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Lind BM, Wigert H, Jenholt Nolbris M, Patriksson K. Child healthcare nurses' experience of communication with 4-year-old children during their visit to the child health care center. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:1098-1105. [PMID: 38881097 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To illuminate child healthcare nurses' experiences of communication with 4-year-old children during their visit to the child healthcare center. DESIGN A qualitative method, using data collected from individual interviews. SAMPLE Fifteen semistructured interviews with nurses working in a child healthcare center. MEASUREMENTS The results were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS The analysis resulted in three themes and eight subthemes: Adapting to the child in the conversation, based on the subthemes Preparing for the visit, Listening in and observing, and Creating a welcoming environment; Combining strategies for the conversation, based on the subthemes Engaging the child, Using visual tools, and Parental involvement; and Challenges due to language barriers, based on the subthemes Using an interpreter and Parent acts as interpreter. CONCLUSION Child healthcare nurses focus on the child when communicating and strive to create joy and a welcoming environment. The communication strategies employed during the visit include engaging the child directly, involving parents in the conversation, and balancing the parental involvement. Communication challenges related to language barriers are addressed, particularly during interpreter-assisted conversations. The study indicates a need for tailored strategies, collaboration, and sensitivity to ensure a child-centered approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt-Marie Lind
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Helena Wigert
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Neonatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Jenholt Nolbris
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Patriksson
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, NU-Hospital Group, Trollhättan, Sweden
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Alighieri C, Mouton T, Allemeersch F, Van Lierde K. "The Decision to End Speech Therapy Brought More Peace and Tranquility Into Our Family": Exploring Speech-Related Treatment Fatigue and Dropout in Parents and Children With a Cleft Palate. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39116321 DOI: 10.1044/2024_ajslp-24-00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment fatigue is a complex, multidimensional, multicausal, and subjective phenomenon that is not yet well explored and understood in the area of speech therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate speech-related treatment fatigue and speech treatment dropout in parents and children with a cleft (lip and) palate receiving or having received speech treatment for cleft-related articulation disorders. METHOD Thirteen participants were included in this study (n = seven parents with a median age of 40 years and n = six children with a median age of 10 years). Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted separately with parents and children to investigate their experiences with cleft speech treatment. An inductive thematic approach was used to analyze the data and construct different themes. Rigor of the data was verified by conducting an investigator triangulation and by performing member checks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The analyses of the interviews yielded three major themes of importance to the children and their parents: (a) physical symptoms of treatment fatigue, (b) psychological symptoms of treatment fatigue, and (c) from treatment fatigue to treatment dropout. Physical symptoms of treatment fatigue were mainly related to transportation burden. On a psychological level, speech treatment may potentially lead to a cognitive-emotional overload. These feelings are primarily related to the practical issue of scheduling required treatment sessions in the family agenda. The decision to discontinue speech treatment was reported to be multifactorial. In this decision-making process, data suggested that the child's perspective must be heard more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Alighieri
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre for Speech and Language Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Tara Mouton
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre for Speech and Language Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Fien Allemeersch
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre for Speech and Language Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Kristiane Van Lierde
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre for Speech and Language Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
- Faculty of Humanities, Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Väliaho A, Lehtonen L, Axelin A, Korja R. Reflections about being born extremely preterm in children and adolescents: A qualitative descriptive study. Early Hum Dev 2024; 194:106048. [PMID: 38848621 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival of the smallest and most immature preterm infants, born at 23-24 weeks of gestation, has improved significantly. While there is a substantial amount of research on the neurocognitive and social outcomes of extremely premature birth, little is known about the survivors' subjective experience of being born preterm and its effect on later life. AIMS The purpose was to study the subjective experiences of school-aged children born at 23-24 weeks of gestation, in order to understand their perspectives on how being born extremely early had affected their life. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative descriptive study. METHODS 18 school-aged children (12 girls and 6 boys, 7-15 years of age), born at 23 or 24 weeks of gestation, were interviewed. The semi-structured interview guide covered six topics about quality of life: somatic health, functioning, learning and memory, emotional health, social relations, experience of prematurity and its effect. RESULTS Most children reported memories, which were told to them by parents, about their premature birth and early life. Using qualitative thematic analysis, the narratives of the children were classified into three groups: 1) the go-with-the-flow children, who identified little or no effect of prematurity, 2) the ponderers, who reflected on some effects such as minor physical challenges, and 3) the hesitants, who either did not connect their challenges with prematurity, or did not produce much reflection overall. CONCLUSIONS Children had been told about their early life by the parents and repeated these memories indicating that prematurity had become a significant part of the family story. Differences were found how the children reflected on the impact of prematurity in their personal life. It is essential to include preterm survivors' own perspectives already during childhood and adolescence into the research of extreme prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Väliaho
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Liisa Lehtonen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Axelin
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Davies C, Waters D, Fraser J. Factors that support children and young people to express their views and to have them heard in healthcare: An inductive qualitative content analysis. J Child Health Care 2024:13674935241258515. [PMID: 38832575 DOI: 10.1177/13674935241258515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite development of healthcare charters supporting Article 12 of The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, children and young people remain largely silenced in discussions about their healthcare. This article is based on the premise that children and young people should be able to exercise their right to express their views and be heard in all matters that affect their lives. This study examined children's and young people's experiences of expressing their views and having them heard in an Australian healthcare context. Using child-centred inquiry and 'draw, write, and tell' methods, data were collected from 20 children and young people. Five factors that supported children and young people to express their views and have their views heard were identified: time, relationships with health professionals, communication, teamwork, and family support. By paying attention to these factors, clinicians and others in health settings can better facilitate child-centred practices and support children and young people to express their views and have those views heard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Davies
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Donna Waters
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Fraser
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Thomas D, O'Connor G. Exploring near death experiences with children post intensive care: A case series. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:443-449. [PMID: 38016826 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Near death experiences (NDEs) can occur during life-threatening events. In this article, we present preliminary findings from a case study series. We highlight experiences of children that are synchronous with the basic elements of near death experiences (NDEs) and discuss how children describe their own experiences. Children reported unsolicited NDE type experiences that included out of body experiences, bright lights, bedside visions, bi-location and visiting celestial places. The aim of the article is to show that children are an important research population for the study of near-death experiences. Children's near-death experiences are simple and carry transcendental features such as a peaceful darkness, a knowing awareness and time alterations. Children assign a subjective reality to their near-death experiences. Younger children may demonstrate a visual NDE semiosis which warrants further investigation. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the value for involving children in NDE research through participatory and creative research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Thomas
- IcreateS Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, UK, Floor 1, Eden House, Preston, United Kingdom.
| | - Graeme O'Connor
- Great Ormand Street Children's Hospital Foundation Trust, Great Ormand Street, London, United Kingdom
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Dahlawi N, Milnes L, Swallow V. Children's behavioural and emotional reactions towards living with congenital heart disease in Saudi Arabia: A grounded theory study. Health Expect 2024; 27:e13959. [PMID: 38411365 PMCID: PMC10897868 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high incidence of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) was found in Saudi Arabia (SA). International literature reports that children with CHD exhibit behavioural and emotional issues due to experiencing hospitalisation and clinical treatments combined with a dearth of qualitative understanding of the experiences of younger children with CHD. Therefore, the aim was to explore the behaviour and emotions of 4-10-year-olds with CHD in SA through children's accounts of their own experiences and parental proxy reports of children's behaviour and emotions. METHODS Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory (GT) approach was used. Twenty single semi-structured interviews of 10 child/parent dyads were undertaken at a hospital clinic in SA. Children's interviews were combined with an arts-based approach using drawings, pictures and faces of emotions (emojis). Constant comparison analysis was undertaken. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines was followed in reporting this study. FINDINGS A substantive GT: children's behavioural and emotional reactions towards stressors related to living with CHD was developed and provides new insights into children's and parents' perceptions of the children's behavioural and emotional reactions to living with CHD in SA. The theory proposes that children's reactions to living with CHD relate to medical treatment stressors, sociocultural stressors and physical change stressors. Several further factors influenced children's responses to these stressors. CONCLUSION Children and parents in SA contributed to a new understanding of the relationship between CHD and children's behavioural and emotional reactions. In addition, findings support the need for early assessment of behaviour and emotions among children with CHD and the application of preventative and supportive measures for the children and their families in SA. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Before the research commenced, the developmental appropriateness of the proposed arts-based data collection tools was tested with three healthy children aged 6-9 years old; the tools were then revised accordingly before the interviews were undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Dahlawi
- Nursing Faculty, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Linda Milnes
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Veronica Swallow
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Guest E, Williamson H, Harcourt D. Congenital melanocytic naevus (CMN) through the lens: Using photo-elicitation interviews to explore adjustment in adolescents with a rare birthmark condition. Body Image 2024; 48:101656. [PMID: 38091858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents with the rare birthmarks congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) experience physical and psychosocial challenges, many of which stem from looking different from the 'norm'. However, some adjust and have positive experiences. Understanding the lived experiences of adolescents who have adjusted to CMN can provide a holistic picture of adjustment and inform the development of support and interventions for others with the condition. Open, participant-driven photo-elicitation interviews were conducted with four White females (15-17 years) who self-identified as having adjusted to CMN. Participants chose five photographs which were used to guide the interviews (47-80 min). Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the transcribed interview data. Three superordinate themes were identified: 'Accepting My 'True' Self' (1), 'I am Not Alone in This' (2), and 'Developing as a Person' (3). The themes related to accepting CMN as part of their identity, developing a positive body image (e.g., body appreciation, broad conceptualisations of beauty, body image flexibility), feeling supported and accepted by family, friends, and others with CMN, and developing adaptive coping skills. Findings suggest positive body image may be important for adjustment and can be determined by an individual. The benefits of using photo-elicitation within appearance research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom.
| | - Heidi Williamson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Harcourt
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
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Carter B, Young S, Ford K, Campbell S. The Concept of Child-Centred Care in Healthcare: A Scoping Review. Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:114-134. [PMID: 38391000 PMCID: PMC10885088 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Although child-centred care is increasingly referred to within the nursing literature, a clear definition of child-centred care and clarity around the concept is yet to be achieved. The objectives of this review were to examine the following: (1) What constitutes the concept of child-centred care in healthcare? (2) How has the concept of child-centred care developed? (3) What is the applicability of child-centred care and what are its limitations? (4) How does the concept of child-centred care benefit and inform children's healthcare? In total, 2984 papers were imported for screening, and, following the removal of duplicates and screening, 21 papers were included in the scoping review. The findings suggest that child-centred care is an emerging, ambiguous poorly defined concept; no clear consensus exists about what constitutes child-centred care. Although it seems antithetical to argue against child-centred care, little robust evidence was identified that demonstrates the impact and benefit of child-centred care. If child-centred care is to be a sustainable, convincing model to guide practice and compete with other models of care, it needs to establish robust evidence of its effectiveness, the impact on children and their families, as well as the wider impacts on the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernie Carter
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK
| | - Sarah Young
- Launceston Clinical School, Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health & Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Karen Ford
- School of Nursing, College of Health & Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Steven Campbell
- School of Nursing, College of Health & Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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Claridge AM, J Powell O. Children's experiences of stress and coping during hospitalization: A mixed-methods examination. J Child Health Care 2023; 27:531-546. [PMID: 35324345 DOI: 10.1177/13674935221078060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Children often experience hospitalization as stressful. To better understand children's experiences, this current study involved interviews with and assessments of 17 children who were currently admitted at a U.S. children's hospital. On average, they reported low levels of distress on the Facial Affective Scale (FAS) (M = .34) and moderate levels of anxiety on the Child Drawing: Hospital (M = 107.01). Results revealed themes in children's experiences including stressors in the hospital, such as pain, disruptions to normalcy, and uncertainty. Children also reported factors that contributed to coping, including social support from parents and peers, and distractions from the medical routine such as leaving their hospital room. When children were grouped into clusters based on coping, those who were younger and who had received child life specialist services tended to be coping well. Regardless of understanding of diagnosis, those who demonstrated high levels of stress (distress and anxiety) in assessments tended to be categorized as not coping well. The findings inform interventions to support children's coping during hospitalization.
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Esplana L, Olsson M, Nilsson S. 'Do you feel well or unwell?' A study on children's experience of estimating their nausea using the digital tool PicPecc. J Child Health Care 2023; 27:654-666. [PMID: 35452297 PMCID: PMC10676616 DOI: 10.1177/13674935221089746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research with childhood cancer has progressed greatly in recent years, resulting in much improved treatment that is more intensive. However, with this new treatment children often experience negative symptoms, and research shows that nausea is a symptom that most affects them. Pictorial support in person-centred care for children (PicPecc) is a digital picture-based tool for children who undergo treatment due to their cancer diagnosis and helps them more effectively communicate and self-report their symptoms and emotions. The aim of the study was to investigate children's experience of (i) using mHealth in nausea management and (ii) their acceptability of using an application (App). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight children aged five to fifteen years. Data were analysed with qualitative content analysis. The findings were presented in three categories: 1) Communicating feelings, 2) Playfulness generated in motivation and 3) App adaptable to children's capabilities. Using an App contributed to new opportunities for the children to participate in their care. They experienced their treatment in different ways and used different strategies to manage and distract themselves from their symptoms. Using the PicPecc App can increase healthcare staff's understanding of how children experience nausea when they undergo chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Esplana
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Queen Silvia Children´s Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Olsson
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Queen Silvia Children´s Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Nilsson
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, and University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care (GPCC), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Forsner M, Cyrén M, Gerdin A, Rullander A. It hurts to get forced: Children's narratives about restraint during medical procedures. PAEDIATRIC & NEONATAL PAIN 2023; 5:110-118. [PMID: 38149218 PMCID: PMC10749400 DOI: 10.1002/pne2.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
According to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), children have the right to be involved in decisions about medical procedures affecting them. However, research has shown that healthcare professionals sometimes find this difficult to achieve and those procedures then are performed against the will of the child. The aim was to illuminate restraint from the perspective of children's and young people's experiences of feeling forced during medical procedures. Following the phenomenological hermeneutic method, a secondary qualitative analysis of narrative data from four datasets collected between 2001 and 2020 was performed. Twelve children and young people aged 6-19 years (three male, nine female) from central and northern Sweden narrated their experiences of restraint related to medical procedures in nine narrative interviews and three short written narratives. The analysis revealed that it hurts to get forced, this being illustrated in six themes: bodily misery, emotional rebellion, feeling disregarded, physically limited, desiring escape, and leaving deep traces. From the perspective of children and young people, restraint was interpreted with inspiration from the philosopher Michel Foucault, as being overpowered - not voluntary submission but offering resistance - and according to the theory of caring and uncaring, a relationship in which the healthcare professional is perceived as indifferent to the patient as a person. In conclusion restraint hurts and means powerlessness to the child, leaving deep traces that remain for a long time. The findings call the healthcare profession to take action to support children's self-determination, participation, and integrity in healthcare. How children experience restraint in healthcare merits further investigation from the children's own perspective.
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Woollett N, Christofides N, Franchino-Olsen H, Silima M, Fouche A, Meinck F. 'Through the drawings…they are able to tell you straight': Using arts-based methods in violence research in South Africa. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002209. [PMID: 37812594 PMCID: PMC10561840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Arts-based methods are underutilized in violence research and may offer improved means of understanding these phenomena; but little is known about their value, especially in low-resource settings. A pilot study using a cross sectional sample was conducted in rural South Africa to determine the feasibility and acceptability of using arts-based methods in research with adults and children, in preparation for a longitudinal multigenerational cohort study on mechanisms that underly the intergenerational transmission of violence. Four arts-based methods were piloted with young adults aged 22-30 years (n = 29), children aged 4-7 years (n = 21) and former caregivers of the young adults aged 40-69 years (n = 11). A sample of qualitative interviews were audio recorded and transcribed (child n = 15, adults n = 19). Three focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to understand implementation and lessons learnt with the six interviewers on the study team, none of whom had used these methods in research before. Interviews and FGDs were audio recorded, transcribed and reviewed by the investigative team. Using a rapid analytical approach, our pilot study demonstrated that using arts and play-based methods in multigenerational violence research is feasible and acceptable to participants and interviewers. These methods worked well for nearly all participants regardless of age or ability and offered a comfortable and 'fun' way to engage in weighty conversations. They presented benefits in their capability to facilitate disclosure, expanding understanding, particularly around violence that is often a stigmatizing and sensitive experience. Interviewers required increased capacity and sensitivity in using the methods carefully, to maximize their full potential, and ongoing mentorship was indicated. Our study adds to the burgeoning evidence base of the effectiveness of the use of arts-based methods in health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Woollett
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Visual Arts, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicola Christofides
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Mpho Silima
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ansie Fouche
- School of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Social Wellbeing, United Arab Emirates University, A1 Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Franziska Meinck
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Alighieri C, Bettens K, Verbeke J, Van Lierde K. 'Sometimes I feel sad': A qualitative study on children's perceptions with cleft palate speech and language therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2023; 58:1526-1538. [PMID: 37072901 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based speech therapy involves the integration of (1) the scientific evidence for therapy with (2) the perspectives of clinicians concerning therapy and (3) the perspectives of patients about therapy. The cleft literature has already paid attention to the first two cornerstones of evidence-based speech therapy. Much less is known about how children perceive cleft speech therapy. AIMS The purpose of the current qualitative study was to investigate the perceptions, emotions and expectations of Flemish-speaking Dutch children with a cleft (lip and) palate (CP ± L), aged 5-12 years, with regard to the speech therapy they receive. In this study, a focus was made on speech therapy to eliminate compensatory cleft speech errors. METHODS & PROCEDURES Six children with a CP ± L, aged between 5 and 12 years, were included in this study. Child-friendly semi-structured interviews were conducted using a participatory, art-based qualitative approach. This means that the 'play and puppets technique' and 'draw-write and photo-elicitation technique' were used to guide the children through the interviews. Data derived from these interviews were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Trustworthiness of the data was achieved by applying researcher triangulation, negative case analysis and an audit trail. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Analyses of the interviews revealed three major themes of importance to the children: (1) treatment values, (2) treatment practices and (3) treatment outcomes. Each theme was divided into different subthemes. The theme 'treatment values' consisted of the subthemes expectations and emotions around therapy and interference with daily living. Information flow, therapy content, confirmation and rewards, parents' attendance, therapy intensity, and homework were subthemes of the major theme 'treatment practices'. The theme 'treatment outcomes' was divided into two subthemes, namely speech improvement and peers' reactions. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Most children had positive attitudes towards speech therapy: it was 'something they liked' and 'something fun'. If children had negative attitudes they were related to having a fear of making mistakes during therapy. Children had clear expectations of the purpose of speech therapy. Speech therapy should 'help' improve their speech and make it more understandable to others. The children in this sample made some suggestions to decrease the experienced burden related to speech therapy. The results of this study will help to better tailor speech therapy programmes to the needs and experiences of children with a CP ± L. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on the subject Evidence-based speech therapy involves the integration of (1) the scientific evidence for therapy with (2) the perspectives of clinicians concerning therapy and (3) the perspectives of patients and their families about therapy. The cleft literature has already paid attention to the first two cornerstones of evidence-based speech therapy. Different studies investigated the perspectives of SLPs and parents with regard to cleft palate speech therapy. However, much less is known about the children's own experiences with and perceptions around this speech therapy. What this study adds to existing knowledge This study used a qualitative research design to investigate the perceptions, emotions and expectations of children with a cleft (lip and) palate, aged 5-12 years, with regard to the speech therapy they receive. Speech therapy needed to focus on the elimination of compensatory speech errors. This study provides knowledge on the speech therapy-related experiences of children with a cleft palate. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Children in this sample made some concrete suggestions to decrease the experienced burden related to cleft speech therapy, for example, integration of school work during therapy sessions and practising on the level of spontaneous speech. The results of this study help us to better tailor speech therapy programmes to the needs and experiences of children with a CP ± L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Alighieri
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre of Speech and Language Sciences Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kim Bettens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre of Speech and Language Sciences Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Verbeke
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre of Speech and Language Sciences Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kristiane Van Lierde
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Centre of Speech and Language Sciences Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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14
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Rosenthal JL, Albano AD, Tancredi DJ, Perez SL, Young HM, Romano PS. Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Caregiver Survey to Assess Family-Centered Care in the Emergency Department. Acad Pediatr 2023; 23:931-938. [PMID: 36283624 PMCID: PMC10122697 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a family caregiver-reported survey that assesses family-centeredness of care in the context of pediatric emergency department (ED) encounters. METHODS We created a caregiver-reported scale, incorporated content expert feedback, and iteratively revised it based on cognitive interviews with caregivers. We then field tested the scale in a survey with caregivers. We dichotomized items using top-box scoring and obtained a summary score per respondent. Using a sample of 191 caregivers recruited from 9 EDs, we analyzed internal consistency reliability, dimensionality via item response theory modeling, and convergent validity with the ED Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey. RESULTS Feedback from the 9 experts led us to remove 4 items. We conducted 16 cognitive interviews and revised the survey in 4 rounds. An 11-item survey was field tested. Mean (standard deviation) respondent 11-item summary score was 77.2 (26.6). We removed 2 items given inconsistent response patterns, poor variability, and poor internal consistency, which increased coefficient alpha from 0.85 to 0.88 for the final scale. A multidimensional model fit the data best, but factor scores correlated strongly with summary scores, suggesting the latter are sufficient for quality improvement and future research. Regarding convergent validity, adjusted partial correlation between our scale's 9-item summary score and the ED CAHPS summary score was 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.67-0.81). CONCLUSIONS Psychometric analyses demonstrated strong item performance, reliability, and convergent validity for the 9-item scale. This survey can be used to assess family-centered care in the ED for research and quality improvement purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Rosenthal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis (JL Rosenthal, DJ Tancredi, and PS Romano), Sacramento, Calif.
| | | | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis (JL Rosenthal, DJ Tancredi, and PS Romano), Sacramento, Calif
| | - Susan L Perez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, California State University (SL Perez), Sacramento, Calif
| | - Heather M Young
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California Davis (HM Young), Sacramento, Calif
| | - Patrick S Romano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis (JL Rosenthal, DJ Tancredi, and PS Romano), Sacramento, Calif; Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California Davis (PS Romano), Sacramento, Calif
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15
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Scott S, McGowan V, Bradley A, Visram S. 'How I'm feeling today, I probably won't be feeling tomorrow'. Using I-Poems to explore young people's changing emotions during the Covid-19 pandemic - A qualitative, longitudinal study. SSM. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH 2023; 3:100239. [PMID: 36817939 PMCID: PMC9927801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Relatively little published qualitative research has explored children and young people's (CYP) prolonged or longitudinal experiences of the pandemic, and their emotional responses to such unreserved change to everyday life. As part of a broader, qualitative longitudinal study, this paper explores change and continuity in young people's emotions over time during the Covid-19 pandemic in North East England. Methods I-Poems were curated for each of the 26 young people in this study from serial interview transcripts and diary entries, collected over the course of 16 months. Creation of I-Poems require researchers to focus on sentences made by the interviewee that include the word "I," and without changing the order of those sentences, to present them in poetic stanzas. Findings Young people's voices and experiences became more poignant and powerful when their 'I' narrative was centralised, silencing the presence of the researcher. Further, presenting the data in this way allowed us to see how the following emotions shifted over time: grief, sadness, frustration, anger, anxiety, joy, pleasure, excitement. We contend that young people experienced significant rupture and change over the course of our 16 month project, with both positive and negative repercussions for their emotional wellbeing. Conclusions Large scale (quantitative and qualitative) studies remain much needed to focus on the long-term impacts of the pandemic on young people's social, emotional and cultural lives. Longitudinal and creative qualitative approaches (such as I-Poems) have the potential to centralise participant voice, break down power dynamics, and allow exploration of shifting experiences and emotions over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scott
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Building, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - V McGowan
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Building, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - A Bradley
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Building, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - S Visram
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Sir James Spence Building, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
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16
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Kim JS. Children's experiences of intravenous injection using the draw, write, and tell method: A mixed-methods study. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 71:14-22. [PMID: 36958135 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES This study aimed to explore children's perceptions and experiences of receiving intravenous (IV) injections and the self-reported pain scores and management strategies that can support children while receiving IV injections. DESIGN AND METHODS This mixed-methods study included 17 children aged 4-11 years who presented to the outpatient clinic of a pediatric hospital and received IV injections. Data were collected using the draw, write, and tell method (DWT) and Facial Pain Rating Scale. Descriptive statistics and content analyses were performed. RESULTS The children's self-reported mean pain score was 4.82, indicating moderate pain. Many expressions indicated that IV injections were painful or caused tingling or stinging sensations. A vague fear of needles in addition to pain was identified after listening to the children and analyzing their own interpretation of drawings. Three main themes were identified: (1) physical and emotional experiences, (2) parents as my secure base, and (3) comfort and relief strategies. CONCLUSIONS Children expressed their experiences during IV injections, the alleviation of their pain and fear, and their suggestions for comfort and relief strategies visually, auditorily, and verbally. Parents played an important role in supporting their children and reducing pain, anxiety, and distress related to the IV procedure. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The DWT, as an arts-based and child-centered approach, is a useful and valid method to understand children's experience related to the IV injection. Children experience comfort and relief within a family-centered care context during IV injection. Nurses should promote children's and parents' participation in the development of strategies to reduce the negative effects of IV injections in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chosun University, South Korea.
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17
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Franchino-Olsen H, Christofides N, Woollett N, Fouche A, Silima M, Thurston C, Monaisa K, Meinck F. Conducting Violence Research Across Multiple Family Generations and with Young Children: Findings from a Mixed-Methods Pilot Study in South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON CHILD MALTREATMENT : RESEARCH, POLICY AND PRACTICE 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37360288 PMCID: PMC9988603 DOI: 10.1007/s42448-023-00157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents findings from a pilot study focused on examining intergenerational violence in a three-generation sample, which included young children, in a rural area of South Africa. The aims of the pilot study were to investigate the feasibility of participant recruitment, consent, and interviewing; length and burden of the study questionnaires; appropriateness and acceptability of the measures used; and young children's (age 4-7) ability to comprehend the measures and participate meaningfully in interviews asking about violence. Data were collected for 4 months with three groups of participants, often within families (young adults, their children, and the young adults' former caregivers), using cognitive interviews, quantitative questionnaires, and qualitative in-depth interviews. All groups participated in arts-based methods and child interviews included visual and tactile aids. Pilot study findings demonstrated feasible recruitment within families for a three-generation study using comprehensive consent protocols and mandatory reporting information. Adults and young children were able to participate in the extensive interviews (2-3 h and 1 h, respectively) without significant burden. The employed measures were appropriate and acceptable to the setting, though minor revisions were made to improve comprehension of certain items. Young children were able to engage and participate meaningfully in the research, though they were not able to answer abstract reasoning items in cognitive interviews and children who were less developmentally advanced required more play- and arts-based accommodations to support their participation. Future research around sensitive topics, such as violence, appears feasible within families and including young children as participants even in resource-poor settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42448-023-00157-w.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Christofides
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nataly Woollett
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Visual Arts, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ansie Fouche
- School of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
- Department of Social Wellbeing, United Arab Emirates University, A1 Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mpho Silima
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Christina Thurston
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kopano Monaisa
- School of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Franziska Meinck
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Health Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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18
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Mårtensson U, Nilsson S, Nolbris MJ, Wijk H, Mellgren K. Pain and discomfort in children with gastrostomy tubes - In the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 70:79-89. [PMID: 36848740 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children with malignant and severe non-malignant disorders undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), treatment related pain and discomfort are common. Food consumption may become troublesome, making the use of a gastrostomy tube (G-tube) necessary and resulting in complications, why the purpose was to explore pain and discomfort during the transplantation and post-transplantation time. METHODS This was a mixed methods study where data were collected along the child's total health-care process between 2018 and 2021. Questions with fixed answer options were used, simultaneously, semi-structured interviews were performed. In total, sixteen families participated. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to describe analysed data. FINDINGS Intense pain was common during the post-surgery phase, especially in conjunction with G-tube care, which is why the children needed support to manage the situation. After the post-surgery phase when the skin has healed, most of the children experienced minor to no pain or bodily discomfort, why the G-tube became a well-functioning and supportive tool in daily life. CONCLUSIONS This study describes variations in and experiences of pain and bodily discomfort in conjunction with G-tube insertion in a unique sample of children who had undergone HSCT. In conclusion, the children's comfort in daily life after the post-surgery phase seemed to be only marginally affected by G-tube insertion. Children with severe non-malignant disorders seemed to experience a higher frequency and intensity of pain and bodily discomfort due to the G-tube than children with malignant disorders. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The paediatric care team need competence in assessing G-tube related pain and awareness that experiences may differ depending on the child's disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Mårtensson
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE- 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Nilsson
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE- 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Margaretha Jenholt Nolbris
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE- 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Helle Wijk
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE- 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers Technology University, Centre for Health Care Architecture, SE- 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Karin Mellgren
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE- 416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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19
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Saigh FI, Saigh ZI. Mothers' Involvement in Pediatric Postoperative Pain Care in a Tertiary Healthcare Setting in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e34967. [PMID: 36938286 PMCID: PMC10019376 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many children feel moderate to intense pain in the hospital following surgery. Untreated pain can have deleterious physical and psychological effects. Mothers' involvement in child pain care and management postoperatively has been shown to be important in improving the outcomes and experiences of children, mothers, and health professionals. Aims To explore mothers' involvement in postoperative pain care and management of their children during hospitalization and following discharge and identify approaches to improve management and participation activities. Methods We used a qualitative single case study design with thematic analysis. The analysis included 20 mother-child dyads and 21 nurses, involving observation of participants and semi-structured interviews of mothers and nurses. The analysis also incorporated a review of documents from the pediatric surgical department (hospital policies and forms). Findings The following main themes and sub-themes were generated from the data: (i) provision of pain information (expected type, frequency, and duration of pain after surgery, pain intensity score, pain relief medication, and pain management methods), (ii) communication deficiency (language barrier and breakdown in communication between health professionals), (iii) emotional and physical support (family support, environmental comfort, and sleep and meal requirements), (iv) social and cultural influences (patriarchal society, cultural and religious beliefs, and work status), and (v) hospital facilities, provisions, and services (entertainment, follow-up programs, education courses on pain management for nurses, and materials and services). Conclusions The study examined mothers' participation in postoperative pain care and management in a cohort of children admitted to a tertiary care setting in Saudi Arabia, highlighting key factors that influence involvement and suggesting approaches for improving participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah I Saigh
- Oncology and Palliative Care, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Zainab I Saigh
- Clinical Psychology, Mental Health Hospital in Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
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20
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Davies C, Waters D, Fraser JA. Implementing Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in health care: a scoping review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTHCARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijhrh-07-2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a scoping review on the implementation of Article12 in health care. The scoping review will provide a summary and overview of the key concepts and published literature on this topic internationally. Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) states that children have a right to express their views, to have them heard and for their views to be given due weight in all matters that affect them. Despite increased calls for Article 12 to be given attention in health care, there is little evidence to suggest this has been well implemented and embedded in Australian health-care delivery. The scoping review was undertaken to provide a summary and overview of the key concepts and published literature on this topic internationally.
Design/methodology/approach
A five-step methodological framework described by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) was used to undertake the scoping review. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis was used as a guideline for undertaking the study selection.
Findings
Children are still not routinely involved in health-care decision-making, are frequently left out of service planning and evaluation and the perception that they lack the capability to make rational decisions persists.
Originality/value
While there has been a focus on research that investigates children’s participation in health-care decision-making in recent years, there is little that directs attention specifically to the implementation of Article 12, particularly in Australian health care. Recommendations are made for further research in these areas.
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21
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Xie QW, Zhang Y, Dai X, Yang W, Chan CLW. A qualitative synthesis of drawing-based research on the illness-related experiences of children living with physical health problems. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e3843-e3870. [PMID: 36264153 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The strengths of drawing-based approaches for encouraging children's participation in health research and facilitating communication with them have been increasingly acknowledged in the medical literature. However, there is a lack of methodological discussion on drawing-based approaches suitable for researching children living with physical health problems. The present study systematically reviewed qualitative research using drawing-based approaches on the experiences of children living with physical health problems and summarised how the approaches were used as well. We identified 54 studies from five databases. The characteristics of qualitative methods and drawing-based approaches were analysed. To obtain an overall understanding of the illness-related experiences of these children, qualitative data generated from the included studies were synthesised using the thematic synthesis approach. This systematic review highlights the appropriateness and accuracy of the use of drawings-based approaches in health research with children on their illness-related experiences, fostering inclusive participation and engagement of young generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Wen Xie
- Department of Social Welfare and Risk Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Social Welfare and Governance, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute for Common Prosperity and Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaolu Dai
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Wenya Yang
- Department of Social Welfare and Risk Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cecilia L W Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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22
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Sudarsan I, Hoare K, Sheridan N, Roberts J. Giving voice to children in research: The power of child-centered constructivist grounded theory methodology. Res Nurs Health 2022; 45:488-497. [PMID: 35478178 PMCID: PMC9546408 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in giving voice to children in response to the introduction of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and evolving sociological discourses on childhood. Using child-sensitive methodologies such as constructivist grounded theory (CGT) enables children's voices to contribute authentic, meaningful, and eventually more actionable data, capable of informing policies and practices in children's best interests. In this article, we discuss how researchers using CGT can privilege children's voices through effective knowledge coconstruction by creating a child-sensitive research space and using methods that are appropriate to their abilities and interests. We draw on selected data from the first author's (I. S.) PhD project that explores Indian immigrant children's and their family carers' beliefs, practices, and experiences of asthma in New Zealand. We encourage researchers to consider CGT as one of the appropriate methodological choices to explicitly promote the voice of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Sudarsan
- School of Nursing, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.,Elderslea Rest Home, Oceania Healthcare, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Karen Hoare
- School of Nursing, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.,Child and Youth, Greenstone Family Clinic, Auckland, New Zealand.,College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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23
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Vusio F, Thompson A, Birchwood M. A novel application of the Lego® Serious Play® methodology in mental health research: Understanding service users' experiences of the 0-19 mental health model in the United Kingdom. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:845-853. [PMID: 34431622 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The 0-19 model is an example of a service that has been retransformed in line with UK's recent policies. However, there is limited qualitative research exploring young people's experiences with the accessibility and acceptability of retransformed models through more participatory qualitative approaches. This study aimed to understand service users' experiences of accessibility and acceptability with the 0-19 model and its service provision. In addition, we also aim to outline the process and application of the Lego® Serious Play® methodology to the context of children and young people's mental health research and reflect on the usefulness of this novel approach and its potential for further research use. METHODS A qualitative methodology based on the Lego® Serious Play® approach was used to investigate service users' perceptions of the accessibility and acceptability of the 0-19 model. This novel approach is viewed as a facilitator of engagement, which also stimulates critical thinking and reflective practice. All interviews were thematically analysed. RESULTS Seven participants constructed 14 models and provided metaphorical narratives for them besides engaging in group discussions. Thematic analysis of the participants' models and narratives resulted in six identified themes: accessibility, doors into the unknown, let it out, overcoming obstacles, less is sometimes better and satisfaction with the 0-19 model and its provision. CONCLUSION Participants in this study perceived the 0-19 model as acceptable and, to a degree, accessible. Participants identified a range of barriers to accessibility, such as inconvenient locations, long waiting and inflexible working times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frane Vusio
- Warwick Medical School, Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Warwick Medical School, Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Max Birchwood
- Warwick Medical School, Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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24
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Cleary B, Carnevale FA, Tsimicalis A. Poetics of brittle bone disease: using found poetry to explore childhood bioethics. JOURNAL OF POETRY THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08893675.2022.2043120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Argerie Tsimicalis
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Shriners Hospitals for Children®-Canada, Montreal, Canada
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25
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Duea SR, Zimmerman EB, Vaughn LM, Dias S, Harris J. A Guide to Selecting Participatory Research Methods Based on Project and Partnership Goals. JOURNAL OF PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH METHODS 2022; 3:10.35844/001c.32605. [PMID: 35799626 PMCID: PMC9258244 DOI: 10.35844/001c.32605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Participatory research engages community stakeholders in the research process, from problem identification and developing the research question, to dissemination of results. There is increasing recognition in the field of health research that community-engaged methods can be used throughout the research process. The volume of guidance for engaging communities and conducting participatory research has grown steadily in the past 40+ years, in many countries and contexts. Further, some institutions now require stakeholder engagement in research as a condition of funding. Interest in collaborating in the research process is also growing among patients and the public. This article provides an overview for selecting participatory research methods based on project and partnerships goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily B. Zimmerman
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, VCU Center on Society and Health, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Lisa M. Vaughn
- College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center/University of Cincinnati
| | - Sónia Dias
- Public Health Research Center, NOVA National School of Public Health
| | - Janet Harris
- School of Health & Related Research, University of Sheffield
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26
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Klyve GP, Rolvsjord R. Moments of fun: Narratives of children’s experiences of music therapy in mental health care. NORDIC JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08098131.2022.2055114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guro Parr Klyve
- The Grieg Academy – Department of Music, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Rolvsjord
- The Grieg Academy – Department of Music, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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27
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McCormack J, McLeod S, Harrison LJ, Holliday EL. Drawing Talking: Listening to Children With Speech Sound Disorders. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2022; 53:713-731. [PMID: 35302869 DOI: 10.1044/2021_lshss-21-00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Listening to children using age-appropriate techniques supports evidence-based clinical decision-making. In this article, we test the Sound Effects Study Drawing Protocol, an arts-based technique, to support children with speech sound disorder (SSD) to express their views about talking. METHOD Participants were 124 Australian children aged 4-5 years in the Sound Effects Study. Their parents and teachers were concerned about their talking, and they were assessed as having SSD on the Diagnostic Evaluation of Articulation and Phonology. Drawings and children's interpretations were elicited then analyzed using the (a) Who Am I? Draw-a-Person Scale and (b) Sound Effects Study Focal Points. RESULTS Drawings were developmentally typical for 4- to 5-year-olds. The six Sound Effects Study Focal Points were identified across the 124 drawings: body parts and facial expressions, talking and listening, relationships and connection, positivity, negativity, and no talking. Participants portrayed talking and listening as an action requiring mouths and ears represented by symbols (letters, speech bubbles) or as an activity with a variety of people. Children typically portrayed themselves as happy when talking; however, some portrayed negativity and some chose not to draw talking. CONCLUSIONS In keeping with Articles 12 and 13 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, this research demonstrated that 4- to 5-year-old children with SSD can express their views about talking via drawing. Professionals may use the Sound Effects Study Drawing Protocol as a child-friendly technique to support children to express views to guide holistic, evidence-based, child-centered speech-language pathology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane McCormack
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharynne McLeod
- Faculty of Education, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda J Harrison
- Faculty of Education, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erin L Holliday
- Faculty of Education, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Rydström LL, Ångström-Brännström C, Blake L, Brayl L, Carter B, Forsner M, Matsson J, Nilsson S, Jenholt Nolbris M, Kirton J, Kull I, Protheroe J, Rullander AC, Saron H, Lindholm Olinder A. How children in Sweden accessed and perceived information during the first phase of the Covid-19 pandemic. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:144-151. [PMID: 34736348 PMCID: PMC8807992 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211051884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe how children in Sweden accessed and perceived information about SARS-CoV2 and Covid-19 during the first phase of the outbreak. METHODS This study is a substudy of an international cross-sectional online mixed methods survey examining elements of children's health literacy in relation to Covid-19. The survey included multiple-choice questions, open-ended questions and drawings and collected information from 50 Swedish children (7-12 years). Data were analysed concurrently on a descriptive level using statistics and content analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data, including the drawings, were considered equally important and resulted in six categories, illuminating how children accessed and perceived information about the pandemic. RESULTS The survey showed that children accessed information mainly from school but also from TV. They preferred information from reliable sources. Children reported the information they accessed as easy to understand and it prompted them to ask new questions. They reported they knew a lot about the pandemic, for example, the potential danger to themselves and others and how to act to protect themselves and others. They perceived the pandemic as an intrusion on their lives. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that Swedish children between 7 and 12 years old were well informed about SARS-CoV2 and Covid-19 during the first phase of the pandemic. School was shown to be an important source of information. The children could explain how to act to protect themselves and others from becoming infected by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise-Lott Rydström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ångström-Brännström
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Lucy Blake
- Department of Social Science, University of the West of England (UWE)
| | - Lucy Brayl
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Bernie Carter
- Department of Social Science, University of the West of England (UWE)
| | - Maria Forsner
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Janet Matsson
- The Swedish Red Cross University College, Department of Health Sciense, Sweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Stefan Nilsson
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-centred Care', University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Akademi, Health and Care Sciences and The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Jenholt Nolbris
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-centred Care', University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Akademi, Health and Care Sciences and The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Kirton
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Inger Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
| | | | | | - Holly Saron
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Anna Lindholm Olinder
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
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Fleetwood-Smith R. Rethinking creative research methods in response to COVID-19: Creating a remote research kit. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ARTS & HEALTH 2021; 12:271-288. [PMID: 38463216 PMCID: PMC7615719 DOI: 10.1386/jaah_00078_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The 'Sensing Spaces of Healthcare: Rethinking the NHS Hospital' project involves working with National Health Service (NHS) staff, patients and visitors to explore their experiences of hospital environments. Over the course of the project, creative approaches centred on art-based and design-led practices are employed to research people's experiences. Such approaches often involve working closely with participants during sessions. As COVID-19 infection control measures have affected in-person research, it has been necessary to develop and adopt alternative low-contact approaches. This article presents the development of a remote creative research kit designed to be used without a researcher/practitioner present. The kit has been developed through work with creative practitioners, hospital arts organizations, patient and public contributors and learning from public engagement events. The remote creative research kit has led to rethinking and reimagining the ways in which such approaches may be of benefit more broadly in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Fleetwood-Smith
- Department of History, School of Humanities, University of Bristol, 11 Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1TB, UK
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McKnight KL. Research pedagogy in a UK radiography education setting. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 28:80-87. [PMID: 34456135 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper focuses on research pedagogy in radiography and the importance of research for the profession by exploring one university's endeavours to realise the aims of The Society and College of Radiographers Research Strategy 2016-20211 around embedding research in the curriculum. METHODS Co-Constructed Depiction method was developed as an innovative use of imagery in data collection, analysis, and presentation of results, being symbolic of the practices of the radiography profession by foregrounding the importance of images and their interpretation. A total of eighteen radiography staff, post-graduate radiography students, and 3rd year radiography undergraduate students from both Diagnostic and Therapeutic professional backgrounds and courses took part in individual semi-structured interviews that included participant image making. RESULTS Students and educators saw the importance of research for individuals and the profession. While students could identify where research was embedded in the curriculum, generally staff did not feel embedding was done well, but this may be because research is not made explicit enough in the curriculum. Participants suggested that research needs to become 'normalised'; being a part of all radiographers' work. CONCLUSION The links between research, professionalism, and care can be made more evident to students from the start of their studies so increasing understanding of their own relationship with the spectrum of research, and how this links to maintaining the standing of our profession and to patient care. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings will inform future research pedagogy and undergraduate curriculum development in radiography and other Allied Health Professions around embedding research in the curriculum in a way that educators and students recognise.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L McKnight
- Department of Radiography, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Westbourne Rd, Birmingham, B15 3TN, UK.
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31
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Pavarini G, Smith LM, Shaughnessy N, Mankee-Williams A, Thirumalai JK, Russell N, Bhui K. Ethical issues in participatory arts methods for young people with adverse childhood experiences. Health Expect 2021; 24:1557-1569. [PMID: 34318573 PMCID: PMC8483199 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Participatory arts‐based methods such as photovoice, drama and music have increasingly been used to engage young people who are exposed to psychosocial risks. These methods have the potential to empower youth and provide them with an accessible and welcoming environment to express and manage difficult feelings and experiences. These effects are, however, dependent on the way these methods are implemented and how potential ethical concerns are handled. Objective Using the current literature on arts‐based health research as a foundation, this paper examines ethical issues emerging from participatory arts methods with young people with traumatic experiences. Results We present a typology covering relevant issues such as power, accessibility, communication, trust and ownership, across the domains of partnership working, project entry, participation and dissemination. Drawing on our extensive clinical and research experiences, existing research and novel in‐practice examples, we offer guidance for ethical dilemmas that might arise at different phases of research. Conclusion Adequate anticipation and consideration of ethical issues, together with the involvement of young people, will help ensure that arts methods are implemented in research and practice with young people in a fair, meaningful and empowering way. Patient or Public Contribution The issues reviewed are largely based on the authors' experience conducting participatory research. Each of the projects referenced has its own systems for PPI including, variously, consultations with advisory groups, coproduction, youth ambassadors and mentor schemes. One of the coauthors, Josita Kavitha Thirumalai, is a young person trained in peer support and has provided extensive input across all stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pavarini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities, Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lindsay M Smith
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Kamaldeep Bhui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,World Psychiatric Association UK Collaborating Centre, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Understanding Personality (CUSP), East London NHS Foundation, London, UK
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Linder LA, Ameringer S, Stegenga K, Macpherson CF, Erickson J. A Person-Centered Approach to Symptom Assessment and Management for Children and Adolescents Receiving Cancer Treatment. Semin Oncol Nurs 2021; 37:151164. [PMID: 34134924 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2021.151164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Discuss the clinical assessment and management of symptoms for children and adolescents receiving treatment for cancer with attention to a person-centered approach to care. DATA SOURCES Review of currently published literature and guidelines pertaining to symptom assessment and management for children and adolescents receiving treatment for cancer. CONCLUSION Symptoms such as pain, nausea, and fatigue are commonly reported by children and adolescents receiving cancer treatment and are associated with greater symptom burden. Symptom assessment should be tailored to the child or adolescent and include the child's or adolescent's preference for reporting symptoms and attention to the symptoms that are of greatest priority. Evidence-based guidelines for the management of symptoms, including pain and nausea, are available to guide symptom management interventions and should be tailored to provide person-centered care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses can lead efforts through clinical practice and research initiatives to advance person-centered symptom care for children and adolescents with cancer on a global level. Priorities for future work to advance person-centered symptom assessment and management include (1) identification of best practices for symptom assessment, (2) attention to social determinants of health and their subsequent influence on symptom outcomes, (3) compilation of evidence for management of less commonly reported symptoms, and (4) implementation of published clinical guidelines for symptom management in practice settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri A Linder
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT.
| | | | | | | | - Jeanne Erickson
- Milwaukee College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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The Childhood Cancer Centre Is Coming Home: Experiences of Hospital-Based Home Care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126241. [PMID: 34207704 PMCID: PMC8296051 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Today, there is a shift towards care being given closer to the patient, with more children receiving care in their homes. Care at home has proven to be a viable alternative to hospital care, as shown by a project for hospital-based home care conducted in West Sweden. The aim of this study was to describe how children with cancer and parents experienced receiving care at home. After purposive sampling, six children with cancer aged 6–16 and eight parents participated. Semistructured interviews were performed, and the data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Four main categories emerged: save time and energy in the family; maintain everyday life; feel trust in the healthcare professionals; mixed feelings about getting treatment at home. This hospital-based home care project created good conditions for both children with cancer and their parents to feel secure. In addition, home care can be very child-centric, whereby the caregivers involve the children by taking their thoughts and utterances into account.
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Thunberg G, Johnson E, Bornman J, Öhlén J, Nilsson S. Being heard - Supporting person-centred communication in paediatric care using augmentative and alternative communication as universal design: A position paper. Nurs Inq 2021; 29:e12426. [PMID: 34076320 DOI: 10.1111/nin.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Person-centred care, with its central focus on the patient in partnership with healthcare practitioners, is considered to be the contemporary gold standard of care. This type of care implies effective communication from and by both the patient and the healthcare practitioner. This is often problematic in the case of the paediatric population, because of the many communicative challenges that may arise due to the child's developmental level, illness and distress, linguistic competency and disabilities. The principle of universal design put forth in conventions and legislation means that the design of products and services should be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible. Augmentative and alternative communication encompasses strategies, for example pictures and apps, that are typically used with people with communication disability. In this position paper, we argue for the universal use of augmentative and alternative communication to support person-centred communication and care for children, regardless of age or potential disability. Clinical examples are shared from three different paediatric care settings where pictorial supports were applied universally. Interviews were conducted with children and adolescents (with and without disabilities), parents and healthcare practitioners, and the principles of universal design were used as a framework to demonstrate how person-centred communication is supported in paediatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Thunberg
- Dart Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Assistive Technology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Speech and Language Pathology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Centre for Person-centred Care, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ensa Johnson
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juan Bornman
- Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Joakim Öhlén
- Gothenburg Centre for Person-centred Care, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Region Västra Götaland, Palliative Centre, Sahlgrenska University Hospital Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Nilsson
- Gothenburg Centre for Person-centred Care, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Stoyanov SR, Zelenko O, Staneva A, Kavanagh DJ, Smith C, Sade G, Cheers J, Hides L. Development of the Niggle App for Supporting Young People on Their Dynamic Journey to Well-being: Co-design and Qualitative Research Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e21085. [PMID: 33877050 PMCID: PMC8097523 DOI: 10.2196/21085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a life stage characterized by intense development and increased vulnerability. Yet, young people rarely seek help for mental health, often due to stigma and embarrassment. Alarmingly, even those who do seek help may not be able to receive it. Interventions focused on well-being offer a protective factor against adversity. Highly effective, innovative, theoretically sound, accessible, and engaging mobile health (mHealth) interventions that can be used to look beyond mental ill-health and toward mental well-being are urgently needed. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore how young Australians conceptualize and construct recovery journeys from feeling unwell to being well in order to inform the conceptual design of a youth-led information-, resource-, and support-focused mHealth intervention. METHODS A sample of young people, grouped by age (12-15 years, 16-19 years, and 20-25 years), took part in 3 in-person participatory design workshops (per group). Young people's understanding and representation of well-being, feeling unwell, and the recovery journey were investigated using visual and linguistic data collection methods: photo elicitation and journey mapping. A social constructionist perspective was used for thematic analysis to produce a conceptual model of the recovery journey. A mobile app was co-designed and all app functions were mapped through iterative development and testing by young people and a team of psychology, research, design and information technology experts. RESULTS Young people (n=25) described a 6-stage journey with specific barriers and coping strategies. The findings, when situated within the personal recovery framework in mental health, emphasize the cyclic and iterative model of change. Through co-design, the new app-Niggle-was conceptualized as a visual representation of an amorphous problem, which can be addressed through app functions corresponding to the most helpful strategies that young people used to progress through the stages of their recovery journey. CONCLUSIONS Niggle is available to offer support to young people for a range of problems and provides a hot link to counseling services in Australia. This paper elaborates on the process of in-depth qualitative data collection through visual, linguistic, and co-design methods. The findings of this study give insight into young people's understanding of well-being and recovery. This paper could aid the development of high-quality personalized mHealth interventions and support resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan R Stoyanov
- QUT Design Lab, Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Division of Advocacy and Research, yourtown, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Oksana Zelenko
- QUT Design Lab, Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Staneva
- QUT Design Lab, Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,HORÓ Counseling Centre for Women, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David J Kavanagh
- Centre for Children's Health Research, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Calvin Smith
- Office of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gavin Sade
- Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jessica Cheers
- QUT Design Lab, Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
Objective The purpose of this qualitative pilot study was to evaluate drawing, narration, color use, and meaning through discussion to increase insight surrounding youth's lived experience with type 1 diabetes. Methods This qualitative study reflects a convenience sample of 20 (female = 12, male = 8) youth aged 8 to 15 years with an established diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. During a nonclinic session, 3 drawings-self-portrait, face of diabetes, and future self-portrait-were created. Interviews were completed with an art therapist or clinic nurse practitioner using a standardized script. Results All "face" of diabetes drawings depicted images separate from self. The most frequent color noted was gray, due to pencil use. No significant difference in disclosures or dialogue were observed between interviews conducted by the art therapist or nurse practitioner. Emerging themes noted: diabetes is unpredictable and stigmatizing, causes fears, and impacts daily life, yet discussions evidenced overall coping and resilience. Conclusions Drawing during clinic visits enhances communication and understanding of youth's lived experience. Findings offer clinical benefit when managing care and support for chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari K Liesch
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin-Fox Valley, Neenah, WI, USA
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Clarke S. Using Technology to Seek the Vulnerable and Marginalized Child's Voice in Hospital: Co-working with a 'Child Research Advisory Group' (CRAG). Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2020:1-10. [PMID: 33104392 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2020.1832626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper illustrates the development, value and outcome of co-working with a 'child research advisory group' (CRAG) within healthcare research. The UK qualitative study completed as part of a Doctorate in Education (EdD) primarily explored the child's experience of hospital in Northern Ireland from the perspective of the child (and children's nurse). Essentially the role of the CRAG was to co-develop simple research questions and a data collection tool which was child centered, rather than adult centered - the research tool would be used with the main study child participants aged six to 12 years old in 2017. Five primary school children, with experience of hospital from year six and seven agreed to act as a CRAG in 2016. The outcome being an innovative data collection tool which is an App featuring the choice of two talking cartoon characters who asked the co-designed research questions via an iPad. The characters are Sprinkle Cupcake and Ronaldo Football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Van Der Riet P, Jitsacorn C, Thursby P. Approaches to visual arts-based data collection with hospitalized children: A discussion of lessons learnt and suggestions for practice. J Adv Nurs 2020; 77:492-498. [PMID: 33089543 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To discuss the experience in using a visual arts-based method of draw and talk with hospitalized children, lessons learnt and strategies for practice. DESIGN Discussion paper. DATA SOURCES Data were drawn from two sources: first, the databases Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS were searched for approaches to visual arts- based data collection with children. Secondly, relevant literature and the experience of our research team using visual arts-based data collection with children informed this paper. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING This paper draws on the literature and our experiences of using a visual arts-based approach when conducting research with hospitalized children and foreshadows practical approaches that can be applied when undertaking such research. CONCLUSION When undertaking research with sick children a high level of reflexivity is essential when planning and implementing a visual arts-based approach. IMPACT The paper discusses a visual arts-based method and the issues that are important considerations to the conduct of research with hospitalized children. We provide suggestions for practice and argue that nurses and healthcare professionals researching with hospitalized children using an arts-based method, practice a high level of reflexivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Van Der Riet
- The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2300, Australia
| | - Chaweewan Jitsacorn
- Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Nakhon Lampang, Ministry of Public Health, 268 Pakham road, Lampang, 5200, Thailand
| | - Peter Thursby
- Education Consultant, 23 Nillo street, Lorn, NSW, 2320, Australia
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Eastham R, Kaley A. "We're Talking About You, Not to You": Methodological Reflections on Public Health Research With Families With Young Children. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2020; 30:1888-1898. [PMID: 32396056 PMCID: PMC7905741 DOI: 10.1177/1049732320917927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we critically reflect upon the experience of public health research involving children and contribute to existing conversations about the methodological and ethical facets of research in this field. Drawing on two phases of a study that sought to explore the lived experiences of families with young children who have had a recent common childhood illness (gastrointestinal infection), we address the research process, from inception of the studies, to fieldwork and the resultant material obtained. We argue that when researching with families about a child-centered experience, it is important to look beyond the individual adult as "participant" and to conceptualize dependents either as, or "like" participants-what we suggest as a "family-centered approach." Theoretically, this strategy best addresses the lived reality of relationality and responsibility of parent/carers for dependent children; while improving the ease and safety of data collection for the researcher and participants alike.
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van der Riet P, Jitsacorn C, Thursby P. Hospitalized children's experience of a Fairy Garden in Northern Thailand. Nurs Open 2020; 7:1081-1092. [PMID: 32587727 PMCID: PMC7308686 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore through draw, observation and talk hospitalized children's experience of a Fairy Garden in Northern Thailand. Design A participatory visual arts method of draw, observations and talk along with Clandinin's narrative inquiry framework of three-dimensional space (sociality, temporality and place). Methods This study was conducted in a paediatric ward in a large tertiary hospital in Northern Thailand over 12 months (July 2017-2018). A purposive sample of 17 hospitalized children aged between 4 and 13 years participated in drawings and face-to-face interviews. The study adhered to the COREQ checklist for qualitative research (see Supplementary File S1). Results The analysis resulted in five interrelated threads: (1) representations of the illness experience; (2) imagination and fantasy; (3) connection to place, family and home; (4) moments of social representations of play; and (5) happiness and enjoyment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela van der Riet
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyFaculty of Health and MedicineThe University of Newcastle (UoN)NewcastleNSWAustralia
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"I Don't Like to Make a Big Thing out of It": A Qualitative Interview-Based Study Exploring Factors Affecting Whether Young People Tell or Do Not Tell Their Friends about Their IBD. Int J Chronic Dis 2020; 2020:1059025. [PMID: 32577420 PMCID: PMC7305549 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1059025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) describes a group of conditions that includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Unlike some chronic conditions, to a greater or lesser extent, IBD is hidden from or invisible to others which enables concealment of the condition, especially when stigma is associated with the condition. Concealment or nondisclosure allows a means of identity management. Disclosure of a chronic condition is not a single event, and it is dependent on many factors. There is little literature that specifically addresses stigma and/or disclosure in relation to children and young people with IBD. An in-depth qualitative study was undertaken, framed by Interpretive Description and using interviews, friendship maps, and photographs within a participatory framework. Public and patient involvement and engagement (PPIE) was undertaken throughout (inception to dissemination) the study. Young people aged 14-25 years with IBD who had participated in the survey phase of the larger study self-selected to participate in interviews that focused broadly on friendship and feelings of social connectedness. Data were analysed using an iterative, interpretive approach. Preliminary themes were developed and these were explored further, and then tentative theoretical connections about friendship were developed. One superordinate theme focused on disclosure. Thirty-one young people (16 males, 15 females, mean age 18.7 years; 24 Crohn's, 7 colitis) participated in the interviews (of these, five created friendship maps and six utilised photographs). Three discrete, but interlinked, themes were generated, revealing young people's experiences of disclosure: to tell or not to tell; controlling the flow: the who, when, what, and how of telling; and reactions and responses to telling: anticipated and actual. Decisions about telling friends about having IBD are challenging for many young people. Having control over disclosure is not always possible, and the potential consequences can feel risky. However, most young people had positive experiences of disclosure and gained support from friends and romantic partners. Most young people downplayed the seriousness of their IBD, revealing some facets of their condition, aiming to sustain their self-identity. Only one young person had been given professional support to disclose. Provision of support and opportunities to discuss whether, when, who, and how to tell friends and what the risks and benefits may be is something that could be woven into an ongoing and wider person-centred dialogue between young people and health professionals within routine clinic visits.
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Developing communication support for interaction with children during acute radiographic procedures. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 26:96-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Water T, Payam S, Tokolahi E, Reay S, Wrapson J. Ethical and practical challenges of conducting art-based research with children/young people in the public space of a children's outpatient department. J Child Health Care 2020; 24:33-45. [PMID: 30376719 DOI: 10.1177/1367493518807318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the ethical and practical challenges of undertaking a study using art-based methods with children/young people. It is argued that an important component of qualitative research and research with children/young people is researcher reflexivity and flexibility, particularly when the anticipated and actual implemented methods of a study differ. We draw on a study with 175 children/young people aged 5-16 years in a children's outpatients department where 'draw-and-tell' and 'letter writing' were used to elicit children/young people's perceptions of the outpatient environment. The challenges that arose during the study are critically reflected on including recruitment, the physical and social environment, time restrictions and interviewing. Recommendations for researchers using art-based methods to carry out research with children/young people are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Water
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Ema Tokolahi
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Reay
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jill Wrapson
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Gonzalez M, Phoenix M, Saxena S, Cardoso R, Canac-Marquis M, Hales L, Putterman C, Shikako-Thomas K. Strategies used to engage hard-to-reach populations in childhood disability research: a scoping review. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 43:2815-2827. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1717649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gonzalez
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michelle Phoenix
- School of Rehabilitation Science and CanChild, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Department of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Roberta Cardoso
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michelle Canac-Marquis
- Centre for Innovative Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hales
- McConnell Resource Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Connie Putterman
- CHILDBRIGHT Knowledge Translation Committee, CHILD-BRIGHT Network, Montréal, Canada
- Canada-Israel Autism Research Initiative, Toronto, Canada
| | - Keiko Shikako-Thomas
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Childhood Disability: Participation and Knowledge Translation, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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Potchebutzky H, Bat Or M, Kourkoutas EE, Smyrnaki M. The Subjective Experience of Children with Disruptive Behavior Problems as Reflected in “Person Picking an Apple from a Tree” Drawings. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2019.1635060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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An Exploration of the Practical and Ethical Issues of Research Using Multi-Visual Methods with Children Affected by Chronic Pain. SOCIETIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/soc9040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper intends to encourage further reflection on the research methods and approaches used to enhance the voices of children with chronic conditions. Visual methods (e.g., ‘draw, write, and tell’ and photo elicitation interviews) have been described as the most appropriate ways to develop research with children as they allow room for children to share their lived experiences in their own terms and to actively participate in the research process, by giving them the opportunity to act as co-researchers. In fact, the use of these methods also contributes to empowering children and mitigating the power differences that exist between the adult researcher and young participants. Drawing on an ongoing study on the experience and management of chronic pain in childhood, this paper provides insights on the usefulness of using these multi-methods to address (potentially) sensitive topics with a (potentially) vulnerable group. The ethical and methodological challenges faced by the researcher when conducting research with ill children in the healthcare context are addressed. The paper looks at the dilemmas of studying chronic pain in childhood and highlights the ways in which multi visual methods can help children in the meaning making of chronic pain.
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Bray L, Horowicz E, Preston K, Carter B. Using participatory drama workshops to explore children's beliefs, understandings and experiences of coming to hospital for clinical procedures. J Child Health Care 2019:1367493519883087. [PMID: 31640399 DOI: 10.1177/1367493519883087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children attending hospital for a clinical procedure such as a scan or blood test can experience anxiety and uncertainty. Children who are informed and supported before and during procedures tend to have a more positive experience. Despite this, there is a lack of empirical evidence directly from children around how they would like to be supported before, during and after a procedure. This qualitative study used improvised drama workshops to investigate children's (n = 15, aged 7-14 years) perceptions and opinions of attending hospital for a procedure and what would help them have a positive encounter. Children portrayed themselves as having a small presence during a hospital procedure, depicted by the two themes of 'having to be brave but feeling scared inside' and 'wanting to get involved but being too afraid to ask'. Within both themes, children described how the directive and reassuring language and actions used by health professionals and parents marginalized their contributions. This study shows that children attending hospital for procedures value the opportunity to have a presence and active role, to express their emotions, join in interactions and be involved in making choices about their care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Bray
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Ed Horowicz
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | | | - Bernie Carter
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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Pope N, Tallon M, Leslie G, Wilson S. Using 'draw, write and tell' to understand children's health-related experiences. Nurse Res 2019; 26:42-45. [PMID: 30203931 DOI: 10.7748/nr.2018.e1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recognising the capability and rights of children to express their experiences, 'draw, write and tell' (DWT) has emerged as a participatory qualitative research method. DWT enables children to communicate their experiences by drawing, writing words and telling the story of their pictures in response to interview questions. AIM To discuss the challenges and benefits of using DWT to explore children's experiences of pain. DISCUSSION Aspects that affect the quality of data in DWT include the materials used and the influences of the primary caregiver. Experience suggests that if trust between the child and researcher has been established, the duration of the interview is unimportant. CONCLUSION While many methods of analysis can be used with data gathered using DWT, it is important to ensure children's perspectives are represented accurately. Furthermore, children's capacity as active participants in research should be reflected. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Future studies could examine the potential of using drawings to share information in adult and paediatric clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pope
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia
| | - Mary Tallon
- Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia
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Boles J, Daniels S. Researching the Experiences of Children with Cancer: Considerations for Practice. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E93. [PMID: 31426332 PMCID: PMC6721372 DOI: 10.3390/children6080093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children and adolescents with cancer often participate in medical and psychosocial research throughout their diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, this involvement frequently extends into the survivorship period. Sometimes referred to as "doubly vulnerable" research participants, children and adolescents with cancer are not only minors, but also minors facing significant medical, developmental, and psychosocial stressors associated with chronic illness. Thus, it is important to exercise care in designing and conducting research with this population; however, these considerations have not been adequately addressed in pediatric healthcare literature. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the research preferences and experiences of children and adolescents with cancer to identify techniques for supporting this population as research participants. By incorporating developmentally appropriate, context-specific, and child-centered adjustments, researchers can help children and adolescents with cancer effectively and meaningfully describe their illness experiences while also developing a positive outlook on future research participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Boles
- Child Life Services, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Sarah Daniels
- Child Life Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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O'Connor JP, Alfrey L, Hall C, Burke G. Intergenerational understandings of personal, social and community assets for health. Health Place 2019; 57:218-227. [PMID: 31108364 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Connecting local citizens of different ages in productive social activity is considered a pathway towards greater health. This research explores how older adults and young people interpret and access assets from their geographical community in relation to their well-being and the extent to which a process of intergenerational bridging contributes to the creation of additional assets for health. Data is presented from a process of place-mapping, interviews, observations and arts-based approaches to: a) understand how personal, social and community assets supported perceived health and wellbeing for the young children and older adults who participated; and b) explore the impact of intergenerational connection on enhancing social capital. The research utilised bonding, bridging and linking forms of social capital, across several interactions amongst 41 individuals who reside in the same geographical community (Victoria, Australia). Assets for health, common across generations and located within the same geographical community were identified. Social connections were strengthened through conversations, reflections and an integration of ideas facilitated through an arts-based approach. Findings suggest that through intergenerational connection and sharing of resources to support health, including the sharing of community assets, progress can be made towards community strengthening with implications for health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Alfrey
- Monash University, McMahons, Frankston, Vic, 3199, Australia.
| | - Clare Hall
- Monash University, McMahons, Frankston, Vic, 3199, Australia.
| | - Geraldine Burke
- Monash University, McMahons, Frankston, Vic, 3199, Australia.
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