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Oliveira ICCS, Marinsek GP, Correia LVB, da Silva RCB, Castro IB, Mari RB. Tributyltin (TBT) toxicity: Effects on enteric neuronal plasticity and intestinal barrier of rats' duodenum. Auton Neurosci 2024; 253:103176. [PMID: 38669866 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is a biocide used in the formulation of antifouling paints and it is highly harmful. Despite the ban, the compound persists in the environment, contaminating marine foodstuffs and household products. Therefore, considering the route of exposure to the contaminant, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) acts as an important barrier against harmful substances and is a potential biomarker for understanding the consequences of these agents. This work aimed to evaluate histological and neuronal alterations in the duodenum of male Wistar rats that received 20 ng/g TBT and 600 ng/g via gavage for 30 consecutive days. After the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the duodenum was intended for neuronal histochemistry (total and metabolically active populations) and histological routine (morphometry and histopathology). The results showed more severe changes in neuronal density and intestinal morphometry in rats exposed to 20 ng/g, such as total neuronal density decrease and reduction of intestinal layers. In rats exposed to 600 ng/g of TBT, it was possible to observe only an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes. We conclude that TBT can be more harmful to intestinal homeostasis when consumed in lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C C S Oliveira
- UNESP- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Paulista Coast Campus (CLP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
| | - G P Marinsek
- UNESP- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Paulista Coast Campus (CLP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
| | - L V B Correia
- UNIFESP- Federal University of São Paulo, Institute of Health and Society, Baixada Santista Campus, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - R C B da Silva
- UNIFESP- Federal University of São Paulo, Institute of Health and Society, Baixada Santista Campus, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - I B Castro
- UNIFESP- Federal University of São Paulo, Institute of Marine Science, Baixada Santista Campus, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - R B Mari
- UNESP- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Paulista Coast Campus (CLP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Ouyang Q, Li X, Liang Y, Liu R. Sea Buckthorn Polysaccharide Ameliorates Colitis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1280. [PMID: 38732527 PMCID: PMC11085905 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation and ulceration of the intestinal inner lining, resulting in various symptoms. Sea buckthorn berries contain a bioactive compound known as sea buckthorn polysaccharide (SBP). However, the precise mechanisms underlying the impact of SBP on UC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of pretreatment with SBP on colitis induced by DSS. Our findings demonstrate that SBP pretreatment effectively reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier damage associated with colitis. To further elucidate the role of SBP-modulated gut microbiota in UC, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on DSS-treated mice. The microbiota from SBP-treated mice exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, improves colonic barrier integrity, and increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria, as well as enhancing SCFA production. Collectively, these results strongly indicate that SBP-mediated amelioration of colitis is attributed to its impact on the gut microbiota, particularly through the promotion of SCFA-producing bacteria and subsequent elevation of SCFA levels. This study provides compelling evidence supporting the efficacy of pre-emptive SBP supplementation in alleviating colitis symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota, thereby offering novel insights into the potential of SBP as a regulator of the gut microbiota for colitis relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Ouyang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China; (Q.O.)
| | - Xin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yongheng Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China; (Q.O.)
| | - Rong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Li J, Huang G, Wang J, Wang S, Yu Y. Hydrogen Regulates Ulcerative Colitis by Affecting the Intestinal Redox Environment. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:933-945. [PMID: 38370464 PMCID: PMC10871146 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s445152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The redox balance in the intestine plays an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and it is closely related to the intestinal mucosal barrier, intestinal inflammation, and the gut microbiota. Current research on the treatment of ulcerative colitis has focused on immune disorders, excessive inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, an imbalance in intestinal redox reaction plays a particularly critical role. Hydrogen is produced by some anaerobic bacteria via hydrogenases in the intestine. Increasing evidence suggests that hydrogen, as an inert gas, is crucial for immunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress and plays a protective role in ulcerative colitis. Hydrogen maintains the redox state balance in the intestine in ulcerative colitis and reduces damage to intestinal epithelial cells by exerting its selective antioxidant ability. Hydrogen also regulates the intestinal flora, reduces the harmful effects of bacteria on the intestinal epithelial barrier, promotes the restoration of normal anaerobic bacteria in the intestines, and ultimately improves the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. The present review focuses on the therapeutic mechanisms of hydrogen-targeting ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juexin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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Rezaei Z, Momtaz S, Gharazi P, Rahimifard M, Baeeri M, Abdollahi AR, Abdollahi M, Niknejad A, Khayatan D, Farzaei MH, Abdolghaffari AH. Cinnamic Acid Ameliorates Acetic Acid-induced Inflammatory Response through Inhibition of TLR-4 in Colitis Rat Model. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2024; 23:21-30. [PMID: 38361356 DOI: 10.2174/0118715230278980231212103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamic acid, an active compound in cinnamon spp., has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics and is favorable in managing inflammatory bowel diseases. OBJECTIVES Evaluate cinnamic acid's effects on colitis in rats. METHODS To induce colitis in experimental rats, excluding the sham group, a 4% intrarectal solution of acetic acid was administered. The rats were then given oral doses of cinnamic acid at 30, 45, and 90 mg/kg for two days. The animals were assessed for macroscopic and microscopic changes, and the levels of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured using Eliza kits. Additionally, real-time PCR was performed to examine the gene level of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in the colon. RESULTS Effective reduction of inflammation in acetic acid-induced colitis was achieved through Cinnamic acid administration at doses of 45 and 90 mg/kg. The decrease was achieved by inhibiting the activities of TNF-α, IL-6, and MPO while downregulating the expression of TLR-4. It is important to note that macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were significant in determining the effectiveness of cinnamic acid in reducing inflammation. CONCLUSION Downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and TLR-4 expression may contribute to cinnamic acid's anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, And Toxicology & Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Gharazi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, And Toxicology & Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, And Toxicology & Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, And Toxicology & Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Niknejad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Khayatan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Althagafy HS, Ali FEM, Hassanein EHM, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Kotb El-Sayed MI, Atwa AM, Sayed AM, Soubh AA. Canagliflozin ameliorates ulcerative colitis via regulation of TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB and Nrf2/PPAR-γ/SIRT1 signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176166. [PMID: 37898288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the most common subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the colon and is characterized by severe intestinal inflammation. Canagliflozin is a widely used antihyperglycemic agent, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that enhances urinary glucose excretion. This study aims to provide insights into the potential benefits of canagliflozin as a treatment for UC by addressing possible cellular signals. Acetic acid (AA; 4% v/v) was administered intrarectally to induce colitis. Canagliflozin is given orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Canagliflozin attenuates inflammation in AA-induced colitis, evidenced by significant and dose-dependently downregulation of p38 MAPK, NF-κB-p65, IKK, IRF3, and NADPH-oxidase as well as colonic levels of IL-6 and IL-1β and MPO enzymatic activity. Canagliflozin mitigates colonic oxidative stress by decreasing MDA content and restoring SOD enzymatic activities and GSH levels mediated by co-activating of Nrf2, PPARγ, and SIRT1 pathways. Moreover, an in-silico study confirmed that canagliflozin was specific to all target proteins in this study. Canagliflozin's binding affinity with its target proteins indicates and confirms its effectiveness in regulating these pathways. Also, network pharmacology analysis supported that canagliflozin potently attenuates UC via a multi-target and multi-pathway approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan S Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed I Kotb El-Sayed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71515, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Soubh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, 12566, Egypt
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6
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Varani J, McClintock SD, Nadeem DM, Harber I, Zeidan D, Aslam MN. A multi-mineral intervention to counter pro-inflammatory activity and to improve the barrier in human colon organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1132905. [PMID: 37476158 PMCID: PMC10354648 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1132905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition, and continuous inflammatory stimulus may lead to barrier dysfunction. The goal of this study was to assess barrier proteomic expression by a red algae-derived multi-mineral intervention in the absence or presence of pro-inflammatory insult. Methods: Human colon organoids were maintained in a control culture medium alone or exposed to lipopolysaccharide with a combination of three pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interferon-γ (LPS-cytokines)] to mimic the environment in the inflamed colon. Untreated organoids and those exposed to LPS-cytokines were concomitantly treated for 14 days with a multi-mineral product (Aquamin®) that has previously been shown to improve barrier structure/function. The colon organoids were subjected to proteomic analysis to obtain a broad view of the protein changes induced by the two interventions alone and in combination. In parallel, confocal fluorescence microscopy, tissue cohesion and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were used to assess barrier structure/function. Results: The LPS-cytokine mix altered the expression of multiple proteins that influence innate immunity and promote inflammation. Several of these were significantly decreased with Aquamin® alone but only a modest decrease in a subset of these proteins was detected by Aquamin® in the presence of LPS-cytokines. Among these, a subset of inflammation-related proteins including fibrinogen-β and -γ chains (FGB and FGG), phospholipase A2 (PLA2G2A) and SPARC was significantly downregulated in the presence of Aquamin® (alone and in combination with LPS-cytokines); another subset of proteins with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant or anti-microbial activity was upregulated by Aquamin® treatment. When provided alone, Aquamin® strongly upregulated proteins that contribute to barrier formation and tissue strength. Concomitant treatment with LPS-cytokines did not inhibit barrier formation in response to Aquamin®. Confocal microscopy also displayed increased expression of desmoglein-2 (DSG2) and cadherin-17 (CDH17) with Aquamin®, either alone or in the presence of the pro-inflammatory stimulus. Increased cohesion and TEER with Aquamin® (alone or in the presence of LPS-cytokines) indicates improved barrier function. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that multi-mineral intervention (Aquamin®) may provide a novel approach to combating inflammation in the colon by improving barrier structure/function as well as by directly altering the expression of certain pro-inflammatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad N. Aslam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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7
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Xu GB, Cai M, Kadayifci FZ, Dong J, Zheng S, Mei W, Zhao W, Pan YX, Chen H. Increasing Dietary Nutrient Levels Modulates Colon Immune Adaptation and Alleviates Inflammation in the Epithelial Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein I (Hnrnp I) Knockout Mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109406. [PMID: 37394079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I (HNRNP I) is an RNA-binding protein essential for neonatal immune adaptation by downregulating interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK1) in toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways. TLR-mediated NF-κB is associated with chronic inflammation, including the development of inflammatory bowel diseases. Therefore, dietary protein intake is one of the major concerns for individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases. The present study aims to investigate the effects of a protein-enriched diet on intestinal inflammation and immune responses in a mouse model with aberrant NF-κB signaling in the colon. METHODS AND RESULTS A transgenic mouse model with intestinal-epithelial-cell (IEC) specific Hnrnp I knocked out was used to investigate the effects of protein intake on the immune system in the colon. A control diet (CON) and a nutrient-dense modified diet (MOD) were fed to both the wild-type (WT) and the knockout (KO) male mice for 14 weeks. Inflammatory markers and colonic immune responses were examined, with gene expression and protein expression levels analyzed. IEC-specific Hnrnp I knocked out mice had significantly increased expression of the active NF-κB subunit, P65, in their colons. There was a concomitant induction of mRNA expression of Il1β, Il6, Cxcl1, and Ccl2. The number of CD4+ T cells in the distal colon was also increased in the KO mice. The results confirmed that KO mice had pro-inflammatory responses with aberrant NF-κB signaling in the colon. Importantly, increased nutrient density in their diets attenuated colon inflammation by decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reducing P65 translocation, downregulating IRAK1, and limiting the number of CD4+ T cells recruited in Hnrnp I KO mice colon. CONCLUSION A diet with increased nutrient density relieved the inflammation induced by knockout of Hnrnp I, attributable partially to the reduced expression of inflammatory and immune-modulating cytokines in the mouse distal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Bianca Xu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
| | - Mingzhu Cai
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
| | - Fatma Zehra Kadayifci
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
| | - Juncen Dong
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shasha Zheng
- Department of Public Health Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504 USA.
| | - Wenyan Mei
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of nutritional and food safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China.
| | - Yuan-Xiang Pan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA; Department of nutritional and food safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China.
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Campbell I, Glinka M, Shaban F, Kirkwood KJ, Nadalin F, Adams D, Papatheodorou I, Burger A, Baldock RA, Arends MJ, Din S. The Promise of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing to Redefine the Understanding of Crohn's Disease Fibrosis Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3884. [PMID: 37373578 PMCID: PMC10299644 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a high prevalence throughout the world. The development of Crohn's-related fibrosis, which leads to strictures in the gastrointestinal tract, presents a particular challenge and is associated with significant morbidity. There are currently no specific anti-fibrotic therapies available, and so treatment is aimed at managing the stricturing complications of fibrosis once it is established. This often requires invasive and repeated endoscopic or surgical intervention. The advent of single-cell sequencing has led to significant advances in our understanding of CD at a cellular level, and this has presented opportunities to develop new therapeutic agents with the aim of preventing or reversing fibrosis. In this paper, we discuss the current understanding of CD fibrosis pathogenesis, summarise current management strategies, and present the promise of single-cell sequencing as a tool for the development of effective anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona Campbell
- Edinburgh Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Michael Glinka
- Edinburgh Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Fadlo Shaban
- Edinburgh Colorectal Unit, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kathryn J. Kirkwood
- Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Francesca Nadalin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - David Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Irene Papatheodorou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Albert Burger
- Department of Computer Science, School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK;
| | - Richard A. Baldock
- Edinburgh Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Mark J. Arends
- Edinburgh Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Shahida Din
- Edinburgh Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Yang F, Zhang S, Tian D, Zhou G, Tang X, Miao X, He Y, Yao X, Tang J. Deciphering chemical and metabolite profiling of Chang-Kang-Fang by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and its potential active components identification. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:459-480. [PMID: 37407177 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Chang-Kang-Fang (CKF) formula, a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescription, has been widely used for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, its potential material basis and underlying mechanism remain elusive. Therefore, this study employed an integrated approach that combined ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) with network pharmacology to systematically characterize the phytochemical components and metabolites of CKF, as well as elucidating its underlying mechanism. Through this comprehensive analysis, a total of 150 components were identified or tentatively characterized within the CKF formula. Notably, six N-acetyldopamine oligomers from CicadaePeriostracum and eight resin glycosides from Cuscutae Semen were characterized in this formula for the first time. Meanwhile, 149 xenobiotics (58 prototypes and 91 metabolites) were detected in plasma, urine, feces, brain, and intestinal contents, and the in vivo metabolic pathways of resin glycosides were elaborated for the first time. Furthermore, network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses revealed that alkaloids, flavonoids, chromones, monoterpenes, N-acetyldopamine dimers, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, and Cus-3/isomer might be responsible for the beneficial effects of CKF in treating IBS, and CASP8, MARK14, PIK3C, PIK3R1, TLR4, and TNF may be its potential targets. These discoveries offer a comprehensive understanding of the potential material basis and clarify the underlying mechanism of the CKF formula in treating IBS, facilitating the broader application of CKF in the field of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sihao Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Danmei Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guirong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Xiyang Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xinglong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China.
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jinshan Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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10
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Cohen H, Wani NA, Ben Hur D, Migliolo L, Cardoso MH, Porat Z, Shimoni E, Franco OL, Shai Y. Interaction of Pexiganan (MSI-78)-Derived Analogues Reduces Inflammation and TLR4-Mediated Cytokine Secretion: A Comparative Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17856-17868. [PMID: 37251186 PMCID: PMC10210221 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections have increased the prevalence of sepsis and septic shock mortality worldwide and have become a global concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show remarkable properties for developing new antimicrobial agents and host response modulatory therapies. A new series of AMPs derived from pexiganan (MSI-78) were synthesized. The positively charged amino acids were segregated at their N- and C-termini, and the rest of the amino acids created a hydrophobic core surrounded by positive charges and were modified to simulate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The peptides were investigated for their antimicrobial activity and LPS-induced cytokine release inhibition profile. Various biochemical and biophysical methods were used, including attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, microscale thermophoresis (MST), and electron microscopy. Two new AMPs, MSI-Seg-F2F and MSI-N7K, preserved their neutralizing endotoxin activity while reducing toxicity and hemolytic activity. Combining all of these properties makes the designed peptides potential candidates to eradicate bacterial infection and detoxify LPS, which might be useful for sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Cohen
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Naiem Ahmad Wani
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Daniel Ben Hur
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- Departamento
de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Marlon H. Cardoso
- S-Inova,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, MS, Brazil
- Centro
de
Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação
em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 70790160, DF, Brazil
- Instituto
de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade
Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande 79070900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ziv Porat
- The
Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Departamento
de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- S-Inova,
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117900, MS, Brazil
- Centro
de
Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação
em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 70790160, DF, Brazil
| | - Yechiel Shai
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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11
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Guedes BFS, Cardoso SM, Esteves AR. The Impact of microRNAs on Mitochondrial Function and Immunity: Relevance to Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051349. [PMID: 37239020 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterised by the severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and by the presence of Lewy bodies. PD is diagnosed upon the onset of motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. It is currently accepted that motor symptoms are preceded by non-motor features, such as gastrointestinal dysfunction. In fact, it has been proposed that PD might start in the gut and spread to the central nervous system. Growing evidence reports that the gut microbiota, which has been found to be altered in PD patients, influences the function of the central and enteric nervous systems. Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in PD patients has also been reported, many of which regulate key pathological mechanisms involved in PD pathogenesis, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and immunity. It remains unknown how gut microbiota regulates brain function; however, miRNAs have been highlighted as important players. Remarkably, numerous studies have depicted the ability of miRNAs to modulate and be regulated by the host's gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize the experimental and clinical studies implicating mitochondrial dysfunction and immunity in PD. Moreover, we gather recent data on miRNA involvement in these two processes. Ultimately, we discuss the reciprocal crosstalk between gut microbiota and miRNAs. Studying the bidirectional interaction of gut microbiome-miRNA might elucidate the aetiology and pathogenesis of gut-first PD, which could lead to the application of miRNAs as potential biomarkers or therapeutical targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz F S Guedes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Morais Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Esteves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Older EA, Zhang J, Ferris ZE, Xue D, Zhong Z, Mitchell MK, Madden M, Wang Y, Chen H, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Fan D, Ellermann M, Li YX, Li J. Biosynthetic Enzyme-guided Disease Correlation Connects Gut Microbial Metabolites Sulfonolipids to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Involving TLR4 Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.533047. [PMID: 36993324 PMCID: PMC10055157 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.533047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The trillions of microorganisms inhabiting the human gut are intricately linked to human health. At the species abundance level, correlational studies have connected specific bacterial taxa to various diseases. While the abundances of these bacteria in the gut serve as good indicators for disease progression, understanding the functional metabolites they produce is critical to decipher how these microbes influence human health. Here, we report a unique biosynthetic enzyme-guided disease correlation approach to uncover microbial functional metabolites as potential molecular mechanisms in human health. We directly connect the expression of gut microbial sulfonolipid (SoL) biosynthetic enzymes to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients, revealing a negative correlation. This correlation is then corroborated by targeted metabolomics, identifying that SoLs abundance is significantly decreased in IBD patient samples. We experimentally validate our analysis in a mouse model of IBD, showing that SoLs production is indeed decreased while inflammatory markers are increased in diseased mice. In support of this connection, we apply bioactive molecular networking to show that SoLs consistently contribute to the immunoregulatory activity of SoL-producing human microbes. We further reveal that sulfobacins A and B, two representative SoLs, primarily target Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to mediate immunomodulatory activity through blocking TLR4's natural ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding to myeloid differentiation factor 2, leading to significant suppression of LPS-induced inflammation and macrophage M1 polarization. Together, these results suggest that SoLs mediate a protective effect against IBD through TLR4 signaling and showcase a widely applicable biosynthetic enzyme-guided disease correlation approach to directly link the biosynthesis of gut microbial functional metabolites to human health.
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13
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Wu L, An R, Xi Y, Tang Z, Li T, Xu Y, Pang J, Peng X, Sun W, Sun Z. Immunomodulatory Effect of Isocaloric Diets with Different Protein Contents on Young Adult Sprague Dawley Rats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081597. [PMID: 37107392 PMCID: PMC10138247 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the potential mechanisms of dietary protein on intestinal and host health, we studied the immunomodulatory effects of isocaloric diets with high or low crude protein (CP) contents on young adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. A total of 180 healthy male rats were randomly assigned to six groups (six replicate pens per treatment with five rats per pen) and fed diets with 10% CP, 14% CP, 20% CP (control), 28% CP, 38% CP, and 50% CP. Compared with the control diet, the rats fed the 14% CP diet significantly elevated lymphocyte cell counts in the peripheral blood and ileum, whereas the 38% CP diet significantly activated the expression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the colonic mucosa (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 50% CP diet reduced growth performance and fat deposition and increased the percentages of CD4+ T, B, and NK cells in the peripheral blood and the colonic mucosal expression of IL-8, TNF-α, and TGF-β. Overall, rats fed the 14% CP diet enhanced host immunity by increasing the numbers of immune cells, and the immunological state and growth of SD rats were negatively impacted by the diet containing 50% CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Wu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui An
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Science, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yuyue Xi
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhiru Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Academy of Chinese Natural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yetong Xu
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaman Pang
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xie Peng
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weizhong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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14
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The Local Activation of Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Modulates Colonic Epithelial Barrier Function in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021254. [PMID: 36674770 PMCID: PMC9865626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated host-bacterial interactions participate in the microbial regulation of gastrointestinal functions, including the epithelial barrier function (EBF). We evaluated the effects of TLR7 stimulation on the colonic EBF in rats. TLR7 was stimulated with the selective agonist imiquimod (100/300 µg/rat, intracolonic), with or without the intracolonic administration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Colonic EBF was assessed in vitro (electrophysiology and permeability to macromolecules, Ussing chamber) and in vivo (passage of macromolecules to blood and urine). Changes in the expression (RT-qPCR) and distribution (immunohistochemistry) of tight junction-related proteins were determined. Expression of proglucagon, precursor of the barrier-enhancer factor glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) was also assessed (RT-qPCR). Intracolonic imiquimod enhanced the EBF in vitro, reducing the epithelial conductance and the passage of macromolecules, thus indicating a pro-barrier effect of TLR7. However, the combination of TLR7 stimulation and DMSO had a detrimental effect on the EBF, which manifested as an increased passage of macromolecules. DMSO alone had no effect. The modulation of the EBF (imiquimod alone or with DMSO) was not associated with changes in gene expression or the epithelial distribution of the main tight junction-related proteins (occludin, tricellulin, claudin-2, claudin-3, junctional adhesion molecule 1 and Zonula occludens-1). No changes in the proglucagon expression were observed. These results show that TLR7 stimulation leads to the modulation of the colonic EBF, having beneficial or detrimental effects depending upon the state of the epithelium. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive, but seem independent of the modulation of the main tight junction-related proteins or the barrier-enhancer factor GLP-2.
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15
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Huang J, Xu P, Shao M, Wei B, Zhang C, Zhang J. Humic acids alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by positively modulating gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1147110. [PMID: 37125181 PMCID: PMC10132312 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1147110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic acids (HAs) are natural polymers with diverse functional groups that have been documented and utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis has been used as a model to study inflammatory bowel disease. In this research, we investigate the effect of HAs on ameliorating DSS-induced colitis in mice. Our aim here was to investigate if HAs could be a remedy against colitis and the mechanisms involved. The results show that HAs facilitated a regain of body weight and restoration of intestinal morphology after DSS-induced colitis. HAs treatment alters the community of gut microbiota with more Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Changes in bacterial community result in lower amounts of lipopolysaccharides in mouse sera, as well as lower levels of inflammatory cytokines through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-κB pathway. HAs also promoted the expression of tight junction proteins, which protect the intestinal barrier from DSS damage. Cell experiments show that HAs display an inhibitory effect on DSS growth as well. These results suggest that HAs can alleviate colitis by regulating intestinal microbiota, reducing inflammation, maintaining mucosal barriers, and inhibiting pathogen growth. Thus, HAs offer great potential for the prevention and treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Mingzhi Shao
- Ultrasound Department of Zhucheng People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Shandong Asia-Pacific Haihua Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Shandong Asia-Pacific Haihua Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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16
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Yin Y, Xie Y, Ge W, Li Y. Creeping fat formation and interaction with intestinal disease in Crohn's disease. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:1077-1084. [PMID: 36507842 PMCID: PMC9752293 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Creeping fat (CrF), also known as fat wrapping, is a significant disease characteristic of Crohn's disease (CD). The transmural inflammation impairs intestinal integrity and facilitates bacteria translocation, aggravating immune response. CrF is a rich source of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines with complex immune microenvironment. The inflamed and stricturing intestine is often wrapped by CrF, and CrF is associated with greater severity of CD. The large amount of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as adipocytes in CrF promote fibrosis in the affected intestine by secreting large amount of pro-fibrotic cytokines, adipokines, growth factors and fatty acids. CrF is a potential therapeutic target for CD treatment and a promising bio-marker for predicting response to drug therapy. This review aims to summarize and update the clinical manifestation and application of CrF and the underlying molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of General SurgeryJinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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17
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Deng Q, Yao Y, Yang J, Khoshaba R, Shen Y, Wang X, Cao D. AKR1B8 deficiency drives severe DSS-induced acute colitis through invasion of luminal bacteria and activation of innate immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042549. [PMID: 36518763 PMCID: PMC9742539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysfunction of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) promotes inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and associated colorectal cancer (CRC). AKR1B8 deficiency impairs the IEC barrier function, leading to susceptibility to chronic colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), yet it remains unclear how acute colitic response is in AKR1B8 deficient mice. Methods AKR1B8 knockout (KO) and littermate wild type mice were exposed to oral 1.5% DSS in drinking water for 6 days. Disease activity index and histopathological inflammation scores by H&E staining were calculated for colitic severity; permeability was assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-Dextran) probes and bacterial invasion and transmission were detected by in situ hybridization in mucosa or by culture in blood agar plates. Immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry were applied for immune cell quantification. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and target gene expression was analyzed by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Results AKR1B8 KO mice developed severe acute colitis at a low dose (1.5%) of DSS in drinking water compared to wild type controls. In AKR1B8 KO mice, FITC-dextran was penetrated easily and luminal bacteria invaded to the surface of IEC layer on day 3, and excessive bacteria translocated into the colonic mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and liver on day 6, which was much mild in wild type mice. Hyper-infiltration of neutrophils and basophils occurred in AKR1B8 KO mice, and monocytes in spleen and macrophages in colonic mucosa increased markedly compared to wild type mice. TLR4 signaling in colonic epithelial cells of AKR1B8 KO mice was activated to promote great IL-1β and IL-6 expression compared to wild type mice. Conclusions AKR1B8 deficiency in IECs drives severe acute colitis induced by DSS at a low dose through activation of the innate immunity, being a novel pathogenic factor of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Deng
- Department of Proctology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yichen Yao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ramina Khoshaba
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States,Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Xin Wang, ; Deliang Cao,
| | - Deliang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China,Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Xin Wang, ; Deliang Cao,
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18
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Shen Z, Luo W, Tan B, Nie K, Deng M, Wu S, Xiao M, Wu X, Meng X, Tong T, Zhang C, Ma K, Liao Y, Xu J, Wang X. Roseburia intestinalis stimulates TLR5-dependent intestinal immunity against Crohn's disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 85:104285. [PMID: 36182776 PMCID: PMC9526137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Findings Interpretation Funding
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19
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Cosme D, Soares-da-Silva P, Magro F. Effect of Toll-like receptor-2, -4, -5, -7, and NOD2 stimulation on potassium channel conductance in intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G410-G419. [PMID: 36040119 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00139.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Disproportionate activation of pattern recognition receptors plays a role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathophysiology. Diarrhea is a hallmark symptom of IBD, resulting at least in part from an electrolyte imbalance that may be caused by changes in potassium channel activity. We evaluated the impact of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) stimulation on potassium conductance of the basolateral membrane in human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the role of potassium channels through electrophysiological assays under short-circuit current in Ussing chambers. TLRs and NOD2 were stimulated using specific agonists, and potassium channels were selectively blocked using triarylmethane-34 (TRAM-34), adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), and BaCl2. Potassium conductance of the basolateral membrane decreased upon activation of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR7 in T84 cells (means ± SE, -11.2 ± 4.5, -40.4 ± 7.2, and -19.4 ± 5.9, respectively) and in Caco-2 cells (-13.1 ± 5.7, -55.7 ± 7.4, and -29.1 ± 7.2, respectively). In contrast, activation of TLR5 and NOD2 increased basolateral potassium conductance, both in T84 cells (18.0 ± 4.1 and 18.4 ± 2.8, respectively) and in Caco-2 cells (21.2 ± 8.4 and 16.0 ± 3.6, respectively). TRAM-34 and AMP-PNP induced a decrease in basolateral potassium conductance upon TLR4 stimulation in both cell lines. Both KCa3.1- and Kir6-channels appear to be important mediators of this effect in IECs and could be potential targets for therapeutic agent development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study highlights that PRRs stimulation directly influences K+-channel conductance in IECs. TLR-2, -4, -7 stimulation decreased K+ conductance, whereas TLR5 and NOD2 stimulation had the opposite effect, leading to an increase of it instead. This study reports for the first time that KCa3.1- and Kir6-channels play a role in K+ transport pathways triggered by TLR4 stimulation. These findings suggest that KCa3.1- and Kir6-channels modulation may be a potential target for new therapeutic agents in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Cosme
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrício Soares-da-Silva
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MedInUP, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Gastroenterology, São João Hospital University Centre, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal.,Clinical Pharmacology Unit, São João Hospital University Centre, Porto, Portugal.,Portuguese Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Porto, Portugal
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20
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The Role of the Human Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Radiation Enteropathy. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081613. [PMID: 36014031 PMCID: PMC9415405 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays a key role in regulating host physiology. In a stable state, both the microbiota and the gut work synergistically. The overall homeostasis of the intestinal flora can be affected by multiple factors, including disease states and the treatments given for those diseases. In this review, we examine the relatively well-characterised abnormalities that develop in the microbiome in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and compare and contrast them to those that are found in radiation enteropathy. We discuss how these changes may exert their effects at a molecular level, and the possible role of manipulating the microbiome through the use of a variety of therapies to reduce the severity of the underlying condition.
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21
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Phenotyping of Fecal Microbiota of Winnie, a Rodent Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis, Reveals Specific Metabolic, Genotoxic, and Pro-inflammatory Properties. Inflammation 2022; 45:2477-2497. [PMID: 35732858 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Winnie, a mouse carrying a missense mutation in the MUC2 mucin gene, is a valuable model for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with signs and symptoms that have multiple similarities with those observed in patients with ulcerative colitis. MUC2 mucin is present in Winnie, but is not firmly compacted in a tight inner layer. Indeed, these mice develop chronic intestinal inflammation due to the primary epithelial defect with signs of mucosal damage, including thickening of muscle and mucosal layers, goblet cell loss, increased intestinal permeability, enhanced susceptibility to luminal inflammation-inducing toxins, and alteration of innervation in the distal colon. In this study, we show that the intestinal environment of the Winnie mouse, genetically determined by MUC2 mutation, selects an intestinal microbial community characterized by specific pro-inflammatory, genotoxic, and metabolic features that could imply a direct involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation. We report results obtained by using a variety of in vitro approaches for fecal microbiota functional characterization. These approaches include Caco-2 cell cultures and Caco-2/THP-1 cell co-culture models for evaluation of geno-cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory properties using a panel of 43 marker RNAs assayed by RT-qPCR, and cell-based phenotypic testing for metabolic profiling of the intestinal microbial communities by Biolog EcoPlates. While adding a further step towards understanding the etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying IBD, the results of this study provide a reliable method for phenotyping gut microbial communities, which can complement their structural characterization by providing novel functional information.
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22
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Jing B, Xia K, Zhang C, Jiao S, Zhu L, Wei J, Wang ZA, Chen N, Tu P, Li J, Du Y. Chitosan Oligosaccharides Regulate the Occurrence and Development of Enteritis in a Human Gut-On-a-Chip. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:877892. [PMID: 35557948 PMCID: PMC9086312 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.877892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Past studies on the protective effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) commonly rely on animal models, because traditional cell culture systems couldn't faithfully mimic human intestinal physiology. Here a novel human gut-on-a-chip microsystem was established to further explore the regulatory effects of COS on the occurrence and development of human enteritis. By constructing an intestinal injury model caused by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) on the chip, this study proved that COS can reduce intestinal epithelial injury by promoting the expression of the mucous layer for the first time. By establishing an inflammatory bowel disease model on the chip caused by E. coli 11775, this study demonstrated that COS can protect the intestinal epithelial barrier and vascular endothelial barrier by inhibiting the adhesion and invasion of E. coli 11775 for the first time. In addition, similar to the results in vivo, COS can decrease the inflammatory response by reducing the expression of toll-like receptor 4 protein and reducing the nuclear DNA binding rate of nuclear factor kappa-B protein on this chip. In summary, COS can be used as a potential drug to treat human IBD and the human gut-on-a-chip would be used as a platform for quick screening drugs to treat human IBD in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo A Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Chen
- China Food Industry Promotion Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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23
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Abdel-Wahab BA, Alkahtani SA, Alqahtani AA, Hassanein EHM. Umbelliferone ameliorates ulcerative colitis induced by acetic acid via modulation of TLR4/NF-κB-p65/iNOS and SIRT1/PPARγ signaling pathways in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37644-37659. [PMID: 35066822 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common chronic, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease associated with inflammatory perturbation and oxidative stress. Umbelliferone (UMB) is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant coumarin derivative. Depending on the possible mechanisms, we aimed to explore and elucidate the therapeutic potential of UMB on UC-inflammatory response and oxidative injury-induced via intrarectal administration of acetic acid (AA) in rats. Animals were assigned into four groups: control group, UMB (30 mg/kg, oral)-treated group, AA-induced colitis model group (2 ml of AA; 3% v/v), and colitis treated with UMB group. The results showed that UMB improved macroscopic and histological tissue injury caused by the AA. Mechanistically, UMB reduced the elevated colonic TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, and VCAM-1 and downregulated the gene and protein expression of TLR4, NF-κB, and iNOS signaling factors, exhibiting potent anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, UMB upregulated the gene and protein expression of both SIRT1 and PPARγ signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting both oxidative injury and inflammatory response. Conclusively, UMB protected rats against AA-induced UC by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB-p65/iNOS signaling pathway and promoting the SIRT1/PPARγ signaling. Our results showed the effectiveness of UMB in alleviating the pathogenesis of UC and introduced it as a possible therapeutic applicant for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Saad A Alkahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsalam A Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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24
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Matsumoto Y, Dimitriou ID, La Rose J, Lim M, Camilleri S, Law N, Adissu HA, Tong J, Moran MF, Chruscinski A, He F, Asano Y, Katsuyama T, Sada KE, Wada J, Rottapel R. Tankyrase represses autoinflammation through the attenuation of TLR2 signaling. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:140869. [PMID: 35362478 PMCID: PMC8970677 DOI: 10.1172/jci140869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Here, we provide genetic evidence that tankyrase, a member of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family, negatively regulates TLR2 signaling. We show that mice lacking tankyrase in myeloid cells developed severe systemic inflammation with high serum inflammatory cytokine levels. We provide mechanistic evidence that tankyrase deficiency resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of TLR2 and show that phosphorylation of tyrosine 647 within the TIR domain by SRC and SYK kinases was critical for TLR2 stabilization and signaling. Last, we show that the elevated cytokine production and inflammation observed in mice lacking tankyrase in myeloid cells were dependent on the adaptor protein 3BP2, which is required for SRC and SYK activation. These data demonstrate that tankyrase provides a checkpoint on the TLR-mediated innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Matsumoto
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ioannis D Dimitriou
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jose La Rose
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Lim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Camilleri
- Centre for Modeling Human Disease, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Napoleon Law
- Centre for Modeling Human Disease, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hibret A Adissu
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Inc., Chantilly, Virginia, USA
| | - Jiefei Tong
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Michael F Moran
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Molecular Genetics
| | | | - Fang He
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Asano
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katsuyama
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ei Sada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Robert Rottapel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine.,Department of Medical Biophysics, and.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Suau R, Pardina E, Domènech E, Lorén V, Manyé J. The Complex Relationship Between Microbiota, Immune Response and Creeping Fat in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:472-489. [PMID: 34528668 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, there has been growing interest in the pathological involvement of hypertrophic mesenteric fat attached to the serosa of the inflamed intestinal segments involved in Crohn's disease [CD], known as creeping fat. In spite of its protective nature, creeping fat harbours an aberrant inflammatory activity which, in an already inflamed intestine, may explain why creeping fat is associated with a greater severity of CD. The transmural inflammation of CD facilitates the interaction of mesenteric fat with translocated intestinal microorganisms, contributing to activation of the immune response. This may be not the only way in which microorganisms alter the homeostasis of this fatty tissue: intestinal dysbiosis may also impair xenobiotic metabolism. All these CD-related alterations have a functional impact on nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor or the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, which are implicated in regulation of the immune response, adipogenesis and the maintenance of barrier function, as well as on creeping fat production of inflammatory-associated cells such as adipokines. The dysfunction of creeping fat worsens the inflammatory course of CD and may favour intestinal fibrosis and fistulizing complications. However, our current knowledge of the pathophysiology and pathogenic role of creeping fat is controversial and a better understanding might provide new therapeutic targets for CD. Here we aim to review and update the key cellular and molecular alterations involved in this inflammatory process that link the pathological components of CD with the development of creeping fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Suau
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Pardina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain.,Gastroenterology Department, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' University Hospital, Badalona (Catalonia), Spain
| | - Violeta Lorén
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- IBD Research Group, 'Germans Trias i Pujol' Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona (Catalonia), Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), Madrid, Spain
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26
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Lo SM, Hwang YS, Liu CL, Shen CN, Hong WH, Yang WC, Lee MH, Shen CR. Inhibiting TLR7 Expression in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Suppresses Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:736261. [PMID: 35069523 PMCID: PMC8766412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.736261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), a model of human uveitis, is an organ-specific, T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Autoreactive T cells can penetrate the blood-retinal barrier, which is a physical defense composed of tight junction-linked retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. RPE cells serve as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the eye since they express MHC class I and II and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Although previous studies have shown that supplementation with TLR agonists exacerbates uveitis, little is known about how TLR signaling in the RPE contributes to the development of uveitis. In this study, we isolated the RPE from EAU mice, which were induced by active immunization (aEAU) or adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells (tEAU). The expression of TLRs on RPE was determined, and both aEAU and tEAU mice exhibited induced tlr7 expression. The TLR7 agonist R848 was shown to induce aggressive disease progression, along with significantly elevated levels of the uveopathogenic cytokine IL-17. Furthermore, not only IL-17 but also R848 appeared to enhance the inflammatory response and to impair the barrier function of the RPE, indicating that TLR7 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of EAU by affecting the behaviors of the RPE and consequently allowing the infiltration of autoreactive T cells intraocularly. Finally, local application of shRNA against TLR7 delivered by recombinant AAV effectively inhibited disease severity and reduced IFN-γ and IL-17. Our findings highlight an immunomodulatory role of RPE TLR7 in EAU development and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Lo
- Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shiou Hwang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Biochemical Technology R&D Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Hong
- Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hua Lee
- Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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27
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Overexpression of toll-like receptors and co-stimulatory molecules on immature dendritic cells of Crohn's disease. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Fang Y, Yan C, Zhao Q, Zhao B, Liao Y, Chen Y, Wang D, Tang D. The Association Between Gut Microbiota, Toll-Like Receptors, and Colorectal Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2022; 16:11795549221130549. [PMCID: PMC9634190 DOI: 10.1177/11795549221130549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The large number of microbes found in the gut are involved in various critical biological processes in the human body and have dynamic and complex interactions with the immune system. Disruptions in the host’s gut microbiota and the metabolites produced during fermentation promote the development of intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize specific microbial-associated molecular patterns specific to microorganisms whose signaling is involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis or, under certain conditions, mediating dysbiosis-associated intestinal inflammation. The signaling pathways of TLRs are described first, followed by a discussion of the interrelationship between gut microbes and TLRs, including the activation of TLRs by gut microbes and the effect of TLRs on the distribution of gut microbiota, particularly the role of microbes in colorectal carcinogenesis via TLRs. Finally, we discuss the potential roles of various TLRs in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- The People’s Hospital Of QianNan, Duyun, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Changshu No.2 People’s Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiqun Liao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuji Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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29
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Lashgari NA, Momeni Roudsari N, Khayatan D, Shayan M, Momtaz S, Roufogalis BD, Abdolghaffari AH, Sahebkar A. Ginger and its constituents: Role in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Biofactors 2022; 48:7-21. [PMID: 34882874 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with obscure etiology, are rising and are of worldwide concern. Of the various components of IBD pathogenesis and progression, irritation appears to play a major part. Investigations on the molecular and cellular pathways that activate the IBD provide the focus for the development of useful therapies. Ginger (the rhizome of Zingiber officinale) has a broad spectrum of clinical applications due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative functions. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the key pathogenic factors in many diseases, including IBD. The most established components of ginger are phenolic compounds called gingerols. A wide range of pharmacological activities of the potential therapeutic benefit of Z. officinale have been detailed. In this regard, the anti-inflammatory activity of ginger has been documented by many researchers. It was shown that ginger is a potent inhibitor of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer of activators of transcription (STATs), Nod-like receptor family proteins (NLRPs), toll-like receptors (TLRs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), and mTOR (mTOR) pathways, as well as inhibiting various pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the present report, the potential application of ginger in the management of IBD is reviewed in detail, with an emphasis on the relevant properties of ginger and its bioactive components. The significance of the functions, side effects, and delivery of ginger to the digestive system for particular application in IBD are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Khayatan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Basil D Roufogalis
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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30
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Rahman S, Vandewalle J, van Hamersveld PHP, Verseijden C, Welting O, Jongejan A, Casanova P, Meijer SL, Libert C, Hakvoort TBM, de Jonge WJ, Heinsbroek SEM. miR-511 Deficiency Protects Mice from Experimental Colitis by Reducing TLR3 and TLR4 Responses via WD Repeat and FYVE-Domain-Containing Protein 1. Cells 2021; 11:58. [PMID: 35011620 PMCID: PMC8750561 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial responses play an important role in maintaining intestinal heath. Recently we reported that miR-511 may regulate TLR4 responses leading to enhanced intestinal inflammation. However, the exact mechanism remained unclear. In this study we investigated the effect of miR-511 deficiency on anti-microbial responses and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation. miR-511-deficient mice were protected from DSS-induced colitis as shown by significantly lower disease activity index, weight loss and histology scores in the miR-511-deficient group. Furthermore, reduced inflammatory cytokine responses were observed in colons of miR-511 deficient mice. In vitro studies with bone marrow-derived M2 macrophages showed reduced TLR3 and TLR4 responses in miR-511-deficient macrophages compared to WT macrophages. Subsequent RNA sequencing revealed Wdfy1 as the potential miR-511 target. WDFY1 deficiency is related to impaired TLR3/TLR4 immune responses and the expression was downregulated in miR-511-deficient macrophages and colons. Together, this study shows that miR-511 is involved in the regulation of intestinal inflammation through downstream regulation of TLR3 and TLR4 responses via Wdfy1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaque Rahman
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (C.V.); (O.W.); (P.C.); (T.B.M.H.); (S.E.M.H.)
| | - Jolien Vandewalle
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (J.V.); (C.L.)
- VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patricia H. P. van Hamersveld
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (C.V.); (O.W.); (P.C.); (T.B.M.H.); (S.E.M.H.)
| | - Caroline Verseijden
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (C.V.); (O.W.); (P.C.); (T.B.M.H.); (S.E.M.H.)
| | - Olaf Welting
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (C.V.); (O.W.); (P.C.); (T.B.M.H.); (S.E.M.H.)
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Pierina Casanova
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (C.V.); (O.W.); (P.C.); (T.B.M.H.); (S.E.M.H.)
| | - Sybren L. Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Claude Libert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (J.V.); (C.L.)
- VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Theodorus B. M. Hakvoort
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (C.V.); (O.W.); (P.C.); (T.B.M.H.); (S.E.M.H.)
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (C.V.); (O.W.); (P.C.); (T.B.M.H.); (S.E.M.H.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sigrid E. M. Heinsbroek
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.R.); (P.H.P.v.H.); (C.V.); (O.W.); (P.C.); (T.B.M.H.); (S.E.M.H.)
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Boby N, Cao X, Ransom A, Pace BT, Mabee C, Shroyer MN, Das A, Didier PJ, Srivastav SK, Porter E, Sha Q, Pahar B. Identification, Characterization, and Transcriptional Reprogramming of Epithelial Stem Cells and Intestinal Enteroids in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2021; 12:769990. [PMID: 34887863 PMCID: PMC8650114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell injury and impaired epithelial regeneration are considered key features in HIV pathogenesis and contribute to HIV-induced generalized immune activation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the disrupted epithelial regeneration might provide an alternative approach for the treatment of HIV-mediated enteropathy and immune activation. We have observed a significant increased presence of α defensin5+ (HD5) Paneth cells and proliferating Ki67+ epithelial cells as well as decreased expression of E-cadherin expression in epithelial cells during SIV infection. SIV infection did not significantly influence the frequency of LGR5+ stem cells, but the frequency of HD5+ cells was significantly higher compared to uninfected controls in jejunum. Our global transcriptomics analysis of enteroids provided novel information about highly significant changes in several important pathways like metabolic, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, where the majority of the differentially expressed genes were downregulated in enteroids grown from chronically SIV-infected macaques compared to the SIV-uninfected controls. Despite the lack of significant reduction in LGR5+ stem cell population, the dysregulation of several intestinal stem cell niche factors including Notch, mTOR, AMPK and Wnt pathways as well as persistence of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and loss of epithelial barrier function in enteroids further supports that SIV infection impacts on epithelial cell proliferation and intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongthombam Boby
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Xuewei Cao
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Alyssa Ransom
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Barcley T Pace
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Christopher Mabee
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Monica N Shroyer
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Arpita Das
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Peter J Didier
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Sudesh K Srivastav
- Department of Biostatistics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Edith Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Qiuying Sha
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Bapi Pahar
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Enteropathogenic infections modulate intestinal serotonin transporter (SERT) function by activating Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) in Crohn's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22624. [PMID: 34799637 PMCID: PMC8604993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) is an intestinal neuromodulator that regulates several essential enteric physiological functions such as absorption or secretion of fluids, and peristaltic reflexes. Availability of the intestinal 5-HT is dependent on serotonin transporter (SERT), which uptakes 5-HT and facilitates its degradation. Interestingly, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) is co-localized with 5-HT, which suggests a possible impact of neuroendocrine cells in the inflammatory response through TLR-2 activation. Serum 5-HT levels were measured in 80 Crohn's disease (CD) patients and 40 healthy control subjects. Additionally, fully differentiated Caco-2 monolayers were infected with Mycobacteria paratuberculosis (MAP), L. monocytogenes, or M. smegmatis in the presence of exogenous 5-HT at different concentrations. Cells were subsequently harvested and used for measuring SERT activity, RNA isolation followed by RT-PCR, protein quantification, and tissue damage markers (DHE, LDH, GSH and MDA). TLR-2 intracellular signaling pathways were assessed by pre-incubating Caco-2 monolayers with selective blockers of ERK, cAMP/PKA, p38 MAPK, and 5-HT3 receptors. MAP-infected CD patients (N = 40) had higher serum 5-HT levels (462.95 ± 8.55 ng/mL, N = 40) than those without MAP infection (385.33 ± 10.3 ng/mL, N = 40). TLR-2 activation by enteropathogenic bacteria inhibited SERT activity in the presence of exogenous 5-HT by up to 50%. These effects were increasing gradually over 72 h, and MAP infection had the greatest effect on SERT inhibition when cells were exposed to 5-HT in a concentration dependent manner. Additionally, inhibition of SERT activity was accompanied with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) and oxidative stress markers (DHE, LDH and MDA), whereas SERT expression and protein level were downregulated. Consequently, inhibition of TLR-2 and p38 MAPK signaling or blocking 5-HT3 receptors restored SERT activity and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as reflected by the downregulation of oxidative stress and tissue damage markers. The involvement of TLR-2 in the intestinal pathology might be concluded not only from its innate immune role, but also from its effect on modulating the intestinal serotonergic response. Ultimately, regulating the intestinal serotonergic system can be therapeutically exploited to mitigate other enteropathogenic infections, which will help in understanding the gut-microbiome-brain connection.
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Toll-Like Receptors as Drug Targets in the Intestinal Epithelium. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 276:291-314. [PMID: 34783909 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) receptors are responsible for initiation of inflammatory responses by their recognition of molecular patterns present in invading microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses or fungi) or in molecules released following tissue damage in disease states. Expressed in the intestinal epithelium, they initiate an intracellular signalling cascade in response to molecular patterns resulting in the activation of transcription factors and the release of cytokines, chemokines and vasoactive molecules. Intestinal epithelial cells are exposed to microorganisms on a daily basis and form part of the primary defence against pathogens by using TLRs. TLRs and their accessory molecules are subject to tight regulation in these cells so as to not overreact or react in unnecessary circumstances. TLRs have more recently been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases as a result of inappropriate regulation, this can be damaging and lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Targeting Toll-like receptors offers a potential therapeutic approach for IBD. In this review, the current knowledge on the TLRs is reviewed along with their association with intestinal diseases. Finally, compounds that target TLRs in animal models of IBD, clinic trials and their future merit as targets are discussed.
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Chen H, Wu X, Xu C, Lin J, Liu Z. Dichotomous roles of neutrophils in modulating pathogenic and repair processes of inflammatory bowel diseases. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2021; 4:246-257. [PMID: 35692862 PMCID: PMC8982532 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are considered as complex innate immune cells and play a critical role in maintaining intestinal mucosal homeostasis. They exert robust pro-inflammatory effects and recruit other immune cells in the acute phase of pathogen infection and intestinal inflammation, but paradoxically, they also limit exogenous microbial invasion and facilitate mucosal restoration. Hyperactivation or dysfunction of neutrophils results in abnormal immune responses, leading to multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). As a refractory intestinal inflammatory disease, the pathogenesis and progression of IBD are associated with complicated immune response processes in which neutrophils are profoundly involved. However, the consensus on potential roles of neutrophils in modulating pathogenic and repair processes of IBD remains not fully understood. Accumulated infiltrating neutrophils cross the epithelial barrier and contribute to microbial dysbiosis, aggravated intestinal architectural damage, compromised resolution of intestinal inflammation and increased risk of thrombosis during IBD. Paradoxically, activated neutrophils are also associated with effective elimination of invaded microbiota, promoted angiogenesis and tissue restoration of gut mucosa in IBD. Here, we discuss the beneficial and detrimental roles of neutrophils in the onset and resolution of intestinal mucosal inflammation, hoping to provide a precise overview of neutrophil functions in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chunjin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City Affiliated to Xinxiang Medical University, Shangqiu 476100, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian 351106, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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Qin J, Li H, Yu W, Wei L, Wen B. Effect of cold exposure and capsaicin on the expression of histone acetylation and Toll-like receptors in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60981-60992. [PMID: 34165751 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that capsaicin-rich diet and cold weather have shown strong association with tumor incidence. Thus, we investigated the effects of capsaicin and cold exposure in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer as well as the mechanisms underlying capsaicin and cold-induced CRC. Rats were randomly divided into four groups and received cold still water and capsaicin via intragastric gavage until the end of the experiment. The rat's body weight, thymus weight, and food intakes were assessed. Global levels of histone H3K9, H3K18, H3K27, and H4K16 acetylation and histone deacetylase (HDACs) in colon mucosa were assessed by western blot. Expression levels of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) were measured by western blot and reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We found that cold and low-dose capsaicin increased tumor numbers and multiplicity, although there were no differences in tumor incidence. Additionally, rat exposure to cold water and capsaicin display further higher levels of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9AC), histone H3 lysine 18 (H3K18AC), histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27AC), and HDACs compared with the DMH and normal rats. In contrast, a considerable decrease of histone H4 lysine 16 (H4K16AC) was detected in the colon mucosa. Cold and low-dose capsaicin exposure groups were also increased TLR2 and TLR4 protein levels and mRNA levels. These results suggest that chronic cold exposure and capsaicin at a low-dose intervention exacerbate ectopic expression of global histone acetylation and TLR level, which are crucial mechanisms responsible for the progression of colorectal cancer in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Qin
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huixuan Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Yu
- The Second People's Hospital Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Li Wei
- Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Expression and Polymorphism of TSLP/TSLP Receptors as Potential Diagnostic Markers of Colorectal Cancer Progression. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091386. [PMID: 34573368 PMCID: PMC8469613 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Inflammation is considered as a critical driver for CRC development and growth. We investigated the association between polymorphisms/expression levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) /TSLP receptors and CRC risk in Saudi population. DNA samples were isolated from blood samples from 220 participants. Case subjects were 112 patients diagnosed with CRC, while control subjects were 108 healthy individuals, who were not diagnosed with any type of malignancy. We selected two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the thymic stromal lymphopoietin gene (rs10043985 and rs2289276), three SNPs in TSLP receptor gene (TSLPR; rs36139698, rs36177645, and rs36133495), and two other SNPs in interleukin-7 receptor gene (IL-7R; rs12516866 and rs1053496), and designated these SNPs for a case-control genotyping study. The gene expression was analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays array on 20 matching colorectal cancer/normal tissues. mRNA expressions and protein levels of TSLP, TSLPR-α subunit, and IL-7R-α subunit showed a 4-fold increase in colon cancer tissues when compared to normal colon tissues. Furthermore, two SNPs (rs10043985 of TSLP and rs1053496 of IL-7R) showed statistically significant correlations with CRC susceptibility. Interestingly, only rs10043985 showed a statistically significant association (p < 0.0001) in the genotypic and phenotypic levels with CRC for all clinical parameters (age, gender, and tumor location) tested. However, IL-7R rs1053496 genotyping results presented a significant correlation (p < 0.05) in male CRC patients and in individuals under 57 years of age. TSLP rs2289276, IL-7R rs12516866, and all TSLPR variants did not display any significant genotypic or phenotypic correlations in all tested clinical parameters. This study identified that TSLP rs10043985 and IL-7R rs1053496 SNPs, and the expression levels of TSLP and TSLPR-α subunit, can be used as markers for CRC development and treatment. However, additional investigations are required on larger group of patients from diverse ethnicities to confirm the genetic association of these variants to CRC.
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Sheikh A, Taube J, Greathouse KL. Contribution of the Microbiota and their Secretory Products to Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: The Role of Toll-like Receptors. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1133-1142. [PMID: 34218275 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in diversity and function of the gut microbiome are associated with concomitant changes in immune response, including chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). An important component of the inflammatory response system are the toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are capable of sensing microbial components, including nucleic acids, lipopolysaccharides, and peptidoglycans, as well as bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV). OMVs can be decorated with or carry as cargo these TLR activating factors. These microbial factors can either promote tolerance or activate signaling pathways leading to chronic inflammation. Herein we discuss the role of the microbiome and the OMVs that originate from intestinal bacteria in promoting chronic inflammation and the development of colitis-associated CRC. We also discuss the contribution of TLRs in mediating the microbiome-inflammation axis and subsequent cancer development. Understanding the role of the microbiome and its secretory factors in TLR response may lead to the development of better cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Sheikh
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University
| | - Joseph Taube
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University
| | - K Leigh Greathouse
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Baylor University.,Human Science and Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University
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Morshedzadeh N, Shahrokh S, Chaleshi V, Karimi S, Mirmiran P, Zali MR. The effects of flaxseed supplementation on gene expression and inflammation in ulcerative colitis patients: An open-labelled randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14035. [PMID: 33482045 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestinal mucosa, is a clinical presentation of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study investigated the effect of grounded flaxseed (GF) and flaxseed oil (FO) on clinical biomarkers, quality of life and diseases activity in patients with UC. This research was conducted among 90 patients with UC for 12 weeks using an open-labelled randomised controlled trial design. METHODS The participants were randomly assigned into two intervention groups supplemented with GF (30 gr/day) and FO (10 gr/day) as well as a control group. The participants' data were collected prior to and 12 weeks after the intervention. The one-way analysis of variance was run to compare variables. RESULTS A total of 75 patients completed the study. After the intervention, hs-CRP (P < .001) and Mayo score (P < .001) were reduced significantly, but quality of life was increased significantly (P < .001) in the GF and FO groups compared with the control. A significant increase was observed in IL-10 concentration in the FO group, but no significant change was found in serum levels of IL-10 in the control group. Moreover, the decrease in Mayo score was greater in patients at more severe stages of the disease (P < .05). No difference was observed between the intervention groups and control group in mRNA expression level of TLR4 at the 12th week. CONCLUSION In conclusion, grounded flaxseed and FO attenuated systemic inflammation and improved disease severity in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Morshedzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Chaleshi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Karimi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Holland AM, Bon-Frauches AC, Keszthelyi D, Melotte V, Boesmans W. The enteric nervous system in gastrointestinal disease etiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4713-4733. [PMID: 33770200 PMCID: PMC8195951 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A highly conserved but convoluted network of neurons and glial cells, the enteric nervous system (ENS), is positioned along the wall of the gut to coordinate digestive processes and gastrointestinal homeostasis. Because ENS components are in charge of the autonomous regulation of gut function, it is inevitable that their dysfunction is central to the pathophysiology and symptom generation of gastrointestinal disease. While for neurodevelopmental disorders such as Hirschsprung, ENS pathogenesis appears to be clear-cut, the role for impaired ENS activity in the etiology of other gastrointestinal disorders is less established and is often deemed secondary to other insults like intestinal inflammation. However, mounting experimental evidence in recent years indicates that gastrointestinal homeostasis hinges on multifaceted connections between the ENS, and other cellular networks such as the intestinal epithelium, the immune system, and the intestinal microbiome. Derangement of these interactions could underlie gastrointestinal disease onset and elicit variable degrees of abnormal gut function, pinpointing, perhaps unexpectedly, the ENS as a diligent participant in idiopathic but also in inflammatory and cancerous diseases of the gut. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence on the role of the ENS in the pathogenesis of enteric neuropathies, disorders of gut-brain interaction, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Marie Holland
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ana Carina Bon-Frauches
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, NUTRIM-School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Werend Boesmans
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi Granule Enhances Colonic Tight Junction Integrity via TLR4/NF- κB/MLCK Signaling Pathway in Ulcerative Colitis Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6657141. [PMID: 33763148 PMCID: PMC7963908 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Bu-zhong-yi-qi granule (BZYQ), a sort of Chinese herbal medicine, has exhibited therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanism of BZYQ has not been fully clarified. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of BZYQ on UC rats model and at exploring its potential mechanism. Methods The UC rats were established by enema of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The therapeutic effects of BZYQ treatment were evaluated by disease activity index (DAI), colon macroscopic damage index (CMDI) scores, and histological observation. The mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, occludin and claudin-1, in the colon was determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The expression of toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), p-NF-κB, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), MLC, and p-MLC levels in colon was determined by Western blot or qPCR. Results The results showed that BZYQ could attenuate DAI, CMDI, and histological inflammation. TJ proteins expression was decreased in UC rats, but treatment with BZYQ restored the expression of occludin and claudin-1. In addition, BZYQ administration ameliorated UC-associated increase in the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and the expression of TLR4, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, MLCK, MLC, and p-MLC, while BZYQ administration increased the production of IL-10. Conclusions The therapeutic effect of BZYQ on UC is at least partially through regulation of the secretion of some inflammatory cytokines and improvement of TJ integrity via TLR4/NF-κB/MLCK pathway.
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Michael H, Paim FC, Miyazaki A, Langel SN, Fischer DD, Chepngeno J, Goodman SD, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 administered as a dextranomar microsphere biofilm enhances immune responses against human rotavirus in a neonatal malnourished pig model colonized with human infant fecal microbiota. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246193. [PMID: 33592026 PMCID: PMC7886176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rotavirus (HRV) is a leading cause of diarrhea in children. It causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where HRV vaccine efficacy is low. The probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) 1917 has been widely used in the treatment of enteric diseases in humans. However, repeated doses of EcN are required to achieve maximum beneficial effects. Administration of EcN on a microsphere biofilm could increase probiotic stability and persistence, thus maximizing health benefits without repeated administrations. Our aim was to investigate immune enhancement by the probiotic EcN adhered to a dextranomar microsphere biofilm (EcN biofilm) in a neonatal, malnourished piglet model transplanted with human infant fecal microbiota (HIFM) and infected with rotavirus. To create malnourishment, pigs were fed a reduced amount of bovine milk. Decreased HRV fecal shedding and protection from diarrhea were evident in the EcN biofilm treated piglets compared with EcN suspension and control groups. Moreover, EcN biofilm treatment enhanced natural killer cell activity in blood mononuclear cells (MNCs). Increased frequencies of activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in systemic and intestinal tissues and activated conventional dendritic cells (cDC) in blood and duodenum were also observed in EcN biofilm as compared with EcN suspension treated pigs. Furthermore, EcN biofilm treated pigs had increased frequencies of systemic activated and resting/memory antibody forming B cells and IgA+ B cells in the systemic tissues. Similarly, the mean numbers of systemic and intestinal HRV-specific IgA antibody secreting cells (ASCs), as well as HRV-specific IgA antibody titers in serum and small intestinal contents, were increased in the EcN biofilm treated group. In summary EcN biofilm enhanced innate and B cell immune responses after HRV infection and ameliorated diarrhea following HRV challenge in a malnourished, HIFM pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husheem Michael
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Francine C. Paim
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ayako Miyazaki
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Viral Disease and Epidemiology, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Stephanie N. Langel
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David D. Fischer
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Juliet Chepngeno
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Goodman
- Centre for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ANV); (LJS)
| | - Anastasia Nickolaevna Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ANV); (LJS)
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Chorawala MR, Chauhan S, Patel R, Shah G. Cell Wall Contents of Probiotics (Lactobacillus species) Protect Against Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Murine Colitis by Limiting Immuno-inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1005-1017. [PMID: 33544362 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective therapeutic agents to limit intestinal mucosal damage associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Based on several clinical studies, probiotics have emerged as a possible novel therapeutic strategy for IBD; however, their possible mechanisms are still poorly understood. Although probiotics in murine and human improve disease severity, very little is known about the specific contribution of cell wall contents of probiotics in IBD. Herein, we investigated the protective effects of cell wall contents of three Lactobacillus species in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced colitis rats. LPS-sensitized rats were rendered colitic by colonic instillation of LPS (500 µg/rat) for 14 consecutive days. Concurrently, cell wall contents isolated from 106 CFU of L. casei (LC), L. acidophilus (LA), and L. rhamnosus (LA) was given subcutaneously for 21 days, considering sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg, p.o.) as standard. The severity of colitis was assessed by body weight loss, food intake, stool consistency, rectal bleeding, colon weight/length, spleen weight, and histological analysis. Colonic inflammatory markers (myeloperoxidase activity, C-reactive protein, and pro-inflammatory cytokines) and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and nitric oxide) were also assayed. Cell wall contents of LC, LA, and LR significantly ameliorated the severity of colitis by reducing body weight loss and diarrhea and bleeding incidence, improving food intake, colon weight/length, spleen weight, and microscopic damage to the colonic mucosa. The treatment also reduced levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and boosted anti-oxidant molecule. In conclusion, cell wall contents of LC, LA, and LR attenuate LPS-induced colitis by modulating immuno-inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sweta Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Gaurang Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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van der Houwen TB, Dik WA, Goeijenbier M, Hayat M, Nagtzaam NMA, van Hagen M, van Laar JAM. Leukocyte toll-like receptor expression in pathergy positive and negative Behçet's disease patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:3971-3979. [PMID: 32756992 PMCID: PMC7733715 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether the auto-inflammatory nature and the pathergic reaction in Behçet’s disease (BD) are driven by a disturbed toll-like receptor (TLR) response. Methods We compared both TLR expression by flow-cytometry and TLR response by stimulation assay in 18 BD patients (both pathergy positive and pathergy negative) with 15 healthy controls. Results Expression of TLR1 and 2 was significantly elevated in B-lymphocytes of BD patients compared with healthy controls. TLR1, 2 and 4 were significantly more highly expressed in both CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes of BD patients. Granulocytes of BD patients displayed significantly higher expression of TLR1, 2, 4 and 6. TLR2, 4 and 5 expression was significantly increased on classical monocytes of BD patients. Intermediate monocytes of BD patients showed an increase in expression of TLR2. Furthermore, TLR2 and 5 were significantly more highly expressed in non-classical monocytes of BD patients. In pathergy positive patients, TLR5 was even more highly expressed compared with pathergy negative patients on B- and T-lymphocytes and granulocytes. Furthermore, TLR2 and 5 showed an elevated TNF-α response to stimulation with their cognate ligands. Conclusion Immune cells of BD patients overexpress TLR1, 2, 4, 5 and 6. Furthermore, after stimulation of TLR2 and 5, BD patients demonstrate a more potent TNF-α response. Although this is a small cohort, in the pathergy positive patients, TLR5 expression is even further augmented, suggesting that a microbial (flagellin) or damage (HMGB1) associated signal may trigger the exaggerated immune response that is characteristic for the pathergy phenomenon in BD. In conclusion, these results point to an exaggerated TLR response in the auto-inflammatory nature of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim B van der Houwen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Clinical Immunology.,Department of Immunology
| | | | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manizhah Hayat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Clinical Immunology
| | | | - Martin van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Clinical Immunology.,Department of Immunology
| | - Jan A M van Laar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Clinical Immunology.,Department of Immunology
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Nicotine Modulates MyD88-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Macrophages during Mycobacterial Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111804. [PMID: 33212859 PMCID: PMC7698335 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that cigarette smoking, and especially nicotine, increases susceptibility to mycobacterial infection and exacerbates inflammation in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). The macrophagic response to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in CD and Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MTB) continues to be under investigation. The role of toll-like-receptors (TLRs) and cytoplasmic adaptor protein (MyD88) in proinflammatory response during Mycobacterial infection has been suggested. However, the mechanism of how nicotine modulates macrophage response during infection in CD and exacerbates inflammatory response remain unclear. In this study, we elucidated the mechanistic role of nicotine in modulating MyD88-dependent/TLR pathway signaling in a macrophage system during mycobacterial infection. The data demonstrated that MAP infection in THP-1 derived macrophages was mediated through TLR2 and MyD88 leading to increase in IL-8 in expression and production. On the other hand, LPS-representing, Gram-negative bacteria mediated macrophage response through TLR4. Blocking TLR2 and TLR4 with antagonists voided the effect of MAP, and LPS, respectively in macrophages and reversed response with decrease in expression of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-8. Interestingly, nicotine in infected macrophages significantly (1) downregulated TLR2 and TLR4 expression, (2) activated MyD88, (3) increased M1/M2 ratio, and (4) increased expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines especially IL-8, as seen in CD smokers. We also discovered that blocking macrophages during MAP infection with MyD88 antagonist significantly decreased response which illustrates the key role for MyD88 during infection. Surprisingly, dual treatment of MAP-infected macrophages with MyD88 antagonist and nicotine absolutely impaired immune response and decreased MAP viability, which clearly validate the inflammatory role of nicotine in macrophages through TLR2/MyD88 pathway during infection. This is the first report to describe the mechanism by which nicotine modulates TLR2/MyDD88 and exacerbates inflammation in CD smokers associated with infection.
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45
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Zhang J, Huang YJ, Yoon JY, Kemmitt J, Wright C, Schneider K, Sphabmixay P, Hernandez-Gordillo V, Holcomb SJ, Bhushan B, Rohatgi G, Benton K, Carpenter D, Kester JC, Eng G, Breault DT, Yilmaz O, Taketani M, Voigt CA, Carrier RL, Trumper DL, Griffith LG. Primary human colonic mucosal barrier crosstalk with super oxygen-sensitive Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in continuous culture. MED 2020; 2:74-98.e9. [PMID: 33511375 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and disease. Gnotobiotic animal and in vitro cell-based models provide some informative insights into mechanistic crosstalk. However, there is no existing system for a long-term co-culture of a human colonic mucosal barrier with super oxygen-sensitive commensal microbes, hindering the study of human-microbe interactions in a controlled manner. Methods Here, we investigated the effects of an abundant super oxygen-sensitive commensal anaerobe, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, on a primary human mucosal barrier using a Gut-MIcrobiome (GuMI) physiome platform that we designed and fabricated. Findings Long-term continuous co-culture of F. prausnitzii for two days with colon epithelia, enabled by continuous flow of completely anoxic apical media and aerobic basal media, resulted in a strictly anaerobic apical environment fostering growth of and butyrate production by F. prausnitzii, while maintaining a stable colon epithelial barrier. We identified elevated differentiation and hypoxia-responsive genes and pathways in the platform compared with conventional aerobic static culture of the colon epithelia, attributable to a combination of anaerobic environment and continuous medium replenishment. Furthermore, we demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of F. prausnitzii through HDAC and the TLR-NFKB axis. Finally, we identified that butyrate largely contributes to the anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating TLR3 and TLR4. Conclusions Our results are consistent with some clinical observations regarding F. prausnitzii, thus motivating further studies employing this platform with more complex engineered colon tissues for understanding the interaction between the human colonic mucosal barrier and microbiota, pathogens, or engineered bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Young Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brij Bhushan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gar Rohatgi
- EPAM Continuum, 41 University Drive, Newtown, PA 18940, USA
| | - Kyle Benton
- EPAM Continuum, 41 University Drive, Newtown, PA 18940, USA
| | | | | | | | - David T Breault
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca L Carrier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David L Trumper
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Nascimento RDPD, Machado APDF, Galvez J, Cazarin CBB, Maróstica Junior MR. Ulcerative colitis: Gut microbiota, immunopathogenesis and application of natural products in animal models. Life Sci 2020; 258:118129. [PMID: 32717271 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with increasing incidence in the world, especially in developing countries. Although knowledge of its pathogenesis has progressed over the last years, some details require clarification. Studies have highlighted the role of microbial dysbiosis and immune dysfunction as essential factors that may initiate the typical high-grade inflammatory outcome. In order to better understand the immunopathophysiological aspects of UC, experimental murine models are valuable tools. Some of the most commonly used chemicals to induce colitis are trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, oxazolone and dextran sodium sulfate. These may also be used to investigate new ways of preventing or treating UC and therefore improving targeting in human studies. The use of functional foods or bioactive compounds from plants may constitute an innovative direction towards the future of alternative medicine. Considering the above, this review focused on updated information regarding the 1. gut microbiota and immunopathogenesis of UC; 2. the most utilized animal models of the disease and their relevance; and 3. experimental application of natural products, not yet tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Paula do Nascimento
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Monteiro Lobato street, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula da Fonseca Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Monteiro Lobato street, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Galvez
- Universidad de Granada (UGR), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Departamento de Farmacología, 18071 Andaluzia, Granada, Spain.
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Monteiro Lobato street, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mario Roberto Maróstica Junior
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos (FEA), Monteiro Lobato street, 80, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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47
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Mischel RA, Muchhala KH, Dewey WL, Akbarali HI. The "Culture" of Pain Control: A Review of Opioid-Induced Dysbiosis (OID) in Antinociceptive Tolerance. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2020; 21:751-762. [PMID: 31841668 PMCID: PMC7286790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that chronic opioid use leads to maladaptive changes in the composition and localization of gut bacteria. Recently, this "opioid-induced dysbiosis" (OID) has been linked to antinociceptive tolerance development in preclinical models and may therefore identify promising targets for new opioid-sparing strategies. Such developments are critical to curb dose escalations in the clinical setting and combat the ongoing opioid epidemic. In this article, we review the existing literature that pertains to OID, including the current evidence regarding its qualitative nature, influence on antinociceptive tolerance, and future prospects. PERSPECTIVE: This article reviews the current literature on OID of gut bacteria, including its qualitative nature, influence on antinociceptive tolerance, and future prospects. This work may help identify targets for new opioid-sparing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Mischel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Karan H Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - William L Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hamid I Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
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48
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Lei L, Li X, Yuan YJ, Chen ZL, He JH, Wu JH, Cai XS. Inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 attenuates 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis via repressing toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 36:705-711. [PMID: 32396274 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by recurring inflammatory disorders in digestive system, and devoid of effective treatment. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), stimulated via inflammation whose inhibition could decrease secretion of inflammatory factors. We then determined whether inhibition of PCSK9 could improve the inflammation. First, rats model of colitis was first established via administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), and then verified via determination of body weight loss, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and histopathological analysis of colonic damage. Results showed that treatment with TNBS induced a great body weight loss, MPO activity increase, and serious colonic damage, showing an obviously character of IBD. PCSK9 was elevated in TNBS-induced rats, and PCSK9 inhibition delivered by adenovirus vector increased the body weight, decreased MPO activity, and ameliorated histological change of colon. Second, the protective effect of PCSK9 inhibition against TNBS-induced colitis was accompanied by decrease of proinflammatory factors secretion, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. TNBS could activate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, while PCSK9 inhibition suppressed activation of TLR4/NF-κB in TNBS-induced rats. In conclusion, PCSK9 inhibition attenuated TNBS-induced rat colitis through anti-inflammatory effect under inactivation of TLR4/NF-κB, suggesting potential therapeutic strategy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- GI Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Xu Li
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - You-Jun Yuan
- Department of Emergency, WenZhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Zhi-Li Chen
- Department of Emergency, WenZhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Jian-Hua He
- GI Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wu
- Department of Emergency, WenZhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou City, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Cai
- Department of Emergency, WenZhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou City, China
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49
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Jose SS, De Zuani M, Tidu F, Hortová Kohoutková M, Pazzagli L, Forte G, Spaccapelo R, Zelante T, Frič J. Comparison of two human organoid models of lung and intestinal inflammation reveals Toll-like receptor signalling activation and monocyte recruitment. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1131. [PMID: 32377340 PMCID: PMC7200218 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The activation of immune responses in mucosal tissues is a key factor for the development and sustainment of several pathologies including infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases. However, translational research and personalised medicine struggle to advance because of the lack of suitable preclinical models that successfully mimic the complexity of human tissues without relying on in vivo mouse models. Here, we propose two in vitro human 3D tissue models, deprived of any resident leucocytes, to model mucosal tissue inflammatory processes. Methods We developed human 3D lung and intestinal organoids differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells to model mucosal tissues. We then compared their response to a panel of microbial ligands and investigated their ability to attract and host human primary monocytes. Results Mature lung and intestinal organoids comprised epithelial (EpCAM+) and mesenchymal (CD73+) cells which responded to Toll‐like receptor stimulation by releasing pro‐inflammatory cytokines and expressing tissue inflammatory markers including MMP9, COX2 and CRP. When added to the organoid culture, primary human monocytes migrated towards the organoids and began to differentiate to an ‘intermediate‐like’ phenotype characterised by increased levels of CD14 and CD16. Conclusion We show that human mucosal organoids exhibit proper immune functions and successfully mimic an immunocompetent tissue microenvironment able to host patient‐derived immune cells. Our experimental set‐up provides a novel tool to tackle the complexity of immune responses in mucosal tissues which can be tailored to different human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sushama Jose
- International Clinical Research Center St. Anne's University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marco De Zuani
- International Clinical Research Center St. Anne's University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Federico Tidu
- International Clinical Research Center St. Anne's University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic.,Department of Biology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | | | - Lucia Pazzagli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and University Research Center for Functional Genomic (C.U.R.Ge.F) University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center St. Anne's University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Spaccapelo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and University Research Center for Functional Genomic (C.U.R.Ge.F) University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine and University Research Center for Functional Genomic (C.U.R.Ge.F) University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Jan Frič
- International Clinical Research Center St. Anne's University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion Prague Czech Republic
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50
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Ruiz E, Penrose HM, Heller S, Nakhoul H, Baddoo M, Flemington EF, Kandil E, Savkovic SD. Bacterial TLR4 and NOD2 signaling linked to reduced mitochondrial energy function in active inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:350-363. [PMID: 31063017 PMCID: PMC7524318 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1611152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been linked to active signaling with bacterial components and reduced mitochondrial ATP production; however, synergism between both of these disease characteristics remains unclear. We aimed to determine in human IBD transcriptomes the link between a transcriptional signature unique to intestinal cells (ICs) with reduced mitochondrial ATP production (Mito-0) and bacteria triggered signaling using a bioinformatics approach. We generated an IC Mito-0 panel comprised of 199 differentially expressed (DE) transcripts mediated by reduced mitochondrial ATP function (DEGseq, log2 fold-change > |2|, p < .001). Transcripts from this panel were involved in diverse biological functions including regulation of mitochondrial energy (lower ATP), extracellular matrix, cell-cell contact, cytoskeleton, growth, metabolism, and inflammation. Next, unsupervised hierarchical clustering showed that the Mito-0 panel distinctly separated inflamed IBD from non-inflamed transcriptomes, which was also supported by principal component analysis (PCA) revealing distinct variation between sample types based on presence of the Mito-0 signature (PCA, p = 8.77e-09). Utilizing three independent IBD cohorts, we validated that 60 novel transcripts from the Mito-0 panel were significantly increased in inflamed tissue. Subsequently, KEGG generated bacterial TLR4 and NOD2 transcriptional signatures strongly associated with inflamed IBD transcriptomes and with the Mito-0 signature as determined by Spearman's analysis (coefficient of correlation, r = 0.92, p < .05). Herein, using a comprehensive analysis we demonstrated existence of an axis between bacteria triggered signaling and reduced mitochondrial energy function. Furthermore, we identified and validated novel transcripts within this axis as potential drivers and therapeutic targets for human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Ruiz
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Harrison M. Penrose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sandra Heller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hani Nakhoul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Melody Baddoo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Erik F. Flemington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Suzana D. Savkovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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