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Choi WS, Nowalk MP, Moehling Geffel K, Susick M, Saul S, Lin CJ, Ross TM, Zimmerman RK. Smoking and serological response to influenza vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2404752. [PMID: 39400298 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2404752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking confers additional risk from influenza. This study assessed the effect of smoking on humoral immune response to influenza vaccine. Adults ≥50 y of age were enrolled during the 2011-2016 influenza vaccination seasons in an observational prospective study. Non-fasting whole blood samples for hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays were obtained from participants at pre- and 28 d post-clinically administered, trivalent influenza vaccination. Among 273 participants, 133 subjects self-reported as never smokers, 87 as ex-smokers, and 53 as current smokers. Postvaccination geometric mean HAI titers were significantly higher among smokers for A/H1N1 (p = .031) and A/H3N2 (p = .001). Relative to never smokers, smoking was independently related to seroconversion to A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B. The adjusted odd ratios (ORs) were 5.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3, 11.5] for seroconversion to A/H1N1, 5.4 (95% CI, 2.4, 12.1) for A/H3N2, and 2.7 (95% CI, 1.3, 5.7) for B. Smoking was also independently related to seroprotection to A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B. The ORs were 3.6 (95% CI, 1.6, 8.08) for seroprotection to A/H1N1 in smokers, 2.7 (95% CI, 1.14, 6.5) for A/H3N2, and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.1, 5.7) for B. Although the mechanism is unclear, smokers showed a better immune response to influenza vaccination than never smokers and ex-smokers. The results can be used to emphasize the value of influenza vaccination for smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mary Patricia Nowalk
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Krissy Moehling Geffel
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Susick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sean Saul
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chyongchiou Jeng Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard K Zimmerman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Zanussi JT, Zhao J, Wei WQ, Karakoc G, Chung CP, Feng Q, Olsen NJ, Stein CM, Kawai VK. Clinical diagnoses associated with a positive antinuclear antibody test in patients with and without autoimmune disease. BMC Rheumatol 2023; 7:24. [PMID: 37550754 PMCID: PMC10405518 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-023-00349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are antibodies present in several autoimmune disorders. However, a large proportion of the general population (20%) also have a positive test; very few of these individuals will develop an autoimmune disease, and the clinical impact of a positive ANA in them is not known. Thus, we test the hypothesis that ANA + test reflects a state of immune dysregulation that alters risk for some clinical disorders in individuals without an autoimmune disease. METHODS We performed high throughput association analyses in a case-control study using real world data from the de-identified electronic health record (EHR) system from Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The study population included individuals with an ANA titer ≥ 1:80 at any time (ANA +) and those with negative results (ANA-). The cohort was stratified into sub-cohorts of individuals with and without an autoimmune disease. A phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) adjusted by sex, year of birth, race, and length of follow-up was performed in the study cohort and in the sub-cohorts. As secondary analyses, only clinical diagnoses after ANA testing were included in the analyses. RESULTS The cohort included 70,043 individuals: 49,546 without and 20,497 with an autoimmune disease, 26,579 were ANA + and 43,464 ANA-. In the study cohort and the sub-cohort with autoimmune disease, ANA + was associated (P ≤ 5 × 10-5) with 88 and 136 clinical diagnoses respectively, including lupus (OR ≥ 5.4, P ≤ 7.8 × 10-202) and other autoimmune diseases and complications. In the sub-cohort without autoimmune diseases, ANA + was associated with increased risk of Raynaud's syndrome (OR ≥ 2.1) and alveolar/perialveolar-related pneumopathies (OR ≥ 1.4) and decreased risk of hepatitis C, tobacco use disorders, mood disorders, convulsions, fever of unknown origin, and substance abuse disorders (OR ≤ 0.8). Analyses including only diagnoses after ANA testing yielded similar results. CONCLUSION A positive ANA test, in addition to known associations with autoimmune diseases, Raynaud's phenomenon, and idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis related disorders, is associated with decreased prevalence of several non-autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacy T Zanussi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gul Karakoc
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cecilia P Chung
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System - Nashville Campus, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy J Olsen
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - C Michael Stein
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vivian K Kawai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Ma K, Li S, Wu S, Zhu J, Yang Y. Impact of smoking exposure on human papillomavirus clearance among Chinese women: A follow-up propensity score matching study. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:42. [PMID: 36949733 PMCID: PMC10026377 DOI: 10.18332/tid/161026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking has been proven to increase the risk of cervical cancer, but it is still controversial whether smoking reduces women's ability to clear human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study investigated the association between smoking behaviors during follow-up and clearance of HPV infection in women with HPV-positive and pathologically normal uterine cervix in China, using a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. METHODS The present prospective study included data from women examined in the Gynecology Department of Shanghai General Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020. Twenty patients who smoked throughout follow-up were selected and matched with 60 patients using the 1:3 PSM method on age, marital status, and whether infected with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV). At each visit, smoking and sexual behaviors were collected. The Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to evaluate the probability of clearing HPV infection within a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS A total of 80 patients were included in the study, all of whom were infected with at least one HR-HPV type at baseline. Current smokers had a lower likelihood of clearing the HPV infection than current non-smokers, after adjusting for a history of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), HPV infection status, and sexual behaviors during follow-up (AHR=0.478; 95% CI: 0.239-0.958, p=0.037). Additionally, longer duration, higher frequency and larger doses of smoking correlated with the lower clearance possibility of HPV infection (p for trend=0.029, 0.022 and 0.026, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the use of tobacco throughout follow-up could increase the risk of a persistent HPV infection, this risk being higher for smokers with heavier tobacco consumption. Our results should alert HPV-positive women to reiterate the advice to cut-back on or stop smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangli Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sufang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingfen Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Perspectives. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121691. [PMID: 36552201 PMCID: PMC9775033 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a very prevalent and heterogeneous group of malignancies, and most of them are etiologically associated with tobacco smoking. However, viral infections have been detected in lung carcinomas, with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) being among them. The role of HR-HPVs in lung cancer has been considered to be controversial. This issue is due to the highly variable presence of this virus in lung carcinomas worldwide, and the low viral load frequently that is detected. In this review, we address the epidemiological and mechanistic findings regarding the role of HR-HPVs in lung cancer. Some mechanisms of HR-HPV-mediated lung carcinogenesis have been proposed, including (i) HPV works as an independent carcinogen in non-smoker subjects; (ii) HPV cooperates with carcinogenic compounds present in tobacco smoke; (iii) HPV promotes initial alterations being after cleared by the immune system through a "hit and run" mechanism. Additional research is warranted to clarify the role of HPV in lung cancer.
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Hashemnejad M, Mirmajidi R, Rahimzadeh M, Ataei M. The prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes and related risk factors among Iranian women. J Med Life 2022; 15:1340-1346. [PMID: 36567834 PMCID: PMC9762374 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which often includes high-risk genotype infection, is one of the leading causes of cervical cancer. This cross-sectional research included 503 Iranian women referred to the gynecology clinic of Kamali Hospital in Karaj, Iran, for routine cervical cancer screening between 2020 and 2021. Cervical specimens were collected from all participants with a special brush and transported to the laboratory for cervical cytology diagnosis. Overall HPV incidence among Iranian women was 39.96%, of which 23.06% had high-risk HPV genotypes and 9.7% had low-risk HPV types. The risk associated with HR-HPV types was considerably associated with employment and marital status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hashemnejad
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Roghieh Mirmajidi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mitra Rahimzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mina Ataei
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran,Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Mina Ataei, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran E-mail:
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Di Meglio A, Havas J, Gbenou AS, Martin E, El-Mouhebb M, Pistilli B, Menvielle G, Dumas A, Everhard S, Martin AL, Cottu PH, Lerebours F, Coutant C, Lesur A, Tredan O, Soulie P, Vanlemmens L, Joly F, Delaloge S, Ganz PA, André F, Partridge AH, Jones LW, Michiels S, Vaz-Luis I. Dynamics of Long-Term Patient-Reported Quality of Life and Health Behaviors After Adjuvant Breast Cancer Chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:3190-3204. [PMID: 35446677 PMCID: PMC9509127 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to characterize long-term quality of life (QOL) trajectories among patients with breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and to identify related patterns of health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Meglio
- Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,INSERM Unit 981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Julie Havas
- INSERM Unit 981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Arnauld S Gbenou
- INSERM Unit 981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Elise Martin
- INSERM Unit 981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Mayssam El-Mouhebb
- INSERM Unit 981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Barbara Pistilli
- INSERM Unit 981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Agnes Dumas
- Université de Paris, ECEVE UMR 1123, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Lesur
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabrice André
- Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,INSERM Unit 981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Lee W Jones
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Stefan Michiels
- Service de Biostatistique et d'Epidémiologie, Oncostat Inserm U1018, Université Paris- Saclay, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Ines Vaz-Luis
- Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,INSERM Unit 981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Gustave Roussy, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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7
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Smoking Cessation Training and Treatment: Options for Cancer Centres. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:2252-2262. [PMID: 35448157 PMCID: PMC9032722 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who achieve smoking cessation following a cancer diagnosis can experience an improvement in treatment response and lower morbidity and mortality compared to individuals who continue to smoke. It is therefore imperative for publicly funded cancer centres to provide appropriate training and education for healthcare providers (HCP) and treatment options to support smoking cessation for their patients. However, system-, practitioner-, and patient-level barriers exist that hamper the integration of evidence-based cessation programs within publicly funded cancer centres. The integration of evidence-based smoking cessation counselling and pharmacotherapy into cancer care facilities could have a significant effect on smoking cessation and cancer treatment outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to describe the elements of a learning health system for smoking cessation, implemented and scaled up in community settings that can be adapted for ambulatory cancer clinics. The core elements include appropriate workflows enabled by technology, thereby improving both practitioner and patient experience and effectively removing practitioner-level barriers to program implementation. Integrating the smoking cessation elements of this program from primary care to cancer centres could improve smoking cessation outcomes in patients attending cancer clinics.
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8
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Mao Y, Huang P, Wang Y, Wang M, Li MD, Yang Z. Genome-wide methylation and expression analyses reveal the epigenetic landscape of immune-related diseases for tobacco smoking. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:215. [PMID: 34886889 PMCID: PMC8662854 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a major causal risk factor for lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and is the main preventable cause of deaths in the world. The components of cigarette smoke are involved in immune and inflammatory processes, which may increase the prevalence of cigarette smoke-related diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking smoking and diseases have not been well explored. This study was aimed to depict a global map of DNA methylation and gene expression changes induced by tobacco smoking and to explore the molecular mechanisms between smoking and human diseases through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). RESULTS We performed WGBS on 72 samples (36 smokers and 36 nonsmokers) and RNA-seq on 75 samples (38 smokers and 37 nonsmokers), and cytokine immunoassay on plasma from 22 males (9 smokers and 13 nonsmokers) who were recruited from the city of Jincheng in China. By comparing the data of the two groups, we discovered a genome-wide methylation landscape of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with smoking. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that both smoking-related hyper-DMR genes (DMGs) and hypo-DMGs were related to synapse-related pathways, whereas the hypo-DMGs were specifically related to cancer and addiction. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed by RNA-seq analysis were significantly enriched in the "immunosuppression" pathway. Correlation analysis of DMRs with their corresponding gene expression showed that genes affected by tobacco smoking were mostly related to immune system diseases. Finally, by comparing cytokine concentrations between smokers and nonsmokers, we found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was significantly upregulated in smokers. CONCLUSIONS In sum, we found that smoking-induced DMRs have different distribution patterns in hypermethylated and hypomethylated areas between smokers and nonsmokers. We further identified and verified smoking-related DMGs and DEGs through multi-omics integration analysis of DNA methylome and transcriptome data. These findings provide us a comprehensive genomic map of the molecular changes induced by smoking which would enhance our understanding of the harms of smoking and its relationship with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maiqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming D Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Obernolte H, Niehof M, Braubach P, Fieguth HG, Jonigk D, Pfennig O, Tschernig T, Warnecke G, Braun A, Sewald K. Cigarette smoke alters inflammatory genes and the extracellular matrix - investigations on viable sections of peripheral human lungs. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 387:249-260. [PMID: 34820703 PMCID: PMC8821047 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic respiratory disorder often caused by cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke contains hundreds of toxic substances. In our study, we wanted to identify initial mechanisms of cigarette smoke induced changes in the distal lung. Viable slices of human lungs were exposed 24 h to cigarette smoke condensate, and the dose–response profile was analyzed. Non-toxic condensate concentrations and lipopolysaccharide were used for further experiments. COPD-related protein and gene expression was measured. Cigarette smoke condensate did not induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and most inflammation-associated genes. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide significantly induced IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 (proteins) and IL1B, IL6, and TNF (genes). Interestingly, cigarette smoke condensate induced metabolism- and extracellular matrix–associated proteins and genes, which were not influenced by lipopolysaccharide. Also, a significant regulation of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, as well as MMP9 and MMP9/TIMP1 ratio, was observed which resembles typical findings in COPD. In conclusion, our data show that cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide induce significant responses in human lung tissue ex vivo, giving first hints that COPD starts early in smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Obernolte
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Niehof
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Olaf Pfennig
- KRH Klinikum Siloah-Oststadt-Heidehaus, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg Saar, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Cheong HS, Chang Y, Joo EJ, Ryu S. Cigarette smoking and risk of infection-related mortality: A cohort study. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 24:204-211. [PMID: 34432023 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of death worldwide and is associated with various diseases. However, studies addressing its impact on infection-related deaths are limited. This study examined the relationship between smoking and infection-related mortality. METHODS A cohort of 583,034 South Korean adults who underwent annual or biennial health examinations were followed-up for infection-related deaths using national records. Cox proportional hazards regression assessed hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for infection-related mortality. RESULTS The median follow-up was 9.1 years (maximum 18 years), and 335 infection-related deaths were identified. Current smoking, but not former smoking, was positively associated with an increased risk of infection-related mortality. After adjusting for possible confounders, the multivariable-adjusted HRs ( 95% CIs) for infection-related mortality comparing former and current smokers with never smokers were 0.94 (0.68-1.30) and 1.45 (1.05-2.02), respectively; and those for infection-related mortality by number of pack-years comparing 10-19.9 and ≥20 pack-years to <10 pack-years were 1.26 (0.81-1.96) and 1.47 (1.03-2.09), respectively, while those comparing 10-19 and ≥20 cigarettes/day to <10 cigarettes/day were 1.35 (0.86-2.11) and 1.54 (1.13-2.11), respectively (p for trend <0.05). Individuals with ≥20 pack-years had a 2.06 times greater risk of infection-related mortality when changes in smoking status and confounders during follow-up were updated in the analysis as time-varying covariates. CONCLUSION Current smoking status, intensity and pack-years were associated with an increased risk of infection-related death, with the highest risk of infection-related mortality found consistently in individuals with ≥20 pack-years. IMPLICATIONS In this large-scale cohort study of relatively young and middle-aged South Korean adults, current smoking, smoking intensity, and pack-years were associated with an increased risk of death due to infections; in particular, a significantly increased risk of infection-related mortality was consistently found in individuals with ≥20 pack-years. When appropriate, infection-related mortality should be included in smoking-attributable mortality burdens, and effective smoking control measures should be considered to improve infection-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Suk Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Khan SR, van der Burgh AC, Peeters RP, van Hagen PM, Dalm VASH, Chaker L. Determinants of Serum Immunoglobulin Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664526. [PMID: 33897714 PMCID: PMC8058410 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An up-to-date overview of determinants of serum immunoglobulins in adults is pivotal for clinical practice and research, but currently lacking. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify determinants of serum immunoglobulin levels. Methods Embase, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to July 11th, 2019 for articles reporting on determinants of serum immunoglobulin A, G or M (IgA, IgG or IgM) in adult humans. Random and fixed effect models were applied to obtain pooled mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of age and sex with serum immunoglobulins. Results We retrieved 117 articles reporting on determinants of serum immunoglobulins, of which 28 could be meta-analyzed. Older compared to younger individuals had higher IgA (MD: 0.38; CI: 0.18 - 0.58), but lower IgM levels (MD: -0.40; 95%: -0.66 - -0.14). Men had higher IgA (MD: 0.22; CI: 0.03 - 0.42), but lower IgM levels (MD: -0.21; CI: -0.32 - -0.10) than women. Age and sex did not influence IgG. Caucasian ethnicity was associated with lower IgA, IgG, and IgM. Smoking and corticosteroid use were associated with lower IgG. Positive associations were reported of probiotics with IgG, alcohol with IgA, hypertension with IgA and IgG, and acute psychological stress with IgA, IgG, and IgM. Conclusions Older age and male sex are associated with higher IgA, but lower IgM, and urge investigation of age- and sex-specific reference ranges of immunoglobulins. Other identified determinants were ethnicity, diet, lifestyle and cardio-metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer R. Khan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna C. van der Burgh
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robin P. Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - P. Martin van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Virgil A. S. H. Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Nicotine promotes breast cancer metastasis by stimulating N2 neutrophils and generating pre-metastatic niche in lung. Nat Commun 2021; 12:474. [PMID: 33473115 PMCID: PMC7817836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking has a profound impact on tumor immunity, and nicotine, which is the major addictive component of smoke, is known to promote tumor progression despite being a non-carcinogen. In this study, we demonstrate that chronic exposure of nicotine plays a critical role in the formation of pre-metastatic niche within the lungs by recruiting pro-tumor N2-neutrophils. This pre-metastatic niche promotes the release of STAT3-activated lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a secretory glycoprotein from the N2-neutrophils, and induces mesenchymal-epithelial transition of tumor cells thereby facilitating colonization and metastatic outgrowth. Elevated levels of serum and urine LCN2 is elevated in early-stage breast cancer patients and cancer-free females with smoking history, suggesting that LCN2 serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for predicting increased risk of metastatic disease in female smoker(s). Moreover, natural compound, salidroside effectively abrogates nicotine-induced neutrophil polarization and consequently reduced lung metastasis of hormone receptor-negative breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest a pro-metastatic role of nicotine-induced N2-neutrophils for cancer cell colonization in the lungs and illuminate the therapeutic use of salidroside to enhance the anti-tumor activity of neutrophils in breast cancer patients. Smoking is known to impact tumor immunity and promote tumor progression. Here, the authors show that chronic nicotine exposure promotes the lung pre-metastatic niche formation by recruiting pro-tumor N2-neutrophils that release lipocalin-2.
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13
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Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani S, Zafari P, Masoumi E, Rajabinejad M, Jafari-Shakib R, Hasani B, Rafiei A. The role of dysregulated immune responses in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Virus Res 2020; 290:198197. [PMID: 33069815 PMCID: PMC7561578 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is a pandemic threat to global public health. It has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from mild to critical illness, the most serious of which is the complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 infection appears mild in infants and children, however, in adults, it can lead to serious consequences. In this review, we highlighted the differences between the immune responses of the lung in children and adults, immune dysregulation and their possible role in clinical manifestations in COVID-19. There is a reduction in population of immunocompetent cells during aging and subsequently induced ineffective inflammation in the faces of some infections. Dysregulation in the immune system can lead to an unappropriated local and systemic immune responses and subsequently the rapid spread of the virus, leading to severe COVID-19 disease. Therefore, recognizing the differences in the immune responses of various hosts as well as to improve the immune system disorder should always be part of research and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - P Zafari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - E Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - M Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - R Jafari-Shakib
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - B Hasani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - A Rafiei
- Department of Immunology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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14
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Wu YJ, Hou M, Liu HX, Peng J, Ma LM, Yang LH, Feng R, Liu H, Liu Y, Feng J, Zhang HY, Zhou ZP, Wang WS, Shen XL, Zhao P, Fu HX, Zeng QZ, Wang XL, Huang QS, He Y, Jiang Q, Jiang H, Lu J, Zhao XY, Zhao XS, Chang YJ, Xu LP, Li YY, Wang QF, Zhang XH. A risk score for predicting hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia in ITP using nationally representative data. Blood Adv 2020; 4:5846-5857. [PMID: 33232474 PMCID: PMC7686895 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is one of the primary causes of death from immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and the lungs are the most common site of infection. We identified the factors associated with hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in nonsplenectomized adults with ITP and established the [corrected] (ACPA) prediction model to predict the incidence of hospitalization for CAP. This was a retrospective study of nonsplenectomized adult patients with ITP from 10 large medical centers in China. The derivation cohort included 145 ITP inpatients with CAP and 1360 inpatients without CAP from 5 medical centers, and the validation cohort included the remaining 63 ITP inpatients with CAP and 526 inpatients without CAP from the other 5 centers. The 4-item ACPA model, which included age, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, initial platelet count, and initial absolute lymphocyte count, was established by multivariable analysis of the derivation cohort. Internal and external validation were conducted to assess the performance of the model. The ACPA model had an area under the curve of 0.853 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.818-0.889) in the derivation cohort and 0.862 (95% CI, 0.807-0.916) in the validation cohort, which indicated the good discrimination power of the model. Calibration plots showed high agreement between the estimated and observed probabilities. Decision curve analysis indicated that ITP patients could benefit from the clinical application of the ACPA model. To summarize, the ACPA model was developed and validated to predict the occurrence of hospitalization for CAP, which might help identify ITP patients with a high risk of hospitalization for CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jun Wu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang-Ming Ma
- Affiliated Shanxi Big Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin-Hua Yang
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ru Feng
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ze-Ping Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Liang Shen
- Department of Hematology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Xia Fu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Zhu Zeng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Lin Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Sha Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yun He
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Lu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Su Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Ying Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Fei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China; and
- Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
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15
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Aguayo F, Muñoz JP, Perez-Dominguez F, Carrillo-Beltrán D, Oliva C, Calaf GM, Blanco R, Nuñez-Acurio D. High-Risk Human Papillomavirus and Tobacco Smoke Interactions in Epithelial Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2201. [PMID: 32781676 PMCID: PMC7465661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical, anogenital, and some head and neck cancers (HNC) are etiologically associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection, even though additional cofactors are necessary. Epidemiological studies have established that tobacco smoke (TS) is a cofactor for cervical carcinogenesis because women who smoke are more susceptible to cervical cancer when compared to non-smokers. Even though such a relationship has not been established in HPV-related HNC, a group of HPV positive patients with this malignancy are smokers. TS is a complex mixture of more than 4500 chemical compounds and approximately 60 of them show oncogenic properties such as benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) and nitrosamines, among others. Some of these compounds have been evaluated for carcinogenesis through experimental settings in collaboration with HR-HPV. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review of the suggested molecular mechanisms involved in cooperation with both HR-HPV and TS for epithelial carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we propose interaction models in which TS collaborates with HR-HPV to promote epithelial cancer initiation, promotion, and progression. More studies are warranted to clarify interactions between oncogenic viruses and chemical or physical environmental factors for epithelial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Aguayo
- Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Juan P. Muñoz
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (J.P.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Francisco Perez-Dominguez
- Laboratorio Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (F.P.-D.); (D.C.-B.); (C.O.); (R.B.); (D.N.-A.)
| | - Diego Carrillo-Beltrán
- Laboratorio Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (F.P.-D.); (D.C.-B.); (C.O.); (R.B.); (D.N.-A.)
| | - Carolina Oliva
- Laboratorio Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (F.P.-D.); (D.C.-B.); (C.O.); (R.B.); (D.N.-A.)
| | - Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (J.P.M.); (G.M.C.)
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rances Blanco
- Laboratorio Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (F.P.-D.); (D.C.-B.); (C.O.); (R.B.); (D.N.-A.)
| | - Daniela Nuñez-Acurio
- Laboratorio Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (F.P.-D.); (D.C.-B.); (C.O.); (R.B.); (D.N.-A.)
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16
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Osborne AJ, Pearson JF, Noble AJ, Gemmell NJ, Horwood LJ, Boden JM, Benton MC, Macartney-Coxson DP, Kennedy MA. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of heavy cannabis exposure in a New Zealand longitudinal cohort. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:114. [PMID: 32321915 PMCID: PMC7176736 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use is of increasing public health interest globally. Here we examined the effect of heavy cannabis use, with and without tobacco, on genome-wide DNA methylation in a longitudinal birth cohort (Christchurch Health and Development Study, CHDS). A total of 48 heavy cannabis users were selected from the CHDS cohort, on the basis of their adult exposure to cannabis and tobacco, and DNA methylation assessed from whole blood samples, collected at approximately age 28. Methylation in heavy cannabis users was assessed, relative to non-users (n = 48 controls) via the Illumina Infinium® MethylationEPIC BeadChip. We found the most differentially methylated sites in cannabis with tobacco users were in the AHRR and F2RL3 genes, replicating previous studies on the effects of tobacco. Cannabis-only users had no evidence of differential methylation in these genes, or at any other loci at the epigenome-wide significance level (P < 10-7). However, there were 521 sites differentially methylated at P < 0.001 which were enriched for genes involved in neuronal signalling (glutamatergic synapse and long-term potentiation) and cardiomyopathy. Further, the most differentially methylated loci were associated with genes with reported roles in brain function (e.g. TMEM190, MUC3L, CDC20 and SP9). We conclude that the effects of cannabis use on the mature human blood methylome differ from, and are less pronounced than, the effects of tobacco use, and that larger sample sizes are required to investigate this further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Osborne
- grid.21006.350000 0001 2179 4063School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
| | - John F. Pearson
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011 New Zealand
| | - Alexandra J. Noble
- grid.21006.350000 0001 2179 4063School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041 New Zealand
| | - Neil J. Gemmell
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - L. John Horwood
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011 New Zealand
| | - Joseph M. Boden
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011 New Zealand
| | - Miles C. Benton
- grid.419706.d0000 0001 2234 622XHuman Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Kenepuru Science Centre, Porirua, 5240 New Zealand
| | - Donia P. Macartney-Coxson
- grid.419706.d0000 0001 2234 622XHuman Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Kenepuru Science Centre, Porirua, 5240 New Zealand
| | - Martin A. Kennedy
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, 8011 New Zealand
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17
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Jung YS, Park JH, Park DI, Sohn CI, Lee JM, Kim TI. Impact of Smoking on Human Natural Killer Cell Activity: A Large Cohort Study. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:13-20. [PMID: 32266175 PMCID: PMC7113411 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Some studies have reported a decrease in the natural killer (NK) cell activity in smokers. However, large-scale data on the relationship between NK cell activity and smoking are unavailable. A cross-sectional study was performed on 12,249 asymptomatic examinees who underwent an NK cell activity test, between January 2016 and May 2017. The test quantitated the amount of interferon-γ secreted into the plasma by NK cells, using a patented stimulatory cytokine. The mean age of the study population was 39.1 years, and the proportions of “never”, “former”, and “current” smokers were 65.5%, 20.9%, and 13.6%, respectively. Current smokers (1,422 pg/mL) had a lower median level of NK cell activity than never smokers (1,504 pg/mL, P = 0.039) and former smokers (1,791 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Among current smokers, NK cell activity decreased with increase in the number of cigarettes smoked among current smokers (median, 1,537, 1,429, and 1,175 pg/mL at <10, 10-19, and ≥ 20 pack-years, respectively; P < 0.001). Additionally, it decreased linearly with increasing quartiles of cotinine levels (median, 1,707, 1,636, 1,348, and 1,292 pg/mL at cotinine levels < 292, 292-879, 880-1,509, and ≥ 1,510 ng/mL, respectively; r = –0.122, P < 0.001). NK cell activity was lower in current smokers. It also decreased with an increase in the number of cigarettes smoked, and it was negatively correlated with cotinine levels among current smokers. Our findings indicate a clear relationship between smoking and decreased NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Suk Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Il Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Il Sohn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Myun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases and Brain Korea 1 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei Cancer Prevention Center, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Roden DF, Hobelmann K, Vimawala S, Richa T, Fundakowski CE, Goldman R, Luginbuhl A, Curry JM, Cognetti DM. Evaluating the impact of smoking on disease‐specific survival outcomes in patients with human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal cancer treated with transoral robotic surgery. Cancer 2020; 126:1873-1887. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan F. Roden
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers University Newark New Jersey
| | - Kealan Hobelmann
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Swar Vimawala
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Tony Richa
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher E. Fundakowski
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Goldman
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph M. Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - David M. Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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19
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Baskaran V, Murray RL, Hunter A, Lim WS, McKeever TM. Effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing community acquired pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220204. [PMID: 31318967 PMCID: PMC6638981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To summarise and quantify the effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults. METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Web of Science, from inception to October 2017, to identify case-control and cohort studies and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. The review protocol was registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42018093943). Study quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Of 647 studies identified, 27 studies were included (n = 460,592 participants) in the systematic review. Most of the included studies were of moderate quality with a median score of six (IQR 6-7). Meta-analysis showed that current smokers (pooled OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.70-2.76, n = 13 studies; pooled HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.13-2.04, n = 7 studies) and ex-smokers (pooled OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.26-1.75, n = 8 studies; pooled HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.91-1.52, n = 6 studies) were more likely to develop CAP compared to never smokers. Although the association between passive smoking and risk of CAP in adults of all ages was not statistically significant (pooled OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.94-1.36, n = 5 studies), passive smoking in adults aged ≥65 years was associated with a 64% increased risk of CAP (pooled OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.17-2.30, n = 2 studies). Dose-response analyses of data from five studies revealed a significant trend; current smokers who smoked higher amount of tobacco had a higher risk of CAP. CONCLUSION Tobacco smoke exposure is significantly associated with the development of CAP in current smokers and ex-smokers. Adults aged > 65 years who are passive smokers are also at higher risk of CAP. For current smokers, a significant dose-response relationship is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadsala Baskaran
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael L. Murray
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abby Hunter
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Shen Lim
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tricia M. McKeever
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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20
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Antiga E, Maglie R, Quintarelli L, Verdelli A, Bonciani D, Bonciolini V, Caproni M. Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Novel Perspectives. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1290. [PMID: 31244841 PMCID: PMC6579917 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an inflammatory disease of the skin, considered the specific cutaneous manifestation of celiac disease (CD). Both DH and CD occur in gluten-sensitive individuals, share the same Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) haplotypes (DQ2 and DQ8), and improve following the administration of a gluten-free diet. Moreover, almost all DH patients show typical CD alterations at the small bowel biopsy, ranging from villous atrophy to augmented presence of intraepithelial lymphocytes, as well as the generation of circulating autoantibodies against tissue transglutaminase (tTG). Clinically, DH presents with polymorphic lesions, including papules, vesicles, and small blisters, symmetrically distributed in typical anatomical sites including the extensor aspects of the limbs, the elbows, the sacral regions, and the buttocks. Intense pruritus is almost the rule. However, many atypical presentations of DH have also been reported. Moreover, recent evidence suggested that DH is changing. Firstly, some studies reported a reduced incidence of DH, probably due to early recognition of CD, so that there is not enough time for DH to develop. Moreover, data from Japanese literature highlighted the absence of intestinal involvement as well as of the typical serological markers of CD (i.e., anti-tTG antibodies) in Japanese patients with DH. Similar cases may also occur in Caucasian patients, complicating DH diagnosis. The latter relies on the combination of clinical, histopathologic, and immunopathologic findings. Detecting granular IgA deposits at the dermal-epidermal junction by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) from perilesional skin represents the most specific diagnostic tool. Further, assessing serum titers of autoantibodies against epidermal transglutaminase (eTG), the supposed autoantigen of DH, may also serve as a clue for the diagnosis. However, a study from our group has recently demonstrated that granular IgA deposits may also occur in celiac patients with non-DH inflammatory skin diseases, raising questions about the effective role of eTG IgA autoantibodies in DH and suggesting the need of revising diagnostic criteria, conceivably emphasizing clinical aspects of the disease along with DIF. DH usually responds to the gluten-free diet. Topical clobetasol ointment or dapsone may be also applied to favor rapid disease control. Our review will focus on novel pathogenic insights, controversies, and management aspects of DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Antiga
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Maglie
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lavinia Quintarelli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Verdelli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Diletta Bonciani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Veronica Bonciolini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marzia Caproni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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21
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Sugawara Y, Tsuji I, Mizoue T, Inoue M, Sawada N, Matsuo K, Ito H, Naito M, Nagata C, Kitamura Y, Sadakane A, Tanaka K, Tamakoshi A, Tsugane S, Shimazu T. Cigarette smoking and cervical cancer risk: an evaluation based on a systematic review and meta-analysis among Japanese women. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2019; 49:77-86. [PMID: 30407555 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyy158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a body of evidence to suggest that cigarette smoking increases the risk of cervical cancer in women, but no study has examined the magnitude of the association in Japanese women. Here, we evaluated the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of cervical cancer in Japanese women based on a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. Methods Original data were obtained from a MEDLINE search using PubMed or from a search of the 'Ichushi' database, as well as by a manual search. Evaluation of associations was based on the strength of evidence and the magnitude of association, together with biological plausibility as evaluated previously by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Meta-analysis of associations was also conducted to obtain a summarized overview of the data. Results We identified two cohort studies and three case-control studies. All five studies had indicated strong positive associations between cigarette smoking and the risk of cervical cancer. Our summary estimate indicated that the relative risk (RR) for individuals who had ever-smoked relative to never-smokers was 2.03 (95% confidence interval: 1.49-2.57). Four studies had also demonstrated dose-response relationships between cigarette smoking and the risk of cervical cancer. Conclusion We conclude that there is convincing evidence that cigarette smoking increases the risk of cervical cancer among Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sugawara
- Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Sendai, Japan
| | - I Tsuji
- Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - H Ito
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Naito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - C Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Y Kitamura
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - A Sadakane
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - A Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - S Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Eduardo CRC, Alejandra TIG, Guadalupe DRKJ, Herminia VRG, Lenin P, Enrique BV, Evandro BM, Oscar B, Iván GPM. Modulation of the extraneuronal cholinergic system on main innate response leukocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 327:22-35. [PMID: 30683425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The expression of elements of the cholinergic system has been demonstrated in non-neuronal cells, such as immune cells, where acetylcholine modulates innate and adaptive responses. However, the study of the non-neuronal cholinergic system has focused on lymphocyte cholinergic mechanisms, with less attention to its role of innate cells. Considering this background, the aims of this review are 1) to review information regarding the cholinergic components of innate immune system cells; 2) to discuss the effect of cholinergic stimuli on cell functions; 3) and to describe the importance of cholinergic stimuli on host immunocompetence, in order to set the base for the design of intervention strategies in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Covantes-Rosales Carlos Eduardo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Toledo-Ibarra Gladys Alejandra
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Díaz-Resendiz Karina Janice Guadalupe
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Ventura-Ramón Guadalupe Herminia
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Pavón Lenin
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - Becerril-Villanueva Enrique
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 México City, DF, Mexico
| | - Bauer Moisés Evandro
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas, Laboratório de Imunologia do Envelhecimento, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bottaso Oscar
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNR-CONICET), Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Girón-Pérez Manuel Iván
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Boulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/n, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico; Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C. Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit, Calle Tres s/n. Cd Industrial, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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23
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Tobacco use results in inferior outcomes after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Strzelak A, Ratajczak A, Adamiec A, Feleszko W. Tobacco Smoke Induces and Alters Immune Responses in the Lung Triggering Inflammation, Allergy, Asthma and Other Lung Diseases: A Mechanistic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1033. [PMID: 29883409 PMCID: PMC5982072 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been undertaken to reveal how tobacco smoke skews immune responses contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other lung diseases. Recently, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked with asthma and allergic diseases in children. This review presents the most actual knowledge on exact molecular mechanisms responsible for the skewed inflammatory profile that aggravates inflammation, promotes infections, induces tissue damage, and may promote the development of allergy in individuals exposed to ETS. We demonstrate how the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke leads to oxidative stress, increased mucosal inflammation, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α ([TNF]-α). Direct cellular effects of ETS on epithelial cells results in increased permeability, mucus overproduction, impaired mucociliary clearance, increased release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, enhanced recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils and disturbed lymphocyte balance towards Th2. The plethora of presented phenomena fully justifies a restrictive policy aiming at limiting the domestic and public exposure to ETS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Strzelak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Ratajczak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Adamiec
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
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25
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Kim M, Kim M, Yoo HJ, Lee JH. Natural Killer Cell Activity and Interleukin-12 in Metabolically Healthy versus Metabolically Unhealthy Overweight Individuals. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1700. [PMID: 29238351 PMCID: PMC5712537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the immune system is involved in the different metabolic circumstances in healthy and unhealthy overweight individuals. We examined the metabolic and immune characteristics of 117 overweight individuals. Subjects were classified as metabolically healthy overweight (MHO, n = 72) or metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUO, n = 45). The immune response was measured by circulating levels of natural killer (NK) cell activity and cytokines. Both groups were comparable with regards to age, sex distribution, smoking and drinking status, and body mass index. When compared to the MHO group, the MUO group showed higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum levels of triglyceride, glucose, glucose-related markers, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol. Compared to the MHO group, the MUO group showed 39% lower interferon-γ levels (not significant) and 41% lower interleukin (IL)-12 levels (significant). The MUO group also showed lower NK cell activity at E:T ratios of 10:1, 5:1, 2.5:1, and 1.25:1 (all Ps < 0.05) than the MHO group. This study indicates that individuals displaying the MUO phenotype present an unfavorable immune system with lower NK cell activities under all assay conditions and lower serum levels of IL-12 than the activities and levels in similarly overweight MHO individuals. This result suggests that the immune system may be altered in overweight individuals who are at risk for overweight/obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjoo Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Atopic dermatitis is associated with active and passive cigarette smoking in adolescents. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187453. [PMID: 29091936 PMCID: PMC5665603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The relationship between passive smoking and atopic dermatitis has previously been reported, but few studies have simultaneously evaluated the association of atopic dermatitis with active and passive smoking. Methods The relationships between atopic dermatitis and active and passive smoking were evaluated in Korean adolescents. We used a large, representative, population-based survey (The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey) conducted in 2011 and 2012. Active smoking was classified into 3 groups (0 days, 1–19 days, and ≥ 20 days/month). Passive smoking was categorized into 3 groups (0 days, 1–4 days, and ≥ 5 days/week). Atopic dermatitis diagnosed by a medical doctor either during the past 1 month or during the participant’s lifetime was surveyed. Age, sex, obesity status, region of residence, economic level, and parental educational level of the participants were adjusted as confounders. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis with complex sampling. Results A total of 6.8% (10,020/135,682) of the participants reported atopic dermatitis during the last 12 months. Active smoking was significantly associated with atopic dermatitis (previous 12 months) (AOR [95% CI] of smoking ≥ 20 days/month = 1.18 [1.07–1.29]; 1–19 days/month = 1.11 [0.99–1.23], P = 0.002). Passive smoking was also related to atopic dermatitis (previous 12 months) (AOR [95% CI] of smoking ≥ 5 days/week = 1.12 [1.05–1.20]; 1–4 days/week = 1.08 [1.03–1.13], P < 0.001). Conclusion Atopic dermatitis was significantly associated with active and passive smoking in Korean adolescents.
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27
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Clapp PW, Pawlak EA, Lackey JT, Keating JE, Reeber SL, Glish GL, Jaspers I. Flavored e-cigarette liquids and cinnamaldehyde impair respiratory innate immune cell function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L278-L292. [PMID: 28495856 PMCID: PMC5582929 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00452.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells of the respiratory tract are the first line of defense against pathogenic and environmental insults. Failure of these cells to perform their immune functions leaves the host susceptible to infection and may contribute to impaired resolution of inflammation. While combustible tobacco cigarettes have been shown to suppress respiratory immune cell function, the effects of flavored electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids) and individual flavoring agents on respiratory immune cell responses are unknown. We investigated the effects of seven flavored nicotine-free e-liquids on primary human alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells. Cells were challenged with a range of e-liquid dilutions and assayed for their functional responses to pathogenic stimuli. End points included phagocytic capacity (neutrophils and macrophages), neutrophil extracellular trap formation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and cell-mediated cytotoxic response (NK cells). E-liquids were then analyzed via mass spectrometry to identify individual flavoring components. Three cinnamaldehyde-containing e-liquids exhibited dose-dependent broadly immunosuppressive effects. Quantitative mass spectrometry was used to determine concentrations of cinnamaldehyde in each of the three e-liquids, and cells were subsequently challenged with a range of cinnamaldehyde concentrations. Cinnamaldehyde alone recapitulated the impaired function observed with e-liquid exposures, and cinnamaldehyde-induced suppression of macrophage phagocytosis was reversed by addition of the small-molecule reducing agent 1,4-dithiothreitol. We conclude that cinnamaldehyde has the potential to impair respiratory immune cell function, illustrating an immediate need for further toxicological evaluation of chemical flavoring agents to inform regulation governing their use in e-liquid formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip W Clapp
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Erica A Pawlak
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Justin T Lackey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James E Keating
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Steven L Reeber
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gary L Glish
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
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Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss the manner through which the immune system regulates the cardiovascular system in health and disease. We define the cardiovascular system and elements of atherosclerotic disease, the main focus in this chapter. Herein we elaborate on the disease process that can result in myocardial infarction (heart attack), ischaemic stroke and peripheral arterial disease. We have discussed broadly the homeostatic mechanisms in place that help autoregulate the cardiovascular system including the vital role of cholesterol and lipid clearance as well as the role lipid homeostasis plays in cardiovascular disease in the context of atherosclerosis. We then elaborate on the role played by the immune system in this setting, namely, major players from the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as discussing in greater detail specifically the role played by monocytes and macrophages.This chapter should represent an overview of the role played by the immune system in cardiovascular homeostasis; however further reading of the references cited can expand the reader's knowledge of the detail, and we point readers to many excellent reviews which summarise individual immune systems and their role in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shamim Rahman
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Woollard
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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29
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Abstract
The human immune system is highly variable between individuals but relatively stable over time within a given person. Recent conceptual and technological advances have enabled systems immunology analyses, which reveal the composition of immune cells and proteins in populations of healthy individuals. The range of variation and some specific influences that shape an individual's immune system is now becoming clearer. Human immune systems vary as a consequence of heritable and non-heritable influences, but symbiotic and pathogenic microbes and other non-heritable influences explain most of this variation. Understanding when and how such influences shape the human immune system is key for defining metrics of immunological health and understanding the risk of immune-mediated and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17165, Sweden.,Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine.,Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94304, USA
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30
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Pudło K, Błotniak A, Skoczylas T, Dąbrowski A, Szawłowski A, Kozłowski M, Lampe P, Wallner G. The Influence of Patient-related Constutional and Environmental Factors on Early Results of a Combined Modality Therapy of Esophageal Cancer. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2016; 88:254-263. [PMID: 27811353 DOI: 10.1515/pjs-2016-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Among many various factors affecting the outcome of cancer treatment one can distinguish patient, tumor- and treatment-related factors. The association of patient-related factors and results of a combined modality therapy of esophageal cancer has not been extensively explored. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of patient-related constitutional and environmental factors on early results of combined modality therapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data of 84 patients with esophageal cancer randomly assigned to a combined modality treatment. We evaluated the relationship between early outcome of neoadjuvant therapy (overall toxic events, serious toxic events, treatment-related mortality, clinical and pathological response to the treatment) or surgical treatment (postoperative morbidity, mortality and curative resections - R0) and constitutional (age, gender, height, body mass index, Karnofski Performance Status - KPS, blood type) or environmental (inhabitation, smoking duration and intensity, frequency and amount of alcohol consumption and occupational exposure) patient-related factors. RESULTS Significantly more neoadjuvant therapy related deaths were found in patients with KPS 70-80 (p=0.0016). Interestingly, significantly more toxic events (p=0.0034) after neoadjuvant therapy and a higher postoperative morbidity rate (p=0.0293) were observed in nonsmokers. Similarly, significantly more toxic events (p=0.0029) after neoadjuvant therapy and a higher postoperative mortality rate (p=0.0405) were found in light drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Smoking and consumption of excessive amount of alcohol may attenuate toxic effect of neoadiuvant and surgical therapy in patients treated due to esophageal cancer. The information regarding the mentioned above addictions should not result in giving up an attempt to provide a curative treatment.
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Kürüm E, Hughes J, Li R. A semivarying joint model for longitudinal binary and continuous outcomes. CAN J STAT 2016; 44:44-57. [PMID: 27667895 DOI: 10.1002/cjs.11273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Semivarying models extend varying coefficient models by allowing some regression coefficients to be constant with respect to the underlying covariate(s). In this paper we develop a semivarying joint modelling framework for estimating the time-varying association between two intensively measured longitudinal response: a continuous one and a binary one. To overcome the major challenge of jointly modelling these responses, namely, the lack of a natural multivariate distribution, we introduce a Gaussian latent variable underlying the binary response. Then we decompose the model into two components: a marginal model for the continuous response, and a conditional model for the binary response given the continuous response. We develop a two-stage estimation procedure and discuss the asymptotic normality of the resulting estimators. We assess the finite-sample performance of our procedure using a simulation study, and we illustrate our method by analyzing binary and continuous responses from the Women's Interagency HIV Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kürüm
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - John Hughes
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Statistics and The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-2111, USA
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Andersson A, Malmhäll C, Houltz B, Tengvall S, Sjöstrand M, Qvarfordt I, Lindén A, Bossios A. Interleukin-16-producing NK cells and T-cells in the blood of tobacco smokers with and without COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:2245-2258. [PMID: 27695312 PMCID: PMC5029848 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term exposure to tobacco smoke causes local inflammation in the airways that involves not only innate immune cells, including NK cells, but also adaptive immune cells such as cytotoxic (CD8+) and helper (CD4+) T-cells. We have previously demonstrated that long-term tobacco smoking increases extracellular concentration of the CD4+-recruiting cytokine interleukin (IL)-16 locally in the airways. Here, we hypothesized that tobacco smoking alters IL-16 biology at the systemic level and that this effect involves oxygen free radicals (OFR). Methods We quantified extracellular IL-16 protein (ELISA) and intracellular IL-16 in NK cells, T-cells, B-cells, and monocytes (flow cytometry) in blood samples from long-term tobacco smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in never-smokers. NK cells from healthy blood donors were stimulated with water-soluble tobacco smoke components (cigarette smoke extract) with or without an OFR scavenger (glutathione) in vitro and followed by quantification of IL-16 protein. Results The extracellular concentrations of IL-16 protein in blood did not display any substantial differences between groups. Notably, intracellular IL-16 protein was detected in all types of blood leukocytes. All long-term smokers displayed a decrease in this IL-16 among NK cells, irrespective of COPD status. Further, both NK and CD4+ T-cell concentrations displayed a negative correlation with pack-years. Moreover, cigarette smoke extract caused release of IL-16 protein from NK cells in vitro, and this was not affected by glutathione, in contrast to the decrease in intracellular IL-16, which was prevented by this drug. Conclusion Long-term exposure to tobacco smoke does not markedly alter extracellular concentrations of IL-16 protein in blood. However, it does decrease the intracellular IL-16 concentrations in blood NK cells, the latter effect involving OFR. Thus, long-term tobacco smoking exerts an impact at the systemic level that involves NK cells; innate immune cells that are critical for host defense against viruses and tumors – conditions that are overrepresented among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Andersson
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Malmhäll
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Houltz
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Tengvall
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sjöstrand
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Qvarfordt
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lindén
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Krefting Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cao W, Liu Z, Gokavarapu S, Chen Y, Yang R, Ji T. Reformed smokers have survival benefits after head and neck cancer. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 54:818-25. [PMID: 27364312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Smoking tobacco is the main risk factor for head and neck cancer, is proportional to the number of pack years (number of packs smoked/day x number of years of smoking), and is reduced when the patient stops smoking. Current molecular evidence has suggested that tobacco-related cancers could be clinically more aggressive than cancers in non-smokers, particularly in the head and neck. However, clinical studies have not uniformly reproduced the relation between survival and tobacco, possibly because they ignore the health benefit that reformed smokers obtain during the period between giving up smoking and the diagnosis of cancer, which is not shared by those who continue to smoke and develop cancer. We have investigated the survival of reformed smokers, non-smokers, and continuing smokers after a diagnosis of head and neck cancer. The data of patients with head and neck cancer from 1992 -2013 from the Cancer Genome Atlas database were analysed using a multivariate Cox's regression model for survival, and Kaplan-Meier curves were produced for smoking history. A total of 521 patients were treated for head and neck cancer, and there was a significant difference in survival between reformed and non-smokers on the one hand, and current smokers on the other (p=0.02). The significance increased when reformed smokers were grouped according to their duration of abstinence and time of diagnosis of cancer (>15 and ≤15 years, p<0.01). Smoking history was a significant prognostic factor in the multivariate Cox's regression model when analysed with age, stage, grade, and site. We conclude that reformed smokers have a survival benefit in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial- Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Stomatology key laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China.
| | - Zheqi Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial- Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Stomatology key laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China.
| | - Sandhya Gokavarapu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial- Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Stomatology key laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China.
| | - YiMing Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial- Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Stomatology key laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China.
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial- Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Stomatology key laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China.
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial- Head and Neck Surgery.
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35
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Nieh S, Jao SW, Yang CY, Lin YS, Tseng YH, Liu CL, Lee TY, Liu TY, Chu YH, Chen SF. Regulation of tumor progression via the Snail-RKIP signaling pathway by nicotine exposure in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2015; 37:1712-21. [PMID: 24986226 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that long-term exposure of the carcinogen 4-methylnitrosamino-1-3-pyridyl-1-butanone (NNK) found in tobacco smoke is involved in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The underlying nicotine-mediated mechanism remains unclear. METHODS An analysis of SCC-25 and Fadu cells with or without NNK exposure focusing on the evaluation of migration and invasion abilities, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, drug-resistance-related genes, properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and anti-apoptosis was performed. RESULTS Long-term NNK exposure enhances migration and invasion with morphological alterations in a dose-dependently manner. Furthermore, NNK exposure also upregulates Snail, promotes sphere-forming ability, and overexpresses aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), Nanog, OCT4, ABCG2, and MDR1. CONCLUSION The current study confirmed that long-term NNK exposure plays a role in HNSCC by increasing anti-apoptosis and therapeutic resistance via the Snail-RKIP signaling pathway. Our data also suggest that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) inhibition or targeting Snail may provide a feasible rationale for preventing the progression of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nieh
- Department and Graduate School of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Jao
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, National Defense Medical Center & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yuh Yang
- Department of Dentistry, Cheng Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaoh-Shiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical Center & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Tseng
- Department and Graduate School of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Liu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yu Lee
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, National Defense Medical Center & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yun Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueng-Hsiang Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical Center & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Feng Chen
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Fu TCJ, Fu Xi L, Hulbert A, Hughes JP, Feng Q, Schwartz SM, Hawes SE, Koutsky LA, Winer RL. Short-term natural history of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in mid-adult women sampled monthly. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2432-42. [PMID: 25976733 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing short-term HPV detection patterns and viral load may inform HPV natural history in mid-adult women. From 2011-2012, we recruited women aged 30-50 years. Women submitted monthly self-collected vaginal samples for high-risk HPV DNA testing for 6 months. Positive samples were tested for type-specific HPV DNA load by real-time PCR. HPV type-adjusted linear and Poisson regression assessed factors associated with (i) viral load at initial HPV detection and (ii) repeat type-specific HPV detection. One-hundred thirty-nine women (36% of 387 women with ≥4 samples) contributed 243 type-specific HR HPV infections during the study; 54% of infections were prevalent and 46% were incident. Incident (vs. prevalent) detection and past pregnancy were associated with lower viral load, whereas current smoking was associated with higher viral load. In multivariate analysis, current smoking was associated with a 40% (95% CI: 5-87%) increase in the proportion of samples that were repeatedly positive for the same HPV type, whereas incident (vs. prevalent) detection status and past pregnancy were each associated with a reduction in the proportion of samples repeatedly positive (55%, 95% CI: 38-67% and 26%, 95% CI: 10-39%, respectively). In a separate multivariate model, each log10 increase in viral load was associated with a 10% (95% CI: 4-16%) increase in the proportion of samples repeatedly positive. Factors associated with repeat HPV detection were similar to those observed in longer-term studies, suggesting that short-term repeat detection may relate to long-term persistence. The negative associations between incident HPV detection and both viral load and repeat detection suggest that reactivation or intermittent persistence was more common than new acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Long Fu Xi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - James P Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Qinghua Feng
- FIDALAB, Seattle, WA.,Universidad Estatal De Milagro, Milagro, Ecuador
| | - Stephen M Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephen E Hawes
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Laura A Koutsky
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rachel L Winer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Bettin CC, Gower K, McCormick K, Wan JY, Ishikawa SN, Richardson DR, Murphy GA. Cigarette smoking increases complication rate in forefoot surgery. Foot Ankle Int 2015; 36:488-93. [PMID: 25583954 DOI: 10.1177/1071100714565785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is known to increase perioperative complication rates, but no study to date has examined its effect specifically in forefoot surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoking increased complications after forefoot surgery. METHODS The records of 602 patients who had forefoot surgery between 2008 and 2010, and for whom smoking status was known, were reviewed. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on smoking status: active smoker, smoker in the past, or nonsmoker. Medical records were reviewed for occurrence of complications, including nonunion, delayed union, delayed wound healing, infection, and persistent pain. RESULTS Active smokers were found to have a notably higher complication rate (36.4%) after forefoot surgery than patients who previously (16.5%) or never (8.5%) smoked. Patients who continued to smoke in the perioperative period had the highest percentage of delayed union (3.0%), infection (9.1%), delayed wound healing (10.6%), and persistent pain (15.2%). Active cigarette smokers were 4.3 times more likely to have a complication than nonsmokers. Patients who smoked at any point in the past but quit prior to surgery were 1.9 times more likely than nonsmokers to incur a complication. The average time of smoking cessation for patients who had smoked at any point in the past but had quit prior to surgery was 17 years. For active smokers, those with a complication smoked an average of 18 cigarettes daily, while those without a complication smoked 14 cigarettes daily. CONCLUSIONS Before forefoot surgery, surgeons should educate patients who smoke about their increased risk of complications and encourage smoking cessation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton C Bettin
- University of Tennessee-Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kellen Gower
- University of Tennessee-Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Jim Y Wan
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Susan N Ishikawa
- University of Tennessee-Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David R Richardson
- University of Tennessee-Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - G Andrew Murphy
- University of Tennessee-Campbell Clinic Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, Memphis, TN, USA
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Steinberger E, Kollmeier M, McBride S, Novak C, Pei X, Zelefsky MJ. Cigarette smoking during external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality and treatment-related toxicity. BJU Int 2015; 116:596-603. [PMID: 25345838 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a history of smoking or smoking during therapy after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for clinically localised prostate cancer is associated with increased treatment-related toxicity or disease progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of 2358 patients receiving EBRT for prostate cancer between 1988 and 2005, 2156 had chart-recorded smoking histories. Patients were classified as 'never smokers', 'current smokers', 'former smokers', and 'current smoking unknown'. Variables considered included quantity of tobacco use in pack-years, duration of smoking, and, for former smokers, how long before initiation of RT the patient quit smoking, when available. The median EBRT dose was 8100 Gy and the median follow-up was 95 months. Toxicity was graded according to the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. RESULTS Current smoking significantly increased the risks of both prostate-specific antigen relapse [hazard ratio (HR) 1.4, P = 0.02] and distant metastases (HR 2.37, P < 0.001), as well as prostate cancer-specific death (HR 2.25, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that smoking was also associated with increased risk of EBRT-related genitourinary toxicities (current smoker, HR 1.8, P = 0.02; former smoker, HR 1.45, P = 0.01). Smoking did not increase gastrointestinal toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Current smokers with prostate cancer are at increased risk of biochemical recurrence, distant metastasis, and prostate cancer-related mortality after definitive RT to the prostate. Current and former smokers, regardless of duration and quantity of exposure, are at an increased risk of long-term genitourinary toxicity after EBRT. Oncologists should encourage patients to participate in smoking-cessation programmes before therapy to potentially lower their risk of relapsing disease and post-treatment toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Steinberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marisa Kollmeier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Novak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Pei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Zelefsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Smoking and rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22279-95. [PMID: 25479074 PMCID: PMC4284707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Smoking has been implicated as one of the most important extrinsic risk factors for its development and severity. Recent developments have shed light on the pathophysiology of RA in smokers, including oxidative stress, inflammation, autoantibody formation and epigenetic changes. The association of smoking and the development of RA have been demonstrated through epidemiologic studies, as well as through in vivo and animal models of RA. With increased use of biological agents in addition to standard disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), there has been interest in how smoking affects drug response in RA treatment. Recent evidence suggests the response and drug survival in people treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy is poorer in heavy smokers, and possible immunological mechanisms for this effect are presented in the current paper.
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Boeck L, Gencay M, Roth M, Hirsch HH, Christ-Crain M, Mueller B, Tamm M, Stolz D. Adenovirus-specific IgG maturation as a surrogate marker in acute exacerbations of COPD. Chest 2014; 146:339-347. [PMID: 24722914 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cells in airways and lung parenchyma may be involved in COPD evolution; however, whether their pathogenic role is beneficial or harmful remains controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the maturation of adenovirus-specific immunoglobulins in patients with COPD with respect to clinical outcome. METHODS The presence of adenovirus-specific immunoglobulins during acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) was analyzed at exacerbation and 2 to 3 weeks later. Patients with detectable adenovirus-specific IgM and low IgG avidity were grouped into fast and delayed IgG maturation. The clinical outcome of both groups was evaluated. RESULTS Of 208 patients, 43 (20.7%) had serologic evidence of recent adenovirus infection and were grouped by fast IgG maturation (26 patients) and delayed IgG maturation (17 patients). Baseline characteristics, AECOPD therapy, and duration of hospitalization were similar in both groups, but the AECOPD recurrence rate within 6 months was higher (P = .003), and there was a trend for earlier AECOPD-related rehospitalizations (P = .061) in the delayed IgG maturation group. The time to rehospitalization or death within 2 years was shorter in patients with delayed IgG maturation (P = .003). Adenovirus-specific IgG maturation was an independent predictor of the number of AECOPD recurrences within 6 months (P = .001) and the occurrence of hospitalization or death within 2 years (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS Delayed immunoglobulin avidity maturation following COPD exacerbation is associated with worse outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRY ISRCTN Register; No.: ISRCTN77261143; URL: www.isrctn.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Boeck
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research (Drs Boeck, Gencay, Roth, Tamm, and Stolz), University Hospital Basel, Basel; Department of Biomedicine (Dr Hirsch), University Basel, Basel; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (Dr Christ-Crain), University Basel, Basel; Medical University Department (Dr Mueller), Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Mikael Gencay
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research (Drs Boeck, Gencay, Roth, Tamm, and Stolz), University Hospital Basel, Basel; Department of Biomedicine (Dr Hirsch), University Basel, Basel; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (Dr Christ-Crain), University Basel, Basel; Medical University Department (Dr Mueller), Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research (Drs Boeck, Gencay, Roth, Tamm, and Stolz), University Hospital Basel, Basel; Department of Biomedicine (Dr Hirsch), University Basel, Basel; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (Dr Christ-Crain), University Basel, Basel; Medical University Department (Dr Mueller), Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Hans H Hirsch
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research (Drs Boeck, Gencay, Roth, Tamm, and Stolz), University Hospital Basel, Basel; Department of Biomedicine (Dr Hirsch), University Basel, Basel; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (Dr Christ-Crain), University Basel, Basel; Medical University Department (Dr Mueller), Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Christ-Crain
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research (Drs Boeck, Gencay, Roth, Tamm, and Stolz), University Hospital Basel, Basel; Department of Biomedicine (Dr Hirsch), University Basel, Basel; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (Dr Christ-Crain), University Basel, Basel; Medical University Department (Dr Mueller), Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Beat Mueller
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research (Drs Boeck, Gencay, Roth, Tamm, and Stolz), University Hospital Basel, Basel; Department of Biomedicine (Dr Hirsch), University Basel, Basel; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (Dr Christ-Crain), University Basel, Basel; Medical University Department (Dr Mueller), Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research (Drs Boeck, Gencay, Roth, Tamm, and Stolz), University Hospital Basel, Basel; Department of Biomedicine (Dr Hirsch), University Basel, Basel; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (Dr Christ-Crain), University Basel, Basel; Medical University Department (Dr Mueller), Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Pulmonary Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research (Drs Boeck, Gencay, Roth, Tamm, and Stolz), University Hospital Basel, Basel; Department of Biomedicine (Dr Hirsch), University Basel, Basel; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (Dr Christ-Crain), University Basel, Basel; Medical University Department (Dr Mueller), Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
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Attaran S, Chukwuemeka A, Anderson JR. Can lungs be taken for transplantation from donors with a significant smoking history? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 17:163-5. [PMID: 23575756 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivt141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A best evidence topic in cardiothoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was 'Can lungs be taken for transplantation from donors with a significant smoking history?’. Five papers were found using the reported search that represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. These studies compared the outcome and survival between patients who receive lungs from smokers with those receiving non-smoker lungs. None of these studies were randomized controlled trials. They retrospectively analysed a cohort of patients undergoing lung transplantation for the past 10 years. These studies showed worse outcomes in the early postoperative period, such as longer intensive care unit stay, longer ventilation time and higher early postoperative mortality, with lungs harvested from smokers. Two studies also demonstrated a worse long-term outcome in recipients of lungs from smokers, whereas the other two showed worse results during the early postoperative period only. These latter two studies reported similar survival rates after 3 months and up to 3 years in recipients receiving smoker vs non-smoker lungs. One study, however, showed a better 5-year survival with smoker lungs compared with non-smokers, although in this study, lungs from heavy smokers showed the worse outcome. Despite the difference in long-term results and outcome reported by these authors, all of these studies unanimously indicate that lungs from smokers should not be rejected, as survival in these patients receiving smoker lungs is still significantly higher in 3 and 5 years compared with that in those who remain on the transplant waiting list. In conclusion, the current evidence in the literature suggests that lungs from smokers can be used for transplantation. Patients should, however, be fully informed of the risks involved with these lungs and the worse outcome compared with those receiving non-smoker lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saina Attaran
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Morimoto Y, Nambu Z, Hori H, Tsuda T, Yamato H, Higashi T, Yokosaki Y, Kido M, Tanaka I. Chronic Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Inhibits the Stimulating Effects of Mineral Fibers on the Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor by Alveolar Macrophages of Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/oeh.1996.2.2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Combustible and non-combustible tobacco product preparations differentially regulate human peripheral blood mononuclear cell functions. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1992-2004. [PMID: 23851003 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells play essential roles in innate and adaptive immune responses in protecting against microbial infections and in tumor surveillance. Although evidence suggests that smoking causes immunosuppression, there is limited information whether the use of smokeless tobacco (ST) products affects immune responses. In this study, we assessed the effects of two preparations of cigarette smoke, ST extract and nicotine on T cell and NK cell responses using Toll-like receptor-ligand stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The tobacco product preparations (TPPs) tested included whole smoke conditioned media (WS-CM), total particulate matter (TPM) and a ST product preparation in complete artificial saliva (ST/CAS). The PBMCs were stimulated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A marked reduction of the expression of intracellular IFN-γ and TNF-α was evident in NK cells and T cells treated with WS-CM and TPM. Consistently, attenuation of ligand-induced secretion of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-α) from PBMCs treated with WS-CM and TPM were observed. While the treatment with TPPs did not alter the expression of the maturation marker CD69, WS-CM and TPM inhibited the cytolytic activity of human PBMCs. Suppression of perforin by WS-CM was also detected. Although interference from the vehicle confounded the interpretation of effects of ST/CAS, some effects were evident only at high concentrations. Nicotine treatment minimally impacted expression of cytokines and cytolytic activity. Data presented herein suggests that the function of NK cells and T cells is influenced by exposure to TPPs (based on equi-nicotine units) in the following order: WS-CM>TPM>ST/CAS. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis put forward by others that chronic smoking leads to immunosuppression, an effect that may contribute to increased microbial infections and cancer incidence among smokers.
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Wilson LE, Pawlita M, Castle PE, Waterboer T, Sahasrabuddhe V, Gravitt PE, Schiffman M, Wentzensen N. Natural immune responses against eight oncogenic human papillomaviruses in the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2172-81. [PMID: 23588935 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Only a subset of women with human papillomavirus (HPV) infections will become seropositive, and the factors influencing seroconversion are not well understood. We used a multiplex serology assay in women with mildly abnormal cytology results to examine seroreactivity to oncogenic HPV genotypes. An unbiased subset of women in the atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance /low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion Triage Study provided blood samples at trial enrollment for serological testing. A Luminex assay based on glutathione s-transferase-L1 fusion proteins as antigens was used to test seroreactivity against eight carcinogenic HPV genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52 and 58). We analyzed the relationship between seroprevalence in women free of precancer (N = 2,464) and HPV DNA status, age, sexual behavior and other HPV-related risk factors. The overall seroprevalence was 24.5% for HPV16 L1 and ∼20% for 18L1 and 31L1. Among women free of precancer, seroprevalence peaked in women less than 29 years and decreased with age. Type-specific seroprevalence was associated with baseline DNA detection for HPV16 (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.04-1.79) and HPV18 (OR = 2.31, 95%CI: 1.61-3.32), as well as for HPV52 and HPV58. Correlates of sexual exposure were associated with increased seroprevalence across most genotypes. Women who were current or former smokers were less likely to be seropositive for all eight of the tested oncogenic genotypes. The multiplex assay showed associations between seroprevalence and known risk factors for HPV infection across nearly all tested HPV genotypes but associations between DNA- and serostatus were weak, suggesting possible misclassification of the participants' HPV serostatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Wilson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abstract
➤ Cigarette smoking decreases bone mineral density and increases the risk of sustaining a fracture or tendon injury, with partial reversibility of these risks with long-term cessation of smoking. ➤ Cigarette smoking increases the risk for perioperative complications, nonunion and delayed union of fractures, infection, and soft-tissue and wound-healing complications. ➤ Brief preoperative cessation of smoking may mitigate these perioperative risks. ➤ Informed-consent discussions should include notification of the higher risk of perioperative complications with cigarette smoking and the benefits of temporary cessation of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, 2912 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive SPC 5328, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Olayanju AO, Rahamon SK, Arinola OG. Salivary immunoglobulin classes in Nigerian cigarette smokers: Indication for increased risk of oral diseases. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2013; 9:531-4. [PMID: 23559915 PMCID: PMC3612187 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a worldwide social epidemic and it is one of the main causes of preventable death and disability. Gingivitis, periodontitis, pocket depth, attachment loss, alveolar bone loss, and tooth loss are some of oral pathologies commonly found in cigarette smokers. The aim of this study was to explore, for the first time among Nigerians, the interplay between components of cigarette smoke and salivary levels of immunoglobulin classes so as to provide oral immunological based reasons for oral diseases in cigarette smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 5 mL of unstimulated saliva was collected in plain sample bottles from 24 active smokers who smoke at least 6 sticks of cigarette per day and 21 sex and age-matched non-smokers who were apparently healthy. The samples were spun and supernatant stored at -20°C until assayed. The immunoglobulin levels of the samples were estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Student's t-test (unpaired) was used to determine significant differences between the two groups. P values less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the mean salivary levels of IgG, IgA, and IgE. Only IgM was significantly lower in smokers compared with non-smokers (P = 0.038). The proportion of smokers with detectable level of salivary IgE was lower compared with controls. CONCLUSION Our study showed that there is decreased salivary IgM in smokers. This observation suggests that reduced salivary immunoglobulin level of IgM might be involved in the pathogenesis of oral diseases in cigarette smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Olatunde Olayanju
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, Immunology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Inoue C, Takeshita T, Kondo H, Morimoto K. Cigarette smoking is associated with the reduction of lymphokine-activated killer cell and natural killer cell activities. Environ Health Prev Med 2012; 1:14-9. [PMID: 21432415 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/1995] [Accepted: 08/16/1995] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell and natural killer (NK) cell activities were determined in a group of healthy individuals with differing smoking habits. The study population consisted of 54 Japanese males, including 23 smokers, 8 ex-smokers and 23 non-smokers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and used as effector cells. LAK cells were generated by incubation of PBMC with interleukin-2 for 72 h. LAK cell activity against NK-resistant Raji cells and NK cell activity against NK-sensitive K562 cells were examined by 4-h51Cr-release assay. LAK cell activity in the smokers was significantly lower than that in the nonsmokers. The smokers showed significantly lower NK cell activity than the nonsmokers, whereas NK cell activity of the ex-smokers was comparable to that of the non-smokers. The proportion of NK cells (CD3-16+56-, CD3-16-56+, or CD3-16+56+ cells) in the smokers was significantly lower than that in the nonsmokers. The present study demonstrates for the first time that cigarette smokers have lower LAK cell activity than nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Inoue
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Osaka University School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, 565, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Peters EN, Torres E, Toll BA, Cummings KM, Gritz ER, Hyland A, Herbst RS, Marshall JR, Warren GW. Tobacco assessment in actively accruing National Cancer Institute Cooperative Group Program Clinical Trials. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:2869-75. [PMID: 22689794 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.40.8815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Substantial evidence suggests that tobacco use has adverse effects on cancer treatment outcomes; however, routine assessment of tobacco use has not been fully incorporated into standard clinical oncology practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tobacco use assessment in patients enrolled onto actively accruing cancer clinical trials. METHODS Protocols and forms for 155 actively accruing trials in the National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) Clinical Trials Cooperative Group Program were evaluated for tobacco use assessment at enrollment and follow-up by using a structured coding instrument. RESULTS Of the 155 clinical trials reviewed, 45 (29%) assessed any form of tobacco use at enrollment, but only 34 (21.9%) assessed current cigarette use. Only seven trials (4.5%) assessed any form of tobacco use during follow-up. Secondhand smoke exposure was captured in 2.6% of trials at enrollment and 0.6% during follow-up. None of the trials assessed nicotine dependence or interest in quitting at any point during enrollment or treatment. Tobacco status assessment was higher in lung/head and neck trials as well as phase III trials, but there was no difference according to year of starting accrual or cooperative group. CONCLUSION Most actively accruing cooperative group clinical trials do not assess tobacco use, and there is no observable trend in improvement over the past 8 years. Failure to incorporate standardized tobacco assessments into NCI-funded Cooperative Group Clinical Trials will limit the ability to provide evidence-based cessation support and will limit the ability to accurately understand the precise effect of tobacco use on cancer treatment outcomes.
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