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Shouman S, El-Kholy N, Hussien AE, El-Derby AM, Magdy S, Abou-Shanab AM, Elmehrath AO, Abdelwaly A, Helal M, El-Badri N. SARS-CoV-2-associated lymphopenia: possible mechanisms and the role of CD147. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:349. [PMID: 38965547 PMCID: PMC11223399 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes play a primary role in the adaptive antiviral immunity. Both lymphocytosis and lymphopenia were found to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While lymphocytosis indicates an active anti-viral response, lymphopenia is a sign of poor prognosis. T-cells, in essence, rarely express ACE2 receptors, making the cause of cell depletion enigmatic. Moreover, emerging strains posed an immunological challenge, potentially alarming for the next pandemic. Herein, we review how possible indirect and direct key mechanisms could contribute to SARS-CoV-2-associated-lymphopenia. The fundamental mechanism is the inflammatory cytokine storm elicited by viral infection, which alters the host cell metabolism into a more acidic state. This "hyperlactic acidemia" together with the cytokine storm suppresses T-cell proliferation and triggers intrinsic/extrinsic apoptosis. SARS-CoV-2 infection also results in a shift from steady-state hematopoiesis to stress hematopoiesis. Even with low ACE2 expression, the presence of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts on activated T-cells may enhance viral entry and syncytia formation. Finally, direct viral infection of lymphocytes may indicate the participation of other receptors or auxiliary proteins on T-cells, that can work alone or in concert with other mechanisms. Therefore, we address the role of CD147-a novel route-for SARS-CoV-2 and its new variants. CD147 is not only expressed on T-cells, but it also interacts with other co-partners to orchestrate various biological processes. Given these features, CD147 is an appealing candidate for viral pathogenicity. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2-associated-lymphopenia will aid in the discovery of potential therapeutic targets to improve the resilience of our immune system against this rapidly evolving virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Shouman
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
| | - Nada El-Kholy
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center& Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Cancer Chemical Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Alaa E Hussien
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
| | - Azza M El-Derby
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
| | - Shireen Magdy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abou-Shanab
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmad Abdelwaly
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Mohamed Helal
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt.
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12587, Egypt.
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2
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Heydari R, Tavassolifar MJ, Fayazzadeh S, Sadatpour O, Meyfour A. Long non-coding RNAs in biomarking COVID-19: a machine learning-based approach. Virol J 2024; 21:134. [PMID: 38849961 PMCID: PMC11161961 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus pandemic that started in 2019 has caused the highest mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. Data on the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is scarce. We aimed to elucidate the relationship of three important lncRNAs in the inflammatory states, H19, taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1), and colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) with key factors in inflammation and fibrosis induction including signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3), alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe symptoms. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 28 COVID-19 patients and 17 healthy controls were collected. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of RNAs and lncRNAs. Western blotting analysis was also performed to determine the expression levels of STAT3 and α-SMA proteins. Machine learning and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were carried out to evaluate the distinguishing ability of lncRNAs. RESULTS The expression levels of H19, TUG1, and CRNDE were significantly overexpressed in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, STAT3 and α-SMA expression levels were remarkedly increased at both transcript and protein levels in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy subjects and were correlated with Three lncRNAs. Likewise, IL-6 and TNF-α were considerably upregulated in COVID-19 patients. Machine learning and ROC curve analysis showed that CRNDE-H19 panel has the proper ability to distinguish COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.86). CONCLUSION The overexpression of three lncRNAs in COVID-19 patients observed in this study may align with significant manifestations of COVID-19. Furthermore, their co-expression with STAT3 and α-SMA, two critical factors implicated in inflammation and fibrosis induction, underscores their potential involvement in exacerbating cardiovascular, pulmonary and common symptoms and complications associated with COVID-19. The combination of CRNDE and H19 lncRNAs seems to be an impressive host-based biomarker panel for screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 patients from healthy controls. Research into lncRNAs can provide a robust platform to find new viral infection-related mediators and propose novel therapeutic strategies for viral infections and immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Heydari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Tavassolifar
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Fayazzadeh
- Bioinformatics and Computational Omics Lab (BioCOOL), Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Sadatpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zheng J, Li Y, Kong X, Guo J. Exploring immune-related pathogenesis in lung injury: Providing new insights Into ALI/ARDS. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116773. [PMID: 38776679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represent a significant global burden of morbidity and mortality, with lung injury being the primary cause of death in affected patients. The pathogenesis of lung injury, however, remains a complex issue. In recent years, the role of the immune system in lung injury has attracted extensive attention worldwide. Despite advancements in our understanding of various lung injury subtypes, significant limitations persist in both prevention and treatment. This review investigates the immunopathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, aiming to elucidate the pathological processes of lung injury mediated by dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, phagocytes, and neutrophils. Furthermore, the article expounds on the critical contributions of gut microbiota, inflammatory pathways, and cytokine storms in the development of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Zheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Li
- Pharmacy Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Jinhe Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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4
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Del Carmen Camacho-Rea M, Martínez-Gómez LE, Martinez-Armenta C, Martínez-Nava GA, Ortega-Peña S, Olea-Torres J, Herrera-López B, Suarez-Ahedo C, Vázquez-Cárdenas P, Vidal-Vázquez RP, Ramírez-Hinojosa JP, Vargas-Alarcón G, Posadas-Sánchez R, Fragoso JM, De Jesús Martínez-Ruiz F, Zayago-Angeles DM, Mata-Miranda MM, Vazquez-Zapien GJ, Martínez-Cuazitl A, Garcia-Galicia A, Granados J, Ramos L, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Pineda C, López-Reyes A. Association of TLR8 Variants in Sex-Based Clinical Differences in Patients with COVID-19. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10839-w. [PMID: 38814383 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The host immune response might confer differential vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8), could participated for severe COVID-19 outcomes. To investigated the relationship of TLR8 rs3764879-C/G, rs3764880-A/G, and rs3761624-A/G with COVID-19 outcomes and with biochemical parameters. A cross-sectional study of 830 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients was performed, and classified into mild, severe, critical, and deceased outcomes. The TLR8 rs3764879-C/G, rs3764880-A/G, and rs3761624-A/G polymorphisms were genotyped. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determinate the association with COVID-19. A stratified analysis was by alleles was done with clinical and metabolic markets. In all outcomes, men presented the highest ferritin levels compared to women (P < 0.001). LDH levels were significantly different between sex in mild (P = 0.003), severe (P < 0.001) and deceased (P = 0.01) COVID-19 outcomes. The GGG haplotype showed an Odds Ratio of 1.55 (Interval Confidence 95% 1.05-2.32; P = 0.03) in men. Among patients with severe outcome, we observed that the carriers of the GGG haplotype had lower Ferritin, C-reactive protein and LDH levels than the CAA carriers (P < 0.01). After further stratified by sex, these associations were also seen in the male patients, except for D-dimer. Interestingly, among men patients, we could observe associations between TLR8 haplotypes and Ferritin (P < 0.001), D-dimer (P = 0.04), C-reactive protein, and Lactate dehydrogenase in mild (P = 0.04) group. Our results suggest that even though TLR8 haplotypes show a significant association with COVID-19 outcomes, they are associated with clinical markers in COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Camacho-Rea
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, CDMX, México
| | - Laura Edith Martínez-Gómez
- Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Coapa, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, CDMX, México
| | - Carlos Martinez-Armenta
- Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Coapa, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, CDMX, México
| | - Gabriela Angélica Martínez-Nava
- Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Coapa, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, CDMX, México
| | - Silvestre Ortega-Peña
- Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Coapa, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, CDMX, México
| | - Jessel Olea-Torres
- Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Coapa, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, CDMX, México
| | - Brígida Herrera-López
- Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Coapa, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, CDMX, México
| | - Carlos Suarez-Ahedo
- Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Coapa, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, CDMX, México
| | - Paola Vázquez-Cárdenas
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Subdirección de Epidemiología E Infectología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, CDMX, México
| | - Rosa P Vidal-Vázquez
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Subdirección de Epidemiología E Infectología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, CDMX, México
| | - Juan Pablo Ramírez-Hinojosa
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Subdirección de Epidemiología E Infectología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, CDMX, México
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Subdirección de Epidemiología E Infectología, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, CDMX, México
| | | | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, CDMX, México
| | - Felipe De Jesús Martínez-Ruiz
- Nuevo Hospital General Delegación Regional Sur de La Ciudad de México, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales Para los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), CDMX, México
| | - Dulce María Zayago-Angeles
- Nuevo Hospital General Delegación Regional Sur de La Ciudad de México, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales Para los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), CDMX, México
| | - Mónica Maribel Mata-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Laboratorio de Embriología, Escuela Militar de Medicina, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, CDMX, México
| | - Gustavo Jesús Vazquez-Zapien
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Laboratorio de Embriología, Escuela Militar de Medicina, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, CDMX, México
| | - Adriana Martínez-Cuazitl
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Laboratorio de Embriología, Escuela Militar de Medicina, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, CDMX, México
| | - Armando Garcia-Galicia
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Central Norte Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), CDMX, México
| | - Julio Granados
- Departamento de Trasplantes, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, CDMX, México
| | - Luis Ramos
- Departamento de Trasplantes, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, CDMX, México
| | | | - Carlos Pineda
- Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Coapa, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, CDMX, México
| | - Alberto López-Reyes
- Unidad de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra Calz México-Xochimilco 289, Coapa, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, CDMX, México.
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Ciszewski WM, Woźniak LA, Sobierajska K. Diverse roles of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins in EndMT stimulation through the TGF-β-MRTF axis inhibited by aspirin. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:296. [PMID: 38807115 PMCID: PMC11134719 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes severe COVID-19 in one-fifth of patients. In addition to high mortality, infection may induce respiratory failure and cardiovascular complications associated with inflammation. Acute or prolonged inflammation results in organ fibrosis, the cause of which might be endothelial disorders arising during the endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). METHODS HUVECs and HMEC-1 cells were stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 S (Spike) and N (Nucleocapsid) proteins, and EndMT induction was evaluated by studying specific protein markers via Western blotting. Wound healing and tube formation assays were employed to assess the potential of SARS-CoV-2 to stimulate changes in cell behaviour. MRTF nuclear translocation, ROS generation, TLR4 inhibitors, TGF-β-neutralizing antibodies, and inhibitors of the TGF-β-dependent pathway were used to investigate the role of the TGF-β-MRTF signalling axis in SARS-CoV-2-dependent EndMT stimulation. RESULTS Both viral proteins stimulate myofibroblast trans-differentiation. However, the N protein is more effective at EndMT induction. The TGF-β-MRTF pathway plays a critical role in this process. The N protein preferentially favours action through TGF-β2, whose secretion is induced through TLR4-ROS action. TGF-β2 stimulates MRTF-A and MRTF-B nuclear translocation and strongly regulates EndMT. In contrast, the Spike protein stimulates TGF-β1 secretion as a result of ACE2 downregulation. TGF-β1 induces only MRTF-B, which, in turn, weakly regulates EndMT. Furthermore, aspirin, a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, might prevent and reverse SARS-CoV-2-dependent EndMT induction through TGF-β-MRTF pathway deregulation. CONCLUSION The reported study revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces EndMT. Moreover, it was demonstrated for the first time at the molecular level that the intensity of the EndMT triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection may vary and depend on the viral protein involved. The N protein acts through TLR4-ROS-TGF-β2-MRTF-A/B, whereas the S protein acts through ACE2-TGF-β1-MRTF-B. Furthermore, we identified aspirin as a potential anti-fibrotic drug for treating patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech M Ciszewski
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka Str. 6/8, Lodz, 92- 215, Poland
| | - Lucyna A Woźniak
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego Str. 7/9, Lodz, 90-752, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sobierajska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka Str. 6/8, Lodz, 92- 215, Poland.
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Bloomquist R, Mondal AK, Vashisht A, Sahajpal N, Jones K, Vashisht V, Singh H, Farmaha J, Kolhe R. Gene Regulatory Network Analysis of Post-Mortem Lungs Unveils Novel Insights into COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Viruses 2024; 16:853. [PMID: 38932146 PMCID: PMC11209433 DOI: 10.3390/v16060853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged as one of the most significant global health crises in recent history. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients have revealed the possibility of immune activity changes contributing to disease severity. Nevertheless, limited information is available regarding the immune response in human lung tissue, which is the primary site of infection. In this study, we conducted an extensive analysis of lung tissue to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in five individuals who died due to COVID-19 and underwent a rapid autopsy, as well as seven control individuals who died of other causes unrelated to COVID-19. To analyze the host response gene expression, miRNA microarray and Nanostring's nCounter XT gene expression assay were performed. Our study identified 37 downregulated and 77 upregulated miRNAs in COVID-19 lung biopsy samples compared to the controls. A total of 653 mRNA transcripts were differentially expressed between the two sample types, with most transcripts (472) being downregulated in COVID-19-positive specimens. Hierarchical and PCA K-means clustering analysis showed distinct clustering between COVID-19 and control samples. Enrichment and network analyses revealed differentially expressed genes important for innate immunity and inflammatory response in COVID-19 lung biopsies. The interferon-signaling pathway was highly upregulated in COVID-19 specimens while genes involved in interleukin-17 signaling were downregulated. These findings shed light on the mechanisms of host cellular responses to COVID-19 infection in lung tissues and could help identify new targets for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bloomquist
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA; (R.B.); (A.K.M.); (A.V.); (K.J.); (V.V.); (H.S.); (J.F.)
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Ashis K. Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA; (R.B.); (A.K.M.); (A.V.); (K.J.); (V.V.); (H.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Ashutosh Vashisht
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA; (R.B.); (A.K.M.); (A.V.); (K.J.); (V.V.); (H.S.); (J.F.)
| | | | - Kimya Jones
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA; (R.B.); (A.K.M.); (A.V.); (K.J.); (V.V.); (H.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Vishakha Vashisht
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA; (R.B.); (A.K.M.); (A.V.); (K.J.); (V.V.); (H.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Harmanpreet Singh
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA; (R.B.); (A.K.M.); (A.V.); (K.J.); (V.V.); (H.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Jaspreet Farmaha
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA; (R.B.); (A.K.M.); (A.V.); (K.J.); (V.V.); (H.S.); (J.F.)
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA; (R.B.); (A.K.M.); (A.V.); (K.J.); (V.V.); (H.S.); (J.F.)
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7
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Shen S, Wang M, Li X, Wang B, Hong W, Li W, Xu B, Guo Z, Han R, Yi S, Wu Z, He X, Wang L, Zhu Q, Yang G, Wang H, Deng Q, Chen J, Gao S, Jiang C, Gao R. The gonadal niche safeguards human fetal germline cell development following maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101515. [PMID: 38631348 PMCID: PMC11148563 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
During pregnancy, germline development is vital for maintaining the continuation of species. Recent studies have shown increased pregnancy risks in COVID-19 patients at the perinatal stage. However, the potential consequence of infection for reproductive quality in developing fetuses remains unclear. Here, we analyze the transcriptome and DNA methylome of the fetal germline following maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We find that infection at early gestational age, a critical period of human primordial germ cell specification and epigenetic reprogramming, trivially affects fetal germ cell (FGC) development. Additionally, FGC-niche communications are not compromised by maternal infection. Strikingly, both general and SARS-CoV-2-specific immune pathways are greatly activated in gonadal niche cells to protect FGCs from maternal infection. Notably, there occurs an "in advance" development tendency in FGCs after maternal infection. Our study provides insights into the impacts of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal germline development and serves as potential clinical guidance for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Shen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mengting Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Beiying Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ben Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenxiang Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruichen Han
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shanru Yi
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qianshu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum B5, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Rui Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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8
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Wei Y, Yu W, Zhang Z, Liu S, Xue J, Wu C, Gao Z, Guo S. Comparative analysis of oropharyngeal microbiota in healthcare workers post-COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1347345. [PMID: 38828262 PMCID: PMC11140064 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1347345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To date, more than 770 million individuals have become coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents worldwide. Emerging evidence highlights the influence of COVID-19 on the oral microbiome during both acute and convalescent disease phases. Front-line healthcare workers are at an elevated risk of exposure to viral infections, and the effects of COVID-19 on their oral microbiome remain relatively unexplored. Methods Oropharyngeal swab specimens, collected one month after a negative COVID-19 test from a cohort comprising 55 healthcare workers, underwent 16S rRNA sequencing. We conducted a comparative analysis between this post-COVID-19 cohort and the pre-infection dataset from the same participants. Community composition analysis, indicator species analysis, alpha diversity assessment, beta diversity exploration, and functional prediction were evaluated. Results The Shannon and Simpson indexes of the oral microbial community declined significantly in the post-COVID-19 group when compared with the pre-infection cohort. Moreover, there was clear intergroup clustering between the two groups. In the post-COVID-19 group, the phylum Firmicutes showed a significant increase. Further, there were clear differences in relative abundance of several bacterial genera in contrast with the pre-infection group, including Streptococcus, Gemella, Granulicatella, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, Fusobacterium, and Prevotella. We identified Gemella enrichment in the post-COVID-19 group, potentially serving as a recovery period performance indicator. Functional prediction revealed lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis downregulation in the post-COVID-19 group, an outcome with host inflammatory response modulation and innate defence mechanism implications. Conclusion During the recovery phase of COVID-19, the oral microbiome diversity of front-line healthcare workers failed to fully return to its pre-infection state. Despite the negative COVID-19 test result one month later, notable disparities persisted in the composition and functional attributes of the oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wei
- Nursing of school, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenyi Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixia Zhang
- Nursing Department, Linfen Central Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | - Siqin Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbo Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Nursing of school, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chest and Lung Diseases, Shanxi Medical University, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuming Guo
- Nursing of school, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Nursing Department, Linfen Central Hospital, Shanxi, China
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9
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Wang K, Huang H, Zhan Q, Ding H, Li Y. Toll-like receptors in health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e549. [PMID: 38685971 PMCID: PMC11057423 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are inflammatory triggers and belong to a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are central to the regulation of host protective adaptive immune responses. Activation of TLRs in innate immune myeloid cells directs lymphocytes to produce the most appropriate effector responses to eliminate infection and maintain homeostasis of the body's internal environment. Inappropriate TLR stimulation can lead to the development of general autoimmune diseases as well as chronic and acute inflammation, and even cancer. Therefore, TLRs are expected to be targets for therapeutic treatment of inflammation-related diseases, autoimmune diseases, microbial infections, and human cancers. This review summarizes the recent discoveries in the molecular and structural biology of TLRs. The role of different TLR signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, and even cancers (oral, gastric, breast, colorectal) is highlighted and summarizes new drugs and related clinical treatments in clinical trials, providing an overview of the potential and prospects of TLRs for the treatment of TLR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hanyao Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qi Zhan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haoran Ding
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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10
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Chen C, Song X, Murdock DJ, Marcus A, Hussein M, Jalbert JJ, Geba GP. Association between allergic conditions and COVID-19 susceptibility and outcomes. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:637-645.e7. [PMID: 38242353 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between underlying type 2 inflammation and immune response to COVID-19 is unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationships between allergic conditions and COVID-19 susceptibility and outcomes. METHODS In the Optum database, adult patients with and without major allergic conditions (asthma, atopic dermatitis [AD], allergic rhinitis, food allergy, anaphylaxis, or eosinophilic esophagitis) and patients with and without severe asthma/AD were identified. Adjusted incidence rate ratios for COVID-19 were compared among patients with vs without allergic conditions or severe asthma/AD vs non-severe asthma/AD during April 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Among patients with COVID-19, adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of 30-day COVID-19-related hospitalization/all-cause mortality were estimated for the same comparisons during April 1, 2020, to March 31, 2022. RESULTS Patients with (N = 1,273,231; asthma, 47.2%; AD, 1.5%; allergic rhinitis, 58.6%; food allergy, 5.1%; anaphylaxis, 4.1%; eosinophilic esophagitis, 0.9%) and without allergic conditions (N = 2,278,571) were identified. Allergic conditions (adjusted incidence rate ratios [95% CI], 1.22 [1.21-1.24]) and asthma severity (1.12 [1.09-1.15]) were associated with increased incidence of COVID-19. Among patients with COVID-19 (patients with [N = 261,076] and without allergic conditions [N = 1,098,135] were matched on age, sex, region, index month), having an allergic condition had minimal impact on 30-day COVID-19-related hospitalization/all-cause mortality (aHR [95% CI] 0.96 [0.95-0.98]) but was associated with a lower risk of mortality (0.80 [0.78-0.83]). Asthma was associated with a higher risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization/all-cause mortality vs non-asthma allergic conditions (aHR [95% CI], 1.27 [1.25-1.30]), mostly driven by higher hospitalization. CONCLUSION Allergic conditions were associated with an increased risk of receiving COVID-19 diagnosis but reduced mortality after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | - Xue Song
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | | | - Andrea Marcus
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
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11
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Shah AU, Hemida MG. The Potential Roles of Host Cell miRNAs in Fine-Tuning Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) Molecular Pathogenesis, Tissue Tropism, and Immune Regulation. Microorganisms 2024; 12:897. [PMID: 38792727 PMCID: PMC11124416 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infection causes significant economic loss to the dairy and beef industries worldwide. BCoV exhibits dual tropism, infecting the respiratory and enteric tracts of cattle. The enteric BCoV isolates could also induce respiratory manifestations under certain circumstances. However, the mechanism of this dual tropism of BCoV infection has not yet been studied well. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and play a dual role in virus infection, mediating virus or modulating host immune regulatory genes through complex virus-host cell interactions. However, their role in BCoV infection remains unclear. This study aims to identify bovine miRNAs crucial for regulating virus-host interaction, influencing tissue tropism, and explore their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents against BCoV. We downloaded 18 full-length BCoV genomes (10 enteric and eight respiratory) from GenBank. We applied several bioinformatic tools to study the host miRNAs targeting various regions in the viral genome. We used the criteria of differential targeting between the enteric/respiratory isolates to identify some critical miRNAs as biological markers for BCoV infection. Using various online bioinformatic tools, we also searched for host miRNA target genes involved in BCoV infection, immune evasion, and regulation. Our results show that four bovine miRNAs (miR-2375, miR-193a-3p, miR-12059, and miR-494) potentially target the BCoV spike protein at multiple sites. These miRNAs also regulate the host immune suppressor pathways, which negatively impacts BCoV replication. Furthermore, we found that bta-(miR-2338, miR-6535, miR-2392, and miR-12054) also target the BCoV genome at certain regions but are involved in regulating host immune signal transduction pathways, i.e., type I interferon (IFN) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) pathways. Moreover, both miR-2338 and miR-2392 also target host transcriptional factors RORA, YY1, and HLF, which are potential diagnostic markers for BCoV infection. Therefore, miR-2338, miR-6535, miR-2392, and miR-12054 have the potential to fine-tune BCoV tropism and immune evasion and enhance viral pathogenesis. Our results indicate that host miRNAs play essential roles in the BCoV tissue tropism, pathogenesis, and immune regulation. Four bovine miRNAs (miR-2375, bta-miR-193a-3p, bta-miR-12059, and bta-miR-494) target BCoV-S glycoprotein and are potentially involved in several immune suppression pathways during the viral infection. These miRNA candidates could serve as good genetic markers for BCoV infection. However, further studies are urgently needed to validate these identified miRNAs and their target genes in the context of BCoV infection and dual tropism and as genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA;
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12
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Xiong Y, Li Y, Qian W, Zhang Q. RNA m5C methylation modification: a potential therapeutic target for SARS-CoV-2-associated myocarditis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380697. [PMID: 38715608 PMCID: PMC11074473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread worldwide and resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. Although most infections are mild, some patients can also develop severe and fatal myocarditis. In eukaryotic RNAs, 5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a common kind of post-transcriptional modification, which is involved in regulating various biological processes (such as RNA export, translation, and stability maintenance). With the rapid development of m5C modification detection technology, studies related to viral m5C modification are ever-increasing. These studies have revealed that m5C modification plays an important role in various stages of viral replication, including transcription and translation. According to recent studies, m5C methylation modification can regulate SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating innate immune signaling pathways. However, the specific role of m5C modification in SARS-CoV-2-induced myocarditis remains unclear. Therefore, this review aims to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of m5C methylation in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the regulatory role of NSUN2 in viral infection and host innate immune response was also highlighted. This review may provide new directions for developing therapeutic strategies for SARS-CoV-2-associated myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Emergency Department, Shangjinnanfu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiwei Qian
- Emergency Department, Shangjinnanfu Hospital, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, and Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Le GH, Kwan ATH, Guo Z, Wong S, Badulescu S, Gill H, Teopiz KM, Meshkat S, Ceban F, Phan L, Subramaniapillai M, Di Vincenzo JD, Rosenblat JD, Mansur RB, d'Andrea G, Ho R, Rhee TG, McIntyre RS. Impact of elevated body mass index (BMI) on cognitive functioning and inflammation in persons with post-COVID-19 condition: a secondary analysis. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38605630 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2024.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who have recovered from the acute stage of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be at risk of developing post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), characterised by a spectrum of persisting, non-specific, and functionally impairing symptoms across multiple organ systems. Obesity has been implicated as a risk factor for PCC, mediated by chronic systemic inflammation. The foregoing has also been separately reported to mediate cognitive dysfunction in PCC. METHODS This is a post-hoc analysis of a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating vortioxetine treatment for cognitive impairments in persons with PCC who received vortioxetine or placebo for eight weeks. This analysis comprises baseline data, examining the impact of BMI on cognitive functioning measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Trails Making Tests (TMT)-A/B, as well as inflammation, via serum c-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). RESULTS Complete data from 70 participants were statistically analysed and adjusted for age and sex. BMI was negatively correlated with performance on the DSST (β = -0.003, p = 0.047), TMT-A (β = -0.006, p = 0.025), and TMT-B (β = -0.006, p = 0.002). BMI was positively correlated with serum CRP (unstandardized β = 0.193, standardized β = 0.612, p < 0.001) and ESR (β = 0.039, p < 0.001) levels. CONCLUSION We observed a significant negative correlation between BMI and cognitive functioning, and a significant positive correlation between BMI and inflammation in persons with PCC, suggesting a bidirectional interplay between BMI, PCC, and cognitive function; individuals with an elevated BMI may be at a greater risk of developing PCC and/or presenting with greater cognitive deficits mediated by chronic systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gia Han Le
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Angela T H Kwan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ziji Guo
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabrina Wong
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sebastian Badulescu
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hartej Gill
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kayla M Teopiz
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shakila Meshkat
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Felicia Ceban
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine. McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lee Phan
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giacomo d'Andrea
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences University "G d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Zhang L, Nishi H, Kinoshita K. Multi-Omics Profiling Reveals Phenotypic and Functional Heterogeneity of Neutrophils in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3841. [PMID: 38612651 PMCID: PMC11011481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed unexpected phenotypic heterogeneity and diverse functions of neutrophils in several diseases. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can alter the leukocyte phenotype based on disease severity, including neutrophil activation in severe cases. However, the plasticity of neutrophil phenotypes and their relative impact on COVID-19 pathogenesis has not been well addressed. This study aimed to identify and validate the heterogeneity of neutrophils in COVID-19 and evaluate the functions of each subpopulation. We analyzed public single-cell RNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq, and proteome data from healthy donors and patients with COVID-19 to investigate neutrophil subpopulations and their response to disease pathogenesis. We identified eight neutrophil subtypes: pro-neutrophil, pre-neutrophil, immature neutrophil, and five mature neutrophil subpopulations. The subtypes exhibited distinct features, including diverse activation signatures and multiple enriched pathways. The pro-neutrophil subtype was associated with severe and fatal disease, while the pre-neutrophil subtype was particularly abundant in mild/moderate disease. One of the mature neutrophil subtypes showed consistently large fractions in patients with different disease severity. Bulk RNA-seq dataset analyses using a cellular deconvolution approach validated the relative abundances of neutrophil subtypes and the expansion of pro-neutrophils in severe COVID-19 patients. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed representative ligand-receptor interactions among the identified neutrophil subtypes. Further investigation into transcription factors and differential protein abundance revealed the regulatory network differences between healthy donors and patients with severe COVID-19. Overall, we demonstrated the complex interactions among heterogeneous neutrophil subtypes and other blood cell types during COVID-19 disease. Our work has great value in terms of both clinical and public health as it furthers our understanding of the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of neutrophils and other cell populations in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hafumi Nishi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Applied Information Sciences, Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of In Silico Analyses, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan
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15
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Chomel L, Vogt M, Demiselle J, Le Borgne P, Tschirhart M, Morandeau V, Merdji H, Miguet L, Helms J, Meziani F, Mauvieux L. TLRs1-10 Protein Expression in Circulating Human White Blood Cells during Bacterial and COVID-19 Infections. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:216-225. [PMID: 38461810 PMCID: PMC11001289 DOI: 10.1159/000536593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Toll-like receptors play crucial roles in the sepsis-induced systemic inflammatory response. Septic shock mortality correlates with overexpression of neutrophilic TLR2 and TLR9, while the role of TLR4 overexpression remains a debate. In addition, TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of viral infections such as COVID-19, where the single-stranded RNA of SARS-CoV-2 is recognized by TLR7 and TLR8, and the spike protein activates TLR4. METHODS In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of TLRs 1-10 expressions in white blood cells from 71 patients with bacterial and viral infections. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on disease type and severity (sepsis, septic shock, moderate, and severe COVID-19) and compared to 7 healthy volunteers. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in the expression of TLR4 and its co-receptor CD14 in septic shock neutrophils compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Severe COVID-19 patients exhibited a significant increase in TLR3 and TLR7 levels in neutrophils compared to controls (p < 0.05). Septic shock patients also showed a similar increase in TLR7 in neutrophils along with elevated intermediate monocytes (CD14+CD16+) compared to the control group (p < 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). However, TLR expression remained unchanged in lymphocytes. CONCLUSION This study provides further insights into the mechanisms of TLR activation in various infectious conditions. Additional analysis is needed to assess their correlation with patient outcome and to evaluate the impact of TLR-pathway modulation during septic shock and severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Chomel
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), CRBS (Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg), FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,
| | - Mathieu Vogt
- CNRS UPR3572, IBMC, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Demiselle
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), CRBS (Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg), FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Departement of Intensive Care (Service de Médecine Intensive - Réanimation), Hôpital Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierrick Le Borgne
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), CRBS (Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg), FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marine Tschirhart
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), CRBS (Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg), FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Morandeau
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), CRBS (Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg), FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hamid Merdji
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), CRBS (Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg), FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Departement of Intensive Care (Service de Médecine Intensive - Réanimation), Hôpital Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Miguet
- CNRS UPR3572, IBMC, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Helms
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), CRBS (Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg), FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Departement of Intensive Care (Service de Médecine Intensive - Réanimation), Hôpital Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ferhat Meziani
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), CRBS (Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg), FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Departement of Intensive Care (Service de Médecine Intensive - Réanimation), Hôpital Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Mauvieux
- CNRS UPR3572, IBMC, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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16
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Zhu X, Du L, Zhang L, Ding L, Xu W, Lin X. The critical role of toll-like receptor 4 in bone remodeling of osteoporosis: from inflammation recognition to immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1333086. [PMID: 38504994 PMCID: PMC10948547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1333086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common chronic metabolic bone disorder. Recently, increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4, a receptor located on the surface of osteoclasts and osteoblasts) plays a pivotal role in the development of osteoporosis. Herein, we performed a comprehensive review to summarize the findings from the relevant studies within this topic. Clinical data showed that TLR4 polymorphisms and aberrant TLR4 expression have been associated with the clinical significance of osteoporosis. Mechanistically, dysregulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts induced by abnormal expression of TLR4 is the main molecular mechanism underlying the pathological processes of osteoporosis, which may be associated with the interactions between TLR4 and NF-κB pathway, proinflammatory effects, ncRNAs, and RUNX2. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that many promising substances or agents (i.e., methionine, dioscin, miR-1906 mimic, artesunate, AEG-1 deletion, patchouli alcohol, and Bacteroides vulgatus) have been able to improve bone metabolism (i.e., inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation), which may partially attribute to the inhibition of TLR4 expression. The present review highlights the important role of TLR4 in the clinical significance and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis from the aspects of inflammation and immunity. Future therapeutic strategies targeting TLR4 may provide a new insight for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Du
- Educational Administration Department, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingzhi Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuezheng Lin
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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17
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Magazine N, Zhang T, Bungwon AD, McGee MC, Wu Y, Veggiani G, Huang W. Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:214-226. [PMID: 38427047 PMCID: PMC10985062 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of global vaccination programs in slowing the spread of COVID-19, these efforts have been hindered by the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 strains capable of evading prior immunity. The mutation and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 have created a demand for persistent efforts in vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein has been the primary target for COVID-19 vaccine development, but it is also the hotspot of mutations directly involved in host susceptibility and virus immune evasion. Our ability to predict emerging mutants and select conserved epitopes is critical for the development of a broadly neutralizing therapy or a universal vaccine. In this article, we review the general paradigm of immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, highlighting the immunological epitopes of Spike protein that are likely associated with eliciting protective immunity resulting from vaccination in humans. Specifically, we analyze the structural and evolutionary characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein related to immune activation and function via the TLRs, B cells, and T cells. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of immune epitopes of Spike protein, thereby contributing to the development of new strategies for broad neutralization or universal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Magazine
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Anang D. Bungwon
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Michael C. McGee
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Gianluca Veggiani
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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18
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Chao P, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang A, Wang Y, Chen X. Proteomics-based vaccine targets annotation and design of multi-epitope vaccine against antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus gallolyticus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4836. [PMID: 38418560 PMCID: PMC10901886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus is a non-motile, gram-positive bacterium that causes infective endocarditis. S. gallolyticus has developed resistance to existing antibiotics, and no vaccine is currently available. Therefore, it is essential to develop an effective S. gallolyticus vaccine. Core proteomics was used in this study together with subtractive proteomics and reverse vaccinology approach to find antigenic proteins that could be utilized for the design of the S. gallolyticus multi-epitope vaccine. The pipeline identified two antigenic proteins as potential vaccine targets: penicillin-binding protein and the ATP synthase subunit. T and B cell epitopes from the specific proteins were forecasted employing several immunoinformatics and bioinformatics resources. A vaccine (360 amino acids) was created using a combination of seven cytotoxic T cell lymphocyte (CTL), three helper T cell lymphocyte (HTL), and five linear B cell lymphocyte (LBL) epitopes. To increase immune responses, the vaccine was paired with a cholera enterotoxin subunit B (CTB) adjuvant. The developed vaccine was highly antigenic, non-allergenic, and stable for human use. The vaccine's binding affinity and molecular interactions with the human immunological receptor TLR4 were studied using molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MMGBSA), molecular docking, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation analyses. Escherichia coli (strain K12) plasmid vector pET-28a ( +) was used to examine the ability of the vaccine to be expressed. According to the outcomes of these computer experiments, the vaccine is quite promising in terms of developing a protective immunity against diseases. However, in vitro and animal research are required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chao
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Aiping Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.
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Fatima I, Alshabrmi FM, Aziz T, Alamri AS, Alhomrani M, Alghamdi S, Alghuraybi RA, Babalghith AO, Bamagous GA, Alhindi Z, Dablool AS, Alhhazmi AA, Alruways MW. Revolutionizing and identifying novel drug targets in Citrobacter koseri via subtractive proteomics and development of a multi-epitope vaccine using reverse vaccinology and immuno-informatics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38407210 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2316762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Citrobacter koseri is a gram-negative rod that has been linked to infections in people with significant comorbidities and immunocompromised immune systems. It is most commonly known to cause urinary tract infections. Thus, the development of an efficacious C. koseri vaccine is imperative, as the pathogen has acquired resistance to current antibiotics. Subtractive proteomics was employed during this research to identify potential antigenic proteins to design an effective vaccine against C. koseri. The pipeline identified two antigenic proteins as potential vaccine targets: DP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase and Arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase. B and T cell epitopes from the specific proteins were forecasted employing several immunoinformatic and bioinformatics resources. A vaccine was created using a combination of seven cytotoxic T cell lymphocytes (CTL), five helper T cell lymphocyte (HTL), and seven linear B cell lymphocyte (LBL) epitopes. An adjuvant (β-defensin) was added to the vaccine to enhance immunological responses. The created vaccine was stable for use in humans, highly antigenic, and non-allergenic. The vaccine's molecular and interactions binding affinity with the human immunological receptor TLR3 were studied using MMGBSA, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and molecular docking analyses. E. coli (strain-K12) plasmid vector pET-28a (+) was used to examine the ability of the vaccine to be expressed. The vaccine shows great promise in terms of developing protective immunity against diseases, based on the results of these computer experiments. However, in vitro and animal research are required to validate our findings.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Fatima
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Fahad M Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene, and Quality, Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta, Greece
| | - Abdulhakeem S Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Ahmad Alghuraybi
- Laboratory and Blood Bank Department, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health Makkah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department College of Medicine Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A Bamagous
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zain Alhindi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas S Dablool
- Public health Department, Health Sciences College at Al-Leith، Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A Alhhazmi
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael W Alruways
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Li D, Chen R, Huang C, Zhang G, Li Z, Xu X, Wang B, Li B, Chu XM. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and systems biology approaches to identify the interplay between COVID-19 and pericarditis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1264856. [PMID: 38455049 PMCID: PMC10918693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1264856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicating that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increased the incidence and related risks of pericarditis and whether COVID-19 vaccine is related to pericarditis has triggered research and discussion. However, mechanisms behind the link between COVID-19 and pericarditis are still unknown. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 with pericarditis at the gene level using bioinformatics analysis. Methods Genes associated with COVID-19 and pericarditis were collected from databases using limited screening criteria and intersected to identify the common genes of COVID-19 and pericarditis. Subsequently, gene ontology, pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction, and immune infiltration analyses were conducted. Finally, TF-gene, gene-miRNA, gene-disease, protein-chemical, and protein-drug interaction networks were constructed based on hub gene identification. Results A total of 313 common genes were selected, and enrichment analyses were performed to determine their biological functions and signaling pathways. Eight hub genes (IL-1β, CD8A, IL-10, CD4, IL-6, TLR4, CCL2, and PTPRC) were identified using the protein-protein interaction network, and immune infiltration analysis was then carried out to examine the functional relationship between the eight hub genes and immune cells as well as changes in immune cells in disease. Transcription factors, miRNAs, diseases, chemicals, and drugs with high correlation with hub genes were predicted using bioinformatics analysis. Conclusions This study revealed a common gene interaction network between COVID-19 and pericarditis. The screened functional pathways, hub genes, potential compounds, and drugs provided new insights for further research on COVID-19 associated with pericarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruolan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Banghui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Haici Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian-Ming Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Zacher C, Schönfelder K, Rohn H, Siffert W, Möhlendick B. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs4986790 (c.896A>G) in the gene TLR4 as a protective factor in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355193. [PMID: 38433829 PMCID: PMC10904585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Several factors, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, are known to influence the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is currently little information on genetic markers that influence the severity of COVID-19. In this study, we specifically investigated the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4986790 in the TLR4 gene to identify a universal marker for preclinical prediction of COVID-19 disease progression. Methods We analyzed the influence of demographics, pre-existing conditions, inflammatory parameters at the time of hospitalization, and TLR4 rs4986790 genotype on the outcome of COVID-19 in a comprehensive cohort (N = 1570). We performed multivariable analysis to investigate the impact of each factor. Results We confirmed that younger patient age and absence of pre-existing conditions were protective factors against disease progression. Furthermore, when comparing patients with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection with patients who required hospitalization or intensive care or even died due to COVID-19, the AG/GG genotype of TLR4 rs4986790 was found to be a protective factor against COVID-19 disease progression (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34 - 0.77, p = 0.001). In addition, we demonstrated that low levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and procalcitonin (PCT) had a favorable effect on COVID-19 disease severity. In the subsequent multivariable analysis, we confirmed the absence of cardiovascular disease, low levels of IL-6 and PCT, and TLR4 rs4986790 AG/GG genotypes as independent predictors of potential hospitalization and reduction of severe or fatal disease course. Conclusion In this study, we identified an additional genetic factor that may serve as an invariant predictor of COVID-19 outcome. The TLR4 rs4986790 AG/GG genotype reduced by half the risk of COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization, intensive care or to have a fatal outcome. In addition, we were able to confirm the influence of previously known factors such as pre-existing conditions and inflammatory markers upon the onset of disease on the course of COVID-19. Based on these observations, we hereby provide another prognostic biomarker that could be used in routine diagnostics as a predictive factor for the severity of COVID-19 prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zacher
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristina Schönfelder
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hana Rohn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Winfried Siffert
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Birte Möhlendick
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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22
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Qian C, Xu D, Wang J, Luo Y, Jin T, Huang L, Zhou Y, Cai Z, Jin B, Bao H, Wang Y. Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency ameliorates obesity-induced cardiomyopathy via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111551. [PMID: 38278067 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates that chronic low-grade inflammation, which is induced by high-fat diet (HFD) or saturated fatty acid, plays an important role in the obesity-induced cardiomyopathy (OIC) process. Moreover, obesity is associated with the activation of different inflammatory pathways, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Toll-like-receptor-2 (TLR2) and Toll-like-receptor-4 (TLR4). In this study, we established an HFD-induced cardiac injury mouse model and palmitate (PA)-induced myocardial cell model to evaluate the role of TLR2 in OIC. Our data show that TLR2 blockade using TLR2 knockout (KO) mice or a TLR2-specific inhibitor, C29, markedly ameliorated HFD- or PA-induced inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and hypertrophy both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the PA-induced myocardial cell injury was mediated via inducing the formation of TLR2-MyD88 complex in a TLR4-independent manner in cardiomyocytes. Our data prove the critical role of cardiac TLR2 in the pathogenesis of HFD- and saturated fatty acid-induced myocarditis, fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy, and cardiac dysfunction. Inhibition of TLR2 pathway may be a therapeutic strategy of OIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Qian
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Diyun Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiong Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyang Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijiang Huang
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yafen Zhou
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaohong Cai
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongdan Bao
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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23
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Guo Z, Xie Q, Ren Q, Liu Y, Li K, Li B, Li J. Enhancing immune regulation in vitro: the synergistic impact of 3'-sialyllactose and osteopontin in a nutrient blend following influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1271926. [PMID: 38426086 PMCID: PMC10902112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1271926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural components of breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and osteopontin (OPN) have been shown to have a variety of functional activities and are widely used in infant formulas. However, the preventive and therapeutic effects of both on influenza viruses are not known. In this study, antiviral assays using a human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEP-2) showed that 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and OPN had the best antiviral ability with IC50 values of 33.46 μM and 1.65 μM, respectively. 3'-SL (10 μM) and OPN (4 μM) were used in combination to achieve 75% inhibition. Further studies found that the combination of 200 μg/mL of 3'-SL with 500 μg/mL of OPN exerted the best antiviral ability. The reason for this was related to reduced levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS in relation to mRNA expression. Plaque assay and TCID50 assay found the same results and verified synergistic effects. Our research indicates that a combination of 3'-SL and OPN can effectively reduce inflammatory storms and exhibit anti-influenza virus effects through synergistic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Guo
- School of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Ren
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Li
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- School of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jufang Li
- Feihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, China
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24
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Manfrini N, Notarbartolo S, Grifantini R, Pesce E. SARS-CoV-2: A Glance at the Innate Immune Response Elicited by Infection and Vaccination. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:13. [PMID: 38390874 PMCID: PMC10885122 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to almost seven million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 causes infection through respiratory transmission and can occur either without any symptoms or with clinical manifestations which can be mild, severe or, in some cases, even fatal. Innate immunity provides the initial defense against the virus by sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and triggering signaling pathways that activate the antiviral and inflammatory responses, which limit viral replication and help the identification and removal of infected cells. However, temporally dysregulated and excessive activation of the innate immune response is deleterious for the host and associates with severe COVID-19. In addition to its defensive role, innate immunity is pivotal in priming the adaptive immune response and polarizing its effector function. This capacity is relevant in the context of both SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Manfrini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Grifantini
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
- CheckmAb Srl, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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25
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Kaur G, Bansal M, Rehman HM, Kaur M, Kaur A. Synthesis and studies of new purines/pyrimidine derivatives as multi-targeted agents involving various receptor sites in the immune system. Mol Divers 2024; 28:97-110. [PMID: 36853528 PMCID: PMC9972316 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammation, which is developed due to the increased production of cytokines, mainly interleukin-6 (IL-6), during the working of immune system pathways, becomes a major concern these days for many researchers. So, it is desired to design, screen, and synthesize new molecules with multi-parametric features showing their efficacy for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inhibiting the disease-causing receptor sites like viral infections, cancers, etc. along with controlling inflammation, fever, and other side effects during such pathways. Further, looking at the literature, curcumin a multi-targeted agent is showing its efficiency toward various receptor sites involved in many diseases as mentioned above. This fascinated us to build up new molecules which behave like curcumin with minimum side effects. In silico studies, involving ADMET studies, toxicological data, and docking analyses, of newly synthesized compounds (3-5) along with tautomers of curcumin i.e., (1-2), and some reported compounds like 9 and 10 have been studied in detail. Great emphasis has been made on analyzing binding energies, protein-ligand structural interactions, stabilization of newly synthesized molecules against various selected receptor sites using such computational tools. Compound 3 is the most efficient multifunctional agent, which has shown its potential toward most of the receptor sites in docking analysis. It has also responded well in Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation toward 5ZLN, 4RJ3, 4YO9, 4YOJ, and 1I1R sites. Finally, studies were extended to understand in vitro anti-inflammatory activity for particularly compound 3 in comparison to diclofenac and curcumin, which signifies the efficiency of compound 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurmeet Kaur
- Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Manisha Bansal
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India.
| | - Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, India
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26
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Kutlutürk I, Tokuç EÖ, Karabaş L, Rückert R, Kaya M, Karagöz A, Munk MR. How the immune response to the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 affects the retinal vascular endothelial cells: an immune thrombotic and/or endotheliopathy process with in silico modeling. Immunol Res 2024; 72:50-71. [PMID: 37642808 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic events associated with SARS-CoV-2 at the vascular endothelium still remains unclear. The aim of the current study is to determine the relationship between cellular proteins on the (ocular) vascular endothelial surface and the immune thrombotic and/or endotheliopathy process elicited by SARS-CoV-2 using an in-silico modeling. The structural S (spike glycoprotein), N (nucleocapsid protein), M (membrane protein), and E (envelope protein) proteins, an accessory protein (ORF1ab) of SARS-CoV-2 and 158 cellular proteins associated with retinal vascular endothelial cell surface or structure were included in this study for comparison of three-dimensional (3D) structure and sequence. Sixty-nine of the retinal proteins were obtained from the Uniprot database. Remaining proteins not included in the database were included in the study after they were converted into 3D structures using the RaptorX web tool. Sequence and three-dimensional structure of SARS-COV-2 S, N, M, E, ORF1ab proteins and retinal vascular endothelial proteins were compared with mTM-align server. Proteins with significant similarity (score above 0.5) were validated with the TM-align web server. Immune and thrombosis-related protein-receptor interactions of similar proteins was checked with CABS-dock. We detected a high level of structural similarity between E protein and ACE, ACE2, LAT1, and TM9SF4 endothelial proteins. In addition, PECAM-1 was found to be structurally similar to ORF1ab and S protein. When we evaluated the likelihood/potential to stimulate an immune responses/a cytokine release, TLR-2 and TLR-3, which are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV2, showed a potential receptor-protein interaction with retinal vascular endothelial proteins. Our study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 proteins may have structural similarities with vascular endothelial proteins, and therefore, as immunological target sites, the counterpart proteins on the endothelial surface of many organs may also be secondarily affected by any immune response against SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Kutlutürk
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ümraniye Trn. And Rch. Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ecem Önder Tokuç
- Ophthalmology Department, University of Health Science, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Izmit-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Levent Karabaş
- Ophthalmology Department, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Izmit-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ali Karagöz
- Koşuyolu High Specialization Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marion R Munk
- Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Augenarzt-Praxisgemeinschaft Gutblick AG, Bern, Switzerland
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27
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Li J, Wang Y, Zhao W, Yang T, Zhang Q, Yang H, Li X, Tong Z. Multi-omics analysis reveals overactive inflammation and dysregulated metabolism in severe community-acquired pneumonia patients. Respir Res 2024; 25:45. [PMID: 38243232 PMCID: PMC10797892 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe community-acquired pneumonia (S-CAP) is a public health threat, making it essential to identify novel biomarkers and investigate the underlying mechanisms of disease severity. METHODS Here, we profiled host responses to S-CAP through proteomics analysis of plasma samples from a cohort of S-CAP patients, non-severe (NS)-CAP patients, diseases controls (DCs), and healthy controls (HCs). Then, typical differentially expressed proteins were then validated by ELISA in an independent cohort. Metabolomics analysis was further performed on both the cohort 1 and cohort 2. Then, the proteomic and metabolomic signatures were compared between the adult and child cohorts to explore the characteristics of severe pneumonia patients. RESULTS There were clear differences between CAP patients and controls, as well as substantial differences between the S-CAP and NS-CAP. Pathway analysis of changes revealed excessive inflammation, suppressed immunity, and lipid metabolic disorders in S-CAP cases. Interestingly, comparing these signatures between the adult and child cohorts confirmed that overactive inflammation and dysregulated lipid metabolism were common features of S-CAP patients, independent of age. The change proportion of glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and sphingolipids were obviously different in the adult and child S-CAP cases. CONCLUSION The plasma multi-omics profiling revealed that excessive inflammation, suppressed humoral immunity, and disordered metabolism are involved in S-CAP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Li
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Workers Stadium South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Workers Stadium South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weichao Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Workers Stadium South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Workers Stadium South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Workers Stadium South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Huqin Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Workers Stadium South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Workers Stadium South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Workers Stadium South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
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28
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Hanafy KA, Jovin TG. Brain FADE syndrome: the final common pathway of chronic inflammation in neurological disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1332776. [PMID: 38304427 PMCID: PMC10830639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1332776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance While the understanding of inflammation in the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases is now accepted, this special commentary addresses the need to study chronic inflammation in the propagation of cognitive Fog, Asthenia, and Depression Related to Inflammation which we name Brain FADE syndrome. Patients with Brain FADE syndrome fall in the void between neurology and psychiatry because the depression, fatigue, and fog seen in these patients are not idiopathic, but instead due to organic, inflammation involved in neurological disease initiation. Observations A review of randomized clinical trials in stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, COVID, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease reveal a paucity of studies with any component of Brain FADE syndrome as a primary endpoint. Furthermore, despite the relatively well-accepted notion that inflammation is a critical driving factor in these disease pathologies, none have connected chronic inflammation to depression, fatigue, or fog despite over half of the patients suffering from them. Conclusions and relevance Brain FADE Syndrome is important and prevalent in the neurological diseases we examined. Classical "psychiatric medications" are insufficient to address Brain FADE Syndrome and a novel approach that utilizes sequential targeting of innate and adaptive immune responses should be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Hanafy
- Cooper Neurological Institute and Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
- Center for Neuroinflammation at Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Tudor G Jovin
- Cooper Neurological Institute and Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
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29
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Pastis I, Santos MG, Paruchuri A. Exploring the role of inflammation in major depressive disorder: beyond the monoamine hypothesis. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 17:1282242. [PMID: 38299049 PMCID: PMC10829100 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1282242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder affects approximately 8.4% of the United States population. The World Health Organization estimates that 280 million adults worldwide are suffering from depression. They have estimated that by 2030 it will be the second most serious condition. Current treatment relies on the monoamine hypothesis, however, one-third of patients with MDD do not respond to monoamine-based antidepressants. For years, it was hypothesized that the primary pathway of MDD involved serotonin as the main neurotransmitter. The monoamine hypothesis, a widely accepted theory, sought to explain the biological basis of MDD as being caused by the depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters, namely norepinephrine and serotonin. This hypothesis regarding monoamines as the pathophysiological basis of MDD led to the design and widespread use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. However, given that only one-third of patients improve with SSRI it is reasonable to infer that the pathway involved is more complex than once hypothesized and there are more neurotransmitters, receptors, and molecules involved. The monoamine hypothesis does not explain why there is a delay in the onset of effect and action of SSRIs. Several studies have demonstrated that chronic stress is a risk factor for the development of MDD. Thus the monoamine hypothesis alone is not enough to fully account for the pathophysiology of MDD highlighting the need for further research involving the pathways of MDD. In this paper, we review the role of inflammation and cytokines on MDD and discuss other pathways involved in the development and persistence of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pastis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Melody G. Santos
- Internal Medicine and Psychiatry Combined Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Akshita Paruchuri
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States
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30
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Zhang C, Zhao Z, Jia YJ, Zhang PQ, Sun Y, Zhou YC, Wang GX, Zhu B. Rationally Designed Self-Assembling Nanovaccines Elicit Robust Mucosal and Systemic Immunity against Rhabdovirus. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:228-244. [PMID: 38055273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases have constantly caused great threats to global public health, resulting in an urgent need for effective vaccines. However, the current viral vaccines often show low immunogenicity. To counter this, we report a smart strategy of a well-designed modular nanoparticle (LSG-TDH) that recapitulates the dominant antigen SG, low-molecular-weight protamine, and tetralysine-modified H-chain apoferritin (TDH). The constructed LSG-TDH nanovaccine could self-assemble into a nanocage structure, which confers excellent mucus-penetrating, cellular affinity, and uptake ability. Studies demonstrate that the LSG-TDH nanovaccine could strongly activate both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Importantly, by immunizing wild-type and TLR2 knockout (TLR2-KO) zebrafish, we found that TLR2 could mediate LSG-TDH-induced adaptive mucosal and systemic immune responses by activating antigen-presenting cells. Collectively, our findings offer new insights into rational viral vaccine design and provide additional evidence of the vital role of TLR2 in regulating adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Jun Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Qi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Can Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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31
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Chau CW, Sugimura R. Organoids in COVID-19: can we break the glass ceiling? J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:85-99. [PMID: 37616269 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 emerged in September 2020 as a disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. The disease presented as pneumonia at first but later was shown to cause multisystem infections and long-term complications. Many efforts have been put into discovering the exact pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we aim to discuss an emerging tool in disease modeling, organoids, in the investigation of COVID-19. This review will introduce some methods and breakthroughs achieved by organoids and the limitations of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu Wang Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam 99077, Hong Kong
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam 99077, Hong Kong
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, 17 Science Park W Ave, Science Park 999077, Hong Kong
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32
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Nguyen HTT, Watson AJ, Lao Q, Li A, Zhu J. Integrin α 5β 1 contributes to cell fusion and inflammation mediated by SARS-CoV-2 spike via RGD-independent interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311913120. [PMID: 38060559 PMCID: PMC10723138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311913120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infects host cells by engaging its spike (S) protein with human ACE2 receptor. Recent studies suggest the involvement of integrins in SARS-CoV-2 infection through interaction with the S protein, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. This study investigated the role of integrin α5β1, which recognizes the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif in its physiological ligands, in S-mediated virus entry and cell-cell fusion. Our results showed that α5β1 does not directly contribute to S-mediated cell entry, but it enhances S-mediated cell-cell fusion in collaboration with ACE2. This effect cannot be inhibited by the putative α5β1 inhibitor ATN-161 or the high-affinity RGD-mimetic inhibitor MK-0429 but requires the participation of α5 cytoplasmic tail (CT). We detected a direct interaction between α5β1 and the S protein, but this interaction does not rely on the RGD-containing receptor binding domain of the S1 subunit of the S protein. Instead, it involves the S2 subunit of the S protein and α5β1 homo-oligomerization. Furthermore, we found that the S protein induces inflammatory responses in human endothelial cells, characterized by NF-κB activation, gasdermin D cleavage, and increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. These effects can be attenuated by the loss of α5 expression or inhibition of the α5 CT binding protein phosphodiesterase-4D (PDE4D), suggesting the involvement of α5 CT and PDE4D pathway. These findings provide molecular insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 mediated by a nonclassical RGD-independent ligand-binding and signaling function of integrin α5β1 and suggest potential targets for antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Zhengli Wang
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Huong T. T. Nguyen
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Abigail J. Watson
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Qifang Lao
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - An Li
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
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Yoshimura J, Togami Y, Ebihara T, Matsumoto H, Mitsuyama Y, Sugihara F, Hirata H, Okuzaki D, Ogura H. Classification of patients with COVID-19 by blood RNA endotype: a prospective cohort study. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0264523. [PMID: 37966347 PMCID: PMC10715063 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02645-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this study, whole-blood RNAs (prolactin and toll-like receptor 3) involved in the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 were identified. The RNA endotypes classified by these important RNAs highlight the possibility of stratifying the COVID-19 patient population and the need for targeted therapy based on these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Yoshimura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Togami
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ebihara
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hisatake Matsumoto
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yumi Mitsuyama
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Core Instrumentation Facility, Immunology Frontier Research Center and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Genomics), WPI Immunology Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Magalhães VG, Lukassen S, Drechsler M, Loske J, Burkart SS, Wüst S, Jacobsen EM, Röhmel J, Mall MA, Debatin KM, Eils R, Autenrieth S, Janda A, Lehmann I, Binder M. Immune-epithelial cell cross-talk enhances antiviral responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 in children. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57912. [PMID: 37818799 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing severe COVID-19 rises dramatically with age. Schoolchildren are significantly less likely than older people to die from SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this age-dependence are unknown. In primary infections, innate immunity is critical due to the lack of immune memory. Children, in particular, have a significantly stronger interferon response due to a primed state of their airway epithelium. In single-cell transcriptomes of nasal turbinates, we find increased frequencies of immune cells and stronger cytokine-mediated interactions with epithelial cells, resulting in increased epithelial expression of viral sensors (RIG-I, MDA5) via IRF1. In vitro, adolescent peripheral blood mononuclear cells produce more cytokines, priming A549 cells for stronger interferon responses to SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, our findings suggest that increased numbers of immune cells in the airways of children and enhanced cytokine-based interactions with epithelial cells tune the setpoint of the epithelial antiviral system. Our findings shed light on the molecular basis of children's remarkable resistance to COVID-19 and may suggest a novel concept for immunoprophylactic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Magalhães
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sören Lukassen
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Drechsler
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Loske
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandy S Burkart
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Wüst
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Jacobsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jobst Röhmel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Associated Partner, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Associated Partner, Berlin, Germany
- Health Data Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stella Autenrieth
- Research Group "Dendritic Cells in Infection and Cancer" (F171), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aleš Janda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Irina Lehmann
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Associated Partner, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Binder
- Research Group "Dynamics of Early Viral Infection and the Innate Antiviral Response", Division Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Naidoo L, Arumugam T, Ramsuran V. Host Genetic Impact on Infectious Diseases among Different Ethnic Groups. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:2300181. [PMID: 38099246 PMCID: PMC10716055 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202300181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) are problematic globally, with high prevalence particularly in Africa, attributing to most of the death rates. There have been immense efforts toward developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies for these pathogens globally, however, some remain uncured. Disease susceptibility and progression for malaria, TB, HIV, and COVID-19 vary among individuals and are attributed to precautionary measures, environment, host, and pathogen genetics. While studying individuals with similar attributes, it is suggested that host genetics contributes to most of an individual's susceptibility to disease. Several host genes are identified to associate with these pathogens. Interestingly, many of these genes and polymorphisms are common across diseases. This paper analyzes genes and genetic variations within host genes associated with HIV, TB, malaria, and COVID-19 among different ethnic groups. The differences in host-pathogen interaction among these groups, particularly of Caucasian and African descent, and which gene polymorphisms are prevalent in an African population that possesses protection or risk to disease are reviewed. The information in this review could potentially help develop personalized treatment that could effectively combat the high disease burden in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Naidoo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
| | - Thilona Arumugam
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA)University of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
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Himeno Y, Tateishi T, Irie KI, Ueno S, Morimitsu M, Mizoguchi S, Koga T, Taniwaki T. Association of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination and Infection: A Case Report of Cortical Encephalitis and Transverse Myelitis Relapse. Intern Med 2023; 62:3549-3554. [PMID: 37743511 PMCID: PMC10749814 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2471-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report a case of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) that occurred following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and its subsequent relapse after COVID-19 infection. A 34-year-old woman developed cortical encephalitis in the right temporoparietal lobe one week after receiving the mRNA-1273 vaccine. The cerebrospinal fluid was positive for anti-MOG antibody. Her symptoms gradually improved after three courses of intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. Six months later, she experienced a relapse of transverse myelitis following COVID-19 infection. Despite treatment with plasma exchange, the patient remained paralyzed in both lower limbs. We herein review the relationship between MOGAD and COVID-19 vaccination/infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Himeno
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahisa Tateishi
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Irie
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ueno
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Makoto Morimitsu
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shino Mizoguchi
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tamon Koga
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takayuki Taniwaki
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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Han B, Lv Y, Moser D, Zhou X, Woehrle T, Han L, Osterman A, Rudelius M, Choukér A, Lei P. ACE2-independent SARS-CoV-2 virus entry through cell surface GRP78 on monocytes - evidence from a translational clinical and experimental approach. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104869. [PMID: 37967509 PMCID: PMC10679867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells via an ACE2/TMPRSS2 entry mechanism. Monocytes and macrophages, which play a key role during severe COVID-19 express only low or no ACE2, suggesting alternative entry mechanisms in these cells. In silico analyses predicted GRP78, which is constitutively expressed on monocytes and macrophages, to be a potential candidate receptor for SARS-CoV-2 virus entry. METHODS Hospitalized COVID-19 patients were characterized regarding their pro-inflammatory state and cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) expression in comparison to healthy controls. RNA from CD14+ monocytes of patients and controls were subjected to transcriptome analysis that was specifically complemented by bioinformatic re-analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) datasets of COVID-19 patients with a focus on monocyte/macrophage subsets, SARS-CoV-2 infection state as well as GRP78 gene expression. Monocyte and macrophage immunohistocytochemistry on GRP78 was conducted in post-mortem lung tissues. SARS-CoV-2 spike and GRP78 protein interaction was analyzed by surface plasmon resonance, GST Pull-down and Co-Immunoprecipitation. SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus or single spike protein uptake was quantified in csGRP78high THP-1 cells. FINDINGS Cytokine patterns, monocyte activation markers and transcriptomic changes indicated typical COVID-19 associated inflammation accompanied by upregulated csGRP78 expression on peripheral blood and lung monocytes/macrophages. Subsequent cell culture experiments confirmed an association between elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and upregulation of csGRP78. Interaction of csGRP78 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with a dissociation constant of KD = 55.2 nM was validated in vitro. Infection rate analyses in ACE2low and GRP78high THP-1 cells showed increased uptake of pseudovirus expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate that csGRP78 acts as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to mediate ACE2-independent virus entry into monocytes. FUNDING Funded by the Sino-German-Center for Science Promotion (C-0040) and the Germany Ministry BMWi/K [DLR-grant 50WB1931 and RP1920 to AC, DM, TW].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Laboratory of Translational Research 'Stress and Immunity', Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yibing Lv
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dominique Moser
- Laboratory of Translational Research 'Stress and Immunity', Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tobias Woehrle
- Laboratory of Translational Research 'Stress and Immunity', Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lianyong Han
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Osterman
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Choukér
- Laboratory of Translational Research 'Stress and Immunity', Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Okuma N, Ito MA, Shimizu T, Hasegawa A, Ohmori S, Yoshida K, Matsuoka I. Amplification of poly(I:C)-induced interleukin-6 production in human bronchial epithelial cells by priming with interferon-γ. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21067. [PMID: 38030681 PMCID: PMC10687102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 was associated with disease severity in patients with COVID-19. The mechanism underlying the excessive IL-6 production by SARS-Cov-2 infection remains unclear. Respiratory viruses initially infect nasal or bronchial epithelial cells that produce various inflammatory mediators. Here, we show that pretreatment of human bronchial epithelial cells (NCl-H292) with interferon (IFN)-γ (10 ng/mL) markedly increased IL-6 production induced by the toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 agonist poly(I:C) (1 µg/mL) from 0.4 ± 0.1 to 4.1 ± 0.4 ng/mL (n = 3, P < 0.01). A similar effect was observed in human alveolar A549 and primary bronchial epithelial cells. TLR3 knockdown using siRNA in NCl-H292 cells diminished the priming effects of IFN-γ on poly(I:C)-induced IL-6 production. Furthermore, the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor tofacitinib (1 µM) inhibited IFN-γ-induced upregulation of TLR3, and suppressed poly(I:C)-induced IL-6 production. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that IFN-γ stimulated histone modifications at the IL-6 gene locus. Finally, IFN-γ priming significantly increased lung IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in poly(I:C)-administrated mice. Thus, priming bronchial epithelial cells with IFN-γ increases poly(I:C)-induced IL-6 production via JAK-dependent TLR3 upregulation and chromatin remodeling at the IL-6 gene locus. These mechanisms may be involved in severe respiratory inflammation following infection with RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Okuma
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Japan Community Health Care Organization Gunma Chuo Hospital, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, 371-0025, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Ito
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuya Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Shin'ya Ohmori
- Laboratory of Allergy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
| | - Isao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan
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Gao Z, Zhai X, Yan G, Tian Y, Huang X, Wu Q, Yuan L, Su L. Bioinformatics analyses of gene expression profile to identify pathogenic mechanisms for COVID-19 infection and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1268912. [PMID: 38022551 PMCID: PMC10644101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The global mortality rates have surged due to the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), leading to a worldwide catastrophe. Increasing incidents of patients suffering from cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) exacerbations after either contracting COVID-19 or getting immunized against it, have been observed in recent research. However, the precise intricacies that prompt this unexpected complication are yet to be fully elucidated. This investigation seeks to probe into the molecular events inciting this adverse outcome. Method Gene expression patterns from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, specifically GSE171110 and GSE109248, were extracted. We then discovered common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both COVID-19 and CLE. This led to the creation of functional annotations, formation of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and identification of key genes. Furthermore, regulatory networks relating to these shared DEGs and significant genes were constructed. Result We identified 214 overlapping DEGs in both COVID-19 and CLE datasets. The following functional enrichment analysis of these DEGs highlighted a significant enrichment in pathways related to virus response and infectious disease in both conditions. Next, a PPI network was constructed using bioinformatics tools, resulting in the identification of 5 hub genes. Finally, essential regulatory networks including transcription factor-gene and miRNA-gene interactions were determined. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate shared pathogenesis between COVID-19 and CLE, offering potential insights for future mechanistic investigations. And the identification of common pathways and key genes in these conditions may provide novel avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Gao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Xinchao Zhai
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Guoqing Yan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Yao Tian
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Xia Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Qingchao Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Linchong Su
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
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Magazine N, Zhang T, Bungwon AD, McGee MC, Wu Y, Veggiani G, Huang W. Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564184. [PMID: 37961687 PMCID: PMC10634854 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of global vaccination programs in slowing the spread of COVID-19, these efforts have been hindered by the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 strains capable of evading prior immunity. The mutation and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 have created a demand for persistent efforts in vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein has been the primary target for COVID-19 vaccine development, but it is also the hotspot of mutations directly involved in host susceptibility and immune evasion. Our ability to predict emerging mutants and select conserved epitopes is critical for the development of a broadly neutralizing therapy or a universal vaccine. In this article, we review the general paradigm of immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, highlighting the immunological epitopes of Spike protein that are likely associated with eliciting protective immunity resulting from vaccination. Specifically, we analyze the structural and evolutionary characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein related to immune activation and function via the toll-like receptors (TLRs), B cells, and T cells. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of immune epitopes of Spike protein, thereby contributing to the development of new strategies for broad neutralization or universal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Magazine
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Anang D. Bungwon
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Michael C. McGee
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Gianluca Veggiani
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Tana C, Moffa L, Falasca K, Vecchiet J, Tana M, Mantini C, Ricci F, Ticinesi A, Meschi T, Cipollone F, Giamberardino MA. Approach to COVID-19 in older adults and indications for improving the outcomes. Ann Med 2023; 55:2265298. [PMID: 37839411 PMCID: PMC10578089 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2265298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 continues to present challenges in the care of older adults with frailty and/or comorbidities and very old patients, who can be hospitalized with severe COVID-19 despite full vaccination. Frailty is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by an increased aging-related vulnerability due to a reduced physiological reserve and function of systemic organs, and is associated with an impairment of activities of daily living. Frail older adults remain at elevated risk of mortality from COVID-19 compared to older adults without frailty, and some pre-existing risk factors such as malnutrition, prolonged bed rest, and the association with comorbidities can aggravate the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the severity of COVID-19 can impact on long-term functioning of older patients surviving from the infection. Persistent symptoms are another emerging problem of the post-vaccination phase of pandemic, as most patients suffer from chronic symptoms which can become debilitating and affect the daily routine. Aim of this review: In this complex relationship, the evaluation of COVID-19 in vulnerable categories is still a matter of high interest and personalized care plans based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment, tailored interventions; specific therapeutic algorithms among older adults are thus recommended in order to improve the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tana
- Geriatrics Clinic, SS Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Livia Moffa
- Infectious Disease Department and COVID-19 Unit, University Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Katia Falasca
- Infectious Disease Department and COVID-19 Unit, University Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vecchiet
- Infectious Disease Department and COVID-19 Unit, University Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Tana
- Internal Medicine Unit, SS. Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cesare Mantini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D’Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D’Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Ticinesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Italy and Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Meschi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Italy and Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Cipollone
- Medical Clinic, SS. Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, "G. D’Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Adele Giamberardino
- Geriatrics Clinic, SS Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Carlson KB, Nguyen C, Wcisel DJ, Yoder JA, Dornburg A. Ancient fish lineages illuminate toll-like receptor diversification in early vertebrate evolution. Immunogenetics 2023; 75:465-478. [PMID: 37555888 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-023-01315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Since its initial discovery over 50 years ago, understanding the evolution of the vertebrate RAG- mediated adaptive immune response has been a major area of research focus for comparative geneticists. However, how the evolutionary novelty of an adaptive immune response impacted the diversity of receptors associated with the innate immune response has received considerably less attention until recently. Here, we investigate the diversification of vertebrate toll-like receptors (TLRs), one of the most ancient and well conserved innate immune receptor families found across the Tree of Life, integrating genomic data that represent all major vertebrate lineages with new transcriptomic data from Polypteriformes, the earliest diverging ray-finned fish lineage. Our analyses reveal TLR sequences that reflect the 6 major TLR subfamilies, TLR1, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR11, and also currently unnamed, yet phylogenetically distinct TLR clades. We additionally recover evidence for a pulse of gene gain coincident with the rise of the RAG-mediated adaptive immune response in jawed vertebrates, followed by a period of rapid gene loss during the Cretaceous. These gene losses are primarily concentrated in marine teleost fish and synchronous with the mid Cretaceous anoxic event, a period of rapid extinction for marine species. Finally, we reveal a mismatch between phylogenetic placement and gene nomenclature for up to 50% of TLRs found in clades such as ray-finned fishes, cyclostomes, amphibians, and elasmobranchs. Collectively, these results provide an unparalleled perspective of TLR diversity and offer a ready framework for testing gene annotations in non-model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara B Carlson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Academy, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Cameron Nguyen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Dustin J Wcisel
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Academy, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
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Wu W, Cheng C, Yuan D, Peng L, Li L. Explore intersection genes of oxymatrine and COVID-19 with lung cancer as potential therapeutic targets based on network pharmacology. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37855710 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Oxymatrine is a natural quinazine alkaloid extracted from Sophora flavescens and has many medicinal values. Oxymatrine showed protective effects, viral inhibition and effects against lung cancer.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Individuals with lung cancer exhibit heightened vulnerability to COVID-19 infection due to compromised immune function. In conjunction with COVID-19, it is hypothesized that oxymatrine may exert potent pharmacological effects on lung cancer patients.Aim. The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacological mechanisms and targets of oxymatrine in relation to COVID-19 lung cancer.Methodology. Utilizing network pharmacology analysis, a selection of 2628 genes were identified as co-targets for both COVID-19 and lung cancer. Subsequently, a clinicopathological analysis was conducted by integrating RNA-Seq and clinical data obtained from the TCGA-LUAD lung cancer dataset, which was acquired from the official TCGA website. The identification of pharmacological targets for oxymatrine was accomplished through the utilization of various databases including Pharm mapper, SWISS Target prediction, and STITCH. These identified targets were further investigated for protein-protein interaction (PPI) using STRING, as well as for gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways.Results. The effects of oxymatrine on COVID-19-induced lung cancer were mediated by immune regulation, cytoprotection, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities, immune regulation, and control of related signalling pathways, including the formation of the neutrophil extracellular trap, phagosome, Toll-like receptor signalling pathway, apoptosis, proteoglycans in cancer, extracellular matrix disassembly, and proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism. Furthermore, important substances and genes like ALB, MMP3, MMP1, and TLR4 may affect how oxymatrine suppresses lung cancer/COVID-19 development.Conclusion. To treat COVID-19 or lung cancer paired with COVID-19, oxymatrine may improve the therapeutic efficacy of current clinical antiviral medicines and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Chuan Cheng
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Li Peng
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
| | - Le Li
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, PR China
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Najimi N, Zahednasab H, Farahmand M, Fouladvand A, Talei GR, Bouzari B, Khanizadeh S, Karampoor S. Exploring the role of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and associations with inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A case-control study. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106300. [PMID: 37567323 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS) is a critical enzyme involved in protein synthesis, responsible for charging tRNA with the essential amino acid tryptophan. Recent studies have highlighted its novel role in stimulating innate immunity against bacterial and viral infections. However, the significance of WRS in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the complex interplay between WRS, inflammatory markers, Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. A case-control investigation comprised 127 COVID-19 patients, carefully classified as severe or moderate upon admission, and 112 healthy individuals as a comparative group. Blood samples were meticulously collected before treatment initiation, and WRS, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were quantified using a well-established commercial ELISA kit. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the blood samples, and RNA was extracted for cDNA synthesis. Semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to assess the relative expression of TLR-4. COVID-19 patients exhibited elevated levels of WRS, IL-6, CRP, and TLR-4 expression compared to healthy individuals, with the severe group displaying significantly higher levels than the moderate group. Notably, severe patients demonstrated substantial fluctuations in CRP, IL-6, and WRS levels over time, a pattern not observed in their moderate counterparts. Although no significant distinctions were observed in the dynamic alterations of WRS, IL-6, CRP, and TLR-4 expression between deceased and surviving patients, a trend emerged indicating higher IL-6_1 levels in deceased patients and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in severe patients who succumbed to the disease. This pioneering research highlights the dynamic alterations of WRS in COVID-19 patients, providing valuable insights into the correlation between WRS, inflammatory markers, and disease severity within this population. Understanding the role of WRS in SARS-CoV-2 infection may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting innate immunity to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Najimi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamid Zahednasab
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Research Center for Emergency and Disaster Resilience, Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Fouladvand
- Hepatitis Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Talei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bouzari
- Department of Pathology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyad Khanizadeh
- Hepatitis Research Center, Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wei J, Zhang Y, Li H, Wang F, Yao S. Toll-like receptor 4: A potential therapeutic target for multiple human diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115338. [PMID: 37595428 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diseases. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as an intrinsic immune receptor, exhibits widespread in vivo expression and its dysregulation significantly contributes to the onset of various diseases, encompassing cardiovascular disorders, neoplastic conditions, and inflammatory ailments. This comprehensive review centers on elucidating the architectural and distributive characteristics of TLR4, its conventional signaling pathways, and its mode of action in diverse disease contexts. Ultimately, this review aims to propose novel avenues and therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Haopeng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Fuquan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
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Isaza-Correa J, Ryan L, Kelly L, Allen J, Melo A, Jones J, Huggard D, Ryan E, Ó Maoldomhnaigh C, Geoghehan S, Gavin P, Leahy TR, Butler K, Freyne B, Molloy EJ. Innate immune dysregulation in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Sci Rep 2023; 13:16463. [PMID: 37777557 PMCID: PMC10542373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MIS-C is a systemic inflammation disorder with poorly characterised immunopathological mechanisms. We compared changes in the systemic immune response in children with MIS-C (n = 12, 5-13 years) to healthy controls (n = 14, 5-15 years). Analysis was done in whole blood treated with LPS. Expression of CD11b and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) in neutrophils and monocytes were analysed by flow cytometry. Serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-Ira, TNF-α, TNF-β, IFN-Υ, VEGF, EPO and GM-CSF) and mRNA levels of inflammasome molecules (NLRP3, ASC and IL-1β) were evaluated. Subpopulations of lymphocytes (CD3+, CD19+, CD56+, CD4+, CD8+, TCR Vδ1+, TCR Vδ2+) were assessed at basal levels. Absolute counts of neutrophils and NLR were high in children with MIS-C while absolute counts of lymphocytes were low. Children with MIS-C had increased levels of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-β and VEGF serum cytokines at the basal level, and significantly increased TNF-β post-LPS, compared to controls. IL-1RA and EPO decreased at baseline and post-LPS in MIS-C patients compared to controls. The percentage of CD3+ cells, NK cells and Vδ1 was lower while B cells were higher in children with MIS-C than in controls. Dysregulated immune response in children with MIS-C was evident and may be amenable to immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Isaza-Correa
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Ryan
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lynne Kelly
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Allen
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashanty Melo
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dean Huggard
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer Ryan
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sarah Geoghehan
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Gavin
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Timothy Ronan Leahy
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karina Butler
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bridget Freyne
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRiCC), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Infectious Diseases/Immunology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Neonatology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Neurodisability, Children's Health Ireland at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland.
- Neonatology, The Coombe Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.
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47
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Fields NJ, Palmer KR, Nisi A, Marshall SA. Preeclampsia to COVID-19: A journey towards improved placental and vascular function using sulforaphane. Placenta 2023; 141:84-93. [PMID: 37591715 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Excess inflammation and oxidative stress are common themes in many pathologies of pregnancy including preeclampsia and more recently severe COVID-19. The risk of preeclampsia increases following maternal infection with COVID-19, potentially relating to significant overlap in pathophysiology with endothelial, vascular and immunological dysfunction common to both. Identifying a therapy which addresses these injurious processes and stabilises the endothelial and vascular maternal system would help address the significant global burden of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality they cause. Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring phytonutrient found most densely within cruciferous vegetables. It has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immune modulating properties via upregulation of phase-II detoxification enzymes. This review will cover the common pathways shared by COVID-19 and preeclampsia and offer a potential therapeutic target via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor upregulation in the form of sulforaphane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville J Fields
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kirsten R Palmer
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Nisi
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah A Marshall
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Huang Y, Fang Y, Jie H, Yang H, Zhou W, Chen Y, Zhong B. Network pharmacology and molecular docking to scientifically validate the potential mechanism of Lonicerae japonicae flos in the clinical treatment of COVID-19. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37732603 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2260070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Using network pharmacology and molecular docking, we predicted the potential mechanisms of Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF) therapy for COVID-19. A total of 493 component-related targets and 6,233 COVID-19-related genes were identified, and 267 core genes with overlapping of the two types of genes were identified. The target AKT1, CASP3, IL1B, IL6, PTGS2, TNF and JUN were the hub genes in PPI network according to MCODE score. Component-Target analysis showed the close relationship between targets and components. The results of functional enrichment analyses revealed that LJF exerted pharmacological effects on COVID-19 by regulating IL-17 signalling pathway, TNF signalling pathway, AGE-RAGE signalling pathway in diabetic complications, and Toll-like receptor signalling pathway. Finally, molecular docking confirmed a strong binding affinity between the 7 main active components with the hub genes. The findings suggested that beta-sitosterol, kaempferol and luteolin might be the promising leading components due to their good molecular docking scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Jie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongbiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
| | - Baolin Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, P.R. China
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49
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Fathollahi M, Motamedi H, Hossainpour H, Abiri R, Shahlaei M, Moradi S, Dashtbin S, Moradi J, Alvandi A. Designing a novel multi-epitopes pan-vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza: in silico and immunoinformatics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37723861 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2258420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The merger of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza infections is considered a potentially serious threat to public health. These two viral agents can cause extensive and severe lower and upper respiratory tract infections with lung damage with host factors. Today, the development of vaccination has been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalization and mortality from the COVID-19 virus and influenza epidemics. Therefore, this study contributes to an immunoinformatics approach to producing a vaccine that can elicit strong and specific immune responses against COVID-19 and influenza A and B viruses. The NCBI, GISAID, and Uniprot databases were used to retrieve sequences. Linear B cell, Cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and Helper T lymphocyte epitopes were predicted using the online servers. Population coverage of MHC I epitopes worldwide for SARS-CoV-2, Influenza virus H3N2, H3N2, and Yamagata/Victoria were 99.93%, 68.67%, 68.38%, and 85.45%, respectively. Candidate epitopes were linked by GGGGS, GPGPG, and KK linkers. Different epitopes were permutated several times to form different peptides and then screened for antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. The vaccine construct was analyzed for physicochemical properties, conformational B-cell epitopes, interaction with Toll-like receptors, and IFN-gamma-induced. Immune stimulation response of final construct was evaluated using C-IMMSIM. Eventually, the final construct sequence was codon-optimized for Escherichia coli K12 and Homo sapiens to design a multi-epitope vaccine and mRNA vaccine. In conclusion, due to the variable nature of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza proteins, the design of a multi-epitope vaccine can protect against all their standard variants, but laboratory validation is required.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Fathollahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Motamedi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadi Hossainpour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shirin Dashtbin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jale Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhooshang Alvandi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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50
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Gotay W, Rodrigues R, Yaochite J. Influence of host genetic polymorphisms involved in immune response and their role in the development of Chikungunya disease: a review. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12557. [PMID: 37703107 PMCID: PMC10496760 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes and can cause significant pathogenicity in humans. Moreover, its importance has increased in the Americas since 2013. The primary vectors for viral delivery are the mosquito species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Several factors, including host genetic variations and immune response against CHIKV, influence the outcomes of Chikungunya disease. This work aimed to gather information about different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that influence the host immune response during an infection by CHIKV. The viral characteristics, disease epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and immune response against CHIKV are also addressed. The main immune molecules related to this arboviral disease elucidated in this review are TLR3/7/8, DC-SIGN, HLA-DRB1/HLA-DQB1, TNF, IL1RN, OAS2/3, and CRP. Advances in knowledge about the genetic basis of the immune response during CHIKV infection are essential for expanding the understanding of disease pathophysiology, providing new genetic markers for prognosis, and identifying molecular targets for the development of new drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.J.P. Gotay
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R.O. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J.N.U. Yaochite
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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