1
|
Zhang M, Zhao C, Zhang M, Mao S, Yang M, Mao Z, Xing X. Influence of reinforcement learning on the inhibitory control of Internet gaming disorder. Psych J 2024. [PMID: 38965885 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Reward processing dysfunction and inhibition control deficiency have been observed in Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, it is still unclear whether the previous reinforcement learning depends on reward/punishment feedback influences on the cognitive inhibitory control of IGD. This study compared the differences between an IGD group and healthy people without game experiences in the probability selection task and the subsequent stop signal task by the method of behavioral experiments, in order to explore whether the reward learning ability is impaired in the IGD group. We also discuss the influence of previous reward learning on subsequent inhibition control. The results showed that (1) during the reward learning phase, the IGD group's accuracy was significantly lower than that of the control group; (2) compared with the control group, the IGD group's reaction times were longer in the transfer phase; (3) for no-go trials of the inhibitory control phase after reward learning, the accuracy of the reward-related stimulation in the IGD group was lower than that of punishment-related or neutral stimulation, but there was no significant difference among the three conditions in the control group. These findings indicated that the reinforcement learning ability of the IGD group was impaired, which further caused the abnormal response to reinforcement stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chenyue Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mao
- Department of Basic Education, Hunan Vocational College for Nationalities, Yueyang, China
| | - Mengyao Yang
- Department of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ziyu Mao
- Department of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoli Xing
- Department of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grodin EN, Baskerville WA, Meredith LR, Nieto S, Ray LA. Reward, relief, and habit drinking profiles in treatment seeking individuals with an AUD. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae032. [PMID: 38725398 PMCID: PMC11082523 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to compare reward, relief, and habit treatment-seeking individuals on recent drinking, alcohol use disorder (AUD) phenomenology, and mood. The second aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive validity of reward, relief, and habit profiles. METHOD Treatment-seeking individuals with an AUD (n = 169) were recruited to participate in a medication trial for AUD (NCT03594435). Reward, relief, and habit drinking groups were assessed using the UCLA Reward Relief Habit Drinking Scale. Group differences at baseline were evaluated using univariate analyses of variance. A subset of participants were enrolled in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled medication trial (n = 102), and provided longitudinal drinking and phenomenology data. The predictive validity of group membership was assessed using linear regression analyses. RESULTS At baseline, individuals who drink primarily for relief had higher craving and negative mood than those who drink for reward and habit. Prospectively, membership in the relief drinking group predicted greater alcohol use, greater heavy drinking, and fewer days abstinent compared to those in the reward drinking group. Membership in the relief drinking group also predicted greater alcohol craving, more alcohol-related consequences, and more anxiety symptoms over 12 weeks compared to those in the reward drinking group. CONCLUSIONS This study provides support for reward and relief drinking motive profiles in treatment-seeking individuals with an AUD. Membership in the relief drinking motive group was predictive of poorer drinking outcomes and more negative symptomology over 12 weeks, indicating that individuals who drink for relief may be a particularly vulnerable sub-population of individuals with AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wave-Ananda Baskerville
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lindsay R Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Steven Nieto
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaplan GB, Thompson BL. Neuroplasticity of the extended amygdala in opioid withdrawal and prolonged opioid abstinence. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1253736. [PMID: 38044942 PMCID: PMC10690374 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1253736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is characterized by excessive use of opioids, inability to control its use, a withdrawal syndrome upon discontinuation of opioids, and long-term likelihood of relapse. The behavioral stages of opioid addiction correspond with affective experiences that characterize the opponent process view of motivation. In this framework, active involvement is accompanied by positive affective experiences which gives rise to "reward craving," whereas the opponent process, abstinence, is associated with the negative affective experiences that produce "relief craving." Relief craving develops along with a hypersensitization to the negatively reinforcing aspects of withdrawal during abstinence from opioids. These negative affective experiences are hypothesized to stem from neuroadaptations to a network of affective processing called the "extended amygdala." This negative valence network includes the three core structures of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and the nucleus accumbens shell (NAc shell), in addition to major inputs from the basolateral amygdala (BLA). To better understand the major components of this system, we have reviewed their functions, inputs and outputs, along with the associated neural plasticity in animal models of opioid withdrawal. These models demonstrate the somatic, motivational, affective, and learning related models of opioid withdrawal and abstinence. Neuroadaptations in these stress and motivational systems are accompanied by negative affective and aversive experiences that commonly give rise to relapse. CeA neuroplasticity accounts for many of the aversive and fear-related effects of opioid withdrawal via glutamatergic plasticity and changes to corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)-containing neurons. Neuroadaptations in BNST pre-and post-synaptic GABA-containing neurons, as well as their noradrenergic modulation, may be responsible for a variety of aversive affective experiences and maladaptive behaviors. Opioid withdrawal yields a hypodopaminergic and amotivational state and results in neuroadaptive increases in excitability of the NAc shell, both of which are associated with increased vulnerability to relapse. Finally, BLA transmission to hippocampal and cortical regions impacts the perception of conditioned aversive effects of opioid withdrawal by higher executive systems. The prevention or reversal of these varied neuroadaptations in the extended amygdala during opioid withdrawal could lead to promising new interventions for this life-threatening condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary B Kaplan
- Mental Health Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moura Alves Seixas G, de Souza Freitas R, Ferreira Fratelli C, de Souza Silva CM, Ramos de Lima L, Morato Stival M, Schwerz Funghetto S, Rodrigues da Silva IC. MAOA uVNTR Polymorphism Influence on Older Adults Diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus/Systemic Arterial Hypertension. J Aging Res 2023; 2023:8538027. [PMID: 37533936 PMCID: PMC10393510 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8538027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is involved in several biological processes associated with well-being and mental health, and alterations in its function might directly impact various mental disorders. Some mental disorders concomitantly occur in individuals with clinical characteristics, such as substance abuse and diabetes. Objective To analyze the functional MAOA uVNTR polymorphism genotype frequency in an older adult population with diabetes mellitus/arterial hypertension and associate this frequency with clinical characteristics impacting daily life. Methodology. Older adults diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, or both (DM/SAH) were selected and had their MAOA gene genotyped for uVNTR polymorphism. The revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a questionnaire were also applied to determine their mental health and clinical characteristics. Results The allelic variants detected among the participants were the 2R, 3R, 4R, and 3R/4R heterozygous genotypes. Genotypes solely containing the 3R allele had patients who marked yes for smoking and alcoholism, and only those with the 3R genotypes (female 3R/3R homozygote or male 3R∗ hemizygote) were significant. Although not statistically significant, only 3R and 3R/4R genotypes presented cases of severe depression per the revised BDI interpretations. Conclusion The MAOA uVNTR polymorphism's low-activity 3R allele presence in an older adult population diagnosed with DM/SAH may represent a risk for developing substance use (alcohol and smoking) dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Moura Alves Seixas
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Renata de Souza Freitas
- University Center of Brasília (UniCEUB), Brasília, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Caroline Ferreira Fratelli
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marina Morato Stival
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rivera-Irizarry JK, Hámor PU, Rowson SA, Asfouri J, Liu D, Zallar LJ, Garcia AF, Skelly MJ, Pleil KE. Valence and salience encoding by parallel circuits from the paraventricular thalamus to the nucleus accumbens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547570. [PMID: 37461604 PMCID: PMC10349961 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The anterior and posterior subregions of the paraventricular thalamus (aPVT and pPVT, respectively) play unique roles in learned behaviors, from fear conditioning to alcohol/drug intake, potentially through differentially organized projections to limbic brain regions including the nucleus accumbens medial shell (mNAcSh). Here, we found that the aPVT projects broadly to the mNAcSh and that the aPVT-mNAcSh circuit encodes positive valence, such that in vivo manipulations of the circuit modulated both innately programmed and learned behavioral responses to positively and negatively valenced stimuli, particularly in females. Further, the endogenous activity of aPVT presynaptic terminals in the mNAcSh was greater in response to positively than negatively valenced stimuli, and the probability of synaptic glutamate release from aPVT neurons in the mNAcSh was higher in females than males. In contrast, we found that the pPVT-mNAcSh circuit encodes stimulus salience regardless of valence. While pPVT-mNAcSh circuit inhibition suppressed behavioral responses in both sexes, circuit activation increased behavioral responses to stimuli only in males. Our results point to circuit-specific stimulus feature encoding by parallel PVT-mNAcSh circuits that have sex-dependent biases in organization and function.
Collapse
|
6
|
You DS, Rassu FS, Meagher MW. Emotion regulation strategies moderate the impact of negative affect induction on alcohol craving in college drinkers: an experimental paradigm. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1538-1546. [PMID: 34242551 PMCID: PMC8785966 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1942884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Observational studies suggest emotion regulation (ER) as a potential treatment target for problematic college drinking. The primary aim of this laboratory study was to determine whether trait ER strategies would moderate the impact of negative affect induction on alcohol craving in college drinkers. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to a neutral (n = 74) or a negative affect induction (n = 76) and reported their craving after the affect inductions. Results: Greater use of drinking to cope and less use of cognitive reappraisal predicted greater alcohol craving after the negative affect induction, but not after the neutral condition. In contrast, emotion suppression did not predict alcohol craving in either condition. Conclusion: Our results highlight the role of ER tendencies-particularly the benefits of cognitive reappraisal-on alcohol craving when experiencing emotional distress. Therefore, ER strategies may be an important target for college drinkers to prevent and reduce problematic drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dokyoung S. You
- 230 Psychology Building, Department of psychological & Brain Sciences, 4235 TAMU College Station, TX 77843-4235
| | - Fenan S. Rassu
- 230 Psychology Building, Department of psychological & Brain Sciences, 4235 TAMU College Station, TX 77843-4235
| | - Mary W. Meagher
- 230 Psychology Building, Department of psychological & Brain Sciences, 4235 TAMU College Station, TX 77843-4235
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dyar C, Lee CM, Rhew IC, Kaysen D. Sexual minority stress and substance use: An investigation of when and under what circumstances minority stress predicts alcohol and cannabis use at the event-level. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2023; 132:475-489. [PMID: 36931822 PMCID: PMC10164110 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority women and gender diverse (SMWGD) individuals are at elevated risk for alcohol and cannabis use disorders compared with cisgender, heterosexual women. This has been attributed to the unique stressors that SMWGD experience (i.e., sexual minority stress); however, recent studies have found mixed evidence for a link between sexual minority stress and substance use. The current manuscript introduces and tests a novel theoretical model derived from integrating minority stress theory and the multistage model of drug addiction to explain these mixed findings. We used data from a 30-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study of substance use among SMWGD to determine whether event-level associations between enacted stigma (bias from others) and same-/next-day alcohol and cannabis use are dependent on an individual's typical pattern of substance use (e.g., frequency, quantity, motives, and substance use disorder [SUD] symptoms). Findings indicate that enacted stigma predicted an increased likelihood of alcohol and cannabis use among those who used frequently and those who had a probable alcohol or cannabis use disorder and predicted a decreased likelihood of use among those who used less frequently. Enacted stigma also predicted cannabis (but not alcohol) use among those who reported high coping motives for use. Findings provide initial evidence in support of an integrated model of minority stress theory and the multistage model of drug addiction. Findings suggest that alcohol and cannabis use disorder interventions for SMWGD would benefit from addressing sexual minority stress and coping skill-building. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine M. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Isaac C. Rhew
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Georgakouli K, Manthou E, Fatouros IG, Deli CK, Koutedakis Y, Theodorakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. HPA-Axis Activity and Nutritional Status Correlation in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234978. [PMID: 36501008 PMCID: PMC9739565 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) is evident in alcohol use disorder (AUD), and may be implicated in various nutritional and metabolic alterations often seen in individuals with this disorder. The present study examined a possible correlation between HPA-axis activity and nutritional status components in individuals with AUD. Fourteen AUD and fourteen non-AUD males participated; anthropometric and body composition measurements were made, and fasting blood samples were analysed for plasma adrenal corticotropic hormone (ACTH), catecholamines, cortisol and beta-endorphin. Nutrient intake was estimated via a three-day diet record. Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were increased in the AUD group. Thiamine and folic intake were lower in AUD group, although only folic acid intake was insufficient in both AUD and non-AUD groups. Increased epinephrine and norepinephrine were also observed in AUD group compared to non-AUD group. No clear correlation between HPA-axis activity and nutritional status components was found. This study showed that nutrient intake, body composition, and HPA-axis activity were different among AUD and non-AUD individuals. More research on the correlation between nutritional status and HPA-axis activity in AUD individuals should be conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Georgakouli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Eirini Manthou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Ioannis G. Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Chariklia K. Deli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Yannis Theodorakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30−24310−47054
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodriguez L, Kirson D, Wolfe SA, Patel RR, Varodayan FP, Snyder AE, Gandhi PJ, Khom S, Vlkolinsky R, Bajo M, Roberto M. Alcohol Dependence Induces CRF Sensitivity in Female Central Amygdala GABA Synapses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7842. [PMID: 35887190 PMCID: PMC9318832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronically relapsing disease characterized by loss of control in seeking and consuming alcohol (ethanol) driven by the recruitment of brain stress systems. However, AUD differs among the sexes: men are more likely to develop AUD, but women progress from casual to binge drinking and heavy alcohol use more quickly. The central amygdala (CeA) is a hub of stress and anxiety, with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-CRF1 receptor and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-ergic signaling dysregulation occurring in alcohol-dependent male rodents. However, we recently showed that GABAergic synapses in female rats are less sensitive to the acute effects of ethanol. Here, we used patch-clamp electrophysiology to examine the effects of alcohol dependence on the CRF modulation of rat CeA GABAergic transmission of both sexes. We found that GABAergic synapses of naïve female rats were unresponsive to CRF application compared to males, although alcohol dependence induced a similar CRF responsivity in both sexes. In situ hybridization revealed that females had fewer CeA neurons containing mRNA for the CRF1 receptor (Crhr1) than males, but in dependence, the percentage of Crhr1-expressing neurons in females increased, unlike in males. Overall, our data provide evidence for sexually dimorphic CeA CRF system effects on GABAergic synapses in dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larry Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Dean Kirson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sarah A. Wolfe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Reesha R. Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Florence P. Varodayan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Angela E. Snyder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Pauravi J. Gandhi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Sophia Khom
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Vlkolinsky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Michal Bajo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.R.); (S.A.W.); (R.R.P.); (F.P.V.); (A.E.S.); (P.J.G.); (S.K.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lovelock DF, Nguyen T, Van Voorhies K, Zhang Y, Besheer J. RTICBM-74 Is a Brain-Penetrant Cannabinoid Receptor Subtype 1 Allosteric Modulator that Reduces Alcohol Intake in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 380:153-161. [PMID: 34930820 PMCID: PMC11047052 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is implicated in the neuronal mechanisms of alcohol use disorder (AUD), with the cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 (CB1) representing a promising target for AUD therapeutic interventions. We have previously shown negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of the CB1 receptor attenuated the reinstatement of other drugs of abuse including cocaine and methamphetamine in rats; however, their effects on alcohol-related behaviors have not been investigated. Here, we tested the pharmacokinetic properties of one such CB1 NAM, RTICBM-74, and its effects on alcohol self-administration in rats. RTICBM-74 showed low aqueous solubility and high protein binding but had excellent half-life and low clearance against rat liver microsomes and hepatocytes, and excellent brain penetrance in rats. RTICBM-74 pretreatment specifically reduced alcohol intake across a range of doses in male or female Wistar or Long-Evans rats that were trained to self-administer alcohol. These effects were similar to the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant, which was tested as a positive control. Importantly, RTICBM-74 was effective at reducing alcohol intake at doses that did not affect locomotion or sucrose self-administration. Our findings suggest that CB1 NAMs such as RTICBM-74 have promising therapeutic potential in treatment of AUD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The present work shows that a metabolically stable and brain-penetrant cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 negative allosteric modulator reduces alcohol self-administration in rats without affecting locomotion or sucrose self-administration, suggesting potential therapeutic relevance for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis F Lovelock
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (D.F.L., K.V.V., J.B.) and Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.N., Y.Z.)
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (D.F.L., K.V.V., J.B.) and Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.N., Y.Z.)
| | - Kalynn Van Voorhies
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (D.F.L., K.V.V., J.B.) and Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.N., Y.Z.)
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (D.F.L., K.V.V., J.B.) and Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.N., Y.Z.)
| | - Joyce Besheer
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (D.F.L., K.V.V., J.B.) and Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.N., Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grinevich VP, Krupitsky EM, Gainetdinov RR, Budygin EA. Linking Ethanol-Addictive Behaviors With Brain Catecholamines: Release Pattern Matters. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:795030. [PMID: 34975429 PMCID: PMC8716449 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.795030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a variety of animal models that simulate key features of the alcohol use disorder (AUD), remarkable progress has been made in identifying neurochemical targets that may contribute to the development of alcohol addiction. In this search, the dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) systems have been long thought to play a leading role in comparison with other brain systems. However, just recent development and application of optogenetic approaches into the alcohol research field provided opportunity to identify neuronal circuits and specific patterns of neurotransmission that govern the key components of ethanol-addictive behaviors. This critical review summarizes earlier findings, which initially disclosed catecholamine substrates of ethanol actions in the brain and shows how the latest methodologies help us to reveal the significance of DA and NE release changes. Specifically, we focused on recent optogenetic investigations aimed to reveal cause-effect relationships between ethanol-drinking (seeking and taking) behaviors and catecholamine dynamics in distinct brain pathways. These studies gain the knowledge that is needed for the better understanding addiction mechanisms and, therefore, for development of more effective AUD treatments. Based on the reviewed findings, new messages for researches were indicated, which may have broad applications beyond the field of alcohol addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Grinevich
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| | - Evgeny M Krupitsky
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Clinical Psychopharmacology of Addictions, St.-Petersburg First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine and St. Petersburg State University Hospital, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Budygin
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Czarnecki D, Ziółkowski M, Chodkiewicz J, Długosz A, Feldheim J, Waszkiewicz N, Kułak-Bejda A, Gorzkiewicz M, Budzyński J, Junkiert-Czarnecka A, Siomek-Górecka A, Nicpoń K, Kawala-Sterniuk A, Ferri R, Pelc M, Walecki P, Laskowska E, Gorzelańczyk EJ. Initial Study on COMT and DRD2 Gene Polymorphisms as Well as the Influence of Temperament and Character Trait on the Severity of Alcohol Craving in Alcohol-Dependent Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245892. [PMID: 34945190 PMCID: PMC8704345 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this work was to determine the impact of COMT and DRD2 gene polymorphisms together with temperament and character traits on alcohol craving severity alcohol-dependent persons. The sample comprised of 89 men and 16 women (aged 38±7). For the sake of psychological assessment various analytic methods have been applied like the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD), Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) or Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) test. The SNP polymorphism of the analyzed genes was determined by Real Time PCR test. The results showed, that the COMT polymorphismmay have an indirected relationship with the intensity and changes in alcohol craving during abstinence. The DRD2 receptor gene polymorphisms are related with the intensity of alcohol craving. It seems that the character traits like “self-targeting”, including “self-acceptance”, are more closely related to the severity of alcohol craving and polymorphic changes in the DRD2 receptor than temperamental traits. Although this is a pilot study the obtained results appeared to be promising and clearly indicate the link betweengene polymorphisms alcohol craving and its severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Czarnecki
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Ignacego Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.K.-S.)
| | - Marcin Ziółkowski
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Ignacego Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
| | - Jan Chodkiewicz
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, University of Lodz, ul. Smugowa 10/12, 91-433 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Anna Długosz
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, ul. Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Joanna Feldheim
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Science and Technology, ul. Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (N.W.); (A.K.-B.)
| | - Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (N.W.); (A.K.-B.)
| | - Marta Gorzkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Justice, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Budzyński
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Anna Junkiert-Czarnecka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Siomek-Górecka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Nicpoń
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Ignacego Łukasiewicza 1, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.Z.); (K.N.)
| | - Aleksandra Kawala-Sterniuk
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (A.K.-S.)
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Oasi Research Institute IRCCS, Via C. Ruggero, 73, 94018 Troina, Italy;
| | - Mariusz Pelc
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland;
- School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, UK
| | - Piotr Walecki
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 7, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Ewa Laskowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Jagiellońska 15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Edward Jacek Gorzelańczyk
- Department of Theoretical Basis of BioMedical Sciences and Medical Informatics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Jagiellońska 15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Institute of Philosophy, Kazimierz Wielki University, ul. Ogińskiego 16, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Babinski Specialist Psychiatric Healthcare Center, Outpatient Addiction Treatment, ul. Aleksandrowska 159, 91-229 Łódź, Poland
- The Society for the Substitution Treatment of Addiction “Medically Assisted Recovery”, ul. Rzeźniackiego 1D, 85-791 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miguel-Hidalgo JJ. Astroglia in the Vulnerability and Maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 26:255-279. [PMID: 34888838 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes induced in the morphology and the multiplicity of functional roles played by astrocytes in brain regions critical to the establishment and maintenance of alcohol abuse suggest that they make an important contribution to the vulnerability to alcohol use disorders. The understanding of the relevant mechanisms accounting for that contribution is complicated by the fact that alcohol itself acts directly on astrocytes altering their metabolism, gene expression, and plasticity, so that the ultimate result is a complex interaction of various cellular pathways, including intracellular calcium regulation, neuroimmune responses, and regulation of neurotransmitter and gliotransmitter release and uptake. The recent years have seen a steady increase in the characterization of several of the relevant mechanisms, but much remains to be done for a full understanding of the astrocytes' contribution to the vulnerability to alcohol dependence and abuse and for using that knowledge in designing effective therapies for AUDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Miguel-Hidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alderson Myers AB, Arienzo D, Molnar SM, Marinkovic K. Local and network-level dysregulation of error processing is associated with binge drinking. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102879. [PMID: 34768146 PMCID: PMC8591397 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Go/NoGo performance does not differ between binge (BDs) and light drinkers. BDs show greater BOLD activity to inhibition errors primarily in prefrontal areas. Greater functional connectivity in the frontal cortex correlates with drinking. Observed increase in error-related activity may serve a compensatory role. This is consistent with allostatic hyperexcitability reflecting neuroadaptation.
Binge drinking refers to the pattern of alcohol consumption that brings blood alcohol levels to or above legal intoxication levels. Commonly practiced by young adults, it is associated with neurofunctional alterations, raising health-related concerns. Executive deficits may contribute to the inability to refrain from excessive alcohol intake. As a facet of cognitive control, error processing allows for flexible modification of behavior to optimize future outcomes. It is highly relevant to addiction research, as a failure to inhibit excessive drinking results in relapses, which is a hallmark of alcohol use disorder. However, research on local and system-level neural underpinnings of inhibition failures as a function of binge drinking is limited. To address these gaps, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine local changes and interregional functional connectivity during response inhibition errors on a Go/NoGo task. Young adult binge drinkers (BDs) performed equally well as light drinkers (LDs), a group of demographically matched individuals who drink regularly but in low-risk patterns. In contrast, BDs exhibited greater fMRI activity to inhibition errors contrasted with correct NoGo trials in the rostral anterior (rACC) and posterior cingulate cortices (PCC), as well as right middle frontal gyrus (R-MFG). Furthermore, BDs showed increased connectivity between the rACC and right lateral prefrontal cortex, in addition to greater connectivity between the R-MFG and the left ventrolateral and superior frontal cortices. Imaging indices were positively correlated only with alcohol-related measures, but not with those related to moods, disposition, or cognitive capacity. Taken together, greater error-related activity and expanded functional connectivity among prefrontal regions may serve a compensatory role to maintain efficiency of inhibitory control. Aligned with prominent models of addiction, these findings accentuate the importance of top-down control in maintaining low-risk drinking levels. They provide insight into potentially early signs of deteriorating cognitive control functions in BDs and may help guide intervention strategies aimed at preventing excessive drinking habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin B Alderson Myers
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Donatello Arienzo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Sean M Molnar
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
George BE, Barth SH, Kuiper LB, Holleran KM, Lacy RT, Raab-Graham KF, Jones SR. Enhanced heroin self-administration and distinct dopamine adaptations in female rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1724-1733. [PMID: 34040157 PMCID: PMC8358024 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that females are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of drugs of abuse, including opioids. Additionally, rates of heroin-related deaths substantially increased in females from 1999 to 2017 [1], underscoring the need to evaluate sex differences in heroin vulnerability. Moreover, the neurobiological substrates underlying sexually dimorphic responding to heroin are not fully defined. Thus, we evaluated male and female Long Evans rats on acquisition, dose-responsiveness, and seeking for heroin self-administration (SA) as well as using a long access model to assess escalation of intake at low and high doses of heroin, 0.025 and 0.1 mg/kg/inf, respectively. We paired this with ex vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in the medial nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and quantification of mu-opioid receptor (MOR) protein in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and NAc. While males and females had similar heroin SA acquisition rates, females displayed increased responding and intake across doses, seeking for heroin, and escalation on long access. However, we found that males and females had similar expression levels of MORs in the VTA and NAc, regardless of heroin exposure. FSCV results revealed that heroin exposure did not change single-pulse elicited dopamine release, but caused an increase in dopamine transporter activity in both males and females compared to their naïve counterparts. Phasic-like stimulations elicited robust increases in dopamine release in heroin-exposed females compared to heroin-naïve females, with no differences seen in males. Together, our results suggest that differential adaptations of dopamine terminals may underlie the increased heroin SA behaviors seen in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E. George
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Samuel H. Barth
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Lindsey B. Kuiper
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Katherine M. Holleran
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Ryan T. Lacy
- grid.256069.eDepartment of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA USA
| | - Kimberly F. Raab-Graham
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Sara R. Jones
- grid.241167.70000 0001 2185 3318Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chichetto NE, Kundu S, Freiberg MS, Koethe JR, Butt AA, Crystal S, So-Armah KA, Cook RL, Braithwaite RS, Justice AC, Fiellin DA, Khan M, Bryant KJ, Gaither JR, Barve SS, Crothers K, Bedimo RJ, Warner A, Tindle HA. Association of Syndemic Unhealthy Alcohol Use, Smoking, and Depressive Symptoms on Incident Cardiovascular Disease among Veterans With and Without HIV-Infection. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:2852-2862. [PMID: 34101074 PMCID: PMC8376776 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy alcohol use, smoking, and depressive symptoms are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Little is known about their co-occurrence - termed a syndemic, defined as the synergistic effect of two or more conditions-on CVD risk in people with HIV (PWH). We used data from 5621 CVD-free participants (51% PWH) in the Veteran's Aging Cohort Study-8, a prospective, observational study of veterans followed from 2002 to 2014 to assess the association between this syndemic and incident CVD by HIV status. Diagnostic codes identified cases of CVD (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and coronary revascularization). Validated measures of alcohol use, smoking, and depressive symptoms were used. Baseline number of syndemic conditions was categorized (0, 1, ≥ 2 conditions). Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards regressions estimated risk of the syndemic (≥ 2 conditions) on incident CVD by HIV-status. There were 1149 cases of incident CVD (52% PWH) during the follow-up (median 10.1 years). Of the total sample, 64% met our syndemic definition. The syndemic was associated with greater risk for incident CVD among PWH (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.87 [1.47-2.38], p < 0.001) and HIV-negative veterans (HR 1.70 [1.35-2.13], p < 0.001), compared to HIV-negative with zero conditions. Among those with the syndemic, CVD risk was not statistically significantly higher among PWH vs. HIV-negative (HR 1.10 [0.89, 1.37], p = .38). Given the high prevalence of this syndemic combined with excess risk of CVD, these findings support linked-screening and treatment efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Chichetto
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Office 315, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Office 315, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Matthew S Freiberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Office 315, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John R Koethe
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Office 315, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Adeel A Butt
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, Doha, USA
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stephen Crystal
- Health Care Policy, and Aging Research and School of Social Work, Institute for Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kaku A So-Armah
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert L Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, Colleges of Public Health and Health Professions and Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - R Scott Braithwaite
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A Fiellin
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maria Khan
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kendall J Bryant
- National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie R Gaither
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shirish S Barve
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Roger J Bedimo
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alberta Warner
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CT, USA
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Office 315, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thompson BL, Maleki N, Kelly JF, Sy KTL, Oscar-Berman M. Brain, behavioral, affective, and sex correlates of recovery from alcohol use disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1578-1595. [PMID: 34432298 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery from alcohol use disorders (AUDs) consists of salutary changes in behavior and affect. While evidence suggests that recovery-related behavioral changes, such as abstinence, emerge in tandem with both neural and affective changes, the precise relationships among these changes are unknown. To understand these relationships, we examined associations between the duration of abstinence (DOA), affective states, and neuroimaging-based structural measures of the brain reward system (BRS) in AUD men (AUDM ) and AUD women (AUDW ). METHODS Participants were community respondents from the Boston area comprising right-handed abstinent individuals with AUD (n = 60; 30 men) and controls without AUD (NC; n = 60; 29 men). Multivariate linear regressions compared short-/mid-term abstainers (≤5 years), long-term abstainers (>5 years), and the NC group on measures of BRS volume (3T magnetic resonance imaging scans) and measures of affect (Profile of Mood States [POMS]; Multiple Affect Adjective Check List [MAACL]; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD]). Analyses contrasted sex differences and accounted for age, education, drinking severity, and verbal IQ. RESULTS Compared to the NC group, short-/mid-term abstainers exhibited larger posterior insular volume (total (β = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.034)), higher negative affect (POMS Mood Disturbance (β = 27.8, 95% CI: 11.56, 44.04), and lower positive affect (POMS Vigor (β = -4.89, 95% CI: -9.06, -0.72)). Compared to the NC group, Long-term abstainers exhibited significantly smaller volumes of aggregate anterior cingulate cortex (β = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.113, -0.008) and higher HRSD scores (β = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.14, 2.98). Relative to AUDM , AUDW exhibited significantly larger right anterior insular volumes (β = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06) and significantly greater MAACL Positive Affect scores (β = 7.56, 95% CI: 0.59, 11.55) in association with DOA. CONCLUSIONS We found that differences in abstinence from alcohol were correlated with differences in both neural recovery and affective dimensions of recovery from AUDs. The observed sex differences extend evidence of dimorphic effects of AUDs and recovery on brain structure and function. Future longitudinal research will test inferences concerning the directionality of these relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Thompson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Psychology Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nasim Maleki
- Psychology Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John F Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karla Therese L Sy
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Psychology Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Park CI, Kim HW, Hwang SS, Kang JI, Kim SJ. Influence of dopamine-related genes on craving, impulsivity, and aggressiveness in Korean males with alcohol use disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:865-872. [PMID: 31559529 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is a major neuromodulator that is acutely involved in various cognitive processes, reward-motivated behaviors, and impulsivity. Abnormality in dopaminergic neurotransmission is implicated in the pathophysiology of alcohol use disorder (AUD). The present study examined the genetic influence of dopamine system on problematic drinking, impulsivity, and aggressiveness in a Korean male population with AUD. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4532 in DRD1, rs2283265 in DRD2, rs6280 in DRD3, rs1800497 in ANKK1, and rs4680 in COMT) and a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) in DAT1 in 295 male patients with AUD were genotyped. For AUD-related clinical characteristics, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) were used to assess the severity of hazardous drinking and craving symptoms, respectively. Participants also completed the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Analyses were performed using R package SNPassoc; statistical significance was set as p < 0.0083 after Bonferroni correction. A significant association was detected between DRD3 SNP rs6280 and OCDS scores. In regard to impulsivity and aggressiveness, rs4532 of DRD1 was significantly associated with UPPS-P score. Also, rs4532 demonstrated a nominally significant association with BPAQ score, although it did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Results of this study support the idea that genetic variations in the dopamine system may contribute to alcohol cravings and impulsivity in patients with AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Il Park
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Education, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Syung Shick Hwang
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kang
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vázquez-León P, Miranda-Páez A, Chávez-Reyes J, Allende G, Barragán-Iglesias P, Marichal-Cancino BA. The Periaqueductal Gray and Its Extended Participation in Drug Addiction Phenomena. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1493-1509. [PMID: 34302618 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a complex mesencephalic structure involved in the integration and execution of active and passive self-protective behaviors against imminent threats, such as immobility or flight from a predator. PAG activity is also associated with the integration of responses against physical discomfort (e.g., anxiety, fear, pain, and disgust) which occurs prior an imminent attack, but also during withdrawal from drugs such as morphine and cocaine. The PAG sends and receives projections to and from other well-documented nuclei linked to the phenomenon of drug addiction including: (i) the ventral tegmental area; (ii) extended amygdala; (iii) medial prefrontal cortex; (iv) pontine nucleus; (v) bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; and (vi) hypothalamus. Preclinical models have suggested that the PAG contributes to the modulation of anxiety, fear, and nociception (all of which may produce physical discomfort) linked with chronic exposure to drugs of abuse. Withdrawal produced by the major pharmacological classes of drugs of abuse is mediated through actions that include participation of the PAG. In support of this, there is evidence of functional, pharmacological, molecular. And/or genetic alterations in the PAG during the impulsive/compulsive intake or withdrawal from a drug. Due to its small size, it is difficult to assess the anatomical participation of the PAG when using classical neuroimaging techniques, so its physiopathology in drug addiction has been underestimated and poorly documented. In this theoretical review, we discuss the involvement of the PAG in drug addiction mainly via its role as an integrator of responses to the physical discomfort associated with drug withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Vázquez-León
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Abraham Miranda-Páez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu esq. Manuel Stampa s/n Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, 07738, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Allende
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico
| | - Paulino Barragán-Iglesias
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico.
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, 20131, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Binge drinking is associated with altered resting state functional connectivity of reward-salience and top down control networks. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1731-1746. [PMID: 31073695 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is characterized by bouts of high-intensity alcohol intake and is associated with an array of health-related harms. Even though the transition from occasional impulsive to addictive alcohol use is not well understood, neurobiological models of addiction suggest that repeated cycles of intoxication and withdrawal contribute to the development of addiction in part through dysregulation of neurofunctional networks. Research on the neural sequelae associated with binge drinking is scant but resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) studies of alcohol use disorders (AUD) indicate that the development and maintenance of long-term excessive drinking may be mediated by network-level disruptions. The present study examined RSFC in young adult binge (BD) and light (LD) drinkers with seeds representing the networks subserving reward (the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus), salience (anterior cingulate cortex, ACC), and executive control (inferior frontal cortex, IFC). BDs exhibited enhanced connectivity between the striatal reward areas and the orbitofrontal cortex and the ACC, which is consistent with AUD studies and may be indicative of alcohol-motivated appetitive behaviors. Conversely, BDs demonstrated lower connectivity between the IFC and hippocampus which was associated with higher craving. This may indicate impaired ability to suppress unwanted thoughts and a failure to employ memory of the harmful consequences of heavy drinking in prospective plans and intentions. The observed greater connectivity of the reward/salience network and the lower prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity were associated with hazardous drinking levels indicating that dysregulation of neurofunctional networks may underlie binge drinking patterns.
Collapse
|
21
|
Effect of ethanol and cocaine on [ 11C]MPC-6827 uptake in SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3871-3876. [PMID: 33880672 PMCID: PMC8172511 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are structural units in the cytoskeleton. In brain cells they are responsible for axonal transport, information processing, and signaling mechanisms. Proper function of these processes is critical for healthy brain functions. Alcohol and substance use disorders (AUD/SUDs) affects the function and organization of MTs in the brain, making them a potential neuroimaging marker to study the resulting impairment of overall neurobehavioral and cognitive processes. Our lab reported the first brain-penetrant MT-tracking Positron Emission Tomography (PET) ligand [11C]MPC-6827 and demonstrated its in vivo utility in rodents and non-human primates. To further explore the in vivo imaging potential of [11C]MPC-6827, we need to investigate its mechanism of action. Here, we report preliminary in vitro binding results in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to ethanol (EtOH) or cocaine in combination with multiple agents that alter MT stability. EtOH and cocaine treatments increased MT stability and decreased free tubulin monomers. Our initial cell-binding assay demonstrated that [11C]MPC-6827 may have high affinity to free/unbound tubulin units. Consistent with this mechanism of action, we observed lower [11C]MPC-6827 uptake in SH-SY5Y cells after EtOH and cocaine treatments (e.g., fewer free tubulin units). We are currently performing in vivo PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in rodent and nonhuman primate models of AUD and SUDs and Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
22
|
Effect of Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonism on Alcohol Self-Administration in Genetically-Selected Marchigian Sardinian Alcohol-Preferring and Non-Preferring Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084184. [PMID: 33920737 PMCID: PMC8073469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholism is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by high alcohol intake and a negative emotional state during abstinence, which contributes to excessive drinking and susceptibility to relapse. Stress, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and alterations in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function have been linked to transition from recreational consumption to alcohol use disorder (AUD). Here, we investigated the effect of pharmacological antagonisms of GR on alcohol self-administration (SA) using male and female Wistar and Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats, a rodent line genetically selected for excessive alcohol drinking and highly sensitive to stress. Animals were trained to self-administer 10% (v/v) alcohol. Once a stable alcohol SA baseline was reached, we tested the effect of the GR antagonists mifepristone (0.0, 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg; i.p.) and CORT113176 (0.0, 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg) on alcohol SA. To evaluate whether the effects of the two compounds were specific for alcohol, the two drugs were tested on a similar saccharin SA regimen. Finally, basal blood corticosterone (CORT) levels before and after alcohol SA were determined. Systemic injection with mifepristone dose-dependently reduced alcohol SA in male and female Wistars but not in msPs. Administration of CORT113176 decreased alcohol SA in male and female Wistars as well as in female msPs but not in male msP rats. At the highest dose, mifepristone also reduced saccharin SA in male Wistars and female msPs, suggesting the occurrence of some nonspecific effects at 60 mg/kg of the drug. Similarly, the highest dose of CORT113176 (60 mg/kg) decreased saccharin intake in male Wistars. Analysis of CORT levels revealed that females of both rat lines had higher blood levels of CORT compared to males. Alcohol consumption reduced CORT in females but not in males. Overall, these findings indicate that selective blockade of GR selectively reduces alcohol SA, and genetically selected msP rats are less sensitive to this pharmacological manipulation compared to heterogeneous Wistars. Moreover, results suggest sex differences in response to GR antagonism and the ability of alcohol to regulate GR transmission.
Collapse
|
23
|
Gunn C, Fairchild G, Verster JC, Adams S. The Effects of Alcohol Hangover on Response Inhibition and Attentional Bias towards Alcohol-Related Stimuli. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:373. [PMID: 33800637 PMCID: PMC8066827 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol hangover is associated with the development of alcohol use disorders, yet few studies have examined the influence of hangover on cognitive processes that may contribute towards future alcohol consumption such as response inhibition and attentional bias towards alcohol-related stimuli. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the effects of hangover on these processes. In total, 37 adult drinkers who reported regularly engaging in heavy episodic drinking and experiencing a hangover at least once in the previous month took part in this within-subjects, "naturalistic" crossover study. Participants completed Go/No-Go (assessing response inhibition) and Visual Dot Probe (attentional bias) tasks in a hangover condition (morning following alcohol consumption) and a no-hangover condition (no alcohol consumption for at least 24 h). Participants also completed measures of hangover severity, mood, and perceived mental effort. Results indicated impaired response inhibition during hangover compared to the no-hangover condition (p < 0.001, d = 0.89), but no difference in attentional bias scores between conditions. Participants reported expending greater mental effort to complete tasks (p < 0.001, d = 1.65), decreased alertness (p < 0.001, d = 3.19), and reduced feelings of tranquillity (p < 0.001, d = 1.49) in the hangover versus no-hangover condition. Together, these findings suggest that alcohol hangover is associated with impaired response inhibition and lower mood. However, problems with recording eye-tracking data on the Visual Dot Probe task used in the present study may limit the reliability of our attentional bias findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Gunn
- Addiction and Mental Health Group, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, UK;
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Graeme Fairchild
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Joris C. Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Sally Adams
- Addiction and Mental Health Group, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, UK;
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Somerset BA2 7AY, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Karin O, Raz M, Alon U. An opponent process for alcohol addiction based on changes in endocrine gland mass. iScience 2021; 24:102127. [PMID: 33665551 PMCID: PMC7903339 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Consuming addictive drugs is often initially pleasurable, but escalating drug intake eventually recruits physiological anti-reward systems called opponent processes that cause tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Opponent processes are fundamental for the addiction process, but their physiological basis is not fully characterized. Here, we propose an opponent processes mechanism centered on the endocrine stress response, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We focus on alcohol addiction, where the HPA axis is activated and secretes β-endorphin, causing euphoria and analgesia. Using a mathematical model, we show that slow changes in the functional mass of HPA glands act as an opponent process for β-endorphin secretion. The model explains hormone dynamics in alcohol addiction and experiments on alcohol preference in rodents. The opponent process is based on fold-change detection (FCD) where β-endorphin responses are relative rather than absolute; FCD confers vulnerability to addiction but has adaptive roles for learning. Our model suggests gland mass changes as potential targets for intervention in addiction. Addiction involves tolerance and withdrawal over weeks Model of the HPA-axis and β-endorphins explains tolerance and withdrawal Effects due to changes in the functional mass of endocrine glands Fold-change detection makes circuit prone to addiction but boosts learning
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Karin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moriya Raz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Uri Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Flook EA, Luchsinger JR, Silveri MM, Winder DG, Benningfield MM, Blackford JU. Anxiety during abstinence from alcohol: A systematic review of rodent and human evidence for the anterior insula's role in the abstinence network. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12861. [PMID: 31991531 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease that impacts almost a third of Americans. Despite effective treatments for attaining sobriety, the majority of patients relapse within a year, making relapse a substantial barrier to long-term treatment success. A major factor contributing to relapse is heightened negative affect that results from the combination of abstinence-related increases in stress-reactivity and decreases in reward sensitivity. Substantial research has contributed to the understanding of reward-related changes in AUD. However, less is known about anxiety during abstinence, a critical component of understanding addiction as anxiety during abstinence can trigger relapse. Most of what we know about abstinence-related negative affect comes from rodent studies which have identified key brain regions responsible for abstinence-related behaviors. This abstinence network is composed of brain regions that make up the extended amygdala: the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). More recently, emerging evidence from rodent and human studies suggests a fourth brain region, the anterior insula, might be part of the abstinence network. Here, we review current rodent and human literature on the extended amygdala's role in alcohol abstinence and anxiety, present evidence for the anterior insula's role in the abstinence network, and provide future directions for research to further elucidate the neural underpinnings of abstinence in humans. A better understanding of the abstinence network is critical toward understanding and possibly preventing relapse in AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Flook
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Joseph R. Luchsinger
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt J.F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - Marisa M. Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital Belmont MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Danny G. Winder
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt J.F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - Margaret M. Benningfield
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt J.F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Research Health Scientist, Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Caputi FF, Stopponi S, Rullo L, Palmisano M, Ubaldi M, Candeletti S, Ciccocioppo R, Romualdi P. Dysregulation of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ and Dynorphin Systems in the Extended Amygdala of Alcohol Preferring Marchigian Sardinian (msP) Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052448. [PMID: 33671048 PMCID: PMC7957504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that genetically selected Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats consume excessive amounts of ethanol to self-medicate from negative moods and to relieve innate hypersensitivity to stress. This phenotype resembling a subset of alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients, appears to be linked to a dysregulation of the equilibrium between stress and antistress mechanisms in the extended amygdala. Here, comparing water and alcohol exposed msP and Wistar rats we evaluate the transcript expression of the anti-stress opioid-like peptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and its receptor NOP as well as of dynorphin (DYN) and its cognate κ-opioid receptor (KOP). In addition, we measured the transcript levels of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), CRF receptor 1 (CRF1R), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor (Trk-B). Results showed an innately up-regulation of the CRFergic system, mediating negative mood and stress responses, as well as an inherent up-regulation of the anti-stress N/OFQ system, both in the amygdala (AMY) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) of msP rats. The up-regulation of this latter system may reflect an attempt to buffer the negative condition elicited by the hyperactivity of pro-stress mechanisms since results showed that voluntary alcohol consumption dampened N/OFQ. Alcohol exposure also reduced the expression of dynorphin and CRF transmissions in the AMY of msP rats. In the BNST, alcohol intake led to a more complex reorganization of these systems increasing receptor transcripts in msP rats, along with an increase of CRF and a decrease of N/OFQ transcripts, respectively. Moreover, mimicking the effects of alcohol in the AMY we observed that the activation of NOP receptor by intracerebroventricular administration of N/OFQ in msP rats caused an increase of BDNF and a decrease of CRF transcripts. Our study indicates that both stress and anti-stress mechanisms are dysregulated in the extended AMY of msP rats. The voluntary alcohol drinking, as well as NOP agonism, have a significant impact on neuropeptidergic systems arrangement, bringing the systems back to normalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Felicia Caputi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Serena Stopponi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Laura Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Martina Palmisano
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Massimo Ubaldi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (S.S.); (M.U.)
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (P.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stopponi S, Fotio Y, Cifani C, Li H, Haass-Koffler CL, Cannella N, Demopulos G, Gaitanaris G, Ciccocioppo R. Andrographis paniculata and Its Main Bioactive Ingredient Andrographolide Decrease Alcohol Drinking and Seeking in Rats Through Activation of Nuclear PPARγ Pathway. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:240-249. [PMID: 33401299 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Andrographis paniculata is an annual herbaceous plant which belongs to the Acanthaceae family. Extracts from this plant have shown hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties, at least in part, through activation of the nuclear receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma (PPAR γ). Recent evidence has demonstrated that activation of PPARγ reduces alcohol drinking and seeking in Marchigian Sardinian (msP) alcohol-preferring rats. METHODS The present study evaluated whether A. paniculata reduces alcohol drinking and relapse in msP rats by activating PPARγ. RESULTS Oral administration of an A. paniculata dried extract (0, 15, 150 mg/kg) lowered voluntary alcohol consumption in a dose-dependent manner and achieved ~65% reduction at the dose of 450 mg/kg. Water and food consumption were not affected by the treatment. Administration of Andrographolide (5 and 10 mg/kg), the main active component of A. paniculata, also reduced alcohol drinking. This effect was suppressed by the selective PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Subsequently, we showed that oral administration of A. paniculata (0, 150, 450 mg/kg) prevented yohimbine- but not cues-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking. CONCLUSIONS Results point to A. paniculata-mediated PPARγactivation as a possible therapeutic strategy to treat alcohol use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Stopponi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Yannick Fotio
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, 807 Health Science Road, 92617 Irvine, USA
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Hongwu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yan An Road, Chao Yang District, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Carolina L Haass-Koffler
- Center Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department Psychiatry and Human Behavior Department Behavioral and Social Sciences Brow University 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02931, USA
| | - Nazzareno Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Gregory Demopulos
- Center Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department Psychiatry and Human Behavior Department Behavioral and Social Sciences Brow University 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02931, USA
| | - George Gaitanaris
- Center Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department Psychiatry and Human Behavior Department Behavioral and Social Sciences Brow University 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02931, USA.,Omeros Corporation, 201 Elliot Avenue West, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bota AB, Simmons JG, DiBattista A, Wilson K. Carnitine in Alcohol Use Disorders: A Scoping Review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:666-674. [PMID: 33576525 PMCID: PMC8252636 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in alcohol use disorders (AUDs) have demonstrated some connections between carnitine metabolism and the pathophysiology of the disease. In this scoping review, we aimed to collate and examine existing research available on carnitine metabolism and AUDs and develop hypotheses surrounding the role carnitine may play in AUD. A scoping review method was used to search electronic databases in September 2019. The database search terms used included “alcohol, alcoholism, alcohol abuse, alcohol consumption, alcohol drinking patterns, alcohol‐induced disorders, alcoholic intoxication, alcohol‐related disorders, binge drinking, Wernicke encephalopathy, acylcarnitine, acetyl‐l‐carnitine, acetylcarnitine, carnitine and palmitoylcarnitine.” The inclusion criteria included English language, human‐based, AUD diagnosis and measured blood or tissue carnitine or used carnitine as a treatment. Of 586 studies that were identified and screened, 65 underwent abstract review, and 41 were fully reviewed. Eighteen studies were ultimately included for analysis. Data were summarized in an electronic data extraction form. We found that there is limited literature available. Alcohol use appears to impact carnitine metabolism, most clearly in the setting of alcoholic cirrhosis. Six studies found carnitine to be increased in AUD, of which 5 were conducted in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Only 3 placebo‐controlled trials were identified and provide some support for the use of carnitine in AUD to decrease cravings, anhedonia, and withdrawal and improve cognition. The increase in plasma carnitine in alcoholic cirrhosis may be related to disordered fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress that occurs in AUD. The multiple possible therapeutic effects carnitine could have on ethanol metabolism and the early evidence available for carnitine supplementation as a treatment for AUD provide a foundation for future randomized control trials of carnitine for treating AUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Brianne Bota
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Alicia DiBattista
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kumanan Wilson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Bruyere Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Thompson BL, Oscar-Berman M, Kaplan GB. Opioid-induced structural and functional plasticity of medium-spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 120:417-430. [PMID: 33152423 PMCID: PMC7855607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing clinical condition with tremendous morbidity and mortality that frequently persists, despite treatment, due to an individual's underlying psychological, neurobiological, and genetic vulnerabilities. Evidence suggests that these vulnerabilities may have neurochemical, cellular, and molecular bases. Key neuroplastic events within the mesocorticolimbic system that emerge through chronic exposure to opioids may have a determinative influence on behavioral symptoms associated with OUD. In particular, structural and functional alterations in the dendritic spines of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and its dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are believed to facilitate these behavioral sequelae. Additionally, glutamatergic neurons from the prefrontal cortex, the basolateral amygdala, the hippocampus, and the thalamus project to these same MSNs, providing an enriched target for synaptic plasticity. Here, we review literature related to neuroadaptations in NAc MSNs from dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways in OUD. We also describe new findings related to transcriptional, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms in MSN plasticity in the different stages of OUD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Thompson
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA.
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, 80 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Gary B Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, 720 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Mental Health Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, 940 Belmont Street, Brockton, MA, 02301, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang N, Liu X, Li XT, Li XX, Ma W, Xu YM, Liu Y, Gao Q, Yang T, Wang H, Peng Y, Zhu XF, Guan YZ. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Alleviates Anxiety-Like Behavior Induced by Chronic Alcohol Exposure in Mice Involving Tropomyosin-Related Kinase B in the Amygdala. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:92-105. [PMID: 32895785 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use-associated disorders are highly comorbid with anxiety disorders; however, their mechanism remains unknown. The amygdala plays a central role in anxiety. We recently found that 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) significantly reduces withdrawal symptoms in a rat model of chronic intermittent alcohol (ethanol) exposure. This study aimed to determine the role of 7,8-DHF in regulating anxiety induced by chronic alcohol exposure and its associated underlying mechanism. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to chronic intermittent alcohol for 3 weeks followed by alcohol withdrawal for 12 h with or without 7,8-DHF administered intraperitoneally. All mice were tested using an open field test and elevated plus maze to assess anxiety-like behaviors. Synaptic activity and intrinsic excitability in basal and lateral amygdala (BLA) neurons were assessed using electrophysiological recordings. 7,8-DHF alleviated alcohol-induced anxiety-like behavior and attenuated alcohol-induced enhancement of activities in BLA pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, 7,8-DHF prevented alcohol withdrawal-evoked augmentation of glutamatergic transmission in the amygdala and had no effect on GABAergic transmission in the amygdala, as demonstrated by unaltered frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Microinjection of K252a, a tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) antagonist, into the BLA blocked the effects of 7,8-DHF on anxiety-like behavior and neuronal activity in the BLA. Our findings suggest that 7,8-DHF alleviates alcohol-induced anxiety-like behavior induced by chronic alcohol exposure through regulation of glutamate transmission involving TrKB in the BLA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xin-Tong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated First Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Yan-Min Xu
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Hongxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510828, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510828, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
| | - Yan-Zhong Guan
- Department of Physiology & Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang X, Meng YJ, Tao YJ, Deng RH, Wang HY, Li XJ, Wei W, Hua Y, Wang Q, Deng W, Zhao LS, Ma XH, Li ML, Xu JJ, Li J, Liu YS, Tang Z, Du XD, Coid JW, Greenshaw AJ, Li T, Guo WJ. Functional Connectivity of Nucleus Accumbens and Medial Prefrontal Cortex With Other Brain Regions During Early-Abstinence Is Associated With Alcohol Dependence and Relapse: A Resting-Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:609458. [PMID: 33584384 PMCID: PMC7876376 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.609458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcohol dependence (AD) is a chronic recurrent brain disease that causes a heavy disease burden worldwide, partly due to high relapse rates after detoxification. Verified biomarkers are not available for AD and its relapse, although the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) may play important roles in the mechanism of addiction. This study investigated AD- and relapse-associated functional connectivity (FC) of the NAc and mPFC with other brain regions during early abstinence. Methods: Sixty-eight hospitalized early-abstinence AD male patients and 68 age- and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-functional magnetic resonance imaging (r-fMRI). Using the NAc and mPFC as seeds, we calculated changes in FC between the seeds and other brain regions. Over a follow-up period of 6 months, patients were measured with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scale to identify relapse outcomes (AUDIT ≥ 8). Results: Thirty-five (52.24%) of the AD patients relapsed during the follow-up period. AD displayed lower FC of the left fusiform, bilateral temporal superior and right postcentral regions with the NAc and lower FC of the right temporal inferior, bilateral temporal superior, and left cingulate anterior regions with the mPFC compared to controls. Among these FC changes, lower FC between the NAc and left fusiform, lower FC between the mPFC and left cingulate anterior cortex, and smoking status were independently associated with AD. Subjects in relapse exhibited lower FC of the right cingulate anterior cortex with NAc and of the left calcarine sulcus with mPFC compared to non-relapsed subjects; both of these reductions in FC independently predicted relapse. Additionally, FC between the mPFC and right frontal superior gyrus, as well as years of education, independently predicted relapse severity. Conclusion: This study found that values of FC between selected seeds (i.e., the NAc and the mPFC) and some other reward- and/or impulse-control-related brain regions were associated with AD and relapse; these FC values could be potential biomarkers of AD or for prediction of relapse. These findings may help to guide further research on the neurobiology of AD and other addictive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Jing Meng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Jie Tao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Hao Deng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Yao Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Hua
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Zhao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Jun Xu
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Song Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Du
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jeremy W Coid
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan-Jun Guo
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption results in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Interestingly, however, sudden alcohol withdrawal (AW) after chronic alcohol exposure also leads to a devastating series of symptoms, referred to as alcohol withdrawal syndromes. One key feature of AW syndromes is to produce phenotypes that are opposite to AUD. For example, while the brain is characterized by a hypoactive state in the presence of alcohol, AW induces a hyperactive state, which is manifested as seizure expression. In this review, we discuss the idea that hippocampal neurogenesis and neural circuits play a key role in neuroadaptation and establishment of allostatic states in response to alcohol exposure and AW. The intrinsic properties of dentate granule cells (DGCs), and their contribution to the formation of a potent feedback inhibitory loop, endow the dentate gyrus with a "gate" function, which can limit the entry of excessive excitatory signals from the cortex into the hippocampus. We discuss the possibility that alcohol exposure and withdrawal disrupts structural development and circuitry integration of hippocampal newborn neurons, and that this altered neurogenesis impairs the gate function of the hippocampus. Failure of this gate function is expected to alter the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory (E/I) signals in the hippocampus and to induce seizure expression during AW. Recent functional studies have shown that specific activation and inhibition of hippocampal newborn DGCs are both necessary and sufficient for the expression of AW-associated seizures, further supporting the concept that neurogenesis-induced neuroadaptation is a critical target to understand and treat AUD and AW-associated seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreetama Basu
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hoonkyo Suh
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Felton JW, Strutz KL, McCauley HL, Poland CA, Barnhart KJ, Lejuez CW. Delay Discounting Interacts with Distress Tolerance to Predict Depression and Alcohol Use Disorders among Individuals Receiving Inpatient Substance Use Services. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 18:1416-1421. [PMID: 33312085 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-019-00163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality-linked psychological factors including distress tolerance and delay discounting have been shown to underlie both Alcohol Use and Major Depressive Disorders. Although these disorders commonly co-occur, especially among individuals seeking in-patient treatment, no study has examined the association between distress tolerance, delay discounting and dual diagnoses. This project evaluated these relations in a sample of 79 low-income adults receiving in-patient substance use treatment. It was hypothesized that individuals with low levels of distress tolerance and elevated discounting would be more likely to report co-occurring disorders. Utilizing structural equation modeling, we found that the interaction between distress tolerance and delay discounting was associated with co-occurring Alcohol Use and Major Depressive Disorders in the expected direction. Findings suggest these constructs could be used for targeting prevention efforts for vulnerable individuals as well as refining current interventions to improve treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia W Felton
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, MI
| | - Kelly L Strutz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Heather L McCauley
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Social Sciences, East Lansing, MI
| | - Cara A Poland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI.,Spectrum Health, Department of Women's Health, Grand Rapids, MI.,Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Kathryn J Barnhart
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Professions, Grand Valley State University
| | - Carl W Lejuez
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment and Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Horváth Z, Tremkó M, Fazekas Z, Tóth A, Petke Z, Farkas J, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z, Urbán R. Patterns and temporal change of psychopathological symptoms among inpatients with alcohol use disorder undergoing a twelve-step based treatment. Addict Behav Rep 2020; 12:100302. [PMID: 33364311 PMCID: PMC7752724 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychopathological symptom profiles and trajectories were examined among AUD inpatients. Three quantitatively different subgroups were identified in terms of psychopathological symptoms. Classes were discriminated by different psychopathological symptom change trajectories. Subgroups with more severe psychopathological symptoms used alcohol in a more harmful way. Drinking of the more severely affected classes were more motivated by coping and conformity motives.
Background Patients diagnosed with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) present an increased risk for experiencing severe internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Involvement in twelve-step based treatment programs, such as the Minnesota Model (MM), can contribute to improvement of an individual’s psychopathological symptom profile. The present study’s main objective was to examine profiles and change trajectories of psychopathological symptoms of AUD subgroups during an eight-week long period of MM treatment attendance. Method Inpatients with AUD (N = 303) who attended MM treatment programs participated in the present study. Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) was used to evaluate the psychopathological symptom change trajectories assessed by using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Multiple comparisons and multinomial logistic regression were performed to validate the subgroups. Results Three subgroups were identified: low severity (48.5%), moderate severity (35.2%), and high severity (16.2%) symptomatic subgroups. The moderate severity class demonstrated the largest effect in terms of symptoms decrease. Higher severity classes showed significantly higher rates of harmful alcohol drinking and drinking motives. Conclusions The present study identified three severity-based subgroups which indicate that psychopathology sits on a spectrum of severity among AUD patients. The findings highlight the associations between AUD and internalizing symptoms, negative reinforcement drinking motives, and the symptomatic improvement that can occur among those participating in MM treatment programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Horváth
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest H-1064, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest H-1064, Hungary
| | - Mariann Tremkó
- Department of Addictology, Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Lehel utca 59-61, Budapest H-1135, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Fazekas
- Department of Addictology, Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Lehel utca 59-61, Budapest H-1135, Hungary
| | - András Tóth
- Department of Addictology, Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Lehel utca 59-61, Budapest H-1135, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Petke
- Department of Addictology, Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Lehel utca 59-61, Budapest H-1135, Hungary
| | - Judit Farkas
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest H-1064, Hungary.,Department of Addictology, Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Lehel utca 59-61, Budapest H-1135, Hungary
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest H-1064, Hungary
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, Budapest H-1064, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stevens CJ, Baldwin AS, Bryan AD, Conner M, Rhodes RE, Williams DM. Affective Determinants of Physical Activity: A Conceptual Framework and Narrative Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:568331. [PMID: 33335497 PMCID: PMC7735992 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature on affective determinants of physical activity (PA) is growing rapidly. The present paper aims to provide greater clarity regarding the definition and distinctions among the various affect-related constructs that have been examined in relation to PA. Affective constructs are organized according to the Affect and Health Behavior Framework (AHBF), including: (1) affective response (e.g., how one feels in response to PA behavior) to PA; (2) incidental affect (e.g., how one feels throughout the day, unrelated to the target behavior); (3) affect processing (e.g., affective associations, implicit attitudes, remembered affect, anticipated affective response, and affective judgments); and (4) affectively charged motivational states (e.g., intrinsic motivation, fear, and hedonic motivation). After defining each category of affective construct, we provide examples of relevant research showing how each construct may relate to PA behavior. We conclude each section with a discussion of future directions for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Austin S. Baldwin
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Angela D. Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - David M. Williams
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
A novel mouse model for vulnerability to alcohol dependence induced by early-life adversity. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100269. [PMID: 33344722 PMCID: PMC7739069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood adversity increases vulnerability to alcohol use disorders and preclinical models are needed to investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. The present study modeled early-life adversity by rearing male and female C57BL/6J mouse pups in a limited bedding and nesting (LBN) environment, which induces erratic maternal care. As adults, mice were given limited access to two-bottle choice (2BC) alcohol drinking, combined or not with chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor inhalation to induce alcohol dependence. We tested the hypothesis that LBN rearing might exacerbate or facilitate the emergence of the motivational and affective effects of CIE. Consistent with our hypothesis, although LBN-reared males consumed the same baseline levels of alcohol as controls, they escalated their ethanol intake at an earlier stage of CIE exposure, i.e., after 4 rounds vs. 5 rounds for controls. In contrast, females were insensitive to both LBN rearing and CIE exposure. Males were further subjected to a behavioral test battery. Withdrawal from CIE-2BC increased digging activity and lowered mechanical nociceptive thresholds regardless of early-life conditions. On the other hand, LBN-reared CIE-2BC males showed reduced open arm exploration in the elevated plus maze and increased immobility in the tail suspension test compared to alcohol-naïve counterparts, while no group differences were detected among control-reared males. Finally, LBN rearing and alcohol exposure did not affect grooming in response to a sucrose spray (splash test), novel object recognition, or corticosterone levels. In summary, the LBN experience accelerates the transition from moderate to excessive alcohol drinking and produces additional indices of affective dysfunction during alcohol withdrawal in C57BL/6J male mice. Early-life adversity was generated by rearing C57BL/6J mouse pups in a limited bedding and nesting (LBN) environment. Alcohol dependence was induced in adulthood via chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) inhalation. The LBN experience accelerated alcohol intake escalation in males. LBN exacerbated affective disturbances upon CIE withdrawal in males. Alcohol intake in females was insensitive to both LBN and CIE.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ingram J, Maciejewski G, Hand CJ. Changes in Diet, Sleep, and Physical Activity Are Associated With Differences in Negative Mood During COVID-19 Lockdown. Front Psychol 2020; 11:588604. [PMID: 32982903 PMCID: PMC7492645 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The United Kingdom and Scottish governments instigated a societal lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsequently, many experienced substantial lifestyle changes alongside the stresses of potentially catching the virus or experiencing bereavement. Stressful situations and poorer health behaviors (e.g., higher alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, poorer sleep quality, physical inactivity) are frequently linked to poor mental health. Our objective was to examine changes in health behaviors and their relationship with negative mood during COVID-19 lockdown. We also considered associations between health behaviors and socio-demographic differences and COVID-19-induced changes. 399 participants completed a questionnaire asking about their personal situation and health behaviors during lockdown as well as a negative mood scale. The significance threshold for all analyses was α = 0.05. Poorer diet was linked to more-negative mood, and to changes to working status. Poorer sleep quality was linked with more-negative mood, and with 'shielding' from the virus. Being less physically active was related to more-negative mood and student status, whereas being more physically active was linked to having or suspecting COVID-19 infection within the household. Increased alcohol consumption was linked to living with children, but not to negative mood. Changes to diet, sleep quality, and physical activity related to differences in negative mood during COVID-19 lockdown. This study adds to reports on poor mental health during lockdown and identifies lifestyle restrictions and changes to health behaviors which may, to some extent, be responsible for higher negative mood. Our data suggests that it is advisable to maintain or improve health behaviors during pandemic-associated restrictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ingram
- School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Maciejewski
- School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Hand
- Department of Psychology, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Suárez J, Khom S, Alén F, Natividad LA, Varodayan FP, Patel RR, Kirson D, Arco R, Ballesta A, Bajo M, Rubio L, Martin-Fardon R, de Fonseca FR, Roberto M. Cessation of fluoxetine treatment increases alcohol seeking during relapse and dysregulates endocannabinoid and glutamatergic signaling in the central amygdala. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12813. [PMID: 31339221 PMCID: PMC8050940 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), typically used as antidepressants, induces long-lasting behavioral changes associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, the contribution of SSRI (fluoxetine)-induced alterations in neurobiological processes underlying alcohol relapse such as endocannabinoid and glutamate signaling in the central amygdala (CeA) remains largely unknown. We utilized an integrative approach to study the effects of repeated fluoxetine administration during abstinence on ethanol drinking. Gene expression and biochemical and electrophysiological studies explored the hypothesis that dysregulation in glutamatergic and endocannabinoid mechanisms in the CeA underlie the susceptibility to alcohol relapse. Cessation of daily treatment with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) during abstinence resulted in a marked increase in ethanol seeking during re-exposure periods. The increase in ethanol self-administration was associated with (a) reductions in levels of the endocannabinoids N-arachidonoylethanolomine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the CeA, (b) increased amygdalar gene expression of cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1), N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (Nape-pld), fatty acid amid hydrolase (Faah), (c) decreased amygdalar gene expression of ionotropic AMPA (GluA2 and GluA4) and metabotropic (mGlu3) glutamate receptors, and (d) increased glutamatergic receptor function. Overall, our data suggest that the administration of the antidepressant fluoxetine during abstinence dysregulates endocannabinoid signaling and glutamatergic receptor function in the amygdala, facts that likely facilitate alcohol drinking behavior during relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Mental Health UGC, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program, Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Khom
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francisco Alén
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Mental Health UGC, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A. Natividad
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Florence P. Varodayan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reesha R. Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dean Kirson
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rocío Arco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Mental Health UGC, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Ballesta
- Department of Psychobiology. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michal Bajo
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Leticia Rubio
- Department of Anatomy and Forensic and Legal Medicine. Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rémi Martin-Fardon
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Mental Health UGC, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hedges DM, Yorgason JT, Brundage JN, Wadsworth HA, Williams B, Steffensen SC, Roberto M. Corticotropin releasing factor, but not alcohol, modulates norepinephrine release in the rat central nucleus of the amygdala. Neuropharmacology 2020; 179:108293. [PMID: 32871155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse and dependence is a widespread health problem. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) plays important roles in both the anxiety associated with alcohol (ethanol) dependence and the increased alcohol intake that is observed during withdrawal in dependent animals. We and others have shown the essential involvement of the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system in alcohol's synaptic effects on the CeA and in the development of ethanol dependence. Another system that has been shown to be critically involved in the molecular underpinnings of alcohol dependence is the norepinephrine (NE) system originating in the locus coeruleus. Both the CRF and NE systems act in concert to facilitate a stress response: central amygdalar afferents release CRF in the locus coeruleus promoting widespread release of NE. In this study, we are the first to use fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to classify local electrically-evoked NE release in the CeA and to determine if acute alcohol and CRF modulate it. Evoked NE release is action potential dependent, is abolished after depletion of monoaminergic vesicles, differs pharmacologically from dopamine release, is insensitive to acute alcohol, and decreases in response to locally applied CRF. Taken together, these results indicate that NE release in the CeA is released canonically in a vesicular-dependent manner, and that while acute alcohol does not directly alter NE release, CRF decreases it. Our results suggest that CRF acts locally on NE terminals as negative feedback and potentially prevents hyperactivation of the CRF-norepinephrine stress pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Hedges
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Jordan T Yorgason
- Neuroscience Program, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - James N Brundage
- Neuroscience Program, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Williams
- Neuroscience Program, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | | | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Peris J, Steck MR, Krause EG. Oxytocin treatment for alcoholism: Potential neurocircuitry targets. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108091. [PMID: 32304701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) has gained considerable interest in recent years as a potential treatment for alcoholism and other substance use disorders. Evidence continues to mount that OT administered either centrally, peripherally or intranasally can decrease ethanol intake in both humans and animal models. The potential mechanisms for the ability of OT to decrease ethanol reward, and importantly, cue- and stress-induced ethanol relapse, are explored by reviewing the specific neuronal circuits involved in mediating these actions and their sensitivity to OT. In addition to dopamine neurons that project from ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens (NAc) to signal positively reinforcing events, OT receptors (OxTR) are also expressed by dopamine neurons that project from VTA to brain regions that can convey aversive properties of a stimulus. Moreover, OxTR are expressed by non-dopaminergic neurons in the VTA, such as GABA and glutamate neurons, which can both modulate the activity of dopamine VTA neurons locally (in opposite directions) or can project to other brain regions, including the NAc, where it can alter either positive reinforcement or aversion caused by ethanol. The ability of OT to regulate limbic circuitry and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is discussed as a potential mechanism for the ability of OT to inhibit ethanol-induced negative reinforcement. Together, understanding the diversity and complexity of OT regulation of ethanol reward may contribute to more effective use of OT as pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder. This article is part of the special issue on Neuropeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Peris
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Madeline R Steck
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Eric G Krause
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tervo-Clemmens B, Quach A, Calabro FJ, Foran W, Luna B. Meta-analysis and review of functional neuroimaging differences underlying adolescent vulnerability to substance use. Neuroimage 2020; 209:116476. [PMID: 31875520 PMCID: PMC7992390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is increasingly viewed as a sensitive period in the development of substance use disorders (SUDs). Neurodevelopmental 'dual-risk' theories suggest adolescent vulnerability to problematic substance use is driven by an overactive reward drive mediated by the striatum, and poor cognitive control mediated by the prefrontal cortex. To this end, there has been a growing number of neuroimaging studies examining cognitive and affective neural systems during adolescence for markers of vulnerability to problematic substance use. Here, we perform a coordinate-based meta-analysis on this emerging literature. Twenty-two task-based voxelwise fMRI studies with activation differences associated with substance use vulnerability, representative of approximately 1092 subjects, were identified through a systematic literature search (PubMed, Scopus) and coordinates of activation differences (N = 190) were extracted. Adolescents were defined as 'at-risk' for problematic substance use based on a family history of SUD or through prospective prediction of substance use initiation or escalation. Multilevel kernel density analysis was used to identify the most consistent brain regions associated with adolescent substance use vulnerability. Across the included studies, substance use vulnerability was most reliably associated with activation differences in the striatum, where at-risk adolescents had hyper-activation in the dorsal subdivision (putamen). Follow-up analyses suggested striatal differences were driven by tasks sharing a motivational and/or reward component (e.g., monetary incentive) and common across subgroups of substance use risk (family history and prospective prediction studies). Analyses examining the role of psychiatric comorbidity revealed striatal activation differences were significantly more common in samples whose definition of substance use risk included cooccurring externalizing psychopathology. Furthermore, substance use risk meta-analytic results were no longer significant when excluding these studies, although this may reflect limitations in statistical power. No significant activation differences were observed in prefrontal cortex in any analysis. These results suggest striatal dysfunction, rather than prefrontal, may be a more primary neural feature of adolescent vulnerability to problematic substance use, possibly through a dimension of individual variability shared with externalizing psychopathology. However, our systematic literature search confirms this is still an emerging field. More studies, increased data sharing, and further quantitative integration are necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the neuroimaging markers of adolescent substance use risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
| | - Alina Quach
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Finnegan J Calabro
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Biological intersection of sex, age, and environment in the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system and alcohol. Neuropharmacology 2020; 170:108045. [PMID: 32217364 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is critical in neural circuit function and behavior, particularly in the context of stress, anxiety, and addiction. Despite a wealth of preclinical evidence for the efficacy of CRF receptor 1 antagonists in reducing behavioral pathology associated with alcohol exposure, several clinical trials have had disappointing outcomes, possibly due to an underappreciation of the role of biological variables. Although he National Institutes of Health (NIH) now mandate the inclusion of sex as a biological variable in all clinical and preclinical research, the current state of knowledge in this area is based almost entirely on evidence from male subjects. Additionally, the influence of biological variables other than sex has received even less attention in the context of neuropeptide signaling. Age (particularly adolescent development) and housing conditions have been shown to affect CRF signaling and voluntary alcohol intake, and the interaction between these biological variables is particularly relevant to the role of the CRF system in the vulnerability or resilience to the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Going forward, it will be important to include careful consideration of biological variables in experimental design, reporting, and interpretation. As new research uncovers conditions in which sex, age, and environment play major roles in physiological and/or pathological processes, our understanding of the complex interaction between relevant biological variables and critical signaling pathways like the CRF system in the cellular and behavioral consequences of alcohol exposure will continue to expand ultimately improving the ability of preclinical research to translate to the clinic. This article is part of the special issue on Neuropeptides.
Collapse
|
43
|
Go BS, Sirohi S, Walker BM. The role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in negative reinforcement learning and plasticity in alcohol dependence. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12715. [PMID: 30648329 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A role for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in plasticity-dependent learning has been established. MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) when synaptic reorganization is warranted. Previously, we showed that escalation of alcohol self-administration is a learned plasticity-dependent process that requires an intact MMP system. To identify the MMP subtypes within specific brain regions that are associated with plasticity underlying the negative reinforcing effects of alcohol (as measured by escalated alcohol self-administration) during acute withdrawal in alcohol dependence, male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer alcohol in an operant paradigm, subjected to one month of intermittent alcohol vapor exposure to induce alcohol dependence and then allowed to self-administer alcohol during repeated acute withdrawal self-administration sessions. Subsequently, rat brains were extracted after initial or stable escalated alcohol self-administration phases of acute withdrawal and analyzed by immunoblot to detect MMP-2, -3, and -9 levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, central amygdala (CeA), hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The results showed that MMP-9 expression in the CeA and NAc of alcohol-dependent rats was increased, however, MMP-9 expression in the ACC was decreased during negative reinforcement learning. Subsequently, the importance of plasticity mediated by MMP-9 in escalated alcohol self-administration during acute withdrawal was functionally assessed through site-specific intra-CeA MMP-9 inhibition during repeated acute withdrawal self-administration sessions. MMP-9 inhibition prevented acute withdrawal-induced escalation of alcohol self-administration in a manner that was not confounded by locomotor effects or a permanent inability to learn about the negative reinforcing effects of alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bok Soon Go
- Laboratory of Alcoholism and Addictions Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program, Translational Addictions Research CenterWashington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Sunil Sirohi
- Laboratory of Alcoholism and Addictions Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program, Translational Addictions Research CenterWashington State University Pullman Washington USA
| | - Brendan M. Walker
- Laboratory of Alcoholism and Addictions Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Program, Translational Addictions Research CenterWashington State University Pullman Washington USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Spierling S, de Guglielmo G, Kirson D, Kreisler A, Roberto M, George O, Zorrilla EP. Insula to ventral striatal projections mediate compulsive eating produced by intermittent access to palatable food. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:579-588. [PMID: 31593982 PMCID: PMC7021713 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Compulsive eating characterizes many binge-related eating disorders, yet its neurobiological basis is poorly understood. The insular cortex subserves visceral-emotional functions, including taste processing, and is implicated in drug craving and relapse. Here, via optoinhibition, we implicate projections from the anterior insular cortex to the nucleus accumbens as modulating highly compulsive-like food self-administration behaviors that result from intermittent access to a palatable, high-sucrose diet. We identified compulsive-like eating behavior in female rats through progressive ratio schedule self-administration and punishment-resistant responding, food reward tolerance and escalation of intake through 24-h energy intake and fixed-ratio operant self-administration sessions, and withdrawal-like irritability through the bottle brush test. We also identified an endocrine profile of heightened GLP-1 and PP but lower ghrelin that differentiated rats with the most compulsive-like eating behavior. Measures of compulsive eating severity also directly correlated to leptin, body weight and adiposity. Collectively, this novel model of compulsive-like eating symptoms demonstrates adaptations in insula-ventral striatal circuitry and metabolic regulatory hormones that warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Spierling
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Dean Kirson
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alison Kreisler
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eric P Zorrilla
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Morrow AL, Boero G, Porcu P. A Rationale for Allopregnanolone Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders: Basic and Clinical Studies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:320-339. [PMID: 31782169 PMCID: PMC7018555 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For many years, research from around the world has suggested that the neuroactive steroid (3α,5α)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone or 3α,5α-THP) may have therapeutic potential for treatment of various symptoms of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). In this critical review, we systematically address all the evidence that supports such a suggestion, delineate the etiologies of AUDs that are addressed by treatment with allopregnanolone or its precursor pregnenolone, and the rationale for treatment of various components of the disease based on basic science and clinical evidence. This review presents a theoretical framework for understanding how endogenous steroids that regulate the effects of stress, alcohol, and the innate immune system could play a key role in both the prevention and the treatment of AUDs. We further discuss cautions and limitations of allopregnanolone or pregnenolone therapy with suggestions regarding the management of risk and the potential for helping millions who suffer from AUDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Leslie Morrow
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Giorgia Boero
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Patrizia Porcu
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cummings JR, Gearhardt AN, Ray LA, Choi AK, Tomiyama AJ. Experimental and observational studies on alcohol use and dietary intake: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12950. [PMID: 31691442 PMCID: PMC6981020 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The scientific literature on links among alcohol use, total energy intake, cardiometabolic disease and obesity is conflicting. To clarify the link between alcohol use and cardiometabolic health, this systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42016039308A) uses PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to synthesize how alcohol use affects dietary intake (carbohydrate, fat and protein intake) in humans. A search of Google Scholar, PsycINFO and PubMed from June 2016-March 2019 yielded 30 qualified studies. Experimental and observational studies allowed for inferences about effects of a single drinking occasion and of frequent drinking, respectively. Alcohol quantities were standardized according to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. On average, methodological quality of the studies was medium strength. Results indicated that a single occasion of light and moderate drinking as well as frequent light and moderate drinking were linked to greater fat and protein intake, albeit the majority of studies did not detect differences in dietary intake due to these drinking behaviours. Frequent heavy drinking, on the other hand, was linked to less carbohydrate intake in the majority of studies. Overall, alcohol use does not appear to uniformly affect diet but instead appears to affect intake of specific macronutrients in a dose-dependent manner, most consistently decreasing carbohydrate intake with heavier use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R. Cummings
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Ashley N. Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Lara A. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Alyssa K. Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Effects of the monoamine stabilizer (-)OSU6162 on cognitive function in alcohol dependence. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:69-82. [PMID: 31628507 PMCID: PMC6952337 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol dependence (AD) is associated with a dysregulated mesolimbocortical dopamine system-a pathway which is also implicated in both reward and cognition. The monoamine stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 (OSU) is a novel pharmacological compound with the ability to reduce ethanol intake and ethanol seeking in long-term drinking rats as well as reducing alcohol craving in AD patients. Dopaminergic drugs can both impair and improve cognitive functions, and the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of OSU treatment on cognitive functioning in AD patients. METHOD In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, 56 individuals with AD received 14 days of OSU or placebo treatment. Neuropsychological tasks from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB®) and other tasks were used to evaluate treatment effect on executive function/impulsivity, working memory, attention, emotional recognition, and divergent thinking. RESULTS Treatment with OSU did not impair neuropsychological function in any of the cognitive domains investigated (all p > 0.1). In fact, OSU treatment did, compared to placebo, improve future planning ability (F(1,46) = 6.9; p = 0.012; Cohen's d = 0.54), verbal divergent thinking (F(1,44) = 10.1; p = 0.003; d = 0.96), and response time for emotional recognition (F(1,47) = 6.7; p = 0.013; d = 0.44). CONCLUSION OSU treatment did not cause short-term cognitive side effects, further supporting the potential of OSU as a clinically feasible pharmacological treatment in AD patients. OSU treatment might improve future planning, verbal divergent thinking, and emotional recognition latency, which in turn may have a beneficial impact on alcohol use outcomes. Future studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Collapse
|
48
|
Grodin EN, Bujarski S, Venegas A, Baskerville WA, Nieto SJ, Jentsch JD, Ray LA. Reward, Relief and Habit Drinking: Initial Validation of a Brief Assessment Tool. Alcohol Alcohol 2019; 54:574-583. [PMID: 31557278 PMCID: PMC7306183 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol use disorder is highly heterogeneous. One approach to understanding this heterogeneity is the identification of drinker subtypes. A candidate classification consists of reward and relief subtypes. The current study examines a novel self-report measure of reward, relief, and habit drinking for its clinical correlates and subjective response (SR) to alcohol administration. METHODS Non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (n = 140) completed the brief reward, relief, habit drinking scale (RRHDS). A subset of this sample (n = 67) completed an intravenous alcohol administration. Individuals were classified into drinker subtypes. A crowdsourced sample of heavy drinkers (n = 187) completed the RRHDS and a validated reward relief drinking scale to compare drinking classification results. RESULTS The majority of the sample was classified as reward drinkers (n = 100), with fewer classified as relief (n = 19) and habit (n = 21) drinkers. Relief and habit drinkers reported greater tonic alcohol craving compared to reward drinkers. Reward drinkers endorsed drinking for enhancement, while relief drinkers endorsed drinking for coping. Regarding the alcohol administration, the groups differed in negative mood, such that relief/habit drinkers reported a decrease in negative mood during alcohol administration, compared to reward drinkers. The follow-up crowdsourcing study found a 62% agreement in reward drinker classification between measures and replicated the tonic craving findings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that reward drinkers are dissociable from relief/habit drinkers using the brief measure. However, relief and habit drinkers were not successfully differentiated, which suggests that these constructs may overlap phenotypically. Notably, measures of dysphoric mood were better at detecting group differences than measures capturing alcohol's rewarding effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563 Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California 760 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Spencer Bujarski
- Department of Psychology, University of California 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563 Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Alexandra Venegas
- Department of Psychology, University of California 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563 Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Wave-Ananda Baskerville
- Department of Psychology, University of California 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563 Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Steven J Nieto
- Department of Psychology, University of California 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563 Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - J David Jentsch
- Department of Psychology Binghamton University State University of New York PO Box 6000 Binghamton NY 13902
| | - Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563 Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California 760 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles, CA 90095
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lee D, Krishnan B, Zhang H, Park HR, Ro EJ, Jung YN, Suh H. Activity of hippocampal adult-born neurons regulates alcohol withdrawal seizures. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128770. [PMID: 31578307 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol withdrawal (AW) after chronic alcohol exposure produces a series of symptoms, with AW-associated seizures being among the most serious and dangerous. However, the mechanism underlying AW seizures has yet to be established. In our mouse model, a sudden AW produced 2 waves of seizures: the first wave includes a surge of multiple seizures that occurs within hours to days of AW, and the second wave consists of sustained expression of epileptiform spikes and wave discharges (SWDs) during a protracted period of abstinence. We revealed that the structural and functional adaptations in newborn dentate granule cells (DGCs) in the hippocampus underlie the second wave of seizures but not the first wave. While the general morphology of newborn DGCs remained unchanged, AW increased the dendritic spine density of newborn DGCs, suggesting that AW induced synaptic connectivity of newborn DGCs with excitatory afferent neurons and enhanced excitability of newborn DGCs. Indeed, specific activation and suppression of newborn DGCs by the chemogenetic DREADD method increased and decreased the expression of epileptiform SWDs, respectively, during abstinence. Thus, our study unveiled that the pathological plasticity of hippocampal newborn DGCs underlies AW seizures during a protracted period of abstinence, providing critical insight into hippocampal neural circuits as a foundation to understand and treat AW seizures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Balu Krishnan
- Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yu-Na Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Even-Chen O, Barak S. Inhibition of FGF Receptor-1 Suppresses Alcohol Consumption: Role of PI3 Kinase Signaling in Dorsomedial Striatum. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7947-7957. [PMID: 31375540 PMCID: PMC6774404 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0805-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol intake leads to mesostriatal neuroadaptations, and to addiction phenotypes. We recently found in rodents that alcohol increases fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), which promotes alcohol consumption. Here, we show that systemic or intra-DMS blockade of the FGF2 receptor, FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1), suppresses alcohol consumption, and that the effects of FGF2-FGFR1 on alcohol drinking are mediated via the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Specifically, we found that sub-chronic alcohol treatment (7 d × 2.5 g/kg, i.p.) increased Fgfr1 mRNA expression in the dorsal hippocampus and dorsal striatum. However, prolonged and excessive voluntary alcohol consumption in a two-bottle choice procedure increased Fgfr1 expression selectively in DMS. Importantly, systemic administration of the FGFR1 inhibitor PD173074 to mice, as well as its infusion into the DMS of rats, decreased alcohol consumption and preference, with no effects on natural reward consumption. Finally, inhibition of the PI3K, but not of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, blocked the effects of FGF2 on alcohol intake and preference. Our results suggest that activation of FGFR1 by FGF2 in the DMS leads to activation of the PI3K signaling pathway, which promotes excessive alcohol consumption, and that inhibition of FGFR1 may provide a novel therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Long-term alcohol consumption causes neuroadaptations in the mesostriatal reward system, leading to addiction-related behaviors. We recently showed that alcohol upregulates the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in dorsomedial striatum (DMS) or rats and mice, and in turn, FGF2 increases alcohol consumption. Here, we show that long-term alcohol intake also increases the expression of the FGF2 receptor, FGFR1 in the DMS. Importantly, inhibition of FGFR1 activity by a selective receptor antagonist reduces alcohol drinking, when given systemically or directly into the DMS. We further show that the effects of FGF2-FGFR1 on alcohol drinking are mediated via activation of the PI3K intracellular signaling pathway, providing an insight on the mechanism for this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Segev Barak
- School of Psychological Sciences, and
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|