiu Y, Shi B, Pan L, Lin L, He B. Propensity score analysis exploring the impact of smoking and drinking on the prognosis of patients with oral cancer. Head Neck 2020; 42:1837-1847. [PMID: 32031313 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the effect of smoking and drinking on survival of patients with oral cancer by comparing the characteristics and survival of nonsmoking and nondrinking (NSND) patients in contrast to smoking and/or drinking (SD) patients. METHODS This prospective study including 1165 patients with oral cancer was conducted in Fujian, China from January 2005 to January 2019. The patients were categorized to two groups, the NSND group and SD group. We compared overall survival and disease-specific survival between the two groups using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression before and after propensity score matching (PSM) to explore the effect of smoking and drinking on the prognosis of patients with oral cancer. RESULTS NSND patients accounted for 55.45% (646 patients) of all the patients with oral cancer. SD patients with oral cancer tended to be older and mainly are male (98.46%) and with more advanced disease status. There are trends toward both higher risk of all-cause death (HR = 1.678; 95% CI: 1.086-2.594) and oral cancer specific death (HR = 1.632; 95% CI: 1.044-2.552) in SD patients with oral cancer before PSM. After PSM, the association is still significant, with adjusted HR of 1.897 (95% CI: 1.138-3.165) for all-cause death and adjusted HR of 1.764 (95% CI: 1.043-2.983) for oral cancer-specific death. Additionally, PSM can improve the HR value and result in a stronger association. CONCLUSIONS Social and clinical characteristics of NSND patients differed from SD patients with oral cancer. SD patients with oral cancer have higher all-cause mortality and oral cancer-specific mortality than NSND patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Fengqiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Fa Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory Center, The Major Subject of Environment and Health of Fujian Key Universities, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lizhen Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lisong Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Baochang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs6942067 Is a Risk Factor in Young and in Non-Smoking Patients with HPV Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010055. [PMID: 31878157 PMCID: PMC7017251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors behind the increasing incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in young non-smokers are suspected, but have not been identified. Recently, rs6942067, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located upstream of the DCBLD1 gene, was found associated with non-smoking lung adenocarcinoma. To validate if this SNP is also implicated in HNSCC, participants of The Cancer Genome Atlas HNSCC cohort were investigated for rs6942067 status, associated DCBLD1 expression, and clinical characteristics. Occurrence of the rs6942067 GG genotype is significantly higher in young and in HPV negative non-smoking HNSCC than in other HNSCC. Additionally, rs6942067 GG is associated with higher DCBLD1 expression in HNSCC and patients with high DCBLD1 expression have a worse overall survival at three years, both in univariate and multivariate analysis. Furthermore, high DCBLD1 expression is associated with activation of the integrin signaling pathway and its phosphorylation with EGFR and MET. Collectively, these findings suggest that DCBLD1 plays a critical role in HNSCC and demonstrate an association between rs6942067 and clinical characteristics of young age and HPV negative non-smoking status in HNSCC patients.
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31
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Choi G, Song JS, Choi SH, Nam SY, Kim SY, Roh JL, Lee BK, Cho KJ. Comparison of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue between Young and Old Patients. J Pathol Transl Med 2019; 53:369-377. [PMID: 31602967 PMCID: PMC6877439 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2019.09.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The worldwide incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCCOT) in young patients has been increasing. We investigated clinicopathologic features of this unique population and compared them with those of SCCOT in the elderly to delineate its pathogenesis. Methods We compared clinicopathological parameters between patients under and over 45 years old. Immunohistochemical assays of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, p53, p16, mdm2, cyclin D1, and glutathione S-transferase P1 were also compared between them. Results Among 189 cases, 51 patients (27.0%) were under 45 years of age. A higher proportion of women was seen in the young group, but was not statistically significant. Smoking and drinking behaviors between age groups were similar. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis showed no significant difference by age and sex other than higher histologic grades observed in young patients. Conclusions SCCOT in young adults has similar clinicopathological features to that in the elderly, suggesting that both progress via similar pathogenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuheon Choi
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Seon Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Yuhl Nam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Lyel Roh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bu-Kyu Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ja Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Wu J, Li L, Wang Y, Ren X, Lin K, He Y. The HSP90/Akt pathway may mediate artemether-induced apoptosis of Cal27 cells. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1726-1733. [PMID: 31376209 PMCID: PMC6768108 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in oral and maxillofacial regions. Recent research has found that artemether can inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of cancer cells, although the mechanism is not clear. The present study aimed to explore the correlation between the HSP90/Akt pathway and artemether‐induced apoptosis of Cal27 cells. A cell counting kit‐8 and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferation and apoptosis of Cal27 cells, respectively, mRNA expression was examined by quantitative RT‐PCR, and protein expression was detected by western blotting. Our data revealed that artemether can inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of Cal27 cells. As the artemether concentration was increased, we observed downregulation of the expression of HSP90, p‐Akt and p‐mTOR in Cal27 cells, whereas the expression of Akt was not significantly changed. We also observed a time‐dependent decrease in the expression of HSP90, p‐Akt and p‐mTOR during exposure to 0.1 mg·mL−1 artemether. In conclusion, the HSP90/Akt pathway may be involved in artemether‐induced apoptosis of Cal27 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaobin Ren
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ken Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yongwen He
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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33
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Ambele MA, Pepper MS, van Heerden MB, van Heerden WFP. Molecular profile of tongue cancer in an 18-year-old female patient with no recognizable risk factor. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:310-313. [PMID: 31236464 PMCID: PMC6580056 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) in nonsmoking young adults, especially females, has increased. Yet, there is no clear evidence to support the existence of any single determinant. This case reports the presence of TSCC in an 18-year-old female with no recognizable risk factor for oral cancer development. Methods Histological examination and p16 immunohistochemistry were performed. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections were prepared from resected tissue and DNA was extracted for molecular OncoScan analysis. Results Histological and immunochemical analysis showed a p16-negative poorly differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. OncoScan analysis of this tumor revealed a high confidence TP53:p.R213*:c.637C>T somatic mutation as well as copy number alterations of chromosomal regions including gains of 1p, 3q, 5p, 7p, 8p, 8q, 11q, 15q, 17q, and 20p, and losses on 1p, 3p, 18q, and 22q. Conclusion The TP53:p.R213*:c.637C>T mutation detected is indicative of a genetic predisposition to cancer and it is the first to be reported in TSCC in a nonsmoking young adult. Level of Evidence Case report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin A Ambele
- Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa.,Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology, and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Marlene B van Heerden
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Willie F P van Heerden
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
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34
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Paderno A, Morello R, Piazza C. Tongue carcinoma in young adults: a review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 38:175-180. [PMID: 29984792 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY A recent reduction in the number of smoke-related tumours has been observed thanks to the diffusion of anti-tobacco campaigns carried out in the majority of developed countries. Nevertheless, as demonstrated by recent global epidemiologic studies, squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue appears to be progressively increasing in incidence, particularly among young adults and especially in females. The driving mechanism responsible for such changes is still to be precisely defined. Several genetic studies have compared the mutational pattern of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in young adults to that of more elderly patients, without identifying significant differences that may help in better characterising this subgroup of subjects. Tongue squamous cell carcinomas in young adults have been historically considered as particularly aggressive clinical entities, with a high risk of loco-regional relapse, survival rates inferior to those of the general head and neck cancer group and need for a more aggressive therapy. However, considering the most recent studies, prognostic results in this patient group are heterogeneous and it is not possible to confirm this tendency. Thus, it is not justified to embrace different therapeutic approaches according to patient age. Eventually, an additional element to consider when examining young subjects affected by tongue cancer is the possibility of genetic predisposition. Alterations affecting pathways involved in DNA repair, surveillance of genetic stability or regulation of cellular growth may determine an increased likelihood of developing head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paderno
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - R Morello
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - C Piazza
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, University of Milan, Italy
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35
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Malm IJ, Rooper LM, Bishop JA, Ozgursoy SK, Hillel AT, Akst LM, Best SR. Molecular and immunologic analysis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in smokers and non-smokers. Am J Otolaryngol 2019; 40:213-217. [PMID: 30553600 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is strongly associated with tobacco use, but recent reports suggest an increasing incidence of LSCC in patients without traditional risk factors, suggesting an alternative etiology of tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study is to characterize this non-smoking population and to compare immunohistochemical markers in tumor specimens from non-smokers and smokers with LSCC. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients with LSCC at Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) was performed. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed with tumor specimen from non-smokers with stage and age-matched smokers and stained for a variety of immunologic and molecular targets. RESULTS In the JHH cohort of 521 patients, 12% (n = 63) were non-smokers. Non-smokers were more likely to be <45 years old at time of diagnosis (OR 4.13, p = 0.001) and to have glottic tumors (OR 2.46, p = 0.003). The TMA was comprised of tumors from 34 patients (14 non-smokers, 20 smokers). Only 2 patients (6%) were human-papillomavirus (HPV) positive by high-risk RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). There was no correlation between smoking status and p16 (p = 0.36), HPV-ISH positivity (p = 0.79), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN, p = 0.91), p53 (p = 0.14), or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1, p = 0.27) expression. CONCLUSIONS Non-smokers with LSCC are more likely to be younger at the time of diagnosis and have glottic tumors than smokers with LSCC. In TMA analysis of stage and age-matched specimens from smoker and non-smokers with LSCC, the pattern of expression for common molecular and immunologic markers is similar. Further, HPV does not appear to be a major causative etiology of LSCC in either smokers or non-smokers in our cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian-James Malm
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Lisa M Rooper
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Alexander T Hillel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lee M Akst
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Simon R Best
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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36
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Wang R, Zhou X, Wang H, Zhou B, Dong S, Ding Q, Peng M, Sheng X, Yao J, Huang R, Zeng Y, Long Y. Integrative analysis of gene expression profiles reveals distinct molecular characteristics in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2377-2387. [PMID: 30675303 PMCID: PMC6341834 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer. Despite advances in knowledge regarding the genome-scale gene expression pattern of oral cancer, the molecular portrait of OTSCC biology has remained unclear over the last few decades. Furthermore, studies concerning OTSCC gene-expression profiles are limited or inconsistent owing to tissue heterogeneity in single-cohort studies. Consequently, the present study integrated the profile datasets of three cohorts in order to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and subsequently identified the potential candidate genes and pathways in OTSCC through gene enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Using the selected Gene Expression Omnibus datasets GSE13601, GSE31056 and GSE78060, 206 DEGs (125 upregulated and 81 downregulated) were identified in OTSCC, principally associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Furthermore, 146/206 DEGs were filtered into the PPI network and 20 hub genes were sorted. Further results indicated that the two most significant modules filtered from the PPI network were associated with ECM organization and human papillomavirus infection, which are important factors affecting OTSCC pathology. Overall, a set of OTSCC-associated DEGs has been identified, including certain key candidate genes that may be of vital importance for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Translational Medicine Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Translational Medicine Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Qi Ding
- Translational Medicine Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Mingjing Peng
- Translational Medicine Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowu Sheng
- Translational Medicine Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Rongfu Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Translational Medicine Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ying Long
- Translational Medicine Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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37
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Campbell BR, Netterville JL, Sinard RJ, Mannion K, Rohde SL, Langerman A, Kim YJ, Lewis JS, Lang Kuhs KA. Early onset oral tongue cancer in the United States: A literature review. Oral Oncol 2018; 87:1-7. [PMID: 30527223 PMCID: PMC7039330 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of early onset oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTC) has been increasing in the United States, and no clear etiology has been identified. Studies on this topic have generally been small and presented varied results. The goal of this review is to analyze and synthesize the literature regarding early onset OTC risk factors, outcomes, and molecular analyses within the US. To date, studies suggest that early onset OTC patients tend to have less heavy cigarette use than typical onset patients, but there may be an association between early onset OTC and smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco and snuff) use. Early onset OTC is associated with similar or possibly improved survival compared to typical onset OTC. There has been no evidence to support a significant role for human papillomavirus in development of early onset OTC. Further research with larger cohorts of these patients is needed to better characterize this disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Campbell
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave S #D3300, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - James L Netterville
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, 1215 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Robert J Sinard
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, 1215 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Kyle Mannion
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, 1215 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Sarah L Rohde
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, 1215 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Alexander Langerman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, 1215 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Young J Kim
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, 1215 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - James S Lewis
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, 1215 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Krystle A Lang Kuhs
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, 1215 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave, Suite 300, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
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38
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LeConte BA, Szaniszlo P, Fennewald SM, Lou DI, Qiu S, Chen NW, Lee JH, Resto VA. Differences in the viral genome between HPV-positive cervical and oropharyngeal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203403. [PMID: 30161236 PMCID: PMC6117069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States has steadily increased in the past decades and has now become the most frequently diagnosed HPV-associated cancer type, surpassing cervical cancer. Variations in the HPV genome correlate with tumorigenic risk, and the distribution of genetic variants is extensively studied in cervical cancer, but very little is known about new mutations or the distribution of HPV types and variants in oropharyngeal cancer. Here we present an archival tissue cohort study that compares genomic characteristics of HPV associated with cervical versus oropharyngeal tumors using DNA sequence analysis. We found HPV16 to be more prevalent in oropharyngeal samples than in cervical samples (91.2% versus 52.9%), while HPV18 (1.5% versus 18.2%) and HPV45 (0.7% versus 9.9%) were much less prevalent. Differences between cervix and oropharynx in HPV16 variants distribution were more subtle, but the combined European + Asian (EUR+AS) variant group was more prevalent (90.2% versus 71.4%), while the American Asian 1 + American Asian 2 (AA1+AA2) variant group was much less prevalent (4.4% versus 22.5%) in oropharyngeal cancers. HPV prevalence in oropharyngeal cancers showed an increasing trend from 60% in 2003 to 80% in 2016. We also identified over nine times more nonsynonymous mutations in the HPV E6 gene amplified from oropharyngeal samples, but for E7 the difference in mutation rates between the two anatomical locations was not significant. Overall, we showed that HPV genome in oropharyngeal cancer presents important differences when compared to cervical cancer and this may explain the distinct pathomechanisms and susceptibility to treatment of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey A. LeConte
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter Szaniszlo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Fennewald
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dianne I. Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nai-Wei Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John H. Lee
- Department of Adult Medical Affairs, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine, Culver City, California, United States of America
| | - Vicente A. Resto
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Moro JDS, Maroneze MC, Ardenghi TM, Barin LM, Danesi CC. Oral and oropharyngeal cancer: epidemiology and survival analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 16:eAO4248. [PMID: 29898090 PMCID: PMC5995547 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082018ao4248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the epidemiological profile and survival rate of oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients seen at a university hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out by means of the pathological reports of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer, seen at a university hospital of the Southern Region, between January 2004 and December 2014. Information was collected on patients and tumors. The mortality rate was gathered from the patient death registry in the Mortality Information System. Data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and the log-rank test to compare variables. Results The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 42% and 38%, respectively. The anatomical location had a significant association with survival rate (p=0.001), with the rates were better in the lips (p=0.04), and worse in the oropharynx (p=0.03). There were no statistically significant differences between survival rates according to age, sex, ethnicity, schooling level and histologic grade. Conclusion The survival rates of oral and oropharyngeal cancer were and associated with the anatomical site of the tumor.
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40
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Liu X, Gao XL, Liang XH, Tang YL. The etiologic spectrum of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in young patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66226-66238. [PMID: 27528225 PMCID: PMC5323229 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), accounting for more than 80% in head and neck malignancies, kills thousands of people a year in the world. Despite most of the patients are more than 45, and the occurrences of head and neck cancer shows a decreasing trend; however, horribly, the incidences of the patients under 45 years old is steadily increasing. Hence, it's of vital importance to get more pathogen information about risk factors of HNSCC in children and young adults. This review outlines the etiologic spectrum of HNSCC, especially oral/oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, in patients under 45 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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41
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Gingerich MA, Smith JD, Michmerhuizen NL, Ludwig M, Devenport S, Matovina C, Brenner C, Chinn SB. Comprehensive review of genetic factors contributing to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development in low-risk, nontraditional patients. Head Neck 2018; 40:943-954. [PMID: 29427520 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The past 2 decades have seen an increased incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in a nontraditional, low-risk patient population (ie, ≤45 years of age, no substance use history), owing to a combination of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and individual genetic variation. METHODS Articles positing genetic variants as contributing factors in HNSCC incidence in low-risk, nontraditional patients were identified using a PubMed search, reviewed in detail, and concisely summarized herein. RESULTS Recent data suggest that common polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes, cell-cycle control proteins, apoptotic pathway members, and Fanconi anemia-associated genes likely modulate susceptibility to HNSCC development in low-risk, nontraditional patients. CONCLUSION At present, there is a lack of robust, comprehensive data on genetic drivers of oncogenesis in low-risk patients and a clear need for further research on genetic alterations underlying the rising incidence of HNSCC in low-risk, nontraditional patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Gingerich
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joshua D Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicole L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Megan Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samantha Devenport
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chloe Matovina
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven B Chinn
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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42
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Kapila SN, Natarajan S, Boaz K. A Comparison of Clinicopathological Differences in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients Below and Above 40 Years of Age. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC46-ZC50. [PMID: 29207832 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/27828.10600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Recent times have revealed an increase in incidence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in young adults including those who lack association with typical risk factors such as tobacco. There are reported variations in clinical behaviour of tumours in young and older individuals. Aim Present study evaluated differences in clinicopathological characteristics between two groups of OSCC, below and above 40 years of age. Materials and Methods An analytical study was performed on two groups of OSCC patients, below and above 40 years of age. Clinicopathological parameters of site distribution, type of habit, histological grade, nodal metastasis, margin status, mitotic index and Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizing Regions (AgNOR) count were compared. Chi-square test and Students t- test were applied for statistical analysis. Results Present study revealed that mean AgNOR count was significantly higher in older group (6.38) than younger group (4.27). However, no significant differences were noted in site distribution, tobacco habit, histological grade, mitotic index, nodal metastasis and status of resected surgical margins between the two age groups. A trend for increased metastasis and poor histological differentiation was also observed in the older and younger age group respectively. Most common site was buccal mucosa followed by tongue in both groups. Conclusion Reasons for documented variability in tumour characteristics between young and older patients are currently unclear. Difference in AgNOR count found in present study is suggestive of variability in proliferative and ploidy characteristics between different age groups and supports the hypothesis of genetic and epigenetic influences in development of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Nikita Kapila
- Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology, Kathmandu Medical College-Dental College and Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal University Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Karen Boaz
- Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal University Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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43
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Akbari ME, Atarbashi Moghadam S, Atarbashi Moghadam F, Bastani Z. Malignant Tumors of Tongue in Iranian Population. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2016; 9:e4467. [PMID: 27761209 PMCID: PMC5056019 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of oral cancers varies from one country to another, which can be clarified by the difference in the distribution of the risk factors and the possible etiologies. Tongue is a main segment of oral cavity and malignant lesions of this region accounts for nearly 30% of all oral cancers. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we evaluated the pattern of tongue cancer in Iranian population and compared these findings with those previously reported in the other countries. METHODS In this multicenter, retrospective cross-sectional study recorded cases of the malignant tongue tumors in the cancer research center (CRC) of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were extracted. The patient records and their microscopic reports were retrieved from the archives and age, sex and microscopic types were evaluated. It is to be noted that the CRC has been serving as a cancer registry center for major hospitals all over the country since the year of 2003. Thus, the obtained statistics are highly reliable. RESULTS During the years 2003 to 2008, a total number of 952 new cases of the tongue cancer were recorded in the CRC. Most cases are diagnosed in the sixth and seventh decades of life. 450 cases (47.2%) occurred in men and 489 cases (51.36%) in women. Four different types of malignant lesions (epithelial, salivary gland, hematopoietic and mesenchymal) were diagnosed. Epithelial tumors were the most prevalent malignancies (93%) of which squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) made up 87.39% of all lesions. Salivary gland tumors had the second place with 3.15% of the total lesions. CONCLUSIONS In Iranian population, squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy of tongue and it is notable that the ratio of female to male population was equal. These lesions were prevalent in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Thus screening examination of tongue by dentist especially in elderly patients is necessary for early detection of cancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saede Atarbashi Moghadam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fazele Atarbashi Moghadam
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zahra Bastani
- Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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44
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Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in young patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3443-51. [PMID: 25633809 PMCID: PMC4413665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCCT) of young patients increased. There are still controversies about patient prognosis. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Methods 276 patients (66 ≤45, 210 >45 years) with SCCT were included. Clinical parameters and survival data were assessed. Oncogenes and tumor suppressors were analyzed via immunohistochemistry (p53, CXCR4, p16, EGFR) and qPCR (CDK4, CDKN2A, TP53, MDM2, AKT1, PIK3CA, NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, HGF, MET, EGF, ATM, BRCA1, E2F1, FHIT, RUNX3, STK11, BCL2, CTNNB1). Results The median overall survival was 142 (≤45 years) and 34 months (>45 years) (p < 0.0001; HR [95%CI]: 0.37 [0.30–0.58]). Disease specific survival in patients ≤45 years was with 181 months significantly higher than in patients >45 years (p < 0.0001; HR [95%CI]: 0.33 [0.26–0.57]). Immunhistochemistry visualized a comparable expression of analyzed proteins. QPCR demonstrated in patients ≤45 years a higher expression of genes that are associated with carcinogenesis (CTNNB1, STK11, CDKN2A, HGF, MET) as well as tumor suppressors that constitute an enhanced radio-sensitivity (ATM, BRCA1E2F1, FHIT). Conclusion Derogation of the WNT-CTNNB1-STK11 and CDKN2A-HGF-MET pathway can constitute the carcinogenesis, while the higher expression of radio-sensitizers ATM, BRCA1E2F1 and FHIT can explain the better OS/DSS in young patients.
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45
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Zhang Y, Wang R, Miao L, Zhu L, Jiang H, Yuan H. Different levels in alcohol and tobacco consumption in head and neck cancer patients from 1957 to 2013. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124045. [PMID: 25875934 PMCID: PMC4395416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide a precise quantification of the association between alcohol and tobacco consumption trends in head and neck cancer patients over the past 45 years. Methods We combined findings from all studies published until March 2014 and evaluated the association between different levels in alcohol and tobacco consumption and head and neck cancers through a meta-analytic approach. Results We included 28 studies involving 13830 patients with head and neck cancer. In patients with alcohol consumption, the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 1.29(1.06-1.57), 2.67(2.05-3.48) and 6.63(5.02-8.74) for light drinkers, moderate drinkers and heavy drinkers, respectively. In patients with tobacco consumption, the pooled OR and 95% CI were 2.33(1.84-2.95), 4.97(3.67-6.71) and 6.77(4.81-9.53) for light smokers, moderate smokers and heavy smokers, respectively. Conclusion The increased alcohol and tobacco consumption trends increased the risk of head and neck cancer over the past 45 years. Tobacco consumption was found to be a stronger risk factor for head and neck cancer than alcohol consumption. Thus, the control should be considered to limit the intake of alcohol and tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longbiao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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46
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Vigneswaran N, Williams MD. Epidemiologic trends in head and neck cancer and aids in diagnosis. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2015; 26:123-41. [PMID: 24794262 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide predominately associated with tobacco use. Changing cause and increased incidence in oropharyngeal carcinomas is associated with high-risk types of human papilloma virus and has an improved survival. Optical devices may augment visual oral examination; however, their lack of specificity still warrants tissue evaluation/biopsy. Histologic factors of oral carcinomas are critical for patient management and prognostic determination. Clinical biomarkers are still needed to improve early detection, predict malignant transformation, and optimize therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadarajah Vigneswaran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Biopsy Service, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, 1941 East Road BBSB, Room 5320, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Surgical Pathology Fellowship Program, Head & Neck Section, Department of Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit #085, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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47
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CD147 and Ki-67 overexpression confers poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue: a tissue microarray study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 119:553-65. [PMID: 25747176 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) exhibits high risk for recurrence and regional metastasis even after surgical resection. We assessed the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of a group of functionally related biomarkers. STUDY DESIGN We used a tissue microarray consisting of SCCOT from 32 patients for this study. These patients were treated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1995 to 2008. Biomarker expression levels were examined by immunohistochemistry and graded semiquantitatively to determine their prognostic significance. RESULTS CD147 and Tp63 expressions were significantly associated with a higher T stage and Ki-67 labeling index, as well as a shorter overall survival (OS) rate. Expression of Tp63 associated positively with poorly differentiated histology. There was significant association of Tp63 with the expression levels of CD147 and Glut-1. Glut-1 overexpression was marginally associated with a higher T stage. There was no prognostic significance of CD44 v6 expression in SCCOT. CONCLUSION SCCOT with CD147 overexpression in combination with high Ki-67 labeling index had poor OS. CD147 and Ki-67 overexpression is associated with aggressive disease with poor prognosis in SCCOT.
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48
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Nainani P, Paliwal A, Nagpal N, Agrawal M. Sex hormones in gender-specific risk for head and neck cancer: A review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2014; 4:S1-4. [PMID: 25452920 PMCID: PMC4247543 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.144557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that numerous researches have been carried out to prevent head and neck cancer (HNC) and treat those patients, there is no reduction in morbidity rate because the underlying molecular pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Endocrine microenvironment is another vital factor besides other traditional risk factors like tobacco smoking, infections, and alcohol. It has been proven that sex hormone receptors are also expressed in larynx and lungs, in addition to sex organs. Sex hormones play a vital role in gene expression involved in the plethora of biological and neoplastic processes. The role of sex hormones in HNC is still divisive and very few researches have been conducted to describe their role. So, this article is an effort to attract the attention of researchers, endocrinologists, pathologists, and clinicians toward the impending role of sex hormones, with special emphasis on progesterone, estrogen, and prolactin in HNC onset and progression, along with their therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purshotam Nainani
- Department of Oral Pathology, RKDF Dental College and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna Paliwal
- Department of Oral Pathology, RKDF Dental College and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neelu Nagpal
- Department of Oral Pathology, RKDF Dental College and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mayank Agrawal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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49
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Li R, Faden DL, Fakhry C, Langelier C, Jiao Y, Wang Y, Wilkerson MD, Pedamallu CS, Old M, Lang J, Loyo M, Ahn SM, Tan M, Gooi Z, Chan J, Richmon J, Wood LD, Hruban RH, Bishop J, Westra WH, Chung CH, Califano J, Gourin CG, Bettegowda C, Meyerson M, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, DeRisi JL, Koch WM, Agrawal N. Clinical, genomic, and metagenomic characterization of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in patients who do not smoke. Head Neck 2014; 37:1642-9. [PMID: 24954188 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests the incidence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma is increasing in young patients, many who have no history of tobacco use. METHODS We clinically reviewed 89 patients with oral tongue cancer. Exomic sequencing of tumor DNA from 6 nonsmokers was performed and compared to previously sequenced cases. RNA from 20 tumors was evaluated by massively parallel sequencing to search for potentially oncogenic viruses. RESULTS Non-smokers (53 of 89) were younger than smokers (36 of 89; mean, 50.4 vs 61.9 years; p < .001), and seemed more likely to be women (58.5% vs 38.9%; p = .069). Nonsmokers had fewer TP53 mutations (p = .02) than smokers. No tumor-associated viruses were detected. CONCLUSION The young age of nonsmoking patients with oral tongue cancer and fewer TP53 mutations suggest a viral role in this disease. Our efforts to identify such a virus were unsuccessful. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the drivers of carcinogenesis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel L Faden
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Milton J. Dance Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chaz Langelier
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yuchen Jiao
- The Ludwig Center and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- The Ludwig Center and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew D Wilkerson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Old
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James Lang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Myriam Loyo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sun Mi Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marietta Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhen Gooi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jason Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeremy Richmon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin Bishop
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William H Westra
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph Califano
- Milton J. Dance Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christine G Gourin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- The Ludwig Center and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- The Ludwig Center and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- The Ludwig Center and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Wayne M Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Ludwig Center and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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50
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Pickering CR, Zhang J, Neskey DM, Zhao M, Jasser SA, Wang J, Ward A, Tsai CJ, Ortega Alves MV, Zhou JH, Drummond J, El-Naggar AK, Gibbs R, Weinstein JN, Wheeler DA, Wang J, Frederick MJ, Myers JN. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue in young non-smokers is genomically similar to tumors in older smokers. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3842-8. [PMID: 24874835 PMCID: PMC4102633 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiologic studies have identified an increasing incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT) in younger patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DNA isolated from tongue tumors of young (<45 years, non-smokers) and old (>45 years) patients at was subjected to whole-exome sequencing and copy-number analysis. These data were compared with data from similar patients in the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) project. RESULTS In this study, we found that gene-specific mutation and copy-number alteration frequencies were similar between young and old patients with SCCOT in two independent cohorts. Likewise, the types of base changes observed in the young cohort were similar to those in the old cohort even though they differed in smoking history. TCGA data also demonstrate that the genomic effects of smoking are tumor site-specific, and we find that smoking has only a minor impact on the types of mutations observed in SCCOT. CONCLUSIONS Overall, tumors from young patients with SCCOT appear genomically similar to those of older patients with SCCOT, and the cause for the increasing incidence of young SCCOT remains unknown. These data indicate that the functional impact of smoking on carcinogenesis in SCCOT is still poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David M Neskey
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Mei Zhao
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Samar A Jasser
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Jiping Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Head and Neck Surgery
| | - Alexandra Ward
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Head and Neck Surgery
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center; and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - John N Weinstein
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
| | | | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Head and Neck Surgery,
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