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Skiba MB, Badger TA, Pace TWW, Grandner MA, Haynes PL, Segrin C, Fox RS. Patterns of dietary quality, physical activity, and sleep duration among cancer survivors and caregivers. J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s10865-024-00523-0. [PMID: 39356453 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sleep duration are each independently associated with cancer-related and general health outcomes among cancer survivors. Past research suggests that health behaviors cluster among cancer survivors, with caregivers demonstrating similar patterns. This analysis examined co-occurrence of FVI, MVPA, and sleep duration among cancer survivors and informal cancer caregivers and identified sociodemographic and clinical correlates of health behavior engagement. Using data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), an exploratory latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted among those self-reporting a history of cancer or identifying as a cancer caregiver. The LPA model was fit with daily self-reported FVI (cups/d), MPVA (minutes/d) and sleep duration (hours/d). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to predict profile membership based on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Four health behavior profiles were identified (Least Engaged-No MVPA, Least Engaged-Low MVPA, Moderately Engaged, and Highly Engaged). The largest profile membership was Least Engaged-No MVPA, capturing 37% of the sample. Profiles were most distinguished by MVPA, with the lowest variance in sleep duration. Participants reporting higher FVI also often reported greater MVPA and longer sleep duration. Profile membership was significantly associated with age, relationship status, education, income, rurality, alcohol use, self-efficacy, psychological distress, BMI, and cancer type. This study identified four health behaviors patterns and sociodemographic correlates that distinguished those patterns among cancer survivors and caregivers drawn from a nationally representative sample. Results may help identify for whom health behavior interventions could be of greatest benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan B Skiba
- Advanced Nursing Practice and Science Division, University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Terry A Badger
- Advanced Nursing Practice and Science Division, University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Thaddaeus W W Pace
- Advanced Nursing Practice and Science Division, University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael A Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Patricia L Haynes
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Chris Segrin
- Department of Communication, University of Arizona College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rina S Fox
- Advanced Nursing Practice and Science Division, University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
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A Cross-Sectional Investigation of Preadolescent Cardiometabolic Health: Associations with Fitness, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Nutrition, and Sleep. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020336. [PMID: 36832464 PMCID: PMC9955686 DOI: 10.3390/children10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk often begins early in life. Healthy lifestyle behaviors can mitigate risk, but the optimal combination of behaviors has not been determined. This cross-sectional study simultaneously examined the associations between lifestyle factors (fitness, activity behaviors, and dietary patterns) and CMD risk in preadolescent children. METHODS 1480 New Zealand children aged 8-10 years were recruited. Participants included 316 preadolescents (50% female, age: 9.5 ± 1.1 years, BMI: 17.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2). Fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF], muscular fitness), activity behaviors (physical activity, sedentary, sleep), and dietary patterns were measured. Factor analysis was used to derive a CMD risk score from 13 variables (adiposity, peripheral and central hemodynamics, glycemic control, and blood lipids). RESULTS Only CRF (β = -0.45, p < 0.001) and sedentary time (β = 0.12, p = 0.019) were associated with the CMD risk score in the adjusted multivariable analysis. CRF was found to be nonlinear (VO2 max ≤ ≈42 mL/kg/min associated with higher CMD risk score), and thus a CRF polynomial term was added, which was also associated (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) with the CMD risk score. Significant associations were not found with sleep or dietary variables. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that increasing CRF and decreasing sedentary behavior may be important public health targets in preadolescent children.
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Lu Y, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS, Wang Q, Ying S. Associations between dairy consumption, physical activity, and blood pressure in Chinese young women. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1013503. [PMID: 37113293 PMCID: PMC10126246 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1013503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) has been increasing in young adults. A healthy dietary pattern and increasing physical activity (PA) are commonly recommended as lifestyle modifications needed to manage blood pressure (BP). However, little is known about the relationship between dairy intake, PA, and BP in Chinese young women. The aim of this study was to examine whether BP was associated with dairy intake, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity (TPA) in a sample of Chinese young women. Methods A total of 122 women (20.4 ± 1.4) who had complete data sets from the Physical Fitness in Campus (PFIC) study were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Data related to dairy intake and PA was collected using a food frequency questionnaire and an accelerometer. BP was measured following standardized procedures. The association between BP with dairy intake and PA was examined using multivariable linear regression models. Results After controlling for potential covariables, we observed a significant and independent relationship only between systolic BP with dairy intake [standardized beta (b) = -0.275, p < 0.001], MVPA (b = -0.167, p = 0.027), and TPA (b = -0.233, p = 0.002). Furthermore, we found a decrease of 5.82 ± 2.94, 1.13 ± 1.01, and 1.10 ± 0.60 mm Hg in systolic BP for daily additional servings of dairy, 10 min of MVPA, and 100 counts per minute of TPA, respectively. Conclusion Our results suggested that the higher amount of dairy consumption or PA was associated with lower level of SBP in Chinese young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Huw D. Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Population Health and Medical Informatics, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaojun Wang,
| | - Shanshan Ying
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Beck Silva KB, Miranda Pereira E, Santana MLPD, Costa PRF, Silva RDCR. Effects of computer-based interventions on food consumption and anthropometric parameters of adolescents: A systematic review and metanalysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1617-1631. [PMID: 36062829 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2118227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to systematically assess the effects of computer-based interventions for the promotion of healthy eating on anthropometric indicators and food consumption of adolescents at school. Relevant scientific articles were searched in MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library/CENTRAL following the recommendations by PRISMA guide in August 2021. The quality and risk of bias in the studies were assessed by two reviewers independently. The search strategy retained 13 studies for qualitative analysis. In total 9.603 adolescents of both sexes, were recruited in a school environment. According to studies with information for the meta-analysis, a reduction in the average consumption of fats in favor of computer-based intervention was identified (SMD: -0.14; 95% CI -0.24;-0.05). Considering the changes in the consumption of fruits and vegetables (SMD: 0.09; 95% CI -0.08; 0.26) and in the BMI (WMD: -0.02; 95% CI -0.18; 0.14), the analyses did not identify the effect of computer-based interventions on these parameters after follow-up. The results of this review demonstrate that there is evidence of the positive effect of using digital technology (website and CD-ROM) in educational programs with a focus on promoting a healthy lifestyle, with evidence on reducing fat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Brito Beck Silva
- Departamento de Ciências da Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Emile Miranda Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências da Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Ribas Farias Costa
- Departamento de Ciências da Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Ribeiro Silva
- Departamento de Ciências da Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Long-term dietary intervention influence on physical activity in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification randomized trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 195:43-54. [PMID: 35821536 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modification (DM) randomized trial, dietary intervention significantly reduced breast cancer mortality (P = 0.02). In observational studies, physical activity is associated with lower breast cancer incidence. Currently, dietary intervention influence on other health-related behaviors is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated whether the WHI dietary intervention influenced self-directed physical activity. METHODS Of 48,835 postmenopausal women, 19,541 were randomized to dietary intervention (18 nutritionist-led group sessions first year, then quarterly sessions throughout 8.5 years [median] intervention) and 29,294 to a usual diet comparison (written health-related materials only). Neither randomization group received specific or ongoing instructions to increase physical activity. Episodes per week of moderate or vigorous recreational physical activity (MVPA) were serially reported. Marginal longitudinal logistic regression models were used to assess physically inactive (MVPA = 0) or physically active (MVPA > 0) participants by randomization group. Marginal Poisson regression models estimated mean weekly MVPA. RESULTS At entry, 45.6% of all participants reported physical inactivity (MVPA = 0). In 43,760 women with MVPA information, throughout 15.9 years (median) cumulative follow-up, dietary intervention group participation was associated with 7% lower physical inactivity rate (odds ratio [OR] 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91, 0.95, P < 0.001) and a 4% higher mean MVPA (ratio of means [RM] 1.04 95% CI 1.02, 1.06, P < 0.001), relative to the comparison group. CONCLUSION In a randomized trial setting, a low-fat dietary pattern intervention was associated with a long-term, favorable influence on self-directed recreational physical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00000611.
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Ortiz C, López-Cuadrado T, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Simón L, Perez-Vicente R, Merlo J, Galán I. Physical and social environmental factors related to co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Health Place 2022; 75:102804. [PMID: 35462183 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Previous work identifying determinants of co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors have focused on their association with individuals' characteristics with scant attention paid to their relationship to contextual factors. Data came from 21,007 individuals ≥15 years of age who participated in the cross-sectional 2011-2012 Spanish National Health Survey. Two indicators were defined by tobacco consumption, alcohol intake, diet, physical activity, and body mass index. The first indicator, based on dichotomized measures, ranges from 0 to 5. The second one (unhealthy lifestyle index), ranges from 0 to 15, with 0 denoting the healthiest score. Among the determinants, we examined social support, five perceived characteristics of the neighborhood, and the socioeconomic deprivation index of the census tract of residence. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear and logistic regression models adjusted for the main sociodemographic characteristics. Using the dichotomized indicator, the probability of having 3-5 risk factors versus <3 factors was associated with low social support (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.50; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.25-1.80). Issues surrounding neighborhood cleanliness (OR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.04-1.33), air pollution (OR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.16-1.64), and street crime (OR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.03-1.42) were associated with determinants of co-occurrence. Risk factors co-occurrence increased as deprivation level increased: the OR for the highest deprivation quintile versus the lowest was 1.30 (95%CI: 1.14-1.48). Similar results were observed when using the unhealthy lifestyle index. Poorer physical and social environments are related to greater co-occurrence of risk factors for chronic diseases. Health promotion interventions targeting the prevention of risk factors should consider the contextual characteristics of the neighborhood environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ortiz
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa López-Cuadrado
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Autonomous University of Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Simón
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Perez-Vicente
- Research Unit of Social Epidemiology. Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Juan Merlo
- Research Unit of Social Epidemiology. Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Iñaki Galán
- National Centre for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. Autonomous University of Madrid/IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
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An Investigation on Korean Adolescents' Dietary Consumption: Focused on Sociodemographic Characteristics, Physical Health, and Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189773. [PMID: 34574695 PMCID: PMC8466886 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The promotion of healthful dietary intake in adolescents is an important public health concern, as obesity is on the rise among adolescents. The current study aimed to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and dietary intake (breakfast, vegetables, milk, fruits, fast food, carbohydrate beverages, and caffeine beverages) and to examine the influences of physical and mental health on dietary intake. A nationally representative sample of 187,622 adolescents who attended middle and high schools and participated in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2015, 2017, and 2019) was used. The results showed a decrease in breakfast, vegetable, milk, and fruit consumption and an increase in the obesity rate from 2015 to 2019. There was a significant association between dietary intake and gender, economic status, BMI, and academic achievement. Multiple logistic regression analysis results revealed that the consumption of breakfast, vegetables, milk, and fruit were associated with greater odds of having enough sleep. Fast food intake was shown to be a significant risk factor for depression with an odds ratio of 1.204 (95% CI = 1.169–1.239), and carbonated beverage consumption was shown to be a significant risk factor for stress with an odds ratio of 1.042 (95% CI = 1.030–1.054). These results provide fundamental data that can be used to develop an effective nutrition intervention program or nutrition policy for adolescents or school food service programs.
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Ushula TW, Lahmann PH, Mamun A, Wang WYS, Williams GM, Najman JM. Lifestyle correlates of dietary patterns among young adults: evidence from an Australian birth cohort. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-12. [PMID: 34486516 PMCID: PMC9991692 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies of sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of dietary patterns among young adults have primarily focused on physical activity and smoking, with inconclusive results. This study aims to examine the associations between a broader range of lifestyles of young adults and their patterns of food consumption. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Brisbane, Australia. PARTICIPANTS The data set are from a long running birth cohort study which commenced in 1981. Details of dietary intake and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were from the 21-year follow-up of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) birth cohort. The effective cohort (n 2665, 57 % women) is of young adult offspring. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data on sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were obtained from self-reports. RESULTS Western and prudent dietary patterns were identified for the combined cohort of women and men using principal components analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations between lifestyle variables and dietary patterns adjusting for potential confounders. Results from multivariable adjusted models showed that physical activity, watching TV and smoking were strongly associated with each dietary pattern; alcohol consumption and BMI showed weaker associations (P < 0·05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Our study describes a clustering of unhealthy lifestyles in young adults. Young adults with unhealthy lifestyles less often adhere to a healthy prudent dietary pattern and more often an unhealthy Western pattern. Dietary preferences are enmeshed in a lifestyle matrix which includes physical activity, sedentary activity, smoking and alcohol consumption of young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolassa W Ushula
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Petra H Lahmann
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - William YS Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jake M Najman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Unanue-Arza S, Solís-Ibinagagoitia M, Díaz-Seoane M, Mosquera-Metcalfe I, Idigoras I, Bilbao I, Portillo I. Inequalities and risk factors related to non-participation in colorectal cancer screening programmes: a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:346-355. [PMID: 33313657 PMCID: PMC8071594 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes require high levels of participation in order to reduce mortality. To improve participation rates, it is necessary to identify the health risk factors and social inequalities associated with non-participation. Methods A systematic review was conducted between June and September of 2019 in six databases: CINHAL, Medline, Scopus, Social Sciences Citation Index, Embase and PsycINFO. Studies assessing the relationship between health risk factors, participation in preventive activities and participation in CRC screening were included. Methodological assessment was carried out according to the Quality Assessment Tools of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Results A total of nine studies that analyze participation in both organized and opportunistic screening programmes using any type of screening method were finally selected. Data were mainly self-reported although in two studies medical records were also studied. We identified several variables: gender, body mass index, consultation with a doctor or a specialist, educational level, employment, health insurance, residence, ethnicity, age, marital status, income, other preventive activities, obesity, physical activity, smoking, family history of CRC and general health status. Conclusion The scarcity of studies linking risk factors, social inequalities and participation in preventive activities for participation in screening in the same study makes it difficult to reach definitive patterns related to non-participation in CRC screening programmes. Nevertheless, being under 60, obese, smoker and sedentary have shown an association with non-participation as well as not visiting a doctor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloa Unanue-Arza
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence: Saloa Unanue-Arza., Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain, Tel: +34 946 01 5610, e-mail:
| | | | - Marta Díaz-Seoane
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Idigoras
- BioCruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Basque Country Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme, Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Isabel Bilbao
- BioCruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Basque Country Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme, Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Isabel Portillo
- BioCruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Basque Country Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme, Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Bilbao, Spain
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Serra MC, Dondero KR, Larkins D, Burns A, Addison O. Healthy Lifestyle and Cognition: Interaction between Diet and Physical Activity. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 9:64-74. [PMID: 32166628 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses current research on the impact of specific dietary patterns and exercise, both individually and combined, on cognitive function in older adults. RECENT FINDINGS Observational evidence generally supports a relationship between diet adherence and positive cognitive outcomes related to memory, executive function, and risk for cognitive impairment; however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are limited. Exercise research is more extensive, showing improvements in cognitive performance after exercise interventions regardless of baseline cognitive status and noting lower incidences of cognitive impairment in people who engage in regular physical activity. Evidence supports adherence to specific dietary patterns and a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise as an effective approach to mitigate age-associated cognitive decline. Further research on older adults at various stages of cognitive decline, as well as longer-term RCTs, will help determine the best clinical markers of early cognitive dysfunction, and the effectiveness of early lifestyle intervention on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Serra
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Medicine and the Sam & Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,San Antonio GRECC, South Texas VA Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | | | - Derrik Larkins
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitative Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aisling Burns
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Medicine and the Sam & Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Odessa Addison
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitative Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore VA Medical Center GRECC, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
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van der Avoort CMT, Ten Haaf DSM, de Vries JHM, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC, Eijsvogels TMH, Hopman MTE. Higher Levels of Physical Activity Are Associated with Greater Fruit and Vegetable intake in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:230-241. [PMID: 33491039 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High levels of physical activity (PA) and optimal nutrition independently improve healthy aging, but few data are available about how PA may influence food preferences in older populations. Therefore, the aim of our study was to establish if there is an association between habitual PA and intake of nutrient-dense foods (i.e. fruits and vegetables). DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted. SETTING The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS 2466 older adults (56% male, age 62±9 yr). MEASUREMENTS PA was assessed using the short questionnaire to assess health (SQUASH) and participants were classified into quintiles of weekly PA (MET-h/wk). Total fruit and vegetable intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and were corrected for energy intake (g/kcal/d) in the analyses. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the association between PA and fruit and vegetable intake, including covariates. RESULTS Being in the higher quintiles of PA (Q3, Q4 and Q5) was positively associated with more daily fruit and vegetable consumption, even after correction for total energy intake (Q3; β=0.089, P<0.001, Q4; β=0.047, P=0.024, Q5; β=0.098, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Older adults who are moderately to highly physically active tend to consume more fruit and vegetable compared to less active peers, when corrected for total energy intake. Female gender, under- and overreporting dietary intake (Goldberg score), non-smoking, high level of education, less alcohol consumption and a lower body mass index positivity affected this relationship. Our data will help health-care professionals to accelerate their efforts to treat and prevent chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M T van der Avoort
- Cindy M.T. van der Avoort, MSc., Institute of Sport and Exercise Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Heyendaalseweg 141, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Tel: + 31-24-3530500, E-mail:
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[A joint study of the multidimensional factors associated with the overall quality of adult diets in Canada]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2020; 68:375-383. [PMID: 32981771 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With 26% of Canadians suffering from obesity, significant steps are needed to reduce the social and economic costs entailed by their condition. Given its major contribution to this phenomenon, the quality of diet has been at the heart of numerous previous studies. The objective of the study is to analyze, based on recent data, the association between the quality of the diet of Canadian adults (18 years old and over), and their individual characteristics as well as those of their living environment, including several new elements (prices of fruits and vegetables, food security status). METHODS Using data from the 2015 CCHS-Nutrition Survey and information from the 2007 Canadian Food Guide, a diet quality score (also called healthy eating index) was first calculated and then associated with different factors (identified in a literature review) through multiple linear regressions. RESULTS In addition to confirming its association with age, gender, overall well-being and other socio-economic factors, this study reveals that quality of adult diets is negatively correlated with the evolution of people's food insecurity status and the increase of vegetable prices in the Canadian provinces since 2002. The positive link between diabetes and the quality of diet could reflect healthier eating behaviors due to the constraints generated by this disease. While city dwellers generally have access to a more diversified food supply, they nevertheless do not have a better diet than the rural population. Finally, non-North American immigrants appear to have a better diet than non-autochthonous Canadians. CONCLUSION Paying more attention to food insecurity and to the affordability of vegetables are avenues to explore in view of improving the quality of nourishment in Canada. In any event, longitudinal studies shall be required to confirm the role and to measure the actual influence of these variables on the quality of individual adult diets.
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Lifestyle patterns and their nutritional, socio-demographic and psychological determinants in a community-based study: A mixed approach of latent class and factor analyses. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236242. [PMID: 32701986 PMCID: PMC7377498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle risk factors, such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity or tobacco smoking can have detrimental effects on health and well-being. Therefore, it is important to examine multiple lifestyle risk factors instead of single ones. Cluster analysis allows the combination of single health behaviors in order to recognize distinguished behavior patterns. This study aimed to evaluate lifestyle patterns of general adult population in northwest of Iran with particular focus on dietary patterns, physical activity, and smoking status. Methods The current cross-sectional study consists of 525 adults aged 18–64 years from East-Azarbaijan Iran. Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to recognize patterns of lifestyle behaviors with ingredients of diet, physical activity, and smoking status. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis. Biochemical parameters including fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum lipids, liver enzyme and serum 25(OH)-D3 were measured with commercial ELIZA kits. Results Mean ages of participants were 42.90 ± 11.89 years. Using principal component analysis (PCA) three major dietary patterns were extracted including traditional dietary pattern (e.g. nuts and dry fruits), unhealthy dietary pattern (e.g. fast foods, refined grains) and the healthy dietary patterns (e.g. fruits, vegetables). Using LCA, three classes of lifestyles pattern were identified: 1st class was characterized by a healthy dietary pattern, moderate physical activity, and low probability of smoking. 2nd class was characterized by a traditional dietary pattern, low level of physical activity and low probability of smoking and 3rd class was characterized by a unhealthy dietary pattern, low level of physical activity and low probability of smoking and further analysis found that there were significant differences in body mass index (BMI), Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), FBS, Hemoglobin (Hb), education levels and anxiety status between classes (P <0.05). Conclusion This study attempts to classify Iranian adults by their own health behavior. Healthcare professionals should be aware of associations between different lifestyle risk factors and health promotion strategies should further focus on multiple behaviors at the same time. In our country, more studies about the adult population are needed to support the observed findings of our study and therefore allow for a certain generalization of the observations.
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14
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Heredia N, Nguyen N, McNeill LH. The Importance of the Social Environment in Achieving High Levels of Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in African American Church Members. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:886-893. [PMID: 32410458 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120925361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE African Americans experience a high burden of chronic diseases and cancers that are prevented and ameliorated with physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. The purpose of this study is to identify individual, social, and neighborhood variables associated with African Americans attaining high levels of both behaviors. DESIGN This study is a cross-sectional analysis. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Cohort of African Americans adults recruited from black churches in the Greater Houston area. MEASURES Self-administered questionnaires collected in 2012 assessed correlates and behavioral outcome variables (PA and FV consumption). A combined 4-category behavioral outcome was created: high PA/high FV, low PA/high FV, high PA/low FV, and low PA/low FV. ANALYSIS Standard and stepwise multinomial logistic regression examined the association between the various variables and the behavioral outcome. RESULTS This sample (n = 1009) had a mean age of 49 years, was mostly female, and obese. Compared to the low PA/low FV intake group, the high PA/high FV intake group had significantly lower odds of individual-level variables (worrying about getting cancer, perceived stress, loneliness, and financial strain) and higher odds of social-level variables (social status, social cohesion, social organization involvement, and social norms). Only social-level variables remained significantly associated with higher odds of high PA/high FV intake in stepwise regression. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that social influences may be most critical for high PA and FV intake in African Americans adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Heredia
- Department of Health Disparities, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Department of Health Disparities, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorna H McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Heredia NI, Fernandez ME, van den Berg AE, Durand CP, Kohl HW, Reininger BM, Hwang KO, McNeill LH. Coaction Between Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Racially Diverse, Obese Adults. Am J Health Promot 2020; 34:238-246. [PMID: 31722544 PMCID: PMC7033009 DOI: 10.1177/0890117119884479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is minimal understanding of the potential for coaction, defined as action on one behavior increasing the likelihood of taking action on another behavior, between physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. The purpose of this study was to assess the bidirectional coaction between FV intake and PA, as well as self-efficacy for these behaviors, in a racially diverse sample of obese adults. DESIGN This is a secondary analysis using data collected from the Path to Health study, a randomized controlled trial. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03674229. SAMPLE Obese adults who completed baseline and 6-month follow-up assessments. MEASURES For this study, data on FV intake, leisure time PA, and 7-day accelerometer data were analyzed at baseline and 6-month follow-up. ANALYSIS We interchanged modeling the FV intake and PA change variables as the independent and dependent variables. We conducted multiple imputation and both linear and multinomial regression. RESULTS The sample (n = 168) was 59% female and mainly split between white (42%) and African American (42%). Change in self-efficacy for PA was predictive of change in self-efficacy for FV intake and vice versa. When compared with participants with no change in FV intake, someone with a positive change in FV intake was more likely to have a positive change in self-reported PA (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 6.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.69-26.68). Likewise, when compared with no change, participants with a positive change in self-reported PA were more likely to report a positive change in FV intake (adjusted RR = 6.79, 95% CI = 1.70-27.17). CONCLUSION Findings suggest coaction between self-efficacy for FV intake and PA as well as between FV intake and PA. Coaction could be capitalized on to more effectively promote both energy-balance behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Heredia
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler, Suite FCT9.6073, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria E Fernandez
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra E van den Berg
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Casey P Durand
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Harold W Kohl
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, UTHealth School of Public Health, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Belinda M Reininger
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health in Brownsville, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Kevin O Hwang
- McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorna H McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler, Suite FCT9.6073, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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16
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Xiang M, Konishi M, Hu H, Nishimaki M, Kim HK, Tabata H, Shimizu H, Fang Y, Li X, Xu J, Zhang Z, Liang H, Arao T, Sakamoto S. When and How Should Chinese Pregnant Women Exercise? A Longitudinal Study in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010180. [PMID: 31881803 PMCID: PMC6981545 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine when and how physical activity (PA) influences gestational weight gain (GWG) and infant birthweight (BW) by considering the PA’s total volume, timing, intensity, and type, controlling for the influence of energy intake. A total of 1272 participants in different stages of pregnancy were recruited from hospital. The associations between PA and GWG or BW in the latter half of pregnancy were significant. Women with the highest PA volume in the third trimester had significantly lower risks of inadequate and excessive GWG by 69% (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.10–0.91) and 67% (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12–0.91), respectively, compared to women in the lowest quartile. Women who achieved the recommended moderate intensity of PA during their second and third trimesters, independent of total volume of PA, had infants with significantly lower BWs compared to those who did not (β = −0.15, SE = 66.33, p = 0.04; β = −0.20, SE = 64.54, p = 0.01, respectively). Therefore, the effects of total volume and intensity of PA on GWG and BW were different. Interventions to prevent inappropriate GWG and macrosomia may need to set different priorities and timing regarding total volume or intensity of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Xiang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (M.X.); (Y.F.); (X.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Masayuki Konishi
- Faculty of Health Science, Tokoha University, Shizuoka 431-2102, Japan;
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| | - Mio Nishimaki
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan;
| | - Hyeon-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Tabata
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; (H.T.); (H.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Hisao Shimizu
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; (H.T.); (H.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Yue Fang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (M.X.); (Y.F.); (X.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Xueyuan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (M.X.); (Y.F.); (X.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Jiawei Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (M.X.); (Y.F.); (X.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; (M.X.); (Y.F.); (X.L.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (H.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-63846590 (Z.Z.)
| | - Huigang Liang
- Department of Business Information & Technology, Fogelman College of Business & Economics, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (H.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-021-63846590 (Z.Z.)
| | - Takashi Arao
- Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Physical Fitness Research Institute, Tokyo 192-0001, Japan;
| | - Shizuo Sakamoto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan; (H.T.); (H.S.); (S.S.)
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17
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Feig EH, Levy DE, McCurley JL, Rimm EB, Anderson EM, Gelsomin ED, Thorndike AN. Association of work-related and leisure-time physical activity with workplace food purchases, dietary quality, and health of hospital employees. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1583. [PMID: 31775714 PMCID: PMC6882114 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While leisure-time physical activity (PA) has been associated with reduced risk of cardiometabolic disease, less is known about the relationship between work-related PA and health. Work-related PA is often not a chosen behavior and may be associated with lower socioeconomic status and less control over job-related activities. This study examined whether high work-related PA and leisure-time PA reported by hospital employees were associated with healthier dietary intake and reductions in cardiometabolic risk. Methods This was a cross-sectional analysis of 602 hospital employees who used workplace cafeterias and completed the baseline visit for a health promotion study in 2016–2018. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and clinical measures of weight, blood pressure, HbA1c, and lipids. Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores were calculated from two 24-h dietary recalls, and a Healthy Purchasing Score was calculated based on healthfulness of workplace food/beverage purchases. Regression analyses examined Healthy Purchasing Score, HEI, and obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes/prediabetes by quartile of work-related PA, leisure-time PA, and sedentary time. Results Participants’ mean age was 43.6 years (SD = 12.2), 79.4% were female, and 81.1% were white. In total, 30.3% had obesity, 20.6% had hypertension, 26.6% had prediabetes/diabetes, and 32.1% had hyperlipidemia. Median leisure-time PA was 12.0 (IQR: 3.3, 28.0) and median work-related PA was 14.0 (IQR: 0.0, 51.1) MET-hours/week. Higher leisure-time PA was associated with higher workplace Healthy Purchasing Score and HEI (p’s < 0.01) and lower prevalence of obesity, diabetes/prediabetes, and hyperlipidemia (p’s < 0.05). Work-related PA was not associated with Healthy Purchasing Score, HEI, or cardiometabolic risk factors. Increased sedentary time was associated with lower HEI (p = 0.02) but was not associated with the workplace Healthy Purchasing Score. Conclusions Employees with high work-related PA did not have associated reductions in cardiometabolic risk or have healthier dietary intake as did employees reporting high leisure-time PA. Workplace wellness programs should promote leisure-time PA and healthy food choices for all employees, but programs may need to be customized and made more accessible to meet the unique needs of employees who are physically active at work. Trial registration This trial was prospectively registered with clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02660086) on January 21, 2016. The first participant was enrolled on September 16, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Feig
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas E Levy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica L McCurley
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma M Anderson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Emily D Gelsomin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne N Thorndike
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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18
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Catenacci VA, Ostendorf DM, Pan Z, Bing K, Wayland LT, Seyoum E, Stauffer BL, Phelan S, Creasy SA, Caldwell AE, Wyatt HR, Bessesen DH, Melanson EL. The Impact of Timing of Exercise Initiation on Weight Loss: An 18-Month Randomized Clinical Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1828-1838. [PMID: 31565869 PMCID: PMC6832769 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the impact of timing of exercise initiation on weight loss within a behavioral weight loss program. METHODS Adults with overweight or obesity (N = 170; age 18-55 years; BMI 25-42 kg/m2 ; 83.5% women) were enrolled in an 18-month behavioral weight loss program consisting of a reduced-calorie diet, exercise, and group-based support. The standard group (STD) received a supervised exercise program (progressing to 300 min/wk of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise) during months 0 to 6. The sequential group (SEQ) was asked to refrain from changing exercise during months 0 to 6 and received the supervised exercise program during months 7 to 12. On completion of supervised exercise, both groups were instructed to continue 300 min/wk of moderate-intensity exercise for the study duration. RESULTS At 6 months, the STD group exhibited greater reductions in body weight (-8.7 ± 0.7 kg) compared with the SEQ group (-6.9 ± 0.6 kg; P = 0.047). Between 6 and 18 months, the STD group regained more weight (2.5 ± 0.8 kg vs. 0.0 ± 0.8 kg; P = 0.02). At 18 months, there were no between-group differences in changes in weight (STD: -6.9 ± 1.2 kg; SEQ: -7.9 ± 1.2 kg), fat mass, lean mass, physical activity, or attrition. CONCLUSIONS Both immediate and delayed exercise initiation within a behavioral weight loss program resulted in clinically meaningful weight loss at 18 months. Thus, timing of exercise initiation can be personalized based on patient preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Catenacci
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Danielle M. Ostendorf
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen Bing
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Liza T. Wayland
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emmanuel Seyoum
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian L. Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Suzanne Phelan
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo CA
| | - Seth A. Creasy
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ann E. Caldwell
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Holly R. Wyatt
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward L. Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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19
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Smith MA, Boehnke JR, Graham H, White PCL, Prady SL. Associations between active travel and diet: cross-sectional evidence on healthy, low-carbon behaviours from UK Biobank. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030741. [PMID: 31481378 PMCID: PMC6731823 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether there are associations between active travel and markers of a healthy, low-carbon (HLC) diet (increased consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV), reduced consumption of red and processed meat (RPM)). DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study. SETTINGS Population cohort of over 500 000 people recruited from 22 centres across the UK. Participants aged between 40 and 69 years were recruited between 2006 and 2010. PARTICIPANTS 412 299 adults with complete data on travel mode use, consumption of FV and RPM, and sociodemographic covariates were included in the analysis. EXPOSURE MEASURES Mutually exclusive mode or mode combinations of travel (car, public transport, walking, cycling) for non-work and commuting journeys. OUTCOME MEASURES Consumption of FV measured as portions per day and RPM measured as frequency per week. RESULTS Engaging in all types of active travel was positively associated with higher FV consumption and negatively associated with more frequent RPM consumption. Cycling exclusively or in combination with walking was most strongly associated with increased dietary consumption of FV and reduced consumption of RPM for both non-work and commuting journeys. Overall, the strongest associations were between non-work cycling and FV consumption (males: adjusted OR=2.18, 95% CI 2.06 to 2.30; females: adjusted OR=2.50, 95% CI 2.31 to 2.71) and non-work cycling and RPM consumption (males: adjusted OR=0.57, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.60; females: adjusted OR=0.54, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.59). Associations were generally similar for both commuting and non-work travel, and were robust to adjustment with sociodemographic and behavioural factors. CONCLUSIONS There are strong associations between engaging in active travel, particularly cycling, and HLC dietary consumption, suggesting that these HLC behaviours are related. Further research is needed to better understand the drivers and dynamics between these behaviours within individuals, and whether they share common underlying causes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Rasmus Boehnke
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Piran C L White
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
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20
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Xiang M, Zhang J, Liang H, Zhang Z, Konishi M, Hu H, Nishimaki M, Kim HK, Tabata H, Shimizu H, Arao T, Sakamoto S. Physical activity and dietary intake among Chinese pregnant women: an observational study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:295. [PMID: 31412799 PMCID: PMC6693271 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) and dietary intake are important modifiable factors associated with health outcomes. However, Chinese pregnant women's PA and dietary intake are only vaguely understood. The aim of this study was to reveal the characteristics of PA and dietary intake of Chinese women in different trimesters as well as the associations between PA and dietary intake. METHODS This is a cross-sectional observational study. PA, dietary intake, and demographics of 1077 Chinese pregnant women were measured. The Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, multiple logistic regression, and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS About 57.1% of the participants met the international guideline for PA. Household activity and occupational activity contributed the most to the total PA, while sports/exercise contributed little. The mean energy intake of the participants was 2008 ± 748.0 kcal. Most participants had normal energy intake, but they obtained excessive energy from fat (mean = 41.7 ± 8.7%). PA was not found to be significantly associated with dietary intake. Further, the participants who were unemployed during pregnancy (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55-0.95; p < 0.05) or had no exercise habits before pregnancy (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.47-0.80; p < 0.01) were less likely to meet the PA guideline. The participants in the third trimester (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.03-1.99; p < 0.05) were more likely to meet the PA guideline compared to those in the first trimester. The older participants (> 30 years) showed higher dietary intake than the younger (< 25 years) participants (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The total PA of Chinese women during pregnancy mostly consists of household and occupational activities, but little sports/exercise. Starting exercise before pregnancy may help women achieve adequate PA during pregnancy. Moreover, these women consumed an excessive amount of fat and their diet intake varies by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Xiang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huigang Liang
- Department of Business Information & Technology, Fogelman College of Business & Economics, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Huanhuan Hu
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Nishimaki
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hyeon-Ki Kim
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tabata
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisao Shimizu
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Arao
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shizuo Sakamoto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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21
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Salazar NA, Fiszman S, Orrego CE, Tarrega A. Evaluation of Some Ingredients and Energy Content on Front-of-Pack Cereal Bar Labeling as Drivers of Choice and Perception of Healthiness: A Case Study with Exercisers. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2269-2277. [PMID: 31339566 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the drivers of choice and perceptions of healthiness that specific ingredient or energy content information displayed on the front-of-pack label of cereal bars triggers among different groups of consumers. The participants (18 to 50 years old), classified as exercisers (n = 103, 52 women) or nonexercisers (n = 101, 51 women), completed a questionnaire and then rated their interest using images of cereal bars that varied in four characteristics ("With fruit," "With chocolate," "High protein," and calorie content). Conjoint analysis showed that the most important motives were associated with the convenience, pleasure/indulgence and liking dimensions, which did not differ between groups. These were followed by two other motives introduced in this study: energy/physical activity and satiety, in which the exercisers showed a distinctively higher level of interest than the nonexercisers. Chocolate and a low calorie content were the outstanding drivers of interest, at similar levels for both groups. A high protein content claim increased the interest of all participants, but more so for exercisers and for men. Fruit had a low impact on interest, which was only significant for women. These results indicate that front-of-pack label information influences choice in a distinctive way for some targeted population groups. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study contributes knowledge about the impact that front-of-pack label information about certain ingredients and the energy content has on the motives and drivers for snack choices and perceptions of healthiness. The results contribute interesting results on the behavior of some consumer segments, in particular, exercisers and people involved in fitness activities, who are supposed to have special dietary needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Salazar
- Dept. de Ingeniería Química, Inst. de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Univ. Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, Campus la Nubia Km 7 Vía al Aeropuerto, Manizales, 170004, Colombia.,Inst. de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino, 7. 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Univ. de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué, 730001, Colombia
| | - Susana Fiszman
- Inst. de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino, 7. 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos E Orrego
- Dept. de Ingeniería Química, Inst. de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Univ. Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, Campus la Nubia Km 7 Vía al Aeropuerto, Manizales, 170004, Colombia
| | - Amparo Tarrega
- Inst. de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Agustín Escardino, 7. 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Fernandez M, Moore C, Eklund A, Swain M, de Luca K, Sibbritt D, Adams J, Peng W. The prevalence and determinants of physical activity promotion by Australian chiropractors: A cross sectional study. Complement Ther Med 2019; 45:172-178. [PMID: 31331556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately one in four adults do not meet the World Health Organisation physical activity recommendations. While health promotion (i.e., physical activity) is common within chiropractic settings, little is known about chiropractors discussing this public health issue with their patients. The aim of our study is to examine the prevalence and characteristics of Australian chiropractors who frequently discuss patient physical activity. METHODS A national cross-sectional survey of chiropractors focusing upon practitioner characteristics, practice settings and clinical management characteristics. Regression analyses were conducted on 1924 survey respondents to identify factors associated with practitioners who frequently discuss physical activity with patients. RESULTS Eighty-five percent of Australian chiropractors reported 'often' discussing physical activity as part of their patient management. The strongest factors associated with chiropractors who frequently discuss physical activity obtained from the multivariate analysis include: often discussing occupational health and safety (odds ratio [OR] = 6.10; 95%CI: 3.88, 9.59), often discussing diet/nutrition (OR = 4.56; 95%CI: 3.12, 6.66), often discussing smoking/drugs/alcohol (OR = 4.41; 95%CI: 2.06, 9.40), often use of specific exercise therapy/rehabilitation/injury taping (OR = 3.76; 95%CI: 2.62, 5.39) and often caring for athletes or sports people (OR = 2.18; 95%CI: 1.56, 3.06) within their practice setting. CONCLUSION Discussing physical activity is a frequent feature of patient management among most chiropractors in Australia. The association between these practitioners and discussion of other costly public health burdens could suggest chiropractors have a valuable role to play in chronic disease prevention. Given the growing need for practitioner-led promotion of patient physical activity further research examination of the role and contribution of chiropractors in promoting this important public health topic among patients and communities is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Fernandez
- Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Chiropractic Academy for Research Leadership (CARL), Sydney, Australia.
| | - Craig Moore
- Chiropractic Academy for Research Leadership (CARL), Sydney, Australia; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
| | - Andreas Eklund
- Chiropractic Academy for Research Leadership (CARL), Sydney, Australia; Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Michael Swain
- Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Chiropractic Academy for Research Leadership (CARL), Sydney, Australia.
| | - Katie de Luca
- Department of Chiropractic, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Chiropractic Academy for Research Leadership (CARL), Sydney, Australia.
| | - David Sibbritt
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jon Adams
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
| | - Wenbo Peng
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Australia.
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23
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Murphy JJ, MacDonncha C, Murphy MH, Murphy N, Timperio A, Leech RM, Woods CB. Identification of health-related behavioural clusters and their association with demographic characteristics in Irish university students. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:121. [PMID: 30691428 PMCID: PMC6350296 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Students engage in risky health-related behaviours that influence their current and future health status. Health-related behaviours cluster among adults and differently based on sub-populations characteristics but research is lacking for university populations. Examining the clustering of health- related behaviours can inform our initiatives and strategies, while examining cluster members’ characteristics can help target those who can prosper most from health promotion efforts. This study examines the clustering of health-related behaviours in Irish university students, and investigates the relationship with students’ sex, age, field of study and accommodation type. Methods An online survey was completed by 5672 Irish university students (51.3% male; 21.60 ± 5.65 years) during 2014. Two-step cluster analysis was used to understand how health-related behaviours (physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, drug use and dietary habits) cluster among male and female students. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to examine the likelihood of students falling into certain clusters based on their characteristics. Results Five cluster groups were identified in males and four in females. A quarter of males were categorised as ideal healthy with older students and those from certain fields of study having a higher likelihood of being classified in a low physical activity and poor diet (OR = 1.06–2.89), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.03–3.04), or smoking and drug use (OR = 1.06–2.73) cluster. Forty-five percent of females were categorised as ideal healthy with older females more likely to be in a low active and smoking cluster (OR = 1.03), and less likely to be in a convenience food cluster (OR = 0.96). Females from certain fields of study were also more likely to be classified in these clusters (OR = 1.59–1.76). Students living away from their family home had in increased likelihood of being in a cluster related to a higher frequency of alcohol consumption (OR = 1.72–3.05). Conclusion Health-related behaviours cluster among this population and need to be taken into account when designing multi-health interventions and policies. These findings can be used to target student groups at risk, leading to more efficient and successful health promotion efforts. The addition of modules providing information regarding health-related behaviours are advised in all fields of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Murphy
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ciaran MacDonncha
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institiute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Niamh Murphy
- Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Leech
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Catherine B Woods
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institiute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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24
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Jezewska-Zychowicz M, Gębski J, Guzek D, Świątkowska M, Stangierska D, Plichta M, Wasilewska M. The Associations between Dietary Patterns and Sedentary Behaviors in Polish Adults (LifeStyle Study). Nutrients 2018; 10:E1004. [PMID: 30071656 PMCID: PMC6115718 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedentary behavior, a low physical activity level, and unhealthy dietary patterns are risk factors for major chronic diseases, including obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of dietary patterns (DPs) with sedentary behaviors (SB) and self-reported physical activity (PA). The data was collected in November 2016 through a cross-sectional quantitative survey amongst 1007 Polish adults. Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to derive DPs. Logistic regression analysis was used to verify associations between PA and SD (independent variables), and DPs (dependent variables). Five DPs ('Fast foods & sweets'-FF&S; 'Meat & meat products'-M&MP; 'Fruit & vegetable'-F&V; 'Wholemeal food'-WF; 'Fruit & vegetable juices'-F&VJ) were identified. Representing M&MP independently increased the chance of watching TV at least once a day (by 73%). There was no such relationship between the FF&S and sedentary behaviors. Being in the upper tertiles of pro-health DPs increased the chance of reading books (by 177%-F&V, 149%-WF, 54%-F&VJ) and watching TV (by 71%-F&V). On the other hand, belonging to the upper tertile of WF reduced the chance of using the computer for more than 4 h a day. Belonging to the upper tertile of healthy DPs (WF and F&VJ) increased the chances of moderate or high physical activity, both at work/school and during leisure time. Within F&V, there was a lower chance of moderate or high physical activity at work/school. Being in the upper tertile of unhealthy DPs (FF&S and M&MP) did not show any significant association with physical activity. The study indicated the associations between both healthy and unhealthy DPs and some sedentary behaviors. Association between F&V and watching TV and reading books/newspapers should be recognized as potentially efficient in education. Association between M&MP and watching television can be indicative of the mutual overlap of a negative lifestyle resulting in the development of overweight and obesity, especially since the extent of occurrence of sedentary behaviors is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Gębski
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Świątkowska
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Stangierska
- Section of Horticultural Economic, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Plichta
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Milena Wasilewska
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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25
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Hartson KR, Gance-Cleveland B, Amura CR, Schmiege S. Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Among Overweight Hispanic School-aged Children. J Pediatr Nurs 2018; 40:1-6. [PMID: 29776474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore potential correlates of physical activity and sedentary screen time behaviors among overweight Hispanic school-aged children, ages 7 to 14years. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted an exploratory correlation analysis using baseline data of 40 child-parent dyads from the "Mind Exercise Nutrition Do It!" program conducted in the Western United States. RESULTS Child self-esteem and parental vegetable intake were moderately associated with physical activity, while parental vegetable intake and child fruit intake were strongly associated with physical activity among males. Physical activity was not significantly associated with body mass index percentile, sedentary screen time behaviors, or body esteem. Only decreased body esteem in males was correlated with sedentary screen time behaviors. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Understanding the correlates of physical activity and sedentary screen time behaviors in this underrepresented population allows nurses to better understand the connections between physical activity and other aspects of well-being in children. Further investigation is needed to determine how these relationships can be incorporated into physical activity interventions that improve the health of overweight Hispanic school-aged children.
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26
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Casey K, Mailey EL, Rosenkranz RR, Swank A, Ablah E, Rosenkranz SK. Does dietary intake change during an intervention to reduce sedentary behavior and cardiovascular disease risk? A randomized comparative effectiveness trial. BMC Nutr 2018; 4:16. [PMID: 32153880 PMCID: PMC7050876 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-018-0223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from physical activity interventions suggests that women, in particular, may overcompensate for exercise energy expenditure by increasing caloric intake. Sedentary behavior and poor dietary quality are independent risk factors for many major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether insufficiently active women, accumulating less than 60 min per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, alter caloric intake or dietary quality when participating in an 8-week intervention to reduce sedentary behavior and CVD risk. A secondary aim was to determine whether the two treatment groups differed from one another in dietary intake while participating in the intervention. METHODS Insufficiently active women (n = 49) working full-time sedentary jobs were randomized to one of two treatment groups to reduce sedentary behavior during the workweek: short-break (1-2 min breaks from sitting every half hour, SB), or long-break (15 min breaks from sitting twice daily, LB). Three-day food records were collected at baseline, week 4 and week 8. Dietary quality was assessed using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). Risk factors for CVD were assessed at baseline and week 8. RESULTS For all participants, average caloric intake decreased significantly from baseline to week 8 by approximately 12% (∆ = - 216.0 kcals, p = 0.003). Average caloric intake decreased significantly over time for the SB group (∆ = - 369.6 kcals, p = 0.004), but not the LB group (∆ = - 179.5 kcals, p = 0.17). There was no significant difference between SB and LB groups with regard to calories from baseline to week 8 (F = 0.51, p = 0.48). Total AHEI-2010 scores did not decrease significantly for all participants (∆ = - 4.0, p = 0.14), SB (∆ = - 5.2, p = 0.16), or LB groups (∆ = - 4.5, p = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS Following an 8-week intervention to reduce sedentary time, insufficiently active women decreased caloric intake over time, however there were no differences between SB and LB groups. In all participants, dietary quality was not altered over time. Future studies should explore sedentary reduction interventions compared to physical activity interventions as a means to create negative energy balance, as frequent sedentary breaks may be effective for improving health outcomes in women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT02609438, retrospectively registered November 20, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Casey
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, 1105 Sunset Ave, 3rd Floor, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA
| | - Emily L. Mailey
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, 8D Natatorium, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA
| | - Richard R. Rosenkranz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, 1105 Sunset Ave, 3rd Floor, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA
| | - Aaron Swank
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, 8D Natatorium, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA
| | - Elizabeth Ablah
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 1010 North Kansas, Wichita, KS 672114 USA
| | - Sara K. Rosenkranz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, 1105 Sunset Ave, 3rd Floor, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA
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27
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Yang Y. Using agent-based modeling to study multiple risk factors and multiple health outcomes at multiple levels. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1408:7-14. [PMID: 29239482 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most health studies focus on one health outcome and examine the influence of one or multiple risk factors. However, in reality, various pathways, interactions, and associations exist not only between risk factors and health outcomes but also among the risk factors and among health outcomes. The advance of system science methods, Big Data, and accumulated knowledge allows us to examine how multiple risk factors influence multiple health outcomes at multiple levels (termed a 3M study). Using the study of neighborhood environment and health as an example, I elaborate on the significance of 3M studies. 3M studies may lead to a significantly deeper understanding of the dynamic interactions among risk factors and outcomes and could help us design better interventions that may be of particular relevance for upstream interventions. Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a promising method in the 3M study, although its potentials are far from being fully explored. Future challenges include the gap of epidemiologic knowledge and evidence, lack of empirical data sources, and the technical challenges of ABM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
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28
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Abstract
This study was to identify the role of demographics and social support from family and friends in predicting self-efficacy for a healthy diet and healthy dietary practices. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 112 Korean American adults in the southwestern United States. Most were college educated (85.3%), with mean age of 54.0 (± 10.6), and women (66.4%). The findings indicate that gender and education played a moderating role between family support and self-efficacy for a healthy diet, whereas age and education were moderators between support from family and friends and healthy dietary practices. Diet interventions tailored to demographic subgroups may increase self-efficacy, promote healthy dietary practices, and ultimately contribute to a reduction in the rates of critical health conditions and health costs in the community.
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29
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Enes CC, Slater B. Dietary intake of adolescents compared with the Brazilian Food Guide and their differences according to anthropometric data and physical activity. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2017; 18:798-808. [PMID: 26982296 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5497201500040010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the dietary intake of adolescents compared with the Brazilian Food Guide and to explore their differences according to anthropometric data and physical activity. METHODS A total of 476 adolescents from public schools of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil participated in this study. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate food group intake of adolescents. Height, weight and waist circumference of all participants were measured. Physical activity pattern was determined by questioning about participation in regular sport activities. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight was 36.1% and 60% were not physically active. 7.8, 7.1, 6.3, and 0.2% of adolescents consumed vegetables, fruits, milk and derivatives, and cereals, respectively, according to recommendations. About 55 and 79% of adolescents consumed excessively oils/fats and sugar/sweets, respectively. Physically active adolescents consumed more cereals, fruits, vegetables, milk and derivatives, and meats and eggs. CONCLUSION Most adolescents did not follow the food group recommendations and those who were physically active have healthier food habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cristina Enes
- School of Nutrition, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Betzabeth Slater
- School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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30
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Kay MC, Wasser H, Adair LS, Thompson AL, Siega-Riz AM, Suchindran CM, Bentley ME. Consumption of key food groups during the postpartum period in low-income, non-Hispanic black mothers. Appetite 2017; 117:161-167. [PMID: 28651972 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The postpartum period can impact diet quality and subsequently place women at greater risk for overweight or obesity. This study examined consumption of key food groups during the first 2 years postpartum among low income, non-Hispanic black, first-time mothers. Data were from the Infant Care, Feeding and Risk of Obesity Study, a cohort of 217 mother-infant dyads, followed from 3 to 18 months postpartum, collected from 2003 to 2007. At each study visit (3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months) 24-h dietary recalls were collected. Consumption levels were compared to those recommended from the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) for each of the following food groups: fruits, vegetables, grains, whole grains, protein foods and dairy, as well as an estimated upper limit for sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. At each time point, mothers met recommended intake levels for grains and protein foods only. In random-intercept logistic regression models, no demographic or household characteristics were associated with a likelihood of consuming recommended levels for any of the food groups according to the DGAs. Given the low intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean protein foods and high intake of SSBs and refined grains, interventions targeting women's diet during the postpartum period are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Kay
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, 137 E. Franklin St, CB 8120, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States.
| | - Heather Wasser
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, 137 E. Franklin St, CB 8120, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, 137 E. Franklin St, CB 8120, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States
| | - Amanda L Thompson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, 137 E. Franklin St, CB 8120, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States; Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 209-A Alumni Bldg, 3115 Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, 137 E. Franklin St, CB 8120, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800717, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States.
| | - Chirayath M Suchindran
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3103-A Mcgavran-Greenberg Hl, CB 7420, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Margaret E Bentley
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, 137 E. Franklin St, CB 8120, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States
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Évaluation de la qualité de l’alimentation d’adolescents algériens par le score d’adéquation aux recommandations nutritionnelles du PNNS (France). NUTR CLIN METAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Halliday TM, Savla J, Marinik EL, Hedrick VE, Winett RA, Davy BM. Resistance training is associated with spontaneous changes in aerobic physical activity but not overall diet quality in adults with prediabetes. Physiol Behav 2017; 177:49-56. [PMID: 28414072 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise interventions have been shown to result in alterations to dietary intake and non-exercise physical activity (PA). To date, the ability for resistance training (RT) to influence other health-related behaviors has not been examined. This study aimed to determine if initiation and maintenance of RT is associated with spontaneous changes in dietary quality and non-RT PA in adults with prediabetes. METHODS Overweight/obese adults (n=170, BMI=32.9±3.8kg·m2, age=59.5±5.5years, 73% female) with prediabetes were enrolled in the 15-month Resist Diabetes trial. Participants completed a supervised 3-month RT initiation phase followed by a 6-month maintenance phase and a 6-month no-contact phase. Participants were not encouraged to change eating or non-RT PA behaviors. At baseline, and months 3, 9, and 15, three 24-hour diet recalls were collected to evaluate dietary intake and quality, the Aerobics Institute Longitudinal Study Questionnaire was completed to evaluate non-RT PA, and body mass, body composition (DXA), and muscular strength were measured. At months 3, 9, and 15 social cognitive theory (SCT) constructs were assessed with a RT Health Beliefs Questionnaire. Mixed effects models were used to assess changes in dietary intake and non-RT PA over the 15-month study period. RESULTS Energy and carbohydrate intake decreased with RT initiation and maintenance phases (baseline to month 9: β=-87.9, p=0.015 and β=-16.3, p<0.001, respectively). No change in overall dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index [HEI]-2010 score: β=-0.13, p=0.722) occurred, but alterations in HEI-2010 sub-scores were detected. Maintenance of RT was accompanied by an increase in MET-min/week of total non-RT PA (month 3 to month 9: β=146.2, p=0.01), which was predicted by increased self-regulation and decreased negative outcome expectancies for RT (β=83.7, p=0.014 and β=-70.0, p=0.038, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Initiation and maintenance of RT may be a gateway behavior leading to improvements in other health-related behaviors. These results provide rationale for single-component lifestyle interventions as an alternative to multi-component interventions, when resources are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Halliday
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 338 Wallace Hall, Mail Code 0430, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Current Affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, 12348 E. Montview Blvd, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Jyoti Savla
- Department of Human Development, Center for Gerontology, 230 Grove Lane, Mail Code 0555, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Elaina L Marinik
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 338 Wallace Hall, Mail Code 0430, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Valisa E Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 338 Wallace Hall, Mail Code 0430, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Richard A Winett
- Department of Psychology, 109 Williams Hall, Mail Code 0436, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Brenda M Davy
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 338 Wallace Hall, Mail Code 0430, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Schlaff RA, Baruth M, Adams VJ, Goldufsky TM, Peters NA, Kerr G, Boggs A, Ewald A. Effects of a Group-Based Behavioral Intervention on Dietary Behaviors in Older Adults. J Aging Health 2016; 30:105-117. [PMID: 27634838 DOI: 10.1177/0898264316668936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the effects of a 12-week, behavioral nutrition intervention on dietary behaviors. METHOD Inactive older adults ( N = 50) were randomized to a 12-week, behavioral nutrition or physical activity intervention, delivered in a group-based format. Questionnaires assessed fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption, and fat- and fiber-related behaviors at baseline and postintervention. Height and weight were measured. Repeated-measures ANOVAs examined changes in dietary behaviors over time between groups, controlling for age, gender, and education. RESULTS Participants averaged 64.1 ± 8.4 years of age and had a body mass index (BMI) of 33.3 ± 7.5 kg/m2. Group × Time interactions were significant for FV consumption ( p = .003), and fat- ( p = .02) and fiber-related ( p = .008) behaviors at 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, dietary behaviors improved significantly in the nutrition but not in the physical activity group. Effect sizes were medium to large. DISCUSSION A 12-week, behavioral nutrition intervention improved dietary behaviors. Behavioral interventions may be a low-cost way to improve dietary behaviors among older adults, potentially affecting population health significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan Baruth
- 1 Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Graceson Kerr
- 1 Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, MI, USA
| | - Ashley Boggs
- 1 Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, MI, USA
| | - Ashley Ewald
- 1 Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, MI, USA
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Shapo L, Pomerleau J, McKee M. Physical Inactivity in a country in transition: a population-based survey in Tirana City, Albania. Scand J Public Health 2016; 32:60-7. [PMID: 14757550 DOI: 10.1080/14034940310011801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims: This paper describes the work and leisure-time physical activity levels of adults living in Tirana City (Albania). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Tirana City in mid-2001. It included 1120 adults aged 25 years and over (response rate=72.7%). Results: Overall, 19.3% of male and 28.4% of female respondents reported a low level of physical activity at work. During leisure time, 49.5% of men and 57.6% of women (age-standardized prevalence [adjusted to the adult population of Tirana]: 43.4% and 51.9% for men and women respectively) said that they participated in only sedentary activities such as reading and watching television. The gender difference in the likelihood of low physical activity at work and during leisure time was significant even after adjusting for age (age adjusted odds ratios (OR)=1.86 99% confidence interval (CI) 1.12; 3.09 and OR=1.60 99% CI 1.17; 2.22 respectively). The likelihood of leisure-time sedentarity increased with age in both genders but it did not vary significantly with education level or income. Being sedentary during leisure time was also not significantly associated with other unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, including smoking, consumption of vegetables less than six days per week, and daily alcohol intake. Conclusions: In a country such as Albania that has undergone a rapid transition from a largely unmechanized society, characterized inevitably by high levels of exercise, the generalized high prevalence of low physical activity level during leisure time gives cause for concern regarding future health trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laidon Shapo
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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35
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Clark PG, Rossi JS, Greaney ML, Riebe DA, Greene GW, Saunders SD, Lees FD, Nigg CR. Intervening on Exercise and Nutrition in Older Adults. J Aging Health 2016; 17:753-78. [PMID: 16377771 DOI: 10.1177/0898264305281105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Presented are the basic design, methods, and baseline data analyses for the Study of Exercise and Nutrition in Older Rhode Islanders (SENIOR Project) an experimental study to investigate the relative effectiveness of a 12-month, stage of readiness to change-based multiple-behavior intervention (exercise and nutrition) compared to single-behavior interventions in a community-dwelling population of 1,277 older adults. Relationships between stage of readiness to change in the two target behaviors, as well as the relationship between stage of readiness and self-reported exercise levels and fruit and vegetable consumption, were examined using a combination of Pearson chi-squares, analyses of variance (ANOVA), and Spearman’s rank order correlations. Stage of change (SOC) for fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly associated with the dietary measure, and SOC for exercise was associated with both the three physical activity measures and servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Overall, individual older adult's readiness to change seems largely to be behavior-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip G Clark
- Program in Gerontoloty and Rhode Island Geriatric Education Center, University of Rhode Island, White Hall, 2 Heathman Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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Medek H, Halldorsson T, Gunnarsdottir I, Geirsson RT. Physical activity of relatively high intensity in mid-pregnancy predicts lower glucose tolerance levels. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2016; 95:1055-62. [PMID: 27228200 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) is recommended as part of therapy for patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Whether such recommendations are also justified for pregnant women is less well established. We investigated the association between PA and glucose tolerance in pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS A non-selective sample of 217 pregnant women was recruited at a routine 20 week ultrasound examination. Participants answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) about frequency, intensity and duration of daily physical activity in the past 7 days and underwent oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) between 24 and 28 weeks. A subset of 72 overweight/obese pregnant women wore a pedometer for 1 week with assessment of IPAQ score and pedometric correlations to this. RESULTS Of the sample, 177 attended for OGTT; 51% were overweight or obese. The mean (SD) fasting glucose was 4.5 (0.4) mmol/L, and 12% had gestational diabetes mellitus. Only one-third engaged in vigorous PA. After adjustment for pre-pregnancy BMI, age and parity, those engaging in vigorous PA had significantly lower fasting glucose levels (by 0.15 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.03-0.27) compared with those not vigorously active. This decrease was similar in both normal and overweight/obese women. There were fewer cases of gestational diabetes (p = 0.03) among the vigorously active women (3/56; 5%) than among those who were not active (19/121; 16%). No association with glucose tolerance was observed for physical activity of moderate intensity. CONCLUSIONS Only vigorous physical activity appears beneficial with respect to maternal glucose tolerance, both among normal, overweight and obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Medek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorhallur Halldorsson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Center for Fetal Programming, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir
- School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Reynir T Geirsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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37
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Alegria-Lertxundi I, Alvarez M, Rocandio AM, de Pancorbo MM, Arroyo-Izaga M. Nutritional Adequacy and Diet Quality in Colorectal Cancer Patients Postsurgery: A Pilot Study. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:577-88. [PMID: 27144653 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1158299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that an unhealthy diet is associated with a higher risk of tumor recurrence, metastasis, and death among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The aims of this study were to assess nutritional adequacy and diet quality in a group of CRC patients postsurgery and to identify possible associations between dietary and nutritional aspects and environmental factors and weight status. This was an observational study conducted on a random sample of 74 patients, aged 50-69 years. Dietary intake was evaluated utilizing a validated frequency questionnaire, and diet quality was evaluated utilizing the Healthy Eating Index for Spanish Diet and the MedDietScore. Data regarding socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyles, dietary supplements use, and body mass index were collected. Subjects followed a diet characterized by a low carbohydrate intake (94% of the cases), excessive protein (48%), high fat intake (67%), and some micronutrient deficiencies. The inadequacy of some nutrients was associated with male gender, overweight/obesity, smoking, and low educational level; and low adherence to the MedDiet was identified in those with a low educational level (adjusted odds ratio = 4.16, P < 0.05). Therefore, such patients should be an important target group when applying educational programs and giving individualized nutritional advice to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Alegria-Lertxundi
- a Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Maider Alvarez
- a Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Ana M Rocandio
- a Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain.,b BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- b BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain.,c Department of Zoology and Cellular Biology Animal , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Marta Arroyo-Izaga
- a Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain.,b BIOMICs Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
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Achamrah N, Coëffier M, Déchelotte P. Physical activity in patients with anorexia nervosa. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:301-11. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Loprinzi PD. Association between accelerometer-determined physical activity and flavonoid-rich fruit and vegetable consumption among a national sample of U.S. adults. Prev Med Rep 2015; 3:58-61. [PMID: 26844189 PMCID: PMC4733069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Few population studies have examined the association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and dietary behavior. Further, no studies have systematically examined the association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and flavonoid rich fruits and vegetables in a national sample. As a result, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured physical activity and consumption of flavonoid rich fruits and vegetables among a national sample of U.S. adults. Data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used (N = 2949). Physical activity was measured via accelerometry and fruit and vegetable consumption was measured from the NHANES Food Frequency Questionnaire. After adjustments, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was positively associated (p < 0.05) with apples (β = 0.30), grapes (β = 0.27), strawberries (β = 0.32), oranges (β = 0.35), raw greens (β = 0.19), carrots (β = 0.23), peppers (β = 0.29) and an overall flavonoid index variable (β = 2.34). Future studies employing a longitudinal design are needed to better understand the direction of the observed associations. If future studies do indeed support the possibility that physical activity may help to foster changes in dietary behavior, then this will have strong implications for health behavior interventions, particularly among individuals finding it difficult to change multiple health behaviors concurrently. A national sample was employed. An objective measure of physical activity was used. More active adults consumed more flavonoid-rich fruits/vegetables. Mechanistic work on this topic is needed.
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Associations among Physical Activity, Diet, and Obesity Measures Change during Adolescence. J Nutr Metab 2015; 2015:805065. [PMID: 26539299 PMCID: PMC4619959 DOI: 10.1155/2015/805065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Obesity in youth is highly prevalent. Physical activity and diet are influential in obesity development. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding links between activity and diet quality and their combined influence on obesity during adolescence. Objectives. We used five years of data from 2379 adolescent girls in the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study to evaluate the association between physical activity and diet quality during adolescence and to assess both as correlates of obesity. Design. Diet, activity, and body composition measures were evaluated pairwise for correlation. A canonical correlation analysis was used to evaluate relationships within and between variable groups. All statistics were examined for trends over time. Results. We found positive correlations between physical activity and diet quality that became stronger with age. Additionally we discovered an age-related decrease in association between obesity correlates and body composition. Conclusion. These results suggest that while health behaviors, like diet and activity, become more closely linked during growth, obesity becomes less influenced by health behaviors and other factors. This should motivate focus on juvenile obesity prevention capitalizing on the pliable framework for establishing healthy diet and physical activity patterns while impact on body composition is greatest.
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Dawson IGJ, Dohle S. Towards an understanding of adult judgments of synergistic health benefits. Br J Health Psychol 2015; 21:204-23. [PMID: 26353849 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous scientific studies show that certain combinations of dietary and/or lifestyle factors produce health benefits which are greater than the sum of the benefits associated with each factor alone. To address an existing knowledge gap, we assessed the extent to which individuals understand that certain combinations present these 'synergistic health benefits'. DESIGN Health benefit judgments were obtained from lay adults for a range of dietary and/or lifestyle combinations that have been found to present synergistic benefits. Association between these judgments and socio-cognitive characteristics such as numeracy, education, and health interest (HI) were examined. METHODS Three hundred and fifty-two Swiss adults were presented with a description of one of eight synergistically beneficial combinations. Each participant provided a categorical benefit judgment (i.e., subadditive, additive, or synergistic) for the combination and explained the cognitive reasoning underlying their judgment. Participants completed measures of numeracy and HI. RESULTS The proportion of combinations judged to present a synergistic benefit was modest for 'macro-level' combinations (e.g., diet and exercise), but low for 'micro-level' combinations (e.g., two phytochemicals). Cognitive reasoning data showed that a higher proportion of judgments for micro-level (cf. macro-level) combinations were based on greater subjective epistemic uncertainty. Higher interest in health was associated with a better understanding of synergistic benefits, but numeracy and education level were not. CONCLUSIONS There is considerable scope to improve the extent to which lay adults understand that specific combination of diet and lifestyle behaviours can synergistically benefit their health. Our results enable us to make informed recommendations for public health interventions. STATEMENT OF CONTRIBUTION What is already known on this subject? Combining certain dietary and/or lifestyle factors can result in synergistic health benefits. People could maintain/enhance their health by combining these synergistic combinations. No previous studies have assessed the extent to which people understand that certain factors produce synergistic health benefits. What does this study add? This is the first study to identify that lay awareness of synergistic health benefits could be substantially improved. Neither education level nor numeracy moderate judgments of synergistic benefits, but health interest does. Individuals better understand that broad lifestyle behaviours (cf. specific foods and phytochemicals) are synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G J Dawson
- Centre for Risk Research, Southampton Business School, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Simone Dohle
- Department of Psychology, Social and Economic Cognition I, University of Cologne, Germany
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42
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Association between healthy maternal dietary pattern and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 70:237-42. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Shuval K, Nguyen BT, Yaroch AL, Drope J, Gabriel KP. Accelerometer determined sedentary behavior and dietary quality among US adults. Prev Med 2015; 78:38-43. [PMID: 26141247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scant evidence exists pertaining to objectively measured sedentary time and dietary quality among adults. Therefore, we examined the relationships between sedentary time, physical activity, and dietary quality. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses of a 4,910 US adults from two cycles (2003-2006) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The primary independent variables were sedentary time and physical activity (continuous and categorical), while the outcomes were overall dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010), fruit and vegetable scores, and empty caloric intake (kcal). RESULTS Multivariable analyses revealed that a 1min increase in daily sedentary behavior was associated with a 0.2kcal decrease in empty calories (-0.18, 95% CI=-0.34, -0.03); however, sedentary time was not significantly related to overall dietary quality (HEI) and fruit and vegetable intake. In comparison, a 1min increase in daily moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity was related to a 0.1 higher HEI score (0.08, 95% CI=0.04, 0.11), a 0.01 higher fruit score (0.01, 95% CI=0.01, 0.02), and conversely a 1.3kcal decrease in empty calories (-1.35, 95% CI=-2.01, -0.69). In addition, meeting physical activity guidelines was associated with a 2.8 point higher HEI score (2.82, 95% CI=1.40, 4.25), a 0.5 point higher fruit score (0.51, 95% CI=0.31-0.71), and 37.4 fewer empty calories (-37.43, 95% CI=-64.86, -9.10). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity is significantly related to better overall dietary quality, while sedentary behavior is not. Findings suggest the need to promote physical activity and encourage adherence to dietary guidelines jointly, whereas sedentary behavior and overall dietary quality might need to be targeted independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Shuval
- Intramural Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Binh T Nguyen
- Intramural Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Amy L Yaroch
- The Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE 68114, USA
| | - Jeffrey Drope
- Intramural Research Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Divisions of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, Austin, TX 78701, USA
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Katz ML, Reiter PL, Young GS, Pennell ML, Tatum CM, Paskett ED. Adherence to Multiple Cancer Screening Tests among Women Living in Appalachia Ohio. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1489-94. [PMID: 26282630 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of information about the correlates of completing all three cancer screening tests among women living in Appalachia. METHODS Cross-sectional telephone interviews were conducted (April-September 2013) among women (n = 637) ages 51 to 75 years from 12 Appalachia Ohio counties. Outcomes of within screening guidelines were verified by medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models identified correlates of being within guidelines for all three cancer screening tests. RESULTS Screening rates included mammography (32.1%), Pap test (36.1%), and a colorectal cancer test (30.1%). Only 8.6% of women were within guidelines for all tests. Having had a check-up in the past 2 years and having received a screening recommendation were significantly related to being within guidelines for all three tests (P < 0.01). Participants with higher annual household incomes [$60,000+; OR, 3.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.49-8.33] and conditions requiring regular medical visits (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.29-7.74) were more likely to be within guidelines for all three screening tests. CONCLUSION Less than 10% of women had completed screening within guidelines for all three screening tests. Regular contact with the health care system and higher incomes were significant predictors of being within guidelines. IMPACT Within guidelines rates for the three recommended cancer screening tests are low among women in Appalachia Ohio. This finding illustrates the need for innovative interventions to improve rates of multiple cancer screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira L Katz
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Paul L Reiter
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gregory S Young
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael L Pennell
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Cathy M Tatum
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Electra D Paskett
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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45
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Hanna KL, Collins PF. Relationship between living alone and food and nutrient intake. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:594-611. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Abstract
Socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with measures of diet quality; however, such measures have not directly captured overall eating practices in individuals. Based on the factor analysis of fifty-six food groups from FFQ, associations between patterns of food consumption and SES were examined in a nationwide sample of 17,062 black (34·6%) and white participants (age >45 years) from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, racial group and geographic region were used to examine adherence to five emergent dietary patterns (convenience, plant-based, sweets/fats, southern and alcohol/salads) according to four levels each of individual education, household income and community-level SES. Further models assessed adherence to these dietary patterns by racial group, and an overall model including both racial groups examined whether the relationships between SES and adherence to these dietary patterns differed among black and white participants. For all the three measures of SES, higher SES had been associated with greater adherence to plant-based and alcohol/salads patterns, but lower adherence to sweets/fats and southern patterns. Statistically significant differences between black and white participants were observed in the associations between household income and adherence to alcohol/salads, individual education and adherence to plant-based and sweets/fats, and community SES and adherence to convenience patterns. As adherence to dietary patterns has been shown to be associated with health outcomes in this population (e.g. stroke), the present study offers valuable insight into behavioural and environmental factors that may contribute to health disparities in the diverse US population.
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Emmons KM, Puleo E, Greaney ML, Gillman MW, Bennett GG, Haines J, Sprunck-Harrild K, Viswanath K. A randomized comparative effectiveness study of Healthy Directions 2--a multiple risk behavior intervention for primary care. Prev Med 2014; 64:96-102. [PMID: 24642140 PMCID: PMC4204110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of the Healthy Directions 2 (HD2) intervention in the primary care setting. METHODS HD2 was a cluster randomized trial (conducted 3/09-11/11). The primary sampling unit was provider (n=33), with secondary sampling of patients within provider (n=2440). Study arms included: 1) usual care (UC); 2) HD2--a patient self-guided intervention targeting 5 risk behaviors; and 3) HD2 plus 2 brief telephone coaching calls (HD2+CC). The outcome measure was the proportion of participants with a lower multiple risk behavior (MRB) score by follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, only 4% of the participants met all behavioral recommendations. Both HD2 and HD2+CC led to improvements in MRB score, relative to UC, with no differences between the two HD2 conditions. Twenty-eight percent of the UC participants had improved MRB scores at 6 months, vs. 39% and 43% in HD2 and HD2+CC, respectively (ps≤.001); results were similar at 18 months (p≤.05). The incremental cost of one risk factor reduction in MRB score was $310 for HD2 and $450 for HD2+CC. CONCLUSIONS Self-guided and coached intervention conditions had equivalent levels of effect in reducing multiple chronic disease risk factors, were relatively low cost, and thus are potentially useful for routine implementation in similar health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Emmons
- Kaiser Foundation Research Institute, 1800 Harrison Avenue, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
| | - Elaine Puleo
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew W Gillman
- Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary G Bennett
- Duke University, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Box 90086, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham NC 27708-0086
| | - Jess Haines
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - K Viswanath
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Impact of brisk walking on perceived health evaluated by a novel short questionnaire in sedentary and moderately obese postmenopausal women. Menopause 2014; 20:804-12. [PMID: 23884053 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31827deebb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The first objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of brisk walking on moderately obese (body mass index, 29-35 kg/m) postmenopausal women's perceived health, assessed through a novel short perceived health questionnaire (SPHQ), and to verify whether improvements in six items examined were related to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and/or fat mass changes (study 1). The second objective of this study was to test the SPHQ against validated generic instruments (study 2). METHODS From the 270 women included in study 1, 181 participants were subjected to three 45-minute walking sessions per week at 60% of their heart rate reserve, whereas 58 women remained inactive for 4 months. Perceived health assessed through the SPHQ, body composition, and CRF were determined before and after the 4-month study period. Another sample of 20 women was selected to validate the SPHQ (study 2). RESULTS Despite a lack of between-group differences in the amelioration of four perceived health items, ideal weight and stress level were improved in women subjected to our walking program exclusively (P < 0.0001). Improved perceived healthy balanced diet was positively correlated to fat mass reduction in the walking group (r = 0.15; P < 0.05) only (study 1). The SPHQ shows good reproducibility for five of six items (intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.77 to 0.89; P < 0.0001), and three of them were validated against generic tools (0.45 < r < 0.54; P < 0.05; study 2). CONCLUSIONS Additional studies are needed to more accurately determine the relationships between changes in perceived health and changes in body fatness and/or CRF after endurance training and to continue the validation of the SPHQ.
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Loprinzi PD, Smit E, Mahoney S. Physical activity and dietary behavior in US adults and their combined influence on health. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:190-8. [PMID: 24485132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between objectively measured physical activity and dietary behavior and their combined effect on health. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data for this study were obtained from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles. The data were evaluated between September 9, 2012, and August 14, 2013. As part of the national survey, participants wore an accelerometer for 4 or more days to assess physical activity, blood samples were obtained to assess various biological markers, and interviews were conducted to assess dietary behavior. We selected a sample of 5211 participants and categorized them into 4 groups: (1) healthy diet and active, (2) unhealthy diet and active, (3) healthy diet and inactive, and (4) unhealthy diet and inactive. RESULTS A total of 16.5% of participants (weighted proportions) were classified as consuming a healthy diet and being sufficiently active. After adjustments, participants were 32% more likely to consume a healthy diet if they met physical activity guidelines. For nearly all biomarkers, those who consumed a healthy diet and were sufficiently active had the most favorable biomarker levels. Compared with those who consumed a healthy diet and were active, participants who consumed an unhealthy diet and were inactive were 2.4 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a relationship between objectively measured physical activity and dietary behavior and that participating in regular physical activity and eating a healthy diet are associated with better health outcomes when compared with diet or physical activity alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Exercise Science, Donna and Allan Lansing School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY.
| | - Ellen Smit
- Program in Epidemiology, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Sara Mahoney
- Department of Exercise Science, Donna and Allan Lansing School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY
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Finger JD, Tylleskär T, Lampert T, Mensink GBM. Dietary behaviour and socioeconomic position: the role of physical activity patterns. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78390. [PMID: 24223150 PMCID: PMC3819390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positive association between education level and health outcomes can be partly explained by dietary behaviour. We investigated the associations between education and several indices of food intake and potential influencing factors, placing special emphasis on physical-activity patterns, using a representative sample of the German adult population. METHODS The German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98) involved 7,124 participants aged between 18 and 79. Complete information on the exposure (education) and outcome (nutrition) variables was available for 6,767 persons. The associations between 'education' and indices of 'sugar-rich food', 'fat-rich food', 'fruit-and-vegetable' and 'alcohol' intake were analysed separately for men and women using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios (OR) of education level on nutrition outcomes were calculated and adjusted for age, region (former East/West Germany), occupation, income and other influencing factors such as physical activity indicators. RESULTS Men and women with only a primary education had a more frequent intake of sugar-rich and fat-rich foods and a less frequent intake of fruit and vegetables and alcohol than people with a tertiary education. 'Physical work activity' partly explained the associations between education and sugar-rich food intake. The interference with physical work activity was stronger among men than women. No significant associations between education and energy-dense food intake were observed in the retirement-age group of persons aged 65+ and among persons with low energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS In Germany, adults with a low level of education report that they consume energy-dense foods more frequently - and fruit and vegetables and alcohol less frequently - than adults with a high education level. High levels of physical work activity among adults with a low education level may partly explain why they consume more energy-dense foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas D. Finger
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Thomas Lampert
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert B. M. Mensink
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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