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Gcwensa NZ, Russell DL, Long KY, Brzozowski CF, Liu X, Gamble KL, Cowell RM, Volpicelli-Daley LA. Excitatory synaptic structural abnormalities produced by templated aggregation of α-syn in the basolateral amygdala. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106595. [PMID: 38972360 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by neuronal α-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions termed Lewy Pathology, which are abundant in the amygdala. The basolateral amygdala (BLA), in particular, receives projections from the thalamus and cortex. These projections play a role in cognition and emotional processing, behaviors which are impaired in α-synucleinopathies. To understand if and how pathologic α-syn impacts the BLA requires animal models of α-syn aggregation. Injection of α-syn pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum induces robust α-syn aggregation in excitatory neurons in the BLA that corresponds with reduced contextual fear conditioning. At early time points after aggregate formation, cortico-amygdala excitatory transmission is abolished. The goal of this project was to determine if α-syn inclusions in the BLA induce synaptic degeneration and/or morphological changes. In this study, we used C57BL/6 J mice injected bilaterally with PFFs in the dorsal striatum to induce α-syn aggregate formation in the BLA. A method was developed using immunofluorescence and three-dimensional reconstruction to analyze excitatory cortico-amygdala and thalamo-amygdala presynaptic terminals closely juxtaposed to postsynaptic densities. The abundance and morphology of synapses were analyzed at 6- or 12-weeks post-injection of PFFs. α-Syn aggregate formation in the BLA did not cause a significant loss of synapses, but cortico-amygdala and thalamo-amygdala presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic densities with aggregates of α-syn show increased volumes, similar to previous findings in human DLB cortex, and in non-human primate models of PD. Transmission electron microscopy showed that asymmetric synapses in mice with PFF-induced α-syn aggregates have reduced synaptic vesicle intervesicular distances, similar to a recent study showing phospho-serine-129 α-syn increases synaptic vesicle clustering. Thus, pathologic α-syn causes major alterations to synaptic architecture in the BLA, potentially contributing to behavioral impairment and amygdala dysfunction observed in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwazi Z Gcwensa
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Dreson L Russell
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Khaliah Y Long
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Charlotte F Brzozowski
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Xinran Liu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Rita M Cowell
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Laura A Volpicelli-Daley
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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2
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Ashique S, Kumar N, Mishra N, Muthu S, Rajendran RL, Chandrasekaran B, Obeng BF, Hong CM, Krishnan A, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. Unveiling the role of exosomes as cellular messengers in neurodegenerative diseases and their potential therapeutic implications. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155451. [PMID: 39002435 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subgroup of extracellular vesicles that function as transmitters, allowing cells to communicate more effectively with each other. However, exosomes may have both beneficial and harmful impacts on central nervous system disorders. Hence, the fundamental molecular mechanisms of the origin of illness and its progression are currently being investigated. The involvement of exosomes in the origin and propagation of neurodegenerative illness has been demonstrated recently. Exosomes provide a representation of the intracellular environment since they include various essential bioactive chemicals. The latest studies have demonstrated that exosomes transport several proteins. Additionally, these physiological vesicles are important in the regeneration of nervous tissue and the healing of neuronal lesions. They also offer a microenvironment to stimulate the conformational variation of concerning proteins for aggregation, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases. The biosynthesis, composition, and significance of exosomes as extracellular biomarkers in neurodegenerative disorders are discussed in this article, with a particular emphasis on their neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, West Bengal 713212, India; Research Scholar, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Delhi-NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201204, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474005, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641045, India; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641021, India
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
| | | | - Brenya Francis Obeng
- Faculty of Science, College of Health and Allied Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa.
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, the Republic of Korea.
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Nardelli D, Gambioli F, De Bartolo MI, Mancinelli R, Biagioni F, Carotti S, Falato E, Leodori G, Puglisi-Allegra S, Vivacqua G, Fornai F. Pain in Parkinson's disease: a neuroanatomy-based approach. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae210. [PMID: 39130512 PMCID: PMC11311710 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deposition of misfolded alpha-synuclein in different regions of the central and peripheral nervous system. Motor impairment represents the signature clinical expression of Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, non-motor symptoms are invariably present at different stages of the disease and constitute an important therapeutic challenge with a high impact for the patients' quality of life. Among non-motor symptoms, pain is frequently experienced by patients, being present in a range of 24-85% of Parkinson's disease population. Moreover, in more than 5% of patients, pain represents the first clinical manifestation, preceding by decades the exordium of motor symptoms. Pain implies a complex biopsychosocial experience with a downstream complex anatomical network involved in pain perception, modulation, and processing. Interestingly, all the anatomical areas involved in pain network can be affected by a-synuclein pathology, suggesting that pathophysiology of pain in Parkinson's disease encompasses a 'pain spectrum', involving different anatomical and neurochemical substrates. Here the various anatomical sites recruited in pain perception, modulation and processing are discussed, highlighting the consequences of their possible degeneration in course of Parkinson's disease. Starting from peripheral small fibres neuropathy and pathological alterations at the level of the posterior laminae of the spinal cord, we then describe the multifaceted role of noradrenaline and dopamine loss in driving dysregulated pain perception. Finally, we focus on the possible role of the intertwined circuits between amygdala, nucleus accumbens and habenula in determining the psycho-emotional, autonomic and cognitive experience of pain in Parkinson's disease. This narrative review provides the first anatomically driven comprehension of pain in Parkinson's disease, aiming at fostering new insights for personalized clinical diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domiziana Nardelli
- Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Francesco Gambioli
- Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome 00128, Italy
| | | | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome 00161, Italy
| | | | - Simone Carotti
- Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Emma Falato
- Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Giorgio Leodori
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome 00185, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Vivacqua
- Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS 86077, Italy
- Department of Experimental Morphology and Applied Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56122, Italy
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Qu M, Gao B, Jiang Y, Li Y, Pei C, Xie L, Zhang Y, Song Q, Miao Y. Atrophy patterns in hippocampus and amygdala subregions of depressed patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:475-484. [PMID: 38170304 PMCID: PMC11222218 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the subregional atrophy patterns of the amygdala and hippocampus in Parkinson's disease (PD) with depression and their correlation with the severity of the depressive symptom. MRI scans were obtained for 34 depressed PD patients (DPD), 22 nondepressed PD patients (NDPD), and 28 healthy controls (HC). Amygdala and hippocampal subregions were automatically segmented, and the intergroup volume difference was compared. The relationships between the volumes of the subregions and depression severity were investigated. Logistic analysis and Receiver operator characteristic curve were used to find independent predictors of DPD. Compared with the HC group, atrophy of the bilateral lateral nucleus, left accessory basal nucleus, right cortical nucleus, right central nucleus, and right medial nucleus subregions of the amygdala were visible in the DPD group, while the right lateral nucleus subregion of the amygdala was smaller in the DPD group than in the NDPD group. The DPD group showed significant atrophy in the left molecular layer, left GC-DG, left CA3, and left CA4 subregions compared with the HC group for hippocampal subregion volumes. Also, the right lateral nuclei volume and disease duration were independent predictors of DPD. To sum up, DPD patients showed atrophy in multiple amygdala subregions and left asymmetric hippocampal subregions. The decreased amygdala and hippocampal subregion volumes were correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms. The volume of right lateral nuclei and disease duration could be used as a biomarker to detect DPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Qu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Bingbing Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Chenhui Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Qingwei Song
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yanwei Miao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116011, China.
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Gcwensa NZ, Russell DL, Long KY, Brzozowski CF, Liu X, Gamble KL, Cowell RM, Volpicelli-Daley LA. Cortico-amygdala synaptic structural abnormalities produced by templated aggregation of α-synuclein. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594419. [PMID: 38798467 PMCID: PMC11118572 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by neuronal α-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions termed Lewy Pathology, which are abundant in the amygdala. The basolateral amygdala (BLA), in particular, receives projections from the thalamus and cortex. These projections play a role in cognition and emotional processing, behaviors which are impaired in α-synucleinopathies. To understand if and how pathologic α-syn impacts the BLA requires animal models of α-syn aggregation. Injection of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum induces robust α-synuclein aggregation in excitatory neurons in the BLA that corresponds with reduced contextual fear conditioning. At early time points after aggregate formation, cortico-amygdala excitatory transmission is abolished. The goal of this project was to determine if α-syn inclusions in the BLA induce synaptic degeneration and/or morphological changes. In this study, we used C57BL/6J mice injected bilaterally with PFFs in the dorsal striatum to induce α-syn aggregate formation in the BLA. A method was developed using immunofluorescence and three-dimensional reconstruction to analyze excitatory cortico-amygdala and thalamo-amygdala presynaptic terminals closely juxtaposed to postsynaptic densities. The abundance and morphology of synapses were analyzed at 6- or 12-weeks post-injection of PFFs. α-Syn aggregate formation in the BLA did not cause a significant loss of synapses, but cortico-amygdala and thalamo-amygdala presynaptic terminals and postsynaptic densities with aggregates of α-synuclein show increased volumes, similar to previous findings in human DLB cortex, and in non-human primate models of PD. Transmission electron microscopy showed that PFF-injected mice showed reduced intervesicular distances similar to a recent study showing phospho-serine-129 α-synuclein increases synaptic vesicle clustering. Thus, pathologic α-synuclein causes major alterations to synaptic architecture in the BLA, potentially contributing to behavioral impairment and amygdala dysfunction observed in synucleinopathies.
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Ratajska AM, Etheridge CB, Lopez FV, Kenney LE, Rodriguez K, Schade RN, Gertler J, Bowers D. The Relationship Between Autonomic Dysfunction and Mood Symptoms in De Novo Parkinson's Disease Patients Over Time. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2024; 37:242-252. [PMID: 37831611 PMCID: PMC10990848 DOI: 10.1177/08919887231204542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autonomic dysfunction is prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can worsen quality of life. We examined: (a) whether specific autonomic symptoms were more strongly associated with anxiety or depression in PD and (b) whether overall autonomic dysfunction predicted mood trajectories over a 5-year period. METHODS Newly diagnosed individuals with PD (N = 414) from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and autonomic symptoms annually. Cross-sectional linear regressions examined relationships between specific autonomic subdomains (gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, etc.) and mood. Multilevel modeling examined longitudinal relationships with total autonomic load. RESULTS Gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with both higher anxiety (b = 1.04, 95% CI [.55, 1.53], P < .001) and depression (b = .24, 95% CI [.11, .37], P = .012), as were thermoregulatory symptoms (anxiety: b = 1.06, 95% CI [.46, 1.65], P = .004; depression: b = .25, 95% CI [.09, .42], P = .013), while cardiovascular (b = .36, 95% CI [.10, .62], P = .012) and urinary symptoms (b = .10, 95% CI [.01, .20], P = .037) were associated only with depression. Longitudinally, higher total autonomic load was associated with increases in both depression (b = .01, 95% CI [.00, .02], P = .015) and anxiety (b = .04, 95% CI [.01, .06], P < .001) over time, as well as occasion-to-occasion fluctuations (depression: b = .08, 95% CI [.05, .10], P < .001; anxiety: b = .24, 95% CI [.15, .32], P < .001). CONCLUSION Findings suggest autonomic dysfunction, particularly gastrointestinal and thermoregulatory symptoms, may be an indicator for elevated anxiety/depression and a potential treatment target early on in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna M. Ratajska
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Connor B. Etheridge
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Francesca V. Lopez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren E. Kenney
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katie Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rachel N. Schade
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joshua Gertler
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dawn Bowers
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Fu Y, Pickford R, Galper J, Phan K, Wu P, Li H, Kim YB, Dzamko N, Halliday GM, Kim WS. A protective role of ABCA5 in response to elevated sphingomyelin levels in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:20. [PMID: 38212656 PMCID: PMC10784510 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that affects the motor system. Increasing evidence indicates that lysosomal dysfunction is pivotal in the pathogenesis of PD, typically characterized by dysregulation of sphingolipids in lysosomes. ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 5 (ABCA5) is a lysosomal transporter that mediates the removal of excess sphingomyelin from lysosomes. We therefore investigated whether the expression levels of ABCA5 are associated with sphingomyelin levels and α-synuclein pathology in PD. Firstly, we undertook a comprehensive assessment of the six sphingolipid classes that are part of the lysosomal salvage pathway in the disease-affected amygdala and disease-unaffected visual cortex using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found that sphingomyelin levels were significantly increased in PD compared to controls and correlated with disease duration only in the amygdala, whereas, the five other sphingolipid classes were slightly altered or unaltered. Concomitantly, the expression of ABCA5 was upregulated in the PD amygdala compared to controls and correlated strongly with sphingomyelin levels. Using neuronal cells, we further verified that the expression of ABCA5 was dependent on cellular levels of sphingomyelin. Interestingly, sphingomyelin levels were strongly associated with α-synuclein in the amygdala and were related to α-synuclein expression. Finally, we revealed that sphingomyelin levels were also increased in PD plasma compared to controls, and that five identical sphingomyelin species were increased in both the brain and the plasma. When put together, these results suggest that in regions accumulating α-synuclein in PD, ABCA5 is upregulated to reduce lysosomal sphingomyelin levels potentially as a protective measure. This process may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention and biomarker development for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuHong Fu
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jasmin Galper
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Phan
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ping Wu
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hongyun Li
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Dzamko
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Moors TE, Milovanovic D. Defining a Lewy Body: Running Up the Hill of Shifting Definitions and Evolving Concepts. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:17-33. [PMID: 38189713 PMCID: PMC10836569 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Lewy bodies (LBs) are pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (αSyn) protein in the brain. While LBs were first described a century ago, their formation and morphogenesis mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we present a historical overview of LB definitions and highlight the importance of semantic clarity and precise definitions when describing brain inclusions. Recent breakthroughs in imaging revealed shared features within LB subsets and the enrichment of membrane-bound organelles in these structures, challenging the conventional LB formation model. We discuss the involvement of emerging concepts of liquid-liquid phase separation, where biomolecules demix from a solution to form dense condensates, as a potential LB formation mechanism. Finally, we emphasize the need for the operational definitions of LBs based on morphological characteristics and detection protocols, particularly in studies investigating LB formation mechanisms. A better understanding of LB organization and ultrastructure can contribute to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim E. Moors
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dragomir Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Zhang L, Zhang P, Dong Q, Zhao Z, Zheng W, Zhang J, Hu X, Yao Z, Hu B. Fine-grained features characterize hippocampal and amygdaloid change pattern in Parkinson's disease and discriminate cognitive-deficit subtype. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14480. [PMID: 37849445 PMCID: PMC10805398 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To extract vertex-wise features of the hippocampus and amygdala in Parkinson's disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition (NC) and further evaluate their discriminatory efficacy. METHODS High-resolution 3D-T1 data were collected from 68 PD-MCI, 211 PD-NC, and 100 matched healthy controls (HC). Surface geometric features were captured using surface conformal representation, and surfaces were registered to a common template using fluid registration. The statistical tests were performed to detect differences between groups. The disease-discriminatory ability of features was also tested in the ensemble classifiers. RESULTS The amygdala, not the hippocampus, showed significant overall differences among the groups. Compared with PD-NC, the right amygdala in MCI patients showed expansion (anterior cortical, anterior amygdaloid, and accessory basal areas) and atrophy (basolateral ventromedial area) subregions. There was notable atrophy in the right CA1 and hippocampal subiculum of PD-MCI. The accuracy of classifiers with multivariate morphometry statistics as features exceeded 85%. CONCLUSION PD-MCI is associated with multiscale morphological changes in the amygdala, as well as subtle atrophy in the hippocampus. These novel metrics demonstrated the potential to serve as biomarkers for PD-MCI diagnosis. Overall, these findings from this study help understand the role of subcortical structures in the neuropathological mechanisms of PD cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Magnetic ResonanceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular ImagingLanzhouChina
| | - Qunxi Dong
- School of Medical TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Ziyang Zhao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Magnetic ResonanceLanzhou University Second HospitalLanzhouChina
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular ImagingLanzhouChina
| | - Xiping Hu
- School of Medical TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Zhijun Yao
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Bin Hu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Wearable Computing, School of Information Science and EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- School of Medical TechnologyBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Joint Research Center for Cognitive Neurosensor Technology of Lanzhou University & Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
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10
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Stark AJ, Song AK, Petersen KJ, Hay KR, Lin YC, Trujillo P, Kang H, Collazzo JM, Donahue MJ, Zald DH, Claassen DO. Accentuated Paralimbic and Reduced Mesolimbic D 2/3-Impulsivity Associations in Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8733-8743. [PMID: 37852792 PMCID: PMC10727183 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1037-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a behavioral trait that is elevated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Parkinson's disease (PD) patients can exhibit a specific pattern of reward-seeking impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs), as well as more subtle changes to generalized trait impulsivity. Prior studies in healthy controls (HCs) suggest that trait impulsivity is regulated by D2/3 autoreceptors in mesocorticolimbic circuits. While altered D2/3 binding is noted in ICB+ PD patients, there is limited prior assessment of the trait impulsivity-D2/3 relationship in PD, and no prior direct comparison with patterns in HCs. We examined 54 PD (36 M; 18 F) and 31 sex- and age-matched HC (21 M; 10 F) subjects using [18F]fallypride, a high-affinity D2/3 receptor ligand, to measure striatal and extrastriatal D2/3 nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND). Subcortical and cortical assessment exclusively used ROI or exploratory-voxelwise methods, respectively. All completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, a measure of trait impulsivity. Subcortical ROI analyses indicated a negative relationship between trait impulsivity and D2/3 BPND in the ventral striatum and amygdala of HCs but not in PD. By contrast, voxelwise methods demonstrated a positive trait impulsivity-D2/3 BPND correlation in ventral frontal olfactocentric-paralimbic cortex of subjects with PD but not HCs. Subscale analysis also highlighted different aspects of impulsivity, with significant interactions between group and motor impulsivity in the ventral striatum, and attentional impulsivity in the amygdala and frontal paralimbic cortex. These results suggest that dopamine functioning in distinct regions of the mesocorticolimbic circuit influence aspects of impulsivity, with the relative importance of regional dopamine functions shifting in the neuropharmacological context of PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The biological determinants of impulsivity have broad clinical relevance, from addiction to neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we address biomolecular distinctions in Parkinson's disease. This is the first study to evaluate a large cohort of Parkinson's disease patients and age-matched healthy controls with a measure of trait impulsivity and concurrent [18F]fallypride PET, a method that allows quantification of D2/3 receptors throughout the mesocorticolimbic network. We demonstrate widespread differences in the trait impulsivity-dopamine relationship, including (1) loss of subcortical relationships present in the healthy brain and (2) emergence of a new relationship in a limbic cortical area. This illustrates the loss of mechanisms of behavioral regulation present in the healthy brain while suggesting a potential compensatory response and target for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Stark
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Alexander K Song
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Kalen J Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63310
| | - Kaitlyn R Hay
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ya-Chen Lin
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Paula Trujillo
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jenna M Collazzo
- School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08901
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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11
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Villar-Conde S, Astillero-Lopez V, Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Saiz-Sanchez D, Martinez-Marcos A, Ubeda-Banon I, Flores-Cuadrado A. Synaptic Involvement of the Human Amygdala in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100673. [PMID: 37947401 PMCID: PMC10700869 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein, a protein mostly present in presynaptic terminals, accumulates neuropathologically in Parkinson's disease in a 6-stage sequence and propagates in the nervous system in a prion-like manner through neurons and glia. In stage 3, the substantia nigra are affected, provoking motor symptoms and the amygdaloid complex, leading to different nonmotor symptoms; from here, synucleinopathy spreads to the temporal cortex and beyond. The expected increase in Parkinson's disease incidence accelerates the need for detection biomarkers; however, the heterogeneity of this disease, including pathological aggregates and pathophysiological pathways, poses a challenge in the search for new therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Proteomic analyses are lacking, and the literature regarding synucleinopathy, neural and glial involvement, and volume of the human amygdaloid complex is controversial. Therefore, the present study combines both proteomic and stereological probes. Data-independent acquisition-parallel accumulation of serial fragmentation proteomic analysis revealed a remarkable proteomic impact, especially at the synaptic level in the human amygdaloid complex in Parkinson's disease. Among the 199 differentially expressed proteins, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 (GNAI1), elongation factor 1-alpha 1 (EEF1A1), myelin proteolipid protein (PLP1), neuroplastin (NPTN), 14-3-3 protein eta (YWHAH), gene associated with retinoic and interferon-induced mortality 19 protein (GRIM19), and orosomucoid-2 (ORM2) stand out as potential biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Stereological analysis, however, did not reveal alterations regarding synucleinopathy, neural or glial populations, or volume changes. To our knowledge, this is the first proteomic study of the human amygdaloid complex in Parkinson's disease, and it identified possible biomarkers of the disease. Lewy pathology could not be sufficient to cause neurodegeneration or alteration of microglial and astroglial populations in the human amygdaloid complex in Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, damage at the proteomic level is manifest, showing up significant synaptic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Villar-Conde
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Veronica Astillero-Lopez
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Banon
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, CRIB, Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Spain; Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain
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12
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Alwani A, Maziarz K, Burda G, Jankowska-Kiełtyka M, Roman A, Łyszczarz G, Er S, Barut J, Barczyk-Woźnicka O, Pyza E, Kreiner G, Nalepa I, Chmielarz P. Investigating the potential effects of α-synuclein aggregation on susceptibility to chronic stress in a mouse Parkinson's disease model. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1474-1487. [PMID: 37725330 PMCID: PMC10661792 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a motor disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, putatively due to the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies (LBs) in Substantia Nigra. PD is also associated with the formation of LBs in brain areas responsible for emotional and cognitive regulation such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, and concurrent depression prevalence in PD patients. The exact link between dopaminergic cell loss, α-syn aggregation, depression, and stress, a major depression risk factor, is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the interplay between sensitivity to chronic stress and α-syn aggregation. METHODS Bilateral injections of α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum of C57Bl/6 J mice were used to induce α-syn aggregation. Three months after injections, animals were exposed to chronic social defeat stress. RESULTS α-syn aggregation did not affect stress susceptibility but independently caused increased locomotor activity in the open field test, reduced anxiety in the light-dark box test, and increased active time in the tail suspension test. Ex vivo analysis revealed modest dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra and reduced dopaminergic innervation in the dorsal striatum in PFFs injected groups. α-Syn aggregates were prominent in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and substantia nigra, with minimal α-syn aggregation in the raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus. CONCLUSIONS Progressive bilateral α-syn aggregation might lead to compensatory activity increase and alterations in emotionally regulated behavior, without affecting stress susceptibility. Understanding how α-syn aggregation and degeneration in specific brain structures contribute to depression and anxiety in PD patients requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alwani
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maziarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Burda
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Jankowska-Kiełtyka
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Roman
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Łyszczarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Safak Er
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justyna Barut
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Barczyk-Woźnicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Nalepa
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Chmielarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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13
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Woo KA, Kim H, Yoon EJ, Shin JH, Nam H, Jeon B, Kim YK, Lee J. Brain olfactory-related atrophy in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:2192-2207. [PMID: 37743764 PMCID: PMC10723229 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate structural and functional connectivity changes in brain olfactory-related structures in a longitudinal prospective cohort of isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and their clinical correlations, longitudinal evolution, and predictive values for phenoconversion to overt synucleinopathies, especially Lewy body diseases. METHODS The cohort included polysomnography-confirmed iRBD patients and controls. Participants underwent baseline assessments including olfactory tests, neuropsychological evaluations, the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, 3T brain MRI, and 18 F-FP-CIT PET scans. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to identify regions of atrophy in iRBD, and volumes of relevant olfactory-related regions of interest (ROI) were estimated. Subgroups of patients underwent repeated volumetric MRI and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) scans after four years. RESULTS A total of 51 iRBD patients were included, with 20 of them converting to synucleinopathy (mean time to conversion 3.08 years). Baseline VBM analysis revealed atrophy in the right olfactory cortex and gyrus rectus in iRBD. Subsequent ROI comparisons with controls showed atrophy in the amygdala. These olfactory-related atrophies tended to be associated with worse depression, anxiety, and urinary problems in iRBD. Amygdala 18 F-FP-CIT uptake tended to be reduced in iRBD patients with hyposmia (nonsignificant after multiple comparison correction) and correlated with urinary problems. Resting-state fMRI of 23 patients and 32 controls revealed multiple clusters with aberrant olfactory-related functional connectivity. Hypoconnectivity between the putamen and olfactory cortex was associated with mild parkinsonian signs in iRBD. Longitudinal analysis of volumetric volumetric MRI in 22 iRBD patients demonstrated four-year progression of olfactory-related atrophy. Cox regression analysis revealed that this atrophy significantly predicted phenoconversion. INTERPRETATION Progressive atrophy of central olfactory structures may be a potential indicator of Lewy body disease progression in iRBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ah Woo
- Department of NeurologySeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yoon
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Memory Network Medical Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Shin
- Department of NeurologySeoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Nam
- Department of NeurologySeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of NeurologySeoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jee‐Young Lee
- Department of NeurologySeoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
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14
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Novikov NI, Brazhnik ES, Kitchigina VF. Pathological Correlates of Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease: From Molecules to Neural Networks. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1890-1904. [PMID: 38105206 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and appearance of protein aggregates (Lewy bodies) consisting predominantly of α-synuclein in neurons. PD is currently recognized as a multisystem disorder characterized by severe motor impairments and various non-motor symptoms. Cognitive decline is one of the most common and worrisome non-motor symptoms. Moderate cognitive impairments (CI) are diagnosed already at the early stages of PD, usually transform into dementia. The main types of CI in PD include executive dysfunction, attention and memory decline, visuospatial impairments, and verbal deficits. According to the published data, the following mechanisms play an essential role demonstrates a crucial importance in the decline of the motor and cognitive functions in PD: (1) changes in the conformational structure of transsynaptic proteins and protein aggregation in presynapses; (2) synaptic transmission impairment; (3) neuroinflammation (pathological activation of the neuroglia); (4) mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress; (5) metabolic disorders (hypometabolism of glucose, dysfunction of glycolipid metabolism; and (6) functional rearrangement of neuronal networks. These changes can lead to the death of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra and affect the functioning of other neurotransmitter systems, thus disturbing neuronal networks involved in the transmission of information related to the regulation of motor activity and cognitive functions. Identification of factors causing detrimental changes in PD and methods for their elimination will help in the development of new approaches to the therapy of PD. The goal of this review was to analyze pathological processes that take place in the brain and underlie the onset of cognitive disorders in PD, as well as to describe the impairments of cognitive functions in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai I Novikov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Elena S Brazhnik
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Valentina F Kitchigina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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15
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Ay U, Yıldırım Z, Erdogdu E, Kiçik A, Ozturk-Isik E, Demiralp T, Gurvit H. Shrinkage of olfactory amygdala connotes cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1309-1320. [PMID: 37786655 PMCID: PMC10542039 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During the caudo-rostral progression of Lewy pathology, the amygdala is involved relatively early in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, lesser is known about the volumetric differences at the amygdala subdivisions, although the evidence mainly implicates the olfactory amygdala. We aimed to investigate the volumetric differences between the amygdala's nuclear and sectoral subdivisions in the PD cognitive impairment continuum compared to healthy controls (HC). The volumes of nine nuclei of the amygdala were estimated with FreeSurfer (nuclear parcellation-NP) from T1-weighted images of PD patients with normal cognition (PD-CN), PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), PD with dementia (PD-D), and HC. The appropriate nuclei were then merged to obtain three sectors of the amygdala (sectoral parcellation-SP). The nuclear and sectoral volumes were compared among the four groups and between the hyposmic and normosmic PD patients. There was a significant difference in the total amygdala volume among the four groups. In terms of nuclei, the bilateral cortico-amygdaloid transition area (CAT) and sectors superficial cortex-like region (sCLR) volumes of PD-MCI and PD-D were less than those of the PD-CN and HC. A linear discriminant analysis revealed that left CAT and left sCLR volumes classified the PD-CN and cognitively impaired PD (PD-CI: PD-MCI plus PD-D) with 90.7% accuracy according to NP and 85.2% accuracy to SP. Similarly, left CAT and sCLR volumes correctly identified the hyposmic and normosmic PD with 64.8% and 61.1% accuracies. Notably, the left olfactory amygdala volume successfully discriminated cognitive impairment in PD and could be used as neuroimaging-based support for PD-CI diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-022-09887-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaş Ay
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, 34126 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Yıldırım
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, 34200 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Erdogdu
- Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Isik University, 34980 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ani Kiçik
- Neuroimaging Unit, Hulusi Behcet Life Sciences Research Laboratory, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, 34394 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Ozturk-Isik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, 34684 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Demiralp
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurvit
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Chen K, Zhang L, Wang F, Mao H, Tang Q, Shi G, You Y, Yuan Q, Chen B, Fang X. Altered functional connectivity within the brain fear circuit in Parkinson's disease with anxiety: A seed-based functional connectivity study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15871. [PMID: 37305477 PMCID: PMC10256910 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Aimed to investigate whether there are abnormal changes in the functional connectivity (FC) between the amygdala with other brain areas, in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with anxiety. Methods Participants were enrolled prospectively, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating (HAMA) Scale was used to quantify anxiety disorder. Rest-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) was applied to analyze the amygdala FC patterns among anxious PD patients, non-anxious PD patients, and healthy controls. Results Thirty-three PD patients were recruited, 13 with anxiety, 20 without anxiety, and 19 non-anxious healthy controls. In anxious PD patients, FC between the amygdala with the hippocampus, putamen, intraparietal sulcus, and precuneus showed abnormal alterations compared with non-anxious PD patients and healthy controls. In particular, FC between the amygdala and hippocampus negatively correlated with the HAMA score (r = -0.459, p = 0.007). Conclusion Our results support the role of the fear circuit in emotional regulation in PD with anxiety. Also, the abnormal FC patterns of the amygdala could preliminarily explain the neural mechanisms of anxiety in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haixia Mao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qunfeng Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guofeng Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiping You
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qingfang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bixue Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu Province, China
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17
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Chang X, Chua KY, Ng FL, Wang L, Liu J, Yuan JM, Khor CC, Heng CK, Dorajoo R, Koh WP. Increased BMI and late-life mobility dysfunction; overlap of genetic effects in brain regions. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:358-364. [PMID: 36788305 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How obesity earlier in life impacts upon mobility dysfunctions in late life is not well understood. Pernicious effects of excess weight on the musculoskeletal system and mobility dysfunctions are well-recognized. However, increasingly more data support the link of obesity to overall motor defects that are regulated in the brain. OBJECTIVES To assess the causal relationship between body mass index (BMI) at midlife and performance of the Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG) in late life among a population-based longitudinal cohort of Chinese adults living in Singapore. METHODS We evaluated genetic predispositions for BMI in 8342 participants who were followed up from measurement of BMI at average 53 years, to TUG test (as a functional mobility measure) 20 years later. RESULTS A robust 75.83% of genetically determined BMI effects on late-life TUG scores were mediated through midlife BMI (Pindirect-effect = 9.24 × 10-21). Utilizing Mendelian randomization, we demonstrated a causal effect between BMI and functional mobility in late life (βIVW = 0.180, PIVW = 0.001). Secondary gene enrichment evaluations highlighted down-regulation of genes at BMI risk loci that were correlated with poorer functional mobility in the substantia nigra and amygdala regions as compared to all other tissues. These genes also exhibit differential expression patterns during human brain development. CONCLUSIONS We report a causal effect of obesity on mobility dysfunction. Our findings highlight potential neuronal dysfunctions in regulating predispositions on the causal pathway from obesity to mobility dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin Yiqiang Chua
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Fang Lin Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Ling Wang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore. .,Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore
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18
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Martin-Lopez E, Vidyadhara DJ, Liberia T, Meller SJ, Harmon LE, Hsu RM, Spence N, Brennan B, Han K, Yücel B, Chandra SS, Greer CA. α-Synuclein Pathology and Reduced Neurogenesis in the Olfactory System Affect Olfaction in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1051-1071. [PMID: 36596700 PMCID: PMC9908323 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1526-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by multiple symptoms including olfactory dysfunction, whose underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we explored pathologic changes in the olfactory pathway of transgenic (Tg) mice of both sexes expressing the human A30P mutant α-synuclein (α-syn; α-syn-Tg mice) at 6-7 and 12-14 months of age, representing early and late-stages of motor progression, respectively. α-Syn-Tg mice at late stages exhibited olfactory behavioral deficits, which correlated with severe α-syn pathology in projection neurons (PNs) of the olfactory pathway. In parallel, olfactory bulb (OB) neurogenesis in α-syn-Tg mice was reduced in the OB granule cells at six to seven months and OB periglomerular cells at 12-14 months, respectively, both of which could contribute to olfactory dysfunction. Proteomic analyses showed a disruption in endocytic and exocytic pathways in the OB during the early stages which appeared exacerbated at the synaptic terminals when the mice developed olfactory deficits at 12-14 months. Our data suggest that (1) the α-syn-Tg mice recapitulate the olfactory functional deficits seen in PD; (2) olfactory structures exhibit spatiotemporal disparities for vulnerability to α-syn pathology; (3) α-syn pathology is restricted to projection neurons in the olfactory pathway; (4) neurogenesis in adult α-syn-Tg mice is reduced in the OB; and (5) synaptic endocytosis and exocytosis defects in the OB may further explain olfactory deficits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Olfactory dysfunction is a characteristic symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Using the human A30P mutant α-synuclein (α-syn)-expressing mouse model, we demonstrated the appearance of olfactory deficits at late stages of the disease, which was accompanied by the accumulation of α-syn pathology in projection neurons (PNs) of the olfactory system. This dysfunction included a reduction in olfactory bulb (OB) neurogenesis as well as changes in synaptic vesicular transport affecting synaptic function, both of which are likely contributing to olfactory behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martin-Lopez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - D J Vidyadhara
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Teresa Liberia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Sarah J Meller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Leah E Harmon
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Ryan M Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Natalie Spence
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Bowen Brennan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Kimberly Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Betül Yücel
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Sreeganga S Chandra
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| | - Charles A Greer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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19
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Ratajska AM, Scott BM, Lopez FV, Kenney LE, Foote KD, Okun MS, Price C, Bowers D. Differential contributions of depression, apathy, and anxiety to neuropsychological performance in Parkinson's disease versus essential tremor. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:651-664. [PMID: 36600515 PMCID: PMC10013508 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2157796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mood symptoms are common features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) and have been linked to worse cognition. The goals of the present study were to compare the severity of anxiety, apathy, and depressive symptoms in PD, ET, and healthy controls (HC) and to examine differential relationships between mood and cognition. METHOD Older adults with idiopathic PD (N = 448), ET (N = 128), or HC (N = 136) completed a multi-domain neuropsychological assessment consisting of memory, executive function, and attention/working memory domains. Participants also completed self-reported mood measures. Between-group differences in mood and cognition were assessed, and hierarchical regression models were conducted to examine relationships between mood and cognition in each group. RESULTS Relative to the HC group, the PD and ET groups reported more mood symptoms and scored lower across all cognitive measures. There were no differences between the two movement disorder groups. Mood variables explained 3.9-13.7% of the total variance in cognitive domains, varying by disease group. For PD, apathy was the only unique predictor of executive function (β = -.114, p = .05), and trait anxiety was the only unique predictor of attention/working memory (β = -.188, p < .05). For ET, there were no unique predictors, though the overall models significantly predicted performance in the executive function and attention/working memory domains. CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of ET and PD, we observed that the two groups had similar self-reported mood symptoms. Mood symptoms were differentially associated with cognition in PD versus ET. In PD, increased apathy was associated with worse executive function and higher trait anxiety predicted worse attention/working memory. For ET, there were no unique predictors, though the overall mood symptom severity was related to cognition. Our study highlights the importance of considering the relationship between mood and neuropsychological performance in individuals with movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna M. Ratajska
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Bonnie M. Scott
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Francesca V. Lopez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lauren E. Kenney
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kelly D. Foote
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael S. Okun
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Catherine Price
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dawn Bowers
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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20
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Rumman M, Pandey S, Singh B, Gupta M, Mahdi AA. Genistein suppresses microglial activation and inhibits apoptosis in different brain regions of hypoxia-exposed mice model of amnesia. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2521-2532. [PMID: 35895244 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Genistein (GE) or 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone, a plant derived isoflavone, is a biologically active compound having several beneficial properties. Studies showed that GE possesses anti-neoplastic, anti-tumor, anti-helminthic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GE in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced amnesia. Mice were exposed to hypoxic conditions (10% O2) in a designated hypoxia chamber and co-treated with GE (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Following this, behavioral tests were performed to evaluate memory performance. We assessed microglial activation in the hippocampus, amygdala, and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) regions by evaluating the Iba-1 and GFAP transcript levels, and MIP-1β, Cox-2, and IL6 protein levels. Apoptosis was assessed by evaluating Bax, BAD, and Bcl-2 mRNA levels, and caspase-3 activity. To uncover the underlying molecular mechanism, we evaluated the levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 in different brain regions of mice from all groups. Results showed that hypoxia-exposed mice have reduced performance in the behavioral tests and GE treatment enhanced the memory performance in hypoxia-exposed mice. Moreover, hypoxia-exposed mice showed increased expression of microglial activation markers and enhanced apoptosis in the hippocampus, amygdala, and PFC. GE treatment suppressed microglial activation and prevented apoptosis in the brain of hypoxia-exposed mice. Furthermore, hypoxia-exposure reduced the expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 while GE treatment ameliorated this decrease in different regions of hypoxia-exposed mice brain. In conclusion, GE prevents cognitive dysfunction by suppressing microglial activation and inhibiting apoptosis in the hypoxia-exposed mice brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rumman
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226025, UP, India
| | - Shivani Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226025, UP, India.
| | - Babita Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226025, UP, India
| | - Mrinal Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226025, UP, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, 226025, UP, India
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21
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Imaging the Limbic System in Parkinson's Disease-A Review of Limbic Pathology and Clinical Symptoms. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091248. [PMID: 36138984 PMCID: PMC9496800 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The limbic system describes a complex of brain structures central for memory, learning, as well as goal directed and emotional behavior. In addition to pathological studies, recent findings using in vivo structural and functional imaging of the brain pinpoint the vulnerability of limbic structures to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) throughout the disease course. Accordingly, dysfunction of the limbic system is critically related to the symptom complex which characterizes PD, including neuropsychiatric, vegetative, and motor symptoms, and their heterogeneity in patients with PD. The aim of this systematic review was to put the spotlight on neuroimaging of the limbic system in PD and to give an overview of the most important structures affected by the disease, their function, disease related alterations, and corresponding clinical manifestations. PubMed was searched in order to identify the most recent studies that investigate the limbic system in PD with the help of neuroimaging methods. First, PD related neuropathological changes and corresponding clinical symptoms of each limbic system region are reviewed, and, finally, a network integration of the limbic system within the complex of PD pathology is discussed.
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22
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Sawamura M, Onoe H, Tsukada H, Isa K, Yamakado H, Okuda S, Ikuno M, Hatanaka Y, Murayama S, Uemura N, Isa T, Takahashi R. Lewy Body Disease Primate Model with α-Synuclein Propagation from the Olfactory Bulb. Mov Disord 2022; 37:2033-2044. [PMID: 35989519 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lewy body diseases (LBDs), which are pathologically defined as the presence of intraneuronal α-synuclein (α-Syn) inclusions called Lewy bodies, encompass Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Autopsy studies have shown that the olfactory bulb (OB) is one of the regions where Lewy pathology develops and initiates its spread in the brain. OBJECTIVE This study aims to clarify how Lewy pathology spreads from the OB and affects brain functions using nonhuman primates. METHODS We inoculated α-Syn preformed fibrils into the unilateral OBs of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and performed pathological analyses, manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography up to 6 months postinoculation. RESULTS Severe α-Syn pathology was observed within the olfactory pathway and limbic system, while mild α-Syn pathology was seen in a wide range of brain regions, including the substantia nigra pars compacta, locus coeruleus, and even dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. The brain imaging analyses showed reduction in volume of the OB and progressive glucose hypometabolism in widespread brain regions, including the occipital lobe, and extended beyond the pathologically affected regions. CONCLUSIONS We generated a novel nonhuman primate LBD model with α-Syn propagation from the OB. This model suggests that α-Syn propagation from the OB is related to OB atrophy and cerebral glucose hypometabolism in LBDs. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sawamura
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Isa
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Okuda
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikuno
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hatanaka
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology (Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital & Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Banwinkler M, Dzialas V, Hoenig MC, van Eimeren T. Gray Matter Volume Loss in Proposed Brain-First and Body-First Parkinson's Disease Subtypes. Mov Disord 2022; 37:2066-2074. [PMID: 35943058 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Synuclein pathology is associated with neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) and considered to sequentially spread across the brain (Braak stages). According to a new hypothesis of distinct α-synuclein spreading directions based on the initial site of pathology, the "brain-first" spreading subtype would be associated with a more asymmetric cerebral and nigrostriatal pathology than the "body-first" subtype. OBJECTIVE Here, we tested if proposed markers of brain-first PD (ie, higher dopamine transporter [DaT] asymmetry; absence of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder [RBD]) are associated with a greater or more asymmetric reduction in gray matter volume (GMV) in comparison to body-first PD. METHODS Data of 255 de novo PD patients and 110 healthy controls (HCs) were retrieved from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. Structural magnetic resonance images were preprocessed, and GMVs and their hemispherical asymmetry were obtained for each of the neuropathologically defined Braak stages. Group and correlation comparisons were performed to assess differences in GMV and GMV asymmetry between PD subtypes. RESULTS PD patients demonstrated significantly smaller bilateral GMVs compared to HCs, in a pattern denoting stage-dependent disease-related brain atrophy. However, the degree of putaminal DaT asymmetry was not associated with reduced GMV or higher GMV asymmetry. Furthermore, RBD-negative and RBD-positive patients did not demonstrate a significant difference in GMV or GMV asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that putative brain-first and body-first patients do not present diverging brain atrophy patterns. Although certainly not disproving the brain-first/body-first spreading hypothesis, this study fails to provide evidence in support of it. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Banwinkler
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Dzialas
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Merle C Hoenig
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine II, Molecular Organization of the Brain, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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24
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Boshkovski T, Cohen‐Adad J, Misic B, Arnulf I, Corvol J, Vidailhet M, Lehéricy S, Stikov N, Mancini M. The Myelin-Weighted Connectome in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2022; 37:724-733. [PMID: 34936123 PMCID: PMC9303520 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though Parkinson's disease (PD) is typically viewed as largely affecting gray matter, there is growing evidence that there are also structural changes in the white matter. Traditional connectomics methods that study PD may not be specific to underlying microstructural changes, such as myelin loss. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to investigate the PD-induced changes in myelin content in the connections emerging from the basal ganglia and the brainstem. For the weighting of the connectome, we used the longitudinal relaxation rate as a biologically grounded myelin-sensitive metric. METHODS We computed the myelin-weighted connectome in 35 healthy control subjects and 81 patients with PD. We used partial least squares to highlight the differences between patients with PD and healthy control subjects. Then, a ring analysis was performed on selected brainstem and subcortical regions to evaluate each node's potential role as an epicenter for disease propagation. Then, we used behavioral partial least squares to relate the myelin alterations with clinical scores. RESULTS Most connections (~80%) emerging from the basal ganglia showed a reduced myelin content. The connections emerging from potential epicentral nodes (substantia nigra, nucleus basalis of Meynert, amygdala, hippocampus, and midbrain) showed significant decrease in the longitudinal relaxation rate (P < 0.05). This effect was not seen for the medulla and the pons. CONCLUSIONS The myelin-weighted connectome was able to identify alteration of the myelin content in PD in basal ganglia connections. This could provide a different view on the importance of myelination in neurodegeneration and disease progression. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Cohen‐Adad
- NeuroPoly Lab, Polytechnique MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada
- Mila – Quebec AI InstituteMontréalQuebecCanada
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada
| | | | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Christophe Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute – ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Nikola Stikov
- NeuroPoly Lab, Polytechnique MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada
- Montreal Heart InstituteMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Matteo Mancini
- NeuroPoly Lab, Polytechnique MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada
- Department of NeuroscienceBrighton and Sussex Medical School, University of SussexBrightonUnited Kingdom
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
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25
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Gal J, Katsumata Y, Zhu H, Srinivasan S, Chen J, Johnson LA, Wang WX, Golden LR, Wilcock DM, Jicha GA, Cykowski MD, Nelson PT. Apolipoprotein E Proteinopathy Is a Major Dementia-Associated Pathologic Biomarker in Individuals with or without the APOE Epsilon 4 Allele. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:564-578. [PMID: 34954207 PMCID: PMC8895423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala is vulnerable to multiple or "mixed" mis-aggregated proteins associated with neurodegenerative conditions that can manifest clinically with amnestic dementia; the amygdala region is often affected even at earliest disease stages. With the original intent of identifying novel dementia-associated proteins, the detergent-insoluble proteome was characterized from the amygdalae of 40 participants from the University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Center autopsy cohort. These individuals encompassed a spectrum of clinical conditions (cognitively normal to severe amnestic dementia). Polypeptides from the detergent-insoluble fraction were interrogated using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. As anticipated, portions of peptides previously associated with neurologic diseases were enriched from subjects with dementia. Among all detected peptides, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) stood out: even more than the expected Tau, APP/Aβ, and α-Synuclein peptides, ApoE peptides were strongly enriched in dementia cases, including from individuals lacking the APOE ε4 genotype. The amount of ApoE protein detected in detergent-insoluble fractions was robustly associated with levels of complement proteins C3 and C4. Immunohistochemical staining of APOE ε3/ε3 subjects' amygdalae confirmed ApoE co-localization with C4 in amyloid plaques. Thus, analyses of human amygdala proteomics indicate that rather than being only an "upstream" genetic risk factor, ApoE is an aberrantly aggregated protein in its own right, and show that the ApoE protein may play active disease-driving mechanistic roles in persons lacking the APOE ε4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Gal
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Haining Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,Research & Development, Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sukanya Srinivasan
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Lance Allen Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Wang-Xia Wang
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Donna M. Wilcock
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Gregory A. Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Peter Tobias Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
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26
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Li ZF, Cui L, Jin MM, Hu DY, Hou XG, Liu SS, Zhang X, Zhu JH. A Matrigel-based 3D construct of SH-SY5Y cells models the α-synuclein pathologies of Parkinson's disease. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:273997. [PMID: 35023548 PMCID: PMC8922027 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with α-synuclein-based Lewy body pathology, which has been difficult to observe in conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and even in animal models. We herein aimed to develop a three-dimensional (3D) cellular model of PD to recapitulate the α-synuclein pathologies. All-trans-retinoic acid-differentiated human SH-SY5Y cells and Matrigel were optimized for 3D construction. The 3D cultured cells displayed higher tyrosine hydroxylase expression than 2D cells and improved dopaminergic-like phenotypes, as suggested by RNA-sequencing analyses. Multiple forms of α-synuclein, including monomer, and low- and high-molecular mass oligomers, were differentially present in the 2D and 3D cells, but mostly remained unchanged upon N-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine or rotenone treatment. Phosphorylated α-synuclein was accumulated, and detergent-insoluble α-synuclein fraction was observed, in the neurotoxin-treated 3D cells. Importantly, Lewy body-like inclusions were captured in the 3D system, including proteinase K-resistant α-synuclein aggregates, ubiquitin aggregation, and β-amyloid and β-sheet protein deposition. The study provides a unique and convenient 3D model of PD that recapitulates critical α-synuclein pathologies and should be useful in multiple PD-associated applications. Summary: This study provides a convenient 3D model of Parkinson's disease (PD), which recapitulates α-synuclein pathologies in human cells and could be used to investigate PD mechanisms and screen drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Feng Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mi-Mi Jin
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong-Yan Hu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Hou
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu-Shu Liu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Institute of Nutrition and Diseases, Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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27
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Villanueva EB, Tresse E, Liu Y, Duarte JN, Jimenez-Duran G, Ejlerskov P, Kretz O, Loreth D, Goldmann T, Prinz M, Issazadeh-Navikas S. Neuronal TNFα, Not α-Syn, Underlies PDD-Like Disease Progression in IFNβ-KO Mice. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:789-807. [PMID: 34476836 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) manifests in motor dysfunction, non-motor symptoms, and eventual dementia (PDD). Neuropathological hallmarks include nigrostriatal neurodegeneration, Lewy body (LB) pathology, and neuroinflammation. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn), a primary component of LBs, is implicated in PD pathogenesis, accumulating, and aggregating in both familial and sporadic PD. However, as α-syn pathology is often comorbid with amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and phosphorylated tau (pTau) tangles in PDD, it is still unclear whether α-syn is the primary cause of neurodegeneration in sporadic PDD. We aimed to determine how the absence of α-syn would affect PDD manifestation. METHODS IFN-β knockout (Ifnb-/- ) mice spontaneously develop progressive behavior abnormalities and neuropathology resembling PDD, notably with α-syn+ LBs. We generated Ifnb/Snca double knockout (DKO) mice and evaluated their behavior and neuropathology compared with wild-type (Wt), Ifnb-/- , and Snca-/- mice using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, immunoblots, qPCR, and modification of neuronal signaling. RESULTS Ifnb/Snca DKO mice developed all clinical PDD-like behavioral manifestations induced by IFN-β loss. Independently of α-syn expression, lack of IFN-β alone induced Aβ plaques, pTau tangles, and LB-like Aβ+ /pTau+ inclusion bodies and neuroinflammation. IFN-β loss caused significant elevated glial and neuronal TNF-α and neuronal TNFR1, associated with neurodegeneration. Restoring neuronal IFN-β signaling or blocking TNFR1 rescued caspase 3/t-BID-mediated neuronal-death through upregulation of c-FLIPS and lowered intraneuronal Aβ and pTau accumulation. INTERPRETATION These findings increase our understanding of PD pathology and suggest that targeting α-syn alone is not sufficient to mitigate disease. Targeting specific aspects of neuroinflammation, such as aberrant neuronal TNF-α/TNFR1 or IFN-β/IFNAR signaling, may attenuate disease. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:789-807.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika B Villanueva
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie Tresse
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yawei Liu
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - João N Duarte
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gisela Jimenez-Duran
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Ejlerskov
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Desiree Loreth
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Goldmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiberg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Tremblay C, Iravani B, Aubry Lafontaine É, Steffener J, Fischmeister FPS, Lundström JN, Frasnelli J. Parkinson's Disease Affects Functional Connectivity within the Olfactory-Trigeminal Network. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 10:1587-1600. [PMID: 32597818 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a frequent symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that appears years prior to diagnosis. Previous studies suggest that PD-related OD is different from non-parkinsonian forms of olfactory dysfunction (NPOD) as PD patients maintain trigeminal sensitivity as opposed to patients with NPOD who typically exhibit reduced trigeminal sensitivity. We hypothesize the presence of a specific alteration of functional connectivity between trigeminal and olfactory processing areas in PD. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess potential differences in functional connectivity within the chemosensory network in 15 PD patients and compared them to 15 NPOD patients, and to 15 controls. METHODS Functional MRI scanning session included resting-state and task-related scans where participants carried out an olfactory and a trigeminal task. We compared functional connectivity, using a seed-based correlation approach, and brain network modularity of the chemosensory network. RESULTS PD patients had impaired functional connectivity within the chemosensory network while no such changes were observed for NPOD patients. No group differences we found in modularity of the identified networks. Both patient groups exhibited impaired connectivity when executing an olfactory task, while network modularity was significantly weaker for PD patients than both other groups. When performing a trigeminal task, no changes were found for PD patients, but NPOD patients exhibited impaired connectivity. Conversely, PD patients exhibited a significantly higher network modularity than both other groups. CONCLUSION In summary, the specific pattern of functional connectivity and chemosensory network recruitment in PD-related OD may explain distinct behavioral chemosensory features in PD when compared to NPOD patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Tremblay
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Behzad Iravani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Émilie Aubry Lafontaine
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Jason Steffener
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Johan N Lundström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,Research Center, Sacré-Coeur Hospital of Montrealéal, Québec, Canada
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29
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Dan X, Wechter N, Gray S, Mohanty JG, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101416. [PMID: 34325072 PMCID: PMC8373788 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in olfactory functions are proposed to be early biomarkers for neurodegeneration. Many neurodegenerative diseases are age-related, including two of the most common, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The establishment of biomarkers that promote early risk identification is critical for the implementation of early treatment to postpone or avert pathological development. Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is seen in 90% of early-stage PD patients and 85% of patients with early-stage AD, which makes it an attractive biomarker for early diagnosis of these diseases. Here, we systematically review widely applied smelling tests available for humans as well as olfaction assessments performed in some animal models and the relationships between OD and normal aging, PD, AD, and other conditions. The utility of OD as a biomarker for neurodegenerative disease diagnosis and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dan
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Noah Wechter
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Samuel Gray
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Joy G Mohanty
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Danish Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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30
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Prodromal Parkinson disease subtypes - key to understanding heterogeneity. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:349-361. [PMID: 33879872 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson disease (PD), pathological processes and neurodegeneration begin long before the cardinal motor symptoms develop and enable clinical diagnosis. In this prodromal phase, risk and prodromal markers can be used to identify individuals who are likely to develop PD, as in the recently updated International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society research criteria for prodromal PD. However, increasing evidence suggests that clinical and prodromal PD are heterogeneous, and can be classified into subtypes with different clinical manifestations, pathomechanisms and patterns of spatial and temporal progression in the CNS and PNS. Genetic, pathological and imaging markers, as well as motor and non-motor symptoms, might define prodromal subtypes of PD. Moreover, concomitant pathology or other factors, including amyloid-β and tau pathology, age and environmental factors, can cause variability in prodromal PD. Patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) exhibit distinct patterns of α-synuclein pathology propagation and might indicate a body-first subtype rather than a brain-first subtype. Identification of prodromal PD subtypes and a full understanding of variability at this stage of the disease is crucial for early and accurate diagnosis and for targeting of neuroprotective interventions to ensure efficacy.
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31
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Matsui H, Ito J, Matsui N, Uechi T, Onodera O, Kakita A. Cytosolic dsDNA of mitochondrial origin induces cytotoxicity and neurodegeneration in cellular and zebrafish models of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3101. [PMID: 34035300 PMCID: PMC8149644 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and lysosomal dysfunction have been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the links between these dysfunctions in PD pathogenesis are still largely unknown. Here we report that cytosolic dsDNA of mitochondrial origin escaping from lysosomal degradation was shown to induce cytotoxicity in cultured cells and PD phenotypes in vivo. The depletion of PINK1, GBA and/or ATP13A2 causes increases in cytosolic dsDNA of mitochondrial origin and induces type I interferon (IFN) responses and cell death in cultured cell lines. These phenotypes are rescued by the overexpression of DNase II, a lysosomal DNase that degrades discarded mitochondrial DNA, or the depletion of IFI16, which acts as a sensor for cytosolic dsDNA of mitochondrial origin. Reducing the abundance of cytosolic dsDNA by overexpressing human DNase II ameliorates movement disorders and dopaminergic cell loss in gba mutant PD model zebrafish. Furthermore, IFI16 and cytosolic dsDNA puncta of mitochondrial origin accumulate in the brain of patients with PD. These results support a common causative role for the cytosolic leakage of mitochondrial DNA in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan. .,Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Junko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noriko Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tamayo Uechi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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32
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Hyposmia may predict development of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:763-770. [PMID: 34014391 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effect of olfactory dysfunction on treatment of motor manifestations in Parkinson's disease (PD). The current longitudinal retrospective cohort study consecutively recruited 108 de novo PD patients. Of whom 29 were normosmia and 79 were hyposmia, respectively, which was determined by the Korean Version of Sniffin' Sticks Test II at the time of diagnosis. All the participants underwent serial clinical examinations including Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Mini-Mental State Examination, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The normosmic group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction of the UPDRS III score (30.3 ± 5.9 to 21.9 ± 5.1) than that of the hyposmic group (34.5 ± 9.3 to 28.5 ± 8.1) from baseline to 1-year later (p, 0.003; Bonferroni correction for p < 0.0045). Of subdomains in UPDRS III, the axial domain revealed a remarkable decrease in the normosmic group. Further, the hyposmic group exhibited a higher development rate of freezing of gait (FOG) compared to the normosmic group (29/79 (36.7%) vs 2/29 (6.9%); p, 0.002) during 33.9 ± 7.7 months of the mean follow-up period. A Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated the hyposmia to be a significant risk factor for the future development of FOG (HR, 4.23; 95% CI 1.180-17.801; p, 0.05). Our data demonstrated the olfactory dysfunction to be a significant risk factor for the development of the FOG in PD. Hyposmic PD patients should be paid more careful attention to the occurrence of FOG in the clinical practice.
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Forbes E, Tropea TF, Mantri S, Xie SX, Morley JF. Modifiable Comorbidities Associated with Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:254-263. [PMID: 33553496 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the most feared and debilitating complications of PD. No therapy has been shown to slow or prevent CI in PD. Objective To determine associations between modifiable comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease risk factors, mood disorders, and sleep characteristics, and rate of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort was queried for baseline cardiovascular disease risk factors, mood disorders, and sleep characteristics. Linear mixed- effects models (LME) were used to examine the association between baseline factors and change in cognition, evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) over time. Baseline comorbidities found to affect MoCA decline were assessed for an association with focal cognitive domains using LME. Results Higher Body Mass Index (BMI) (β = -0.009, P = 0.039), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (β = -0.005, P < 0.001), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (β = -0.034, P < 0.001), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) (β = -0.017, P = 0.003), and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) (β = -0.037, P < 0.001) were associated with faster rates of MoCA decline. Using established cut-offs for clinically significant symptoms, being overweight, or the presence of depression, excessive day time sleepiness (EDS), and possible REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD), were all associated with faster rate of cognitive decline. Conclusion Several modifiable baseline comorbidities are associated with faster rate of CI over time in patients with PD. These associations identify potential opportunities for early intervention that could influence CI in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Forbes
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA.,Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Thomas F Tropea
- Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sneha Mantri
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA.,Department of Neurology Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Sharon X Xie
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - James F Morley
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA.,Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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34
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Cersosimo MG, Benarroch EE, Raina GB. Lewy bodies in the olfactory system and the hypothalamus. THE HUMAN HYPOTHALAMUS: NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 2021; 182:235-244. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819973-2.00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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35
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Nardone R, Höller Y, Brigo F, Versace V, Sebastianelli L, Florea C, Schwenker K, Golaszewski S, Saltuari L, Trinka E. Spinal cord involvement in Lewy body-related α-synucleinopathies. J Spinal Cord Med 2020; 43:832-845. [PMID: 30620687 PMCID: PMC7808259 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2018.1557863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Lewy body (LB)-related α-synucleinopathy (LBAS) is the neuropathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease (PD), but it is also found in neurologically asymptomatic subjects. An abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein has been reported also in the spinal cord, but extent and significance of the spinal cord involvement are still poorly defined. Objective: We aimed to review the studies addressing the spinal cord involvement of LBAS in healthy subjects and in patients with PD or other neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed using following terms: "spinal cord", " α-synucleinopathy", "α-synuclein", "Lewy body", "Parkinson's disease", "multiple system atrophy", "neurodegenerative disorder". Results: LBAS in the spinal cord is associated with that of the medullary reticular formation and locus ceruleus in the brainstem but not with that in the olfactory bulb and amygdala. The intermediolateral columns of the thoracic and sacral cord are the most frequently and severely affected region of the spinal cord. LBAS occurs in centrally projecting spinal cord neurons integrating pain, in particular from lower body periphery. It also involves the sacral parasympathetic nucleus innervating the smooth muscles of the bladder and distal colon and the Onuf's nucleus innervating the striated sphincters. The spinal cord lesions may thus play a crucial role in the genesis of frequent non-motor symptoms such as pain, urinary symptoms, bowel dysfunction, autonomic failure including orthostatic hypotension and sexual disturbances. Moreover, these may also contribute to the motor symptoms, since α-synuclein inclusions have been observed in the pyramidal tracts of patients with PD and multiple system atrophy. Conclusion: Recognition of this peculiar spinal cord pathology may help in the management of the related symptoms in subjects affected by α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Nardone
- Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy,Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Austria,Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie, Salzburg, Austria,Correspondence to: Dr. Raffaele Nardone, Department of Neurology, “F. Tappeiner” Hospital, Merano, Via Rossini, Merano, BZ 5 39012, Italy; Ph: 0473/264616, 0473/264449. Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/yscm
| | - Yvonne Höller
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Francesco Brigo
- Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Viviana Versace
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno, Vipiteno, Italy,Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luca Sebastianelli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno, Vipiteno, Italy,Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Cristina Florea
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kerstin Schwenker
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Golaszewski
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Leopold Saltuari
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno, Vipiteno, Italy,Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy,Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Austria,Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,University for Medical Informatics and Health Technology, UMIT, Hall in Tirol, Austria
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36
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Wakabayashi K. Where and how alpha-synuclein pathology spreads in Parkinson's disease. Neuropathology 2020; 40:415-425. [PMID: 32750743 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), neuronal alpha-synuclein aggregates are distributed throughout the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia, submandibular gland, enteric nervous system, cardiac and pelvic plexuses, adrenal medulla, and skin. Thus, PD is a progressive multiorgan disease clinically associated with various motor and nonmotor symptoms. The earliest PD-related lesions appear to develop in the olfactory bulb, dorsal vagal nucleus, and possibly also the peripheral autonomic nervous system. The brain is closely connected with the enteric nervous system via axons of the efferent fibers of the dorsal nucleus of vagal nerve. Anatomical connections also exist between the olfactory bulb and brainstem. Accumulating evidence from experimental studies indicates that transneuronal propagation of misfolded alpha-synuclein is involved in the progression of PD. However, it cannot be ruled out that alpha-synuclein pathology in PD is multicentric in origin. Based on pathological findings from studies on human materials, the present review will update the progression pattern of alpha-synuclein pathology in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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37
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Nikolenko VN, Oganesyan MV, Rizaeva NA, Kudryashova VA, Nikitina AT, Pavliv MP, Shchedrina MA, Giller DB, Bulygin KV, Sinelnikov MY. Amygdala: Neuroanatomical and Morphophysiological Features in Terms of Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080502. [PMID: 32751957 PMCID: PMC7465610 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is one of the most discussed structures of the brain. Correlations between its level of activity, size, biochemical organization, and various pathologies are the subject of many studies, and can serve as a marker of existing or future disease. It is hypothesized that the amygdala is not just a structural unit, but includes many other regions in the brain. In this review, we present the updated neuroanatomical and physiological aspects of the amygdala, discussing its involvement in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. The amygdala plays an important role in the processing of input signals and behavioral synthesis. Lesions in the amygdala have been shown to cause neurological disfunction of ranging severity. Abnormality in the amygdala leads to conditions such as depression, anxiety, autism, and also promotes biochemical and physiological imbalance. The amygdala collects pathological proteins, and this fact can be considered to play a big role in the progression and diagnosis of many degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Lewy body diseases, and hippocampal sclerosis. The amygdala has shown to play a crucial role as a central communication system in the brain, therefore understanding its neuroanatomical and physiological features can open a channel for targeted therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N. Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.N.); (M.V.O.); (N.A.R.); (V.A.K.); (D.B.G.); (K.V.B.)
- Department of Human Anatomy, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marine V. Oganesyan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.N.); (M.V.O.); (N.A.R.); (V.A.K.); (D.B.G.); (K.V.B.)
| | - Negoriya A. Rizaeva
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.N.); (M.V.O.); (N.A.R.); (V.A.K.); (D.B.G.); (K.V.B.)
| | - Valentina A. Kudryashova
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.N.); (M.V.O.); (N.A.R.); (V.A.K.); (D.B.G.); (K.V.B.)
| | - Arina T. Nikitina
- International School “Medicine of Future”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.N.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Maria P. Pavliv
- International School “Medicine of Future”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.N.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Marina A. Shchedrina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry B. Giller
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.N.); (M.V.O.); (N.A.R.); (V.A.K.); (D.B.G.); (K.V.B.)
| | - Kirill V. Bulygin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.N.N.); (M.V.O.); (N.A.R.); (V.A.K.); (D.B.G.); (K.V.B.)
- Department of Human Anatomy, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Sinelnikov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-89199688587
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Diederich NJ, Uchihara T, Grillner S, Goetz CG. The Evolution-Driven Signature of Parkinson's Disease. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:475-492. [PMID: 32499047 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we approach Parkinson's disease (PD) in the context of an evolutionary mismatch of central nervous system functions. The neurons at risk have hyperbranched axons, extensive transmitter release sites, display spontaneous spiking, and elevated mitochondrial stress. They function in networks largely unchanged throughout vertebrate evolution, but now connecting to the expanded human cortex. Their breakdown is favoured by longevity. At the cellular level, mitochondrial dysfunction starts at the synapses, then involves axons and cell bodies. At the behavioural level, network dysfunctions provoke the core motor syndrome of parkinsonism including freezing and failed gait automatization, and non-motor deficits including inactive blindsight and autonomic dysregulation. The proposed evolutionary re-interpretation of PD-prone cellular phenotypes and of prototypical clinical symptoms allows a new conceptual framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J Diederich
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, L-1210 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
| | - Toshiki Uchihara
- Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory, Nitobe-Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo 164-8607, Japan; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher G Goetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Taliyan R, Chandran SK, Kakoty V. Therapeutic Approaches to Alzheimer's Type of Dementia: A Focus on FGF21 Mediated Neuroprotection. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2555-2568. [PMID: 31333086 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are the most devastating disorder of the nervous system. The pathological basis of neurodegeneration is linked with dysfunctional protein trafficking, mitochondrial stress, environmental factors and aging. With the identification of insulin and insulin receptors in some parts of the brain, it has become evident that certain metabolic conditions associated with insulin dysfunction like Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia, obesity etc., are also known to contribute to neurodegeneration mainly Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Recently, a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) superfamily, FGF21 has proved tremendous efficacy in diseases like diabetes mellitus, obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Increased levels of FGF21 have been reported to exert multiple beneficial effects in metabolic syndrome. FGF21 receptors are present in certain areas of the brain involved in learning and memory. However, despite extensive research, its function as a neuroprotectant in AD remains elusive. FGF21 is a circulating endocrine hormone which is mainly secreted by the liver primarily in fasting conditions. FGF21 exerts its effects after binding to FGFR1 and co-receptor, β-klotho (KLB). It is involved in regulating energy via glucose and lipid metabolism. It is believed that aberrant FGF21 signalling might account for various anomalies like neurodegeneration, cancer, metabolic dysfunction etc. Hence, this review will majorly focus on FGF21 role as a neuroprotectant and potential metabolic regulator. Moreover, we will also review its potential as an emerging candidate for combating metabolic stress induced neurodegenerative abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sarathlal K Chandran
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Violina Kakoty
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333031, Rajasthan, India
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Singh E, Devasahayam G. Neurodegeneration by oxidative stress: a review on prospective use of small molecules for neuroprotection. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3133-3140. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Blair JC, Barrett MJ, Patrie J, Flanigan JL, Sperling SA, Elias WJ, Druzgal TJ. Brain MRI Reveals Ascending Atrophy in Parkinson's Disease Across Severity. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1329. [PMID: 31920949 PMCID: PMC6930693 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Models which assess the progression of Lewy pathology in Parkinson's disease have proposed ascending spread in a caudal-rostral pattern. In-vivo human evidence for this theory is limited, in part because there are no biomarkers that allow for direct assessment of Lewy pathology. Here, we measured neurodegeneration via MRI, an outcome which may serve as a proxy for a more direct assessment of ascending models using a combination of (1) MRI-based measures of gray matter density and (2) regions of interest (ROIs) corresponding to cortical and subcortical loci implicated in past MRI and stereological studies of Parkinson's disease. Gray matter density was measured using brain MRI voxel-based morphometry from three cohorts: (1) early Parkinson's disease, (2) more advanced Parkinson's disease and (3) healthy controls. Early Parkinson's disease patients (N = 228, mean age = 61.9 years, mean disease duration = 0.6 years) were newly diagnosed by the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Advanced Parkinson's disease patients (N = 136, mean age = 63.5 years, mean disease duration = 8.0 years) were collected retrospectively from a local cohort undergoing evaluation for functional neurosurgery. Control subjects (N = 103, mean age = 60.2 years) were from PPMI. Comparative analyses focused on gray matter regions ranging from deep gray subcortical structures to the neocortex. ROIs were defined with existing probabilistic cytoarchitectonic brain maps. For subcortical regions of the basal forebrain, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex, advanced Parkinson's disease patients had significantly lower gray matter density when compared to both early Parkinson's disease and healthy controls. No differences were seen in neocortical regions that are "higher" in any proposed ascending pattern. Across early and advanced Parkinson's disease, gray matter density from nearly all subcortical regions significantly decreased with disease duration; no neocortical regions showed this effect. These results demonstrate that atrophy in advanced Parkinson's patients compared to early patients and healthy controls is largely confined to subcortical gray matter structures. The degree of atrophy in subcortical brain regions was linked to overall disease duration, suggesting an organized pattern of atrophy across severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C. Blair
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Matthew J. Barrett
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James Patrie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Joseph L. Flanigan
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Scott A. Sperling
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - W. Jeffrey Elias
- Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - T. Jason Druzgal
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Brain Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Behavioral defects associated with amygdala and cortical dysfunction in mice with seeded α-synuclein inclusions. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104708. [PMID: 31837424 PMCID: PMC7206936 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is defined by motor symptoms such as tremor at rest, bradykinesia, postural instability, and stiffness. In addition to the classical motor defects that define PD, up to 80% of patients experience cognitive changes and psychiatric disturbances, referred to as PD dementia (PDD). Pathologically, PD is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and intracellular inclusions, called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, composed mostly of α-synuclein. Much of PD research has focused on the role of α-synuclein aggregates in degeneration of SNpc dopamine neurons because of the impact of loss of striatal dopamine on the classical motor phenotypes. However, abundant Lewy pathology is also found in other brain regions including the cortex and limbic brain regions such as the amygdala, which may contribute to non-motor phenotypes. Little is known about the consequences of α-synuclein inclusions in these brain regions, or in neuronal subtypes other than dopamine neurons. This project expands knowledge on how α-synuclein inclusions disrupt behavior, specifically non-motor symptoms of synucleinopathies. We show that bilateral injections of fibrils into the striatum results in robust bilateral α-synuclein inclusion formation in the cortex and amygdala. Inclusions in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex primarily localize to excitatory neurons, but unbiased stereology shows no significant loss of neurons in the amygdala or cortex. Fibril injected mice show defects in a social dominance behavioral task and fear conditioning, tasks that are associated with prefrontal cortex and amygdala function. Together, these observations suggest that seeded α-synuclein inclusion formation impairs behaviors associated with cortical and amygdala function, without causing cell loss, in brain areas that may play important roles in the complex cognitive features of PDD
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Wagenbreth C, Kuehne M, Heinze HJ, Zaehle T. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Influences Facial Emotion Recognition in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Review. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2638. [PMID: 31849760 PMCID: PMC6901782 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms following dopaminergic depletion in the substantia nigra. Besides motor impairments, however, several non-motor detriments can have the potential to considerably impact subjectively perceived quality of life in patients. Particularly emotion recognition of facial expressions has been shown to be affected in PD, and especially the perception of negative emotions like fear, anger, or disgust is impaired. While emotion processing generally refers to automatic implicit as well as conscious explicit processing, the focus of most previous studies in PD was on explicit recognition of emotions only, while largely ignoring implicit processing deficits. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is widely accepted as a therapeutic measure in the treatment of PD and has been shown to advantageously influence motor problems. Among various concomitant non-motor effects of STN-DBS, modulation of facial emotion recognition under subthalamic stimulation has been investigated in previous studies with rather heterogeneous results. Although there seems to be a consensus regarding the processing of disgust, which significantly deteriorates under STN stimulation, findings concerning emotions like fear or happiness report heterogeneous data and seem to depend on various experimental settings and measurements. In the present review, we summarized previous investigations focusing on STN-DBS influence on recognition of facial emotional expressions in patients suffering from PD. In a first step, we provide a synopsis of disturbances and problems in facial emotion processing observed in patients with PD. Second, we present findings of STN-DBS influence on facial emotion recognition and especially highlight different impacts of stimulation on implicit and explicit emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wagenbreth
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maria Kuehne
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Sorrentino ZA, Goodwin MS, Riffe CJ, Dhillon JKS, Xia Y, Gorion KM, Vijayaraghavan N, McFarland KN, Golbe LI, Yachnis AT, Giasson BI. Unique α-synuclein pathology within the amygdala in Lewy body dementia: implications for disease initiation and progression. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:142. [PMID: 31477175 PMCID: PMC6718048 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein α-synuclein (αsyn) forms pathologic aggregates in a number of neurodegenerative diseases including Lewy body dementia (LBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). It is unclear why diseases such as LBD may develop widespread αsyn pathology, while in Alzheimer's disease with amygdala restricted Lewy bodies (AD/ALB) the αsyn aggregates remain localized. The amygdala contains αsyn aggregates in both LBD and in AD/ALB; to understand why αsyn pathology continues to progress in LBD but not in AD/ALB, tissue from the amygdala and other regions were obtained from 14 cases of LBD, 9 cases of AD/ALB, and 4 controls for immunohistochemical and biochemical characterization. Utilizing a panel of previously characterized αsyn antibodies, numerous unique pathologies differentiating LBD and AD/ALB were revealed; particularly the presence of dense neuropil αsyn aggregates, astrocytic αsyn, and αsyn-containing dystrophic neurites within senile plaques. Within LBD, these unique pathologies were predominantly present within the amygdala. Biochemically, the amygdala in LBD prominently contained specific carboxy-truncated forms of αsyn which are highly prone to aggregate, suggesting that the amygdala may be prone to initiate development of αsyn pathology. Similar to carboxy-truncated αsyn, it was demonstrated herein that the presence of aggregation prone A53T αsyn is sufficient to drive misfolding of wild-type αsyn in human disease. Overall, this study identifies within the amygdala in LBD the presence of unique strain-like variation in αsyn pathology that may be a determinant of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Sorrentino
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Marshall S Goodwin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Cara J Riffe
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jess-Karan S Dhillon
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yuxing Xia
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kimberly-Marie Gorion
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Niran Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Karen N McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Lawrence I Golbe
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Anthony T Yachnis
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Bell PT, Gilat M, Shine JM, McMahon KL, Lewis SJG, Copland DA. Neural correlates of emotional valence processing in Parkinson's disease: dysfunction in the subcortex. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:189-199. [PMID: 28812218 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is frequently accompanied by cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms including impairments in affective processing. Despite this, mechanisms underlying vulnerability to deficits in affective processing remain unclear. In this study, we utilized functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and an Affective Go-NoGo paradigm, to examine the neural correlates of emotional valence processing in PD. Results suggest that PD is associated with aberrant processing of emotional valence in subcortical limbic structures. Specifically, we found significant group-by-valence interactions in the ventral striatum and amygdala in response to words of differing emotional valence. Our findings contribute to a broader understanding of affective processing in PD and may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying vulnerability to mood disorders in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Bell
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Moran Gilat
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James M Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Copland
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Mason DM, Wang Y, Bhatia TN, Miner KM, Trbojevic SA, Stolz JF, Luk KC, Leak RK. The center of olfactory bulb-seeded α-synucleinopathy is the limbic system and the ensuing pathology is higher in male than in female mice. Brain Pathol 2019; 29:741-770. [PMID: 30854742 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At early disease stages, Lewy body disorders are characterized by limbic vs. brainstem α-synucleinopathy, but most preclinical studies have focused solely on the nigrostriatal pathway. Furthermore, male gender and advanced age are two major risk factors for this family of conditions, but their influence on the topographical extents of α-synucleinopathy and the degree of cell loss are uncertain. To fill these gaps, we infused α-synuclein fibrils in the olfactory bulb/anterior olfactory nucleus complex-one of the earliest and most frequently affected brain regions in Lewy body disorders-in 3-month-old female and male mice and in 11-month-old male mice. After 6 months, we observed that α-synucleinopathy did not expand significantly beyond the limbic connectome in the 9-month-old male and female mice or in the 17-month-old male mice. However, the 9-month-old male mice had developed greater α-synucleinopathy, smell impairment and cell loss than age-matched females. By 10.5 months post-infusion, fibril treatment hastened mortality in the 21.5-month-old males, but the inclusions remained centered in the limbic system in the survivors. Although fibril infusions reduced the number of cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra of young males at 6 months post-infusion, this was not attributable to true cell death. Furthermore, mesencephalic α-synucleinopathy, if present, was centered in mesolimbic circuits (ventral tegmental area/accumbens) rather than within strict boundaries of the nigral pars compacta, which were defined here by tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabel. Nonprimate models cannot be expected to faithfully recapitulate human Lewy body disorders, but our murine model seems reasonably suited to (i) capture some aspects of Stage IIb of Lewy body disorders, which displays a heavier limbic than brainstem component compared to incipient Parkinson's disease; and (ii) leverage sex differences and the acceleration of mortality following induction of olfactory α-synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Mason
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tarun N Bhatia
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kristin M Miner
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sara A Trbojevic
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John F Stolz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA
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Zhao S, Wang J, Xie Q, Luo L, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Luo J, Zhao Z. Parkinson's Disease Is Associated with Risk of Sexual Dysfunction in Men but Not in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Sex Med 2019; 16:434-446. [PMID: 30773498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence has emerged suggesting that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are susceptible to sexual dysfunction (SD). AIM To better clarify the relationship between PD and SD. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library database, and PsychINFO database were systematically searched for pertinent studies evaluating sexual function in the patients with PD. This systematic review and meta-analysis have been registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018108714; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO). OUTCOMES The association between PD and SD was assessed using relative risk (RR) with 95% CI. The quality of evidence was ranked by the GRADE profiler. RESULTS 11 observational studies met the predefined criteria for inclusion, enrolling 30,150 subjects from both the PD group and healthy control group (mean age 54.6-75.1 years). Synthesis results revealed that PD was associated with an elevated risk of SD in males (7 studies; 1.79; 95% CI = 1.26-2.54, P = .001; heterogeneity: I2 = 73.2%, P < .001). However, when restricted to female subjects, the combined RR from 3 eligible studies suggested a lack of significant association between PD and SD (RR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.64-2.61, P = .469; heterogeneity: I2 = 80.0%, P = .007). The GRADE profiler indicated the overall quality of the evidence was low in studies including males and very low in studies including females. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The current meta-analysis indicated that men with PD were more likely to experience SD than those without PD. In female subjects, however, PD seemed to not be associated with a high prevalence of SD compared with healthy controls. Based on these findings, patients with PD should be routinely assessed for sexual functioning, especially males. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between PD and the risks of SD in both males and females. However, substantial heterogeneities were detected across the included studies. CONCLUSION A hazardous effect of PD for developing SD was detected in men but not in women. As a result, sexual function assessment and appropriate therapy are recommended for men with PD in clinical practice. Zhao S, Wang J, Xie Q, et al. Parkinson's Disease Is Associated with Risk of Sexual Dysfunction in Men but Not in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis J Sex Med 2019;16:434-446.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Reproduction, Southern Medical University Affiliate Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Lianmin Luo
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangzhou Liu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintai Luo
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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48
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Mor DE, Daniels MJ, Ischiropoulos H. The usual suspects, dopamine and alpha-synuclein, conspire to cause neurodegeneration. Mov Disord 2019; 34:167-179. [PMID: 30633814 PMCID: PMC6379109 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily a movement disorder driven by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Early identification of the oxidative properties of dopamine implicated it as a potential source of oxidative stress in PD, yet few studies have investigated dopamine neurotoxicity in vivo. The discovery of PD-causing mutations in α-synuclein and the presence of aggregated α-synuclein in the hallmark Lewy body pathology of PD revealed another important player. Despite extensive efforts, the precise role of α-synuclein aggregation in neurodegeneration remains unclear. We recently manipulated both dopamine levels and α-synuclein expression in aged mice and found that only the combination of these 2 factors caused progressive neurodegeneration of the SN and an associated motor deficit. Dopamine modified α-synuclein aggregation in the SN, resulting in greater abundance of α-synuclein oligomers and unique dopamine-induced oligomeric conformations. Furthermore, disruption of the dopamine-α-synuclein interaction rescued dopaminergic neurons from degeneration in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans models. In this Perspective, we discuss these findings in the context of known α-synuclein and dopamine biology, review the evidence for α-synuclein oligomer toxicity and potential mechanisms, and discuss therapeutic implications. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. Mor
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Malcolm J. Daniels
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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49
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McClymont SA, Hook PW, Soto AI, Reed X, Law WD, Kerans SJ, Waite EL, Briceno NJ, Thole JF, Heckman MG, Diehl NN, Wszolek ZK, Moore CD, Zhu H, Akiyama JA, Dickel DE, Visel A, Pennacchio LA, Ross OA, Beer MA, McCallion AS. Parkinson-Associated SNCA Enhancer Variants Revealed by Open Chromatin in Mouse Dopamine Neurons. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:874-892. [PMID: 30503521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of midbrain (MB) dopaminergic (DA) neurons defines the motor features of Parkinson disease (PD), and modulation of risk by common variants in PD has been well established through genome-wide association studies (GWASs). We acquired open chromatin signatures of purified embryonic mouse MB DA neurons because we anticipated that a fraction of PD-associated genetic variation might mediate the variants' effects within this neuronal population. Correlation with >2,300 putative enhancers assayed in mice revealed enrichment for MB cis-regulatory elements (CREs), and these data were reinforced by transgenic analyses of six additional sequences in zebrafish and mice. One CRE, within intron 4 of the familial PD gene SNCA, directed reporter expression in catecholaminergic neurons from transgenic mice and zebrafish. Sequencing of this CRE in 986 individuals with PD and 992 controls revealed two common variants associated with elevated PD risk. To assess potential mechanisms of action, we screened >16,000 proteins for DNA binding capacity and identified a subset whose binding is impacted by these enhancer variants. Additional genotyping across the SNCA locus identified a single PD-associated haplotype, containing the minor alleles of both of the aforementioned PD-risk variants. Our work posits a model for how common variation at SNCA might modulate PD risk and highlights the value of cell-context-dependent guided searches for functional non-coding variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A McClymont
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Paul W Hook
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alexandra I Soto
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Xylena Reed
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William D Law
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Samuel J Kerans
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric L Waite
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicole J Briceno
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joey F Thole
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nancy N Diehl
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Cedric D Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer A Akiyama
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Diane E Dickel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA; Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Neuroscience Track, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Michael A Beer
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew S McCallion
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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50
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Aghamohammadi-Sereshki A, Hrybouski S, Travis S, Huang Y, Olsen F, Carter R, Camicioli R, Malykhin NV. Amygdala subnuclei and healthy cognitive aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:34-52. [PMID: 30291764 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amygdala is a group of nuclei involved in the neural circuits of fear, reward learning, and stress. The main goal of this magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was to investigate the relationship between age and the amygdala subnuclei volumes in a large cohort of healthy individuals. Our second goal was to determine effects of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphisms on the amygdala structure. One hundred and twenty-six healthy participants (18-85 years old) were recruited for this study. MRI datasets were acquired on a 4.7 T system. Amygdala was manually segmented into five major subdivisions (lateral, basal, accessory basal nuclei, and cortical, and centromedial groups). The BDNF (methionine and homozygous valine) and APOE genotypes (ε2, homozygous ε3, and ε4) were obtained using single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found significant nonlinear negative associations between age and the total amygdala and its lateral, basal, and accessory basal nuclei volumes, while the cortical amygdala showed a trend. These age-related associations were found only in males but not in females. Centromedial amygdala did not show any relationship with age. We did not observe any statistically significant effects of APOE and BDNF polymorphisms on the amygdala subnuclei volumes. In contrast to APOE ε2 allele carriers, both older APOE ε4 and ε3 allele carriers had smaller lateral, basal, accessory basal nuclei volumes compared to their younger counterparts. This study indicates that amygdala subnuclei might be nonuniformly affected by aging and that age-related association might be gender specific.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanislau Hrybouski
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Scott Travis
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yushan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fraser Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rawle Carter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Camicioli
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nikolai V Malykhin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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