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Di Petrillo A, Kumar A, Onali S, Favale A, Fantini MC. GPR120/FFAR4: A Potential New Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1981-1989. [PMID: 37542525 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, whose major forms are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gut due to the loss of tolerance toward antigens normally contained in the gut lumen. G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 120 has gained considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders due to its implication in the production of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 and the secretion of cholecystokinin. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of GPR120 in regulating immune system activity and inflammation. GPR120, expressed by intestinal epithelial cells, proinflammatory macrophages, enteroendocrine L cells, and CD4+ T cells, suppresses proinflammatory and enhances anti-inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting that GPR120 might have a pivotal role in intestinal inflammation and represent a possible therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease. This narrative review aims at summarizing the role of GPR120 in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis through the analysis of the most recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Di Petrillo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Onali
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Agnese Favale
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
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Oteng AB, Liu L. GPCR-mediated effects of fatty acids and bile acids on glucose homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1206063. [PMID: 37484954 PMCID: PMC10360933 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1206063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids and glucose are key biomolecules that share several commonalities including serving as energy substrates and as signaling molecules. Fatty acids can be synthesized endogenously from intermediates of glucose catabolism via de-novo lipogenesis. Bile acids are synthesized endogenously in the liver from the biologically important lipid molecule, cholesterol. Evidence abounds that fatty acids and bile acids play direct and indirect roles in systemic glucose homeostasis. The tight control of plasma glucose levels during postprandial and fasted states is principally mediated by two pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon. Here, we summarize experimental studies on the endocrine effects of fatty acids and bile acids, with emphasis on their ability to regulate the release of key hormones that regulate glucose metabolism. We categorize the heterogenous family of fatty acids into short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), unsaturated, and saturated fatty acids, and highlight that along with bile acids, these biomolecules regulate glucose homeostasis by serving as endogenous ligands for specific G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Activation of these GPCRs affects the release of incretin hormones by enteroendocrine cells and/or the secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin by pancreatic islets, all of which regulate systemic glucose homeostasis. We deduce that signaling induced by fatty acids and bile acids is necessary to maintain euglycemia to prevent metabolic diseases such as type-2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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GPCR in Adipose Tissue Function-Focus on Lipolysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020588. [PMID: 36831123 PMCID: PMC9953751 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue can be divided anatomically, histologically, and functionally into two major entities white and brown adipose tissues (WAT and BAT, respectively). WAT is the primary energy depot, storing most of the bioavailable triacylglycerol molecules of the body, whereas BAT is designed for dissipating energy in the form of heat, a process also known as non-shivering thermogenesis as a defense against a cold environment. Importantly, BAT-dependent energy dissipation directly correlates with cardiometabolic health and has been postulated as an intriguing target for anti-obesity therapies. In general, adipose tissue (AT) lipid content is defined by lipid uptake and lipogenesis on one side, and, on the other side, it is defined by the breakdown of lipids and the release of fatty acids by lipolysis. The equilibrium between lipogenesis and lipolysis is important for adipocyte and general metabolic homeostasis. Overloading adipocytes with lipids causes cell stress, leading to the recruitment of immune cells and adipose tissue inflammation, which can affect the whole organism (metaflammation). The most important consequence of energy and lipid overload is obesity and associated pathophysiologies, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The fate of lipolysis products (fatty acids and glycerol) largely differs between AT: WAT releases fatty acids into the blood to deliver energy to other tissues (e.g., muscle). Activation of BAT, instead, liberates fatty acids that are used within brown adipocyte mitochondria for thermogenesis. The enzymes involved in lipolysis are tightly regulated by the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which is activated or inhibited by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that interact with heterotrimeric G proteins (G proteins). Thus, GPCRs are the upstream regulators of the equilibrium between lipogenesis and lipolysis. Moreover, GPCRs are of special pharmacological interest because about one third of the approved drugs target GPCRs. Here, we will discuss the effects of some of most studied as well as "novel" GPCRs and their ligands. We will review different facets of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies, obtained with both pharmacological and genetic approaches. Finally, we will report some possible therapeutic strategies to treat obesity employing GPCRs as primary target.
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Martín-Reyes F, Ho-Plagaro A, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Lopez-Gómez C, Garcia-Serrano S, de Los Reyes DR, Gonzalo M, Fernández-Garcia JC, Montiel-Casado C, Fernández-Aguilar JL, Fernández JR, García-Fuentes E, Rodríguez-Pacheco F. Oleic acid regulates the circadian rhythm of adipose tissue in obesity. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106579. [PMID: 36435269 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oleic acid (OA) on the regulation of the circadian rhythm present in human visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue from patients with morbid obesity has not been analyzed yet. VAT and SAT explants from patients with morbid obesity were incubated with OA to analyze the circadian regulation of clock and other genes related to lipid metabolism (SREBP-1c, FAS, LPL and CPT1), and their association with baseline variables and the improvement of these patients after bariatric surgery. There were significant differences in amplitude and acrophase in VAT with respect to SAT. In VAT, body weight negatively correlated with BMAL1 and CRY1 amplitude, and REVERBα acrophase; body mass index (BMI) negatively correlated with REVERBα acrophase; and waist circumference negatively correlated with PER3 acrophase. In SAT, BMI negatively correlated with CLOCK amplitude, and CLOCK, REVERBα and CRY2 MESOR; and waist circumference negatively correlated with PER3 amplitude and acrophase. A greater short-term improvement of body weight, BMI and waist circumference in patients with morbid obesity after bariatric surgery was associated with a lower CRY1 and CRY2 amplitude and an earlier PER1 and PER3 acrophase in SAT. OA produced a more relevant circadian rhythm and increased the amplitude of most clock genes and lipid metabolism-related genes. OA regulated the acrophase of most clock genes in VAT and SAT, placing CLOCK/BMAL1 in antiphase with regard to the other genes. OA increased the circadian rhythmicity, although with slight differences between adipose tissues. These differences could determine its different behavior in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flores Martín-Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Garcia-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Dámaris Rodriguez de Los Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gonzalo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose C Fernández-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Custodia Montiel-Casado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose L Fernández-Aguilar
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - José R Fernández
- Bioengeneering & Chronobiology Labs, atlanTTic Research Center, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas-CIBEREHD, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
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Codoñer-Alejos A, Carrasco-Luna J, Carrasco-García Á, Codoñer-Franch P. Reduced Free Fatty Acid Receptor 4 Gene Expression is Associated With Extreme Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:535-540. [PMID: 35703949 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) is a G-protein-coupled membrane receptor highly expressed in macrophages that triggers anti-inflammatory effects and promotes insulin sensitization. We have previously found significant associations between the FFAR4 rs11187533 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and various obesity comorbidity parameters. We aimed to verify the FFAR4 expression levels in children with obesity and the associated comorbidities. METHODS Thirty-eight children with obesity were studied. Clinical and anthropometric evaluation was performed. A venous sample under fasting conditions was obtained. Biochemical study included parameters of metabolic risk. DNA was extracted and genotyped for the rs11187533 FFAR4 SNP. Real-time PCR technique was performed to investigate the gene expression. Relative FFAR4 mRNA levels were determined according to the 2-ΔΔCt method. RESULTS Significant differences in FFAR4 expression levels between the CC and CT-TT genotypes of the rs11187533 FFAR4 SNP were observed (P = 0.034). The minor allele T presented higher levels of FFAR4 expression. We found that a loss of FFAR4 expression was associated with extreme obesity (P = 0.032). The lowest FFAR4 expression levels were observed in children who had higher insulin (P = 0.008) and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance values (P = 0.012) and lower quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS The underexpression of FFAR4 was associated with extreme obesity and parameters indicative of obesity comorbidities in children. This under expression could be partially influenced by the presence of the C allele rs11187533 FFAR4 SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joaquín Carrasco-Luna
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia
- Department of Experimental Science, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia
| | | | - Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Dr Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
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Zhao YF. Free fatty acid receptors in the endocrine regulation of glucose metabolism: Insight from gastrointestinal-pancreatic-adipose interactions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:956277. [PMID: 36246919 PMCID: PMC9554507 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.956277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is primarily controlled by pancreatic hormones, with the coordinated assistance of the hormones from gastrointestine and adipose tissue. Studies have unfolded a sophisticated hormonal gastrointestinal-pancreatic-adipose interaction network, which essentially maintains glucose homeostasis in response to the changes in substrates and nutrients. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are the important substrates that are involved in glucose metabolism. FFAs are able to activate the G-protein coupled membrane receptors including GPR40, GPR120, GPR41 and GPR43, which are specifically expressed in pancreatic islet cells, enteroendocrine cells as well as adipocytes. The activation of FFA receptors regulates the secretion of hormones from pancreas, gastrointestine and adipose tissue to influence glucose metabolism. This review presents the effects of the FFA receptors on glucose metabolism via the hormonal gastrointestinal-pancreatic-adipose interactions and the underlying intracellular mechanisms. Furthermore, the development of therapeutic drugs targeting FFA receptors for the treatment of abnormal glucose metabolism such as type 2 diabetes mellitus is summarized.
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Santiago-Fernández C, Martín-Reyes F, Tome M, Gutierrez-Repiso C, Fernandez-Garcia D, Ocaña-Wilhelmi L, Rivas-Becerra J, Tatzber F, Pursch E, Tinahones FJ, García-Fuentes E, Garrido-Sánchez L. Oxidized LDL Increase the Proinflammatory Profile of Human Visceral Adipocytes Produced by Hypoxia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111715. [PMID: 34829944 PMCID: PMC8615639 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the effects of hypoxia on scavenger receptors (SRs) levels in adipocytes. We analyzed the effect of morbid obesity and hypoxia on SRs and inflammation markers in human visceral adipocytes and whether ox-LDL modify the inflammatory profile produced by hypoxia. Methods: We studied in 17 non-obese and 20 subjects with morbid obesity (MO) the mRNA expression of HIF-1α, SRs (LOX-1, MSR1, CL-P1 and CXCL16), IL6 and TNFα in visceral adipocytes and the effect of hypoxia with or without ox-LDL on visceral in vitro-differentiated adipocytes (VDA). Results: HIF-1α, TNFα, IL6, LOX-1, MSR1 and CXCL16 expression in adipocytes was increased in MO when compared with those in non-obese subjects (p < 0.05). The expression of most of the inflammatory markers and SRs gene correlated with HIF-1α. In VDA, hypoxia increased TNFα, IL6, MSR1, CXCL16 and CL-P1 (p < 0.05) in non-obese subjects, and TNFα, IL6, MSR1 and CXCL16 (p < 0.05) in MO. Silencing HIF-1α prevented the increase of TNFα, IL6, LOX-1, MSR1, CL-P1 and CXCL16 expression (p < 0.05). The combination of hypoxia and ox-LDL produced higher TNFα expression (p = 0.041). Conclusions: Morbid obesity and hypoxia increased SRs and inflammatory markers in visceral adipocytes. In a hypoxic state, ox-LDL increased the proinflammatory response of visceral adipocytes to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Santiago-Fernández
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)/Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (F.M.-R.)
| | - Flores Martín-Reyes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)/Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (F.M.-R.)
| | - Monica Tome
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Carolina Gutierrez-Repiso
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)/Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (D.F.-G.); (L.G.-S.)
| | - Diego Fernandez-Garcia
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)/Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (D.F.-G.); (L.G.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Ocaña-Wilhelmi
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Jose Rivas-Becerra
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Franz Tatzber
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Edith Pursch
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum-Wien, 1200 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)/Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (D.F.-G.); (L.G.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.T.); (E.G.-F.)
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)/Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (F.M.-R.)
- CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.T.); (E.G.-F.)
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)/Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (C.G.-R.); (D.F.-G.); (L.G.-S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Garcia-Serrano S, Ho-Plagaro A, Santiago-Fernandez C, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Martín-Reyes F, Valdes S, Moreno-Ruiz FJ, Lopez-Gómez C, García-Fuentes E, Rodríguez-Pacheco F. An Isolated Dose of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Produces a Better Postprandial Gut Hormone Response, Lipidic, and Anti-Inflammatory Profile that Sunflower Oil: Effect of Morbid Obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100071. [PMID: 34476896 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluates the effects of 25 mL of three types of oils [extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), olive oil (OO), and sunflower oil (SO)] on postprandial (3 h) satiety markers and variables related to metabolic status and inflammation in non-obese patients (n = 6) and in those with morbid obesity (n = 6), before and 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass (RYGB). METHODS AND RESULTS After EVOO intake, serum acylated ghrelin decreases and GLP1 increases more than with OO and SO. EVOO causes a higher increase of insulin and lower postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and free fatty acid levels than with OO and SO. EVOO decreases TNFα and IL6 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with OO inducing intermediate effects and SO inducing an increase of these proinflammatory markers. These results are observed in non-obese patients and in those with morbid obesity after RYGB. However, patients with morbid obesity before RYGB show a profound alteration of this response. CONCLUSION EVOO produces more beneficial effects than OO, which has lower amounts of minor components, and SO, which has PUFA as its main component. RYGB produces an improvement in the metabolic response to all three types of oils in patients with morbid obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Garcia-Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Santiago-Fernandez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Flores Martín-Reyes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Valdes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Moreno-Ruiz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas-CIBEREHD, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
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Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases that includes obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). FFAs serve as ligands for free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) that belong to the family of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are expressed throughout the body to maintain energy homeostasis under changing nutritional conditions. Free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 120, is a long-chain fatty acid receptor highly expressed in adipocytes, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Activation of FFAR4 helps maintain metabolic homeostasis by regulating adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. Furthermore, dysfunction of FFAR4 is associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and eccentric remodeling in both humans and mice, making FFAR4 an attractive therapeutic target for treating or preventing metabolic diseases. While much of the previous literature on FFAR4 has focused on its role in obesity and diabetes, recent studies have demonstrated that FFAR4 may also play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and CVD. Most notably, FFAR4 activation reduces monocyte-endothelial cell interaction, enhances cholesterol efflux from macrophages, reduces lesion size in atherogenic mouse models, and stimulates oxylipin production in myocytes that functions in a feed-forward cardioprotective mechanism. This review will focus on the role of FFAR4 in metabolic diseases and highlights an underappreciated role of FFAR4 in the development of atherosclerosis and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage M Stuttgen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Effect of Obesity on the Expression of Nutrient Receptors and Satiety Hormones in the Human Colon. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041271. [PMID: 33924402 PMCID: PMC8070384 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Receptors located on enteroendocrine cells (EECs) of the colon can detect nutrients in the lumen. These receptors regulate appetite through a variety of mechanisms, including hormonal and neuronal signals. We assessed the effect of obesity on the expression of these G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and hormones at both mRNA and protein level. Methods: qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to examine colonic tissue from cohorts of patients from the Netherlands (proximal and sigmoid tissue) and the United Kingdom (tissue from across the colon) and patients were grouped by body mass index (BMI) value (BMI < 25 and BMI ≥ 25). Results: The mRNA expression of the hormones/signaling molecules serotonin, glucagon, peptide YY (PYY), CCK and somatostatin were not significantly different between BMI groups. GPR40 mRNA expression was significantly increased in sigmoid colon samples in the BMI ≥ 25 group, but not proximal colon. GPR41, GPR109a, GPR43, GPR120, GPRC6A, and CaSR mRNA expression were unaltered between low and high BMI. At the protein level, serotonin and PYY containing cell numbers were similar in high and low BMI groups. Enterochromaffin cells (EC) showed high degree of co-expression with amino acid sensing receptor, CaSR while co-expression with PYY containing L-cells was limited, regardless of BMI. Conclusions: While expression of medium/long chain fatty acid receptor GPR40 was increased in the sigmoid colon of the high BMI group, expression of other nutrient sensing GPCRs, and expression profiles of EECs involved in peripheral mechanisms of appetite regulation were unchanged. Collectively, these data suggest that in human colonic tissue, EEC and nutrient-sensing receptor expression profiles are not affected despite changes to BMI.
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11
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Lago-Sampedro A, Ho-Plagaro A, Garcia-Serrano S, Santiago-Fernandez C, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Lopez-Gómez C, Martín-Reyes F, Ruiz-Aldea G, Alcaín-Martínez G, Gonzalo M, Montiel-Casado C, Fernández JR, García-Fuentes E, Rodríguez-Pacheco F. Oleic acid restores the rhythmicity of the disrupted circadian rhythm found in gastrointestinal explants from patients with morbid obesity. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4324-4333. [PMID: 33531179 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We investigated whether oleic acid (OA), one of the main components of the Mediterranean diet, participates in the regulation of the intestinal circadian rhythm in patients with morbid obesity. METHODS Stomach and jejunum explants from patients with morbid obesity were incubated with oleic acid to analyze the regulation of clock genes. RESULTS Stomach explants showed an altered circadian rhythm in CLOCK, BMAL1, REVERBα, CRY1, and CRY2, and an absence in PER1, PER2, PER3 and ghrelin (p > 0.05). OA led to the emergence of rhythmicity in PER1, PER2, PER3 and ghrelin (p < 0.05). Jejunum explants showed an altered circadian rhythm in CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1 and PER3, and an absence in PER2, REVERBα, CRY1, CRY2 and GLP1 (p > 0.05). OA led to the emergence of rhythmicity in PER2, REVERBα, CRY1 and GLP1 (p < 0.05), but not in CRY2 (p > 0.05). OA restored the rhythmicity of acrophase and increased the amplitude for most of the genes studied in stomach and jejunum explants. OA placed PER1, PER2, PER3, REVERBα, CRY1 and CRY2 in antiphase with regard to CLOCK and BMAL1. CONCLUSIONS There is an alteration in circadian rhythm in stomach and jejunum explants in morbid obesity. OA restored the rhythmicity of the genes related with circadian rhythm, ghrelin and GLP1, although with slight differences between tissues, which could determine a different behaviour of the explants from jejunum and stomach in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lago-Sampedro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Garcia-Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Santiago-Fernandez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Flores Martín-Reyes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Ruiz-Aldea
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Alcaín-Martínez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gonzalo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Custodia Montiel-Casado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - José R Fernández
- Bioengineering & Chronobiology Labs, atlanTTic Research Center, University of Vigo, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
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12
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Fontalba-Romero MI, López-Enriquez S, Lago-Sampedro A, Garcia-Escobar E, Pastori RL, Domínguez-Bendala J, Alvarez-Cubela S, Valdés S, Rojo-Martinez G, García-Fuentes E, Labajos-Manzanares MT, García-Serrano S. Association between the Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome with Serum Levels of miRNA in Morbid Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020436. [PMID: 33572759 PMCID: PMC7911421 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Mediterranean diet (MD) could be involved in the regulation of different miRNAs related to metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: We analyzed the serum level of mir-let7a-5p, mir-21, mir-590, mir-107 and mir-192 in patients with morbid obesity and its association with the MD and MS. Results: There is an association between the adherence to MD and higher serum levels of mir-590. Mir-590 was lower in those patients who consumed >2 commercial pastries/week. Mir-let7a was lower in those who consumed ≥1 sweetened drinks, in those who consumed ≥3 pieces of fruit/day and in those who consumed less red than white meat. A lower mir-590 and mir-let7a, and a higher mir-192 level, were found in patients who met the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) criterion of MS. A higher mir-192 was found in those patients who met the triglyceride criterion of MS and in those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Conclusions: There is an association between specific serum levels of miRNAs and the amount and kind of food intake related to MD. Mir-590 was positively associated with a healthy metabolic profile and type of diet, while mir-192 was positively associated with a worse metabolic profile. These associations could be suggestive of a possible modulation of these miRNAs by food.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I. Fontalba-Romero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
| | - Soledad López-Enriquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Lago-Sampedro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Escobar
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ricardo L. Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.L.P.); (J.D.-B.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Juan Domínguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.L.P.); (J.D.-B.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Silvia Alvarez-Cubela
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.L.P.); (J.D.-B.); (S.A.-C.)
| | - Sergio Valdés
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 29009 Málaga, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martinez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 29009 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.R.-M); (E.G.-F.)
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.R.-M); (E.G.-F.)
| | | | - Sara García-Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.I.F.-R.); (A.L.-S.); (E.G.-E.); (S.V.); (S.G.-S.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 29009 Málaga, Spain
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13
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Husted AS, Ekberg JH, Tripp E, Nissen TAD, Meijnikman S, O'Brien SL, Ulven T, Acherman Y, Bruin SC, Nieuwdorp M, Gerhart-Hines Z, Calebiro D, Dragsted LO, Schwartz TW. Autocrine negative feedback regulation of lipolysis through sensing of NEFAs by FFAR4/GPR120 in WAT. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101103. [PMID: 33091626 PMCID: PMC7683346 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) released from adipocytes inhibit lipolysis through an unclear mechanism. We hypothesized that the LCFA receptor, FFAR4 (GPR120), which is highly expressed in adipocytes, may be involved in this feedback regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of conditioned media from isoproterenol-stimulated primary cultures of murine and human adipocytes demonstrated that most of the released non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFAs) are known agonists for FFAR4. In agreement with this, conditioned medium from isoproterenol-treated adipocytes stimulated signaling strongly in FFAR4 transfected COS-7 cells as opposed to non-transfected control cells. In transfected 3T3-L1 cells, FFAR4 agonism stimulated Gi- and Go-mini G protein binding more strongly than Gq, effects which were blocked by the selective FFAR4 antagonist AH7614. In primary cultures of murine white adipocytes, the synthetic, selective FFAR4 agonist CpdA inhibited isoproterenol-induced intracellular cAMP accumulation in a manner similar to the antilipolytic control agent nicotinic acid acting through another receptor, HCAR2. In vivo, oral gavage with the synthetic, specific FFAR4 agonist CpdB decreased the level of circulating NEFAs in fasting lean mice to a similar degree as nicotinic acid. In agreement with the identified anti-lipolytic effect of FFAR4, plasma NEFAs and glycerol were increased in FFAR4-deficient mice as compared to littermate controls despite having elevated insulin levels, and cAMP accumulation in primary adipocyte cultures was augmented by treatment with the FFAR4 antagonist conceivably by blocking the stimulatory tone of endogenous NEFAs on FFAR4. CONCLUSIONS In white adipocytes, FFAR4 functions as an NEFA-activated, autocrine, negative feedback regulator of lipolysis by decreasing cAMP though Gi-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sofie Husted
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jeppe H Ekberg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Emma Tripp
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Center of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Tinne A D Nissen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stijn Meijnikman
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Shannon L O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Center of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Yair Acherman
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.
| | - Sjoerd C Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Departments of Internal and Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Zach Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Center of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Section of Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark.
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Zhao YF, Li XC, Liang XY, Zhao YY, Xie R, Zhang LJ, Zhang XC, Chen C. GPR120 Regulates Pancreatic Polypeptide Secretion From Male Mouse Islets via PLC-Mediated Calcium Mobilization. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5900686. [PMID: 32877513 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) is expressed in pancreatic islets, but its specific cell distribution and function have not been fully established. In this study, a GPR120-IRES-EGFP knockin (KI) mouse was generated to identify GPR120-expressing cells with enhanced green fluorescence proteins (EGFP). EGFP-positive cells collected from KI mouse islets by flow cytometry had a significantly higher expression of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) evidenced by reverse transcriptase (RT)-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Single-cell RT-PCR and immunocytochemical double staining also demonstrated the coexpression of GPR120 with PP in mouse islets. The GPR120-specific agonist TUG-891 significantly increased plasma PP levels in mice. TUG-891 significantly increased PP levels in islet medium in vitro, which was markedly attenuated by GPR120 small interfering RNA treatment. TUG-891-stimulated PP secretion in islets was fully blocked by pretreatment with YM-254890 (a Gq protein inhibitor), U73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor), or thapsigargin (an inducer of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ depletion), respectively. TUG-891 triggered the increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in PP cells, which was also eliminated by YM-254890, U73122, or thapsigargin. GPR120 gene expression was significantly reduced in islets of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. TUG-891-stimulated PP secretion was also significantly diminished in vivo and in vitro in HFD-induced obese mice compared with that in normal-chow diet control mice. In summary, this study demonstrated that GPR120 is expressed in mouse islet PP cells and GPR120 activation stimulated PP secretion via the Gq/PLC-Ca2+ signaling pathway in normal-chow diet mice but with diminished effects in HFD-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang-Yan Liang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rong Xie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Oleic Acid Protects Against Insulin Resistance by Regulating the Genes Related to the PI3K Signaling Pathway. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082615. [PMID: 32806641 PMCID: PMC7463472 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of different types of fatty acids on the gene expression of key players in the IRS1/PI3K signaling pathway have been poorly studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed IRS1, p85α, and p110β mRNA expression and the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in visceral adipose tissue from patients with morbid obesity and from non-obese patients. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of those genes in visceral adipocytes incubated with oleic, linoleic, palmitic and dosahexaenoic acids. RESULTS We found a reduced IRS1 expression in patients with morbid obesity, independent of insulin resistance, and a reduced p110β expression in those with lower insulin resistance. A positive correlation was found between p85α and stearic acid, and between IRS1 and p110β with palmitic and dosahexaenoic acid. In contrast, a negative correlation was found between p85α and oleic acid, and between IRS1 and p110β with linoleic, arachidonic and adrenic acid. Incubation with palmitic acid decreased IRS1 expression. p85α was down-regulated after incubation with oleic and dosahexaenoic acid and up-regulated with palmitic acid. p110β expression was increased and decreased after incubation with oleic and palmitic acid, respectively. The ratio p85α/p110β was decreased by oleic and dosahexaenoic acid and increased by palmitic acid. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro results suggest a detrimental role of palmitic acid on the expression of gene related to insulin signaling pathway, with oleic acid being the one with the higher and more beneficial effects. DHA had a slight beneficial effect. Fatty acid-induced regulation of genes related to the IRS1/PI3K pathway may be a novel mechanism by which fatty acids regulate insulin sensitivity in visceral adipocytes.
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16
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Brown LH, Mutch DM. Mechanisms underlying N3-PUFA regulation of white adipose tissue endocrine function. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 52:40-46. [PMID: 32504953 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N3-PUFA) are widely reported to improve obesity-associated metabolic impairments, in part, through the regulation of adipokine and cytokine secretion from white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the precise underlying molecular mechanisms by which N3-PUFA influence WAT endocrine function remain poorly described. Available evidence supports that N3-PUFA and related bioactive lipid mediators regulate several intracellular pathways that converge on two important transcription factors: PPAR-γ and NF-κB. Further, N3-PUFA signaling through GPR120 appears integral for the regulation of adipokine and cytokine production. This review collates insights from in vitro and in vivo studies using genetic and chemical inhibition of key signaling proteins to describe the pathways by which N3-PUFA regulate WAT endocrine function. Existing gaps in knowledge and opportunities to advance our understanding in this area are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam H Brown
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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17
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Spatiotemporal dynamic monitoring of fatty acid-receptor interaction on single living cells by multiplexed Raman imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3518-3527. [PMID: 32015136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916238117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous fatty acid receptors have proven to play critical roles in normal physiology. Interactions among these receptor types and their subsequent membrane trafficking has not been fully elucidated, due in part to the lack of efficient tools to track these cellular events. In this study, we fabricated the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based molecular sensors for detection of two putative fatty acid receptors, G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), in a spatiotemporal manner in single cells. These SERS probes allowed multiplex detection of GPR120 and CD36, as well as a peak that represented the cell. This multiplexed sensing system enabled the real-time monitoring of fatty acid-induced receptor activation and dynamic distributions on the cell surface, as well as tracking of the receptors' internalization processes on the addition of fatty acid. Increased SERS signals were seen in engineered HEK293 cells with higher fatty acid concentrations, while decreased responses were found in cell line TBDc1, suggesting that the endocytic process requires innate cellular components. SERS mapping results confirm that GPR120 is the primary receptor and may work synergistically with CD36 in sensing polyunsaturated fatty acids and promoting Ca2+ mobilization, further activating the process of fatty acid uptake. The ability to detect receptors' locations and monitor fatty acid-induced receptor redistribution demonstrates the specificity and potential of our multiplexed SERS imaging platform in the study of fatty acid-receptor interactions and might provide functional information for better understanding their roles in fat intake and development of fat-induced obesity.
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18
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Daci A, Ozen G, Karaman EF, Teskin O, Caglayan M, Celik Z, Ozden S, Dashwood M, Uydes Dogan BS, Topal G. In Vitro Effects of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Vascular Tone of a Human Saphenous Vein: Influence of Precontractile Agents. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 64:318-327. [PMID: 31634596 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been widely reported. However, there are limited studies concerning their effects on human blood vessels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the direct vascular effects of EPA and DHA on the human saphenous vein (SV) precontracted with either prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), or thromboxane A2 analogue (U46619), or norepinephrine (NE). Moreover, we aimed to investigate the protein expression of free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) in human SV. METHODS Pretreatment of human SV rings with EPA and DHA (100 μM, 30 min) was tested on vascular reactivity induced by PGF2α (10 nM to 5 μM), NE (10 nM to 100 μM), and U46619 (1 nM to 100 nM). In addition, direct relaxant effects of EPA/DHA (1-100 μM) were tested in human SV rings precontracted by PGF2α, NE, and U46619. Furthermore, the involvement of potassium channels on their vascular effects was investigated in the presence of the nonselective K+ channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium chloride. RESULTS Pretreatment with EPA and DHA resulted in a significant decrease in vascular reactivity induced by U46619 and PGF2α compared to NE. In the presence of TEA, the relaxant effects of EPA and DHA were significantly decreased in SV preparations precontracted by U46619 and PGF2α for DHA. Furthermore, FFAR-4 protein was expressed in tissue extracts of human SV. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that both EPA and DHA reduce the increased vascular tone elicited by contractile agents on the human SV and that the direct vasorelaxant effect is likely to involve potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsev Ozen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Fatma Karaman
- Department of Pharmecutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onder Teskin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Caglayan
- Department of Pharmecutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Celik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ozden
- Department of Pharmecutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mick Dashwood
- Surgical and Interventional Sciences, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, London, UK
| | - B Sonmez Uydes Dogan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Topal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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19
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López S, García-Serrano S, Gutierrez-Repiso C, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Ho-Plagaro A, Santiago-Fernandez C, Alba G, Cejudo-Guillen M, Rodríguez-Cañete A, Valdes S, Garrido-Sanchez L, Pozo D, García-Fuentes E. Tissue-Specific Phenotype and Activation of iNKT Cells in Morbidly Obese Subjects: Interaction with Adipocytes and Effect of Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2019; 28:2774-2782. [PMID: 29619756 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune response of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in obesity, in particular the role of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, has not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To characterize iNKT cells and its activation status in VAT and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in morbidly obese subjects (MO), and to analyze their association with metabolic parameters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty non-obese and 20 MO subjects underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and were studied before and 6 months after RYGB. VAT and PBMC were obtained. RESULTS A decrease in VAT iNKT cells from MO was found, however, not in PBMC. Visceral adipocytes from MO presented increased CD1d expression (p = 0.032). MO presented an increase in early activated CD69+ iNKT cells in PBMC before RYGB (p < 0.001), but not after RYGB nor in VAT, and an increase in later activated CD25+ iNKT in VAT (p = 0.046), without differences in PBMC. The co-expression of early and later markers (CD69+CD25+) in iNKT cells was increased in MO in VAT (p = 0.050) and PBMC (p = 0.006), decreasing after RYGB (p = 0.050). CD69+ iNKT and CD69+CD25+ iNKT cells in PBMC after RYGB correlated negatively with glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance levels. CONCLUSIONS There is a tissue-specific phenotype and activation of iNKT cells in VAT in morbid obesity, which could be involved in VAT immunometabolism dysregulation. Also, the increase in CD1d expression could be to offset the lack of VAT iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad López
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Seville, Spain. .,CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CSIC-University of Seville-UPO-Junta de Andalucia), Seville, Spain. .,Dpto. Bioquímica Médica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Sara García-Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Malaga, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutierrez-Repiso
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Santiago-Fernandez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Alba
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Cejudo-Guillen
- CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CSIC-University of Seville-UPO-Junta de Andalucia), Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Cañete
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario, Malaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Valdes
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain.,Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sanchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Malaga, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain
| | - David Pozo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Seville Medical School, Seville, Spain.,CABIMER-Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CSIC-University of Seville-UPO-Junta de Andalucia), Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Malaga, Spain. .,Laboratorio de Investigación, Hospital Civil, Plaza del Hospital Civil s/n, 29009, Malaga, Spain.
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20
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Han YH, Shin KO, Kim JY, Khadka DB, Kim HJ, Lee YM, Cho WJ, Cha JY, Lee BJ, Lee MO. A maresin 1/RORα/12-lipoxygenase autoregulatory circuit prevents inflammation and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1684-1698. [PMID: 30855276 DOI: 10.1172/jci124219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor α (RORα) is considered a key regulator of polarization in liver macrophages that is closely related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathogenesis. However, hepatic microenvironments that support the function of RORα as a polarity regulator were largely unknown. Here, we identified maresin 1 (MaR1), a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) metabolite with a function of specialized proresolving mediator, as an endogenous ligand of RORα. MaR1 enhanced the expression and transcriptional activity of RORα and thereby increased the M2 polarity of liver macrophages. Administration of MaR1 protected mice from high-fat diet-induced NASH in a RORα-dependent manner. Surprisingly, RORα increased the level of MaR1 through transcriptional induction of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), a key enzyme in MaR1 biosynthesis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that modulation of 12-LOX activity enhanced the protective function of DHA against NASH. Together, these results suggest that the MaR1/RORα/12-LOX autoregulatory circuit could offer potential therapeutic strategies for curing NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Han
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyong-Oh Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daulat B Khadka
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Won-Jea Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Gene Regulation, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Bio-MAX Institute and.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Wang X, He S, Gu Y, Wang Q, Chu X, Jin M, Xu L, Wu Q, Zhou Q, Wang B, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zheng L. Fatty acid receptor GPR120 promotes breast cancer chemoresistance by upregulating ABC transporters expression and fatty acid synthesis. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:251-262. [PMID: 30738829 PMCID: PMC6413582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance is the major cause of neoadjuvant treatment failure in breast cancer patients. Despite recent progress, the mechanism underlying chemoresistance remains to be further defined. METHODS Expression of G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in the biopsies of primary breast cancer who subsequently underwent preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In vitro and in vivo loss- and gain-of -function studies were performed to reveal the effects and related mechanism of GPR120 signaling pathway in the chemoresistance of breast cancer cells. FINDINGS We identified that GPR120, a receptor for long-chain fatty acids, was important for the acquisition of chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. We showed that GPR120 expression was positively associated with clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients. In breast cancer cells, GPR120 enhanced the de novo synthesis of fatty acids that served as GPR120 ligands to activate GPR120 signaling via a feedback mechanism. Upregulated GPR120 signaling rendered cells resistant to epirubicin-induced cell death by upregulating ABC transporters expression and thus decreasing the intracellular accumulation of epirubicin. Akt/NF-κB pathway was responsible for the GPR120-mediated expression of ABC transporters leading to modulation of the concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs in cells. The functional importance of GPR120 in chemoresistance was further validated using epirubicin-treated tumor xenografts, in which we showed that blockade of GPR120 signaling with AH7614 or GPR120-siRNA significantly compromised chemoresistance. INTERPRETATION Our results highlight that GPR120 might be a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer chemoresistance. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yuting Gu
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jin
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianjun Zhou
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Leizhen Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China; Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China..
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22
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Palomer X, Pizarro-Delgado J, Barroso E, Vázquez-Carrera M. Palmitic and Oleic Acid: The Yin and Yang of Fatty Acids in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:178-190. [PMID: 29290500 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increased plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) link obesity with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, in contrast to the saturated FA (SFA) palmitic acid, the monounsaturated FA (MUFA) oleic acid elicits beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity, and the dietary palmitic acid:oleic acid ratio impacts diabetes risk in humans. Here we review recent mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of oleic acid compared with palmitic acid on insulin resistance and T2DM, including its anti-inflammatory actions, and its capacity to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, prevent attenuation of the insulin signaling pathway, and improve β cell survival. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the antidiabetic effects of oleic acid may contribute to understanding the benefits of this FA in the prevention or delay of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pizarro-Delgado
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Song T, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Wei H, Peng J. GPR120: a critical role in adipogenesis, inflammation, and energy metabolism in adipose tissue. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2723-2733. [PMID: 28285320 PMCID: PMC11107682 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that adipose tissue has a critical role in the development of obesity and metabolic diseases and that adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism. Accumulating in the adipose tissue, fatty acids serve as a primary source of essential nutrients and act on intracellular and cell surface receptors to regulate biological events. G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) represents a promising target for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic disorders for its involvement in the regulation of adipogenesis, inflammation, glucose uptake, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize recent studies and advances regarding the systemic role of GPR120 in adipose tissue, including both white and brown adipocytes. We offer a new perspective by comparing the different roles in a variety of homeostatic processes from adipogenic development to adipocyte metabolism, and we also discuss the effects of natural and synthetic agonists that may be potential agents for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxing Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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24
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Growth hormone-releasing hormone is produced by adipocytes and regulates lipolysis through growth hormone receptor. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017. [PMID: 28626214 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) has a crucial role in growth hormone (GH) secretion, but little is known about its production by adipocytes and its involvement in adipocyte metabolism. OBJECTIVES To determine whether GHRH and its receptor (GHRH-R) are present in human adipocytes and to study their levels in obesity. Also, to analyze the effects of GHRH on human adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis. METHODS GHRH/GHRH-R and GH/GH-R mRNA expression levels were analyzed in human mature adipocytes from non-obese and morbidly obese subjects. Human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC) were differentiated to adipocytes with GHRH (10-14-10-8 M). Adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis and gene expression were measured and the effect of GH-R silencing was determined. RESULTS Mature adipocytes from morbidly obese subjects showed a higher expression of GHRH and GH-R, and a lower expression of GHRH-R and GH than non-obese subjects (P<0.05). A total of 10-14-10-10 M GHRH induced an inhibition of lipid accumulation and PPAR-γ expression (P<0.05), and an increase in glycerol release and HSL expression (P<0.05) in human differentiated adipocytes. A total of 10-12-10-8 M GHRH decreased GHRH-R expression in human differentiated adipocytes (P<0.05). A total of 10-10-10-8 M GHRH increased GH and GH-R expression in human differentiated adipocytes (P<0.05). The effects of GHRH at 10-10 M on adipocyte differentiation and lipolysis were blocked when GH-R expression was silenced. CONCLUSIONS GHRH and GHRH-R are expressed in human adipocytes and are negatively associated. GHRH at low doses may exert an anti-obesity effect by inhibiting HMSC differentiation in adipocytes and by increasing adipocyte lipolysis in an autocrine or paracrine pathway. These effects are mediated by GH and GH-R.
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25
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Satapati S, Qian Y, Wu MS, Petrov A, Dai G, Wang SP, Zhu Y, Shen X, Muise ES, Chen Y, Zycband E, Weinglass A, Di Salvo J, Debenham JS, Cox JM, Lan P, Shah V, Previs SF, Erion M, Kelley DE, Wang L, Howard AD, Shang J. GPR120 suppresses adipose tissue lipolysis and synergizes with GPR40 in antidiabetic efficacy. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1561-1578. [PMID: 28583918 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m075044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR40 and GPR120 are fatty acid sensors that play important roles in glucose and energy homeostasis. GPR40 potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion and demonstrated in clinical studies robust glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. GPR120 improves insulin sensitivity in rodents, albeit its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Here, we postulated that the antidiabetic efficacy of GPR40 could be enhanced by coactivating GPR120. A combination of GPR40 and GPR120 agonists in db/db mice, as well as a single molecule with dual agonist activities, achieved superior glycemic control compared with either monotherapy. Compared with a GPR40 selective agonist, the dual agonist improved insulin sensitivity in ob/ob mice measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, preserved islet morphology, and increased expression of several key lipolytic genes in adipose tissue of Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Novel insights into the mechanism of action for GPR120 were obtained. Selective GPR120 activation suppressed lipolysis in primary white adipocytes, although this effect was attenuated in adipocytes from obese rats and obese rhesus, and sensitized the antilipolytic effect of insulin in rat and rhesus primary adipocytes. In conclusion, GPR120 agonism enhances insulin action in adipose tissue and yields a synergistic efficacy when combined with GPR40 agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Qian
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Margaret S Wu
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Aleksandr Petrov
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Ge Dai
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Sheng-Ping Wang
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Yonghua Zhu
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Xiaolan Shen
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Eric S Muise
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Ying Chen
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Emanuel Zycband
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Adam Weinglass
- Genetics and Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Jerry Di Salvo
- Genetics and Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - John S Debenham
- Genetics and Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Jason M Cox
- Genetics and Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Ping Lan
- Genetics and Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Vinit Shah
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Stephen F Previs
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Mark Erion
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - David E Kelley
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Liangsu Wang
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Andrew D Howard
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033
| | - Jin Shang
- Cardiometabolic Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033.
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26
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Abstract
Overfeeding of fat can cause various metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diet provided free fatty acids (FFAs) are not only essential nutrients, but they are also recognized as signaling molecules, which stimulate various important biological functions. Recently, several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including FFA1-4, have been identified as receptors of FFAs by various physiological and pharmacological studies. FFAs exert physiological functions through these FFA receptors (FFARs) depending on carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation. Functional analyses have revealed that several important metabolic processes, such as peptide hormone secretion, cell maturation and nerve activities, are regulated by FFARs and thereby FFARs contribute to the energy homeostasis through these physiological functions. Hence, FFARs are expected to be promising pharmacological targets for metabolic disorders since imbalances in energy homeostasis lead to metabolic disorders. In human, it is established that different responses of individuals to endogenous ligands and chemical drugs may be due to differences in the ability of such ligands to activate nucleotide polymorphic variants of receptors. However, the clear links between genetic variations that are involved in metabolic disorders and polymorphisms receptors have been relatively difficult to assess. In this review, I summarize current literature describing physiological functions of FFARs and genetic variations of those receptors to discuss the potential of FFARs as drug targets for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29, Sakyo-ku, yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Song T, Zhou Y, Peng J, Tao YX, Yang Y, Xu T, Peng J, Ren J, Xiang Q, Wei H. GPR120 promotes adipogenesis through intracellular calcium and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signal pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 434:1-13. [PMID: 27302893 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous researches have demonstrated that GPR120 (also called FFAR4) exerts novel functions in insulin resistance and adipogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism of GPR120-mediated adipogenic differentiation is still unclear. This study was aimed to interpret the relevant function mechanism of GPR120 in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that GPR120 expression was dramatically increased along with the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the adipogenic ability was significantly inhibited in shGPR120-transfected cells. TUG-891, a selective agonist of GPR120, promoted the intracellular triglyceride accumulation in a dose-dependent manner and did not enhance adipogenesis in shGPR120-transfected cells. Markedly, TUG-891 increased the activation of PPARγ in a GPR120-dependent pathway as assessed by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, in the adipogenic differentiation process of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, TUG-891 increased the [Ca(2+)]i and phosphorylation level of ERK1/2. Pretreatment with inhibitors of either ERK1/2 (U0126) or [Ca(2+)]i (BAPTA-AM) notably attenuated the GPR120-mediated adipogenesis. These results show that GPR120 promotes adipogenesis by increasing PPARγ expression via [Ca(2+)]i and ERK1/2 signal pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxing Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiao Ren
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Quanhang Xiang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Milligan G, Shimpukade B, Ulven T, Hudson BD. Complex Pharmacology of Free Fatty Acid Receptors. Chem Rev 2016; 117:67-110. [PMID: 27299848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are historically the most successful family of drug targets. In recent times it has become clear that the pharmacology of these receptors is far more complex than previously imagined. Understanding of the pharmacological regulation of GPCRs now extends beyond simple competitive agonism or antagonism by ligands interacting with the orthosteric binding site of the receptor to incorporate concepts of allosteric agonism, allosteric modulation, signaling bias, constitutive activity, and inverse agonism. Herein, we consider how evolving concepts of GPCR pharmacology have shaped understanding of the complex pharmacology of receptors that recognize and are activated by nonesterified or "free" fatty acids (FFAs). The FFA family of receptors is a recently deorphanized set of GPCRs, the members of which are now receiving substantial interest as novel targets for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Further understanding of the complex pharmacology of these receptors will be critical to unlocking their ultimate therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bharat Shimpukade
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Brian D Hudson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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The pro-/anti-inflammatory effects of different fatty acids on visceral adipocytes are partially mediated by GPR120. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1743-1752. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ulven T, Christiansen E. Dietary Fatty Acids and Their Potential for Controlling Metabolic Diseases Through Activation of FFA4/GPR120. Annu Rev Nutr 2016; 35:239-63. [PMID: 26185978 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071714-034410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the amount and type of ingested fat impacts the development of obesity and metabolic diseases, but the potential for beneficial effects from fat has received less attention. It is becoming clear that the composition of the individual fatty acids in diet is important. Besides acting as precursors of potent signaling molecules, dietary fatty acids act directly on intracellular and cell surface receptors. The free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4, previously GPR120) is linked to the regulation of body weight, inflammation, and insulin resistance and represents a potential target for the treatment of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this review, we discuss the various types of dietary fatty acids, the link between FFA4 and metabolic diseases, the potential effects of the individual fatty acids on health, and the ability of fatty acids to activate FFA4. We also discuss the possibility of dietary schemes that implement activation of FFA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Ulven
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark;
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31
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The expression of genes involved in jejunal lipogenesis and lipoprotein synthesis is altered in morbidly obese subjects with insulin resistance. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1409-17. [PMID: 26367490 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dyslipidemia associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, until now little attention has been paid to the role that the intestine might have. The aim of this research was to determine the relation between insulin resistance and intestinal de novo lipogenesis/lipoprotein synthesis in morbidly obese subjects and to study the effect of insulin on these processes. Jejunal mRNA expression of the different genes involved in the intestinal de novo lipogenesis/lipoprotein synthesis was analyzed in three groups of morbidly obese subjects: Group 1 with low insulin resistance (MO-low-IR), group 2 with high insulin resistance (MO-high-IR), and group 3 with T2DM and treatment with metformin (MO-metf-T2DM). In addition, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from MO-low-IR were incubated with different doses of insulin/glucose. In Group 2 (MO-high-IR), the jejunal mRNA expression levels of apo A-IV, ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta (PDHB), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) were significantly higher and acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACC1) and fatty-acid synthase lower than in Group 1 (MO-low-IR). In Group 3 (MO-metf-T2DM), only the ACLY and PDHB mRNA expressions were significantly higher than in Group 1 (MO-low-IR). The mRNA expression of most of the genes studied was significantly linked to insulin and glucose levels. The incubation of IEC with different doses of insulin and glucose produced a higher expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, apo A-IV, SREBP-1c, and ACC1 when both, glucose and insulin, were at a high concentration. However, with only high insulin levels, there were higher apo A-IV, PDHB and SREBP-1c expressions, and a lower ACLY expression. In conclusion, the jejunum of MO-high-IR has a decreased mRNA expression of genes involved in de novo fatty-acid synthesis and an increase of genes involved in acetyl-CoA and lipoprotein synthesis. This effect is attenuated by metformin. In addition, the expression of most of the genes studied was found to be regulated by insulin.
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Garcia-Serrano S, Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Gonzalo M, Garcia-Arnes J, Valdes S, Soriguer F, Perez-Valero V, Alaminos-Castillo MA, Francisco Cobos-Bravo J, Moreno-Ruiz FJ, Rodriguez-Cañete A, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Garcia-Escobar E, García-Fuentes E. C-peptide modifies leptin and visfatin secretion in human adipose tissue. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1607-15. [PMID: 26146822 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of C-peptide on adipose tissue, an organ involved in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, are not yet well known. The aim of this study was to determine whether C-peptide could be involved in the regulation of the adipocytokine synthesis in human visceral adipose tissue. METHODS The association between C-peptide and different serum adipocytokines, with an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and in an in vitro study in subjects without obesity and in subjects with morbid obesity were analyzed. RESULTS In different multiple regression analysis models, C-peptide and C-peptide increase above basal levels during total IVGTT and between 0 and 10 min were associated positively with leptin and negatively with visfatin. Rhodamine-labeled C-peptide binds to human adipocytes, and this binding was blocked with excess of unlabeled C-peptide. Exposure of human visceral explants and adipocytes from subjects with morbid obesity to C-peptide at 1 and 10 nM induced a significant increase in leptin and a decrease in visfatin secretion. In subjects without obesity, these C-peptide effects were found mainly at 10 nM. These effects can be inhibited by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or protein kinase B (PKB) inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS C-peptide may be involved in the regulation of leptin and visfatin secretion, molecules intimately involved in energy homeostasis processes, through PI3K or PKB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Garcia-Serrano
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gonzalo
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Garcia-Arnes
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Valdes
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
| | - Federico Soriguer
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Málaga, Spain
| | - Vidal Perez-Valero
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Laboratorio, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alaminos-Castillo
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Laboratorio, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Cobos-Bravo
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Cirugía General, Digestiva Y Trasplantes, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Moreno-Ruiz
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Cirugía General, Digestiva Y Trasplantes, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodriguez-Cañete
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Cirugía General, Digestiva Y Trasplantes, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Escobar
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER De Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto De Investigacion Biomédica De Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Málaga, Spain
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Diot M, Reverchon M, Rame C, Froment P, Brillard JP, Brière S, Levêque G, Guillaume D, Dupont J. Expression of adiponectin, chemerin and visfatin in plasma and different tissues during a laying season in turkeys. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:81. [PMID: 26228641 PMCID: PMC4521348 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mammals, adipose tissue is able to secrete various hormones called adipokines including adiponectin (ADP), chemerin (Chem) and visfatin (Visf) which are involved in controlling energy metabolism as well as reproductive functions. Visf receptor is still unknown whereas ADP and Chem mainly act through AdipoR1, AdipoR2 and CMKLR1 and GPR1 receptors, respectively. No studies have yet demonstrated the presence of these three adipokines in peripheral tissues, ovarian cells or turkey plasma. Here, we investigated the expression (mRNA and protein) of ADP, Chem, Visf and their receptors in peripheral tissues and ovarian cells (granulosa and theca cells) from hierarchical follicles. Furthermore, we determined the plasma profile of ADP, Visf and Chem at different physiological stages: start, peak and end of the laying period in Meleagris gallopavo turkeys. This data was correlated with the metabolic data (plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids). METHODS Tissue and ovarian cells mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by RT-qPCR and immunoblot, respectively. Plasma adipokines were measured by chicken ELISA and immunoblotting. RESULTS In turkeys, Chem is mainly expressed in the liver while ADP and Visf are mainly expressed in the abdominal adipose tissue and pectoral muscles,respectively. As in mammals, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression levels (mRNA and protein) are highly present in muscle and liver, respectively, whereas the mRNA expression of CMKLR1 and GPR1 is ubiquitous. In ovarian cells, ADP, Visf, Chem and their receptors are more highly expressed in theca cells than in granulosa cells excepted for AdipoR1. Furthermore, we found that plasma levels of ADP, Chem and Visf were reduced at the end of the laying period compared to the start of this period. At the plasma levels, the levels of these adipokines are strongly negatively correlated with glucose and only plasma Chem is negatively correlated with cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS In turkeys, ADP, Visf and Chem and their receptors are expressed in peripheral tissues and ovarian cells. Plasma concentration of ADP, Visf and Chem decrease at the end of laying period and only plasma Chem is negatively correlated with levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids levels during the entire laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Diot
- INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
- CNRS, UMR6175, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, F-37041, France.
- IFCE, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
| | - Maxime Reverchon
- INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
- CNRS, UMR6175, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, F-37041, France.
- IFCE, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
| | - Christelle Rame
- INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
- CNRS, UMR6175, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, F-37041, France.
- IFCE, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
- CNRS, UMR6175, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, F-37041, France.
- IFCE, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Brillard
- Fertilité et reproduction avicole (FERTIL'AVI), Rouziers-de-Touraine, F-37360, France.
| | - Sylvain Brière
- Hendrix Genetics-Grelier, Saint Laurent de la Plaine, F-49290, France.
| | - Gérard Levêque
- Hendrix Genetics-Grelier, Saint Laurent de la Plaine, F-49290, France.
| | - Daniel Guillaume
- INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
- CNRS, UMR6175, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, F-37041, France.
- IFCE, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
- CNRS, UMR6175, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, F-37041, France.
- IFCE, Nouzilly, F-37380, France.
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Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass-induced weight loss on the transcriptomic profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015; 12:257-63. [PMID: 26615868 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The changes in the transcriptomic profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) when weight loss stabilizes after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are still largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the changes produced in SAT gene expression of morbidly obese women when their weight loss stabilizes 2 years after RYGB. SETTING University hospital. METHODS SAT biopsies of the periumbilical area were taken before and 2 years after RYGB. Gene expression levels were assessed by microarray analysis and significant differences in gene expression were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The findings were also confirmed in an independent population of morbidly obese women. RESULTS Microarray analysis revealed that the overexpressed differentially expressed genes have a prominent role in the pathways involved in biosynthetic processes, especially lipid or carboxylic ones (stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase-1, fatty acid desaturase-1, fatty acid elongase-6, ATP citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, lipin-1, monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase, patatin-like phospholipase domain containing-3, phosphate cytidylyltransferase-2, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, transmembrane 7 superfamily member 2, pyruvate carboxylase, and glycogen synthase 2). Most of the underexpressed differentially expressed genes are related with immune system and inflammation processes (immune responses, response to stress, cell death, regulation of biological quality, immune effector process, the response to endogenous stimulus, and the response to other types of stimulus). CONCLUSION An improvement of the SAT inflammatory and immune profile and an induction of genes involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism are shown when weight loss stabilizes 2 years after RYGB. Most of the genes shown are clearly linked to obesity and other metabolic disorders.
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Cloning and characterization of spliced variants of the porcine G protein coupled receptor 120. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:813816. [PMID: 26075265 PMCID: PMC4449883 DOI: 10.1155/2015/813816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) receptor GPR120 exerts a significant impact on systemic nutrient homeostasis in human and rodents. However, the porcine GPR120 (pGPR120) has not been well characterized. In the current study, we found that pGPR120 had 3 spliced variants. Transcript 1 encoded 362-amino acids (aa) wild type pGPR120-WT, which shared 88% homology with human short form GPR120. Transcript 1 was the mainly expressed transcript of pGPR120. It was expressed predominantly in ileum, jejunum, duodenum, spleen, and adipose. Transcript 3 (coding 320-aa isoform) was detected in spleen, while the transcript 2 (coding 310-aa isoform) was only slightly expressed in spleen. A selective agonist for human GPR120 (TUG-891) and PUFAs activated SRE-luc and NFAT-luc reporter in HEK293T cells transfected with construct for pGPR120-WT but not pGPR120-V2. However, 320-aa isoform was not a dominant negative isoform. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation levels in cells transfected with construct for pGPR120-WT were well activated by PUFAs, especially n-3 PUFA. These results showed that although pGPR120 had 3 transcripts, transcript 1 which encoded pGPR120-WT was the mainly expressed transcript. TUG-891 and PUFAs, especially n-3 PUFA, well activated pGPR120-WT. The current study contributed to dissecting the molecular regulation mechanisms of n-3 PUFA in pigs.
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Hasan AU, Ohmori K, Konishi K, Igarashi J, Hashimoto T, Kamitori K, Yamaguchi F, Tsukamoto I, Uyama T, Ishihara Y, Noma T, Tokuda M, Kohno M. Eicosapentaenoic acid upregulates VEGF-A through both GPR120 and PPARγ mediated pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 406:10-8. [PMID: 25697344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) released from adipocytes promotes angiogenesis; and thereby ameliorates the local hypoxia-induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. Here, we newly found that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) upregulated both mRNA expression and release of VEGF-A in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Silencing mRNA of G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) and specific inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) by GW9662 respectively attenuated the EPA-induced augmentation of VEGF-A release by adipocytes. Furthermore, transfection of GPR120 gene alone and PPARγ gene alone to HEK293 cells respectively increased the promoter activity of VEGF-A as assessed by luciferase reporter assay, which was further augmented when both genes were co-transfected. Promoter deletion analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that co-transfection of GPR120 enhanced EPA-induced PPARγ binding to PPAR-response element in VEGF-A promoter region. Thus, by the synchronized activation of a membrane receptor GRP120 and a nuclear receptor PPARγ, EPA enhances VEGF-A production in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif U Hasan
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Koji Ohmori
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Kumi Konishi
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Junsuke Igarashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Kamitori
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Fuminori Yamaguchi
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Ikuko Tsukamoto
- Department of Pharmaco-Bio-Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takahisa Noma
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tokuda
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kohno
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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Huerta AE, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Sáinz N, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Supplementation with α-Lipoic Acid Alone or in Combination with Eicosapentaenoic Acid Modulates the Inflammatory Status of Healthy Overweight or Obese Women Consuming an Energy-Restricted Diet. J Nutr 2015; 146:889S-896S. [PMID: 26962183 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.224105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proinflammatory state induced by obesity plays an important role in obesity-related metabolic complications. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with α-lipoic acid (LA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), separately or in combination, could improve inflammatory and cardiovascular disease risk markers in healthy overweight or obese women consuming an energy-restricted diet. METHODS Within the context of the Effects of Lipoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Human Obesity (OBEPALIP) study, Caucasian women (n = 73) aged 20-50 y with a BMI (in kg/m2) between 27.5 and 40 consumed an energy-restricted diet for 10 wk after being randomly assigned to 1 of 4 parallel experimental groups: a control group or groups supplemented with 1.3 g EPA/d, 0.3 g LA/d, or both. Secondary outcomes were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. These included circulating inflammatory [C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), chemerin, haptoglobin, amyloid A, and leukocytes] and cardiovascular disease risk markers (platelet count and circulating apelin, asymmetric dimethylarginine, vascular endothelial growth factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1). Gene expression of IL6, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 (ADGRE1), interleukin 10 (IL10), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, and adiponectin was measured in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies at endpoint. RESULTS Supplementation with LA caused a greater reduction in some circulating inflammatory risk markers, such as CRP (-0.13 ± 0.07 mg/dL compared with 0.06 ± 0.07 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and leukocyte count (-0.74 ± 0.18 × 103/mm3 compared with 0.06 ± 0.18 × 103/mm3, P < 0.01), than in the groups that were not supplemented with LA. In contrast, the fall in apelin concentrations that accompanied weight loss was less pronounced in groups that were supplemented with LA (-1.1 ± 4.9 pg/mL) than in those that were not (-21.3 ± 4.8 pg/mL, P < 0.01). In adipose tissue, compared with those who did not receive EPA, EPA-supplemented groups exhibited a downregulation of ADGRE1 (0.7 ± 0.1-fold compared with 1.0 ± 0.1-fold) (P < 0.05) and an upregulation of IL10 (1.8 ± 0.2-fold compared with 1.0 ± 0.2-fold) (P < 0.05) gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplementation with LA improves some systemic inflammatory and cardiovascular disease-related risk markers in healthy overweight or obese women independently of weight loss, whereas EPA modulates inflammation-related genes in adipose tissue. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01138774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E Huerta
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro L Prieto-Hontoria
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
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