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Okada M, Matsumoto R, Motomura E. Suicide mortality rates in Japan before and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic era. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e188. [PMID: 38868081 PMCID: PMC11114309 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Statistical analyses from Japan reported increasing suicides in 2020, first in the world, proving the severity of the public health crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, so far, international suicides have not been shown to be objectively increasing at population level. Followed studies reported the existence of a substantial heterogeneity of suicides among subgroups and time-lag impacts. Against public health crisis in Japan, policymakers, psychiatrists and public health personnel should prioritize improving suicide prevention programs following evidence-based policymaking. Understanding how/what factors relate to the COVID-19 pandemic and what other factors have shaped the increasing suicide numbers since 2020 through objectively well-controlled/fine-grained analyses of high-quality longitudinal/cross-sectional data at the individual, regional, and national levels is important for identifying the reasons for the recent trend. For this purpose, this study examined suicide statistics, statistical analysis methods, and their interpretations. Recent analyses suggest an increased suicide risk among females <50 years and males <30 years in 2020-2022. Notably, time-series analyses revealed that adolescent suicides began increasing before the pandemic, while working-age female suicides sharply increased synchronously with the pandemic outbreak. Causality analyses suggest that social issues facing Japan and recent global psychosocial and socioeconomic transformations are risk factors for suicide in high-risk groups. Finally, this report demonstrates the importance of providing appropriate support based on an objective understanding of individuals who are at risk for suicide, without being bound by traditional established knowledges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of MedicineMie UniversityTsuJapan
| | - Ryusuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of MedicineMie UniversityTsuJapan
| | - Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of MedicineMie UniversityTsuJapan
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Matsumoto R, Motomura E, Okada M. Temporal Fluctuations of Suicide Mortality in Japan from 2009 to 2023 Using Government Databases. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1086-1100. [PMID: 38667826 PMCID: PMC11048886 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In Japan, suicide mortalities consistently decreased before the COVID-19 pandemic (from 2009 to 2019) but, conversely, increased after the pandemic outbreak from 2020 to 2022. To provide up-to-date suicide statistics in Japan, this study determined the temporal fluctuations of standardized suicide mortalities (SMRs), disaggregated by sex and age, by joinpoint regression analysis using the government suicide database, named the "Basic Data on Suicide in Region". From January 2009 to December 2023, three temporal fluctuation patterns of SMRs pertaining to working age and older adults were detected, such as attenuations of decreasing trends before the COVID-19 pandemic (from around the mid-2010s), a sharply increasing trend that coincided with the pandemic outbreak, and gradually decreased during the pandemic, but no changes at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the SMRs of working-age females sharply increased concurrently with the pandemic outbreak, whereas those of males did not change. However, before the pandemic, decreasing trends of the SMRs of working-age males diminished in the mid-2010s, but those of females consistently decreased. The SMRs of working-age males indicated non-significant but sharply increasing trends in early 2022, a trend that was not observed for females. In contrast to working-age adults, the SMRs of adolescents already began to increase in the mid-2010s and also indicated consistently increasing trends between the periods during and after the pandemic. These results suggest, contrary to our expectations, that the impacts of both the outbreak and end of the COVID-19 pandemic were limited regarding the increase in SMRs from 2020. Therefore, when revising suicide prevention programs in the post-COVID-19 era, it should be noted that focusing on pandemic-associated factors alone is not sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (R.M.); (E.M.)
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Feng Q, Cui M. Discrepancies in Perceived Indulgent Parenting, Relationship Satisfaction, and Psychological Well-Being of Adolescents and Parents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:393. [PMID: 38671610 PMCID: PMC11049398 DOI: 10.3390/children11040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Indulgent parenting has been associated with adolescents' psychological well-being problems; however, prior research has primarily relied on adolescents' report of such parenting behavior and its association with their own well-being, often overlooking parents' perceptions of indulgence and their own well-being. In this study, we address this gap in the literature by examining the agreement and disagreement between parents' and adolescents' perceptions of indulgent parenting and the implications for the psychological well-being of both adolescents and their parents. Further, we explore the role of adolescent-parent relationship satisfaction as a potential factor affecting these associations. Our investigation was based on data from 128 parent-adolescent dyads. Utilizing structural equation modeling with double-entry intraclass correlations (ICC_DE), our analyses revealed several main findings: (1) adolescents perceived higher levels of indulgent parenting than their parents did; (2) disagreement in perceived indulgent parenting between parents and adolescents was linked to psychological well-being problems for both adolescents and their parents; and (3) disagreement in perceptions in indulgent parenting had a stronger association with adolescents' well-being problems when adolescents reported greater relationship satisfaction with their parents. These findings provide insights into perceptions of indulgent parenting within parent-adolescent relationships and bring psychological implications for both adolescents and their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
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4
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Winds K, Marka T, Salcher B, Rieser N, Skrivanek C, Hochrainer M, Trost-Schrems J, Rainer LJ, Hitzl W, Augner C, Plattner B. Glow up: does a professional photoshoot intervention affect self-esteem and emotions among adolescent psychiatric patients?-A longitudinal intervention study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1310252. [PMID: 38463433 PMCID: PMC10920346 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1310252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Today, online communication is shaped by a billion-dollar social media (SM) and social networking site (SNS) industry. Visual content consumed by children and adolescents has been shown to influence behavioral patterns, state emotions, and self-esteem (SE). In this study, we introduced a novel intervention creating visual content through a professional photoshoot and investigated its impact on state emotions and SE in child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) patients. Methods Standardized and validated self-rating questionnaires were used to assess SE, state emotions, coping mechanisms, psychopathological symptoms, and internet use behavior at baseline. SE and state emotions were monitored at different time points around a professional photoshoot within 45 CAP patients (30 female patients; mean age, 15.1 years) using a longitudinal design. Results Within-subject repeated-measures ANOVA and bootstrapped paired-sample t-tests showed a significant fluctuation in state emotions and SE throughout the intervention. Spearman correlations and univariate logistic regressions revealed that internalizing symptomatology and maladaptive coping significantly worsened the outcome of the intervention on state emotions and SE in girls. Internet-related variables heightened the positive effect of the intervention in boys and lowered SE in girls during the intervention. Conclusion The photo intervention had various gender-specific effects. Boys did benefit from the intervention in terms of longitudinal outcome on positive state emotions (PE) and SE, even positively influenced by SNS and SM. Thus, it might be concluded that online social comparison was processed more beneficial in boys. In contrast, when working with visual content in girls, psychopathology and coping must be considered. Internet consumption in general, especially SM and SNS, was related to low SE in girls. Nevertheless, when therapeutically accompanied, the "glow up moment" during the shoot (high on PE and SE; low on negative state emotions) could be used as an index moment for therapeutic reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelius Winds
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Marka
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Salcher
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicole Rieser
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christine Skrivanek
- University Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michelle Hochrainer
- University Clinics for Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Trost-Schrems
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lucas J. Rainer
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- University Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- University Clinics for Neurology, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Research Office Biostatistics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Augner
- University Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute for Human Resources Research in Health Care, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Belinda Plattner
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Shen C, Smith RB, Heller J, Spiers ADV, Thompson R, Ward H, Roiser JP, Nicholls D, Toledano MB. Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Relation to the Use of Digital Technologies: Longitudinal Cohort Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e45114. [PMID: 38324379 PMCID: PMC10882466 DOI: 10.2196/45114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are susceptible to mental illness and have experienced substantial disruption owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. The digital environment is increasingly important in the context of a pandemic when in-person social connection is restricted. OBJECTIVE This study aims to estimate whether depression and anxiety had worsened compared with the prepandemic period and examine potential associations with sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral factors, particularly digital behaviors. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a large, representative Greater London adolescent cohort study: the Study of Cognition, Adolescents and Mobile Phones (SCAMP). Participants completed surveys at T1 between November 2016 and July 2018 (N=4978; aged 13 to 15 years) and at T2 between July 2020 and June 2021 (N=1328; aged 16 to 18 years). Depression and anxiety were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, respectively. Information on the duration of total mobile phone use, social network site use, and video gaming was also collected using questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of sociodemographic characteristics, digital technology use, and sleep duration with clinically significant depression and anxiety. RESULTS The proportion of adolescents who had clinical depression and anxiety significantly increased at T2 (depression: 140/421, 33.3%; anxiety: 125/425, 29.4%) compared with the proportion of adolescents at T1 (depression: 57/421, 13.5%; anxiety: 58/425, 13.6%; P for 2-proportion z test <.001 for both depression and anxiety). Depression and anxiety levels were similar between the summer holiday, school opening, and school closures. Female participants had higher odds of new incident depression (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.18) and anxiety (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.23-3.61) at T2. A high level of total mobile phone use at T1 was associated with developing depression at T2 (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.02-3.49). Social network site use was associated with depression and anxiety cross-sectionally at T1 and T2 but did not appear to be associated with developing depression or anxiety longitudinally. Insufficient sleep at T1 was associated with developing depression at T2 (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.31-3.91). CONCLUSIONS The mental health of this large sample of adolescents from London deteriorated during the pandemic without noticeable variations relating to public health measures. The deterioration was exacerbated in girls, those with preexisting high total mobile phone use, and those with preexisting disrupted sleep. Our findings suggest the necessity for allocating resources to address these modifiable factors and target high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel B Smith
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Heller
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D V Spiers
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon Thompson
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Ward
- Patient Experience Research Centre, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dasha Nicholls
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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van Rijn R, Lee NC, Hollarek M, Sijtsma H, Walsh RJ, van Buuren M, Braams BR, Krabbendam L. The Effect of Relative Pubertal Maturation and Perceived Popularity on Symptoms of Depression and Social Anxiety in Adolescent Boys and Girls. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:2384-2403. [PMID: 37592196 PMCID: PMC10495507 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that adolescents - particularly girls - who mature relatively early often experience more internalizing problems. This effect is thought to be partially driven by psychosocial mechanisms, but previous research based relative pubertal maturation on complete samples or population standards, instead of considering the adolescents' direct peer environment. In the current study the level of adolescents' pubertal development was assessed relative to their classmates in order to examine relative pubertal maturation. The effects of adolescents' relative pubertal status, and their perceived popularity, on symptoms of social anxiety and depression in adolescents were studied. All analyses were also performed for absolute pubertal maturation. Participants were 397 young adolescents (Mage = 13.06, SD = 0.36, 49.9% girls) at timepoint 1, and 307 (Mage = 14.08, SD = 0.36, 50.5% girls) at timepoint 2. A significant positive relationship was found between relative pubertal timing and symptoms of depression for girls but not boys. Social anxiety symptoms were not significantly related to relative pubertal timing in either sex. Relative pubertal maturation had no effect on change in or persistence of depressive and social anxiety symptoms one year later. The effects of the comparison with the immediate peer environment, did not seem to explain more variance in internalizing symptoms than the effects of early maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca van Rijn
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Research Institute LEARN!, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nikki C Lee
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Hollarek
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute LEARN!, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hester Sijtsma
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute LEARN!, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reubs J Walsh
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute LEARN!, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariët van Buuren
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute LEARN!, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara R Braams
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute LEARN!, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Section of Clinical Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute LEARN!, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Okada M, Matsumoto R, Shiroyama T, Motomura E. Suicidal Mortality and Motives Among Middle-School, High-School, and University Students. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2328144. [PMID: 37548975 PMCID: PMC10407687 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.28144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The suicide mortality rate per 100 000 population (SMRP) consistently decreased before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Japan and then unexpectedly increased during the pandemic. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To identify trends in and factors associated with suicidal mortality and motives among students in Japan from 2007 to 2022. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cross-sectional study, data on SMRPs among Japanese middle-school, high-school, and university students were obtained from the government suicide database Suicide Statistics of the National Police Agency. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Age-dependent and temporal fluctuations in annual SMRPs, disaggregated by suicidal motive (7 categories and 52 subcategories), sex, and school, were analyzed using linear mixed-effect and joinpoint regression models, respectively. RESULTS Total suicide numbers from 2007 to 2022 were as follows: 760 male middle-school students, 635 female middle-school students, 2376 male high-school students, 1566 female high-school students, 5179 male university students, and 1880 female university students. The mean (SD) student populations from 2007 to 2022 were as follows: 1 752 737 (81 334) male middle-school students, 1 675 572 (78 824) female middle-school students, 1 648 274 (67 520) male high-school students, 1 614 828 (60 032) female high-school students, 1 652 689 (32 724) male university students, and 1 229 142 (57 484) female university students. Among male students, the leading motives were school-related factors (underachievement and worrying about the future), followed by family-related and health-related motives. Among female students, school-related and family-related motives decreased, but health-related motives showed an age-dependent increase. The SMRPs of middle-school male students and female students were almost equal (mean [SD], 2.7 [1.0] vs 2.4 [1.4]), but the age-dependent increase in SMRPs among male students was pronounced (mean [SD], high-school vs university male students, 9.1 [2.4] vs 19.6 [3.0]; high-school vs university female students, 6.1 [2.4] vs 9.6 [1.8]). However, the incidence of suicide among high-school students associated with health-related motives was greater in female students. The majority of suicides associated with major impactable suicidal motives (school-related, health-related, and family-related motives) began increasing before the pandemic. Changes in SMRP associated with interpersonal relationships, such as conflict with classmates or parents, were not significant, but the rates increased greatly during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE School-related, health-related, and family-related problems were major motives, whereas the impacts of health-related and family-related motives increased and decreased with age, respectively. Notably, most SMRPs associated with major impactable motives (underachievement, conflict with a parent or classmate, and mental illnesses) had already begun increasing in the late 2010s, indicating that recent increasing SMRPs among school-aged individuals were associated with pandemic-related factors and other factors affecting this generation before the pandemic. It may be inappropriate to uniformly apply research findings based on school-aged individuals to school-based suicide prevention programs for students in middle school, high school, and university.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Okada
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Matsumoto
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiroyama
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eishi Motomura
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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8
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Jenkins JH, Sanchez G, Miller EA, Santillanes Allande NI, Urano G, Pryor AJ. Depression and anxiety among multiethnic middle school students: Age, gender, and sociocultural environment. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:784-794. [PMID: 36529994 PMCID: PMC10152214 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221140282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety-related disorders are common among adolescents. Research attention to early adolescence and low-income ethnically diverse populations is limited. AIM To conduct screening for depression and anxiety at an early age with attention to gender and socioenvironmental context within a low-income setting. METHOD Mixed methods included the PHQ-9A and GAD-10 screening instruments and ethnographic interviews. RESULTS 75 ethnically diverse middle school students were included. Mean years age was 11.2 (0.74). Females had higher PHQ-9A sum scores than males (p = .002, Mann-Whitney test) and higher GAD-10 sum scores than males (p = .016, Mann-Whitney test). After controlling for multiple comparisons, girls had higher mean responses on three PHQ-9A items (p < .006, two-sided t-test) and only one GAD-10 item (p < .005, two-sided t-test). Ethnographic interviews revealed contexts associated with girls' experiences of depression and anxiety, including gender-based violence in both school and home environments. Salient for girls and boys alike were worries about consequences of COVID-19 for family with respect to illness, death, job loss, economic hardship. Fears over student perceptions of intensified discrimination and racism in school and community were prominent. These problems were experienced by students as barriers to educational engagement. CONCLUSION Specific attention to early adolescence is needed to identify emergence of subsyndromal conditions which may benefit from therapeutic attention to reduce symptom severity, identify sociocultural, structural, and gender-specific stressors, and to enhance educational engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis H Jenkins
- Department of Anthropology, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez
- Department of Anthropology, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Miller
- School of Medicine, University of
California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Grace Urano
- Department of Anthropology, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra J Pryor
- School of Medicine, University of
California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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9
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Feng Q, Cui M. Indulgent Parenting and the Psychological Well-Being of Adolescents and Their Parents. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030451. [PMID: 36980007 PMCID: PMC10047057 DOI: 10.3390/children10030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time for identity development and exploration. Indulgent parenting during adolescence could be developmentally inappropriate and could be associated with adolescent psychological well-being problems. Little research on indulgent parenting, however, has included and investigated both adolescent and parental well-being problems. To extend the literature, the current study used both adolescent and parental reports in a dyadic context to investigate the association between indulgent parenting and the psychological well-being problems of both adolescents and their parents. This study used a sample of 128 adolescent–parent dyads. The findings from the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) suggested that (1) the adolescent perceptions of behavioral indulgent parenting were significantly related to their own well-being problems; (2) the parents’ perceptions of relational and behavioral indulgent parenting were significantly related to their own well-being problems; and (3) no effects were found between adolescents and their parents. The findings from this study have implications for prevention and intervention programs to improve parenting practices and reduce parents’ well-being problems.
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10
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A multilevel person-centered examination of students' learning anxiety and its relationship with student background and school factors. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Bi Y, Moon M, Shin M. The Longitudinal Effects of Depression on Academic Performance in Chinese Adolescents via Peer Relationships: The Moderating Effect of Gender and Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:181. [PMID: 36612503 PMCID: PMC9820040 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine whether there is a difference in the sequential effect of depression on academic performance through peer relationships in Chinese adolescents based on gender and physical activity by using longitudinal data. Data from 7170 people from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) were used for analysis. The analysis showed that the indirect effect of depression on academic performance through peer relationships varied depending on gender and physical activity. Specifically, in male students experiencing depression, there was an indirect effect on academic performance through peer relationships in both high and low physical activity groups. In female students experiencing depression, the indirect effect on academic performance through peer relationships was offset if they participated more in physical activity. In other words, for female students participating in physical activity, improvement in peer relationships did not lead to higher academic performance, whereas for male students, improvement in academic performance could be anticipated by improving peer relationships regardless of participation in physical activity. Moreover, since peer relationships play a critical role in improving the academic performance of adolescents experiencing depression, it is important to develop a physical activity or sports program to strengthen peer relationships to improve academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchen Bi
- Department of Leisure Sports, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkwon Moon
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 143701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungjin Shin
- Department of Leisure Sports, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, Republic of Korea
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12
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Lee KS, Yang Y. Educational attainment and emotional well-being in adolescence and adulthood. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 2:100138. [PMID: 36704067 PMCID: PMC9875584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Education has been conceptualized as a causal factor leading to emotional well-being. However, it is also possible that some of the effect of education may be due to selection factors. Analyzing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 10,908), we asked: to what extent does educational attainment increase emotional well-being once stable observed and unobserved individual characteristics are accounted for? Findings from fixed effects models showed that attaining a college degree was associated with greater emotional well-being. However, interactions with gender indicate that the positive association with emotional well-being is primarily for women, although a small negative association between completing college and depressive affect was found for men. These findings point to unmeasured confounding factors as motivating some of the association between educational attainment and emotional well-being among adolescents and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yulin Yang
- University of California, San Francisco, United States
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13
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Psychological toll of being awakened: Asian-origin youth's critical reflection and mental health. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Marie R, Journault AA, Cernik R, Welch P, Lupien S, McDermott B, Moxon JV, Sarnyai Z. A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Canadian and Australian Adolescents' Perceived Experiences of COVID-19: Gender Differences and Mental Health Implications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074407. [PMID: 35410086 PMCID: PMC8998759 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) disease pandemic has been associated with adverse psychological outcomes. This cross-cultural study (N = 1326, 71% female) aimed to investigate Canadian and Australian adolescents’ subjective experiences of COVID-19, gender differences, and psychological implications. Mixed-methods analyses were used to examine differences in COVID-19 experiences and mental health outcomes between country and gender in a Canadian (N = 913, 78% female) and an Australian sample (N = 413, 57% female) of adolescents. Canadian adolescents reported increased COVID-19 discussions and more concerns related to their COVID-19 experiences compared to Australian adolescents. Girls consistently reported more concerns related to COVID-19 and poorer psychological outcomes compared to boys. School lockdown for the Canadian sample may have played a role in these country differences. Further, girls might be at significantly more risk for mental health concerns during COVID-19, which should be considered in adolescent mental health initiatives during the pandemic. Although school disruption and separation of peers due to the pandemic likely have a role in adolescent perceived stressors and mental health, the differences between Canadian and Australian adolescents were less clear and future investigations comparing more objective pre-COVID-19 data to current data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riana Marie
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (P.W.); (B.M.); (J.V.M.)
| | - Audrey-Ann Journault
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montréal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (A.-A.J.); (R.C.); (S.L.)
- Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rebecca Cernik
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montréal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (A.-A.J.); (R.C.); (S.L.)
- Psychiatry Department, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Paul Welch
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (P.W.); (B.M.); (J.V.M.)
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Montréal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (A.-A.J.); (R.C.); (S.L.)
- Psychiatry Department, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Brett McDermott
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (P.W.); (B.M.); (J.V.M.)
| | - Joseph V. Moxon
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; (P.W.); (B.M.); (J.V.M.)
| | - Zoltan Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Correspondence:
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15
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Healthy Learning Mind (HLM): Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial on A Mindfulness Intervention, Moderators and Association with Perceived Socioeconomic Status, and Comparison to Other National Data. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-022-09683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This paper presents the baseline characteristics and their moderators in the Healthy Learning Mind (HLM)– school-based cluster-randomized controlled trial.
Objectives
The paper evaluates the state of various measures of well-being, their moderators and how these results compare to national and global norms/population studies.
Methods
Data were collected from all participants prior to the intervention and further analyzed by gender, grade and perceived socioeconomic status, including standardized measures for resilience, depressive symptoms and socioemotional functioning; health-related quality of life, dispositional mindfulness, satisfaction with life, compassion/self-kindness, self-rated health and morning tiredness.
Results
Participating 2793 students (1425 girls, 1368 boys), ages 12 to 15 years, filled in the questionnaires. The outcomes were in line with previous research, demonstrating gender differentiation and lower wellbeing among older children and adolescents.
Conclusions
All outcomes were associated with perceived socioeconomic status, suggesting that perceived low socioeconomic status should be addressed as a serious risk factor and included as a moderator in similar trials.
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Park S, Chang H. Developmental Trajectory of Inattention and Its Association With Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Peer Relationships as a Mediator. Front Psychol 2022; 12:736840. [PMID: 35178006 PMCID: PMC8845459 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the developmental trajectory of inattention symptoms as a predictor of later depressive symptoms in adolescence, and examined potential mediating role of peer relationships in this process. Participants were adolescents who were part of the large longitudinal panel study on Korean Youths, Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey 2010 (KCYPS 2010) of the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI). Specifically, data were drawn from two cohorts of KCYPS that differed in participant age (Panel 1: 2003 birth cohort, n = 2,342, 48.2% girls; Panel 2: 2000 birth cohorts, n = 2,378, 40.0% girls). We analyzed data collected from 2010 to 2016 when children in panel 1 were 6-7 to 12-13 years old, and children in panel 2 were 9-10 to 15-16 years old. Results of latent growth modeling (LGM) were as follows. In Panel 1, the inattention symptoms increased from 9-10 to 12-13 years. Otherwise, the inattention symptoms decreased from 11-12 to 15-16 years in panel 2. Additionally, in both panels, initial status and slope of inattention significantly predicted later levels of depressive symptoms, and peer relationships partly mediated the association between inattention trajectory and depressive symptoms. The findings are discussed with respect to considering the growth of inattention and the quality of peer relationships as promising targets for early identification and intervention of depression in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyein Chang
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Stark L, Seff I, Cohen F, Aldrich J, Allaf C. Stressful Life Events and Their Unique Associations with Psychosocial Outcomes: a Gendered Analysis Among High School Adolescents. GLOBAL SOCIAL WELFARE : RESEARCH, POLICY & PRACTICE 2021; 8:367-377. [PMID: 35004127 PMCID: PMC8734586 DOI: 10.1007/s40609-020-00179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is substantial evidence linking stressful life events (SLEs) in childhood to poor mental health later in life, but few studies explore how various types of SLEs differentially impact mental health. The purpose of this study is to assess associations between SLEs and psychosocial outcomes in a diverse adolescent population in the USA and to examine whether and how these relationships are gendered. METHODS The sample comprises 181 high school students ages 13-21 years in Harrisonburg, Virginia. This study analyzed associations between 12 SLEs and eight psychosocial outcomes using ordinary least-squares and logistic regressions. Relationships were estimated for the full sample and for males and females, separately. RESULTS For boys, having ever been forced to leave one's family was associated with declines in resilience (B = - 4.646; 95% CI (- 8.79, - 0.50)) and increases in externalizing symptoms (B = 0.392; 95% CI (0.15, 0.63)). Furthermore, boys who experienced a drastic change in their family reported lower levels of school belonging (B = - 9.272; 95% CI (- 17.45, - 1.09)). For girls, having ever been forced to leave one's family was associated with decreases in depressive (B = - 0.961; 95% CI (- 1.88, - 0.05)) and anxiety symptomology (B = - 0.868; 95% CI (- 1.68, - 0.06)). Overall, students who experienced a life-threatening emergency exhibited greater depressive (B = 0.445; 95% CI (0.15, 0.74)) and anxiety symptoms (B = 0.287; 95% CI (0.05, 0.52)), and depressive symptomology was also associated with having ever been physically hurt by someone (B = 0.224; 95% CI (0.01, 0.44)). CONCLUSIONS Findings provide insights into how exposures might engender different mental health processes and outcomes, and how these processes may manifest differently across gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Stark
- Brown School, Washington University, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ilana Seff
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Flora Cohen
- Brown School, Washington University, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jeremy Aldrich
- Harrisonburg City Public Schools, 1 Court Square, Harrisonburg, VA 22801, USA
| | - Carine Allaf
- Qatar Foundation International, 1225 New York Ave NW #500, Washington, D. C 20005, USA
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18
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Mourelatos E. How personality affects reaction. A mental health behavioral insight review during the Pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:8644-8665. [PMID: 34744405 PMCID: PMC8563358 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fear caused by the Covid-19 pandemic is changing our psychology and behavior. This ongoing negative event, imposing restrictions such as home isolation and social distancing, can result in heightened anxiety, depression and a sense of loneliness, with immediate effects on mental health. This study investigates adolescents’ reaction to the pandemic, by analyzing the behavioral mental health trends of depression, anxiety and sense of loneliness, in relation to personality traits. After controlling for demographics and family background, our results reveal strong relationships between several personality traits and psychological health indicators, during the pandemic in Greece. A total of 419 secondary school students (aged 12–18) were administered the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), the Big Five Inventory for measuring personality (BFI) and the Children’s Loneliness Questionnaire (CLS) during two time periods within pandemic. Overall, it appears that depression increased significantly in line with the escalation of the pandemic, while anxiety decreased, with the strongest predictors being the personality variables of extraversion, neuroticism and openness. Surprisingly, the study also revealed that the level of extraversion has a positive effect on changes in anxiety, while a negative one on changes in depression. On the other hand, neuroticism and openness seem to negatively correlate with anxiety changes and positively with depression changes. These findings highlight the importance of considering these variables in addressing individuals’ mental health behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic and elucidate the literature by offering a deeper understanding of the strong relationship between personality, depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Mourelatos
- Department of Economics, Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Economics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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19
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Gender Differences in Depressive Traits among Rural and Urban Chinese Adolescent Students: Secondary Data Analysis of Nationwide Survey CFPS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179124. [PMID: 34501714 PMCID: PMC8430502 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many previous studies have indicated that urban adolescents show a higher level of mental health in China compared to rural adolescents. Specifically, girls in rural areas represented a high-risk group prior to the 21st century, demonstrating more suicidal behaviour and ideation than those in the urban areas because of the severe gender inequality in rural China. However, because of the urbanisation process and centralised policy to eliminate gender inequality in recent decades, the regional and gender differences in mental health might decrease. This research aimed to probe the gender and regional differences in depressive traits among adolescent students currently in China. We adopted the national survey dataset Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) conducted in 2018. Accordingly, 2173 observations from 10–15-year-old subjects were included. CFPS utilised an eight-item questionnaire to screen individuals’ depressive traits. Two dimensions of depressive traits were confirmed by CFA, namely depressed affect and anhedonia. The measurement invariance tests suggested that the two-factor model was applicable for both males and females and rural and urban students. Based on the extracted values from the CFA model, MANOVA results revealed that, compared to boys, girls experienced more depressed affect. Moreover, rural students demonstrated more anhedonia symptoms. There was no interaction between gender and region. The results suggest that, even though the gender and regional differences are small, being a female and coming from a rural area are still potential risk factors for developing depressive traits among adolescent students in China.
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20
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Lüdeke S, Linderkamp F. Zusammenhänge zwischen dissozialen Verhaltensweisen und Stresserleben bei Jugendlichen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PADAGOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1024/1010-0652/a000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Dissoziale Verhaltensweisen wie Wutanfälle, Lügen und Stehlen bis hin zu gewaltsamen Übergriffen gegenüber Peers, Lehrpersonen und Eltern stellen hohe Belastungen für die soziale Umwelt der Jugendlichen dar. Obwohl kognitiv-emotionale Stressverarbeitungsprozesse eine zentrale Bedeutung für die Erklärung von Verhaltensproblemen haben, analysiert bislang keine Studie systematisch das Stresserleben bei Jugendlichen mit dissozialem Verhalten in unterschiedlichen Lebensbereichen. Diese Studie geht der Fragestellung nach, inwiefern Jugendliche mit dissozialem Verhalten in verschiedenen Lebensbereichen (u. a. Eltern, Schule, Zukunftsplanung, Freizeit, Peerbeziehungen) Stress empfinden. Die Stichprobe umfasst N = 91 Jugendliche (Altersrange 12 – 16, 39 Mädchen), von denen N = 44 dissoziale Verhaltensweisen aufweisen. Verhaltensprobleme und Stresserleben wurden mittels standardisierter Instrumente erfasst. In hierarchischen Regressionsanalysen erklären dissoziale Verhaltensweisen bedeutsame Varianz des Stresserlebens. In Bezug auf die Zukunft (z. B. Angst vor Arbeitslosigkeit) sowie schulische Stressoren (z. B. Leistungsversagen) ist das Stresserleben dissozialer Jugendlicher erhöht, im Freizeitbereich sowie im Umgang mit Peers bestehen keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede zur Kontrollgruppe. Die Ergebnisse implizieren spezifische kognitiv-emotionale Stressverarbeitungsprozesse bei dissozialen Jugendlichen, deren mögliche Bedeutung für Verhaltensänderungen in schulischen und anderen pädagogischen Kontexten diskutiert wird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Lüdeke
- School of Education, Institut für Bildungsforschung, Bergische Universität Wuppertal
| | - Friedrich Linderkamp
- School of Education, Institut für Bildungsforschung, Bergische Universität Wuppertal
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21
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Maqbool R, Maqbool M, Zehravi M, Ara I. Menstrual distress in females of reproductive age: a literature review. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2021; 34:11-17. [PMID: 34293834 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2021-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Menstrual-related issues have significant public-health ramifications. Women who are having menstruation troubles should get their mental health checked by healthcare specialists. In young women, a menstrual-related condition has serious health implications. Young females who have menstrual issues miss job and school, and their behavioural and mental development suffers as a result. Depression and anxiety have an impact on women's menstrual periods in adults. Symptoms like as cramps, tiredness, backache, swelling abdomen, and painful breasts have also been described in women with menstrual misery. Menstrual distress has been shown to impair women's daily activities, as well as their reproductive and psychological health, according to research. Menstrual periods are frequently accompanied by a variety of unpleasant symptoms, such as premenstrual syndrome, which includes symptoms such as mild cramping and exhaustion. The severity of these symptoms, on the other hand, differs from woman to woman, depending on their health, food, way of life, and other factors. Women with menstrual-related issues have also reported smoking, alcohol intake, and an increase in hunger. Furthermore, young women experience emotional disturbances such as melancholy, restlessness, and despair. It is a sign of an atypical menstrual cycle if there is no cycle or if the bleeding is atypical or light. As a result, it is critical to maintain contact with a gynaecologist in order to detect any significant changes in a regular menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubeena Maqbool
- Department of Pharmacology, GMC Baramulla, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Mudasir Maqbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Saudia Arabia
| | - Irfat Ara
- Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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22
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Melegari MG, Barni D, Piperno V, Andriola E. Coping Skills in Pre- and Early Adolescents: The Role of Temperament and Character. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2021; 182:406-421. [PMID: 34219619 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2021.1944044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Coping skills represent cognitive, emotional, and behavioral resources to overcome developmental challenges and tasks. Based on Cloninger's model of personality, the main aim of this study was to analyze the relation among temperament, character, and coping skills in nonclinical pre- and early adolescents by also considering adolescents' gender and age. One hundred and thirty-eight Italian pre- and early adolescents (52.2% boys and 47.8% girls), aged between 10-14 years (M = 12.33 ± 0.87 SD), filled out the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory and the Children's Coping Strategies Checklist Revision 1. Regression and relative weights analyses showed that several of adolescents' personality dimensions did predict their coping skills. Specifically, Harm Avoidance was negatively related to Positive Reframing and Distraction; this latter (i.e., Distraction) was also negatively associated with Novelty Seeking, Self-Directedness, and Cooperativeness. On the contrary, Cooperativeness was positively related to the use of Problem Focus strategy, and Reward Dependence was positively related to Distraction and Social Support. Significant gender and age differences in personality as well as in coping skills emerged. Girls scored higher on Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, Persistence and Problem Focus, and boys scored higher on Novelty Seeking and Distraction. Moreover, pre-adolescents (10-12 years) reported lower scores on Novelty Seeking and higher on Problem Focus than early adolescents (13-14 years). Overall, the results suggest that bio-psycho-social individual factors linked to personality, gender, and age have an important role in shaping pre- and early adolescents' coping and adaptation responses. Practical implications of the results and future developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Barni
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elda Andriola
- Consortium "Humanitas", LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
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23
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Docka‐Filipek D, Stone LB. Twice a “housewife”: On academic precarity, “hysterical” women, faculty mental health, and service as gendered care work for the “university family” in pandemic times. GENDER WORK AND ORGANIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Ballou N, Van Rooij AJ. The relationship between mental well-being and dysregulated gaming: a specification curve analysis of core and peripheral criteria in five gaming disorder scales. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201385. [PMID: 34084538 PMCID: PMC8150039 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gaming disorder (also known as dysregulated gaming) has received significant research and policy attention based on concerns that certain patterns of play are associated with decreased mental well-being and/or functional impairment. In this study, we use specification curve analysis to examine analytical flexibility and the strength of the relationship between dysregulated gaming and well-being in the form of general mental health, depressive mood and life satisfaction. Dutch and Flemish gamers (n = 424) completed an online survey containing five unique dysregulated gaming measures (covering nine scale variants) and three well-being measures. We find a consistent negative relationship; across 972 justifiable regression models, the median standardized regression coefficient was -0.39 (min: -0.54, max: -0.19). Data show that the majority of dysregulated gaming operationalizations converge upon highly similar estimates of well-being. However, variance is introduced by the choice of well-being measure; results indicate that dysregulated gaming is more strongly associated with depressive mood than with life satisfaction. Weekly game time accounted for little to no unique variance in well-being in the sample. We argue that research on this topic should compare a broad range of psychosocial well-being outcomes and explore possible simplifications of the DSM-5 gaming disorder criteria. Given somewhat minute differences between dysregulated gaming scales when used in survey-based studies and largely equivalent relationships with mental health indicators, harmonization of measurement should be a priority.
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25
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Zhong B, Chen J. Health information helps mitigate adolescent depression: A multivariate analysis of the links between health information use and depression management. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:201-207. [PMID: 33238070 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has brought a range of detrimental effects on adolescents. Despite the identified adverse outcomes, it is unclear what mechanisms contribute to the onset of adolescent depression. The limitation calls for innovative ways of managing the mental disorder, including embedding the methods and concepts from the humanities and social sciences into caring depressed teens. This study analyses how adolescents' health information use helps mitigate depressive symptoms. METHODS Guided by the information processing theories, this study proposes the health information processing model and uses it to analyse the impact of health information use on self-management of depressive symptoms among Chinese urban adolescents aged 10-18. A total of 310 urban teens were recruited from elementary, middle and high schools in Changchun in North China. The data collection was part of a project conducted jointly by China's National Health Commission and the United Nations Children's Fund. RESULTS Chinese teens' health knowledge and health literacy helped alleviate depressive symptoms. More health knowledge and self-efficacy predicted positive health behaviour changes, leading to better depression management. Older teens were more depressive and had more health knowledge than younger ones. Depressive symptoms were also associated with gender, school performance, family income and parents' education. Both parents' education levels significantly affected their children's depression, but in different ways. The more urban adolescents trusted health information from parents or teachers, the less they felt depressive, while the health information from peers did not have the same effect. CONCLUSION The study indicates that health information use may represent a unique form of intervention that could help mitigate the mental health issues Chinese youth experience. The findings add new insights to the knowledge of adolescents' depression management and health decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu Zhong
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Journalism and Communication, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
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Syed S, Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Hamilton HA, Kingsbury M, Colman I. Low school belongingness and non-prescription opioid use among students in Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2021; 112:449-455. [PMID: 33428115 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES School belonging impacts a range of factors, including academic performance, school attendance, relationships with peers and teachers, mental and physical health, and drug and alcohol use. Previous studies have shown that a lack of belonging to one's school is associated with substance use. The objective of the study was to examine the association between low school belongingness and the use of opioids in students in grades 9 through 12 in Ontario, Canada. METHODS Data were gathered from 6418 participants in grades 9-12 who responded to the 2015 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS). Logistic regression analyses were used to model associations between low school belongingness and opioid use, adjusted for gender, grade, ethnicity, socio-economic status, and living situation. RESULTS Overall, low school belongingness was associated with non-prescribed opioid use (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.17). Feeling unsafe at school (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.23-1.66) was associated with elevated odds of using non-medically prescribed opioids. Girls who felt that they were not a part of their school community were at elevated odds of using opioids (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.16-1.56); this association was not observed among boys. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that low school belongingness may be associated with the use of non-prescribed opioids in students. These findings suggest that school-based interventions aimed at improving social cohesion and feelings of belongingness and safety may be beneficial in reducing the use of non-prescription opioids among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaezeen Syed
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Room 308C, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Room 308C, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Hayley A Hamilton
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mila Kingsbury
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Room 308C, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Room 308C, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada. .,Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Gregory D, Turnbull D, Bednarz J, Gregory T. The role of social support in differentiating trajectories of adolescent depressed mood. J Adolesc 2020; 85:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gender Role, But Not Sex, Shapes Humans' Susceptibility to Emotion. Neurosci Bull 2020; 37:201-216. [PMID: 33074394 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether the famous sex-related difference in emotion processing is accounted for by biological sex, gender role, or their interaction. To clarify the issue, in Study 1 we recorded event-related potentials in response to negative and positive images of diverse intensities when 47 masculine (26 males) and 47 feminine (22 males) subjects performed a non-emotional task. The occipital P1 and N1 amplitudes were larger in women than in men, while feminine subjects showed larger N1 amplitudes than masculine subjects, regardless of sex. Moreover, feminine subjects showed enhanced frontocentral N2 (210-270 ms) amplitudes for highly and mildly negative than for neutral stimuli, while masculine subjects showed an emotion effect only for highly negative stimuli. The feminine-specific effect for mildly negative stimuli was positively correlated to the feminine score, and this correlation was located to the anterior cingulate and the superior and medial frontal gyri. Furthermore, feminine but not masculine subjects showed enhanced parietal P3 (330-560 ms) amplitudes for highly and mildly positive than for neutral stimuli, an effect positively related to the feminine score and localized to the precuneus, posterior cingulate, and superior temporal gyrus. Machine learning analyses verified that single-trial N2 and P3 amplitudes of feminine subjects reliably discriminated the intensity of negative and positive stimuli, respectively. For ecological considerations, in Study 2 we used an observational approach (n = 300) and confirmed that feminine gender role, rather than biological sex, predicted individual differences in daily experience of emotion-related psychopathological symptoms. These findings provide solid evidence for the critical impact of gender role rather than sex on emotional susceptibility.
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McMahon G, Creaven AM, Gallagher S. Stressful life events and adolescent well-being: The role of parent and peer relationships. Stress Health 2020; 36:299-310. [PMID: 31920010 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that stressful life events (e.g., family bereavements or moving to a new country) are damaging to psychological health and well-being. Indeed, social relationships are often noted as an important factor that can influence well-being and buffer the negative effects of stress. However, the quality and source of these relationships, particularly for adolescents, are often overlooked. Using the Growing Up in Ireland Survey, a population-based study of 13-year-old Irish adolescents (N = 7,525; 51.1% female), the current study examines the quality of both parent and peer relationships as potential mechanisms explaining the association between stressful life events and psychological well-being indices in adolescents. As expected, results showed that stressful life events negatively impacted the psychological well-being of adolescents. Parallel mediation analyses indicated that both parent and peer relationship quality mediated this association. Further exploratory analyses found that for girls, greater numbers of stressful life events were associated with poorer quality relationships with both their parents and peers, and in turn, these were linked to lower levels of psychological well-being. For boys, this effect was only evident for parental relationship quality, but not peers. The implication of these findings for adolescent's psychological well-being, particularly for girls, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace McMahon
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ann-Marie Creaven
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Kanwar P. Pubertal development and problem behaviours in Indian adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2020.1739089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Kanwar
- Department of psychology, Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar, India
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Sexual orientation, peer relationships, and depressive symptoms: Findings from a sociometric design. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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32
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Developmental Tasks and Immigrant Adolescent’s Adaptation. ADVANCES IN IMMIGRANT FAMILY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42303-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Victimization Experiences and Mental Health Outcomes Among Grades 7 to 12 Students in Manitoba, Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:1-12. [PMID: 33629032 PMCID: PMC7878241 DOI: 10.1007/s42380-019-00056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Victimization experiences, including traditional forms of bullying, discriminatory harassment, and cyber victimization, are associated with numerous detrimental consequences in adolescence and over the life course. The objective of the current study was to understand the relationships between nine experiences of victimization and mental health outcomes among students in grades 7 to 12 in Manitoba, Canada. Data were drawn from the 2012-2013 Manitoba Youth Health Survey (N = 64,174; response rate = 67%). Mental health outcomes included mental health functioning and emotional well-being, and feelings of sadness and hopelessness. The prevalence of moderate/languishing mental health functioning and emotional well-being ranged from 35.2% (boys in grades 7 to 9) to 51.0% (girls in grades 10 to 12). The prevalence of feeling sad and hopeless ranged from 31.4% (boys in grades 7 to 9) to 57.7% (girls in grades 10 to 12). All nine victimization types were associated with increased odds of having moderate/languishing mental health functioning and emotional well-being and feeling sad and hopeless for both boys and girls in grades 7 to 9 and 10 to 12, although some gender and grade differences were noted. A dose-response trend was found with increased odds of moderate/languishing mental health functioning and emotional well-being corresponding with increased frequency of being victimized. A similar trend was noted for girls only for feeling sad and hopeless. Effective prevention and intervention strategies targeting boys and girls and across grades 7 to 12 are needed to improve mental health functioning and emotional well-being, and reduce feelings of sadness and hopelessness among adolescents with victimization experiences.
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Lapierre MA, Zhao P, Custer BE. Short-Term Longitudinal Relationships Between Smartphone Use/Dependency and Psychological Well-Being Among Late Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:607-612. [PMID: 31477510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine the short-term longitudinal pathways between smartphone use, smartphone dependency, depressive symptoms, and loneliness among late adolescents. METHODS A two-wave longitudinal survey was used using adolescents between the ages of 17 and 20 years. The interval between wave 1 and wave 2 was between 2.5 and 3 months. Using convenience sampling, the total number of participants who completed both waves of data collection was 346. Validated measures assessed smartphone dependency, smartphone use, depressive symptoms, and loneliness. The longitudinal model was tested using path modeling techniques. RESULTS Among the 346 participants (33.6% male, mean [standard deviation] age at wave 1, 19.11 [.75] years, 56.9% response rate), longitudinal path models revealed that wave 1 smartphone dependency predicted loneliness (β = .08, standard error [SE] = .05, p = .043) and depressive symptoms (β = .11, SE = .05, p = .010) at wave 2, loneliness at wave 1 predicted depressive symptoms at wave 2 (β = .21, SE = .05, p < .001), and smartphone use at wave 1 predicted smartphone dependency at wave 2 (β = .08, SE = .05, p = .011). CONCLUSIONS Considering the rates of smartphone ownership/use among late adolescents (95%), the association between smartphone use and smartphone dependency, and the deleterious effects of loneliness and depression within this population, health practitioners should communicate with patients and parents about the links between smartphone engagement and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Communication, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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35
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Essau CA, de la Torre-Luque A. Comorbidity profile of mental disorders among adolescents: A latent class analysis. Psychiatry Res 2019; 278:228-234. [PMID: 31226549 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the number of comorbidity profiles among adolescents. Sociodemographic factors associated with the comorbidity profiles were also examined. Latent class analysis was conducted using data from the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), a representative sample of adolescents (N = 10,123) in the United States. Latent classes were derived from 26 lifetime mental disorders which were assessed using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Instrument (CIDI). A three-class solution provided the best fit for the data, with classes labelled as comorbid emotional disorders (Class I), comorbid behavioural disorders (Class II), and normative (Class III). Class I (15.62% of the participants) included adolescents with a high probability of having anxiety, depressive, and intermittent explosive disorder. Class II (6.97%) was characterised by adolescents with a high probability of having substance use, behavioural disorders, and major depression. Class III (77.41%) was characterised by adolescents with a low probability of having any mental disorders. Characterising comorbid profile of mental disorders using person-based approach yields a higher-order classification that could have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Essau
- Department of Psychology, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK.
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36
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Gonçalves SF, Chaplin TM, Turpyn CC, Niehaus CE, Curby TW, Sinha R, Ansell EB. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Predict Depressive Symptom Trajectory from Early to Middle Adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2019; 50:618-630. [PMID: 30689145 PMCID: PMC6589375 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder begins to increase in early adolescence and is associated with significant impairment (e.g., suicidality). Difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) have been associated with depressive symptoms; however, little research has examined this relation over time beginning in early adolescence. Starting when they were 11-14 years old, 246 adolescents (nboys = 126; nwhite = 158) completed self-report questionnaires on their ER at Time 1 and depressive symptoms every year for 2 years. Results revealed that overall difficulties in ER (and limited access to ER strategies) at Time 1 predicted depressive symptoms both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Gender moderated this relation cross-sectionally, such that higher overall ER difficulties at Time 1 was more strongly associated with higher depressive symptoms for girls than for boys. These findings suggest that depression prevention efforts should promote adaptive ER in early adolescence, particularly for girls, in order to prevent the increases in depressive symptoms seen into middle adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie F. Gonçalves
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Tara M. Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Caitlin C. Turpyn
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Claire E. Niehaus
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Timothy W. Curby
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06519, United States
| | - Emily B. Ansell
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, 13244, United States
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37
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Borgogna NC, McDermott RC. Perceived discrimination is disproportionally associated with sexual minority mental health: Implications for non-monosexual sexual minorities. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2019.1644571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryon C. McDermott
- Counseling and Instructional Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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38
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Milot Travers AS, Mahalik JR. Positive youth development as a protective factor for adolescents at risk for depression and alcohol use. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2019.1634569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stumper A, Olino TM, Abramson LY, Alloy LB. A Factor Analysis and Test of Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) Across Adolescence. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2019; 41:692-698. [PMID: 33132495 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-019-09746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression increases dramatically during adolescence. This finding has been demonstrated using multiple measures, including the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The CDI is one of the most commonly used measures to assess depression in youth. However, there is little agreement on its factor structure, and it is possible that its factor structure changes over time. Yet, no study to date has investigated whether this structure is longitudinally invariant from early- to mid-adolescence. The present study examined the factor structure of the CDI in a sample of 227 adolescents aged approximately 13 at baseline and 16 at follow-up. The analyses revealed that a one-factor structure was a good fit to the data at each assessment. Moreover, tests of measurement invariance supported configural, metric, and scalar invariance across time. These findings suggest that changes in depressive symptoms during adolescence are due to true developmental changes, rather than changes in measurement properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lyn Y Abramson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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40
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Evaluating the real-world effectiveness of a cognitive behavior therapy-based transdiagnostic program for emotional problems in children in a regular school setting. J Affect Disord 2019; 253:357-365. [PMID: 31078836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined the real-world effectiveness of a transdiagnostic prevention program, Super Skills for Life (SSL), among children with emotional problems in regular school settings. SSL is based on the principles of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), behavioral activation, and social skills training. METHODS Participants were 205 children, aged 8-12 years, who were referred by their teachers as having significant emotional problems. All the children completed measures of emotional and behavioral problems and self-esteem, both before and after participating in SSL, and at six months after the intervention. The children's parents and class teachers also completed a questionnaire that measures children's general difficulties and positive attributes. Children also gave a 2-minute speech task in front of the video in sessions 1 and 8. RESULTS There was agreement among self, parent, and teacher report, showing significant decreases of emotional symptoms from pretest to posttest and pretest to follow-up. Main effect of gender was significant for anxiety symptoms, emotional symptoms peer problems, and prosocial behavior. Video analysis of the 2-minute speech task showed significant improvement in length of eye gaze, vocal quality, length of speech, manifestation of comfort, and conversational flow. However, hypothesized increases in self-esteem did not act as a mediator of change in pre- to post-anxiety symptoms or social phobia subscale scores. LIMITATIONS The present study used an open clinical trial design. CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial support for the effectiveness of the manual-guided CBT for emotional problems in regular school settings when delivered by school services staff.
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Zhao J, Li Q, Wang L, Lin L, Zhang W. Latent Profile Analysis of Left-behind Adolescents' Psychosocial Adaptation in Rural China. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:1146-1160. [PMID: 30835034 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-00989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Parental absence, a consequence of parents' rural-to-urban migration, exerts negative influences on their left-behind adolescents in rural China. Existing studies are limited by their focus on the isolated developmental outcomes of left-behind adolescents and by a dearth of work focused on naturally occurring patterns of their developmental outcomes. The present study used a person-centered approach to identify adolescents' adaptation profiles based on internalizing indicators (i.e., depressive symptoms, loneliness, subjective happiness, life satisfaction), externalizing indicators (i.e., rule-breaking behavior, aggressive behavior, prosocial behavior) and academic achievement and to relate these profiles to left-behind status, characteristics of parent-adolescent separation and gender. The study included 2102 adolescents (Mage = 13.48 ± 1.10 years, 46.8% girls) in junior high schools in rural China. A latent profile analysis identified 3 profiles: an adequate adaptation profile, an internalizing problem profile and an externalizing problem profile. These profiles were linked to left-behind status, to characteristics of parent-adolescent separation (i.e., separation duration, interval of long-distance communication and face-to-face communication) and to gender. These findings provide significant implications for future research and the development of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qianyu Li
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Lingyu Lin
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Dorn LD, Hostinar CE, Susman EJ, Pervanidou P. Conceptualizing Puberty as a Window of Opportunity for Impacting Health and Well-Being Across the Life Span. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:155-176. [PMID: 30869846 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We promote the perspective that puberty, a separate biological process embedded in adolescence, is a "window of opportunity" for understanding and impacting health and development. First, we include a brief overview of pubertal change. Second, we propose a critical role for puberty in shaping life span health due to its connections with early life precursors, health issues and risks emerging during puberty, and health in young adulthood and beyond. Next, we discuss the importance of puberty measures in developmental research and suggest ways to make the science of puberty an important standalone research entity, as well as an essential component of studies conducted during adolescence. Finally, we discuss measurement issues, novel theoretical models of puberty, and the necessity of adopting an interdisciplinary perspective in research on puberty and in adolescence more broadly.
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Schmits E, Quertemont E, Boulard A. Cannabis Use and Depressive Mood in Adolescence: The Mediating/Moderating Role of Anxiety, Cannabis Effect Expectancies, and Peer Users. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2018.1531097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Schmits
- Université de Liège, Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Liège, Belgium
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LeGates TA, Kvarta MD, Thompson SM. Sex differences in antidepressant efficacy. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:140-154. [PMID: 30082889 PMCID: PMC6235879 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences have been observed across many psychiatric diseases, especially mood disorders. For major depression, the most prevalent psychiatric disorder, females show a roughly two-fold greater risk as compared to males. Depression is sexually dimorphic with males and females exhibiting differences in clinical presentation, course, and response to antidepressant treatment. In this review, we first discuss sex differences observed in depressed patients, as well as animal models that reveal potential underlying mechanisms. We then discuss antidepressant treatments including their proposed mechanism of action and sex differences observed in treatment response. We include possible mechanisms underlying these sex differences with particular focus on synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A. LeGates
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Mark D. Kvarta
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Scott M. Thompson
- 0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA ,0000 0001 2175 4264grid.411024.2Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Bluth K, Mullarkey M, Lathren C. Self-Compassion: A Potential Path to Adolescent Resilience and Positive Exploration. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2018; 27:3037-3047. [PMID: 34079199 PMCID: PMC8168452 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The adolescent developmental stage is characterized by multiple transitions, both physiological and environmental, and physical, cognitive and socioemotional growth that often leads to both challenges and opportunities. Developing coping strategies to contend with these challenges, such as strengthening resilience and being open to new experiences, can potentially facilitate traversing this developmental period with greater ease. Although previous research has supported the premise that self-compassion buffers the negative effects of these emotional challenges, little research to date has examined the link between strengths-based attributes such as resilience and curiosity/exploration (i.e., being open to and embracing new experiences) and self-compassion, and whether age or gender moderates these relationships. As such, the purpose of this study was to explore these relationships among a large adolescent sample. Results of 786 public school adolescents and 271 private school adolescents (68% white, 65% female, Mage=15.6) who responded to questions in an online survey indicated that self-compassion was positively associated with both curiosity/exploration and resilience, and gender moderated the relationship between self-compassion and resilience such that this association was stronger among males than females. Age did not moderate the relationship between self-compassion and either resilience or curiosity/exploration, indicating that self-compassion is associated with both resilience and curiosity/exploration at all ages across adolescence. Implications are that interventions that cultivate self-compassion among adolescents may strengthen resilience and curiosity/exploration, offering new and healthy ways to cope with these challenges leading to improved emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bluth
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, CB 7200, UNC School of Medicine
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Kiang L, Folmar S, Gentry K. “Untouchable”? Social Status, Identity, and Mental Health Among Adolescents in Nepal. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558418791501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Caste is a primary basis for oppression in many parts of South Asia with individuals from low caste backgrounds commonly experiencing the degradation of untouchability and daily discrimination at both individual and systemic levels. The current study uses a mixed-methods, interdisciplinary approach to examine links between social status, identity, and mental health among 295 adolescents (51% females) from different social groups in Nepal. Quantitative surveys reveal that youth from low caste Dalit groups report more anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem compared with their counterparts from high caste (e.g., Brahmin) and ethnic indigenous (e.g., Gurung) groups. Caste identity is positively related to outcomes but does not significantly counteract the negative effects of social status. Ethnographic and interview data are used to inform, contextualize, and interpret these quantitative findings. Conceptual parallels to current race relations experienced in the United States are considered and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kiang
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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47
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Datu JAD, King RB. Subjective well-being is reciprocally associated with academic engagement: A two-wave longitudinal study. J Sch Psychol 2018; 69:100-110. [PMID: 30558746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that subjective well-being promotes a wide range of adaptive psychological outcomes. However, the role of subjective well-being in the school context, as a potential facilitator of key academic outcomes, remains underexplored. The primary objective of this study was to examine the extent to which the different dimensions of subjective well-being-life satisfaction, positive affect, and (low levels of) negative affect-were associated with academic engagement through a two-wave longitudinal study. Three hundred and eighty-nine Filipino high school students participated in this research project. Cross-lagged analysis revealed that Time 1 life satisfaction positively predicted Time 2 academic engagement, and that Time 1 negative affect negatively predicted Time 2 academic engagement, even after controlling for autoregressor effects. We also found evidence of reciprocal effects with prior academic engagement predicting subsequent well-being. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Alfonso D Datu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China; Integrated Centre for Well-Being (I-WELL), The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China.
| | - Ronnel B King
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
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48
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A Multi-Level Analysis on School Connectedness, Family Support, and Adolescent Depression: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, 1995–1996. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci7050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Abstract
Depression in children and adolescents is a growing health problem in the 21st century. There is growing evidence that depression poses a significant risk in the developmental trajectory of children and adolescents. It is important to identify the antecedents of depression in this vulnerable group of individuals so as to develop specific and effective preventable techniques and strategies. In this brief review, we have tried to highlight the specific antecedents of childhood and adolescence depression on which evidence is available in a structured manner. Antecedents identified in childhood and adolescent depression were categorized into biological factors, temperament, cognitive vulnerability, family factors, sociodemographic factors, academic factors, changing social milieu, school factors, and peer group influence along with the emergence of the recentproblem of excessive social networking use. Biological and psychosocial factors are equally important in the development of depression in this age group. Antecedents of childhood and adolescence depression can be targeted both to prevent and intervene depression in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Malhotra
- Departments of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Swapnajeet Sahoo
- Departments of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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50
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Cracco E, Goossens L, Braet C. Emotion regulation across childhood and adolescence: evidence for a maladaptive shift in adolescence. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:909-921. [PMID: 28190138 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional emotion regulation is an important predictor of psychopathology. Although many clinical programs focus on emotion regulation skills, the successful application of these programs in children and adolescents requires knowledge on the normative use of emotion regulation strategies over age. To this end, the current cross-sectional study examined changes in emotion regulation throughout childhood and adolescence. The use of seven adaptive and five maladaptive emotion regulation strategies was measured with the FEEL-KJ in a representative sample (N = 1397) of Dutch children and adolescents between 8 and 18 years old. Overall, the results indicated reduced use of adaptive strategies and increased use of maladaptive strategies in participants between 12 and 15 years old compared with younger or older participants. The findings of the current study indicate that adolescence is characterized by a maladaptive shift in emotion regulation. Given that the continued use of dysfunctional emotion regulation plays an important role in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, these results highlight the importance of prevention and treatment programs focused on emotion regulation to shield vulnerable adolescents against mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel Cracco
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lien Goossens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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