1
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Chatzidimitriou E, Davis H, Baranski M, Jakobsen J, Seal C, Leifert C, Butler G. Variation in nutritional quality in UK retail eggs. Food Chem 2024; 454:139783. [PMID: 38795627 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA), carotenoid and vitamin contents of UK eggs were assessed for four production systems (caged (CA), free-range (FR), organic (OR) and extensive organic (EO)) as well as season. The impact of enforced housing, due to avian influenza, was also investigated. Production system did not alter vitamin D3, B2 or B9 content, but significantly influenced nutritionally desirable FA, carotenoid and vitamins A and E - concentrations decreased as production intensity increased, although for most, CA and FR did not differ significantly. Vitamin E and FA profiles for OR and EO were also similar, although carotenoids were higher in EO eggs. In contrast, FA, carotenoids, vitamins E and B9 were consistent throughout the year, unlike vitamins A, D3 and B2, which fluctuated with season; D and B2 were higher in July than January and lower vitamin A was the only detected implication from enforced housing of FR and OR birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Chatzidimitriou
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Foodscale Hub, Leontos Sofou 20, 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hannah Davis
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Marcin Baranski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, BRAINCITY, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jette Jakobsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 201, 129, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chris Seal
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Carlo Leifert
- SCU Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Military Rd., Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; Department of Nutrition, IMB, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gillian Butler
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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Zahid S, Usman M, Ishaq HM, Haider MF, Saleem MM, Elahi U, Hussain M, Latif HRA, Saleem K, Ahmad S, Ebeid TA. Impact of different range areas on behavior, welfare, and performance of Naked Neck chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:227. [PMID: 39095552 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different environmental enrichment tools on behavior, welfare, productive performance, and egg quality traits of Naked Neck chickens. A total of 1080 Naked Neck female chickens (30 weeks old) were used in the present study. A completely randomized experimental design, with 3 treatments having 4 replicates of 90 birds each, was applied. Treatments consisted of 3 different range areas A (121.9 m2), B (152.4 m2), and C (190.5 m2). Behavior (walking, feeding/foraging, sitting, aggressiveness wing flapping, perching, dust bathing, and range use), welfare (foot pad dermatitis, lameness, gait score, and feather pecking), productive performance (egg weight, egg production %, egg mass, and feed intake), egg quality traits (morphometry, egg weight, shell, albumen, and yolk characteristics) were evaluated. There was no influence (P > 0.05) of different range area on bird's behavior, and egg quality traits except walking and rang usage. The range area C promoted productive performance including egg weight, egg production %, egg mass and feed intake, but it did not influence welfare traits. It might be concluded that Naked Neck chicken when reared in free range with different range enrichments did not reveal any difference regarding behavioral parameters, egg morphometry, and egg quality traits. The range area within minimum length and effectively used environmental enrichments (perching and dust bathing area) should be used for backyard poultry to obtain ideal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Zahid
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Production, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Mian Mubashar Saleem
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Usman Elahi
- Faculty of Agriculture & Veterinary Sciences, Superior University, 17-KM Main Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Murrawat Hussain
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Rao Abdul Latif
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Saleem
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Ahmad
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Tarek Amin Ebeid
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
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Dal Bosco A, Cavallo M, Menchetti L, Angelucci E, Cartoni Mancinelli A, Vaudo G, Marconi S, Camilli E, Galli F, Castellini C, Mattioli S. The Healthy Fatty Index Allows for Deeper Insights into the Lipid Composition of Foods of Animal Origin When Compared with the Atherogenic and Thrombogenicity Indexes. Foods 2024; 13:1568. [PMID: 38790868 PMCID: PMC11120502 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to validate the effectiveness of the Healthy Fatty Index (HFI) regarding some foods of animal origin (meat, processed, fish, milk products, and eggs) typical of the Western diet and to compare these results with two consolidated indices (atherogenic-AI, and thrombogenic-TI) in the characterization of the nutritional features of their lipids. The fatty acids profile (% of total fatty acids and mg/100 g) of 60 foods, grouped in six subclasses, was used. The AI, TI, and HFI indexes were calculated, and the intraclass correlation coefficients and the degree of agreement were evaluated using different statistical approaches. The results demonstrated that HFI, with respect to AI and TI, seems better able to consider the complexity of the fatty acid profile and the different fat contents. HFI and AI are the two most diverse indices, and they can provide different food classifications. AI and IT exhibit only a fair agreement in regards to food classification, confirming that such indexes are always to be considered indissolubly and never separately, in contrast to the HFI, which can stand alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Massimiliano Cavallo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Laura Menchetti
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy;
| | - Elisa Angelucci
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Gaetano Vaudo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Stefania Marconi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Emanuela Camilli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.M.)
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Pulcini D, Mattioli S, Angelucci E, Chenggang W, Cartoni Mancinelli A, Napolitano R, Sirri F, Piscitelli R, Mugnai C, Castellini C. Shape and fractures of carina sterni in chicken genotypes with different egg deposition rates reared indoor or free-range. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22495. [PMID: 38110659 PMCID: PMC10728074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercial laying hens have high frequency of damage to the keel bone (KB), which causes negative effects on health and welfare. KB damage may consist in fractures (KBF) and deviations (KBD). The aim of the present study was to compare the KB shape, by means of Geometric Morphometric, and the occurrence of fractures in different chicken genotypes reared either free-range (FR) or in enriched cages. Moreover, the relationship between KB shape, genotype and rearing system was analysed. Sixty birds/genotype (2 Italian local breeds, Bionda Piemontese and Robusta Maculata, their crossbreeds with Sasso and Lohmann Brown) were used. All the hens fed the same commercial feed throughout the trial. Body weight, egg production, feed intake and mortality were recorded from 25 to 66 weeks of age. Ca intake (IN) and output (OUT) were estimated and Ca OUT/IN was calculated. FR affected the occurrence of KB deviations but not the shape, whereas the fractures were mainly affected by genotype. Local breeds had a lower prevalence of KBF with similar level of KBD but with different shapes. Crossbreeds seemed to be a suitable compromise between egg deposition rate and occurrence of KB damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitilla Pulcini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Animal Production and Aquaculture, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Angelucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - Wei Chenggang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Napolitano
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Animal Production and Aquaculture, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Raffaela Piscitelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mugnai
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095, Turin, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy
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Dansou DM, Zhang H, Yu Y, Wang H, Tang C, Zhao Q, Qin Y, Zhang J. Carotenoid enrichment in eggs: From biochemistry perspective. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 14:315-333. [PMID: 37635928 PMCID: PMC10448277 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of safe and functional eggs for consumer acceptance has gained focus. The production of carotenoid-enriched eggs has received attention due to its multifunctional biological properties. Nutritional modification of laying hens' diet can be a strategy to produce such eggs. This review presents the chemistry of carotenoids in nature and eggs, the accumulation process of carotenoids into eggs, and the functions of carotenoids in eggs. Our findings showed that carotenoids can be deposited into the egg and contribute to improving its nutritive value. The biosynthesis, chemical structure, and metabolism pathways of carotenoids lead to the deposition of carotenoids into eggs in their original or metabolized forms. Also, some factors modulate the efficiency of carotenoids in fowls before accumulation into eggs. Carotenoid-enriched eggs may be promising, ensuring the availability of highly nutritive eggs. However, further studies are still needed to comprehend the full metabolism process and the extensive functions of carotenoids in eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné M. Dansou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Lösel H, Brockelt J, Gärber F, Teipel J, Kuballa T, Seifert S, Fischer M. Comparative Analysis of LC-ESI-IM-qToF-MS and FT-NIR Spectroscopy Approaches for the Authentication of Organic and Conventional Eggs. Metabolites 2023; 13:882. [PMID: 37623826 PMCID: PMC10456441 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of animal welfare and the organic production of chicken eggs has increased in the European Union in recent years. Legal regulation for organic husbandry makes the production of organic chicken eggs more expensive compared to conventional husbandry and thus increases the risk of food fraud. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a non-targeted lipidomic LC-ESI-IM-qToF-MS method based on 270 egg samples, which achieved a classification accuracy of 96.3%. Subsequently, surrogate minimal depth (SMD) was applied to select important variables identified as carotenoids and lipids based on their MS/MS spectra. The LC-MS results were compared with FT-NIR spectroscopy analysis as a low-resolution screening method and achieved 80.0% accuracy. Here, SMD selected parts of the spectrum which are associated with lipids and proteins. Furthermore, we used SMD for low-level data fusion to analyze relations between the variables of the LC-MS and the FT-NIR spectroscopy datasets. Thereby, lipid-associated bands of the FT-NIR spectrum were related to the identified lipids from the LC-MS analysis, demonstrating that FT-NIR spectroscopy partially provides similar information about the lipidome. In future applications, eggs can therefore be analyzed with FT-NIR spectroscopy to identify conspicuous samples that can subsequently be counter-tested by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Lösel
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (J.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Johannes Brockelt
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (J.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Florian Gärber
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (J.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Jan Teipel
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany (T.K.)
| | - Thomas Kuballa
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany (T.K.)
| | - Stephan Seifert
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (J.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (H.L.); (J.B.); (F.G.); (S.S.)
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Effect of botanical composition of free-range areas on production results and selected meat quality parameters of organic Yellowleg Partridge chickens. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the conducted research was to assess the impact of the botanical composition of free-range areas on the production results and selected quality parameters of the meat of fattening chickens of the Polish Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33) breed in organic farming. Three hundred mixed-sex Ż-33 chicks were assigned to three groups: RP1 – free-range area with natural meadow vegetation, RP2 – free-range area sown with a mixture of plants containing ingredients stimulating growth, RP3 – free-range area sown with a mixture of plants rich in carotene. During the experiment, the production results (the weight of the birds, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio per g of weight gain, and mortality) were monitored. Observations were also performed on the behaviour in the free-range areas. On the 140th day of the experiment, a simplified slaughter analysis was carried out, the meat pH was measured, the colour of the muscles was also determined, as well as the water holding capacity and drip loss of the meat. In the meat samples, the content of nutrients and fatty acids was determined, and the peroxidizability index (PI) was calculated. Birds feeding in the RP2 free-range areas were characterised by higher body weight, better feed conversion, and higher dressing percentage compared to birds having access to the RP1 and RP3 free-range areas. On the other hand, the RP3 group Ż-33 chickens were characterised by a higher share of leg muscles and a tendency towards lower fat content in the carcass. It was also found that the meat of birds from the RP2 and RP3 groups was characterised by a higher pH24 compared to Ż-33 chickens from the RP1 group. Access to the RP2 free-range area modified the fatty acid profile, mainly in the leg muscles, reducing the palmitic acid and MUFA content and increasing the PUFA content. It can therefore be assumed that the plant species sown in the RP2 free-range area positively influenced the production results and the quality of the meat of fattening chickens feeding on them. It is therefore appropriate to carry out further studies on the type of vegetation sown in free-range areas in order to improve the efficiency and quality of the meat of organic fattening chickens.
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Alig BN, Malheiros RD, Anderson KE. Evaluation of Physical Egg Quality Parameters of Commercial Brown Laying Hens Housed in Five Production Systems. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040716. [PMID: 36830504 PMCID: PMC9951926 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of housing environment on the egg quality characteristics of brown egg layers as many different environments are currently used in the industry. Battery cages, barren colony cages, enriched colony cages, cage-free, and free-range environments were evaluated. Overall, all egg quality measurements were affected by housing environment (p < 0.01) except for vitelline membrane strength, elasticity, and egg solids. Eggshells and yolks were lightest in barren colony cages and darkest from free-range hens (p < 0.0001). Free-range eggs were heavier than eggs from all other environments (p < 0.0001). Cage-free eggs had lower albumen height and Haugh units than other environments (p < 0.0001). Lastly, cage-free and free-range eggs had stronger eggshells than the other environments (p < 0.0001), and free-range eggs had more elastic eggshells than eggs from conventional battery cages and barren colony cages (p < 0.01). Access to the range seemed to give free-range hens different nutritional advantages, which allowed for the darker yolks and shells. Furthermore, eggs from barren colony cages seemed to exhibit more negative characteristics. Simply adding enrichments to colony cages did not improve or detract from egg quality. From this research, it appears that, as the industry moves toward extensive environments, the egg quality of brown egg layers will improve.
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Mattioli S, Cartoni Mancinelli A, Bravi E, Angelucci E, Falcinelli B, Benincasa P, Castellini C, Sileoni V, Marconi O, Dal Bosco A. Dietary Freeze-Dried Flaxseed and Alfalfa Sprouts as Additional Ingredients to Improve the Bioactive Compounds and Reduce the Cholesterol Content of Hen Eggs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010103. [PMID: 36670965 PMCID: PMC9854451 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs are a complete food with high-quality proteins; a 2:1 ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid (SFA); and a good amount of minerals, as well as vitamins or antioxidant compounds. Seeds or mature plants were usually added to the feed to improve egg quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of alfalfa and flax freeze-dried sprouts supplementation in diets of laying hens on egg oxidative status and key bioactive compounds. Thirty Sassò hens were fed with three different diets: standard, standard + 3% freeze-dried alfalfa sprouts, or flaxseed sprouts. Ten pools of 10 egg yolks per group were collected at 0, 4, and 8 weeks and analyzed. Supplementation with sprouts enriched the phytosterols, phytoestrogens, tocols, carotenes, vitamin D, and n-3 fatty acid contents in the eggs. Cholesterol content was lower in both sprout-supplemented groups, and a decrease in its oxidative products was also observed. It was found that a 3% freeze-dried sprouts supplementation of approximately 56 days improves the egg quality. Further studies are necessary to verify higher supplementing doses and the applicability of this strategy in the commercial egg production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bravi
- Italian Brewing Research Centre, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisa Angelucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Falcinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Benincasa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Sileoni
- Department of Economics, Universitas Mercatorum, Piazza Mattei 10, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Ombretta Marconi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
- Italian Brewing Research Centre, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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10
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Mattioli S, Mancinelli AC, Dal Bosco A, Ciarelli C, Amato MG, Angelucci E, Chiattelli D, Castellini C. Intake of nutrients (polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocols, and carotenes) and storage efficiency in different slow-growing chickens genotypes reared in extensive systems. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275527. [PMID: 36318531 PMCID: PMC9624413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive rearing system (ERS) for poultry requires an outdoor run, which enhances the foraging activity of chickens. Slow-growing (SG) strains are more adapted to ERS than fast-growing (FG); and generally, have higher levels of bioactive compounds in their meat. The aim of this paper was to assess the storage efficiency of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), tocols and carotenes in the meat of seven commercial SG genotypes (SG1-7). One hundred SG chicks/strain of both sexes were included and their walking activity (High- or Low-W) was classified: SG1-4, HW comprised more than 10% of the time budget, and SG5-7, less than 10% (LW). Chickens were reared in pens (4 pens/strain) with indoor (0.10 m2/bird) and outdoor (4 m2/bird) areas, and they were fed the same diet ad libitum (starter feed for 1-21 d, grower feed from 22 d to slaughter at 81 d). The chickens were weighed weekly; feed consumption and grass intake were also estimated. At 81 days of age, 32 chickens/genotype were selected on the basis of the average weight (1:1, M:F) and slaughtered. The breast, thigh and drumstick meat were excised from 30 carcasses/genotype, sampled and stored at -20°C until analysis. Nutrients (e.g., n-3, n-6, carotenes and tocols) of feed, grass and meat were analyzed. The storage efficiency of nutrients was estimated as the ratio between the amount deposited in the body muscles (OUT) and the dietary intake (feed and grass, IN). The genotype affected chickens foraging behavior and the intake of nutrients. For SG1, SG2 and SG3, more than 50% of the intake of n-3 came from grass, whereas in the other genotypes, less than 20%. Accordingly, chickens that foraged more showed better meat nutritional profiles (less fat, more n-3 and antioxidants), which, in ERS, was ascribed to grass ingestion. However, the storage efficiency of nutrients into meat was inversely correlated with the grass intake: strains with higher grass intake (SG1, SG2, and SG3) had lower storage rates. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Ciarelli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment–DAFNAE, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’Università, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Monica Guarino Amato
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Livestock Production and Aquaculture, Roma, Italy
| | - Elisa Angelucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Diletta Chiattelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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11
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Sergin S, Jambunathan V, Garg E, Rowntree JE, Fenton JI. Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Eggs from Pasture-Raised Hens Fed a Corn- and Soy-Free Diet and Supplemented with Grass-Fed Beef Suet and Liver. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213404. [PMID: 36360017 PMCID: PMC9658713 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in using grass-fed beef (GFB) by-products to augment the nutrient profile of eggs among local pasture-raising systems in the US. The objective of this study was to characterize egg yolk fatty acid and antioxidant profiles using eggs from pasture-raised hens fed a corn- and soy-free diet and supplemented with GFB suet and liver compared to eggs from pasture-raised hens fed a corn and soy layer hen feed and commercially obtained cage-free eggs. The egg yolk vitamin and mineral profile was also assessed by a commercial laboratory. Both pasture-raised groups had twice as much carotenoid content, three times as much omega-3 fatty acid content, and a 5−10 times lower omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio compared to the cage-free eggs (p < 0.001). Eggs from hens fed a corn- and soy-free feed and GFB by-products had half as much omega-6 fatty acid content and five times more conjugated linoleic acid, three times more odd-chain fatty acid, and 6−70 times more branched-chain fatty acid content (p < 0.001). Feeding pasture-raised hens GFB suet and liver reduces agricultural waste while producing improved egg products for consumers, but further research is needed to quantify optimal supplementation levels and the efficacy of corn- and soy-free diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Sergin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Vijayashree Jambunathan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Esha Garg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jason E. Rowntree
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 S Shaw Ln, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-517-353-3342
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12
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Mesas AE, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, López-Gil JF, Fernández-Franco S, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Garrido-Miguel M. Organic Egg Consumption: A Systematic Review of Aspects Related to Human Health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:937959. [PMID: 35811992 PMCID: PMC9263557 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.937959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of organic foods has increased recently, but evidence about their potential health benefits is still limited. This systematic review aims to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the association between organic egg consumption and human health. We searched for peer-reviewed articles on this subject indexed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from the inception date to April 13, 2022. This review was based on PRISMA guideline recommendations. Three studies on organic egg consumption in humans were included. After 8 weeks of consuming organic eggs, one randomized crossover trial found that participants had higher serum concentrations of the beta-carotene lutein compared to the period without consuming organic eggs. Moreover, in a cross-sectional study with nationally representative data from Americans over the age of 50, it was found that consumption of organic eggs was associated with lower levels of the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and cystine C compared with conventional eggs. Finally, in a cohort of children aged 0 to 2 years, no significant association was observed between consuming organic eggs and the risk of eczema. In conclusion, the evidence about the potential benefits of organic egg consumption and human health is promising but still requires further research. A human research agenda is proposed based on laboratory studies pointing out that organic eggs have a more desirable nutritional profile than conventional eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | | | | | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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13
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Poultry Meat and Eggs as an Alternative Source of n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Human Nutrition. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091969. [PMID: 35565936 PMCID: PMC9099610 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) on human health are widely known. Humans are rather inefficient in synthesizing n-3 LC-PUFA; thus, these compounds should be supplemented in the diet. However, most Western human diets have unbalanced n-6/n-3 ratios resulting from eating habits and the fact that fish sources (rich in n-3 LC-PUFA) are not sufficient (worldwide deficit ~347,956 t/y) to meet the world requirements. In this context, it is necessary to find new and sustainable sources of n-3 LC-PUFA. Poultry products can provide humans n-3 LC-PUFA due to physiological characteristics and the wide consumption of meat and eggs. The present work aims to provide a general overview of the main strategies that should be adopted during rearing and postproduction to enrich and preserve n-3 LC-PUFA in poultry products. The strategies include dietary supplementation of α-Linolenic acid (ALA) or n-3 LC-PUFA, or enhancing n-3 LC-PUFA by improving the LA (Linoleic acid)/ALA ratio and antioxidant concentrations. Moreover, factors such as genotype, rearing system, transport, and cooking processes can impact the n-3 LC-PUFA in poultry products. The use of a multifactorial view in the entire production chain allows the relevant enrichment and preservation of n-3 LC-PUFA in poultry products.
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14
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Cartoni Mancinelli A, Di Veroli A, Mattioli S, Cruciani G, Dal Bosco A, Castellini C. Lipid metabolism analysis in liver of different chicken genotypes and impact on nutritionally relevant polyunsaturated fatty acids of meat. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1888. [PMID: 35115659 PMCID: PMC8814176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and mammalian species are unable to synthesize significant amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which therefore must be introduced with the diet. In birds, lipogenesis takes place primarily in the liver, whereas adipose tissue serves as the storage site for triacylglycerols (TG, composed by 80-85% esterified fatty acids). However, both the nature (unsaturation level, n-3, or n-6 series) and the allocation (such as constituents of complexed lipids) of PUFA are very important to evaluate their function in lipid metabolism. The objective of the present investigation was to study the liver lipid metabolism, with particular attention to non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), TG, phospholipids (PL), FADS2 gene expression, and Δ6-desaturase activity of three chicken genotypes, Leghorn (Leg), Ross 308 (Ross), and their crossbreed (LxR), by LC/MS analysis. The concentration of single fatty acids in muscle was quantified by GC-FID. The results showed that the Ross has a lipid metabolism related mainly to storage and structural roles, exhibiting higher levels of TG, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) that are largely unsaturated. Meanwhile Leg showed a relevant amount of n-3 NEFA characterized by a higher phosphatidylserine (PS) unsaturation level, FADS2 gene expression and enzyme activity. The LxR seem to have a moderate trend: n-6 and n-3 NEFA showed intermediate values compared with that of the Ross and Leg and the TG trend was similar to that of the Ross, while PE and PC were largely unsaturated (mainly 6 and 7 UNS most of the metabolic energy for storage fatty acids in their tissues (TG) whereas, the Leg birds were characterized by different lipid metabolism showing in their liver a higher content of n-3 NEFA and higher unsaturation level in PS. Furthers details are needed to better attribute the lipid energy to the different metabolic portion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Veroli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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15
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Godínez-Juárez B, Hernández-Mendo O, Pro-Martínez A, Hernández-Sánchez D, Leyva-Ruelas G, Martínez-Martínez U, Zarate-Contreras D. Partially Dehulled Sunflower Seeds in Diets for Grazing Chickens: Effect in Meat Quality. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Prache S, Lebret B, Baéza E, Martin B, Gautron J, Feidt C, Médale F, Corraze G, Raulet M, Lefèvre F, Verrez-Bagnis V, Sans P. Review: Quality and authentication of organic animal products in Europe. Animal 2021; 16 Suppl 1:100405. [PMID: 34844891 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 'organic' label guarantees a production process that avoids the use of synthetic fertilisers, pesticides and hormones and minimises the use of veterinary drugs; however, consumers are demanding guarantees regarding food quality. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on the quality of organic animal products, including the authentication of their organic origin. Quality has been considered as an integrative combination of six core attributes: commercial value, and nutritional, sensory, technological, convenience and safety attributes. The comparison of these attributes between organic and conventional animal products shows high heterogeneity due to variability in farming pratices in both organic and conventional systems. To overcome this, we pinpoint the farming practices underlying the differences observed. This enables light to be shed on the consequences of possible trajectories of organic farming, if specifications are relaxed or tightened up on commitments concerning farming practices that impact product quality. Two recent meta-analyses showed better nutritional attributes in organic milk and meat linked to their higher poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, particularly n-3 PUFAs. Regarding safety, we point to a lack of integrated studies quantifying the balance between positive and negative effects. Organic farming reduces the risk of drug residues and antibiotic resistance, but both outdoor rearing and a frequently longer rearing period increase the animals' exposition to environmental contaminants and the risk of their bioaccumulation in milk, eggs, meat and fish flesh. We highlight antagonisms between quality attributes for certain animal products (lamb, pork). In general, attributes are more variable for organic products, which can be explained by lower genetic selection (poultry), lower inputs and/or greater variability in farming conditions. However, the literature does not address the implications of this greater variability for the consumers' acceptability and the necessary adaptation of manufacturing processes. Further research is needed to document the impacts on human nutritional biomarkers and health. Methods used to authenticate organic origin are based on differences in animal diet composition between organic and conventional systems, but their reliability is hampered by the variability in farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prache
- Université d'Auvergne, INRAE, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 St-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - B Lebret
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 St-Gilles, France
| | - E Baéza
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - B Martin
- Université d'Auvergne, INRAE, Vetagro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 St-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - J Gautron
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - C Feidt
- Université Lorraine, Usc340, UR AFPA, INRAE, 2, av Foret Haye, TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - F Médale
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419 Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - G Corraze
- INRAE, Univ Pau & Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419 Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - M Raulet
- DEPE, INRAE, 147, rue de l'Unversité, 75338 Paris Cedex 07, France
| | | | - V Verrez-Bagnis
- IFREMER, Laboratoire EM3B, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - P Sans
- ALISS UR 1303, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
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17
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Review: Quality of animal-source foods. Animal 2021; 16 Suppl 1:100376. [PMID: 34836809 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article critically reviews the current state of knowledge on the quality of animal-source foods according to animal production and food processing conditions, including consumer expectations-behaviours and the effects of consumption of animal-source foods on human health. Quality has been defined through seven core attributes: safety, commercial, sensory, nutritional, technological, convenience, and image. Image covers ethical, cultural and environmental dimensions associated with the origin of the food and the way it is produced and processed. This framework enabled to highlight the priorities given to the different quality attributes. It also helped to identify potential antagonisms and synergies among quality attributes, between production and processing stages, and among stakeholders. Primacy is essentially given to commercial quality attributes, especially for standard commodity animal-source foods. This primacy has strongly influenced genetic selection and farming practices in all livestock commodity chains and enabled substantial quantitative gains, although at the expense of other quality traits. Focal issues are the destructuration of chicken muscle that compromises sensory, nutritional and image quality attributes, and the fate of males in the egg and dairy sectors, which have heavily specialised their animals. Quality can be gained but can also be lost throughout the farm-to-fork continuum. Our review highlights critical factors and periods throughout animal production and food processing routes, such as on-farm practices, notably animal feeding, preslaughter and slaughter phases, food processing techniques, and food formulation. It also reveals on-farm and processing factors that create antagonisms among quality attributes, such as the castration of male pigs, the substitution of marine-source feed by plant-based feed in fish, and the use of sodium nitrite in meat processing. These antagonisms require scientific data to identify trade-offs among quality attributes and/or solutions to help overcome these tensions. However, there are also food products that value synergies between quality attributes and between production and processing phases, particularly Geographical Indications, such as for cheese and dry-cured ham. Human epidemiological studies have found associations between consumption of animal-source foods and increased or decreased risk for chronic non-communicable diseases. These associations have informed public health recommendations. However, they have not yet considered animal production and food processing conditions. A concerted and collaborative effort is needed from scientists working in animal science, food process engineering, consumer science, human nutrition and epidemiology in order to address this research gap. Avenues for research and main options for policy action are discussed.
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18
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The Welfare Status of Hens in Different Housing Systems – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The currently used poultry farming methods, which aim to maximise economic profit, are based on ever new technological solutions that improve flock management and increase bird performance. However, they do not always meet the natural needs of birds. Every housing method and technological solution currently in use is faced with some issues, such as social stress, adverse temperature/ humidity conditions, risk of zoonoses, and behavioural pathologies, which determine poultry performance and welfare. Disregard for animal welfare involves not only ethical but also practical aspects, because well-being and housing comfort translate into better weight gains, health and productivity of the birds. The studies reported here suggest that every production system, despite the many welfare-improving aspects, causes numerous behavioural, productivity and health abnormalities in laying hens. Therefore, further research is needed to identify various risk factors for the purpose of improving housing systems and increasing the welfare of hens.
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19
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Islam Z, Sultan A, Khan S, Alhidary IA, Abdelrahman MM, Khan RU. Impact of varying housing systems on egg quality characteristics, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol content of Rhode Island Red × Fyoumi laying hens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:456. [PMID: 34537882 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to study the effects of conventional and free range systems on egg quality attributes, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol contents of laying hen. Two hundred and forty R1 cross of Rhode Island Red (RIR) × Fyoumi (F) layers during the peak production were divided into two groups and reared in two different housing systems (free range vs. conventional systems). The statistical analysis of the results revealed that the housing system (modification of diet) significantly (p < 0.05) affected egg quality, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol contents. The highest (p < 0.05) whole egg and albumen weights were recorded for eggs produced in a conventional system and higher yolk weight and shell thickness were recorded in free range hens. Significantly (p < 0.05) lower concentration of saturated and higher concentration of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed in eggs produced under a free range system. In addition, higher level of total omega-3 fatty acids and higher ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids were observed in free range eggs as compared to those in the conventional system. From the results of the present study, we concluded that eggs produced from Rhode Island Red × Fyoumi laying hens in a free range system are qualitatively superior compared to those in the conventional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziaul Islam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), Pakistan
| | - Asad Sultan
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sarzamin Khan
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim A Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutassim M Abdelrahman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
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20
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Kop-Bozbay C, Akdag A, Bozkurt-Kiraz A, Gore M, Kurt O, Ocak N. Laying Performance, Egg Quality Characteristics, and Egg Yolk Fatty Acids Profile in Layer Hens Housed with Free Access to Chicory- and/or White Clover-Vegetated or Non-Vegetated Areas. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061708. [PMID: 34200498 PMCID: PMC8228090 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Outdoor-based systems can improve the product quantity and quality in laying hens. This study investigated the laying performance and several egg quality characteristics in layer hens fed on a conventional diet with free access to a soil area (control, C), a chicory (CI)- or white clover (TR)-vegetated area, or a CI and TR mixture (MIX)-vegetated area. The C hens consumed more concentrate feed, without affecting the laying rate, than did TR and MIX hens. Herbage intake (HI) of the TR and MIX hens was higher than that of the CI birds. The C hens produced eggs with thicker shells than the CI, TR, and MIX hens. The decrease in the feed intake and the improvement in fatty acid (FA) profiles of the egg yolk was related to the HI. Concerning the TR and MIX vegetation, the FA composition of herbage contributed to the production of eggs with preferred FA attributes, such as polyunsaturated FAs and a favourable n-6 to n-3 ratio. Abstract This study investigated the laying performance, egg quality, and egg yolk fatty acids (FAs) and cholesterol content in layer hens housed with free access to chicory- and/or white clover-vegetated areas. During a 16-week study, 400 Lohmann Brown hens (32 weeks old) housed with free outdoor access were allocated randomly into four groups, each with four replicates of 25 hens. Control hens were fed a conventional diet with free access to a soil area (C), whereas other hens were fed on a conventional diet with free access to a chicory (CI)- or white clover (TR)-vegetated area or a CI and TR mixture (MIX)-vegetated area. The C hens consumed more concentrate feed (p = 0.018) than the TR and MIX hens, which had a higher herbage intake than the CI birds (p < 0.001). The C hens produced eggs with a thicker shell than those in the other treatment groups (p = 0.013). Compared with C, the saturated FAs of egg yolk decreased for MIX (p = 0.010). The polyunsaturated FAs were higher in the MIX eggs than in the C and TR eggs (p < 0.001). Although FAs were distributed in all quadrants of the principal component analysis (PCA), three main FA profiles could be identified based on the loadings of natural groupings in the PC2 versus PC1 plot. The present study shows clear evidence for the contribution of herbage to the hen diet without affecting laying performance. In addition, the FA composition of the CI and MIX vegetation contributed to the production of eggs with preferred FA attributes, such as polyunsaturated FAs and a favourable n-6 to n-3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Kop-Bozbay
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480 Eskisehir, Turkey;
| | - Ahmet Akdag
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ayfer Bozkurt-Kiraz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, 63290 Sanliurfa, Turkey;
| | - Merve Gore
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (M.G.); (O.K.)
| | - Orhan Kurt
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey; (M.G.); (O.K.)
| | - Nuh Ocak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey;
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21
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Tosar V, Rousseau G, Decruyenaere V, Beckers Y, Larondelle Y, Froidmont E. Red clover-rich grassland increases equol concentration in eggs from free-range laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:840-845. [PMID: 34009075 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1929069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of equol (4',7-isoflavandiol; a bacterial polyphenol metabolite which is an isoflavandiol oestrogen metabolised from daidzein from plants) enriched eggs from free-range hens fed different pasture species. Four species were tested: red clover, white clover, ryegrass and chicory.2. The study was conducted from June to September 2017 on eight free range, outdoor areas, each containing fifteen laying hens and sown with a single pasture species3. Precursors of equol (daidzein, formononetin) were analysed every fortnight from the fresh pasture cover in each area, as well as equol and daidzein levels in eggs.4. Daidzein and formononetin concentrations in the fresh pasture samples differed significantly according to species (P < 0.001), whereby red clover had the highest concentrations of daidzein and formononetin (85 and 996 µg/g DM, respectively).5. Equol concentration in eggs differed according to pasture species (P < 0.001). Equol concentrations reached about 1,200 ng/g DM in eggs from hens with access to red clover. These eggs can represent a valuable source of equol in the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tosar
- Productions in Agriculture Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Gembloux, Belgium.,Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - G Rousseau
- Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - V Decruyenaere
- Productions in Agriculture Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Y Beckers
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition, University of Liège - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Y Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - E Froidmont
- Productions in Agriculture Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Gembloux, Belgium
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22
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How the kinetic behavior of organic chickens affects productive performance and blood and meat oxidative status: a study of six poultry genotypes. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101297. [PMID: 34280645 PMCID: PMC8319010 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the kinetic behavior, carcass characteristics, oxidative status (blood and meat), and meat fatty acid profiles of 6 organically reared slower growing chicken genotypes (SrG). One hundred male chickens of 6 SrG were used: Ranger Classic (RC), Ranger Gold (RG), Rowan Ranger (RR), RedJA (RJ), CY Gen 5 JA87 (CY), and M22 × JA87 (M). Twenty chickens/genotype were selected to analyze behavior, while, 15 individuals were slaughtered and different traits were analyzed in the blood and drumstick meat. The variables were grouped into different principal components: kinetic activity (PC1, with explorative attitude as the highest score), productive performance (PC2, carcass and head/feet yields), blood (PC3, carbonyls, and TBARS) and meat (PC6, thiols, and TBARS) markers, technological traits (PC4, pH, and color), proximate meat composition (PCA5, moisture, lipids, protein, and ash), fatty acid profile, and nutritional indexes (PC7, IP, and PUFAn-3). Uni- and bivariate analyses showed a strong positive association between kinetic behaviors and blood and meat oxidation and a medium positive association with fatty acid profile and nutritional indexes, whereas a negative association was found between productive performance loads and the technological traits of meat. Generalized linear models showed that all PCs were influenced by genotype. In particular, CY and M resulted as less active genotypes; conversely, RR showed more kinetic activity, whereas RJ, RG, and RC exhibited intermediate levels of activity. Cluster analysis of kinetic behavior and blood or meat oxidative status highlighted 2 groups: nonwalking (NW: CY and M) and walking (W: RC, RG, RR, and RJ) animals. However, in the W group, another was visualized, constituted by genotypes with high kinetic activity resulting in the worst oxidative balance (Walking not trained-genotypes, Wnt: RR and RJ). The present results confirmed that the kinetic behavior of SrG genotypes is negatively correlated with productive performance. Furthermore, a significant association between kinetic behavior and blood (positively correlated) or meat (negatively correlated) oxidative status was noted. Such differences are mainly due to the intrinsic response of the genotypes used (i.e., training-walking capacity).
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Dal Bosco A, Mattioli S, Cartoni Mancinelli A, Cotozzolo E, Castellini C. Extensive Rearing Systems in Poultry Production: The Right Chicken for the Right Farming System. A Review of Twenty Years of Scientific Research in Perugia University, Italy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051281. [PMID: 33947001 PMCID: PMC8145382 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this review paper was to retrace the research journey of the researchers of the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Science at the University of Perugia, Italy that lasted twenty years and draw updated guidelines regarding the best synergy between chicken type and environment in extensive rearing systems in order to optimize animal welfare, quality, and environmental impact, linked with economical sustainability. Abstract The demand for poultry meat, being cheaper than red meat, will drive worldwide production of this product. Accordingly, an increase in production up to 16% is expected in 2025, most of which will occur in developing countries. Most poultry meat production is realized with intensive production systems, and extensive rearing systems (ERS) of poultry (organic, free-range, and low-input) represent only a small portion of poultry production in the EU (about 5%). However, there is an increasing interest in such rearing systems to maintain the good image of product and environmental sustainability, improved animal welfare, and meat quality with an annual trend of growth of about 10%. The aims of this work were to summarize the activities and the viewpoint of the researchers of the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Science of the University of Perugia (Italy). One of the most important goals of the research unit was the challenge of identifying the best poultry genotypes for ERS, which are important not only for the food industry but also for the improvement of human nutrition. Only the definition of the best genotypes adapted to ERS through the measurement of a wide panel of traits—genetic, physiologic, and behavior—and not only relying on daily weight gain will allow us to achieve this goal.
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Castillo A, Gariglio M, Franzoni A, Soglia D, Sartore S, Buccioni A, Mannelli F, Cassandro M, Cendron F, Castellini C, Mancinelli AC, Iaffaldano N, Iorio MD, Marzoni M, Salvucci S, Cerolini S, Zaniboni L, Schiavone A. Overview of Native Chicken Breeds in Italy: Conservation Status and Rearing Systems in Use. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:490. [PMID: 33673395 PMCID: PMC7917728 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most reared species of farm animal around the world is the chicken. However, the intensification of livestock systems has led to a gradual increase in the concentration of a limited number of breeds, resulting in substantial erosion to the genetic pool. The initial step of an 'animal conservation program' entails establishing the actual conservation statuses of the breeds concerned in a defined area; in this case, in Italy. To this end, a survey of breeds was performed by means of a census questionnaire divided into two parts. The first part collected information on breeds, breeders, housing facilities, and management aspects, the results of which are presented here. The second part of the questionnaire regarded chicken products and their markets, and these data will be reported in a second paper. The breed status of six chicken breeds was shown to be exceptionally worrying, with total numbers ranging from just 18 to 186 birds. Population sizes exceeding 1000 birds was identified for just four breeds, the maximum being 3400. Some improvements in status were noted in relation to breeds which had been the subject of conservation efforts in the past. The two most common breeds reported are the Bionda Piemontese, a double-purpose breed, and the Livorno egg-laying hen. Collo Nudo Italiano, Millefiori Piemontese, Pollo Trentino, and Tirolese chicken breeds and the Castano Precoce turkey breed were not listed by breeders at all. The most reported turkey breeds are the Bronzato Comune and the Ermellinato di Rovigo. The population sizes of native Italian poultry breeds were shown to be generally poor. Italian poultry farmers and the population at large are largely ignorant about indigenous poultry breeds. Thus, promoting the virtues of Italian breeds would help their conservation by encouraging breeders to rear these birds and consumers to buy their products. The identification of strategies to facilitate access to pure breed birds is essential, and will require the collaboration of university research centers, public entities, and breeders. The results presented in this paper constitute the initial part of a more complex conservation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelisse Castillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessandro Franzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Michele Di Iorio
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Margherita Marzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Salvucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luisa Zaniboni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
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Rakonjac S, Dosković V, Bošković SB, Škrbić Z, Lukić M, Petričević V, Petrović DM. Production Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens as Influenced by Genotype and Rearing System. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Z Škrbić
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Serbia
| | - M Lukić
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Serbia
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Cartoni Mancinelli A, Silletti E, Mattioli S, Dal Bosco A, Sebastiani B, Menchetti L, Koot A, van Ruth S, Castellini C. Fatty acid profile, oxidative status, and content of volatile organic compounds in raw and cooked meat of different chicken strains. Poult Sci 2020; 100:1273-1282. [PMID: 33518084 PMCID: PMC7858157 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken meat is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, it is more susceptible to lipid oxidation and production of volatile organic compounds (VOC). In this study, we evaluated the fatty acids, antioxidants, and VOC profiles of raw and cooked meat samples derived from 4 strains of chicken differing in their growth rates, which were as follows: slow-growing (SG, Leghorn), medium-growing (MG, Hubbard and Naked Neck), and fast-growing (FG, Ross). The VOC profile of meat was measured using proton-transfer reaction–mass spectrometry (PTR–MS). The VOC were identified using PTR–time of flight-MS (PTR-ToF-MS). The data were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate models. Twenty main VOC were identified, which were classified into the following chemical categories: aldehydes, alkadienes, alkenes, furans, amides, alcohols, and other compounds. Our results revealed that the chicken genotype and the method of cooking strongly influenced the VOC profile of the meat. Identifying the relationships between these traits allowed us to highlight the trade-off of the main substrates such as n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), protective substances (antioxidants), and degradation products (VOC) of the poultry meat produced during cooking. The extent of VOC production and n-3 loss was found to be higher for the SG genotype. Reduction of n-6 was higher in MG, whereas small losses in antioxidants and PUFA were observed in the FG genotype, consequently, resulting in the lowest production of VOC. The SG and MG are genotypes more active from a kinetic point of view respect to the FG ones. For this reason, in the FG genotypes, the antioxidants are less involved in the oxidative stress induced by the movement; thus, they were available to protect the lipid of the meat during the cooking process. These results suggested that the use of SG and MG genotypes requires a specific dietary protocol (i.e., increasing the antioxidants content) to counteract the lipid oxidations in all the phases: in vivo, postmortem, and during/after cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - E Silletti
- Department of Authenticity and Nutrients, Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - B Sebastiani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Menchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Koot
- Department of Authenticity and Nutrients, Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S van Ruth
- Department of Authenticity and Nutrients, Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Impact of ozone and UV irradiation sanitation treatments on the survival of Salmonella and the physical–chemical characteristics of hen eggs. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Di Rosa AR, Chiofalo B, Lo Presti V, Chiofalo V, Liotta L. Egg Quality from Siciliana and Livorno Italian Autochthonous Chicken Breeds Reared in Organic System. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E864. [PMID: 32429459 PMCID: PMC7278417 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In poultry production, the intensive use of high-performing hybrid animals led to loss of genetic variability and a consequent lower response to climatic change and disease. Poultry biodiversity is seriously threatened, and its safeguard is a strong objective in developed countries. According to the FAO, which emphasized the importance of native breeds for its country of origin, the aim of this study was to present the first contribution on eggs quality for endangered the Siciliana chicken breed and deepen knowledge on the local Livorno breed. At 20 weeks of age, 108 laying hens (54 Siciliana breed and 54 Livorno breed) were divided into six homogeneous groups of 18 hens each and reared according to requirements imposed by the EC Regulation 889/08 for organic production. The production cycle was controlled over one year, and egg production was recorded daily by group. Eggs were collected, weighted, and measured. Physico-chemical parameter and fatty acids profile were analyzed and nutritional indexes calculated. The statistical model included the effects of breed (Siciliana, Livorno). Egg production was 190 egg/head for Siciliana and 180 for Livorno group. The results showed similar values for Siciliana and Livorno egg quality, highlighting several valuable quality traits from these breeds which might be taken into account for conservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra R. Di Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (B.C.); (V.L.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (B.C.); (V.L.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Vittorio Lo Presti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (B.C.); (V.L.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Vincenzo Chiofalo
- Consortium Research of Meat and Agrifood, 98168 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (B.C.); (V.L.P.); (L.L.)
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Popova T, Petkov E, Ayasan T, Ignatova M. Quality of Eggs from Layers Reared under Alternative and Conventional System. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Popova
- Institute of Animal Sciece, Bulgaria
| | - E Petkov
- Institute of Animal Sciece, Bulgaria
| | - T Ayasan
- Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Turkey
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Ackermann SM, Lachenmeier DW, Kuballa T, Schütz B, Spraul M, Bunzel M. NMR-based differentiation of conventionally from organically produced chicken eggs in Germany. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2019; 57:579-588. [PMID: 30680787 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Both the German and European organic food markets are growing fast, and there is also a rising demand for organic chicken eggs. Consumers are willing to pay higher prices for organic eggs produced in an animal-appropriate environment considering animal welfare. Strict labelling requirements do not prevent chicken eggs from being a subject of food fraud. Conventionally produced (barn/free-range) eggs can easily be mislabeled as organic eggs. Especially because the demand for organically produced chicken eggs is likely to exceed supply in the future, mislabeling appears to be a realistic scenario. Therefore, there is a need for analytical methods that are suitable to classify eggs as being either conventionally or organically produced. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis is a suitable tool to screen eggs according to the different systems of husbandry. Sample preparation is based on a fat extraction method, which was optimised for application to freeze-dried egg yolk. Samples were analysed using typical q-NMR parameters. A nontargeted approach was used for the analysis of the 1 H NMR data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied followed by a linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) and Monte Carlo cross-validation. In total, 344 chicken eggs (214 barn/free-range eggs and 130 eggs from organic farms), most of them originating from Germany, were used to build and validate the prediction model. The results showed that the prediction model allowed for the correct classification of about 93% of the organic eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja M Ackermann
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dirk W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuballa
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Birk Schütz
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, Rheinstetten, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred Spraul
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, Rheinstetten, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Puertas G, Vázquez M. Fraud detection in hen housing system declared on the eggs’ label: An accuracy method based on UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. Food Chem 2019; 288:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mie A, Andersen HR, Gunnarsson S, Kahl J, Kesse-Guyot E, Rembiałkowska E, Quaglio G, Grandjean P. Human health implications of organic food and organic agriculture: a comprehensive review. Environ Health 2017; 16:111. [PMID: 29073935 PMCID: PMC5658984 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises existing evidence on the impact of organic food on human health. It compares organic vs. conventional food production with respect to parameters important to human health and discusses the potential impact of organic management practices with an emphasis on EU conditions. Organic food consumption may reduce the risk of allergic disease and of overweight and obesity, but the evidence is not conclusive due to likely residual confounding, as consumers of organic food tend to have healthier lifestyles overall. However, animal experiments suggest that identically composed feed from organic or conventional production impacts in different ways on growth and development. In organic agriculture, the use of pesticides is restricted, while residues in conventional fruits and vegetables constitute the main source of human pesticide exposures. Epidemiological studies have reported adverse effects of certain pesticides on children's cognitive development at current levels of exposure, but these data have so far not been applied in formal risk assessments of individual pesticides. Differences in the composition between organic and conventional crops are limited, such as a modestly higher content of phenolic compounds in organic fruit and vegetables, and likely also a lower content of cadmium in organic cereal crops. Organic dairy products, and perhaps also meats, have a higher content of omega-3 fatty acids compared to conventional products. However, these differences are likely of marginal nutritional significance. Of greater concern is the prevalent use of antibiotics in conventional animal production as a key driver of antibiotic resistance in society; antibiotic use is less intensive in organic production. Overall, this review emphasises several documented and likely human health benefits associated with organic food production, and application of such production methods is likely to be beneficial within conventional agriculture, e.g., in integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Mie
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre for Organic Food and Farming (EPOK), Ultuna, Sweden
| | - Helle Raun Andersen
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Public Health, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Gunnarsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Animal Environment and Health, Skara, Sweden
| | - Johannes Kahl
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Research Unit on Nutritional Epidemiology (U1153 Inserm, U1125 INRA, CNAM, Université Paris 13), Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - Ewa Rembiałkowska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Department of Functional & Organic Food & Commodities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gianluca Quaglio
- Scientific Foresight Unit (Science and Technology Options Assessment [STOA]), Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Public Health, Odense, Denmark
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, USA
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Zaheer K. Hen egg carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and nutritional impacts on human health: a review. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1266033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Zaheer
- Health and Nutrition, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hammershøj M, Johansen NF. Review: The effect of grass and herbs in organic egg production on egg fatty acid composition, egg yolk colour and sensory properties. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hammershøj M, Steenfeldt S. Organic egg production. II: The quality of organic eggs is influenced by hen genotype, diet and forage material analyzed by physical parameters, functional properties and sensory evaluation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Dal Bosco A, Mugnai C, Rosati A, Paoletti A, Caporali S, Castellini C. Effect of range enrichment on performance, behavior, and forage intake of free-range chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2013-00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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