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Abdali SS, Yokoyama T, Yamamoto Y, Narita K, Hirakawa M, Saino T. Immunohistochemical analysis and distribution of epithelial mast cells in the rat larynx and trachea. Histochem Cell Biol 2024:10.1007/s00418-024-02309-6. [PMID: 39031197 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) in rat airways have been classified into two subtypes: epithelial MCs and connective tissue MCs (CTMCs). However, the immunohistochemical characteristics, cellular morphology, and distribution of epithelial MCs in the upper airways remain unclear. The present study investigated the morphological characteristics and distribution of epithelial MCs using 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and other immunohistochemical markers in sectioned or whole-mount preparations of the rat larynx and trachea. A double immunofluorescence analysis revealed the colocalization of 5-HT immunoreactivity with c-kit, a stem cell factor receptor commonly used as a MC marker, in both epithelial MCs and CTMCs. Dopa decarboxylase, an enzyme involved in 5-HT synthesis, was detected in both subtypes, suggesting their ability to synthesize and release 5-HT. Tryptase and histidine decarboxylase (a biosynthetic enzyme of histamine), which are well-known mediators of MCs, were exclusive to CTMCs. Epithelial MCs were pleomorphic with long cytoplasmic processes, whereas CTMCs were round and lacked cytoplasmic processes. The density of epithelial MCs was significantly higher in the glottis and cranial part of the trachea than in the epiglottis and other parts of the trachea. The present results showed that the morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics of epithelial MCs were different from those of CTMCs in the rat larynx and trachea, and variform epithelial MCs were predominantly located at the entrance of the upper airways. Epithelial MCs may release 5-HT to regulate innate immune responses by modulating epithelial cell functions at the entrance gate of the upper airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sharif Abdali
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Keishi Narita
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Masato Hirakawa
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Saino
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology), Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1 Idaidori, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa-gun, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
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Tzorakoleftheraki SE, Koletsa T. The Complex Role of Mast Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1173. [PMID: 39064602 PMCID: PMC11279237 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous malignancy influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. Mast cells (MCs), typically associated with allergic responses, have recently emerged as key regulators of the HNSCC tumor microenvironment (TME). This systematic review explores the role of MCs in HNSCC pathogenesis and their potential as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov databases until 31 December 2023, using "Mast cells" AND "Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma" as search terms. Studies in English which reported on MCs and HNSCC were included. Screening, data extraction and analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. No new experiments were conducted. Results: Out of 201 articles, 52 studies met the inclusion criteria, 43 of which were published between 2020 and 2023. A total of 28821 HNSCC and 9570 non-cancerous tissue samples had been examined. MC density and activation varied among normal tissues and HNSCC. Genetic alterations associated with MCs were identified, with specific gene expressions correlating with prognosis. Prognostic gene signatures associated with MC density were established. Conclusions: MCs have arisen as multifaceted TME modulators, impacting various aspects of HNSCC development and progression. Possible site-specific or HPV-related differences in MC density and activation should be further elucidated. Despite conflicting findings on their prognostic role, MCs represent promising targets for novel therapeutic strategies, necessitating further research and clinical validation for personalized HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Triantafyllia Koletsa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Jurjus R, Dosh L, Farhat R, Daccache T, El Masri J, Ghazi M, Hawi J, Leone A, Jurjus A. Lack of Syndecan-1 promotes the pathogenesis of experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Immunogenetics 2024; 76:145-154. [PMID: 38451352 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-024-01337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (Sdc-1), a transmembrane heparan sulfate protein, is implicated in several pathophysiological processes including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The exact role of Syndican-1 in this autoimmune disease is still undetermined. This study explores the involvement level of Sdc-1 in the development of RA in a collagen II-induced arthritis mice model. RA was induced in two mice strains (wild-type BALB/c group and Sdc-1 knockout) by collagen II. Mice underwent regular clinical observations and scoring. After sacrifice, leg biopsies were taken from mice for histological examination, using a variety of stains. In addition, proteins were extracted, and molecular assessment of TNF-α was performed using the western blot technique. In the Sdc-1 knockout group, clinical scoring results showed a significantly more severe experimental RA; histology showed a significant increase in bone erosion, cartilage destruction, inflammation, and less granulated mast cells than the wild-type. In addition, molecular assessment of TNF-α showed more increase in expression in the Sdc-1 knockout models compared to the wild-type. Data suggest that lack of Sdc-1 enhances the inflammatory characteristics in RA. However, more molecular studies and investigations are needed to determine its exact role and possible mechanisms involved.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Collagen Type II/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Syndecan-1/genetics
- Syndecan-1/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Laura Dosh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Rima Farhat
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Tatiana Daccache
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jad El Masri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Maya Ghazi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jihad Hawi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.
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Jahanbani F, Sing JC, Maynard RD, Jahanbani S, Dafoe J, Dafoe W, Jones N, Wallace KJ, Rastan A, Maecker HT, Röst HL, Snyder MP, Davis RW. Longitudinal cytokine and multi-modal health data of an extremely severe ME/CFS patient with HSD reveals insights into immunopathology, and disease severity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369295. [PMID: 38650940 PMCID: PMC11033372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) presents substantial challenges in patient care due to its intricate multisystem nature, comorbidities, and global prevalence. The heterogeneity among patient populations, coupled with the absence of FDA-approved diagnostics and therapeutics, further complicates research into disease etiology and patient managment. Integrating longitudinal multi-omics data with clinical, health,textual, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical data offers a promising avenue to address these complexities, aiding in the identification of underlying causes and providing insights into effective therapeutics and diagnostic strategies. Methods This study focused on an exceptionally severe ME/CFS patient with hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) during a period of marginal symptom improvements. Longitudinal cytokine profiling was conducted alongside the collection of extensive multi-modal health data to explore the dynamic nature of symptoms, severity, triggers, and modifying factors. Additionally, an updated severity assessment platform and two applications, ME-CFSTrackerApp and LexiTime, were introduced to facilitate real-time symptom tracking and enhance patient-physician/researcher communication, and evaluate response to medical intervention. Results Longitudinal cytokine profiling revealed the significance of Th2-type cytokines and highlighted synergistic activities between mast cells and eosinophils, skewing Th1 toward Th2 immune responses in ME/CFS pathogenesis, particularly in cognitive impairment and sensorial intolerance. This suggests a potentially shared underlying mechanism with major ME/CFS comorbidities such as HSD, Mast cell activation syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and small fiber neuropathy. Additionally, the data identified potential roles of BCL6 and TP53 pathways in ME/CFS etiology and emphasized the importance of investigating adverse reactions to medication and supplements and drug interactions in ME/CFS severity and progression. Discussion Our study advocates for the integration of longitudinal multi-omics with multi-modal health data and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to better understand ME/CFS and its major comorbidities. These findings highlight the significance of dysregulated Th2-type cytokines in patient stratification and precision medicine strategies. Additionally, our results suggest exploring the use of low-dose drugs with partial agonist activity as a potential avenue for ME/CFS treatment. This comprehensive approach emphasizes the importance of adopting a patient-centered care approach to improve ME/CFS healthcare management, disease severity assessment, and personalized medicine. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of ME/CFS and offer avenues for future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Jahanbani
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Justin Cyril Sing
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajan Douglas Maynard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Jahanbani
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Janet Dafoe
- ME/CFS Collaborative Research Center at Stanford, Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Whitney Dafoe
- ME/CFS Collaborative Research Center at Stanford, Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Nathan Jones
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kelvin J. Wallace
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Azuravesta Rastan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Immunity, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Hannes L. Röst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ronald W. Davis
- ME/CFS Collaborative Research Center at Stanford, Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Mamazhakypov A, Maripov A, Sarybaev AS, Schermuly RT, Sydykov A. Mast Cells in Cardiac Remodeling: Focus on the Right Ventricle. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:54. [PMID: 38392268 PMCID: PMC10889421 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to various stressors, cardiac chambers undergo structural remodeling. Long-term exposure of the right ventricle (RV) to pressure or volume overload leads to its maladaptive remodeling, associated with RV failure and increased mortality. While left ventricular adverse remodeling is well understood and therapeutic options are available or emerging, RV remodeling remains underexplored, and no specific therapies are currently available. Accumulating evidence implicates the role of mast cells in RV remodeling. Mast cells produce and release numerous inflammatory mediators, growth factors and proteases that can adversely affect cardiac cells, thus contributing to cardiac remodeling. Recent experimental findings suggest that mast cells might represent a potential therapeutic target. This review examines the role of mast cells in cardiac remodeling, with a specific focus on RV remodeling, and explores the potential efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting mast cells to mitigate adverse RV remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argen Mamazhakypov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Abdirashit Maripov
- Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Akpay S Sarybaev
- Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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6
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Zmorzynski S, Kimicka-Szajwaj A, Szajwaj A, Czerwik-Marcinkowska J, Wojcierowski J. Genetic Changes in Mastocytes and Their Significance in Mast Cell Tumor Prognosis and Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:137. [PMID: 38275618 PMCID: PMC10815783 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors are a large group of diseases occurring in dogs, cats, mice, as well as in humans. Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a disease involving the accumulation of mast cells in organs. KIT gene mutations are very often seen in abnormal mast cells. In SM, high KIT/CD117 expression is observed; however, there are usually no KIT gene mutations present. Mastocytoma (MCT)-a form of cutaneous neoplasm-is common in animals but quite rare in humans. KIT/CD117 receptor mutations were studied as the typical changes for human mastocytosis. In 80% of human cases, the KIT gene substitution p.D816H was present. In about 25% of MCTs, metastasis was observed. Changes in the gene expression of certain genes, such as overexpression of the DNAJ3A3 gene, promote metastasis. In contrast, the SNORD93 gene blocks the expression of metastasis genes. The panel of miR-21-5p, miR-379, and miR-885 has a good efficiency in discriminating healthy and MCT-affected dogs, as well as MCT-affected dogs with and without nodal metastasis. Further studies on the pathobiology of mast cells can lead to clinical improvements, such as better MCT diagnosis and treatment. Our paper reviews studies on the topic of mast cells, which have been carried out over the past few years.
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7
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Palmer RF, Dempsey TT, Afrin LB. Chemical Intolerance and Mast Cell Activation: A Suspicious Synchronicity. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:704-718. [PMID: 37987446 PMCID: PMC10660865 DOI: 10.3390/jox13040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemical Intolerance (CI) is characterized by intolerances for chemicals, foods, and drugs with multi-system symptoms. As yet, the biomechanism remains unclear. One study reported converging lines of evidence supporting a substantive association between mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) and CI. The purpose of this study is to (1) confirm a previous report demonstrating that 60% of MCAS patients report CI and (2) examine the parallels between symptoms and intolerances in CI and MCAS. Methods: Five hundred forty-four MCAS patients were assigned a clinical MCAS score using a validated assessment instrument and were assessed for CI using the validated Quick Environmental Exposure Sensitivity Index. Results: Our outcomes confirm the previously published study where the majority of MCAS patients also have CI. There was a clear overlap between various ICD-10 diagnostic categories and CI symptoms, providing further support for a potential shared mechanism. Conclusions: Exposures to pesticides, volatile organic compounds, combustion products, and mold have previously been reported as initiators of CI. However, until recently, little was known about the biological mechanism involved that could explain the multisystem symptoms associated with CI. This paper addresses a newly identified biomechanism for disease, which may underlie a host of "medically unexplained symptoms" triggered by xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F Palmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - Tania T Dempsey
- AIM Center for Personalized Medicine, Purchase, NY 10577, USA
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Abstract
Mastocytosis is characterized by expansion and activation of clonally aberrant mast cells (MCs) in one or more organ systems. Inappropriate MC activation is a key finding in both allergy and mastocytosis; therefore, symptoms in both conditions show some degree of overlap. When mediator release is excessive and involves multiple systems, anaphylaxis may occur. In mastocytosis, the prevalence of atopy is similar to those of the general population, whereas the incidence of anaphylaxis is significantly higher. The purpose of this review is to discuss features of allergy and anaphylaxis as well as the principles of managing MC mediator release symptoms in mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Gulen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, K85, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, SE-14186, Sweden; Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Mastocytosis Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Parente R, Giudice V, Cardamone C, Serio B, Selleri C, Triggiani M. Secretory and Membrane-Associated Biomarkers of Mast Cell Activation and Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087071. [PMID: 37108232 PMCID: PMC10139107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells distributed in many organs and tissues and involved in the pathogenesis of allergic and inflammatory diseases as a major source of pro-inflammatory and vasoactive mediators. MC-related disorders are heterogeneous conditions characterized by the proliferation of MC within tissues and/or MC hyper-reactivity that leads to the uncontrolled release of mediators. MC disorders include mastocytosis, a clonal disease characterized by tissue MC proliferation, and MC activation syndromes that can be primary (clonal), secondary (related to allergic disorders), or idiopathic. Diagnosis of MC disorders is difficult because symptoms are transient, unpredictable, and unspecific, and because these conditions mimic many other diseases. Validation of markers of MC activation in vivo will be useful to allow faster diagnosis and better management of MC disorders. Tryptase, being the most specific MC product, is a widely used biomarker of proliferation and activation. Other mediators, such as histamine, cysteinyl leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D2, are unstable molecules and have limitations in their assays. Surface MC markers, detected by flow cytometry, are useful for the identification of neoplastic MC in mastocytosis but, so far, none of them has been validated as a biomarker of MC activation. Further studies are needed to identify useful biomarkers of MC activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Parente
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Division of Hematology and Transplant Center, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Chiara Cardamone
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Bianca Serio
- Division of Hematology and Transplant Center, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Division of Hematology and Transplant Center, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
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Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. The Crosstalk between FcεRI and Sphingosine Signaling in Allergic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213892. [PMID: 36430378 PMCID: PMC9695510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid molecules have recently attracted attention as signaling molecules in allergic inflammation diseases. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is synthesized by two isoforms of sphingosine kinases (SPHK 1 and SPHK2) and is known to be involved in various cellular processes. S1P levels reportedly increase in allergic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and anaphylaxis. FcεRI signaling is necessary for allergic inflammation as it can activate the SPHKs and increase the S1P level; once S1P is secreted, it can bind to the S1P receptors (S1PRs). The role of S1P signaling in various allergic diseases is discussed. Increased levels of S1P are positively associated with asthma and anaphylaxis. S1P can either induce or suppress allergic skin diseases in a context-dependent manner. The crosstalk between FcεRI and S1P/SPHK/S1PRs is discussed. The roles of the microRNAs that regulate the expression of the components of S1P signaling in allergic inflammatory diseases are also discussed. Various reports suggest the role of S1P in FcεRI-mediated mast cell (MC) activation. Thus, S1P/SPHK/S1PRs signaling can be the target for developing anti-allergy drugs.
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11
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Hasler WL, Grabauskas G, Singh P, Owyang C. Mast cell mediation of visceral sensation and permeability in irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14339. [PMID: 35315179 PMCID: PMC9286860 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of mast cell structure or function may play prominent roles in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptom genesis. Mast cells show close apposition to sensory nerves and release bioactive substances in response to varied stimuli including infection, stress, and other neuroendocrine factors. Most studies focus on patients who develop IBS after enteric infection or who report diarrhea-predominant symptoms. Three topics underlying IBS pathogenesis have been emphasized in recent investigations. Visceral hypersensitivity to luminal stimulation is found in most IBS patients and may contribute to abdominal pain. Mast cell dysfunction also may disrupt epithelial barrier function which alters mucosal permeability potentially leading to altered bowel function and pain. Mast cell products including histamine, proteases, prostaglandins, and cytokines may participate in hypersensitivity and permeability defects, especially with diarrhea-predominant IBS. Recent experimental evidence indicates that the pronociceptive effects of histamine and proteases are mediated by the generation of prostaglandins in the mast cell. Enteric microbiome interactions including increased mucosal bacterial translocation may activate mast cells to elicit inflammatory responses underlying some of these pathogenic effects. Therapies to alter mast cell activity (mast cell stabilizers) or function (histamine antagonists) have shown modest benefits in IBS. Future investigations will seek to define patient subsets with greater potential to respond to therapies that address visceral hypersensitivity, epithelial permeability defects, and microbiome alterations secondary to mast cell dysfunction in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L. Hasler
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Gintautas Grabauskas
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Prashant Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Chung Owyang
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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12
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Therapeutic Targets in Allergic Conjunctivitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050547. [PMID: 35631374 PMCID: PMC9147625 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common condition resulting from exposure to allergens such as pollen, animal dander, or mold. It is typically mediated by allergen-induced crosslinking of immunoglobulin E attached to receptors on primed conjunctival mast cells, which results in mast cell degranulation and histamine release, as well as the release of lipid mediators, cytokines, and chemokines. The clinical result is conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, intense itching, and chemosis. Refractory and chronic cases can result in ocular surface complications that may be vision threatening. Patients who experience even mild forms of this disease report an impact on their quality of life. Current treatment options range from non-pharmacologic therapies to ocular and systemic options. However, to adequately control AC, the use of multiple agents is often required. As such, a precise understanding of the immune mechanisms responsible for this ocular surface inflammation is needed to support ongoing research for potential therapeutic targets such as chemokine receptors, cytokine receptors, non-receptor tyrosine kinases, and integrins. This review utilized several published articles regarding the current therapeutic options to treat AC, as well as the pathological and immune mechanisms relevant to AC. This review will also focus on cellular and molecular targets in AC, with particular emphasis on potential therapeutic agents that can attenuate the pathology and immune mechanisms driven by cells, receptors, and molecules that participate in the immunopathogenesis and immunopathology of AC.
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13
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Yang Z, Huang J, Liao Y, Gan S, Zhu S, Xu S, Shu Y, Lu W. ER Stress is Involved in Mast Cells Degranulation via IRE1α/miR-125/Lyn Pathway in an Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mouse Model. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1598-1609. [PMID: 35171433 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The degranulation of mast cells accounts for the development of neuroinflammation following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Inhibition of IRE1α, a sensor signaling protein related to endoplasmic reticulum stress, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in several neurological diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of IRE1α inhibition on mast cells degranulation in an ICH mouse model and to explore the contribution of miR-125/Lyn pathway in IRE1α-mediated mast cells degranulation. Male mice were subjected to ICH by intraparenchymal injection of autologous blood. STF083010, an inhibitor of IRE1α, was administered intranasally at 1 h after ICH induction. AntimiR-125 was delivered by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection prior to ICH induction to elucidate the possible mechanisms. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, neurological test, hematoma volume, brain water content, toluidine blue staining and reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were performed. Endogenous phosphorylated IRE1α (p-IRE1α), tryptase, interleukin-17A (IL-17A), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and tryptase mRNA were increased in time dependent manner while miR-125b-2-3p was decreased after ICH. Inhibition of IRE1α, with STF083010, remarkably reduced brain water content, improved neurological function, decreased hematoma volume, upregulated the expression of miR-125b-2-3p, decreased the number of mast cells, and downregulated the protein expression of Lyn kinase, XBP1s (spliced X-box binding protein-1), tryptase, IL-17A and TNF-α. The downregulation of Lyn kinase, tryptase, IL-17A, TNF-α, and decreased mast cells number were reversed by antimiR-125. The present findings demonstrate that IRE1α inhibition attenuates mast cells degranulation and neuroinflammation, at least partially, through IRE1α/miR-125/Lyn signaling pathway after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Yang
- Department of Anatomy & Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Anatomy & Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhui Liao
- Department of Anatomy & Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengwei Gan
- Department of Anatomy & Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujuan Zhu
- Department of Anatomy & Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiye Xu
- Department of Anatomy & Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Shu
- Department of Anatomy & Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weitian Lu
- Department of Anatomy & Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Ueshima C, Kataoka TR, Osakabe M, Sugimoto A, Ushirokawa A, Shibata Y, Nakamura H, Shibuya R, Minamiguchi S, Sugai T, Haga H. Decidualization of Stromal Cells Promotes Involvement of Mast Cells in Successful Human Pregnancy by Increasing Stem Cell Factor Expression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:779574. [PMID: 35173715 PMCID: PMC8841734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.779574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decidualization of endometrial stromal cells and the presence of immunocompetent cells, including human mast cells, play important roles in the establishment of pregnancy. In the present study, the effects of decidualization of endometrial stromal cells on the function of decidual mast cells were elucidated. The in vitro assay revealed that decidualization of an endometrial stromal cell line, T HESCs, increased stem cell factor (SCF) mRNA expression. Decidualization of T HESCs enhanced the production of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and the migration of LAD2 cells when co-cultured with T HESCs and LAD2 cells. In addition, decidualization of T HESCs enhanced cell migration in a human trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, increased CD9 expression, a marker for extravillous trophoblast (EVT) differentiation, and decreased the secretion of β human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a marker for syncytiotrophoblast (ST) differentiation, when co-cultured with T HESCs, LAD2 cells, and HTR-8/SVneo cells, in a LIF-dependent manner. Histological samples from uterine pregnancies, including decidual stromal cells, showed increased SCF mRNA expression, mast cell numbers and LIF mRNA expression thereof compared with tubal pregnancy. SCF produced by decidual stromal cells enhanced the migration and LIF production of mast cells, and promoted the migration and differentiation of trophoblasts to increase the likelihood of successful human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyuki Ueshima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuki R. Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tatsuki R. Kataoka, ;
| | - Mitsumasa Osakabe
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Hiroya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Rintaro Shibuya
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Japan
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Stamenov N, Kotov G, Iliev A, Landzhov B, Kirkov V, Stanchev S. Mast cells and basic fibroblast growth factor in physiological aging of rat heart and kidney. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:504-518. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.2024251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Stamenov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Kotov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandar Iliev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boycho Landzhov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vidin Kirkov
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stancho Stanchev
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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16
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Noto CN, Hoft SG, DiPaolo RJ. Mast Cells as Important Regulators in Autoimmunity and Cancer Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752350. [PMID: 34712668 PMCID: PMC8546116 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are an essential part of the immune system and are best known as important modulators of allergic and anaphylactic immune responses. Upon activation, mast cells release a multitude of inflammatory mediators with various effector functions that can be both protective and damage-inducing. Mast cells can have an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory immunological effect and play important roles in regulating autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Importantly, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity are linked to the development of specific cancers including pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Inflammatory mediators released from activated mast cells regulate immune responses and promote vascular permeability and the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation. Mast cells are present in increased numbers in tissues affected by autoimmune diseases as well as in tumor microenvironments where they co-localize with T regulatory cells and T effector cells. Mast cells can regulate immune responses by expressing immune checkpoint molecules on their surface, releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, and promoting vascularization of solid tumor sites. As a result of these immune modulating activities, mast cells have disease-modifying roles in specific autoimmune diseases and cancers. Therefore, determining how to regulate the activities of mast cells in different inflammatory and tumor microenvironments may be critical to discovering potential therapeutic targets to treat autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N Noto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stella G Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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17
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Basophils and Mast Cells in COVID-19 Pathogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102754. [PMID: 34685733 PMCID: PMC8534912 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils and mast cells are among the principal inducers of Th2 responses and have a crucial role in allergic and anti-parasitic protective immunity. Basophils can function as antigen-presenting cells that bind antigens on their surface and boost humoral immune responses, inducing Th2 cell differentiation. Their depletion results in lower humoral memory activation and greater infection susceptibility. Basophils seem to have an active role upon immune response to SARS-CoV-2. In fact, a coordinate adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is magnified by basophils. It has been observed that basophil amount is lower during acute disease with respect to the recovery phase and that the grade of this depletion is an important determinant of the antibody response to the virus. Moreover, mast cells, present in a great quantity in the nasal epithelial and lung cells, participate in the first immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Their activation results in a hyperinflammatory syndrome through the release of inflammatory molecules, participating to the “cytokine storm” and, in a longer period, inducing pulmonary fibrosis. The literature data suggest that basophil counts may be a useful prognostic tool for COVID-19, since their reduction is associated with a worse prognosis. Mast cells, on the other hand, represent a possible therapeutic target for reducing the airway inflammation characteristic of the hyperacute phase of the disease.
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18
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Klewer T, Bakic L, Müller-Reichert T, Kiewisz R, Jessberger G, Kiessling N, Roers A, Jessberger R. E-Cadherin restricts mast cell degranulation in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:44-53. [PMID: 34606636 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Crosslinking of FcεRI-bound IgE triggers the release of a large number of biologically active, potentially anaphylactic compounds by mast cells. FcεRI activation ought to be well-controlled to restrict adverse activation. As mast cells are embedded in tissues, adhesion molecules may contribute to limiting premature activation. Here, we report that E-Cadherin serves that purpose. Having confirmed that cultured mast cells express E-Cadherin, a mast-cell-specific E-Cadherin deficiency, Mcpt5-Cre E-Cdhfl/fl mice, was used to analyze mast cell degranulation in vitro and in vivo. Cultured peritoneal mast cells from Mcpt5-Cre E-Cdhfl/fl mice were normal with respect to many parameters but showed much-enhanced degranulation in three independent assays. Soluble E-Cadherin reduced the degranulation of control cells. The release of some newly synthesized inflammatory cytokines was decreased by E-Cadherin deficiency. Compared to controls, Mcpt5-Cre E-Cdhfl/fl mice reacted much stronger to IgE-dependent stimuli, developing anaphylactic shock. We suggest E-Cadherin-mediated tissue interactions restrict mast cell degranulation to prevent their precocious activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theres Klewer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ljubica Bakic
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller-Reichert
- Core Facility Cellular Imaging, Experimental Center, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Kiewisz
- Core Facility Cellular Imaging, Experimental Center, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gregor Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Kiessling
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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19
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Nguyen SMT, Rupprecht CP, Haque A, Pattanaik D, Yusin J, Krishnaswamy G. Mechanisms Governing Anaphylaxis: Inflammatory Cells, Mediators, Endothelial Gap Junctions and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157785. [PMID: 34360549 PMCID: PMC8346007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute, life-threatening multisystem allergic reaction resulting from the release of a plethora of mediators from mast cells culminating in serious respiratory, cardiovascular and mucocutaneous manifestations that can be fatal. Medications, foods, latex, exercise, hormones (progesterone), and clonal mast cell disorders may be responsible. More recently, novel syndromes such as delayed reactions to red meat and hereditary alpha tryptasemia have been described. Anaphylaxis manifests as sudden onset urticaria, pruritus, flushing, erythema, angioedema (lips, tongue, airways, periphery), myocardial dysfunction (hypovolemia, distributive or mixed shock and arrhythmias), rhinitis, wheezing and stridor. Vomiting, diarrhea, scrotal edema, uterine cramps, vaginal bleeding, urinary incontinence, dizziness, seizures, confusion, and syncope may occur. The traditional (or classical) pathway is mediated via T cells, Th2 cytokines (such as IL-4 and 5), B cell production of IgE and subsequent crosslinking of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils by IgE-antigen complexes, culminating in mast cell and basophil degranulation. Degranulation results in the release of preformed mediators (histamine, heparin, tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin G and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and of de novo synthesized ones such as lipid mediators (cysteinyl leukotrienes), platelet activating factor (PAF), cytokines and growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Of these, histamine, tryptase, cathepsin G, TNF-α, LTC4, PAF and VEGF can increase vascular permeability. Recent data suggest that mast cell-derived histamine and PAF can activate nitric oxide production from endothelium and set into motion a signaling cascade that leads to dilatation of blood vessels and dysfunction of the endothelial barrier. The latter, characterized by the opening of adherens junctions, leads to increased capillary permeability and fluid extravasation. These changes contribute to airway edema, hypovolemia, and distributive shock, with potentially fatal consequences. In this review, besides mechanisms (endotypes) underlying IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, we also provide a brief overview of IgG-, complement-, contact system-, cytokine- and mast cell-mediated reactions that can result in phenotypes resembling IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Such classifications can lead the way to precision medicine approaches to the management of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaisha Haque
- The Bill Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC 27106, USA;
| | - Debendra Pattanaik
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, UT Memphis College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 38103, USA;
| | - Joseph Yusin
- The Division of Allergy and Immunology, Greater Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90011, USA;
| | - Guha Krishnaswamy
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA;
- The Bill Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC 27106, USA;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Carthy E, Ellender T. Histamine, Neuroinflammation and Neurodevelopment: A Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:680214. [PMID: 34335160 PMCID: PMC8317266 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.680214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenic amine, histamine, has been shown to critically modulate inflammatory processes as well as the properties of neurons and synapses in the brain, and is also implicated in the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Indeed, a reduction in the synthesis of this neuromodulator has been associated with the disorders Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder, with evidence that this may be through the disruption of the corticostriatal circuitry during development. Furthermore, neuroinflammation has been associated with alterations in brain development, e.g., impacting synaptic plasticity and synaptogenesis, and there are suggestions that histamine deficiency may leave the developing brain more vulnerable to proinflammatory insults. While most studies have focused on neuronal sources of histamine it remains unclear to what extent other (non-neuronal) sources of histamine, e.g., from mast cells and other sources, can impact brain development. The few studies that have started exploring this in vitro, and more limited in vivo, would indicate that non-neuronal released histamine and other preformed mediators can influence microglial-mediated neuroinflammation which can impact brain development. In this Review we will summarize the state of the field with regard to non-neuronal sources of histamine and its impact on both neuroinflammation and brain development in key neural circuits that underpin neurodevelopmental disorders. We will also discuss whether histamine receptor modulators have been efficacious in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders in both preclinical and clinical studies. This could represent an important area of future research as early modulation of histamine from neuronal as well as non-neuronal sources may provide novel therapeutic targets in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Carthy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tommas Ellender
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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21
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Gülen T, Akin C, Bonadonna P, Siebenhaar F, Broesby-Olsen S, Brockow K, Niedoszytko M, Nedoszytko B, Oude Elberink HNG, Butterfield JH, Sperr WR, Alvarez-Twose I, Horny HP, Sotlar K, Schwaab J, Jawhar M, Zanotti R, Nilsson G, Lyons JJ, Carter MC, George TI, Hermine O, Gotlib J, Orfao A, Triggiani M, Reiter A, Hartmann K, Castells M, Arock M, Schwartz LB, Metcalfe DD, Valent P. Selecting the Right Criteria and Proper Classification to Diagnose Mast Cell Activation Syndromes: A Critical Review. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:3918-3928. [PMID: 34166845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, knowledge about mechanisms underlying mast cell activation (MCA) and accumulation in various pathologic conditions increased substantially. In addition, criteria and a classification of MCA syndromes (MCASs) have been set forth. MCAS is defined by typical clinical symptoms, a substantial increase in serum tryptase level during an attack over the patient's baseline tryptase, and a response of the symptoms to drugs targeting mast cells, mediator production, and/or mediator effects. Alternative diagnostic criteria of MCAS have also been suggested, but these alternative criteria often lack specificity and validation. In this report, we critically review the contemporary literature relating to MCAS and compare the specificity, sensitivity, and strength of MCAS-related parameters within proposals to diagnose and classify MCAS and its variants. Furthermore, we highlight the need to apply specific consensus criteria in the evaluation and classification of MCAS in individual patients. This is an urgent and important medical necessity because as an increasing number of patients are being given a misdiagnosis of MCAS based on nonspecific criteria, which contributes to confusion and frustration by patients and caregivers and sometimes may delay recognition and treatment of correct medical conditions that often turn out to be unrelated to MCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Gülen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | | | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Dermatological Allergology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigurd Broesby-Olsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Invicta Fertility and Reproductive Center, Molecular Laboratory, Sopot, Poland
| | - Hanneke N G Oude Elberink
- Department of Allergology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Alvarez-Twose
- Instituto de Estudios de Mastocitosis de Castilla La Mancha (CLMast) and CIBERONC, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roberta Zanotti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan J Lyons
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Melody C Carter
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Tracy I George
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Imagine Institute Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Centre National de Référence des Mastocytoses, Paris, France
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute/Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Servicio Central de Citometria, Centro de Investigacion del Cancer (IBMCC; CSIC/USAL), IBSAL, CIBERONC and Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Castells
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Mastocytosis Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Michel Arock
- Department of Hematological Biology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University (UPMC), Paris, France
| | - Lawrence B Schwartz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Żelechowska P, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Różalska S, Agier J, Kozłowska E. Mannan activates tissue native and IgE-sensitized mast cells to proinflammatory response and chemotaxis in TLR4-dependent manner. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:931-942. [PMID: 33047839 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0720-452r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells take part in host defense against microorganisms as they are numerous at the portal of infection, exert several essential mechanisms of pathogen destruction, and they express pattern recognition receptors. Accumulating evidence indicates that these cells are involved in the control and clearance of bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections, but much less is known about their contribution in defense against fungi. The study was aimed to establish whether mannan, which comprises an outermost layer and major structural constituent of the fungal cell wall, may directly stimulate tissue mast cells to the antifungal response. Our findings indicate that mannan activates mast cells isolated from the rat peritoneal cavity to initiate the proinflammatory response. We found that mannan stimulates mast cells to release histamine and to generate cysteinyl leukotrienes, cytokines (IFN-γ, GM-CSF, TNF), and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3). It also increased the mRNA expression of various cytokines/chemokines. We also documented that mannan strongly activates mast cells to generate reactive oxygen species and serves as a potent chemoattractant for these cells. Furthermore, we established that mannan-induced activity of mast cells is mediated via TLR4 with the involvement of the spleen tyrosine kinase molecule. Taking together, our results clearly support the idea that mast cells act as sentinel cells and crucially determine the course of the immune response during fungal infection. Additionally, presented data on IgE-coated mast cells suggest that exposure to fungal mannan could influence the severity of IgE-dependent diseases, including allergic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Żelechowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Różalska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Agier
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Thapsigargin-Stimulated LAD2 Human Mast Cell Line Is a Potent Cellular Adjuvant for the Maturation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells for Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083978. [PMID: 33921475 PMCID: PMC8069665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of dendritic cells (DCs) for adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) requires the maturation of ex vivo-produced immature(i) DCs. This maturation ensures that the antigen presentation triggers an immune response towards the antigen-expressing cells. Although there is a large number of maturation agents capable of inducing strong DC maturation, there is still only a very limited number of these agents approved for use in the production of DCs for ACI. In seeking novel DC maturation agents, we used differentially activated human mast cell (MC) line LAD2 as a cellular adjuvant to elicit or modulate the maturation of ex vivo-produced monocyte-derived iDCs. We found that co-culture of iDCs with differentially activated LAD2 MCs in serum-containing media significantly modulated polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C)-elicited DC maturation as determined through the surface expression of the maturation markers CD80, CD83, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DR. Once iDCs were generated in serum-free conditions, they became refractory to the maturation with poly I:C, and the LAD2 MC modulatory potential was minimized. However, the maturation-refractory phenotype of the serum-free generated iDCs was largely overcome by co-culture with thapsigargin-stimulated LAD2 MCs. Our data suggest that differentially stimulated mast cells could be novel and highly potent cellular adjuvants for the maturation of DCs for ACI.
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Campanile G, Baruselli PS, Limone A, D'Occhio MJ. Local action of cytokines and immune cells in communication between the conceptus and uterus during the critical period of early embryo development, attachment and implantation - Implications for embryo survival in cattle: A review. Theriogenology 2021; 167:1-12. [PMID: 33743503 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early embryo development, implantation and pregnancy involve a complex dialogue between the embryo and mother. In cattle this dialogue starts as early as days 3-4 when the embryo is still in the oviduct, and it continues to implantation. Immunological processes involving cytokines, mast cells and macrophages form an important part of this dialogue. Amongst the cytokines, interleukin-6 (Il-6) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) are secreted by both the embryo and uterine endometrium and form part of an ongoing and reciprocating dialogue. Mast cells and macrophages populate the uterine endometrium during embryo development and are involved in achieving the correct balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reactions at the uterus that are associated with embryo attachment and implantation. Embryo loss is the major cause of reproductive wastage in cattle, and livestock generally. A deeper understanding of immunological processes during early embryo development will help to achieve the next step change in the efficiency of natural and assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pietro S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Limone
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael J D'Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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25
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Li J, Ullah MA, Jin H, Liang Y, Lin L, Wang J, Peng X, Liao H, Li Y, Ge Y, Li L. ORMDL3 Functions as a Negative Regulator of Antigen-Mediated Mast Cell Activation via an ATF6-UPR-Autophagy-Dependent Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:604974. [PMID: 33679742 PMCID: PMC7933793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.604974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen (Ag)-mediated mast cell activation plays a critical role in the immunopathology of IgE-dependent allergic diseases. Restraining the signaling cascade that regulates the release of mast cell-derived inflammatory mediators is an attractive therapeutic strategy to treat allergic diseases. Orosomucoid-like-3 (ORMDL3) regulates the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. Although ERS/UPR/autophagy pathway is crucial in Ag-induced mast cell activation, it is unknown whether ORMDL3 regulates the ERS/UPR/autophagy pathway during mast cell activation. In this study, we found that ORMDL3 expression was downregulated in Ag-activated MC/9 cells. Overexpression of ORMDL3 significantly inhibited degranulation, and cytokine/chemokine production, while the opposite effect was observed with ORMDL3 knockdown in MC/9 cells. Importantly, ORMDL3 overexpression upregulated mediators of ERS-UPR (SERCA2b, ATF6) and autophagy (Beclin 1 and LC3BII). Knockdown of ATF6 and/or inhibition of autophagy reversed the decreased degranulation and cytokine/chemokine expression caused by ORMDL3 overexpression. Moreover, in vivo knockdown of ORMDL3 and/or ATF6 enhanced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions in mouse ears. These data indicate that ORMDL3 suppresses Ag-mediated mast cell activation via an ATF6 UPR-autophagy dependent pathway and thus, attenuates anaphylactic reaction. This highlights a potential mechanism to intervene in mast cell mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Md Ashik Ullah
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hongping Jin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuting Liang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lihui Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanjin Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanning Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Agier J, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Witczak P, Kozłowska E, Żelechowska P. The impact of TLR7 agonist R848 treatment on mast cell phenotype and activity. Cell Immunol 2021; 359:104241. [PMID: 33158544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bearing in mind that mast cell contribution to viral clearance is still not fully understood, in this study, we evaluated the effect of Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 viral single-stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) mimic ligand, namely resiquimod (R)848, on mast cell phenotype and activity. We demonstrated that rat peritoneal mast cells exhibit surface and intracellular expression of ssRNA-specific TLR7 molecule, and that mimic ligand switches the self-expression of this receptor. We also detected other proteins associated with the cellular antiviral response: interferon-alpha receptor 1 (IFNAR1), interferon-gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1), and major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I). Moreover, we showed that R848 caused the decrease of all molecule's expression after prolonged incubation. Interestingly, we found that R848 induced the increase of high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expression. Finally, we documented that TLR7 ligand-stimulated mast cells synthesize/release interferon (IFN)-α and -β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and chemokines CCL3, CXCL8, as well as pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Our findings confirm that mast cells may respond to TLR7 ligand by altering their phenotype and synthesizing mediators and could serve as active participants in the antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Agier
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Witczak
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Żelechowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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Ren H, Han R, Chen X, Liu X, Wan J, Wang L, Yang X, Wang J. Potential therapeutic targets for intracerebral hemorrhage-associated inflammation: An update. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1752-1768. [PMID: 32423330 PMCID: PMC7446569 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20923551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with high mortality and disability but no specific or effective treatment. In the last two decades, much has been learned about the pathologic mechanisms of ICH. It is now known that after ICH onset, immune and inflammatory responses contribute to blood-brain barrier disruption, edema development, and cell death processes, jointly resulting in secondary brain injury. However, the translation of potential therapies from preclinical to clinical success has been disappointing. With the development of new laboratory technology, recent progress has been made in the understanding of ICH pathomechanisms, and promising therapeutic targets have been identified. This review provides an update of recent progress on ICH and describes the prospects for further preclinical studies in this field. Our goal is to discuss new therapeutic targets and directions for the treatment of ICH and promote the effective transformation from preclinical to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ranran Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jieru Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Segovia-Mendoza M, Nava-Castro KE, Palacios-Arreola MI, Garay-Canales C, Morales-Montor J. How microplastic components influence the immune system and impact on children health: Focus on cancer. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1341-1361. [PMID: 32767490 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of human socioeconomic activity, industrial wastes have increased distressingly. Plastic pollution is globally distributed across the world due to its properties of buoyancy and durability. A big health hazard is the sorption of toxicants to plastic while traveling through the environment. Two broad classes of plastic-related chemicals are of critical concern for human health-bisphenols and phthalates. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disruptor compound (EDC) with estrogenic activity. It is used in the production of materials that are used daily. The endocrine modulating activity of BPA and its effects on reproductive health has been widely studied. BPA also has effects on the immune system; however, they are poorly investigated and the available data are inconclusive. Phthalates are also EDCs used as plasticizers in a wide array of daily-use products. Since these compounds are not covalently bound to the plastic matrix, they easily leach out from it, leading to high human exposure. These compounds exert several cell effects through modulating different endocrine pathways, such as estrogen, androgen, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and arylhydrocarbon receptor pathways. The exposure to both classes of plastic derivatives during critical periods has detrimental effects on human health. METHODS In this review, we have compiled the most important of their perinatal effects on the function of the immune system and their relationship to the development of different types of cancer. RESULTS/CONCLUSION The administration of bisphenols and phthalates during critical stages of development affects important immune system components, and the immune function; which might be related to the development of different diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karen E Nava-Castro
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Margarita I Palacios-Arreola
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia Garay-Canales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Kempuraj D, Selvakumar GP, Ahmed ME, Raikwar SP, Thangavel R, Khan A, Zaheer SA, Iyer SS, Burton C, James D, Zaheer A. COVID-19, Mast Cells, Cytokine Storm, Psychological Stress, and Neuroinflammation. Neuroscientist 2020; 26:402-414. [PMID: 32684080 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420941476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new pandemic infectious disease that originated in China. COVID-19 is a global public health emergency of international concern. COVID-19 causes mild to severe illness with high morbidity and mortality, especially in preexisting risk groups. Therapeutic options are now limited to COVID-19. The hallmark of COVID-19 pathogenesis is the cytokine storm with elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), chemokine (C-C-motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). COVID-19 can cause severe pneumonia, and neurological disorders, including stroke, the damage to the neurovascular unit, blood-brain barrier disruption, high intracranial proinflammatory cytokines, and endothelial cell damage in the brain. Mast cells are innate immune cells and also implicated in adaptive immune response, systemic inflammatory diseases, neuroinflammatory diseases, traumatic brain injury and stroke, and stress disorders. SARS-CoV-2 can activate monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, mast cells, neutrophils, and induce cytokine storm in the lung. COVID-19 can activate mast cells, neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause psychological stress and neuroinflammation. In conclusion, COVID-19 can induce mast cell activation, psychological stress, cytokine storm, and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Asher Khan
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Smita A Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, and the Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
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30
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Pal S, Nath S, Meininger CJ, Gashev AA. Emerging Roles of Mast Cells in the Regulation of Lymphatic Immuno-Physiology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1234. [PMID: 32625213 PMCID: PMC7311670 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are abundant in almost all vascularized tissues. Furthermore, their anatomical proximity to lymphatic vessels and their ability to synthesize, store and release a large array of inflammatory and vasoactive mediators emphasize their significance in the regulation of the lymphatic vascular functions. As a major secretory cell of the innate immune system, MCs maintain their steady-state granule release under normal physiological conditions; however, the inflammatory response potentiates their ability to synthesize and secrete these mediators. Activation of MCs in response to inflammatory signals can trigger adaptive immune responses by dendritic cell-directed T cell activation. In addition, through the secretion of various mediators, cytokines and growth factors, MCs not only facilitate interaction and migration of immune cells, but also influence lymphatic permeability, contractility, and vascular remodeling as well as immune cell trafficking through the lymphatic vessels. In summary, the consequences of these events directly affect the lymphatic niche, influencing inflammation at multiple levels. In this review, we have summarized the recent advancements in our understanding of the MC biology in the context of the lymphatic vascular system. We have further highlighted the MC-lymphatic interaction axis from the standpoint of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Pal
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Shubhankar Nath
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
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31
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Elieh Ali Komi D, Wöhrl S, Bielory L. Mast Cell Biology at Molecular Level: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:342-365. [PMID: 31828527 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are portions of the innate and adaptive immune system derived from bone marrow (BM) progenitors that are rich in cytoplasmic granules. MC maturation, phenotype, and function are determined by their microenvironment. MCs accumulate at inflammatory sites associated with atopy, wound healing, and malignancies. They interact with the external environment and are predominantly located in close proximity of blood vessels and sensory nerves. MCs are key initiators and modulators of allergic, anaphylactic, and other inflammatory reactions, by induction of vasodilation, promoting of vascular permeability, recruitment of inflammatory cells, facilitation of adaptive immune responses, and modulation of angiogenesis, and fibrosis. They express a wide range of receptors, e.g., for IgE (FcεRI), IgG (FcγR), stem cell factor (SCF) (KIT receptor or CD117), complement (including C5aR), and cytokines, that upon activation trigger various signaling pathways. The final consequence of such ligand receptor-based activation of MCs is the release of a broad array of mediators which are classified in three categories. While some mediators are preformed and remain stored in granules such as heparin, histamine, and enzymes mainly chymase and tryptase, others are de novo synthesized only after activation including LTB4, LTD4, PDG2, and PAF, and the cytokines IL-10, IL-8, IL-5, IL-3, IL-1, GM-CSF, TGF-β, VEGF, and TNF-α. Depending on the stimulus, MCs calibrate their pattern of mediator release, modulate the amplification of allergic inflammation, and are involved in the resolution of the immune responses. Here, we review recent findings and reports that help to understand the MC biology, pathology, and physiology of diseases with MC involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Stefan Wöhrl
- Floridsdorf Allergy Center (FAZ), Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonard Bielory
- Department of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, 400 Mountain Avenue, Springfield, NJ, 07081-2515, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson Universi ty Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Rutgers University Center of Environmental Prediction, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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32
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Arambula SE, McCarthy MM. Neuroendocrine-Immune Crosstalk Shapes Sex-Specific Brain Development. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa055. [PMID: 32270188 PMCID: PMC7217281 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sex is an essential biological variable that significantly impacts multiple aspects of neural functioning in both the healthy and diseased brain. Sex differences in brain structure and function are organized early in development during the critical period of sexual differentiation. While decades of research establish gonadal hormones as the primary modulators of this process, new research has revealed a critical, and perhaps underappreciated, role of the neuroimmune system in sex-specific brain development. The immune and endocrine systems are tightly intertwined and share processes and effector molecules that influence the nervous system. Thus, a natural question is whether endocrine-immune crosstalk contributes to sexual differentiation of the brain. In this mini-review, we first provide a conceptual framework by classifying the major categories of neural sex differences and review the concept of sexual differentiation of the brain, a process occurring early in development and largely controlled by steroid hormones. Next, we describe developmental sex differences in the neuroimmune system, which may represent targets or mediators of the sexual differentiation process. We then discuss the overwhelming evidence in support of crosstalk between the neuroendocrine and immune systems and highlight recent examples that shape sex differences in the brain. Finally, we review how early life events can perturb sex-specific neurodevelopment via aberrant immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl E Arambula
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Margaret M McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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33
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Song Y, Lu M, Yuan H, Chen T, Han X. Mast cell-mediated neuroinflammation may have a role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:714-726. [PMID: 32742317 PMCID: PMC7388140 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorder with a serious negative impact on the quality of life from childhood until adulthood, which may cause academic failure, family disharmony and even social unrest. The pathogenesis of ADHD has remained to be fully elucidated, leading to difficulties in the treatment of this disease. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk of ADHD development. Certain studies indicated that ADHD has high comorbidity with allergic and autoimmune diseases, with various patients with ADHD having a high inflammatory status. Increasing evidence indicated that mast cells (MCs) are involved in the pathogenesis of brain inflammation and neuropsychiatric disorders. MCs may cause or aggravate neuroinflammation via the selective release of inflammatory factors, interaction with glial cells and neurons, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis or disruption of the blood-brain barrier integrity. In the present review, the notion that MC activation may be involved in the occurrence and development of ADHD through a number of ways is discussed based on previously published studies. The association between MCs and ADHD appears to lack sufficient evidence at present and this hypothesis is considered to be worthy of further study, providing a novel perspective for the treatment of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Song
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Manqi Lu
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Yuan
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Han
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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Nian JB, Zeng M, Zheng J, Zeng LY, Fu Z, Huang QJ, Wei X. Epithelial cells expressed IL-33 to promote degranulation of mast cells through inhibition on ST2/PI3K/mTOR-mediated autophagy in allergic rhinitis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1132-1142. [PMID: 32298206 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1749402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal epithelial cells are the first barrier against allergen infiltration in allergic rhinitis (AR), and the relationship between nasal epithelial cells and mast cell-mediated hypersensitivity remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the possible association between allergen-challenged nasal epithelial cells (AR-HNEpC) and mast cell degranulation in AR. Our data revealed that calcium influx and degranulation were increased in AR-HNEpC-co-cultured mast cells. Expression of IL-33, a factor that binds to ST2 receptors on mast cells and regulates their degranulation, was elevated in AR-HNEpC. Blocking IL-33/ST2 pathway activated autophagy and inhibited degranulation and inflammatory factor release in mast cells. Furthermore, PI3K/mTOR was increased in IL-33-treated mast cells. Inhibition on PI3K/mTOR pathway enhanced autophagy and inhibited degranulation. Analysis using an in vivo AR model supported the above findings. In conclusion, IL-33 from epithelial cells promotes degranulation of mast cells in AR through inhibition on ST2/PI3K/mTOR-mediated autophagy, which provides a potential therapeutic target for the disease.Abbreviations: AR: allergic rhinitis; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; INF-γ: interferon-gamma; HNEpC: human nasal epithelial cell line; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; C48/80: compound 48/80; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; qPCR: quantitative PCR; AR-HNEpC: dust mite allergen-treated nasal epithelial cells; IgE: immunoglobulin E; Atg7: autophagy-related gene 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin Nian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Min Zeng
- Medical Center, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Ya Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Fu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Ju Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan Province, P.R. China
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35
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Yousef M, Crozier RW, Hicks NJ, Watson CJ, Boyd T, Tsiani E, MacNeil AJ. Attenuation of allergen‐mediated mast cell activation by rosemary extract (
Rosmarinus officinalis
L.). J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:843-857. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0320-434r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yousef
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Robert W.E. Crozier
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Natalie J. Hicks
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Colton J.F. Watson
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Tylar Boyd
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
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36
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Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Hypereosinophilic Syndromes and Mast Cell Disorders: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 57:194-212. [PMID: 30003499 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypereosinophilic syndrome and mastocytosis are relatively rare proliferative diseases encountered in the general population. However, allergists frequently consider these disorders in the differential of patients presenting with gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cutaneous, and allergic symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms are some of the most frequent and/or debilitating aspects of both disease states and in many cases lead to poor quality of life and functional limitation for the patient. They are the third most common clinical manifestation in hypereosinophilic syndrome and have been found to be the most distressful aspect of the disorder in those with systemic mastocytosis. Both eosinophils and mast cells play integral parts in normal gut physiology, but when and how exactly their effector functionality translates into clinically significant disease remains unclear, and the available literature regarding their pathophysiology remains sparse. Eosinophils and mast cells even, in fact, may not necessarily function in isolation from each other but can participate in bidirectional crosstalk. Both are affected by similar mediators and can also influence one another in a paracrine fashion. Their interactions include both production of soluble mediators for specific eosinophil and mast cell receptors (for example, eosinophil recruitment and activation by mast cells releasing histamine and eotaxin) as well as direct physical contact. The mechanistic relationship between clonal forms of hypereosinophilia and systemic mastocytosis has also been explored. The nature of gastrointestinal symptomatology in the setting of both hypereosinophilic syndrome and mast cell disease is frequently manifold, heterogeneous, and the lack of better targeted therapy makes diagnosis and management challenging, especially when faced with a substantial differential. Currently, the management of these gastrointestinal symptoms relies on the treatment of the overall disease process. In hypereosinophilia patients, systemic corticosteroids are mainstay, although steroid-sparing agents such as hydroxyurea, IFN-α, methotrexate, cyclosporine, imatinib, and mepolizumab have been utilized with varying success. In mastocytosis patients, anti-mediator therapy with antihistamines and mast cell stabilization with cromolyn sodium can be considered treatments of choice, followed by other therapies yet to be thoroughly studied, including the role of the low-histamine diet, corticosteroids, and treatment of associated IBS symptoms. Given that both eosinophils and mast cells may have joint pathophysiologic roles, they have the potential to be a combined target for therapeutic intervention in disease states exhibiting eosinophil or mast cell involvement.
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37
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The Response of Tissue Mast Cells to TLR3 Ligand Poly(I:C) Treatment. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:2140694. [PMID: 32185237 PMCID: PMC7060451 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2140694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are found mainly at the anatomical sites exposed to the external environment; thus, they are localized close to blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and a multitude of immune cells. Moreover, those cells can recognize invading pathogens through a range of surface molecules known as pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), mainly Toll-like receptors (TLRs). MCs are extensively engaged in the control and clearance of bacterial infections, but much less is known about their contribution to antiviral host response as well as pathomechanisms of virus-induced diseases. In the study, we employed in vivo differentiated mature tissue mast cells freshly isolated from rat peritoneal cavity. Here, we demonstrated that rat peritoneal mast cells (rPMCs) express viral dsRNA-specific TLR3 molecule (intracellularly and on the cell surface) as well as other proteins associated with cellular antiviral response: IRF3, type I and II IFN receptors, and MHC I. We found that exposure of rPMCs to viral dsRNA mimic, i.e., poly(I:C), induced transient upregulation of surface TLR3 (while temporarily decreased TLR3 intracellular expression), type II IFN receptor, and MHC I. TLR3 ligand-stimulated rPMCs did not degranulate but generated and/or released type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFNβ) as well as proinflammatory lipid mediators (cysLTs), cytokines (TNF, IL-1β), and chemokines (CCL3, CXCL8). We documented that rPMC priming with poly(I:C) did not affect FcεRI-dependent degranulation. However, their costimulation with TLR3 agonist and anti-IgE led to a significant increase in cysLT and TNF secretion. Our findings confirm that MCs may serve as active participants in the antiviral immune response. Presented data on modulated FcεRI-mediated MC secretion of mediators upon poly(I:C) treatment suggests that dsRNA-type virus infection could influence the severity of allergic reactions.
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38
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Harcha PA, López X, Sáez PJ, Fernández P, Barría I, Martínez AD, Sáez JC. Pannexin-1 Channels Are Essential for Mast Cell Degranulation Triggered During Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2703. [PMID: 31849935 PMCID: PMC6896164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) release pro-inflammatory mediators through a process called degranulation response. The latter may be induced by several conditions, including antigen recognition through immunoglobulin E (IgE) or "cross-linking," classically associated with Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Early in this reaction, Ca2+ influx and subsequent increase of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration are essential for MC degranulation. Several membrane channels that mediate Ca2+ influx have been proposed, but their role remains elusive. Here, we evaluated the possible contribution of pannexin-1 channels (Panx1 Chs), well-known as ATP-releasing channels, in the increase of intracellular Ca2+ triggered during cross-linking reaction of MCs. The contribution of Panx1 Chs in the degranulation response was evaluated in MCs from wild type (WT) and Panx1 knock out (Panx1-/-) mice after anti-ovalbumin (OVA) IgE sensitization. Notably, the degranulation response (toluidine blue and histamine release) was absent in Panx1-/- MCs. Moreover, WT MCs showed a rapid and transient increase in Ca2+ signal followed by a sustained increase after antigen stimulation. However, the sustained increase in Ca2+ signal triggered by OVA was absent in Panx1-/- MCs. Furthermore, OVA stimulation increased the membrane permeability assessed by dye uptake, a prevented response by Panx1 Ch but not by connexin hemichannel blockers and without effect on Panx1-/- MCs. Interestingly, the increase in membrane permeability of WT MCs was also prevented by suramin, a P2 purinergic inhibitor, suggesting that Panx1 Chs act as ATP-releasing channels impermeable to Ca2+. Accordingly, stimulation with exogenous ATP restored the degranulation response and sustained increase in Ca2+ signal of OVA stimulated Panx1-/- MCs. Moreover, opening of Panx1 Chs in Panx1 transfected HeLa cells increased dye uptake and ATP release but did not promote Ca2+ influx, confirming that Panx1 Chs permeable to ATP are not permeable to Ca2+. These data strongly suggest that during antigen recognition, Panx1 Chs contribute to the sustained Ca2+ signal increase via release of ATP that activates P2 receptors, playing a critical role in the sequential events that leads to degranulation response during Type I hypersensitivity reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma A Harcha
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencias and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ximena López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencias and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Paola Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencias and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Iván Barría
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencias and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Agustín D Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencias and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencias and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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39
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Youngblood BA, Brock EC, Leung J, Falahati R, Bochner BS, Rasmussen HS, Peterson K, Bebbington C, Tomasevic N. Siglec-8 antibody reduces eosinophils and mast cells in a transgenic mouse model of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126219. [PMID: 31465299 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant accumulation and activation of eosinophils and potentially mast cells (MCs) contribute to the pathogenesis of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs), including eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), gastritis (EG), and gastroenteritis (EGE). Current treatment options, such as diet restriction and corticosteroids, have limited efficacy and are often inappropriate for chronic use. One promising new approach is to deplete eosinophils and inhibit MCs with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 8 (Siglec-8), an inhibitory receptor selectively expressed on MCs and eosinophils. Here, we characterize MCs and eosinophils from human EG and EoE biopsies using flow cytometry and evaluate the effects of an anti-Siglec-8 mAb using a potentially novel Siglec-8-transgenic mouse model in which EG/EGE was induced by ovalbumin sensitization and intragastric challenge. MCs and eosinophils were significantly increased and activated in human EG and EoE biopsies compared with healthy controls. Similar observations were made in EG/EGE mice. In Siglec-8-transgenic mice, anti-Siglec-8 mAb administration significantly reduced eosinophils and MCs in the stomach, small intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes and decreased levels of inflammatory mediators. In summary, these findings suggest a role for both MCs and eosinophils in EGID pathogenesis and support the evaluation of anti-Siglec-8 as a therapeutic approach that targets both eosinophils and MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Leung
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
| | | | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Kathryn Peterson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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40
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Succar J, Giatsidis G, Yu N, Hassan K, Khouri R, Gurish MF, Pejler G, Åbrink M, Orgill DP. Mouse Mast Cell Protease-4 Recruits Leukocytes in the Inflammatory Phase of Surgically Wounded Skin. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:469-475. [PMID: 31456904 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Mouse mast cell protease-4 (mMCP-4, also known as chymase) has both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles depending on the disease model. However, its effects have not been studied in surgically wounded skin. Given the significant clinical applications of modulating the inflammatory response in wound healing, we examined the role of mMCP-4 and the effect of its inhibitor chymostatin on leukocyte and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) recruitment in our skin model. Approach: Recruitment was assessed on day-1 postwounding of three groups of mice (n = 10 each): mMCP-4 null mice, wild-type (WT) mice treated with the mMCP-4 inhibitor chymostatin, and WT with no other intervention. Leukocytes were stained with CD-45 cell marker, and PMN cells were stained with chloroacetate esterase. Results: The WT mice had 27 ± 9 leukocytes per field compared with 11 ± 6 for the mMCP-4 nulls, a decrease of 60% (p = 0.03), whereas the chymostatin-injected group had a count comparable with the uninjected WT controls at 24 ± 9. The WT group had a PMN count of 96 ± 12 cells, compared with just 24 ± 8 in the mMCP-4 null group, a decrease of 75% (p = 0.001), whereas the chymostatin-treated group had 60 ± 18 cells, a decrease of 38% compared with the WT group (p = 0.03). Innovation: We showed that the inflammatory process can be influenced by impeding the arrival of PMNs into the surgically injured site using the mMCP-4 inhibitor chymostatin. Conclusion: Chymase contributes to the recruitment of white blood cells in surgically wounded skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Succar
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital—Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giorgio Giatsidis
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital—Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nanze Yu
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital—Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kazi Hassan
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital—Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Roger Khouri
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital—Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael F. Gurish
- Human Immunology Center, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital—Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Åbrink
- Section of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dennis Paul Orgill
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery Brigham and Women's Hospital—Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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41
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Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Interferes with the Apoptosis of Human Skin Mast Cells by a Dual Strategy Involving STAT5/Mcl-1 and JNK/Bcl-x L. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080829. [PMID: 31387206 PMCID: PMC6721763 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play critical roles in allergic and inflammatory reactions and contribute to multiple pathologies in the skin, in which they show increased numbers, which frequently correlates with severity. It remains ill-defined how MC accumulation is established by the cutaneous microenvironment, in part because research on human MCs rarely employs MCs matured in the tissue, and extrapolations from other MC subsets have limitations, considering the high level of MC heterogeneity. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)—released by epithelial cells, like keratinocytes, following disturbed homeostasis and inflammation—has attracted much attention, but its impact on skin MCs remains undefined, despite the vast expression of the TSLP receptor by these cells. Using several methods, each detecting a distinct component of the apoptotic process (membrane alterations, DNA degradation, and caspase-3 activity), our study pinpoints TSLP as a novel survival factor of dermal MCs. TSLP confers apoptosis resistance via concomitant activation of the TSLP/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5 / myeloid cell leukemia (Mcl)-1 route and a newly uncovered TSLP/ c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK)/ B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-xL axis, as evidenced by RNA interference and pharmacological inhibition. Our findings highlight the potential contribution of TSLP to the MC supportive niche of the skin and, vice versa, highlight MCs as crucial responders to TSLP in the context of TSLP-driven disorders.
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42
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Gremida A, Mir F, McCarthy D. A Granular Approach to a Patient with Diarrhea and Flushing. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:1792-1797. [PMID: 31111279 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Gremida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MSC 10-5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Fazia Mir
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Presbyterian Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Denis McCarthy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MSC 10-5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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43
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Sharma N, Ponce M, Kaul S, Pan Z, Berry DM, Eiwegger T, McGlade CJ. SLAP Is a Negative Regulator of FcεRI Receptor-Mediated Signaling and Allergic Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1020. [PMID: 31156621 PMCID: PMC6529641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of antigen to IgE-high affinity FcεRI complexes on mast cells and basophils results in the release of preformed mediators such as histamine and de novo synthesis of cytokines causing allergic reactions. Src-like adapter protein (SLAP) functions co-operatively with c-Cbl to negatively regulate signaling downstream of the T cell receptor, B cell receptor, and receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Here, we investigated the role of SLAP in FcεRI-mediated mast cell signaling, using bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) from SLAP knock out (SLAP KO) mice. Mature SLAP-KO BMMCs displayed significantly enhanced antigen induced degranulation and synthesis of IL-6, TNFα, and MCP-1 compared to wild type (WT) BMMCs. In addition, SLAP KO mice displayed an enhanced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis response. In agreement with a negative regulatory role, SLAP KO BMMCs showed enhanced FcεRI-mediated signaling to downstream effector kinases, Syk, Erk, and Akt. Recombinant GST-SLAP protein binds to the FcεRIβ chain and to the Cbl-b in mast cell lysates, suggesting a role in FcεRI down regulation. In addition, the ubiquitination of FcεRIγ chain and antigen mediated down regulation of FcεRI is impaired in SLAP KO BMMCs compared to the wild type. In line with these findings, stimulation of peripheral blood human basophils with FcεRIα antibody, or a clinically relevant allergen, resulted in increased SLAP expression. Together, these results indicate that SLAP is a dynamic regulator of IgE-FcεRI signaling, limiting allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namit Sharma
- Program in Cell Biology and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marta Ponce
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Savar Kaul
- Program in Cell Biology and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhongda Pan
- Program in Cell Biology and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donna M Berry
- Program in Cell Biology and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Food allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine J McGlade
- Program in Cell Biology and the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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44
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Derakhshani A, Vahidian F, Alihasanzadeh M, Mokhtarzadeh A, Lotfi Nezhad P, Baradaran B. Mast cells: A double-edged sword in cancer. Immunol Lett 2019; 209:28-35. [PMID: 30905824 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), a type of innate immune cells, are derived from myeloid stem cells, sometimes known as mastocytes or labrocytes, and contain many granules rich in histamine and heparin. The mentioned cells are able to release various mediators such as cytokines, leukotrienes, and a large number of proteases into the environment. Many studies and experiments have established the infiltration of MCs into the tumor site. However, the findings are highly controversial to determine whether these immune cells contribute to the growth and development of the tumor or cause anti-tumor immune responses. Various studies have revealed that MCs have a pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic role depending on the type of cancer, the degree of tumor progression, and the location of these immune cells in the tumor bulk. Although these types of immune cells cause angiogenesis and tumor progression in some cancers, they have a significant anti-tumor role in some other types of cancers. In general, although a number of studies have specified the protective role of MCs in cancers, the increased number of MCs in the blood and microenvironment of tumors, as well as the increased level of angiogenesis and tumor progression, has been indicated in another array of studies. The function of MCs against or in favor of the cancers still requires further investigations to more accurately and specifically determine the role of MCs in the cancers. The function of MCs in tumors and their various roles in case of exposure to the cancer cells have been addressed in the present review. The concluding section of the present study recommends a number of methods for modification of MCs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Derakhshani
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Vahidian
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alihasanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Lotfi Nezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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45
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Li NC, Li MY, Chen B, Guo Y. A New Perspective of Acupuncture: The Interaction among Three Networks Leads to Neutralization. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:2326867. [PMID: 30915143 PMCID: PMC6409053 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2326867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture has been used to treat multiple medical conditions, but whether the diverse effects of acupuncture are intrinsically linked and how they might be connected have yet to be determined. More and more researches have shown that acupuncture is a kind of nociceptive stimulus, which can cause inflammatory reaction in the sites of acupuncture and then further activate the nerve-endocrine-immune systems to cause the cascade amplification of the acupuncture effect. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature concerning the role of "acupoint-meridian-disease network" in various effects of acupuncture and suggest a novel notion that acupuncture may restore homeostasis under different pathological conditions by regulating this network, resulting in the activation of different reaction cascades in response to pathological injury. We think that acupuncture acts on acupoints, first activating the small network of acupoints (Acupoint Network). The information of acupuncture is amplified by cascade, and the nerve endocrine immune system (NEI) is activated through the large network of meridians (Meridian Network) of the body itself. The nerve-endocrine-immune system (NEI) further outputs the effect information to the target organ through multilevel and multisystems and finally acts on the disease network (Disease Network) to produce acupuncture effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-cen Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Acupuncture Research Center of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming-yue Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Acupuncture Research Center of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Acupuncture Research Center of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Chinese Medicine College of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Lefebvre H, Duparc C, Naccache A, Lopez AG, Castanet M, Louiset E. Paracrine Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion in Physiological and Pathophysiological Conditions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 109:303-339. [PMID: 30678861 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone secretion by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex is controlled by circulating factors including the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and potassium. Mineralocorticoid production is also regulated through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism by a wide variety of bioactive signals released in the vicinity of adrenocortical cells by chromaffin cells, nerve endings, cells of the immune system, endothelial cells and adipocytes. These regulatory factors include conventional neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Their physiological role in the control of aldosterone secretion is not fully understood, but it is likely that they participate in the RAS-independent regulation of zona glomerulosa cells. Interestingly, recent observations indicate that autocrine/paracrine processes are involved in the pathophysiology of primary aldosteronism. The intraadrenal regulatory systems observed in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA), although globally similar to those occurring in the normal adrenal gland, harbor alterations at different levels, which tend to strengthen the potency of paracrine signals to activate aldosterone secretion. Enhancement of paracrine stimulatory tone may participate to APA expansion and aldosterone hypersecretion together with somatic mutations of driver genes which activate the calcium signaling pathway and subsequently aldosterone synthase expression. Intraadrenal regulatory mechanisms represent thus promising pharmacological targets for the treatment of primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Lefebvre
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - Céline Duparc
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Naccache
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France; Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Antoine-Guy Lopez
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Mireille Castanet
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France; Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Estelle Louiset
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, Rouen, France
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are physiologically activated by binding of stem cell factor (SCF) to the extracellular domains of the Kit receptor. This binding increases the proliferation and prolongs the survival of normal mature MCs, as well as intensifies the release of mediators. In mastocytosis, somatic mutations of the coding Kit gene cause autocrine dysregulation and lead to constitutive KIT activation even in the absence of its ligand SCF. Clinical symptoms are caused by MC-mediator release and/or infiltration of MCs into tissues. Aberrant KIT activation may result in increased production of MCs in the skin and extracutaneous organs. Depending on the affected organ(s), the disease can be divided into cutaneous mastocytosis (CM), systemic mastocytosis (SM), and localized MC tumors. The updated classification of WHO discriminates between several distinct subvariants of CM and SM. While the prognosis in CM and indolent SM (ISM) is excellent with (almost) normal life expectancy, the prognosis in aggressive SM (ASM) and MC leukemia (MCL) is dismal. The symptoms may comprise urticaria, angioedema, flush, pruritus, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hypotension, syncope, and musculoskeletal pain and are the results of MC infiltration and mediator release into target organs, i.e., the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. Mastocytosis differs from a lot of other hematological disorders because its pathology is not only based on the lack of normal function of a specific pathway or of a specific cell type but additionally is a proliferative disease. Currently available treatments of mastocytosis include symptomatic, antimediator and cytoreductive targeted therapies.
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The Cell Research Trends of Asthma: A Stem Frequency Analysis of the Literature. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2018; 2018:9363820. [PMID: 30210753 PMCID: PMC6126072 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9363820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study summarized asthma literature indexed in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and explored the history and present trends of asthma cell research by stem frequency ranking to forecast the prospect of future work. Methods Literature was obtained from MEDLINE for the past 30 years and divided into three groups by decade as the retrieval time. The frequency of stemmed words in each group was calculated using Python with Apache Spark and the Natural Language Tool Kit for ranking. The unique stems or shared stems of 3 decades were summarized. Results A total of 1331, 4393, and 7215 records were retrieved from 3 decades chronologically, and the stem ranking of the top 50 were listed by frequency. The number of stems shared with 3 decades was 26 and with the first and last 2 decades was 5 and 13. Conclusions The number of cell research studies of asthma has increased rapidly, and scholars have paid more attentions on experimental research, especially on mechanistic research. Eosinophils, mast cells, and T cells are the hot spots of immunocyte research, while epithelia and smooth muscle cells are the hot spots of structural cell research. The research trend is closely linked with the development of experimental technology, including animal models. Early studies featured basic research, but immunity research has dominated in recent decades. The distinct definition of asthma phenotypes associated with genetic characteristics, immunity research, and the introduction of new cells will be the hot spots in future work.
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Costela-Ruiz VJ, Illescas-Montes R, Pavón-Martínez R, Ruiz C, Melguizo-Rodríguez L. Role of mast cells in autoimmunity. Life Sci 2018; 209:52-56. [PMID: 30067942 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases result from an immune response against structures of the organism itself. Their etiology is unknown, although they have been associated with genetic and environmental factors and the participation of mast cells has recently been proposed. The objective of this review was to provide an update on the role of mast cells in these diseases. According to the literature, mast cells not only intervene in immune processes as a defense mechanism but are also involved in the development of disease. Thus, mast cells may participate in important ways in autoimmune diseases through the secretion of cytokines or release of enzymes from their cytoplasmic granules or through the activity of proinflammatory mediators released by these cells. Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of mast cells in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor J Costela-Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Rebeca Illescas-Montes
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosalía Pavón-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª planta, 18012 Granada, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Granada, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIBM), Parque de Tecnológico de la Salud (PTS) Avda. del Conocimiento S/N, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Lucia Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, C/ Doctor Azpitarte 4, 4ª planta, 18012 Granada, Spain
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50
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Larsen LF, Juel-Berg N, Hansen A, Hansen KS, Mills ENC, van Ree R, Rådinger M, Poulsen LK, Jensen BM. No difference in human mast cells derived from peanut allergic versus non-allergic subjects. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2018; 6:416-427. [PMID: 29992767 PMCID: PMC6247235 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mast cells are the primary effector cells of allergy. This study aimed at characterizing human peripheral blood-derived mast cells (PBdMC) from peanut allergic and non-allergic subjects by investigating whether the molecular and stimulus-response profile of PBdMC discriminate between peanut allergic and healthy individuals. METHODS PBdMC were generated from eight peanut allergic and 10 non-allergic subjects. The molecular profile (cell surface receptor expression) was assessed using flow cytometry. The stimulus-response profile (histamine release induced by secretagogues, secretion of cytokines/chemokines and changes in miRNA expression following anti-IgE activation) was carried out with histamine release test, luminex multiplex assay and miRNA arrays. RESULTS Expression of activating receptors (FcϵRI, CD48, CD88, CD117, and C3aR) on PBdMC was not different among peanut allergic and non-allergic subjects. Likewise, inhibitory receptors (CD32, CD200R, CD300a, and siglec-8) displayed comparable levels of expression. Both groups of PBdMC were unresponsive to substance P, compound 48/80 and C5a but released comparable levels of histamine when stimulated with anti-IgE and C3a. Interestingly, among the secreted cytokines/chemokines (IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-23, IL-31, IL-37, MCP-1, VEGF, GM-CSF) PBdMC from peanut allergic subjects showed a different secretion pattern of IL-31 compared to non-allergic subjects. Investigating miRNA expression from resting or activated PBdMC revealed no significantly difference between peanut allergic and non-allergic subjects. CONCLUSION The molecular and stimulus-response profile revealed that PBdMC from peanut allergic subjects differently express IL-31 compared to non-allergic subjects. However, since only one altered parameter was found among 893 investigated, it is still questionable if the pathophysiological mechanisms of peanut allergy are revealed in PBdMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lau F Larsen
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Juel-Berg
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kirsten S Hansen
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E N Clare Mills
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars K Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bettina M Jensen
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
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