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Bugler H, Berto R, Souza R, Harris AD. Frequency and phase correction of GABA-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy using complex-valued convolutional neural networks. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 111:186-195. [PMID: 38744351 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the significance of complex-valued inputs and complex-valued convolutions compared to real-valued inputs and real-valued convolutions in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for frequency and phase correction (FPC) of GABA-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data. METHODS An ablation study using simulated data was performed to determine the most effective input (real or complex) and convolution type (real or complex) to predict frequency and phase shifts in GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS data using CNNs. The best CNN model was subsequently compared using both simulated and in vivo data to two recently proposed deep learning (DL) methods for FPC of GABA-edited MRS. All methods were trained using the same experimental setup and evaluated using the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and linewidth of the GABA peak, choline artifact, and by visually assessing the reconstructed final difference spectrum. Statistical significance was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS The ablation study showed that using complex values for the input represented by real and imaginary channels in our model input tensor, with complex convolutions was most effective for FPC. Overall, in the comparative study using simulated data, our CC-CNN model (that received complex-valued inputs with complex convolutions) outperformed the other models as evaluated by the mean absolute error. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the optimal CNN configuration for GABA-edited MRS FPC uses a complex-valued input and complex convolutions. Overall, this model outperformed existing DL models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bugler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary,Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Rodrigo Berto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary,Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Roberto Souza
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary,Canada; Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary,Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
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Saucedo A, Thomas MA. Single-shot diffusion trace spectroscopic imaging using radial echo planar trajectories. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:926-944. [PMID: 38725389 PMCID: PMC11209789 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Demonstrate the feasibility and evaluate the performance of single-shot diffusion trace-weighted radial echo planar spectroscopic imaging (Trace DW-REPSI) for quantifying the trace ADC in phantom and in vivo using a 3T clinical scanner. THEORY AND METHODS Trace DW-REPSI datasets were acquired in 10 phantom and 10 healthy volunteers, with a maximum b-value of 1601 s/mm2 and diffusion time of 10.75 ms. The self-navigation properties of radial acquisitions were used for corrections of shot-to-shot phase and frequency shift fluctuations of the raw data. In vivo trace ADCs of total NAA (tNAA), total creatine (tCr), and total choline (tCho) extrapolated to pure gray and white matter fractions were compared, as well as trace ADCs estimated in voxels within white or gray matter-dominant regions. RESULTS Trace ADCs in phantom show excellent agreement with reported values, and in vivo ADCs agree well with the expected differences between gray and white matter. For tNAA, tCr, and tCho, the trace ADCs extrapolated to pure gray and white matter ranged from 0.18-0.27 and 0.26-0.38 μm2/ms, respectively. In sets of gray and white matter-dominant voxels, the values ranged from 0.21 to 0.27 and 0.24 to 0.31 μm2/ms, respectively. The overestimated trace ADCs from this sequence can be attributed to the short diffusion time. CONCLUSION This study presents the first demonstration of the single-shot diffusion trace-weighted spectroscopic imaging sequence using radial echo planar trajectories. The Trace DW-REPSI sequence could provide an estimate of the trace ADC in a much shorter scan time compared to conventional approaches that require three separate measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Saucedo
- Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - M. Albert Thomas
- Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Psychiatry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Aghaeifar A, Bosch D, Heule R, Williams S, Ehses P, Mauconduit F, Scheffler K. Intra-scan RF power amplifier drift correction. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:645-659. [PMID: 38469935 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The drift in radiofrequency (RF) power amplifiers (RFPAs) is assessed and several contributing factors are investigated. Two approaches for prospective correction of drift are proposed and their effectiveness is evaluated. METHODS RFPA drift assessment encompasses both intra-pulse and inter-pulse drift analyses. Scan protocols with varying flip angle (FA), RF length, and pulse repetition time (TR) are used to gauge the influence of these parameters on drift. Directional couplers (DICOs) monitor the forward waveforms of the RFPA outputs. DICOs data is stored for evaluation, allowing calculation of correction factors to adjust RFPAs' transmit voltage. Two correction methods, predictive and run-time, are employed: predictive correction necessitates a calibration scan, while run-time correction calculates factors during the ongoing scan. RESULTS RFPA drift is indeed influenced by the RF duty-cycle, and in the cases examined with a maximum duty-cycle of 66%, the potential drift is approximately 41% or 15%, depending on the specific RFPA revision. Notably, in low transmit voltage scenarios, FA has minimal impact on RFPA drift. The application of predictive and run-time drift correction techniques effectively reduces the average drift from 10.0% to less than 1%, resulting in enhanced MR signal stability. CONCLUSION Utilizing DICO recordings and implementing a feedback mechanism enable the prospective correction of RFPA drift. Having a calibration scan, predictive correction can be utilized with fewer complexity; for enhanced performance, a run-time approach can be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aghaeifar
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dario Bosch
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rahel Heule
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sydney Williams
- Imaging Centre of Excellence, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Philipp Ehses
- MR Physics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Collée M, Rajkumar R, Farrher E, Hagen J, Ramkiran S, Schnellbächer GJ, Khudeish N, Shah NJ, Veselinović T, Neuner I. Predicting performance in attention by measuring key metabolites in the PCC with 7T MRS. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17099. [PMID: 39048626 PMCID: PMC11269673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is a key hub of the default mode network and is known to play an important role in attention. Using ultra-high field 7 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify neurometabolite concentrations, this exploratory study investigated the effect of the concentrations of myo-inositol (Myo-Ins), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), aspartate or aspartic acid (Asp) and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) in the PCC on attention in forty-six healthy participants. Each participant underwent an MRS scan and cognitive testing, consisting of a trail-making test (TMT A/B) and a test of attentional performance. After a multiple regression analysis and bootstrapping for correction, the findings show that Myo-Ins and Asp significantly influence (p < 0.05) attentional tasks. On one hand, Myo-Ins shows it can improve the completion times of both TMT A and TMT B. On the other hand, an increase in aspartate leads to more mistakes in Go/No-go tasks and shows a trend towards enhancing reaction time in Go/No-go tasks and stability of alertness without signal. No significant (p > 0.05) influence of Glu, Gln and GABA was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Collée
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - R Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - E Farrher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - J Hagen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - S Ramkiran
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - G J Schnellbächer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - N Khudeish
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - N J Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Veselinović
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - I Neuner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany.
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McGregor KM, Novak T, Nocera JR, Mammino K, Wolf SL, Krishnamurthy LC. Examination of acute spin exercise on GABA levels in aging and stroke: The EASE study protocol. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297841. [PMID: 39008457 PMCID: PMC11249249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in regional levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may indicate the potential for favorable responses to the treatment of stroke affecting the upper extremity. By selectively altering GABA levels during training, we may induce long-term potentiation and adjust excitatory/inhibitory balance (E/I balance). However, the impact of this alteration may be limited by neural damage or aging. Aerobic exercise has been shown to increase GABA levels in the sensorimotor cortex and improve motor learning by widening the dynamic range of E/I balance. The cross-sectional project, Effects of Acute Exercise on Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Measures of GABA in Aging and Chronic Stroke (EASE), is designed to assess the functional relevance of changes in GABA concentration within the sensorimotor cortex before and after an acute aerobic exercise session. METHODS/DESIGN EASE will enroll 30 participants comprised of healthy younger adults (18-35 years; n = 10), older adults (60+ years; n = 10), and persons with chronic stroke (n = 10) affecting distal upper extremity function. We will use resting magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure all participants' GABA levels at rest before and after aerobic exercise. In addition, we will employ functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy using motor skill acquisition and recall tasks in healthy adults. We hypothesize that acute aerobic exercise will increase resting sensorimotor GABA concentration and that higher GABA resting levels will predict better motor learning performance on measures taken both inside and outside the magnet. We also hypothesize that a higher dynamic range of GABA during task-based spectroscopy in healthy adults will predict better motor skill acquisition and recall. DISCUSSION The EASE project will evaluate the effect of acute exercise on GABA levels as a biomarker of upper extremity motor skill learning with two populations (aging adults and those with chronic stroke). We predict that acute exercise, higher sensorimotor GABA levels, and broader dynamic range will be related to better motor skill acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M. McGregor
- Birmingham VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Health Professions, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Thomas Novak
- Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Joe R. Nocera
- Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kevin Mammino
- Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Wolf
- Rehabilitation R&D Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lisa C. Krishnamurthy
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Simicic D, Zöllner HJ, Davies-Jenkins CW, Hupfeld KE, Edden RAE, Oeltzschner G. Model-based frequency-and-phase correction of 1H MRS data with 2D linear-combination modeling. Magn Reson Med 2024. [PMID: 38988088 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retrospective frequency-and-phase correction (FPC) methods attempt to remove frequency-and-phase variations between transients to improve the quality of the averaged MR spectrum. However, traditional FPC methods like spectral registration struggle at low SNR. Here, we propose a method that directly integrates FPC into a 2D linear-combination model (2D-LCM) of individual transients ("model-based FPC"). We investigated how model-based FPC performs compared to the traditional approach, i.e., spectral registration followed by 1D-LCM in estimating frequency-and-phase drifts and, consequentially, metabolite level estimates. METHODS We created synthetic in-vivo-like 64-transient short-TE sLASER datasets with 100 noise realizations at 5 SNR levels and added randomly sampled frequency and phase variations. We then used this synthetic dataset to compare the performance of 2D-LCM with the traditional approach (spectral registration, averaging, then 1D-LCM). Outcome measures were the frequency/phase/amplitude errors, the SD of those ground-truth errors, and amplitude Cramér Rao lower bounds (CRLBs). We further tested the proposed method on publicly available in-vivo short-TE PRESS data. RESULTS 2D-LCM estimates (and accounts for) frequency-and-phase variations directly from uncorrected data with equivalent or better fidelity than the conventional approach. Furthermore, 2D-LCM metabolite amplitude estimates were at least as accurate, precise, and certain as the conventionally derived estimates. 2D-LCM estimation of FPC and amplitudes performed substantially better at low-to-very-low SNR. CONCLUSION Model-based FPC with 2D linear-combination modeling is feasible and has great potential to improve metabolite level estimation for conventional and dynamic MRS data, especially for low-SNR conditions, for example, long TEs or strong diffusion weighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Simicic
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher W Davies-Jenkins
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen E Hupfeld
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Pasanta D, White DJ, He JL, Ford TC, Puts NA. GABA and glutamate response to social processing: a functional MRS feasibility study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5092. [PMID: 38154459 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that atypical social processing in neurodevelopmental conditions (e.g. autism) is associated with differences in excitation and inhibition, through changes in the levels of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). While associations between baseline metabolite levels and behaviours can be insightful, assessing the neurometabolic response of GABA and glutamate during social processing may explain altered neurochemical function in more depth. Thus far, there have been no attempts to determine whether changes in metabolite levels are detectable using functional MRS (fMRS) during social processing in a control population. We performed Mescher-Garwood point resolved spectroscopy edited fMRS to measure the dynamic response of GABA and glutamate in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and visual cortex (V1) while viewing social stimuli, using a design that allows for analysis in both block and event-related approaches. Sliding window analyses were used to investigate GABA and glutamate dynamics at higher temporal resolution. The changes of GABA and glutamate levels with social stimulus were largely non-significant. A small decrease in GABA levels was observed during social stimulus presentation in V1, but no change was observed in STS. Conversely, non-social stimulus elicited changes in both GABA and glutamate levels in both regions. Our findings suggest that the current experimental design primarily captures effects of visual stimulation, not social processing. Here, we discuss the feasibility of using fMRS analysis approaches to assess changes in metabolite response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanghathai Pasanta
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - David J White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology & Swinburne Neuroimaging, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason L He
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Talitha C Ford
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology & Swinburne Neuroimaging, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Nicolaas A Puts
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
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Song Y, Guo SH, Davies-Jenkins CW, Guarda A, Edden RA, Smith KR. Myo-inositol Levels in the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Predicts Anxiety-to-Eat in Anorexia Nervosa. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596476. [PMID: 38854088 PMCID: PMC11160692 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental and behavioral health condition characterized by an intense fear of weight or fat gain, severe restriction of food intake resulting in low body weight, and distorted self-perception of body shape or weight. While substantial research has focused on general anxiety in AN, less is known about eating-related anxiety and its underlying neural mechanisms. Therefore, we sought to characterize anxiety-to-eat in AN and examine the neurometabolic profile within the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), a brain region putatively involved in magnifying the threat response. Methods Women seeking inpatient treatment for AN and women of healthy weight without a lifetime history of an eating disorder (healthy controls; HC) completed a computer-based behavioral task assessing anxiety-to-eat in response to images of higher (HED) and lower (LED) energy density foods. Participants also underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the dACC in a 3 Tesla scanner. Results The AN group reported greater anxiety to eat HED and LED foods relative to the HC group. Both groups reported greater anxiety to eat HED foods relative to LED foods. The neurometabolite myo-inositol (mI) was lower in the dACC in AN relative to HC, and mI levels negatively predicted anxiety to eat HED but not LED foods in the AN group only. mI levels in the dACC were independent of body weight, body mass, and general anxiety. Conclusions These findings provide critical new insight into the clinically challenging feature and underlying neural mechanisms of eating-related anxiety and indicate mI levels in the dACC could serve as a novel biomarker of illness severity that is independent of body weight to identify individuals vulnerable to disordered eating or eating pathology as well as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Song
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah H. Guo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Christopher W. Davies-Jenkins
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Angela Guarda
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Richard A.E. Edden
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kimberly R. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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Clarke WT, Ligneul C, Cottaar M, Ip IB, Jbabdi S. Universal dynamic fitting of magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:2229-2246. [PMID: 38265152 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dynamic (2D) MRS is a collection of techniques where acquisitions of spectra are repeated under varying experimental or physiological conditions. Dynamic MRS comprises a rich set of contrasts, including diffusion-weighted, relaxation-weighted, functional, edited, or hyperpolarized spectroscopy, leading to quantitative insights into multiple physiological or microstructural processes. Conventional approaches to dynamic MRS analysis ignore the shared information between spectra, and instead proceed by independently fitting noisy individual spectra before modeling temporal changes in the parameters. Here, we propose a universal dynamic MRS toolbox which allows simultaneous fitting of dynamic spectra of arbitrary type. METHODS A simple user-interface allows information to be shared and precisely modeled across spectra to make inferences on both spectral and dynamic processes. We demonstrate and thoroughly evaluate our approach in three types of dynamic MRS techniques. Simulations of functional and edited MRS are used to demonstrate the advantages of dynamic fitting. RESULTS Analysis of synthetic functional 1H-MRS data shows a marked decrease in parameter uncertainty as predicted by prior work. Analysis with our tool replicates the results of two previously published studies using the original in vivo functional and diffusion-weighted data. Finally, joint spectral fitting with diffusion orientation models is demonstrated in synthetic data. CONCLUSION A toolbox for generalized and universal fitting of dynamic, interrelated MR spectra has been released and validated. The toolbox is shared as a fully open-source software with comprehensive documentation, example data, and tutorials.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Clarke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clémence Ligneul
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michiel Cottaar
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - I Betina Ip
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saad Jbabdi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Wilson NE, Elliott MA, Nanga RPR, Swago S, Witschey WR, Reddy R. Optimization of 1H MR spectroscopy methods for large volume acquisition of low concentration downfield resonances at 3T and 7T. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.09.24305552. [PMID: 38645233 PMCID: PMC11030301 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.24305552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Purpose This goal of this study was to optimize spectrally selective 1H MRS methods for large volume acquisition of low concentration metabolites with downfield resonances at 7T and 3T, with particular attention paid to detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and tryptophan. Methods Spectrally selective excitation was used to avoid magnetization transfer effects with water, and various sinc pulses were compared to a pure-phase E-BURP pulse. Localization using a single slice selective pulse was compared to voxel-based localization that used three orthogonal refocusing pulses, and low bandwidth refocusing pulses were used to take advantage of the chemical shift displacement of water. A technique for water sideband removal was added, and a method of coil channel combination for large volumes was introduced. Results Proposed methods were compared qualitatively to previously-reported techniques at 7T. Sinc pulses resulted in reduced water signal excitation and improved spectral quality, with a symmetric, low bandwidth-time product pulse performing best. Single slice localization allowed shorter TEs with large volumes, enhancing signal, while low bandwidth slice selective localization greatly reduced the observed water signal. Gradient cycling helped remove water sidebands, and frequency aligning and pruning individual channels narrowed spectral linewidths. High quality brain spectra of NAD+ and tryptophan are shown in four subjects at 3T. Conclusion Improved spectral quality with higher downfield signal, shorter TE, lower nuisance signal, reduced artifacts, and narrower peaks was realized at 7T. These methodological improvements allowed for previously unachievable detection of NAD+ and tryptophan in human brain at 3T in under five minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil E. Wilson
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark A. Elliott
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophia Swago
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter R. Witschey
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Nichols SJ, Yanes JA, Reid MA, Robinson JL. 7 T characterization of excitatory and inhibitory systems of acute pain in healthy female participants. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5088. [PMID: 38140895 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of the physiological underpinnings of normative pain processing is incomplete. Enhanced knowledge of these systems is necessary to advance our understanding of pain processes as well as to develop effective therapeutic interventions. Previous neuroimaging research suggests a network of interrelated brain regions that seem to be implicated in the processing and experience of pain. Among these, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays an important role in the affective aspects of pain signals. The current study leveraged functional MRS to investigate the underlying dynamic shifts in the neurometabolic signature of the human dACC at rest and during acute pain. Results provide support for increased glutamate levels following acute pain administration. Specifically, a 4.6% increase in glutamate was observed during moderate pressure pain compared with baseline. Exploratory analysis also revealed meaningful changes in dACC gamma aminobutyric acid in response to pain stimulation. These data contribute toward the characterization of neurometabolic shifts, which lend insight into the role of the dACC in the pain network. Further research in this area with larger sample sizes could contribute to the development of novel therapeutics or other advances in pain-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Nichols
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Julio A Yanes
- Exponent Inc., Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Meredith A Reid
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer L Robinson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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12
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Hupfeld KE, Zöllner HJ, Hui SCN, Song Y, Murali-Manohar S, Yedavalli V, Oeltzschner G, Prisciandaro JJ, Edden RAE. Impact of acquisition and modeling parameters on the test-retest reproducibility of edited GABA. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5076. [PMID: 38091628 PMCID: PMC10947947 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Literature values vary widely for within-subject test-retest reproducibility of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) measured with edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Reasons for this variation remain unclear. Here, we tested whether three acquisition parameters-(1) sequence complexity (two-experiment MEscher-GArwood Point RESolved Spectroscopy [MEGA-PRESS] vs. four-experiment Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of MEGA-Edited Spectroscopy [HERMES]); (2) editing pulse duration (14 vs. 20 ms); and (3) scanner frequency drift (interleaved water referencing [IWR] turned ON vs. OFF)-and two linear combination modeling variations-(1) three different coedited macromolecule models (called "1to1GABA", "1to1GABAsoft", and "3to2MM" in the Osprey software package); and (2) 0.55- versus 0.4-ppm spline baseline knot spacing-affected the within-subject coefficient of variation of GABA + macromolecules (GABA+). We collected edited MRS data from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex from 20 participants (mean age: 30.8 ± 9.5 years; 10 males). Test and retest scans were separated by removing the participant from the scanner for 5-10 min. Each acquisition consisted of two MEGA-PRESS and two HERMES sequences with editing pulse durations of 14 and 20 ms (referred to here as MEGA-14, MEGA-20, HERMES-14, and HERMES-20; all TE = 80 ms, 224 averages). We identified the best test-retest reproducibility following postprocessing with a composite model of the 0.9- and 3-ppm macromolecules ("3to2MM"); this model performed particularly well for the HERMES data. Furthermore, sparser (0.55- compared with 0.4-ppm) spline baseline knot spacing yielded generally better test-retest reproducibility for GABA+. Replicating our prior results, linear combination modeling in Osprey compared with simple peak fitting in Gannet resulted in substantially better test-retest reproducibility. However, reproducibility did not consistently differ for MEGA-PRESS compared with HERMES, for 14- compared with 20-ms editing pulses, or for IWR-ON versus IWR-OFF. These results highlight the importance of model selection for edited MRS studies of GABA+, particularly for clinical studies that focus on individual patient differences in GABA+ or changes following an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Hupfeld
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steve C N Hui
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yulu Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saipavitra Murali-Manohar
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Yedavalli
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Saucedo A, Sayre J, Thomas MA. Single-shot diffusion trace-weighted MR spectroscopy: Comparison with unipolar and bipolar diffusion-weighted point-resolved spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5090. [PMID: 38148181 PMCID: PMC10957108 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the feasibility and performance of the point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS)-based, single-shot diffusion trace-weighted sequence in quantifying the trace apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in phantom and in vivo using a 3-T MRI/MRS scanner. The single-shot diffusion trace-weighted PRESS sequence was implemented and compared with conventional diffusion-weighted (DW)-PRESS variants using bipolar and unipolar diffusion-sensitizing gradients. Nine phantom datasets were acquired using each sequence, and seven volunteers were scanned in three different brain regions to determine the range and variability of trace ADC values, and to allow a comparison of trace ADCs among the sequences. This sequence results in a comparatively stable range of trace ADC values that are statistically significantly higher than those produced from unipolar and bipolar DW-PRESS sequences. Only total n-acetylaspartate, total creatine, and total choline were reliably estimated in all sequences with Cramér-Rao lower bounds of, at most, 20%. The larger trace ADCs from the single-shot sequences are probably attributable to the shorter diffusion time relative to the other sequences. Overall, this study presents the first demonstration of the single-shot diffusion trace-weighted sequence in a clinical scanner at 3 T. The results show excellent agreement of phantom trace ADCs computed with all sequences, and in vivo ADCs agree well with the expected differences between gray and white matter. The diffusion trace-weighted sequence could provide an estimate of the trace ADC in a shorter scan time (by nearly a factor of 3) compared with conventional DW-PRESS approaches that require three separate orthogonal directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Saucedo
- Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California
at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James Sayre
- Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - M. Albert Thomas
- Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Physics and Biology in Medicine, University of California
at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Oh H, Berrington A, Auer DP, Babourina-Brooks B, Faas H, Jung JY. A preliminary study of dynamic neurochemical changes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during working memory. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2075-2086. [PMID: 38409515 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is one of the fundamental cognitive functions associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, the neurochemical mechanisms of WM, including the dynamic changes in neurometabolites such as glutamate and GABA in the DLPFC, remain unclear. Here, we investigated WM-related glutamate and GABA changes, alongside hemodynamic responses in the DLPFC, using a combination of functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During a WM task, we measured Glx (glutamate + glutamine) and GABA levels using GABA editing MEscher-GArwood Point REsolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes. In the DLPFC, we observed elevated Glx levels and increased BOLD signal changes during a 2-back task. Specifically, the Glx levels in the DLPFC were significantly higher during the 2-back task compared with fixation, although this difference was not significant when compared with a 0-back task. However, Glx levels during the 0-back task were higher than during fixation. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between Glx levels in the DLPFC during the 2-back task and the corresponding BOLD signal changes. Notably, higher Glx increases were associated with increased DLPFC activation and lower WM task performance in individuals. No notable changes in DLPFC GABA levels were observed during WM processing. These findings suggest that the modulation of glutamatergic activity in the DLPFC may play a crucial role in both working memory processing and its associated performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerin Oh
- Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Adam Berrington
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dorothee P Auer
- Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ben Babourina-Brooks
- Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Henryk Faas
- Mental Health & Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Je Young Jung
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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15
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Simicic D, Zöllner HJ, Davies-Jenkins CW, Hupfeld KE, Edden RAE, Oeltzschner G. Model-based frequency-and-phase correction of 1H MRS data with 2D linear-combination modeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586804. [PMID: 38585798 PMCID: PMC10996641 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Retrospective frequency-and-phase correction (FPC) methods attempt to remove frequency-and-phase variations between transients to improve the quality of the averaged MR spectrum. However, traditional FPC methods like spectral registration struggle at low SNR. Here, we propose a method that directly integrates FPC into a two-dimensional linear-combination model (2D-LCM) of individual transients ('model-based FPC'). We investigated how model-based FPC performs compared to the traditional approach, i.e., spectral registration followed by 1D-LCM in estimating frequency-and-phase drifts and, consequentially, metabolite level estimates. Methods We created synthetic in-vivo-like 64-transient short-TE sLASER datasets with 100 noise realizations at 5 SNR levels and added randomly sampled frequency and phase variations. We then used this synthetic dataset to compare the performance of 2D-LCM with the traditional approach (spectral registration, averaging, then 1D-LCM). Outcome measures were the frequency/phase/amplitude errors, the standard deviation of those ground-truth errors, and amplitude Cramér Rao Lower Bounds (CRLBs). We further tested the proposed method on publicly available in-vivo short-TE PRESS data. Results 2D-LCM estimates (and accounts for) frequency-and-phase variations directly from uncorrected data with equivalent or better fidelity than the conventional approach. Furthermore, 2D-LCM metabolite amplitude estimates were at least as accurate, precise, and certain as the conventionally derived estimates. 2D-LCM estimation of frequency and phase correction and amplitudes performed substantially better at low-to-very-low SNR. Conclusion Model-based FPC with 2D linear-combination modeling is feasible and has great potential to improve metabolite level estimation for conventional and dynamic MRS data, especially for low-SNR conditions, e.g., long TEs or strong diffusion weighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Simicic
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Helge J. Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher W. Davies-Jenkins
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kathleen E. Hupfeld
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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16
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Chan KL, Panatpur A, Messahel S, Dahshi H, Johnson T, Henning A, Ren J, Minassian BA. 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals potential pathogenic and biomarker metabolite alterations in Lafora disease. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae104. [PMID: 38585668 PMCID: PMC10998360 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lafora disease is a fatal teenage-onset progressive myoclonus epilepsy and neurodegenerative disease associated with polyglucosan bodies. Polyglucosans are long-branched and as a result precipitation- and aggregation-prone glycogen. In mouse models, downregulation of glycogen synthase, the enzyme that elongates glycogen branches, prevents polyglucosan formation and rescues Lafora disease. Mouse work, however, has not yet revealed the mechanisms of polyglucosan generation, and few in vivo human studies have been performed. Here, non-invasive in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 31P) was applied to test scan feasibility and assess neurotransmitter balance and energy metabolism in Lafora disease towards a better understanding of pathogenesis. Macromolecule-suppressed gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-edited 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 and 7 tesla, respectively, were performed in 4 Lafora disease patients and a total of 21 healthy controls (12 for the 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 9 for the 31PMRS). Spectra were processed using in-house software and fit to extract metabolite concentrations. From the 1H spectra, we found 33% lower GABA concentrations (P = 0.013), 34% higher glutamate + glutamine concentrations (P = 0.011) and 24% lower N-acetylaspartate concentrations (P = 0.0043) in Lafora disease patients compared with controls. From the 31P spectra, we found 34% higher phosphoethanolamine concentrations (P = 0.016), 23% lower nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentrations (P = 0.003), 50% higher uridine diphosphate glucose concentrations (P = 0.004) and 225% higher glucose 6-phosphate concentrations in Lafora disease patients versus controls (P = 0.004). Uridine diphosphate glucose is the substrate of glycogen synthase, and glucose 6-phosphate is its extremely potent allosteric activator. The observed elevated uridine diphosphate glucose and glucose 6-phosphate levels are expected to hyperactivate glycogen synthase and may underlie the generation of polyglucosans in Lafora disease. The increased glutamate + glutamine and reduced GABA indicate altered neurotransmission and energy metabolism, which may contribute to the disease's intractable epilepsy. These results suggest a possible basis of polyglucosan formation and potential contributions to the epilepsy of Lafora disease. If confirmed in larger human and animal model studies, measurements of the dysregulated metabolites by magnetic resonance spectroscopy could be developed into non-invasive biomarkers for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Chan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Aparna Panatpur
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Souad Messahel
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hamza Dahshi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Talon Johnson
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anke Henning
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jimin Ren
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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17
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Ma DJ, Yang Y, Harguindeguy N, Tian Y, Small SA, Liu F, Rothman DL, Guo J. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Spectral Registration Using Deep Learning. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:964-975. [PMID: 37401726 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep learning-based methods have been successfully applied to MRI image registration. However, there is a lack of deep learning-based registration methods for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) spectral registration (SR). PURPOSE To investigate a convolutional neural network-based SR (CNN-SR) approach for simultaneous frequency-and-phase correction (FPC) of single-voxel Meshcher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) MRS data. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS Forty thousand simulated MEGA-PRESS datasets generated from FID Appliance (FID-A) were used and split into the following: 32,000/4000/4000 for training/validation/testing. A 101 MEGA-PRESS medial parietal lobe data retrieved from the Big GABA were used as the in vivo datasets. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T, MEGA-PRESS. ASSESSMENT Evaluation of frequency and phase offsets mean absolute errors were performed for the simulation dataset. Evaluation of the choline interval variance was performed for the in vivo dataset. The magnitudes of the offsets introduced were -20 to 20 Hz and -90° to 90° and were uniformly distributed for the simulation dataset at different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. For the in vivo dataset, different additional magnitudes of offsets were introduced: small offsets (0-5 Hz; 0-20°), medium offsets (5-10 Hz; 20-45°), and large offsets (10-20 Hz; 45-90°). STATISTICAL TESTS Two-tailed paired t-tests for model performances in the simulation and in vivo datasets were used and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS CNN-SR model was capable of correcting frequency offsets (0.014 ± 0.010 Hz at SNR 20 and 0.058 ± 0.050 Hz at SNR 2.5 with line broadening) and phase offsets (0.104 ± 0.076° at SNR 20 and 0.416 ± 0.317° at SNR 2.5 with line broadening). Using in vivo datasets, CNN-SR achieved the best performance without (0.000055 ± 0.000054) and with different magnitudes of additional frequency and phase offsets (i.e., 0.000062 ± 0.000068 at small, -0.000033 ± 0.000023 at medium, 0.000067 ± 0.000102 at large) applied. DATA CONCLUSION The proposed CNN-SR method is an efficient and accurate approach for simultaneous FPC of single-voxel MEGA-PRESS MRS data. EVIDENCE LEVEL 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yanting Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Natalia Harguindeguy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott A Small
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Taub Institute Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Craven AR, Dwyer G, Ersland L, Kazimierczak K, Noeske R, Sandøy LB, Johnsen E, Hugdahl K. GABA, glutamatergic dynamics and BOLD contrast assessed concurrently using functional MRS during a cognitive task. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5065. [PMID: 37897259 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
A recurring issue in functional neuroimaging is how to link task-driven haemodynamic blood oxygen level dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI) responses to underlying neurochemistry at the synaptic level. Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters respectively, are typically measured with MRS sequences separately from fMRI, in the absence of a task. The present study aims to resolve this disconnect, developing acquisition and processing techniques to simultaneously assess GABA, glutamate and glutamine (Glx) and BOLD in relation to a cognitive task, at 3 T. Healthy subjects (N = 81) performed a cognitive task (Eriksen flanker), which was presented visually in a task-OFF, task-ON block design, with individual event onset timing jittered with respect to the MRS readout. fMRS data were acquired from the medial anterior cingulate cortex during task performance, using an adapted MEGA-PRESS implementation incorporating unsuppressed water-reference signals at a regular interval. These allowed for continuous assessment of BOLD activation, through T2 *-related changes in water linewidth. BOLD-fMRI data were additionally acquired. A novel linear model was used to extract modelled metabolite spectra associated with discrete functional stimuli, building on well established processing and quantification tools. Behavioural outcomes from the flanker task, and activation patterns from the BOLD-fMRI sequence, were as expected from the literature. BOLD response assessed through fMRS showed a significant correlation with fMRI, specific to the fMRS-targeted region of interest; fMRS-assessed BOLD additionally correlated with lengthening of response time in the incongruent flanker condition. While no significant task-related changes were observed for GABA+, a significant increase in measured Glx levels (~8.8%) was found between task-OFF and task-ON periods. These findings verify the efficacy of our protocol and analysis pipelines for the simultaneous assessment of metabolite dynamics and BOLD. As well as establishing a robust basis for further work using these techniques, we also identify a number of clear directions for further refinement in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gerard Dwyer
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Lydia Brunvoll Sandøy
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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19
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Thomson AR, Hwa H, Pasanta D, Hopwood B, Powell HJ, Lawrence R, Tabuenca ZG, Arichi T, Edden RAE, Chai X, Puts NA. The developmental trajectory of 1H-MRS brain metabolites from childhood to adulthood. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae046. [PMID: 38430105 PMCID: PMC10908220 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human brain development is ongoing throughout childhood, with for example, myelination of nerve fibers and refinement of synaptic connections continuing until early adulthood. 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) can be used to quantify the concentrations of endogenous metabolites (e.g. glutamate and γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA)) in the human brain in vivo and so can provide valuable, tractable insight into the biochemical processes that support postnatal neurodevelopment. This can feasibly provide new insight into and aid the management of neurodevelopmental disorders by providing chemical markers of atypical development. This study aims to characterize the normative developmental trajectory of various brain metabolites, as measured by 1H-MRS from a midline posterior parietal voxel. We find significant non-linear trajectories for GABA+ (GABA plus macromolecules), Glx (glutamate + glutamine), total choline (tCho) and total creatine (tCr) concentrations. Glx and GABA+ concentrations steeply decrease across childhood, with more stable trajectories across early adulthood. tCr and tCho concentrations increase from childhood to early adulthood. Total N-acetyl aspartate (tNAA) and Myo-Inositol (mI) concentrations are relatively stable across development. Trajectories likely reflect fundamental neurodevelopmental processes (including local circuit refinement) which occur from childhood to early adulthood and can be associated with cognitive development; we find GABA+ concentrations significantly positively correlate with recognition memory scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Thomson
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Hwa
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Duanghathai Pasanta
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Hopwood
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Helen J Powell
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Lawrence
- Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, 1629 Thames Street Suite 350, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Zeus G Tabuenca
- Department of Statistical Methods, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging & Health, 1st Floor, South Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Centre for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Xiaoqian Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, QC H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Nicolaas A Puts
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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20
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Song Y, Hupfeld KE, Davies-Jenkins CW, Zöllner HJ, Murali-Manohar S, Mumuni AN, Crocetti D, Yedavalli V, Oeltzschner G, Alessi N, Batschelett MA, Puts NA, Mostofsky SH, Edden RA. Brain glutathione and GABA+ levels in autistic children. Autism Res 2024; 17:512-528. [PMID: 38279628 PMCID: PMC10963146 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors. Altered neurometabolite levels, including glutathione (GSH) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), have been proposed as potential contributors to the biology underlying ASD. This study investigated whether cerebral GSH or GABA levels differ between a cohort of children aged 8-12 years with ASD (n = 52) and typically developing children (TDC, n = 49). A comprehensive analysis of GSH and GABA levels in multiple brain regions, including the primary motor cortex (SM1), thalamus (Thal), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and supplementary motor area (SMA), was conducted using single-voxel HERMES MR spectroscopy at 3T. The results revealed no significant differences in cerebral GSH or GABA levels between the ASD and TDC groups across all examined regions. These findings suggest that the concentrations of GSH (an important antioxidant and neuromodulator) and GABA (a major inhibitory neurotransmitter) do not exhibit marked alterations in children with ASD compared to TDC. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between GABA levels in the SM1 and Thal regions with ADHD inattention scores. No significant correlation was found between metabolite levels and hyper/impulsive scores of ADHD, measures of core ASD symptoms (ADOS-2, SRS-P) or adaptive behavior (ABAS-2). While both GSH and GABA have been implicated in various neurological disorders, the current study provides valuable insights into the specific context of ASD and highlights the need for further research to explore other neurochemical alterations that may contribute to the pathophysiology of this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Song
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kathleen E. Hupfeld
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher W. Davies-Jenkins
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Helge J. Zöllner
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Saipavitra Murali-Manohar
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Deana Crocetti
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vivek Yedavalli
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Natalie Alessi
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mitchell A. Batschelett
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicolaas A.J. Puts
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart H. Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard A.E. Edden
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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21
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Craven AR, Bell TK, Ersland L, Harris AD, Hugdahl K, Oeltzschner G. Linewidth-related bias in modelled concentration estimates from GABA-edited 1H-MRS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582249. [PMID: 38464094 PMCID: PMC10925149 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
J-difference-edited MRS is widely used to study GABA in the human brain. Editing for low-concentration target molecules (such as GABA) typically exhibits lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than conventional non-edited MRS, varying with acquisition region, volume and duration. Moreover, spectral lineshape may be influenced by age-, pathology-, or brain-region-specific effects of metabolite T2, or by task-related blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) changes in functional MRS contexts. Differences in both SNR and lineshape may have systematic effects on concentration estimates derived from spectral modelling. The present study characterises the impact of lineshape and SNR on GABA+ estimates from different modelling algorithms: FSL-MRS, Gannet, LCModel, Osprey, spant and Tarquin. Publicly available multi-site GABA-edited data (222 healthy subjects from 20 sites; conventional MEGA-PRESS editing; TE = 68 ms) were pre-processed with a standardised pipeline, then filtered to apply controlled levels of Lorentzian and Gaussian linebroadening and SNR reduction. Increased Lorentzian linewidth was associated with a 2-5% decrease in GABA+ estimates per Hz, observed consistently (albeit to varying degrees) across datasets and most algorithms. Weaker, often opposing effects were observed for Gaussian linebroadening. Variations are likely caused by differing baseline parametrization and lineshape constraints between models. Effects of linewidth on other metabolites (e.g., Glx and tCr) varied, suggesting that a linewidth confound may persist after scaling to an internal reference. These findings indicate a potentially significant confound for studies where linewidth may differ systematically between groups or experimental conditions, e.g. due to T2 differences between brain regions, age, or pathology, or varying T2* due to BOLD-related changes. We conclude that linewidth effects need to be rigorously considered during experimental design and data processing, for example by incorporating linewidth into statistical analysis of modelling outcomes or development of appropriate lineshape matching algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tiffany K. Bell
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ashley D. Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Sirucek L, Zoelch N, Schweinhardt P. Improving magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the brainstem periaqueductal gray using spectral registration. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:28-38. [PMID: 37800387 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Functional understanding of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), a clinically relevant brainstem region, can be advanced using 1 H-MRS. However, the PAG's small size and high levels of physiological noise are methodologically challenging. This study aimed to (1) improve 1 H-MRS quality in the PAG using spectral registration for frequency and phase error correction; (2) investigate whether spectral registration is particularly useful in cases of greater head motion; and (3) examine metabolite quantification using literature-based or individual-based water relaxation times. METHODS Spectra were acquired in 33 healthy volunteers (50.1 years, SD = 17.19, 18 females) on a 3 T Philipps MR system using a point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence optimized with very selective saturation pulses (OVERPRESS) and voxel-based flip angle calibration (effective volume of interest size: 8.8 × 10.2 × 12.2 mm3 ). Spectra were fitted using LCModel and SNR, NAA peak linewidths and Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) were measured after spectral registration and after minimal frequency alignment. RESULTS Spectral registration improved SNR by 5% (p = 0.026, median value post-correction: 18.0) and spectral linewidth by 23% (p < 0.001, 4.3 Hz), and reduced the metabolites' CRLBs by 1% to 15% (p < 0.026). Correlational analyses revealed smaller SNR improvements with greater head motion (p = 0.010) recorded using a markerless motion tracking system. Higher metabolite concentrations were detected using individual-based compared to literature-based water relaxation times (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates high-quality 1 H-MRS acquisition in the PAG using spectral registration. This shows promise for future 1 H-MRS studies in the PAG and possibly other clinically relevant brain regions with similar methodological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sirucek
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Integrative Spinal Research Group, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Zoelch
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schweinhardt
- Department of Chiropractic Medicine, Integrative Spinal Research Group, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Chen X, Li J, Chen D, Zhou Y, Tu Z, Lin M, Kang T, Lin J, Gong T, Zhu L, Zhou J, Lin OY, Guo J, Dong J, Guo D, Qu X. CloudBrain-MRS: An intelligent cloud computing platform for in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy preprocessing, quantification, and analysis. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 358:107601. [PMID: 38039654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an important clinical imaging method for diagnosis of diseases. MRS spectrum is used to observe the signal intensity of metabolites or further infer their concentrations. Although the magnetic resonance vendors commonly provide basic functions of spectrum plots and metabolite quantification, the spread of clinical research of MRS is still limited due to the lack of easy-to-use processing software or platform. To address this issue, we have developed CloudBrain-MRS, a cloud-based online platform that provides powerful hardware and advanced algorithms. The platform can be accessed simply through a web browser, without the need of any program installation on the user side. CloudBrain-MRS also integrates the classic LCModel and advanced artificial intelligence algorithms and supports batch preprocessing, quantification, and analysis of MRS data from different vendors. Additionally, the platform offers useful functions: (1) Automatically statistical analysis to find biomarkers for diseases; (2) Consistency verification between the classic and artificial intelligence quantification algorithms; (3) Colorful three-dimensional visualization for easy observation of individual metabolite spectrum. Last, data of both healthy subjects and patients with mild cognitive impairment are used to demonstrate the functions of the platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first cloud computing platform for in vivo MRS with artificial intelligence processing. We have shared our cloud platform at MRSHub, providing at least two years of free access and service. If you are interested, please visit https://mrshub.org/software_all/#CloudBrain-MRS or https://csrc.xmu.edu.cn/CloudBrain.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodie Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dicheng Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yirong Zhou
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhangren Tu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meijin Lin
- Department of Applied Marine Physics & Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Taishan Kang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Departments of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liuhong Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ou-Yang Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging of Southeast Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiefeng Guo
- Department of Microelectronics and Integrated Circuit, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiyang Dong
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Di Guo
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaobo Qu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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24
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Mosso J, Simicic D, Lanz B, Gruetter R, Cudalbu C. Diffusion-weighted SPECIAL improves the detection of J-coupled metabolites at ultrahigh magnetic field. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:4-18. [PMID: 37771277 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the detection and subsequent estimation of the diffusion properties of strongly J-coupled metabolites in diffusion-weighted MRS (DWS). METHODS A new sequence for single-voxel diffusion-weighted 1 H MR spectroscopy, named DW-SPECIAL, is proposed. It combines the semi-adiabatic SPECIAL sequence with a stimulated echo diffusion block. Acquisitions with DW-SPECIAL and STE-LASER, the current gold standard for rodent DWS experiments at high fields, were performed at 14.1T on phantoms and in vivo on the rat brain. The apparent diffusion coefficient and intra-stick diffusivity (Callaghan's model, randomly-oriented sticks) were fitted and compared between the sequences for glutamate, glutamine, myo-inositol, taurine, total NAA, total Cho, total Cr, and the macromolecules. RESULTS The shorter TE achieved with DW-SPECIAL (18 ms against 33 ms with STE-LASER) substantially limited the metabolites' signal loss caused by J-evolution. In addition, DW-SPECIAL preserved the main advantages of STE-LASER: absence of cross-terms, diffusion time during a stimulated echo, and limited sensitivity to B1 inhomogeneities. In vivo, compared to STE-LASER, DW-SPECIAL yielded the same spectral quality and reduced the Cramer Rao Lower Bounds for J-coupled metabolites, irrespective of the b-value. DW-SPECIAL also reduced the SD of the metabolites' diffusion estimates based on individual animal fitting without loss of accuracy compared to the fit on the averaged decay. CONCLUSION We conclude that due to its reduced TE, DW-SPECIAL can serve as an alternative to STE-LASER when strongly J-coupled metabolites like glutamine are investigated, thereby extending the range of accessible metabolites in the context of DWS acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Mosso
- LIFMET, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Simicic
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Lanz
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Cristina Cudalbu
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Yu M, Lin L, Xu K, Xu M, Ren J, Niu X, Gao X, Zhang M, Yang Z, Dang J, Tao Q, Han S, Wang W, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Changes in aspartate metabolism in the medial-prefrontal cortex of nicotine addicts based on J-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6429-6438. [PMID: 37909379 PMCID: PMC10681642 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the changes of the aspartate (Asp) level in the medial-prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of subjects with nicotine addiction (nicotine addicts [NAs]) using the J-edited 1 H MR spectroscopy (MRS), which may provide a positive imaging evidence for intervention of NA. From March to August 2022, 45 males aged 40-60 years old were recruited from Henan Province, including 21 in NA and 24 in nonsmoker groups. All subjects underwent routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and J-edited MRS scans on a 3.0 T MRI scanner. The Asp level in mPFC was quantified with reference to the total creatine (Asp/Cr) and water (Aspwater-corr , with correction of the brain tissue composition) signals, respectively. Two-tailed independent samples t-test was used to analyze the differences in levels of Asp and other coquantified metabolites (including total N-acetylaspartate [tNAA], total cholinine [tCho], total creatine [tCr], and myo-Inositol [mI]) between the two groups. Finally, the correlations of the Asp level with clinical characteristic assessment scales were performed using the Spearman criteria. Compared with the control group (n = 22), NAs (n = 18) had higher levels of Asp (Asp/Cr: p = .005; Aspwater-corr : p = .004) in the mPFC, and the level of Asp was positively correlated with the daily smoking amount (Asp/Cr: p < .001; Aspwater-corr : p = .004). No significant correlation was found between the level of Asp and the years of nicotine use, Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Russell Reason for Smoking Questionnaire (RRSQ), or Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) score. The elevated Asp level was observed in mPFC of NAs in contrast to nonsmokers, and the Asp level was positively correlated with the amount of daily smoking, which suggests that nicotine addiction may result in elevated Asp metabolism in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Liangjie Lin
- Clinical and Technical SupportPhilips HealthcareBeijingChina
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jianxin Ren
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhengui Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jinghan Dang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Qiuying Tao
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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26
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Davies-Jenkins CW, Döring A, Fasano F, Kleban E, Mueller L, Evans CJ, Afzali M, Jones DK, Ronen I, Branzoli F, Tax CMW. Practical considerations of diffusion-weighted MRS with ultra-strong diffusion gradients. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1258408. [PMID: 38144210 PMCID: PMC10740196 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1258408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DW-MRS) offers improved cellular specificity to microstructure-compared to water-based methods alone-but spatial resolution and SNR is severely reduced and slow-diffusing metabolites necessitate higher b-values to accurately characterize their diffusion properties. Ultra-strong gradients allow access to higher b-values per-unit time, higher SNR for a given b-value, and shorter diffusion times, but introduce additional challenges such as eddy-current artefacts, gradient non-uniformity, and mechanical vibrations. Methods In this work, we present initial DW-MRS data acquired on a 3T Siemens Connectom scanner equipped with ultra-strong (300 mT/m) gradients. We explore the practical issues associated with this manner of acquisition, the steps that may be taken to mitigate their impact on the data, and the potential benefits of ultra-strong gradients for DW-MRS. An in-house DW-PRESS sequence and data processing pipeline were developed to mitigate the impact of these confounds. The interaction of TE, b-value, and maximum gradient amplitude was investigated using simulations and pilot data, whereby maximum gradient amplitude was restricted. Furthermore, two DW-MRS voxels in grey and white matter were acquired using ultra-strong gradients and high b-values. Results Simulations suggest T2-based SNR gains that are experimentally confirmed. Ultra-strong gradient acquisitions exhibit similar artefact profiles to those of lower gradient amplitude, suggesting adequate performance of artefact mitigation strategies. Gradient field non-uniformity influenced ADC estimates by up to 4% when left uncorrected. ADC and Kurtosis estimates for tNAA, tCho, and tCr align with previously published literature. Discussion In conclusion, we successfully implemented acquisition and data processing strategies for ultra-strong gradient DW-MRS and results indicate that confounding effects of the strong gradient system can be ameliorated, while achieving shorter diffusion times and improved metabolite SNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Davies-Jenkins
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - André Döring
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, EPFL CIBM-AIT, EPFL Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Fasano
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Camberly, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Kleban
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiology, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Mueller
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - C. John Evans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Afzali
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Derek K. Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Itamar Ronen
- Clinical Sciences Institue, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- Center for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Inserm U1127, CNRS U7225, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Chantal M. W. Tax
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, School Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Zhang T, Guo B, Zuo Z, Long X, Hu S, Li S, Su X, Wang Y, Liu C. Excitatory-inhibitory modulation of transcranial focus ultrasound stimulation on human motor cortex. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3829-3841. [PMID: 37309308 PMCID: PMC10651987 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Transcranial focus ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technology. This study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effects of tFUS on human motor cortex (M1) excitability and explore the mechanism of neurotransmitter-related intracortical circuitry and plasticity. METHODS Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-eliciting motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were used to assessed M1 excitability in 10 subjects. Paired-pulse TMS was used to measure the effects of tFUS on GABA- and glutamate-related intracortical excitability and 1 H-MRS was used to assess the effects of repetitive tFUS on GABA and Glx (glutamine + glutamate) neurometabolic concentrations in the targeting region in nine subjects. RESULTS The etFUS significantly increased M1 excitability, decreased short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI). The itFUS significantly suppressed M1 excitability, increased SICI, LICI, and decreased intracortical facilitation (ICF). Seven times of etFUS decreased the GABA concentration (6.32%), increased the Glx concentration (12.40%), and decreased the GABA/Glx ratio measured by MRS, while itFUS increased the GABA concentration (18.59%), decreased Glx concentration (0.35%), and significantly increased GABA/Glx ratio. CONCLUSION The findings support that tFUS with different parameters can exert excitatory and inhibitory neuromodulatory effects on the human motor cortex. We provide novel insights that tFUS change cortical excitability and plasticity by regulating excitatory-inhibition balance related to the GABAergic and glutamatergic receptor function and neurotransmitter metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of NeuromodulationBeijingChina
| | - Bingqi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of NeuromodulationBeijingChina
| | - Zhentao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MR Center for Brain Research, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterInstitute of Artificial IntelligenceHefeiChina
- Sino‐Danish CollegeUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojing Long
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of NeuromodulationBeijingChina
| | - Siran Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of NeuromodulationBeijingChina
- Institute of Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Hebei Hospital of Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Neuromedical Technology Innovation Center of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuangChina
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of NeuromodulationBeijingChina
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Wang J, Ji B, Lei Y, Liu T, Mao H, Yang X. Denoising magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data using stacked autoencoder for improving signal-to-noise ratio and speed of MRS. Med Phys 2023; 50:7955-7966. [PMID: 37947479 PMCID: PMC10872746 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high resolution anatomical images with sharp soft tissue contrast, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) enables non-invasive detection and measurement of biochemicals and metabolites. However, MRS has low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when concentrations of metabolites are in the range of millimolar. Standard approach of using a high number of signal averaging (NSA) to achieve sufficient SNR comes at the cost of a long acquisition time. PURPOSE We propose to use deep-learning approaches to denoise MRS data without increasing NSA. This method has potential to reduce the acquisition time as well as improve SNR and quality of spectra, which could enhance the diagnostic value and broaden the clinical applications of MRS. METHODS The study was conducted using data collected from the brain spectroscopy phantom and human subjects. We utilized a stack auto-encoder (SAE) network to train deep learning models for denoising low NSA data (NSA = 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16) randomly truncated from high SNR data collected with high NSA (NSA = 192), which were also used to obtain the ground truth. We applied both self-supervised and fully-supervised training approaches and compared their performance of denoising low NSA data based on improvement in SNR. To prevent overfitting, the SAE network was trained in a patch-based manner. We then tested the denoising methods on noise-containing data collected from the phantom and human subjects, including data from brain tumor patients. We evaluated their performance by comparing the SNR levels and mean squared errors (MSEs) calculated for the whole spectra against high SNR "ground truth", as well as the value of chemical shift of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) before and after denoising. RESULTS With the SAE model, the SNR of low NSA data (NSA = 1) obtained from the phantom increased by 28.5% and the MSE decreased by 42.9%. For low NSA data of the human parietal and temporal lobes, the SNR increased by 32.9% and the MSE decreased by 63.1%. In all cases, the chemical shift of NAA in the denoised spectra closely matched with the high SNR spectra without significant distortion to the spectra after denoising. Furthermore, the denoising performance of the SAE model was more effective in denoising spectra with higher noise levels. CONCLUSIONS The reported SAE denoising method is a model-free approach to enhance the SNR of MRS data collected with low NSA. With the denoising capability, it is possible to acquire MRS data with a few NSA, shortening the scan time while maintaining adequate spectroscopic information for detecting and quantifying the metabolites of interest. This approach has the potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical MRS data acquisition by reducing the scan time and increasing the quality of spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bing Ji
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Science and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Lin D, Zhou J, Cao Y, Wang Z, Hsu YC, Zheng F, Li H, Sun S, Ren H, Deng L, Chen F, Wang M. Echo time optimization for in-vivo measurement of unsaturated lipid resonances using J-difference-edited MRS. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:2217-2232. [PMID: 37496253 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Measuring lipid composition provides more information than just total lipid content. Hence, the non-invasive measurement of unsaturated lipid protons with both high efficiency and precision is of pressing need. This study was to optimize echo time (TE) for the best resolving of J-difference editing of unsaturated lipid resonances. METHODS The TE dependence of J-difference-edited (JDE) MRS was verified in the density-matrix simulation, soybean oil phantom, in-vivo experiments of white adipose tissue (WAT), and skeletal muscles using single-voxel MEGA-PRESS sequence at 3T. The peak SNRs and Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) acquired at the proposed TE of 45 ms and previously published TE of 70 ms were compared (eight pairs) in WAT, extramyocelluar lipids (EMCLs), and intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs). The lipid composition in skeletal muscles was compared between healthy males (n = 7) and females (n = 7). RESULTS The optimal TE was suggested as 45 ms. Compared to 70 ms, the mean signal gains at TE of 45 ms were 151% in WAT, 168% in EMCL, 204% in IMCL for allylic resonance, and 52% in EMCL for diallylic resonance. CRLBs were significantly reduced at TE of 45 ms in WAT, EMCL, IMCL for allylic resonance and in EMCL for diallylic resonance. With TE of 45 ms, significant gender differences were found in the lipid composition in EMCL pools, while no difference in IMCL pools. CONCLUSION The JDE-MRS protocol with TE of 45 ms allows improved quantification of unsaturated lipid resonances in vivo and future lipid metabolism investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Lin
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhou
- School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Itd, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuiya Sun
- School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Ren
- School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Deng
- School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Song Y, Hupfeld KE, Davies-Jenkins CW, Zöllner HJ, Murali-Manohar S, Mumuni AN, Crocetti D, Yedavalli V, Oeltzschner G, Alessi N, Batschelett MA, Puts NAJ, Mostofsky SH, Edden RAE. Brain Glutathione and GABA+ levels in autistic children. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.28.559718. [PMID: 37808813 PMCID: PMC10557661 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.28.559718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors. Altered neurometabolite levels, including glutathione (GSH) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), have been proposed as potential contributors to the biology underlying ASD. This study investigated whether cerebral GSH or GABA levels differ between a large cohort of children aged 8-12 years with ASD (n=52) and typically developing children (TDC, n=49). A comprehensive analysis of GSH and GABA levels in multiple brain regions, including the primary motor cortex (SM1), thalamus (Thal), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and supplementary motor area (SMA), was conducted using single-voxel HERMES MR spectroscopy at 3T. The results revealed no significant differences in cerebral GSH or GABA levels between the ASD and TDC groups across all examined regions. These findings suggest that the concentrations of GSH (an important antioxidant and neuromodulator) and GABA (a major inhibitory neurotransmitter) do not exhibit marked alterations in children with ASD compared to TDC. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between GABA levels in the SM1 and Thal regions with ADHD inattention scores. No significant correlation was found between metabolite levels and hyper/impulsive scores of ADHD, measures of core ASD symptoms (ADOS-2, SRS-P) or adaptive behavior (ABAS-2). While both GSH and GABA have been implicated in various neurological disorders, the current study provides valuable insights into the specific context of ASD and highlights the need for further research to explore other neurochemical alterations that may contribute to the pathophysiology of this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Song
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kathleen E Hupfeld
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher W Davies-Jenkins
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Saipavitra Murali-Manohar
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Deana Crocetti
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vivek Yedavalli
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Natalie Alessi
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mitchell A Batschelett
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard A E Edden
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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31
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Yaakub SN, White TA, Roberts J, Martin E, Verhagen L, Stagg CJ, Hall S, Fouragnan EF. Transcranial focused ultrasound-mediated neurochemical and functional connectivity changes in deep cortical regions in humans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5318. [PMID: 37658076 PMCID: PMC10474159 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging non-invasive technique for focally modulating human brain function. The mechanisms and neurochemical substrates underlying TUS neuromodulation in humans and how these relate to excitation and inhibition are still poorly understood. In 24 healthy controls, we separately stimulated two deep cortical regions and investigated the effects of theta-burst TUS, a protocol shown to increase corticospinal excitability, on the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and functional connectivity. We show that theta-burst TUS in humans selectively reduces GABA levels in the posterior cingulate, but not the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Functional connectivity increased following TUS in both regions. Our findings suggest that TUS changes overall excitability by reducing GABAergic inhibition and that changes in TUS-mediated neuroplasticity last at least 50 mins after stimulation. The difference in TUS effects on the posterior and anterior cingulate could suggest state- or location-dependency of the TUS effect-both mechanisms increasingly recognized to influence the brain's response to neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti N Yaakub
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Brain Research and Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Tristan A White
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Brain Research and Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Jamie Roberts
- Department of Clinical Measurement and Innovation, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Eleanor Martin
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Hall
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Brain Research and Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Elsa F Fouragnan
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
- Brain Research and Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
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van de Sande DMJ, Merkofer JP, Amirrajab S, Veta M, van Sloun RJG, Versluis MJ, Jansen JFA, van den Brink JS, Breeuwer M. A review of machine learning applications for the proton MR spectroscopy workflow. Magn Reson Med 2023. [PMID: 37402235 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
This literature review presents a comprehensive overview of machine learning (ML) applications in proton MR spectroscopy (MRS). As the use of ML techniques in MRS continues to grow, this review aims to provide the MRS community with a structured overview of the state-of-the-art methods. Specifically, we examine and summarize studies published between 2017 and 2023 from major journals in the MR field. We categorize these studies based on a typical MRS workflow, including data acquisition, processing, analysis, and artificial data generation. Our review reveals that ML in MRS is still in its early stages, with a primary focus on processing and analysis techniques, and less attention given to data acquisition. We also found that many studies use similar model architectures, with little comparison to alternative architectures. Additionally, the generation of artificial data is a crucial topic, with no consistent method for its generation. Furthermore, many studies demonstrate that artificial data suffers from generalization issues when tested on in vivo data. We also conclude that risks related to ML models should be addressed, particularly for clinical applications. Therefore, output uncertainty measures and model biases are critical to investigate. Nonetheless, the rapid development of ML in MRS and the promising results from the reviewed studies justify further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M J van de Sande
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Julian P Merkofer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sina Amirrajab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mitko Veta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud J G van Sloun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Philips Research, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel Breeuwer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- MR R&D - Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands
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33
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Hong S, Shen J. Neurochemical correlations in short echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4910. [PMID: 36681860 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurochemical concentrations determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have been treated as statistically independent measurements in various clinical MRS studies. However, spectral overlap, independent of any biological effects, could lead to significant correlations between neurochemical concentrations extracted from spectral fitting of MRS data, confounding determination of correlations of biological origin. Short echo time (TE) proton MRS spectra are very crowded because of the comparatively narrow chemical shift dispersion of proton nuclear spins. In this study, the complex neurochemical correlations of spectral origin in short-TE MRS spectra were quantified. The effects of macromolecules and the background spectral baseline on metabolite-metabolite correlations were also analyzed. Our results demonstrate the importance of factoring in spectral correlations when correlating overlapping metabolite signals in short-TE spectra with clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungtak Hong
- Section on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Shen
- Section on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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34
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Gogishvili A, Farrher E, Doppler CEJ, Seger A, Sommerauer M, Shah NJ. Quantification of the neurochemical profile of the human putamen using STEAM MRS in a cohort of elderly subjects at 3 T and 7 T: Ruminations on the correction strategy for the tissue voxel composition. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286633. [PMID: 37267283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to quantify the metabolic profile of the human putamen in vivo in a cohort of elderly subjects using single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To obtain metabolite concentrations specific to the putamen, we investigated a correction method previously proposed to account for the tissue composition of the volume of interest. We compared the method with the conventional approach, which a priori assumes equal metabolite concentrations in GM and WM. Finally, we compared the concentrations acquired at 3 Tesla (T) and 7 T MRI scanners. Spectra were acquired from 15 subjects (age: 67.7 ± 8.3 years) at 3 T and 7 T, using an ultra-short echo time, stimulated echo acquisition mode sequence. To robustly estimate the WM-to-GM metabolite concentration ratio, five additional subjects were measured for whom the MRS voxel was deliberately shifted from the putamen in order to increase the covered amount of surrounding WM. The concentration and WM-to-GM concentration ratio for 16 metabolites were reliably estimated. These ratios ranged from ~0.3 for γ-aminobutyric acid to ~4 for N-acetylaspartylglutamate. The investigated correction method led to significant changes in concentrations compared to the conventional method, provided that the ratio significantly differed from unity. Finally, we demonstrated that differences in tissue voxel composition cannot fully account for the observed concentration difference between field strengths. We provide not only a fully comprehensive quantification of the neurochemical profile of the putamen in elderly subjects, but also a quantification of the WM-to-GM concentration ratio. This knowledge may serve as a basis for future studies with varying tissue voxel composition, either due to tissue atrophy, inconsistent voxel positioning or simply when pooling data from different voxel locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gogishvili
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Engineering Physics Department, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ezequiel Farrher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christopher E J Doppler
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 3, INM-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aline Seger
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 3, INM-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Sommerauer
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 3, INM-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM-11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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35
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Soher BJ, Semanchuk P, Todd D, Ji X, Deelchand D, Joers J, Oz G, Young K. Vespa: Integrated applications for RF pulse design, spectral simulation and MRS data analysis. Magn Reson Med 2023. [PMID: 37183778 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Vespa package (Versatile Simulation, Pulses, and Analysis) is described and demonstrated. It provides workflows for developing and optimizing linear combination modeling (LCM) fitting for 1 H MRS data using intuitive graphical user interface interfaces for RF pulse design, spectral simulation, and MRS data analysis. Command line interfaces for embedding workflows in MR manufacturer platforms and utilities for synthetic dataset creation are included. Complete provenance is maintained for all steps in workflows. THEORY AND METHODS Vespa is written in Python for compatibility across operating systems. It embeds the PyGAMMA spectral simulation library for spectral simulation. Multiprocessing methods accelerate processing and visualization. Applications use the Vespa database for results storage and cross-application access. Three projects demonstrate pulse, sequence, simulation, and data analysis workflows: (1) short TE semi-LASER single-voxel spectroscopy (SVS) LCM fitting, (2) optimizing MEGA-PRESS (MEscher-GArwood Point RESolved Spectroscopy) flip angle and LCM fitting, and (3) creating a synthetic short TE dataset. RESULTS The LCM workflows for in vivo basis set creation and spectral analysis showed reasonable results for both the short TE semi-LASER and MEGA-PRESS. Examples of pulses, simulations, and data fitting are shown in Vespa application interfaces for various steps to demonstrate the interactive workflow. CONCLUSION Vespa provides an efficient and extensible platform for characterizing RF pulses, pulse design, spectral simulation optimization, and automated LCM fitting via an interactive platform. Modular design and command line interface make it easy to embed in other platforms. As open source, it is free to the MRS community for use and extension. Vespa source code and documentation are available through GitHub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Soher
- Center for Advanced MR Development, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Philip Semanchuk
- Center for Advanced MR Development, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Todd
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Ji
- Center for Advanced MR Development, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dinesh Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James Joers
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gulin Oz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karl Young
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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36
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Peek AL, Rebbeck TJ, Leaver AM, Foster SL, Refshauge KM, Puts NA, Oeltzschner G. A comprehensive guide to MEGA-PRESS for GABA measurement. Anal Biochem 2023; 669:115113. [PMID: 36958511 PMCID: PMC10805000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this guideline is to provide a series of evidence-based recommendations that allow those new to using MEGA-PRESS to produce high-quality data for the measurement of GABA levels using edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy with the MEGA-PRESS sequence at 3T. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system and has been increasingly studied due to its relevance in many clinical disorders of the central nervous system. MEGA-PRESS is the most widely used method for quantification of GABA at 3T, but is technically challenging and operates at a low signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, the acquisition of high-quality MRS data relies on avoiding numerous pitfalls and observing important caveats. The guideline was developed by a working party that consisted of experts in MRS and experts in guideline development and implementation, together with key stakeholders. Strictly following a translational framework, we first identified evidence using a systematically conducted scoping literature review, then synthesized and graded the quality of evidence that formed recommendations. These recommendations were then sent to a panel of 21 world leaders in MRS for feedback and approval using a modified-Delphi process across two rounds. The final guideline consists of 23 recommendations across six domains essential for GABA MRS acquisition (Parameters, Practicalities, Data acquisition, Confounders, Quality/reporting, Post-processing). Overall, 78% of recommendations were formed from high-quality evidence, and 91% received agreement from over 80% of the expert panel. These 23 expert-reviewed recommendations and accompanying extended documentation form a readily useable guideline to allow those new to using MEGA-PRESS to design appropriate MEGA-PRESS study protocols and generate high-quality data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Peek
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2141, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, Queensland, Australia.
| | - T J Rebbeck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2141, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Road Traffic Injury Recovery, Queensland, Australia.
| | - A M Leaver
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2141, Australia.
| | - S L Foster
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2141, Australia; Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.
| | - K M Refshauge
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2141, Australia.
| | - N A Puts
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK.
| | - G Oeltzschner
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
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Shamaei AM, Starcukova J, Starcuk Z. Physics-informed deep learning approach to quantification of human brain metabolites from magnetic resonance spectroscopy data. Comput Biol Med 2023; 158:106837. [PMID: 37044049 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While the recommended analysis method for magnetic resonance spectroscopy data is linear combination model (LCM) fitting, the supervised deep learning (DL) approach for quantification of MR spectroscopy (MRS) and MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data recently showed encouraging results; however, supervised learning requires ground truth fitted spectra, which is not practical. Moreover, this work investigates the feasibility and efficiency of the LCM-based self-supervised DL method for the analysis of MRS data. METHOD We present a novel DL-based method for the quantification of relative metabolite concentrations, using quantum-mechanics simulated metabolite responses and neural networks. We trained, validated, and evaluated the proposed networks with simulated and publicly accessible in-vivo human brain MRS data and compared the performance with traditional methods. A novel adaptive macromolecule fitting algorithm is included. We investigated the performance of the proposed methods in a Monte Carlo (MC) study. RESULT The validation using low-SNR simulated data demonstrated that the proposed methods could perform quantification comparably to other methods. The applicability of the proposed method for the quantification of in-vivo MRS data was demonstrated. Our proposed networks have the potential to reduce computation time significantly. CONCLUSION The proposed model-constrained deep neural networks trained in a self-supervised manner can offer fast and efficient quantification of MRS and MRSI data. Our proposed method has the potential to facilitate clinical practice by enabling faster processing of large datasets such as high-resolution MRSI datasets, which may have thousands of spectra.
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Zöllner HJ, Thiel TA, Füllenbach ND, Jördens MS, Ahn S, Wilms LM, Ljimani A, Häussinger D, Butz M, Wittsack HJ, Schnitzler A, Oeltzschner G. J-difference GABA-edited MRS reveals altered cerebello-thalamo-cortical metabolism in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1221-1238. [PMID: 36729261 PMCID: PMC10897767 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common neurological manifestation of liver cirrhosis and is characterized by an increase of ammonia in the brain accompanied by a disrupted neurotransmitter balance, including the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. The aim of this study is to investigate metabolic abnormalities in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical system of HE patients using GABA-edited MRS and links between metabolite levels, disease severity, critical flicker frequency (CFF), motor performance scores, and blood ammonia levels. GABA-edited MRS was performed in 35 participants (16 controls, 19 HE patients) on a clinical 3 T MRI system. MRS voxels were placed in the right cerebellum, left thalamus, and left motor cortex. Levels of GABA+ and of other metabolites of interest (glutamine, glutamate, myo-inositol, glutathione, total choline, total NAA, and total creatine) were assessed. Group differences in metabolite levels and associations with clinical metrics were tested. GABA+ levels were significantly increased in the cerebellum of patients with HE. GABA+ levels in the motor cortex were significantly decreased in HE patients, and correlated with the CFF (r = 0.73; p < .05) and motor performance scores (r = -0.65; p < .05). Well-established HE-typical metabolite patterns (increased glutamine, decreased myo-inositol and total choline) were confirmed in all three regions and were closely linked to clinical metrics. In summary, our findings provide further evidence for alterations in the GABAergic system in the cerebellum and motor cortex in HE. These changes were accompanied by characteristic patterns of osmolytes and oxidative stress markers in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical system. These metabolic disturbances are a likely contributor to HE motor symptoms in HE. In patients with hepatic encephalopathy, GABA+ levels in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical loop are significantly increased in the cerebellum and significantly decreased in the motor cortex. GABA+ levels in the motor cortex strongly correlate with critical flicker frequency (CFF) and motor performance score (pegboard test tPEG), but not blood ammonia levels (NH3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Jörn Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Thomas A Thiel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nur-Deniz Füllenbach
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus S Jördens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Lena M Wilms
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ljimani
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dieter Häussinger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Butz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Wittsack
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gursan A, Hendriks AD, Welting D, de Jong PA, Klomp DWJ, Prompers JJ. Deuterium body array for the simultaneous measurement of hepatic and renal glucose metabolism and gastric emptying with dynamic 3D deuterium metabolic imaging at 7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023:e4926. [PMID: 36929629 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a novel noninvasive method to assess tissue metabolism and organ (patho)physiology in vivo using deuterated substrates, such as [6,6'-2 H2 ]-glucose. The liver and kidneys play a central role in whole-body glucose homeostasis, and in type 2 diabetes, both hepatic and renal glucose metabolism are dysregulated. Diabetes is also associated with gastric emptying abnormalities. In this study, we developed a four-channel 2 H transmit/receive body array coil for DMI in the human abdomen at 7 T and assessed its performance. In addition, the feasibility of simultaneously measuring gastric emptying, and hepatic and renal glucose uptake and metabolism with dynamic 3D DMI upon administration of deuterated glucose, was investigated. Simulated and measured B1 + patterns were in good agreement. The intrasession variability of the natural abundance deuterated water signal in the liver and right kidney, measured in nine healthy volunteers, was 5.6% ± 0.9% and 4.9% ± 0.7%, respectively. Dynamic 3D DMI scans with oral administration of [6,6'-2 H2 ]-glucose showed similar kinetics of deuterated glucose appearance and disappearance in the liver and kidney. The measured gastric emptying half time was 80 ± 10 min, which is in good agreement with scintigraphy measurements. In conclusion, DMI with oral administration of [6,6'-2 H2 ]-glucose enables simultaneous assessment of gastric emptying and liver and kidney glucose uptake and metabolism. When applied in patients with diabetes, this approach may advance our understanding of the interplay between disturbances in liver and kidney glucose uptake and metabolism and gastric emptying, at a detail that cannot be achieved by any other method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Gursan
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan D Hendriks
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri Welting
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pim A de Jong
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Yoo CH, Kim J, Baek HM, Chang KA, Choe BY. Neurodegenerative Changes in the Brains of the 5xFAD Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice Investigated by High-Field and High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multi-Nuclei Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065073. [PMID: 36982146 PMCID: PMC10049146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate morphological and metabolic changes in the brains of 5xFAD mice. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were obtained in 10- and 14-month-old 5xFAD and wild-type (WT) mice, while 31P MRS scans were acquired in 11-month-old mice. Significantly reduced gray matter (GM) was identified by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and periaqueductal gray areas of 5xFAD mice compared to WT mice. Significant reductions in N-acetyl aspartate and elevation of myo-Inositol were revealed by the quantification of MRS in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice, compared to WT. A significant reduction in NeuN-positive cells and elevation of Iba1- and GFAP-positive cells supported this observation. The reduction in phosphomonoester and elevation of phosphodiester was observed in 11-month-old 5xFAD mice, which might imply a sign of disruption in the membrane synthesis. Commonly reported 1H MRS features were replicated in the hippocampus of 14-month-old 5xFAD mice, and a sign of disruption in the membrane synthesis and elevation of breakdown were revealed in the whole brain of 5xFAD mice by 31P MRS. GM volume reduction was identified in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and periaqueductal gray areas of 5xFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hyeon Yoo
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-M.B.); (K.-A.C.)
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-M.B.); (K.-A.C.)
| | - Bo-Young Choe
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Shamaei A, Starcukova J, Pavlova I, Starcuk Z. Model-informed unsupervised deep learning approaches to frequency and phase correction of MRS signals. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1221-1236. [PMID: 36367249 PMCID: PMC10098589 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A supervised deep learning (DL) approach for frequency and phase correction (FPC) of MRS data recently showed encouraging results, but obtaining transients with labels for supervised learning is challenging. This work investigates the feasibility and efficiency of unsupervised deep learning-based FPC. METHODS Two novel deep learning-based FPC methods (deep learning-based Cr referencing and deep learning-based spectral registration), which use a priori physics domain knowledge, are presented. The proposed networks were trained, validated, and evaluated using simulated, phantom, and publicly accessible in vivo MEGA-edited MRS data. The performance of our proposed FPC methods was compared with other generally used FPC methods, in terms of precision and time efficiency. A new measure was proposed in this study to evaluate the FPC method performance. The ability of each of our methods to carry out FPC at varying SNR levels was evaluated. A Monte Carlo study was carried out to investigate the performance of our proposed methods. RESULTS The validation using low-SNR manipulated simulated data demonstrated that the proposed methods could perform FPC comparably with other methods. The evaluation showed that the deep learning-based spectral registration over a limited frequency range method achieved the highest performance in phantom data. The applicability of the proposed method for FPC of GABA-edited in vivo MRS data was demonstrated. Our proposed networks have the potential to reduce computation time significantly. CONCLUSIONS The proposed physics-informed deep neural networks trained in an unsupervised manner with complex data can offer efficient FPC of large MRS data in a shorter time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmohammad Shamaei
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Starcukova
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Pavlova
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zenon Starcuk
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Pohl H, Wyss P, Sandor PS, Schoenen J, Luechinger R, O'Gorman R, Riederer F, Gantenbein AR, Michels L. The longitudinal influence of tDCS on occipital GABA and glutamate/glutamine levels in episodic migraineurs. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:815-825. [PMID: 36688271 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated differences in the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the combination of glutamine and glutamate (as GLX) in the early visual cortex of patients with episodic migraine and the influence of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on GABA and GLX. In this single-blind, sham-controlled trial, we randomly assigned patients with episodic migraine to receive daily anodal tDCS or sham stimulation. In addition, we included healthy controls. We acquired proton MR spectroscopy data of the visual cortex with 3 Tesla MRI at baseline and from migraine patients directly after the stimulation period and 4 months later. In 22 migraineurs and 25 controls, the GABA and the GLX concentrations did not differ at baseline between the groups. tDCS resulted in reduced concentrations of GABA but not GLX or the migraine frequency directly after the stimulation period, but not 4 months later. The changes in the levels of GABA in the early visual cortex of patients with episodic migraine in the interictal period suggest an effect of tDCS that allowed for subsequent changes in the migraine frequency. However, we might have missed relevant variations in the concentrations of these neurotransmitters during the follow-up period, as changes in migraine frequency appeared after the first MRI and disappeared before the second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Pohl
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Wyss
- Department of Radiology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Peter S Sandor
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, ZURZACH Care, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
| | - Jean Schoenen
- Headache Research Unit, Department of Neurology-Citadelle Hospital, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Roger Luechinger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth O'Gorman
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz Riederer
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Karl Landsteiner Institute for Epilepsy Research and Cognitive Neurology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas R Gantenbein
- Department of Neurology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, ZURZACH Care, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland
| | - Lars Michels
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hupfeld KE, Zöllner HJ, Hui SCN, Song Y, Murali-Manohar S, Yedavalli V, Oeltzschner G, Prisciandaro JJ, Edden RAE. Impact of acquisition and modeling parameters on test-retest reproducibility of edited GABA. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.524952. [PMID: 36712103 PMCID: PMC9882325 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Literature values for within-subject test-retest reproducibility of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), measured with edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), vary widely. Reasons for this variation remain unclear. Here we tested whether sequence complexity (two-experiment MEGA-PRESS versus four-experiment HERMES), editing pulse duration (14 versus 20 ms), scanner frequency drift (interleaved water referencing (IWR) turned ON versus OFF), and linear combination modeling variations (three different co-edited macromolecule models and 0.55 versus 0.4 ppm spline baseline knot spacing) affected the within-subject coefficient of variation of GABA + macromolecules (GABA+). We collected edited MRS data from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex from 20 participants (30.8 ± 9.5 years; 10 males). Test and retest scans were separated by removing the participant from the scanner for 5-10 minutes. Each acquisition consisted of two MEGA-PRESS and two HERMES sequences with editing pulse durations of 14 and 20 ms (referred to here as: MEGA-14, MEGA-20, HERMES-14, and HERMES-20; all TE = 80 ms, 224 averages). Reproducibility did not consistently differ for MEGA-PRESS compared with HERMES or for 14 compared with 20 ms editing pulses. A composite model of the 0.9 and 3 ppm macromolecules (particularly for HERMES) and sparser (0.55 compared with 0.4 ppm) spline baseline knot spacing yielded generally better test-retest reproducibility for GABA+. Replicating our prior results, linear combination modeling in Osprey compared with simple peak fitting in Gannet resulted in substantially better test-retest reproducibility. These results highlight the importance of model selection for edited MRS studies of GABA+, particularly for clinical studies which focus on individual patient differences in GABA+ or changes following an intervention.
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Najac C, Boer VO, Kan HE, Webb AG, Ronen I. Improved detection limits of J-coupled neurometabolites in the human brain at 7 T with a J-refocused sLASER sequence. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4801. [PMID: 35833462 PMCID: PMC9788253 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a standard spin echo, the time evolution due to homonuclear couplings is not reversed, leading to echo time (TE)-dependent modulation of the signal amplitude and signal loss in the case of overlapping multiplet resonances. This has an adverse effect on quantification of several important metabolites such as glutamate and glutamine. Here, we propose a J-refocused variant of the sLASER sequence (J-sLASER) to improve quantification of J-coupled metabolites at ultrahigh field (UHF). The use of the sLASER sequence is particularly advantageous at UHF as it minimizes chemical shift displacement error and results in relatively homogenous refocusing. We simulated the MRS signal from brain metabolites over a broad range of TE values with sLASER and J-sLASER, and showed that the signal of J-coupled metabolites was increased with J-sLASER with TE values up to ~80 ms. We further simulated "brain-like" spectra with both sequences at the shortest TE available on our scanner. We showed that, despite the slightly longer TE, the J-sLASER sequence results in significantly lower Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for J-coupled metabolites compared with those obtained with sLASER. Following phantom validation, we acquired spectra from two brain regions in 10 healthy volunteers (age 38 ± 15 years) using both sequences. We showed that using J-sLASER results in a decrease of CRLBs for J-coupled metabolites. In particular, we measured a robust ~38% decrease in the mean CRLB (glutamine) in parietal white matter and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). We further showed, in 10 additional healthy volunteers (age 34 ± 15 years), that metabolite quantification following two separate acquisitions with J-sLASER in the PCC was repeatable. The improvement in quantification of glutamine may in turn improve the independent quantification of glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and will simultaneously help to track possible modulations of glutamine, which is a key player in the glutamatergic cycle in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Najac
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Vincent O. Boer
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic ResonanceCopenhagen University Hospital HvidovreHvidovreDenmark
| | - Hermien E. Kan
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Andrew G. Webb
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Itamar Ronen
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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Jeon YJ, Park SE, Chang KA, Baek HM. Signal-to-Noise Ratio Enhancement of Single-Voxel In Vivo 31P and 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Mice Brain Data Using Low-Rank Denoising. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121191. [PMID: 36557229 PMCID: PMC9782548 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive technique for measuring metabolite concentration. It can be used for preclinical small animal brain studies using rodents to provide information about neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders. However, data acquisition from small volumes in a limited scan time is technically challenging due to its inherently low sensitivity. To mitigate this problem, this study investigated the feasibility of a low-rank denoising method in enhancing the quality of single voxel multinuclei (31P and 1H) MRS data at 9.4 T. Performance was evaluated using in vivo MRS data from a normal mouse brain (31P and 1H) and stroke mouse model (1H) by comparison with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs), and metabolite concentrations of a linear combination of model analysis results. In 31P MRS data, low-rank denoising resulted in improved SNRs and reduced metabolite quantification uncertainty compared with the original data. In 1H MRS data, the method also improved the SNRs, CRLBs, but it performed better for 31P MRS data with relatively simpler patterns compared to the 1H MRS data. Therefore, we suggest that the low-rank denoising method can improve spectra SNR and metabolite quantification uncertainty in single-voxel in vivo 31P and 1H MRS data, and it might be more effective for 31P MRS data. The main contribution of this study is that we demonstrated the effectiveness of the low-rank denoising method on small-volume single-voxel MRS data. We anticipate that our results will be useful for the precise quantification of low-concentration metabolites, further reducing data acquisition voxel size, and scan time in preclinical MRS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Jae Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Eui Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(32)-8996678
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Dong Z, Kantrowitz JT, Mann JJ. Improving the reproducibility of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy brain thermometry: Theoretical and empirical approaches. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4749. [PMID: 35475306 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS)-based thermometry of brain, averaging temperatures measured from more than one reference peak offers several advantages, including improving the reproducibility (i.e., precision) of the measurement. This paper proposes theoretically and empirically optimal weighting factors to improve the weighted average of temperatures measured from three references. We first proposed concepts of equivalent noise and equivalent signal-to-noise ratio in terms of frequency measurement and a concept of relative frequency that allows the combination of different peaks in a spectrum for improving the precision of frequency measurement. Based on these, we then derived a theoretically optimal weighting factor and proposed an empirical weighting factor, both involving equivalent noise levels, for a weighted average of temperatures measured from three references (i.e., the singlets of NAA, Cr, and Ch in the 1 H MR spectrum). We assessed these two weighting factors by comparing their errors in measurement of temperatures with the errors of temperatures measured from individual references; we also compared these two new weighting factors with two previously proposed weighting factors. These errors were defined as the standard deviations in repeated measurements or in Monte Carlo studies. Both the proposed theoretical and empirical weighting factors outperformed the two previously proposed weighting factors as well as the three individual references in all phantom and in vivo experiments. In phantom experiments with 4- or 10-Hz line broadening, the theoretical weighting factor outperformed the empirical one, but the latter was superior in all other repeated and Monte Carlo tests performed on phantom and in vivo data. The proposed weighting factors are superior to the two previously proposed weighting factors and can improve the reproducibility of temperature measurement using 1 H MRS-based thermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua T Kantrowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Does the change in glutamate to GABA ratio correlate with change in depression severity? A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3833-3841. [PMID: 35982258 PMCID: PMC9712215 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies suggest a perturbation in glutamate and/or GABA in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, no studies examine the ratio of glutamate and glutamine (Glx) to GABA (Glx/GABA) as it relates to depressive symptoms, which may be more sensitive than either single metabolite. Using a within-subject design, we hypothesized that reduction in depressive symptoms correlates with reduction in Glx/GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The present trial is a randomized clinical trial that utilized 1H-MRS to examine Glx/GABA before and after 8 weeks of escitalopram or placebo. Participants completed the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17) and underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after treatment. Two GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS acquisitions were interleaved with a water unsuppressed reference scan. GABA and Glx were quantified from the average difference spectrum, with preprocessing using Gannet and spectral fitting using TARQUIN. Linear mixed models were utilized to evaluate relationships between change in HDRS17 and change in Glx/GABA using a univariate linear regression model, multiple linear regression incorporating treatment type as a covariate, and Bayes Factor (BF) hypothesis testing to examine strength of evidence. No significant relationship was detected between percent change in Glx, GABA, or Glx/GABA and percent change in HDRS17, regardless of treatment type. Further, MDD severity before/after treatment did not correlate with ACC Glx/GABA. In light of variable findings in the literature and lack of association in our investigation, future directions should include evaluating glutamate and glutamine individually to shed light on the underpinnings of MDD severity. Advancing Personalized Antidepressant Treatment Using PET/MRI, ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02623205.
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Lim S, Xin L. γ-aminobutyric acid measurement in the human brain at 7 T: Short echo-time or Mescher-Garwood editing. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4706. [PMID: 35102618 PMCID: PMC9285498 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of the current study were to introduce a Mescher-Garwood (MEGA) semi-adiabatic spin-echo full-intensity localization (MEGA-sSPECIAL) sequence with macromolecule (MM) subtraction and to compare the test-retest reproducibility of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) measurements at 7 T using the sSPECIAL and MEGA-sSPECIAL sequences. The MEGA-sSPECIAL editing scheme using asymmetric adiabatic and highly selective Gaussian pulses was used to compare its GABA measurement reproducibility with that of short echo-time (TE) sSPECIAL. Proton magnetic resonance spectra were acquired in the motor cortex (M1) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) using the sSPECIAL (TR/TE = 4000/16 ms) and MEGA-sSPECIAL sequences (TR/TE = 4000/80 ms). The metabolites were quantified using LCModel with unsuppressed water spectra. The concentrations are reported in institutional units. The test-retest reproducibility was evaluated by scanning each subject twice. Between-session reproducibility was assessed using coefficients of variation (CVs), Pearson's r correlation coefficients, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Intersequence agreement was evaluated using Pearson's r correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. Regarding GABA measurements by sSPECIAL, the GABA concentrations were 0.92 ± 0.31 (IU) in the M1 and 1.56 ± 0.49 (IU) in the mPFC. This demonstrated strong between-session correlation across both regions (r = 0.81, p < 0.01; ICC = 0.82). The CVs between the two scans were 21.8% in the M1 and 10.2% in the mPFC. On the other hand, the GABA measurements by MEGA-sSPECIAL were 0.52 ± 0.04 (IU) in the M1 and 1.04 ± 0.24 (IU) in the mPFC. MEGA-sSPECIAL demonstrated strong between-session correlation across the two regions (r = 0.98, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.98) and lower CVs than sSPECIAL, providing 4.1% in the M1 and 5.8% in the mPFC. The MEGA-editing method showed better reproducibility of GABA measurements in both brain regions compared with the short-TE sSPECIAL method. Thus it is a more sensitive method with which to detect small changes in areas with low GABA concentrations. In GABA-rich brain regions, GABA measurements can be achieved reproducibly using both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song‐I Lim
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic ImagingÉcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
- Animal Imaging and TechnologyEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Lijing Xin
- CIBM Center for Biomedical ImagingSwitzerland
- Animal Imaging and TechnologyEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
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Craven AR, Bhattacharyya PK, Clarke WT, Dydak U, Edden RAE, Ersland L, Mandal PK, Mikkelsen M, Murdoch JB, Near J, Rideaux R, Shukla D, Wang M, Wilson M, Zöllner HJ, Hugdahl K, Oeltzschner G. Comparison of seven modelling algorithms for γ-aminobutyric acid-edited proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4702. [PMID: 35078266 PMCID: PMC9203918 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Edited MRS sequences are widely used for studying γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the human brain. Several algorithms are available for modelling these data, deriving metabolite concentration estimates through peak fitting or a linear combination of basis spectra. The present study compares seven such algorithms, using data obtained in a large multisite study. GABA-edited (GABA+, TE = 68 ms MEGA-PRESS) data from 222 subjects at 20 sites were processed via a standardised pipeline, before modelling with FSL-MRS, Gannet, AMARES, QUEST, LCModel, Osprey and Tarquin, using standardised vendor-specific basis sets (for GE, Philips and Siemens) where appropriate. After referencing metabolite estimates (to water or creatine), systematic differences in scale were observed between datasets acquired on different vendors' hardware, presenting across algorithms. Scale differences across algorithms were also observed. Using the correlation between metabolite estimates and voxel tissue fraction as a benchmark, most algorithms were found to be similarly effective in detecting differences in GABA+. An interclass correlation across all algorithms showed single-rater consistency for GABA+ estimates of around 0.38, indicating moderate agreement. Upon inclusion of a basis set component explicitly modelling the macromolecule signal underlying the observed 3.0 ppm GABA peaks, single-rater consistency improved to 0.44. Correlation between discrete pairs of algorithms varied, and was concerningly weak in some cases. Our findings highlight the need for consensus on appropriate modelling parameters across different algorithms, and for detailed reporting of the parameters adopted in individual studies to ensure reproducibility and meaningful comparison of outcomes between different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R. Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of Clinical EngineeringHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- NORMENT Center of ExcellenceHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | | | - William T. Clarke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics UnitUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health SciencesPurdue UniversityIndianaWest LafayetteUSA
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain ImagingKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Department of Clinical EngineeringHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Pravat K. Mandal
- NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research CentreGurgaonIndia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain ImagingKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Jamie Near
- Centre d'Imagerie CérébraleDouglas Mental Health University InstituteMontrealCanada
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
- Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Reuben Rideaux
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Deepika Shukla
- NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research CentreGurgaonIndia
- Perinatal Trials Unit FoundationBengaluruIndia
- Centre for Perinatal NeuroscienceImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Min Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Martin Wilson
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of PsychologyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Helge J. Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain ImagingKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical PsychologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Division of PsychiatryHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
- Department of RadiologyHaukeland University HospitalBergenNorway
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain ImagingKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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MacKinley M, Ford SD, Jeon P, Théberge J, Palaniyappan L. Central Oxidative Stress and Early Vocational Outcomes in First Episode Psychosis: A 7-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of Glutathione. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:921-930. [PMID: 35307736 PMCID: PMC9212125 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Following the first episode of psychosis, some patients develop poor social and occupational outcomes, while others display a pattern of preserved functioning. Evidence from preclinical, genetic, and biochemical studies suggest a role for high oxidative stress in poor functional outcomes among patients. The measurement of intracortical glutathione (GSH) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) enables investigating the relationship between central antioxidant tone and functional outcomes at the time of first-episode psychosis (FEP). We hypothesized that patients with higher central antioxidant tone at first presentation will have better functional outcomes in early stages of illness. STUDY DESIGN We scanned 57 patients with FEP and 30 matched healthy controls and estimated GSH resonance using 7-Tesla MRS. We minimized the confounding effects of illness chronicity, long-term treatment exposure, and metabolic complications by recruiting patients with <2 weeks of lifetime antipsychotic exposure on average and followed up this cohort for the next 1 year to determine functional outcomes. STUDY RESULTS Patients who achieved employment/education or training status (EET) in the first year, had higher GSH at the baseline than healthy controls. Social and occupational functioning assessment scale (SOFAS) scores were also significantly higher in patients with higher GSH levels at the outset, after adjusting for various confounds including baseline SOFAS. Patients who were not in EET did not differ from healthy subjects in their GSH levels. CONCLUSION Our observations support a key role for the central antioxidant tone in the functional outcomes of early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Jeon
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Théberge
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; 1151 Richmond Street N., Room 3208, UWO, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7; tel: (519) 931-5777 (ext. 24398), e-mail:
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