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Li S, Xu R, Yao Y, Rousseau D. ATAD3 is a limiting factor in mitochondrial biogenesis and adipogenesis of white adipocyte-like 3T3-L1 cells. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38923254 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
ATAD3 is a vital ATPase of the inner mitochondrial membrane of pluri-cellular eukaryotes, with largely unknown functions but early required for organism development as necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis. ATAD3 knock-down in C. elegans inhibits at first the development of adipocyte-like intestinal tissue so we used mouse adipocyte model 3T3-L1 cells to analyze ATAD3 functions during adipogenesis and lipogenesis in a mammalian model. ATAD3 function was studied by stable and transient modulation of ATAD3 expression in adipogenesis- induced 3T3-L1 cells using Knock-Down and overexpression strategies, exploring different steps of adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. We show that (i) an increase in ATAD3 is preceding differentiation-induced mitochondrial biogenesis; (ii) downregulation of ATAD3 inhibits adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and impedes overexpression of many mitochondrial proteins; (iii) ATAD3 re-expression rescues the phenotype of ATAD3 KD, and (iv) differentiation and lipogenesis are accelerated by ATAD3 overexpression, but inhibited by expression of a dominant-negative mutant. We further show that the ATAD3 KD phenotype is not due to altered insulin signal but involves a limitation of mitochondrial biogenesis linked to Drp1. These results demonstrate that ATAD3 is limiting for in vitro mitochondrial biogenesis and adipogenesis/lipogenesis and therefore that ATAD3 mutation/over- or under-expression could be involved in adipogenic and lipogenic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuijie Li
- Department of Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Rui Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Denis Rousseau
- Department of Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique-Interfaces entre Matériaux et Matière Biologique -Institut National Polytechnique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité Mixte de Recherche, Grenoble, France
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2
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Das S, Mukhuty A, Mullen GP, Rudolph MC. Adipocyte Mitochondria: Deciphering Energetic Functions across Fat Depots in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6681. [PMID: 38928386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, a central player in energy balance, exhibits significant metabolic flexibility that is often compromised in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mitochondrial dysfunction within adipocytes leads to inefficient lipid handling and increased oxidative stress, which together promote systemic metabolic disruptions central to obesity and its complications. This review explores the pivotal role that mitochondria play in altering the metabolic functions of the primary adipocyte types, white, brown, and beige, within the context of obesity and T2D. Specifically, in white adipocytes, these dysfunctions contribute to impaired lipid processing and an increased burden of oxidative stress, worsening metabolic disturbances. Conversely, compromised mitochondrial function undermines their thermogenic capabilities, reducing the capacity for optimal energy expenditure in brown adipocytes. Beige adipocytes uniquely combine the functional properties of white and brown adipocytes, maintaining morphological similarities to white adipocytes while possessing the capability to transform into mitochondria-rich, energy-burning cells under appropriate stimuli. Each type of adipocyte displays unique metabolic characteristics, governed by the mitochondrial dynamics specific to each cell type. These distinct mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes are regulated by specialized networks comprising transcription factors, co-activators, and enzymes, which together ensure the precise control of cellular energy processes. Strong evidence has shown impaired adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism and faulty upstream regulators in a causal relationship with obesity-induced T2D. Targeted interventions aimed at improving mitochondrial function in adipocytes offer a promising therapeutic avenue for enhancing systemic macronutrient oxidation, thereby potentially mitigating obesity. Advances in understanding mitochondrial function within adipocytes underscore a pivotal shift in approach to combating obesity and associated comorbidities. Reigniting the burning of calories in adipose tissues, and other important metabolic organs such as the muscle and liver, is crucial given the extensive role of adipose tissue in energy storage and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasis Das
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Alpana Mukhuty
- Department of Zoology, Rampurhat College, Rampurhat 731224, India
| | - Gregory P Mullen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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3
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Xu Q, Zhou Y, Lou J, Fu Y, Lu Y, Xu M. Construction and evaluation of a metabolic correlation diagnostic model for diabetes based on machine learning algorithms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38682583 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease marked by significant metabolic dysfunctions. Understanding its molecular mechanisms is vital for early diagnosis and treatment strategies. METHODS We used datasets GSE7014, GSE25724, and GSE156248 from the GEO database to build a diagnostic model for DM using Random Forest (RF) and LASSO regression models. GSE20966 served as a validation cohort. DM patients were classified into two subtypes for functional enrichment analysis. Expression levels of key diagnostic genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from DM patients and healthy controls, focusing on CXCL12 and PPP1R12B with GAPDH as the internal control. RESULTS After de-batching the datasets, we identified 131 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DM and control groups, with 70 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated. Enrichment analysis revealed significant down-regulation in the IL-12 signaling pathway, JAK signaling post-IL-12 stimulation, and the ferroptosis pathway in DM. Five genes (CXCL12, MXRA5, UCHL1, PPP1R12B, and C7) were identified as having diagnostic value. The diagnostic model showed high accuracy in both the training and validation cohorts. The gene set also enabled the subclassification of DM patients into groups with distinct functional traits. qRT-PCR results confirmed the bioinformatics findings, particularly the up-regulation of CXCL12 and PPP1R12B in DM patients. CONCLUSION Our study pinpointed seven energy metabolism-related genes differentially expressed in DM and controls, with five holding diagnostic value. Our model accurately diagnosed DM and facilitated patient subclassification, offering new insights into DM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yina Zhou
- Chinese Internal Medicine, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfen Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Fu
- Xiaoshan District Chengxiang street community health Service center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhu Lu
- Xiaoshan District Beigan street community health Service center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengli Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Ghasemi A. Adipose organ dysfunction and type 2 diabetes: Role of nitric oxide. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116043. [PMID: 38325496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Adipose organ, historically known as specialized lipid-handling tissue serving as the long-term fat depot, is now appreciated as the largest endocrine organ composed of two main compartments, i.e., subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (AT), madding up white and beige/brown adipocytes. Adipose organ dysfunction manifested as maldistribution of the compartments, hypertrophic, hypoxic, inflamed, and insulin-resistant AT, contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we highlight the role of nitric oxide (NO·) in AT (dys)function in relation to developing T2D. The key aspects determining lipid and glucose homeostasis in AT depend on the physiological levels of the NO· produced via endothelial NO· synthases (eNOS). In addition to decreased NO· bioavailability (via decreased expression/activity of eNOS or scavenging NO·), excessive NO· produced by inducible NOS (iNOS) in response to hypoxia and AT inflammation may be a critical interfering factor diverting NO· signaling to the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, resulting in AT and whole-body metabolic dysfunction. Pharmacological approaches boosting AT-NO· availability at physiological levels (by increasing NO· production and its stability), as well as suppression of iNOS-NO· synthesis, are potential candidates for developing NO·-based therapeutics in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Qian L, Zhu Y, Deng C, Liang Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian Y, Yang Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family in physiological and pathophysiological process and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:50. [PMID: 38424050 PMCID: PMC10904817 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family (PGC-1s), consisting of three members encompassing PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC), was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. PGC-1s are essential coordinators of many vital cellular events, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has shown that PGC-1s are implicated in many diseases, such as cancers, cardiac diseases and cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, kidney diseases, motor system diseases, and metabolic disorders. Examining the upstream modulators and co-activated partners of PGC-1s and identifying critical biological events modulated by downstream effectors of PGC-1s contribute to the presentation of the elaborate network of PGC-1s. Furthermore, discussing the correlation between PGC-1s and diseases as well as summarizing the therapy targeting PGC-1s helps make individualized and precise intervention methods. In this review, we summarize basic knowledge regarding the PGC-1s family as well as the molecular regulatory network, discuss the physio-pathological roles of PGC-1s in human diseases, review the application of PGC-1s, including the diagnostic and prognostic value of PGC-1s and several therapies in pre-clinical studies, and suggest several directions for future investigations. This review presents the immense potential of targeting PGC-1s in the treatment of diseases and hopefully facilitates the promotion of PGC-1s as new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research for Heart Failure, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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6
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Xia W, Veeragandham P, Cao Y, Xu Y, Rhyne TE, Qian J, Hung CW, Zhao P, Jones Y, Gao H, Liddle C, Yu RT, Downes M, Evans RM, Rydén M, Wabitsch M, Wang Z, Hakozaki H, Schöneberg J, Reilly SM, Huang J, Saltiel AR. Obesity causes mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in white adipocytes due to RalA activation. Nat Metab 2024; 6:273-289. [PMID: 38286821 PMCID: PMC10896723 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a characteristic trait of human and rodent obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver disease. Here we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding causes mitochondrial fragmentation in inguinal white adipocytes from male mice, leading to reduced oxidative capacity by a process dependent on the small GTPase RalA. RalA expression and activity are increased in white adipocytes after HFD. Targeted deletion of RalA in white adipocytes prevents fragmentation of mitochondria and diminishes HFD-induced weight gain by increasing fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, RalA increases fission in adipocytes by reversing the inhibitory Ser637 phosphorylation of the fission protein Drp1, leading to more mitochondrial fragmentation. Adipose tissue expression of the human homolog of Drp1, DNM1L, is positively correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. Thus, chronic activation of RalA plays a key role in repressing energy expenditure in obese adipose tissue by shifting the balance of mitochondrial dynamics toward excessive fission, contributing to weight gain and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Xia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Preethi Veeragandham
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yu Cao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yayun Xu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Torrey E Rhyne
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiaxin Qian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chao-Wei Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ying Jones
- Electron Microscopy Core, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute (C2-94), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Hakozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Schöneberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shannon M Reilly
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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7
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Jalali M, Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F, Hosseinpanah F. Severity of adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes: the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:121. [PMID: 38191327 PMCID: PMC10775602 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of prediabetes (Pre-DM) regression and progression with visceral adiposity index (VAI) and adipose tissue dysfunction (ATD) remains to be investigated. METHODS The present cohort study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) on 1458 Pre-DM cases (aged ≥ 21 years) who were followed for nine years. VAI was estimated based on waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. ATD status (i.e., absent, mild-moderate, and severe) was defined based on the age-stratified cutoff values of VAI. Multinomial logistic regression models with adjustment of potential confounders were used to estimate the chance of Pre-DM regression to normoglycemia or progression to T2D across ATD status. RESULTS During the study follow-up, 39.0% of the participants developed T2D, and 37.7% returned to normoglycemia. Compared to mild-moderate ATD, Pre-DM subjects with severe ATD had a higher risk of developing T2D by 45% (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 11.08-1.93). Severe ATD was also associated with a decreased chance of returning to normoglycemia by 26% (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.55-0.99). Participants with severe ATD had significantly higher fasting (overall mean = 111, 95% CI = 109-112 vs. 106, 95% CI = 105-108 mg/dL) and 2h-serum glucose (overall mean = 165, 95% CI = 161-168 vs. 153, 95% CI = 149-156 mg/dL) concentrations over time. CONCLUSION Severe ATD was associated with an elevated risk of developing T2D and longitudinal poor-glycemic controls in Pre-DM subjects. ATD may be a simple and useful index for detecting subjects at a higher risk of Pre-DM progression to T2D, allowing for timely intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jalali
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, A'rabi St, Yeman Av, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, A'rabi St, Yeman Av, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, A'rabi St, Yeman Av, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Sabaratnam R, Hansen DR, Svenningsen P. White adipose tissue mitochondrial bioenergetics in metabolic diseases. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:1121-1133. [PMID: 37558853 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is an important endocrine organ that regulates systemic energy metabolism. In metabolically unhealthy obesity, adipocytes become dysfunctional through hypertrophic mechanisms associated with a reduced endocrine function, reduced mitochondrial function, but increased inflammation, fibrosis, and extracellular remodelling. A pathologic WAT remodelling promotes systemic lipotoxicity characterized by fat accumulation in tissues such as muscle and liver, leading to systemic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Several lines of evidence from human and animal studies suggest a link between unhealthy obesity and adipocyte mitochondrial dysfunction, and interventions that improve mitochondrial function may reduce the risk of obesity-associated diseases. This review discusses the importance of mitochondrial function and metabolism in human adipocyte biology and intercellular communication mechanisms within WAT. Moreover, a selected interventional approach for better adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism in humans is reviewed. A greater understanding of mitochondrial bioenergetics in WAT might provide novel therapeutic opportunities to prevent or restore dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 21,3, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark.
| | - Didde Riisager Hansen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 21,3, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 21,3, Odense C, DK-5000, Denmark.
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9
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Liu J, Lu W, Yan D, Guo J, Zhou L, Shi B, Su X. Mitochondrial respiratory complex I deficiency inhibits brown adipogenesis by limiting heme regulation of histone demethylation. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:22-32. [PMID: 37451354 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial functions play a crucial role in determining the metabolic and thermogenic status of brown adipocytes. Increasing evidence reveals that the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system plays an important role in brown adipogenesis, but the mechanistic insights are limited. Herein, we explored the potential metabolic mechanisms leading to OXPHOS regulation of brown adipogenesis in pharmacological and genetic models of mitochondrial respiratory complex I deficiency. OXPHOS deficiency inhibits brown adipogenesis through disruption of the brown adipogenic transcription circuit without affecting ATP levels. Neither blockage of calcium signaling nor antioxidant treatment can rescue the suppressed brown adipogenesis. Metabolomics analysis revealed a decrease in levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and heme. Heme supplementation specifically enhances respiratory complex I activity without affecting complex II and partially reverses the inhibited brown adipogenesis by OXPHOS deficiency. Moreover, the regulation of brown adipogenesis by the OXPHOS-heme axis may be due to the suppressed histone methylation status by increasing histone demethylation. In summary, our findings identified a heme-sensing retrograde signaling pathway that connects mitochondrial OXPHOS to the regulation of brown adipocyte differentiation and metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Dongyue Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Junyuan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Lomas-Soria C, Rodríguez-González GL, Ibáñez CA, Reyes-Castro LA, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Maternal Obesity Programs the Premature Aging of Rat Offspring Liver Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Genes in a Sex-Dependent Manner. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1166. [PMID: 37759566 PMCID: PMC10526092 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether maternal obesity affects the hepatic mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), sirtuins, and antioxidant enzymes in young (110 postnatal days (PND)) and old (650PND) male and female offspring in a sex- and age-related manner. Female Wistar rats ate a control (C) or high-fat (MO) diet from weaning, through pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, the offspring ate the C diet and were euthanized at 110 and 650PND. The livers were collected for RNA-seq and immunohistochemistry. Male offspring livers had more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) down-regulated by both MO and natural aging than females. C-650PND vs. C-110PND and MO-110PND vs. C-110PND comparisons revealed 1477 DEGs in common for males (premature aging by MO) and 35 DEGs for females. Analysis to identify KEGG pathways enriched from genes in common showed changes in 511 and 3 KEGG pathways in the male and female livers, respectively. Mitochondrial function pathways showed ETC-related gene down-regulation. All ETC complexes, sirtuin2, sirtuin3, sod-1, and catalase, exhibited gene down-regulation and decreased protein expression at young and old ages in MO males vs. C males; meanwhile, MO females down-regulated only at 650PND. Conclusions: MO accelerates the age-associated down-regulation of ETC pathway gene expression in male offspring livers, thereby causing sex-dependent oxidative stress, premature aging, and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.L.-S.); (G.L.R.-G.); (C.A.I.); (L.A.R.-C.)
- CONAHCyT-Cátedras, Investigador por México, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.L.-S.); (G.L.R.-G.); (C.A.I.); (L.A.R.-C.)
| | - Carlos A. Ibáñez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.L.-S.); (G.L.R.-G.); (C.A.I.); (L.A.R.-C.)
| | - Luis A. Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.L.-S.); (G.L.R.-G.); (C.A.I.); (L.A.R.-C.)
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Center for Pregnancy and Life Course Health Research, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.L.-S.); (G.L.R.-G.); (C.A.I.); (L.A.R.-C.)
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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11
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Hiraike Y, Saito K, Oguchi M, Wada T, Toda G, Tsutsumi S, Bando K, Sagawa J, Nagano G, Ohno H, Kubota N, Kubota T, Aburatani H, Kadowaki T, Waki H, Yanagimoto S, Yamauchi T. NFIA in adipocytes reciprocally regulates mitochondrial and inflammatory gene program to improve glucose homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308750120. [PMID: 37487068 PMCID: PMC10401007 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308750120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is central to regulation of energy homeostasis. Adaptive thermogenesis, which relies on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos), dissipates energy to counteract obesity. On the other hand, chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is linked to type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here, we show that nuclear factor I-A (NFIA), a transcriptional regulator of brown and beige adipocytes, improves glucose homeostasis by upregulation of Ox-Phos and reciprocal downregulation of inflammation. Mice with transgenic expression of NFIA in adipocytes exhibited improved glucose tolerance and limited weight gain. NFIA up-regulates Ox-Phos and brown-fat-specific genes by enhancer activation that involves facilitated genomic binding of PPARγ. In contrast, NFIA in adipocytes, but not in macrophages, down-regulates proinflammatory cytokine genes to ameliorate adipose tissue inflammation. NFIA binds to regulatory region of the Ccl2 gene, which encodes proinflammatory cytokine MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), to down-regulate its transcription. CCL2 expression was negatively correlated with NFIA expression in human adipose tissue. These results reveal the beneficial effect of NFIA on glucose and body weight homeostasis and also highlight previously unappreciated role of NFIA in suppressing adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Hiraike
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
- The University of Tokyo Excellent Young Researcher Program, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8654, Japan
| | - Kaede Saito
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Misato Oguchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
| | - Takahito Wada
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
| | - Gotaro Toda
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science and Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
| | - Kana Bando
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Junji Sagawa
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima734-8551, Japan
| | - Gaku Nagano
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima734-8551, Japan
| | - Haruya Ohno
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima734-8551, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute of Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo103-0002, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo162-8636, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science and Medicine Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
| | | | - Hironori Waki
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita010-8543, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yanagimoto
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8655, Japan
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12
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Dong Y, Vipin VA, Blesson CS, Yallampalli C. Impact of adrenomedullin on mitochondrial respiratory capacity in human adipocyte. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9578. [PMID: 37311963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function in adipocyte is an important aspect in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Our previous observation showed that circulating levels of adrenomedullin (ADM) and mRNA and protein for ADM in omental adipose tissue were higher in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and these alterations are accompanied by glucose and lipid metabolic dysregulation, but the impact of ADM on mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in human adipocyte remain elusive. The present study demonstrated that: (1) Increasing doses of glucose and ADM inhibit human adipocyte mRNA expressions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded subunits of electron transport chain, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ND) 1 and 2, cytochrome (CYT) b, as well as ATPase 6; (2) ADM significantly increases human adipocyte mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and this increase is reversed by ADM antagonist, ADM22-52, but treatment with ADM does not significantly affect mitochondrial contents in the adipocytes; (3) Adipocyte basal and maximal oxygen consumption rate are dose-dependently suppressed by ADM, thus results in impaired mitochondrial respiratory capacity. We conclude that elevated ADM observed in diabetic pregnancy may be involved in glucose and lipid dysregulation through compromising adipocyte mitochondrial function, and blockade of ADM action may improve GDM-related glucose and adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Dong
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Street, Room #1850.34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vidyadharan Alukkal Vipin
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Street, Room #1850.34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chellakkan Selvanesan Blesson
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Street, Room #1850.34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Yallampalli
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Street, Room #1850.34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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13
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Duan G, Zheng C, Yu J, Zhang P, Wan M, Zheng J, Duan Y. β-Hydroxy-β-methyl Butyrate Regulates the Lipid Metabolism, Mitochondrial Function, and Fat Browning of Adipocytes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112550. [PMID: 37299513 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of in vivo studies demonstrated that β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) can serve as a lipid-lowering nutrient. Despite this interesting observation, the use of adipocytes as a model for research is yet to be explored. To ascertain the effects of HMB on the lipid metabolism of adipocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the 3T3-L1 cell line was employed. Firstly, serial doses of HMB were added to 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to evaluate the effects of HMB on cell proliferation. HMB (50 µM) significantly promoted the proliferation of preadipocytes. Next, we investigated whether HMB could attenuate fat accumulation in adipocytes. The results show that HMB treatment (50 µM) reduced the triglyceride (TG) content. Furthermore, HMB was found to inhibit lipid accumulation by suppressing the expression of lipogenic proteins (C/EBPα and PPARγ) and increasing the expression of lipolysis-related proteins (p-AMPK, p-Sirt1, HSL, and UCP3). We also determined the concentrations of several lipid metabolism-related enzymes and fatty acid composition in adipocytes. The HMB-treated cells showed reduced G6PD, LPL, and ATGL concentrations. Moreover, HMB improved the fatty acid composition in adipocytes, manifested by increases in the contents of n6 and n3 PUFAs. The enhancement of the mitochondrial respiratory function of 3T3-L1 adipocytes was confirmed via Seahorse metabolic assay, which showed that HMB treatment elevated basal mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, H+ leak, maximal respiration, and non-mitochondrial respiration. In addition, HMB enhanced fat browning of adipocytes, and this effect might be associated with the activation of the PRDM16/PGC-1α/UCP1 pathway. Taken together, HMB-induced changes in the lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function may contribute to preventing fat deposition and improving insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengliao Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Guo X, Hu J, He G, Chen J, Yang Y, Qin D, Li C, Huang Z, Hu D, Wei C, Wang F, Yu B. Loss of APOO (MIC26) aggravates obesity-related whitening of brown adipose tissue via PPARα-mediated functional interplay between mitochondria and peroxisomes. Metabolism 2023; 144:155564. [PMID: 37088120 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant structure in adipose tissue occur in obesity and obesity-linked brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening; however, whether this aberrant architecture contributes to or is the result of obesity is unknown. Apolipoprotein O (APOO) is a constitutive protein of the mitochondrial cristae organizing system complex. This study aimed to characterize the physiological consequences of APOO deficiency in vivo. METHODS APOO expression was analyzed in different human and murine adipose depots, and mice lacking APOO in adipocytes (ApooACKO) are developed to examine the metabolic consequences of adipocyte-specific APOO ablation in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Results showed that APOO expression is reduced in BAT from both diet-induced and leptin-deficient obese mice. APOO-knockout mice showed increased adiposity, BAT dysfunction and whitening, reduced non-shivering thermogenesis, and blunted responses to cold stimuli. APOO deficiency disrupted mitochondrial structure in brown adipocytes and impaired oxidative phosphorylation, thereby inducing a shift from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism, increasing lipogenic enzyme levels and BAT whitening. APOO inactivation inhibited thermogenesis in BAT by reducing mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. It also disturbed peroxisomal biogenesis and very long-chain fatty acid oxidation via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, APOO deficiency in adipocytes aggravates BAT whitening and diet-induced obesity; thus, APOO could be a therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiarui Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guangxu He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Donglu Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Medicine, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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15
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Dong Y, Vipin VA, Blesson CS, Yallampalli C. Impact of Adrenomedullin on Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity in Human Adipocyte. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2600140. [PMID: 36945563 PMCID: PMC10029071 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2600140/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
For metabolic homeostasis adequate mitochondrial function in adipocytes is essential. Our previous observation showed that circulating levels of adrenomedullin (ADM) and mRNA and protein for ADM in omental adipose tissue were higher in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with normal pregnancy, and these alterations are accompanied by glucose and lipid metabolic dysregulation, but the impact of ADM on mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration in human adipocyte remain elusive. In this study we demonstrated that: (1) Increasing doses of glucose and ADM inhibit human adipocyte mRNA expressions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded subunits of electron transport chain (ETC), including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ND) 1 and 2, cytochrome (CYT) b, as well as ATPase 6; (2) ADM significantly increases human adipocyte mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and this increase is reversed by ADM antagonist, ADM22-52, but does not significantly affect adipocyte mitochondrial contents; (3) Adipocyte basal and maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) are dose-dependently suppressed by ADM, and results in impaired mitochondrial respiratory capacity. We conclude that elevatedADM observed in diabetic pregnancy may be involved in glucose and lipid dysregulation through compromising adipocyte mitochondrial function, and blockade of ADM actions in adipocytes may improve GDM-related metabolic complications.
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16
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Immuno-metabolic effect of pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 in diet induced obese mice: In vitro and in vivo findings. Life Sci 2023; 316:121415. [PMID: 36690247 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreastatin (PST), an anti-insulin peptide derived from chromogranin A. Its levels increase in cases of obesity, which contributes to adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. This study aims to investigate the immunometabolic effect of PST inhibitor (PSTi8) against PST by using in vitro and in vivo finding. MAIN METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated with or without PSTi8, and Oil Red O staining was performed. J774A.1 cells were used for macrophage polarization study. The diet-induced obesity and T2DM model was developed in C57BL/6 mice through high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Alzet osmotic pumps were filled with PSTi8 (release rate: 2 mg/kg/day) and implanted in mice for eight weeks. Further, insulin and glucose tolerance tests were performed. Liver and eWAT sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. FACS was used to measure mitochondrial ROS and membrane potential, while Oroboros O2k was used to measure oxygen consumption rate. Immunocytochemistry and qRT-PCR were done for protein and gene expression, respectively. KEY FINDINGS PSTi8 inhibited the expression of lipolytic genes and proteins in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PSTi8 improved the inulin sensitivity, lipid profile, MMP, and OCR levels in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte and eWAT. It also increased the M1 to M2 macrophage polarization in J77A.1 cells and eWAT. Further, PSTi8 attenuated inflammatory CD4+ T, CD8+ T cells and increased the anti-inflammatory T-reg and eosinophil populations in the eWAT. It also reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes like Mcp1, Tnfα, and Il-6. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, PSTi8 exerted its beneficial effect on adipose tissue inflammation and restored energy expenditure against diet-induced obesity.
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17
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Madsen S, Nelson ME, Deshpande V, Humphrey SJ, Cooke KC, Howell A, Diaz-Vegas A, Burchfield JG, Stöckli J, James DE. Deep Proteome Profiling of White Adipose Tissue Reveals Marked Conservation and Distinct Features Between Different Anatomical Depots. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100508. [PMID: 36787876 PMCID: PMC10014311 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue is deposited mainly as subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), often associated with metabolic protection, and abdominal/visceral adipose tissue, which contributes to metabolic disease. To investigate the molecular underpinnings of these differences, we conducted comprehensive proteomics profiling of whole tissue and isolated adipocytes from these two depots across two diets from C57Bl/6J mice. The adipocyte proteomes from lean mice were highly conserved between depots, with the major depot-specific differences encoded by just 3% of the proteome. Adipocytes from SAT (SAdi) were enriched in pathways related to mitochondrial complex I and beiging, whereas visceral adipocytes (VAdi) were enriched in structural proteins and positive regulators of mTOR presumably to promote nutrient storage and cellular expansion. This indicates that SAdi are geared toward higher catabolic activity, while VAdi are more suited for lipid storage. By comparing adipocytes from mice fed chow or Western diet (WD), we define a core adaptive proteomics signature consisting of increased extracellular matrix proteins and decreased fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial Coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Relative to SAdi, VAdi displayed greater changes with WD including a pronounced decrease in mitochondrial proteins concomitant with upregulation of apoptotic signaling and decreased mitophagy, indicating pervasive mitochondrial stress. Furthermore, WD caused a reduction in lipid handling and glucose uptake pathways particularly in VAdi, consistent with adipocyte de-differentiation. By overlaying the proteomics changes with diet in whole adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes, we uncovered concordance between adipocytes and tissue only in the visceral adipose tissue, indicating a unique tissue-specific adaptation to sustained WD in SAT. Finally, an in-depth comparison of isolated adipocytes and 3T3-L1 proteomes revealed a high degree of overlap, supporting the utility of the 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. These deep proteomes provide an invaluable resource highlighting differences between white adipose depots that may fine-tune their unique functions and adaptation to an obesogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Madsen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vinita Deshpande
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Howell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Stöckli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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18
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Ke S, Hu Q, Zhu G, Li L, Sun X, Cheng H, Li L, Yao Y, Li H. Remodeling of white adipose tissue microenvironment against obesity by phytochemicals. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36786412 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a kind of chronic disease due to a long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. In recent years, the number of obese people around the world has soared, and obesity problem should not be underestimated. Obesity is characterized by changes in the adipose microenvironment, mainly manifested as hypertrophy, chronic inflammatory status, hypoxia, and fibrosis, thus contributing to the pathological changes of other tissues. A plethora of phytochemicals have been found to improve adipose microenvironment, thus prevent and resist obesity, providing a new research direction for the treatment of obesity and related diseases. This paper discusses remodeling of the adipose tissue microenvironment as a therapeutic avenue and reviews the progress of phytochemicals in fighting obesity by improving the adipose microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Ke
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyao Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechao Sun
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Cheng
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqiao Li
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Starry Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Yao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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19
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Jansen KM, Dahdah N, Gama-Perez P, Schots PC, Larsen TS, Garcia-Roves PM. Impact of GLP-1 receptor agonist versus omega-3 fatty acids supplement on obesity-induced alterations of mitochondrial respiration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1098391. [PMID: 37033212 PMCID: PMC10076843 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1098391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare administration of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, exenatide, versus dietary supplementation with the omega-3 fatty acid-rich Calanus oil on obesity-induced alterations in mitochondrial respiration. METHODS Six-week-old female C57BL/6JOlaHSD mice were given high fat diet (HFD, 45% energy from fat) for 12 weeks to induce obesity. Thereafter, they were divided in three groups where one received exenatide (10 μg/kg/day) via subcutaneously implanted mini-osmotic pumps, a second group received 2% Calanus oil as dietary supplement, while the third group received HFD without any treatment. Animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment and tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue) were collected for measurement of mitochondrial respiratory activity by high-resolution respirometry, using an Oroboros Oxygraph-2k (Oroboros instruments, Innsbruck, Austria). RESULTS It was found that high-fat feeding led to a marked reduction of mitochondrial respiration in adipose tissue during all three states investigated - LEAK, OXPHOS and ETS. This response was to some extent attenuated by exenatide treatment, but not with Calanus oil treatment. High-fat feeding had no major effect on hepatic mitochondrial respiration, but exenatide treatment resulted in a significant increase in the various respiratory states in liver. Mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle was not significantly influenced by high-fat diet or any of the treatments. The precise evaluation of mitochondrial respiration considering absolute oxygen flux and ratios to assess flux control efficiency avoided misinterpretation of the results. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide increased hepatic mitochondrial respiration in high-fat fed mice, but no clear beneficial effect was observed in skeletal muscle or fat tissue. Calanus oil did not negatively affect respiratory activity in these tissues, which maintains its potential as a dietary supplement, due to its previously reported benefits on cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M. Jansen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Norma Dahdah
- Department Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pau Gama-Perez
- Department Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pauke C. Schots
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje S. Larsen
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Terje S. Larsen, ; Pablo M. Garcia-Roves,
| | - Pablo M. Garcia-Roves
- Department Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- *Correspondence: Terje S. Larsen, ; Pablo M. Garcia-Roves,
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20
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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21
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Placental mesenchymal stem cells restore glucose and energy homeostasis in obesogenic adipocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:127-144. [PMID: 36227376 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity (Ob) depicts a state of energy imbalance(s) being characterized by the accumulation of excessive fat and which predisposes to several metabolic diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising option for addressing obesity and its associated metabolic co-morbidities. The present study aims at assessing the beneficial effects of human placental MSCs (P-MSCs) in mitigating Ob-associated insulin resistance (IR) and mitochondrial dysfunction both in vivo and in vitro. Under obesogenic milieu, adipocytes showed a significant reduction in glucose uptake, and impaired insulin signaling with decreased expression of UCP1 and PGC1α, suggestive of dysregulated non-shivering thermogenesis vis-a-vis mitochondrial biogenesis respectively. Furthermore, obesogenic adipocytes demonstrated impaired mitochondrial respiration and energy homeostasis evidenced by reduced oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and blunted ATP/NAD+/NADP+ production respectively. Interestingly, co-culturing adipocytes with P-MSCs activated PI3K-Akt signaling, improved glucose uptake, diminished ROS production, enhanced mitochondrial OCR, improved ATP/NAD+/NADP+ production, and promoted beiging of adipocytes evidenced by upregulated expression of PRDM16, UCP1, and PGC1α expression. In vivo, P-MSCs administration increased the peripheral blood glucose uptake and clearance, and improved insulin sensitivity and lipid profile with a coordinated increase in the ratio of ATP/ADP and NAD+ and NADP+ in the white adipose tissue (WAT), exemplified in WNIN/GR-Ob obese mutant rats. In line with in vitro findings, there was a significant reduction in adipocyte hypertrophy, increased mitochondrial staining, and thermogenesis. Our findings advocate for a therapeutic application of P-MSCs for improving glucose and energy homeostasis, i.e., probably restoring non-shivering thermogenesis towards obesity management.
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22
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Balazova L, Palesova N, Balaz M. Mitochondrial transformation occurs in cultured adipocytes, but fails to increase adipose tissue metabolic activity in mice in vivo. Adipocyte 2022; 11:463-476. [PMID: 35941811 PMCID: PMC9367671 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2107178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies in recent years have aimed to devise novel therapeutic strategies to increase adipose tissue metabolic activity and fight the global obesity epidemics. Growing evidence suggests that cells are able to accept isolated mitochondria by a simple coincubation in a process known as mitochondrial transformation. Therefore, we aimed to test whether mitochondrial transformation occurs in mature adipocytes, and whether this phenomenon could be utilized as a therapeutic approach to increase adipose tissue mitochondrial content and improve metabolic control. We provide evidence that both brown and white adipocytes are able to rapidly accept a large amount of brown adipocyte-derived mitochondria, which remain functional for several days and significantly contribute to cellular respiration in vitro. However, we did not find any evidence that internalization of exogenous mitochondria would trigger transcriptional changes in the recipient cells. Moreover, injection of a large amount of brown adipocyte-derived mitochondria into the inguinal fat of C57BL/6 mice failed to increase whole-body energy expenditure, and reduce body weight gain under obesogenic conditions. This might be due to activation of immune response and rapid removal of administered mitochondria. Altogether, our study adds information on the usability of mitochondrial transformation in the treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Balazova
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Metabolism, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natalia Palesova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Metabolism, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Metabolism, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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23
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Luo J, Shen S, Xia J, Wang J, Gu Z. Mitochondria as the Essence of Yang Qi in the Human Body. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:336-348. [PMID: 36939762 PMCID: PMC9590506 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The concept of Yang Qi in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has many similarities with mitochondria in modern medicine. Both are indispensable to human beings and closely related to life and death. This article discusses the similarities in various aspects between mitochondria and Yang Qi, including body temperature, aging, newborns, circadian rhythm, immunity, and meridian. It is well-known that Yang Qi is vital for human health. Interestingly, decreased mitochondrial function is thought to be key to the development of various diseases. Here, we further explain diseases induced by Yang Qi deficiency, such as cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep disorder, senile dementia, and metabolic diseases, from the perspective of mitochondrial function. We aim to establish similarities and connections between two important concepts, and hope our essay can stimulate further discussion and investigation on unifying important concepts in western medicine and alternative medicine, especially TCM, and provide unique holistic insights into understanding human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shiwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
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24
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Zhu W, Fu L, Xu C, Peng K, Liu Y, Tang H, Huang Y, Yang X. Enoxacin ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome by promoting the browning of white adipose tissue and restoring gut dysbiosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:978019. [PMID: 36147348 PMCID: PMC9486322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.978019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder syndrome characterized by polycystic ovary, ovulation disorder and hyperandrogenemia, and is often accompanied by metabolic disorders. Enoxacin has been reported to protect against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by promoting fat thermogenesis. However, the function of enoxacin in PCOS remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the enoxacin on the regulation of PCOS mouse model induced by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Here, we found that reproductive endocrine disorder, glucose intolerance, and ovarian dysfunction in PCOS mice induced by DHEA were attenuated by enoxacin treatment. Mechanistically, we identified that enoxacin can promote white fat browning and improve metabolic disorders, thus ameliorating DHEA-induced reproductive dysfunction. Moreover, these beneficial effects might be associated with the restoration of gut dysbiosis. These findings provide a novel therapeutic target for enoxacin in the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liya Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Changjing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yilan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yilan Huang, ; Xuping Yang,
| | - Xuping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yilan Huang, ; Xuping Yang,
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25
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Khalil M, Shanmugam H, Abdallah H, John Britto JS, Galerati I, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G, Portincasa P. The Potential of the Mediterranean Diet to Improve Mitochondrial Function in Experimental Models of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153112. [PMID: 35956289 PMCID: PMC9370259 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expansion of body fat paves the way for several metabolic abnormalities including overweight, obesity, and diabetes, which ultimately cluster under the umbrella of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Patients with MetS are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality. The coexistence of distinct metabolic abnormalities is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, as components of low-to-medium grade systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Adopting healthy lifestyles, by using appropriate dietary regimens, contributes to the prevention and treatment of MetS. Metabolic abnormalities can influence the function and energetic capacity of mitochondria, as observed in many obesity-related cardio-metabolic disorders. There are preclinical studies both in cellular and animal models, as well as clinical studies, dealing with distinct nutrients of the Mediterranean diet (MD) and dysfunctional mitochondria in obesity and MetS. The term “Mitochondria nutrients” has been adopted in recent years, and it depicts the adequate nutrients to keep proper mitochondrial function. Different experimental models show that components of the MD, including polyphenols, plant-derived compounds, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, can improve mitochondrial metabolism, biogenesis, and antioxidant capacity. Such effects are valuable to counteract the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with obesity-related abnormalities and can represent the beneficial feature of polyphenols-enriched olive oil, vegetables, nuts, fish, and plant-based foods, as the main components of the MD. Thus, developing mitochondria-targeting nutrients and natural agents for MetS treatment and/or prevention is a logical strategy to decrease the burden of disease and medications at a later stage. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the effects of the MD and its bioactive components on improving mitochondrial structure and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Harshitha Shanmugam
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Jerlin Stephy John Britto
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Ilaria Galerati
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-A.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-A.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-328-4687215
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26
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Mela V, Ruiz-Limón P, Balongo M, Motahari Rad H, Subiri-Verdugo A, Gonzalez-Jimenez A, Soler R, Ocaña L, el Azzouzi H, Tinahones FJ, Valdivielso P, Murri M. Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Obesity-related Hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2203-2215. [PMID: 35608825 PMCID: PMC9282366 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The prevalence of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia is an alarming worldwide health issue. Mitochondria play a central role in these disorders as they control cell metabolism. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to characterize mitochondrial homeostasis in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT) in grade III obese patients with and without hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, this study presents the evaluation of mitochondrial fitness as a marker for hypertriglyceridemia improvement. PATIENTS Eight control and 12 hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) grade III obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Anthropometric and biochemical data were obtained before and 3 months after surgery. Mitochondrial homeostasis was evaluated by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), gene expression and protein abundance in SAT and VAT. RESULTS Mitophagy-related gene expression was increased in HTG SAT and VAT, while mitochondrial marker gene expression and mtDNA were decreased, indicating an altered mitochondrial homeostasis in HTG. Mitophagy protein abundance was increased in VAT of those subjects that did not improve their levels of triglycerides after bariatric surgery, whereas mitochondrial protein was decreased in the same tissue. Indeed, triglyceride levels positively correlated with mitophagy-related genes and negatively with mitochondrial content markers. Moreover, mitochondria content and mitophagy markers seem to be significant predictors of hypertriglyceridemia and hypertriglyceridemia remission. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial homeostasis of adipose tissue is altered in hypertriglyceridemic patients. At the protein level, mitochondria content and mitophagy are potential markers of hypertriglyceridemia remission in obese patients after bariatric surgery. These results may contribute to the implementation of a clinical approach for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Mela
- Correspondence: Virginia Mela, PhD, Endocrine Diseases Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), University Hospital of Malaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | | | - Manuel Balongo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Hanieh Motahari Rad
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alba Subiri-Verdugo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Rocio Soler
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Ocaña
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Hamid el Azzouzi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3436 HR, Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 29010, Málaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University ofMalaga, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Mora Murri
- Mora Murri, PhD, Endocrine Diseases Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), University Hospital of Malaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n 29010 Málaga, Spain.
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27
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Sabaratnam R, Skov V, Paulsen SK, Juhl S, Kruse R, Hansen T, Halkier C, Kristensen JM, Vind BF, Richelsen B, Knudsen S, Dahlgaard J, Beck-Nielsen H, Kruse TA, Højlund K. A Signature of Exaggerated Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Is Linked to Low Plasma Adiponectin and Increased Transcriptional Activation of Proteasomal Degradation in Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132005. [PMID: 35805088 PMCID: PMC9265693 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by more pronounced metabolic and molecular defects than in obesity per se. There is increasing evidence that adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Here, we used an unbiased approach to examine if adipose tissue dysfunction is exaggerated in T2D and linked to diabetes-related mechanisms of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Transcriptional profiling and biological pathways analysis were performed in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and skeletal muscle biopsies from 17 patients with T2D and 19 glucose-tolerant, age and weight-matched obese controls. Findings were validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting of selected genes and proteins. Patients with T2D were more insulin resistant and had lower plasma adiponectin than obese controls. Transcriptional profiling showed downregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic-acid cycle and increased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes in SAT in T2D, whereas genes involved in proteasomal degradation were upregulated in the skeletal muscle in T2D. qRT-PCR confirmed most of these findings and showed lower expression of adiponectin in SAT and higher expression of myostatin in muscle in T2D. Interestingly, muscle expression of proteasomal genes correlated positively with SAT expression of ECM genes but inversely with the expression of ADIPOQ in SAT and plasma adiponectin. Protein content of proteasomal subunits and major ubiquitin ligases were unaltered in the skeletal muscle of patients with T2D. A transcriptional signature of exaggerated adipose tissue dysfunction in T2D, compared with obesity alone, is linked to low plasma adiponectin and increased transcriptional activation of proteasomal degradation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
| | - Søren K. Paulsen
- Department of Pathology, Viborg Regional Hospital, DK-8800 Viborg, Denmark;
| | - Stine Juhl
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Rikke Kruse
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Thea Hansen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Cecilie Halkier
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
| | - Jonas M. Kristensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte F. Vind
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark;
| | - Steen Knudsen
- Allarity Therapeutics Europe, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark;
| | - Jesper Dahlgaard
- Program for Mind and Body in Mental Health, Research Centre for Health and Welfare Technology, VIA University College, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Beck-Nielsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
| | - Torben A. Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark;
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (R.S.); (S.J.); (R.K.); (J.M.K.); (B.F.V.); (H.B.-N.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; (T.H.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2532-0648
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Haslem L, Hays JM, Hays FA. p66Shc in Cardiovascular Pathology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111855. [PMID: 35681549 PMCID: PMC9180016 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p66Shc is a widely expressed protein that governs a variety of cardiovascular pathologies by generating, and exacerbating, pro-apoptotic ROS signals. Here, we review p66Shc’s connections to reactive oxygen species, expression, localization, and discuss p66Shc signaling and mitochondrial functions. Emphasis is placed on recent p66Shc mitochondrial function discoveries including structure/function relationships, ROS identity and regulation, mechanistic insights, and how p66Shc-cyt c interactions can influence p66Shc mitochondrial function. Based on recent findings, a new p66Shc mitochondrial function model is also put forth wherein p66Shc acts as a rheostat that can promote or antagonize apoptosis. A discussion of how the revised p66Shc model fits previous findings in p66Shc-mediated cardiovascular pathology follows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon Haslem
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Jennifer M. Hays
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Franklin A. Hays
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (L.H.); (J.M.H.)
- Stephenson Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence:
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Influence of NAFLD and bariatric surgery on hepatic and adipose tissue mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2931. [PMID: 35614135 PMCID: PMC9132900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in liver tissue has been hypothesised to contribute to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is unknown whether OXPHOS capacities in human visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) associate with NAFLD severity and how hepatic OXPHOS responds to improvement in NAFLD. In biopsies sampled from 62 patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery and nine control subjects without obesity we demonstrate that OXPHOS is reduced in VAT and SAT while increased in the liver in patients with obesity when compared with control subjects without obesity, but this was independent of NAFLD severity. In repeat liver biopsy sampling in 21 patients with obesity 12 months after bariatric surgery we found increased hepatic OXPHOS capacity and mitochondrial DNA/nuclear DNA content compared with baseline. In this work we show that obesity has an opposing association with mitochondrial respiration in adipose- and liver tissue with no overall association with NAFLD severity, however, bariatric surgery increases hepatic OXPHOS and mitochondrial biogenesis. Impaired mitochondrial function in liver tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis and disease progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here the authors report that patients with obesity have lower mitochondrial capacity in adipose tissues but higher capacity in the liver, without overall associations to NAFLD severity, and that bariatric surgery increases hepatic mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Choi KM, Ryan KK, Yoon JC. Adipose Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency Modulates Inflammation and Glucose Homeostasis in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6529386. [PMID: 35171275 PMCID: PMC8900697 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue has been associated with type 2 diabetes, but it is unclear whether it is a cause or the consequence. Mitochondrial complex I is a major site of reactive oxygen species generation and a therapeutic target. Here we report that genetic deletion of the complex I subunit Ndufs4 specifically in adipose tissue results in an increased propensity to develop diet-induced weight gain, glucose intolerance, and elevated levels of fat inflammatory genes. This outcome is apparent in young males but not in young females, suggesting that females are relatively protected from the adverse consequences of adipose mitochondrial dysfunction for metabolic health. Mutant mice of both sexes exhibit defects in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling in adipose tissue is selectively blunted in male mutant mice relative to wild-type littermates, consistent with sex-dependent regulation of its autocrine/paracrine action in adipocytes. Together, these findings support that adipocyte-specific mitochondrial dysfunction is sufficient to induce tissue inflammation and can cause systemic glucose abnormalities in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karen K Ryan
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John C Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: John C. Yoon, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Seo SH, Choi SD, Batterman S, Chang YS. Health risk assessment of exposure to organochlorine pesticides in the general population in Seoul, Korea over 12 years: A cross-sectional epidemiological study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127381. [PMID: 34638073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the 12-year trends in serum levels of 28 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 880 adults living in Seoul, Korea. The OCP levels decreased from 2006 to 2017, and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene was a predominant compound. OCP levels were higher in females than in males, and showed positive associations with BMI and age. The OCP concentrations had inverted U-shaped associations with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. Concentrations of β-hexachlorocyclohexane were significantly higher in patients with hypertension than in participants that were normotensive. OCP levels showed positive associations with uric acid, creatinine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, but negative associations with free thyroxine. Participants with diabetes had significantly higher OCP levels than those without it. Principal component analysis suggested possible differences in disease manifestation depending on the composition of OCPs. These results suggest that OCPs might disturb renal transport and thyroid homeostasis. To our knowledge, the inverted U-shaped associations of heptachlor epoxide and endosulfan with cholesterol, the epidemiological associations of trans-nonachlor and endosulfan with thyroid hormones, and the association of p,p'-DDE with hyperuricemia have not been previously reported in general population. This is the first long-term study to show trends of 28 OCPs in serum and associations with various health indicators in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Seo
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Stuart Batterman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Ca 2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction: a converging road to prediabetic and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:33-61. [PMID: 34978597 PMCID: PMC8721633 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as the myocardial dysfunction that suffers patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the absence of hypertension and structural heart diseases such as valvular or coronary artery dysfunctions. Since the impact of DM on cardiac function is rather silent and slow, early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy, known as prediabetes, are poorly recognized, and, on many occasions, cardiac illness is diagnosed only after a severe degree of dysfunction was reached. Therefore, exploration and recognition of the initial pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy are of vital importance for an on-time diagnosis and treatment of the malady. Among the complex and intricate mechanisms involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy, Ca2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction have been described as pivotal early processes. In the present review, we will focus on these two processes and the molecular pathway that relates these two alterations to the earlier stages and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. Although its essential clinical manifestation includes a plethora of symptoms and signs, which largely reflects the underlying hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology, PCOS may also be associated with many metabolic derangements. These metabolic derangements happen to overlap with many of the core constituents of the metabolic syndrome (MBS)—increased insulin resistance, central obesity, and dyslipidemia. The two disorders also display similarly increased risks for certain metabolic and vascular diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the many similarities between metabolic syndrome and PCOS, this review aims to examine the evidence concerning the overlapping features, the risks for comorbidities, possible shared mechanisms, and treatment strategies in patients with coexisting PCOS and MBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chiao Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kai Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Livia ShangYu Wan Chair Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Singh R, Mohapatra L, Tripathi AS. Targeting mitochondrial biogenesis: a potential approach for preventing and controlling diabetes. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus is a lingering hyperglycemic ailment resulting in several life-threatening difficulties. Enduring hyperglycemia often persuades the buildup of reactive oxygen species that are the significant pathological makers of diabetic complications. The mitochondrial dysfunction, with mitochondrial damage and too much production of reactive oxygen species, have been proposed to be convoluted in the progress of insulin resistance. Numerous studies advocate that agents that enhance the mitochondrial number and/or decrease their dysfunction, could be greatly helpful in management of diabetes and its complications.
Main body
Mitochondrial biogenesis is an extremely delimited procedure arbitrated by numerous transcription influences, in which mitochondrial fusion and fission happen in synchronization in a standard vigorous cell. But this synchronization is greatly disturbed in diabetic condition designated by modification in the working of several important transcription factors regulating the expressions of different genes. Numerous preclinical and clinical investigations have suggested that, the compromised functions of mitochondria play a significant protagonist in development of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, skeletal muscle insulin resistance and several diabetic complications. However, there are several phytoconstituents performing through numerous alleyways, either unswervingly by motivating biogenesis or indirectly by constraining or averting dysfunction and producing a beneficial effect on overall function of the mitochondria.
Conclusion
This review describes standard mitochondrial physiology and anomalous modifications that transpire in answer to persistent hyperglycemia in diabetes condition. It also discusses about the different phytoconstituents that can affect the biogenesis pathways of mitochondria and thus can be used in the treatment and prevention of diabetes.
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Carruthers NJ, Strieder-Barboza C, Caruso JA, Flesher CG, Baker NA, Kerk SA, Ky A, Ehlers AP, Varban OA, Lyssiotis CA, Lumeng CN, Stemmer PM, O'Rourke RW. The human type 2 diabetes-specific visceral adipose tissue proteome and transcriptome in obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17394. [PMID: 34462518 PMCID: PMC8405693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes (DM) but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our objective in this discovery analysis was to identify genes and proteins regulated by DM to elucidate aberrant cellular metabolic and signaling mediators. We performed label-free proteomics and RNA-sequencing analysis of VAT from female bariatric surgery subjects with DM and without DM (NDM). We quantified 1965 protein groups, 23 proteins, and 372 genes that were differently abundant in DM vs. NDM VAT. Proteins downregulated in DM were related to fatty acid synthesis and mitochondrial function (fatty acid synthase, FASN; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial, E3 component, DLD; succinate dehydrogenase-α, SDHA) while proteins upregulated in DM were associated with innate immunity and transcriptional regulation (vitronectin, VTN; endothelial protein C receptor, EPCR; signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B, STAT5B). Transcriptome indicated defects in innate inflammation, lipid metabolism, and extracellular matrix (ECM) function, and components of complement classical and alternative cascades. The VAT proteome and transcriptome shared 13 biological processes impacted by DM, related to complement activation, cell proliferation and migration, ECM organization, lipid metabolism, and gluconeogenesis. Our data revealed a marked effect of DM in downregulating FASN. We also demonstrate enrichment of complement factor B (CFB), coagulation factor XIII A chain (F13A1), thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), and integrins at mRNA and protein levels, albeit with lower q-values and lack of Western blot or PCR confirmation. Our findings suggest putative mechanisms of VAT dysfunction in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Carruthers
- Proteomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, 42 W. Warren Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Clarissa Strieder-Barboza
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joseph A Caruso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carmen G Flesher
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicki A Baker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Samuel A Kerk
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alexander Ky
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Anne P Ehlers
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, 2215 Fuller Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Oliver A Varban
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paul M Stemmer
- Proteomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, 42 W. Warren Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Robert W O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, 2215 Fuller Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA. .,Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 2210 Taubman Center-5343, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5343, USA.
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Costa JSR, Fonseca GFAC, Ottone NCDS, Silva PA, Antonaccio RF, Silva G, Rocha MDSA, Coimbra CC, Esteves EA, Mang ZA, Amorim FT, Magalhães FDC. Strength training improves insulin resistance and differently affects mitochondria in skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in high-fat fed mice. Life Sci 2021; 278:119639. [PMID: 34043987 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Strength training (ST) improves insulin resistance and glucose tolerance by yet unknown mechanisms. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of ST on mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, on heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in skeletal muscle, and on visceral adipocyte size in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Balb/c mice were divided into sedentary control-chow (C-chow), strength trained-chow (ST-chow), sedentary control-HFD (C-HFD) and strength trained-HFD (ST-HFD). Diet was provided for 12 weeks, while ladder climbing ST was performed for the final six weeks of the study at a frequency of three days per week. KEY FINDINGS Strength training led to increased strength, muscular endurance, and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Compared to the C-HFD group, mice in the ST-HFD group decreased their whole-body insulin resistance, improved their glucose tolerance, and had higher activation of the insulin pathway in skeletal muscle. ST increased citrate synthase (CS) activity in skeletal muscle, but this increase was blunted in ST-HFD. Conversely, HFD reduced adipose tissue CS activity regardless of training status. Hsp72 content was reduced in C-HFD, but returned to control levels in ST-HFD. Finally, reduced epididymal adipocyte size was observed in ST-HFD. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the improvement in insulin resistance induced by ST is related to mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle, but not in adipose tissue. Moreover, this improvement might be related to increased skeletal muscle Hsp72 and reduced epididymal adipocyte size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Sales Rodrigues Costa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Graciene Fernandes Araújo Campos Fonseca
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Natielle Cecília Dos Santos Ottone
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Patrick Almeida Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Romulo Fernandes Antonaccio
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Maíra da Silva Almeida Rocha
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Candido Celso Coimbra
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elizabethe Adriana Esteves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Zachary A Mang
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Fabiano Trigueiro Amorim
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.
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Losartan Prevents Hepatic Steatosis and Macrophage Polarization by Inhibiting HIF-1α in a Murine Model of NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157841. [PMID: 34360607 PMCID: PMC8346090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and hepatosteatosis microenvironments are fundamental traits of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor that controls the cellular response to hypoxia and is activated in hepatocytes of patients with NAFLD, whereas the route and regulation of lipid droplets (LDs) and macrophage polarization related to systemic inflammation in NAFLD is unknown. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, that approved portal hypertension and related HIF-1α pathways in hepatic injury models. Here, we show that losartan in a murine model of NAFLD significantly decreased hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) as well as suppressed lipid droplets (LDs), LD-associated proteins, perilipins (PLINs), and cell-death-inducing DNA-fragmentation-factor (DFF45)-like effector (CIDE) family in liver and epididymal white adipose tissues (EWAT) of ob/ob mice. Obesity-mediated macrophage M1 activation was also required for HIF-1α expression in the liver and EWAT of ob/ob mice. Administration of losartan significantly diminishes obesity-enhanced macrophage M1 activation and suppresses hepatosteatosis. Moreover, HIF-1α-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction was reversed in ob/ob mice treated with losartan. Together, the regulation of HIF-1α controls LDs protein expression and macrophage polarization, which highlights a potential target for losartan in NAFLD.
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Zhao B, Liu M, Liu H, Xie J, Yan J, Hou X, Liu J. Zeaxanthin promotes browning by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis through the PKA pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Food Funct 2021; 12:6283-6293. [PMID: 34047728 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00524c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to systemic lipid metabolism disorders. Zeaxanthin (ZEA) is a kind of carotenoid with potent antioxidant activity and has been reported to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism has not been explained. In this study, we first discovered that ZEA stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocyte browning by increasing the expression of specific markers (Cd137, Tbx1, Sirt1, Cidea, Ucp1, Tmem26, and Cited1), thereby reducing lipid accumulation. Besides, ZEA promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing the expression of PRDM16, UCP1, NRF2, PGC-1α, and SIRT1. Moreover, the uncoupled oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of protons leaked in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was rapidly increased by ZEA treatment, which improved mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism. Furthermore, we found that ZEA promotes browning by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis partly through the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. This study provided new insight into the promotion of browning and mitochondrial biogenesis by ZEA, suggesting that ZEA probably has potential therapeutic effects on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
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Kobayashi M, Deguchi Y, Nozaki Y, Higami Y. Contribution of PGC-1α to Obesity- and Caloric Restriction-Related Physiological Changes in White Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116025. [PMID: 34199596 PMCID: PMC8199692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α) regulates mitochondrial DNA replication and mitochondrial gene expression by interacting with several transcription factors. White adipose tissue (WAT) mainly comprises adipocytes that store triglycerides as an energy resource and secrete adipokines. The characteristics of WAT vary in response to systemic and chronic metabolic alterations, including obesity or caloric restriction. Despite a small amount of mitochondria in white adipocytes, accumulated evidence suggests that mitochondria are strongly related to adipocyte-specific functions, such as adipogenesis and lipogenesis, as well as oxidative metabolism for energy supply. Therefore, PGC-1α is expected to play an important role in WAT. In this review, we provide an overview of the involvement of mitochondria and PGC-1α with obesity- and caloric restriction-related physiological changes in adipocytes and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3676 (M.K. & Y.H.)
| | - Yusuke Deguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuka Nozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3676 (M.K. & Y.H.)
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Mazuecos L, Pintado C, Rubio B, Guisantes-Batán E, Andrés A, Gallardo N. Leptin, Acting at Central Level, Increases FGF21 Expression in White Adipose Tissue via PPARβ/δ. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4624. [PMID: 33924880 PMCID: PMC8124190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The altered function of adipose tissue can result in obesity, insulin resistance, and its metabolic complications. Leptin, acting on the central nervous system, modifies the composition and function of adipose tissue. To date, the molecular changes that occur in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) during chronic leptin treatment are not fully understood. Herein we aimed to address whether PPARβ/δ could mediate the metabolic actions induced by leptin in eWAT. To this end, male 3-month-old Wistar rats, infused intracerebroventricularly (icv) with leptin (0.2 μg/day) for 7 days, were daily co-treated intraperitoneally (ip) without or with the specific PPARβ/δ receptor antagonist GSK0660 (1 mg/kg/day). In parallel, we also administered GSK0660 to control rats fed ad libitum without leptin infusion. Leptin, acting at central level, prevented the starvation-induced increase in circulating levels of FGF21, while induced markedly the endogenous expression of FGF21 and browning markers of eWAT. Interestingly, GSK0660 abolished the anorectic effects induced by icv leptin leading to increased visceral fat mass and reduced browning capacity. In addition, the pharmacological inhibition of PPARβ/δ alters the immunomodulatory actions of central leptin on eWAT. In summary, our results demonstrate that PPARβ/δ is involved in the up-regulation of FGF21 expression induced by leptin in visceral adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mazuecos
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Pintado
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Blanca Rubio
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Eduardo Guisantes-Batán
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Antonio Andrés
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Nilda Gallardo
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (L.M.); (C.P.); (B.R.)
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Adipocyte-Mineralocorticoid Receptor Alters Mitochondrial Quality Control Leading to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Senescence of Visceral Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062881. [PMID: 33809055 PMCID: PMC8001019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression is increased in the adipose tissue (AT) of obese patients and animals. We previously demonstrated that adipocyte-MR overexpression in mice (Adipo-MROE mice) is associated with metabolic alterations. Moreover, we showed that MR regulates mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence in the visceral AT of obese db/db mice. Our hypothesis is that adipocyte-MR overactivation triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence, through increased mitochondrial oxidative stress (OS). Using the Adipo-MROE mice with conditional adipocyte-MR expression, we evaluated the specific effects of adipocyte-MR on global and mitochondrial OS, as well as on OS-induced damage. Mitochondrial function was assessed by high throughput respirometry. Molecular mechanisms were probed in AT focusing on mitochondrial quality control and senescence markers. Adipo-MROE mice exhibited increased mitochondrial OS and altered mitochondrial respiration, associated with reduced biogenesis and increased fission. This was associated with OS-induced DNA-damage and AT premature senescence. In conclusion, targeted adipocyte-MR overexpression leads to an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics and regeneration, to mitochondrial dysfunction and to ageing in visceral AT. These data bring new insights into the MR-dependent AT dysfunction in obesity.
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Oxidative Stress and Vascular Damage in the Context of Obesity: The Hidden Guest. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030406. [PMID: 33800427 PMCID: PMC7999611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular system plays a central role in the transport of cells, oxygen and nutrients between different regions of the body, depending on the needs, as well as of metabolic waste products for their elimination. While the structure of different components of the vascular system varies, these structures, especially those of main arteries and arterioles, can be affected by the presence of different cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity. This vascular remodeling is mainly characterized by a thickening of the media layer as a consequence of changes in smooth muscle cells or excessive fibrosis accumulation. These vascular changes associated with obesity can trigger functional alterations, with endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness being especially common features of obese vessels. These changes can also lead to impaired tissue perfusion that may affect multiple tissues and organs. In this review, we focus on the role played by perivascular adipose tissue, the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the vascular dysfunction associated with obesity. In addition, the participation of oxidative stress in this vascular damage, which can be produced in the perivascular adipose tissue as well as in other components of the vascular wall, is updated.
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Petrosino JM, Longenecker JZ, Ramkumar S, Xu X, Dorn LE, Bratasz A, Yu L, Maurya S, Tolstikov V, Bussberg V, Janssen PM, Periasamy M, Kiebish MA, Duester G, von Lintig J, Ziouzenkova O, Accornero F. Paracardial fat remodeling affects systemic metabolism through alcohol dehydrogenase 1. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141799. [PMID: 33586683 PMCID: PMC7880313 DOI: 10.1172/jci141799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between adiposity and metabolic health is well established. However, very little is known about the fat depot, known as paracardial fat (pCF), located superior to and surrounding the heart. Here, we show that pCF remodels with aging and a high-fat diet and that the size and function of this depot are controlled by alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), an enzyme that oxidizes retinol into retinaldehyde. Elderly individuals and individuals with obesity have low ADH1 expression in pCF, and in mice, genetic ablation of Adh1 is sufficient to drive pCF accumulation, dysfunction, and global impairments in metabolic flexibility. Metabolomics analysis revealed that pCF controlled the levels of circulating metabolites affecting fatty acid biosynthesis. Also, surgical removal of the pCF depot was sufficient to rescue the impairments in cardiometabolic flexibility and fitness observed in Adh1-deficient mice. Furthermore, treatment with retinaldehyde prevented pCF remodeling in these animals. Mechanistically, we found that the ADH1/retinaldehyde pathway works by driving PGC-1α nuclear translocation and promoting mitochondrial fusion and biogenesis in the pCF depot. Together, these data demonstrate that pCF is a critical regulator of cardiometabolic fitness and that retinaldehyde and its generating enzyme ADH1 act as critical regulators of adipocyte remodeling in the pCF depot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Petrosino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacob Z. Longenecker
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Xianyao Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Lisa E. Dorn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Santosh Maurya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Valerie Bussberg
- BERG, Precision Medicine Department, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul M.L. Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Choi MJ, Jung SB, Chang JY, Shong M. Cellular and Intercellular Homeostasis in Adipose Tissue with Mitochondria-Specific Stress. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:1-11. [PMID: 33677920 PMCID: PMC7937835 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracrine interactions are imperative for the maintenance of adipose tissue intercellular homeostasis, and intracellular organelle dysfunction results in local and systemic alterations in metabolic homeostasis. It is currently accepted that mitochondrial proteotoxic stress activates the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in vitro and in vivo. The induction of mitochondrial chaperones and proteases during the UPRmt is a key cell-autonomous mechanism of mitochondrial quality control. The UPRmt also affects systemic metabolism through the secretion of cell non-autonomous peptides and cytokines (hereafter, metabokines). Mitochondrial function in adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in whole-body metabolism and human diseases. Despite continuing interest in the role of the UPRmt and quality control pathways of mitochondria in energy metabolism, studies on the roles of the UPRmt and metabokines in white adipose tissue are relatively sparse. Here, we describe the role of the UPRmt in adipose tissue, including adipocytes and resident macrophages, and the interactive roles of cell non-autonomous metabokines, particularly growth differentiation factor 15, in local adipose cellular homeostasis and systemic energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Center for Biomolecular & Cellular Structure, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Baldini F, Fabbri R, Eberhagen C, Voci A, Portincasa P, Zischka H, Vergani L. Adipocyte hypertrophy parallels alterations of mitochondrial status in a cell model for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity. Life Sci 2020; 265:118812. [PMID: 33278396 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adipocyte hypertrophy is the main cause of obesity. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating adipocyte dysfunction may help to plan strategies to treat/prevent obesity and its metabolic complications. Here, we investigated in vitro the molecular alterations associated with early adipocyte hypertrophy, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction. MAIN METHODS As model of adipocyte hypertrophy, we employed 3T3-L1 preadipocytes firstly differentiated into mature adipocytes, then cultured with long-chain fatty acids. As a function of differentiation and hypertrophy, we assessed triglyceride content, lipid droplet size, radical homeostasis by spectrophotometry and microscopy, as well as the expression of PPARγ, adiponectin and metallothioneins. Mitochondrial status was investigated by electron microscopy, oxygraph 2 k (O2K) high-resolution respirometry, fluorimetry and western blot. KEY FINDINGS Compared to mature adipocytes, hypertrophic adipocytes showed increased triglyceride accumulation and lipid peroxidation, larger or unique lipid droplet, up-regulated expression of PPARγ, adiponectin and metallothioneins. At mitochondrial level, early-hypertrophic adipocytes exhibited: (i) impaired mitochondrial oxygen consumption with parallel reduction in the mitochondrial complexes; (ii) no changes in citrate synthase and HSP60 expression, and in the inner mitochondrial membrane polarization; (iii) no stimulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Our findings indicate that the content, integrity, and catabolic activity of mitochondria were rather unchanged in early hypertrophic adipocytes, while oxygen consumption and oxidant production were altered. SIGNIFICANCE In the model of early adipocyte hypertrophy exacerbated oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial respiration were observed, likely depending on reduction in the mitochondrial complexes, without changes in mitochondrial mass and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Rita Fabbri
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Carola Eberhagen
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Voci
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University School of Medicine, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Vergani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Yang X, Liu Q, Li Y, Tang Q, Wu T, Chen L, Pu S, Zhao Y, Zhang G, Huang C, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Zou M, Shi X, Jiang W, Wang R, He J. The diabetes medication canagliflozin promotes mitochondrial remodelling of adipocyte via the AMPK-Sirt1-Pgc-1α signalling pathway. Adipocyte 2020; 9:484-494. [PMID: 32835596 PMCID: PMC7469612 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1807850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diabetes medication canagliflozin (Cana) is a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor acting by increasing urinary glucose excretion and thus reducing hyperglycaemia. Cana treatment also reduces body weight. However, it remains unclear whether Cana could directly work on adipose tissue. In the present study, the pharmacological effects of Cana and the associated mechanism were investigated in adipocytes and mice. Stromal-vascular fractions (SVFs) were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue and differentiated into mature adipocytes. Our results show that Cana treatment directly increased cellular energy expenditure of adipocytes by inducing mitochondrial biogenesis independently of SGLT2 inhibition. Along with mitochondrial biogenesis, Cana also increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis. Mechanistically, Cana promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and function via an Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) - silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) - peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) signalling pathway. Consistently, in vivo study demonstrated that Cana increased AMPK phosphorylation and the expression of Sirt1 and Pgc-1α. The present study reveals a new therapeutic function for Cana in regulating energy homoeostasis. ABBREVIATIONS Ucp-1, uncoupling protein 1; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; PKA, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A; SGLT, sodium glucose cotransporter; Cana, canagliflozin; T2DM: type 2 diabetes; Veh, vehicle; Pgc-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α; SVFs, stromal-vascular fractions; FBS, bovine serum; Ad, adenovirus; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; COX2, cytochrome oxidase subunit 2; RT-PCR, real-time PCR; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; Prdm16, PR domain zinc finger protein 16; Cidea, cell death inducing DFFA-like effector A; Pgc-1β, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β; NRF1, nuclear respiratory factor 1; Tfam, mitochondrial transcription factor A; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; FAO, fatty acid oxidation; AMPK, Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; p-AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK; Sirt1, silent information regulator 1; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; WAT, white adipose tissue; Fabp4, fatty acid binding protein 4; Lpl, lipoprotein lipase; Slc5a2, solute carrier family 5 member 2; ERRα, oestrogen related receptor α; Uqcrc2, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2; Uqcrfs1, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, Rieske iron-sulphur polypeptide 1; Cox4, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4; Pparα, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α; NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Dio2, iodothyronine deiodinase 2; Tmem26, transmembrane protein 26; Hoxa9, homeobox A9; FCCP, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone; Rot/AA, rotenone/antimycin A; OCR, oxygen consumption rate; Pparγ, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ; C/ebp, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein; LKB1, liver kinase B1; AUC, area under the cure; Vd, apparent volume of distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Qin Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Shiyun Pu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Yingnan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Guorong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Cuiyuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Jinhang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
| | - Min Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
| | - Xiongjie Shi
- College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Chengdu China
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu China
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Güven B, Kara Z, Onay-Beşikci A. Metabolic effects of carvedilol through β-arrestin proteins: investigations in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model and in C2C12 myoblasts. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5580-5594. [PMID: 32931611 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Carvedilol is a third-generation β-adrenoceptor antagonist, which also stimulates β-arrestins. β-arrestins initiate intracellular signalling and are involved in insulin release and sensitivity. Carvedilol is superior in effectiveness to other drugs that are used for similar indications and does not cause insulin resistance or diabetes, which can occur with other β-antagonists. We have shown that carvedilol increased glucose usage in C2C12 cells. We investigate the biased agonist efficacy of carvedilol on β-arrestins. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes rat model was used to induce metabolic and cardiac disorders. After 8 weeks of diabetes, animals were treated with carvedilol or vehicle for another 4 weeks. In vitro heart function was evaluated at baseline as well as with increasing concentrations of isoprenaline. Effects of diabetes and carvedilol treatment on β-arrestins, ERK, PPARα, CD36 proteins and pyruvate kinase activity were evaluated. β-arrestins were silenced in C2C12 cells by using siRNA. Acute effects of carvedilol on ERK, CD36, mitochondrial transcription factor A, cardiolipin proteins and citrate synthase activity were investigated. KEY RESULTS Carvedilol reversed the deterioration of cardiac function in diabetes and diabetes-induced decrease in β-arrestins in rats. Carvedilol decreased the expression of CD36 in diabetes and increased mitochondrial transcription factor A and cardiolipin proteins. Silencing of β-arrestins in cells prevented the effects of carvedilol on these proteins. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The metabolic effects of carvedilol seem to be related to biased activation of β-arrestins. Patients with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders may benefit from new compounds that selectively act on β-arrestins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Güven
- Department of Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zümra Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Haigh JL, New LE, Filippi BM. Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Brain Are Associated With Feeding, Glucose Homeostasis, and Whole-Body Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:580879. [PMID: 33240218 PMCID: PMC7680879 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.580879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is responsible for maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis by changing energy input and availability. The hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) are the primary sites of metabolic control, able to sense both hormones and nutrients and adapt metabolism accordingly. The mitochondria respond to the level of nutrient availability by fusion or fission to maintain energy homeostasis; however, these processes can be disrupted by metabolic diseases including obesity and type II diabetes (T2D). Mitochondrial dynamics are crucial in the development and maintenance of obesity and T2D, playing a role in the control of glucose homeostasis and whole-body metabolism across neurons and glia in the hypothalamus and DVC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beatrice M. Filippi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Biochemical adaptations in white adipose tissue following aerobic exercise: from mitochondrial biogenesis to browning. Biochem J 2020; 477:1061-1081. [PMID: 32187350 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of white adipose tissue (WAT) biochemistry has evolved over the last few decades and it is now clear that WAT is not simply a site of energy storage, but rather a pliable endocrine organ demonstrating dynamic responsiveness to the effects of aerobic exercise. Similar to its established effects in skeletal muscle, aerobic exercise induces many biochemical adaptations in WAT including mitochondrial biogenesis and browning. While past research has focused on the regulation of these biochemical processes, there has been renewed interest as of late given the potential of harnessing WAT mitochondrial biogenesis and browning to treat obesity and type II diabetes. Unfortunately, despite increasing evidence that innumerable factors, both exercise induced and pharmacological, can elicit these biochemical adaptations in WAT, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we begin with a historical account of our understanding of WAT exercise biochemistry before presenting detailed evidence in favour of an up-to-date model by which aerobic exercise induces mitochondrial biogenesis and browning in WAT. Specifically, we discuss how aerobic exercise induces increases in WAT lipolysis and re-esterification and how this could be a trigger that activates the cellular energy sensor 5' AMP-activated protein kinase to mediate the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis and browning via the transcriptional co-activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha. While this review primarily focuses on mechanistic results from rodent studies special attention is given to the translation of these results, or lack thereof, to human physiology.
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50
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Lobo MJ, Reverte-Salisa L, Chao YC, Koschinski A, Gesellchen F, Subramaniam G, Jiang H, Pace S, Larcom N, Paolocci E, Pfeifer A, Zanivan S, Zaccolo M. Phosphodiesterase 2A2 regulates mitochondria clearance through Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Commun Biol 2020; 3:596. [PMID: 33087821 PMCID: PMC7578833 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed degradation of mitochondria by mitophagy, an essential process to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, is not completely understood. Here we uncover a regulatory process that controls mitophagy and involves the cAMP-degrading enzyme phosphodiesterase 2A2 (PDE2A2). We find that PDE2A2 is part of a mitochondrial signalosome at the mitochondrial inner membrane where it interacts with the mitochondrial contact site and organizing system (MICOS). As part of this compartmentalised signalling system PDE2A2 regulates PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the MICOS component MIC60, resulting in modulation of Parkin recruitment to the mitochondria and mitophagy. Inhibition of PDE2A2 is sufficient to regulate mitophagy in the absence of other triggers, highlighting the physiological relevance of PDE2A2 in this process. Pharmacological inhibition of PDE2 promotes a 'fat-burning' phenotype to retain thermogenic beige adipocytes, indicating that PDE2A2 may serve as a novel target with potential for developing therapies for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel J Lobo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ying-Chi Chao
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Koschinski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frank Gesellchen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - He Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Samuel Pace
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natasha Larcom
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ester Paolocci
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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