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Zhao JV, Yao M, Liu Z. Using genetics and proteomics data to identify proteins causally related to COVID-19, healthspan and lifespan: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6384-6416. [PMID: 38575325 PMCID: PMC11042960 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic poses a heavy burden on public health and accounts for substantial mortality and morbidity. Proteins are building blocks of life, but specific proteins causally related to COVID-19, healthspan and lifespan have not been systematically examined. METHODS We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to assess the effects of 1,361 plasma proteins on COVID-19, healthspan and lifespan, using large GWAS of severe COVID-19 (up to 13,769 cases and 1,072,442 controls), COVID-19 hospitalization (32,519 cases and 2,062,805 controls) and SARS-COV2 infection (122,616 cases and 2,475,240 controls), healthspan (n = 300,477) and parental lifespan (~0.8 million of European ancestry). RESULTS We identified 35, 43, and 63 proteins for severe COVID, COVID-19 hospitalization, and SARS-COV2 infection, and 4, 32, and 19 proteins for healthspan, father's attained age, and mother's attained age. In addition to some proteins reported previously, such as SFTPD related to severe COVID-19, we identified novel proteins involved in inflammation and immunity (such as ICAM-2 and ICAM-5 which affect COVID-19 risk, CXCL9, HLA-DRA and LILRB4 for healthspan and lifespan), apoptosis (such as FGFR2 and ERBB4 which affect COVID-19 risk and FOXO3 which affect lifespan) and metabolism (such as PCSK9 which lowers lifespan). We found 2, 2 and 3 proteins shared between COVID-19 and healthspan/lifespan, such as CXADR and LEFTY2, shared between severe COVID-19 and healthspan/lifespan. Three proteins affecting COVID-19 and seven proteins affecting healthspan/lifespan are targeted by existing drugs. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided novel insights into protein targets affecting COVID-19, healthspan and lifespan, with implications for developing new treatment and drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie V. Zhao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Minhao Yao
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Lin J, Zhan L, Chen Z, Lin X, Zhu R. The effect of SGLT2i on the GH/IGF1 axis in newly diagnosed male T2D patients - a prospective, randomized case-control study. Endocrine 2024; 84:203-212. [PMID: 38168834 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of SGLT2i on the GH/IGF1 axis in male patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Sixty male patients with newly diagnosed T2D were recruited, and randomly assigned to Metformin+SGLT2i group or Metformin group after baseline assessment. All patients received standard lifestyle interventions, and blood indices were obtained before and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS After 12 weeks of treatment with Metformin+SGLT2i, there were noteworthy improvements in patients' FPG (Fasting plasma glucose), HBA1c, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, TyG (Triglyceride-glucose) index and UACR (P < 0.05). Both IGF1 (P = 0.01) and the IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio (P < 0.01) considerably increased, while GH and IGFBP3 did not show significant changes. When comparing Metformin+SGLT2i group to Metformin group, SGLT2i significantly improved HOMA-IR [P = 0.04], and elevated IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio [P = 0.04], SGLT2i showed a tendency of increasing IGF1 (P = 0.10), but this was not statistically meaningful. There was no effect on GH and IGFBP3. Correlation analysis showed that blood IGF1 was negatively correlated with FPG, HBA1c, HOMA-IR, TyG index and positively correlated with IGFBP3. Regression analysis indicated that FPG and testosterone had a negative effect on blood IGF1 level, while HOMA-IR had no obvious effect. CONCLUSION In male patients with newly diagnosed T2D, SGLT2i can increase IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio, alleviate insulin resistance, but has no significant effect on GH and IGF1 levels. Additionally, our study showed that Metformin+SGLT2i treatment resulted in an increase in blood IGF1 levels and improved insulin resistance, suggesting a potentially beneficial role of IGF1 in newly diagnosed T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The 95th Hospital of Putian, Putian, Fujian, 351100, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, The 95th Hospital of Putian, Putian, Fujian, 351100, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The 95th Hospital of Putian, Putian, Fujian, 351100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaying Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The 95th Hospital of Putian, Putian, Fujian, 351100, P.R. China
| | - Rongfeng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The 95th Hospital of Putian, Putian, Fujian, 351100, P.R. China.
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Li X, Tang J, Lin S, Liu X, Li Y. Mendelian randomization analysis demonstrates the causal effects of IGF family members in diabetes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1332162. [PMID: 38375323 PMCID: PMC10875044 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1332162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have consistently shown significant associations between the IGF family and metabolic diseases, including diabetes. However, these associations can be influenced by confounding factors and reverse causation. This study aimed to assess the causal relationship between the IGF family and diabetes using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods We conducted a two-sample MR analysis to investigate the causal effects of the IGF family on diabetes. Instrumental variables for the IGF family and diabetes were derived from summary-level statistics obtained from genome-wide association studies. Horizontal pleiotropy was assessed using MR-Egger regression and the weighted median method. We applied the inverse-variance weighted method as part of the conventional MR analysis to evaluate the causal impact of the IGF family on diabetes risk. To test the robustness of the results, we also employed MR-Egger regression, the weighted median method, and a leave-one-out analysis. Results Our study revealed that IGF-1 causally increases the risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), while IGFBP-6, adiponectin and INSR decreases the risk (IGF-1, OR 1.02 [95% CI 1-1.03], p = 0.01; IGFBP-6, OR 0.92 [95% CI 0.87-0.98], p = 0.01; Adiponectin, OR 0.837 [95% CI 0.721-0.970], p = 0.018; INSR, OR 0.910 [95% CI 0.872-0.950], p = 1.52 × 10-5). Additionally, genetically lower levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-5, along with higher levels of IGFBP-7, were associated with an increased risk of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) (IGF-1, OR 0.981 [95% CI 0.963-0.999], p = 0.037; IGFBP-5, OR 0.882 [95% CI 0.778-0.999], p = 0.049; IGFBP-7, OR 1.103 [95% CI 1.008-1.206], p = 0.033). Conclusion In summary, our investigation has unveiled causal relationships between specific IGF family members and T1D and T2D through MR analysis. Generally, the IGF family appears to reduce the risk of T1D, but it presents a more complex and controversial role in the context of T2D. These findings provide compelling evidence that T2D is intricately linked with developmental impairment. Our study results offer fresh insights into the pathogenesis and the significance of serum IGF family member concentrations in assessing diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ahmed A, Justo S, Yaghootkar H. Genetic scores associated with favourable and unfavourable adiposity have consistent effect on metabolic profile and disease risk across diverse ethnic groups. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15213. [PMID: 37638553 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to investigate the associations between genetic risk scores (GRS) for favourable and unfavourable adiposity and a wide range of adiposity-related outcomes across diverse populations. METHODS We utilised previously identified variants associated with favourable (36 variants) and unfavourable (38 variants) adiposity to create GRS for each adiposity phenotype. We used summary statistics from 39 outcomes generated by the Pan-UKB genome-wide association studies Version 0.3, incorporating covariates such as age, sex and principal components in six populations: European (n = 420,531), African (6636), American (980), Central/South Asian (8876), East Asian (2709) and Middle Eastern (1599). RESULTS The favourable adiposity GRS was associated with a healthy metabolic profile, including lower risk of type 2 diabetes, lower liver enzyme levels, lower blood pressure, higher HDL-cholesterol, lower triglycerides, higher apolipoprotein A, lower apolipoprotein B, higher testosterone, lower calcium and lower insulin-like growth factor 1 generally consistently across all the populations. In contrast, the unfavourable adiposity GRS was associated with an adverse metabolic profile, including higher risk of type 2 diabetes, higher random glucose levels, higher HbA1c, lower HDL-cholesterol, higher triglycerides, higher liver enzyme levels, lower testosterone, and higher C-reactive protein generally consistently across all the populations. CONCLUSION The study provides evidence that the genetic scores associated with favourable and unfavourable adiposity have consistent effects on metabolic profiles and disease risk across diverse ethnic groups. These findings deepen our understanding of distinct adiposity subtypes and their impact on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altayeb Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine, Brunel University London, London, UK
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
| | - Stephen Justo
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
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Lin J, Yang L, Huang J, Liu Y, Lei X, Chen R, Xu B, Huang C, Dou W, Wei X, Liu D, Zhang P, Huang Y, Ma Z, Zhang H. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Results From the UK Biobank Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e850-e860. [PMID: 36810801 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Relationships between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the association of circulating IGF-1 concentrations with CVD from a population-based cohort study. METHODS A total of 394 082 participants without CVD and cancer at baseline from UK Biobank were included with measurements of serum IGF-1 at baseline. Main outcomes were incidence of CVD, including CVD mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), and stroke. RESULTS Over a median 11.6 years of follow-up, UK Biobank documented 35 803 incident CVD cases, including 4231 from CVD-related death, 27 051 from CHD, 10 014 from MI, 7661 from HF, and 6802 from stroke. Dose-response analysis showed a U-shaped relationship between IGF-1 levels and cardiovascular events. Compared with the third quintile of IGF-1, the lowest category of IGF-1 was associated with increased risk of CVD (hazard ratio 1.128; 95% CI, 1.093 to 1.164), CVD mortality (1.294; 1.181 to 1.418), CHD (1.118; 1.078 to 1.159), MI (1.071; 1.008 to 1.139), HF (1.185; 1.107 to 1.268), and stroke (1.149, 1.070 to 1.235); also, the highest category was associated with increased risk of CVD (1.056; 1.020 to 1.094), CVD mortality (1.111; 1.000 to 1.236), CHD (1.070; 1.028 to 1.114), MI (1.111; 1.041 to 1.187) and HF (1.098; 1.015 to 1.188) after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSION This study indicates that both low and high levels of circulating IGF-1 are associated with increased risk of CVD in general population. These results highlight the importance of monitoring IGF-1 status on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Linjie Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junlin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuzhen Lei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruxin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bingyan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chensihan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weijuan Dou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xueyun Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Deying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peizhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 215153, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Shi W, Huang X, Schooling CM, Zhao JV. Red meat consumption, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:2626-2635. [PMID: 37264855 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Observational studies show inconsistent associations of red meat consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Moreover, red meat consumption varies by sex and setting, however, whether the associations vary by sex and setting remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the evidence concerning the associations of unprocessed and processed red meat consumption with CVD and its subtypes [coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and heart failure], type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to assess differences by sex and setting (western vs. eastern, categorized based on dietary pattern and geographic region). Two researchers independently screened studies from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published by 30 June 2022. Forty-three observational studies (N = 4 462 810, 61.7% women) for CVD and 27 observational studies (N = 1 760 774, 64.4% women) for diabetes were included. Red meat consumption was positively associated with CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 1.16 for unprocessed red meat (per 100 g/day increment); 1.26, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.35 for processed red meat (per 50 g/day increment)], CVD subtypes, T2DM, and GDM. The associations with stroke and T2DM were higher in western settings, with no difference by sex. CONCLUSION Unprocessed and processed red meat consumption are both associated with higher risk of CVD, CVD subtypes, and diabetes, with a stronger association in western settings but no sex difference. Better understanding of the mechanisms is needed to facilitate improving cardiometabolic and planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Shi
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Southern District, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Southern District, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, 55 W 125th St, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jie V Zhao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Southern District, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Mohebi R, Liu Y, Hansen MK, Yavin Y, Sattar N, Pollock CA, Butler J, Jardine M, Masson S, Heerspink HJL, Januzzi JL. Insulin growth factor axis and cardio-renal risk in diabetic kidney disease: an analysis from the CREDENCE trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:176. [PMID: 37438734 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin-like growth factors (IGF) play a crucial role in regulating cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and key metabolic pathways. The ratio of IGF-1 to IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is an important factor in determining IGF-1 bioactivity. We sought to investigate the association of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 with cardio-renal outcomes among persons with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Samples were available from 2627 individuals with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease that were randomized to receive canagliflozin or placebo and were followed up for incident cardio-renal events. Primary outcome was defined as a composite of end-stage kidney disease, doubling of the serum creatinine level, or renal/cardiovascular death. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured at baseline, Year-1 and Year-3. Elevated IGF-1 level was defined according to age-specific cutoffs. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to investigate the association between IGF-1 level, IGFBP-3, and the ratio of IGF-1/IGFBP-3 with clinical outcomes. RESULTS Elevated IGF-1 was associated with lower glomerular filtration rate at baseline. Treatment with canagliflozin did not significantly change IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations by 3 years (p-value > 0.05). In multivariable models, elevated IGF-1 (above vs below age-specific cutoffs) was associated with the primary composite outcome (incidence rate:17.8% vs. 12.7% with a hazard ratio [HR]: 1.52; 95% confidence interval CI 1.09-2.13;P: 0.01), renal composite outcome (HR: 1.65; 95% CI 1.14-2.41; P: 0.01), and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.52; 95% CI 1.00-2.32; P; 0.05). Elevations in log IGFBP-3 did not associate with any clinical outcomes. Increase in log IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio was also associated with a higher risk of the primary composite outcome (HR per unit increase: 1.57; 95% CI 1.09-2.26; P; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results further suggest potential importance of IGF biology in the risk for cardio-renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 inhibition has no impact on the biology of IGF despite its significant influence on outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION CREDENCE; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02065791.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohebi
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Michael K Hansen
- Janssen Research Development, LLC, Spring House, Montgomery, PA, USA
| | - Yshai Yavin
- Janssen Research Development, LLC, Spring House, Montgomery, PA, USA
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Javed Butler
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Baylor Scott & White Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Meg Jardine
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Serge Masson
- Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - James L Januzzi
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Heart Failure and Biomarker Trials, Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA, USA.
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Yang G, Schooling CM. Genetically mimicked effects of ASGR1 inhibitors on all-cause mortality and health outcomes: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study and a phenome-wide association study. BMC Med 2023; 21:235. [PMID: 37400795 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) is emerging as a potential drug target to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Here, we investigated genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors on all-cause mortality and any possible adverse effects. METHODS We conducted a drug-target Mendelian randomization study to assess genetically mimicked effects of ASGR1 inhibitors on all-cause mortality and 25 a priori outcomes relevant to lipid traits, CAD, and possible adverse effects, i.e. liver function, cholelithiasis, adiposity and type 2 diabetes. We also performed a phenome-wide association study of 1951 health-related phenotypes to identify any novel effects. Associations found were compared with those for currently used lipid modifiers, assessed using colocalization, and replicated where possible. RESULTS Genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors were associated with a longer lifespan (3.31 years per standard deviation reduction in LDL-cholesterol, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 5.62). Genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors were inversely associated with apolipoprotein B (apoB), triglycerides (TG) and CAD risk. Genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors were positively associated with alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, erythrocyte traits, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP), but were inversely associated with albumin and calcium. Genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors were not associated with cholelithiasis, adiposity or type 2 diabetes. Associations with apoB and TG were stronger for ASGR1 inhibitors compared with currently used lipid modifiers, and most non-lipid effects were specific to ASGR1 inhibitors. The probabilities for colocalization were > 0.80 for most of these associations, but were 0.42 for lifespan and 0.30 for CAD. These associations were replicated using alternative genetic instruments and other publicly available genetic summary statistics. CONCLUSIONS Genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors reduced all-cause mortality. Beyond lipid-lowering, genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors increased liver enzymes, erythrocyte traits, IGF-1 and CRP, but decreased albumin and calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyi Yang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, USA
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Ma L, Zhao W, Huang S, Xu F, Wang Y, Deng D, Zhang T, Shu S, Chen X. IGF/IGF-1R signal pathway in pain: a promising therapeutic target. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3472-3482. [PMID: 37497005 PMCID: PMC10367553 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.84353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain, one of the most important problems in the field of medicine and public health, has great research significance. Opioids are still the main drugs to relieve pain now. However, its application is limited due to its obvious side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new drugs to relieve pain. Multiple studies have found that IGF/IGF-1R pathway plays an important role in the occurrence and development of pain. The regulation of IGF/IGF-1R pathway has obvious effect on pain. This review summarized and discussed the therapeutic potential of IGF/IGF-1R signal pathway for pain. It also summarized that IGF/IGF-1R regulates pain by acting on neuronal excitability, neuroinflammation, glial cells, apoptosis, etc. However, its mechanisms of occurrence and development in pain still need further study in the future. In conclusion, although more deep researches are needed, these studies indicate that IGF/IGF-1R signal pathway is a promising therapeutic target for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Shiqian Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Daling Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Shaofang Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
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10
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Dehghani K, Stanek A, Bagherabadi A, Atashi F, Beygi M, Hooshmand A, Hamedi P, Farhang M, Bagheri S, Zolghadri S. CCND1 Overexpression in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Promising Biomarker? Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1243. [PMID: 37372424 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy, a disorder of electrical or heart muscle function, represents a type of cardiac muscle failure and culminates in severe heart conditions. The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is higher than that of other types (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy) and causes many deaths. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is a type of DCM with an unknown underlying cause. This study aims to analyze the gene network of IDCM patients to identify disease biomarkers. Data were first extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset and normalized based on the RMA algorithm (Bioconductor package), and differentially expressed genes were identified. The gene network was mapped on the STRING website, and the data were transferred to Cytoscape software to determine the top 100 genes. In the following, several genes, including VEGFA, IGF1, APP, STAT1, CCND1, MYH10, and MYH11, were selected for clinical studies. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 14 identified IDCM patients and 14 controls. The RT-PCR results revealed no significant differences in the expression of the genes APP, MYH10, and MYH11 between the two groups. By contrast, the STAT1, IGF1, CCND1, and VEGFA genes were overexpressed in patients more than in controls. The highest expression was found for VEGFA, followed by CCND1 (p < 0.001). Overexpression of these genes may contribute to disease progression in patients with IDCM. However, more patients and genes need to be analyzed in order to achieve more robust results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Dehghani
- Department of Cardiology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom 7414846199, Iran
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Arash Bagherabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5619911367, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atashi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom 7414846199, Iran
| | - Mohammad Beygi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
| | - Amirreza Hooshmand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1916893813, Iran
| | - Pezhman Hamedi
- Research Center, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom 7414846199, Iran
| | - Mohsen Farhang
- Molecular Study and Diagnostic Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom 7414846199, Iran
| | - Soghra Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran
| | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom 7414785318, Iran
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11
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Yuan S, Merino J, Larsson SC. Causal factors underlying diabetes risk informed by Mendelian randomisation analysis: evidence, opportunities and challenges. Diabetologia 2023; 66:800-812. [PMID: 36786839 PMCID: PMC10036461 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications cause a heavy disease burden globally. Identifying exposures, risk factors and molecular processes causally associated with the development of diabetes can provide important evidence bases for disease prevention and spur novel therapeutic strategies. Mendelian randomisation (MR), an epidemiological approach that uses genetic instruments to infer causal associations between an exposure and an outcome, can be leveraged to complement evidence from observational and clinical studies. This narrative review aims to summarise the evidence on potential causal risk factors for diabetes by integrating published MR studies on type 1 and 2 diabetes, and to reflect on future perspectives of MR studies on diabetes. Despite the genetic influence on type 1 diabetes, few MR studies have been conducted to identify causal exposures or molecular processes leading to increased disease risk. In type 2 diabetes, MR analyses support causal associations of somatic, mental and lifestyle factors with development of the disease. These studies have also identified biomarkers, some of them derived from the gut microbiota, and molecular processes leading to increased disease risk. These studies provide valuable data to better understand disease pathophysiology and explore potential therapeutic targets. Because genetic association studies have mostly been restricted to participants of European descent, multi-ancestry cohorts are needed to examine the role of different types of physical activity, dietary components, metabolites, protein biomarkers and gut microbiome in diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jordi Merino
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Shitole SG, Naveed M, Wang Z, Wang T, Kato Y, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Kaplan RC, Tien PC, Anastos K, Lazar JM, Lima JAC, Qi Q, Kizer JR. Metabolomic Profiling of Cardiac Fibrosis and Steatosis in Women With or at Risk for HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 92:162-172. [PMID: 36215981 PMCID: PMC9839486 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is a prevalent disorder whose prognosis remains poor despite advances in treatment. Women with or at risk for HIV may be particularly susceptible, yet the metabolic pathways that promote myocardial disease and heart failure in this context remain incompletely characterized. METHODS To evaluate the metabolomic signatures of cardiac magnetic resonance measured phenotypes, we used available plasma metabolomic measures from participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Our primary outcomes were myocardial extracellular volume fraction (MECV) and intramyocardial triglyceride content (IMTG). We applied partial least squares and identified the top 10 lipid and polar metabolites associated with MECV and IMTG. We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate these metabolites' individual associations with each phenotype. RESULTS The mean age of participants (n = 153) was 53 ± 7, 93% were Black or Hispanic, and 74% were HIV positive. Phenylacetylglutamine, a microbial metabolite, was positively associated with MECV after full adjustment and false discovery rate correction. Three phosphatidylcholine species, N-acetylaspartic acid, and a lysophosphatidylcholine species were inversely associated with IMTG, while prolylglycine, methionine sulfoxide, sphingosine, taurine, and phosphorylcholine were positively associated with this phenotype. We found no evidence of interaction by HIV for the observed associations, but there was effect modification by hepatitis C virus of taurine's and phosphorylcholine's associations with IMTG. CONCLUSION Among women with or at risk for HIV, we related various lipid and polar metabolites to cardiac fibrosis or steatosis, of which phenylacetylglutamine, N-acetylaspartic acid, and prolylglycine are novel. These findings implicate plausible mechanisms that could be targetable for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyog G. Shitole
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mahim Naveed
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Tao Wang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Yoko Kato
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Phyllis C. Tien
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | - Qibin Qi
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jorge R. Kizer
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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13
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Schooling CM, Zhao JV. Insights into Causal Cardiovascular Risk Factors from Mendelian Randomization. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:67-76. [PMID: 36640254 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes major insights into causal risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) by using Mendelian randomization (MR) to obtain unconfounded estimates, contextualized within its strengths and weaknesses. RECENT FINDINGS MR studies have confirmed the role of major CVD risk factors, including alcohol, smoking, adiposity, blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, lipids, and possibly inflammation, but added that the relation with alcohol is likely linear, confirmed the role of diastolic blood pressure, identified apolipoprotein B as the major target lipid, and foreshadowed results of some trials concerning anti-inflammatories. Identifying a healthy diet and the role of early life influences, such as birth weight, has proved more difficult. Use of MR has winnowed empirically driven hypotheses about CVD into a set of genetically validated targets of intervention. Greater inclusion of global diversity in genetic studies and the use of an overarching framework would enable even more informative MR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Schooling
- School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, 55 West 125th St, NY, 10027, New York, USA. .,School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - J V Zhao
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Yang G, Schooling CM. Investigating sex-specific associations of lipid traits with type 2 diabetes, glycemic traits and sex hormones using Mendelian randomization. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:3. [PMID: 36624450 PMCID: PMC9830908 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol is positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and inversely associated with type 2 diabetes, which could detract from lipid modification. Here, we examined whether lipid traits potentially relevant to CVD aetiology, i.e. apolipoprotein B (apoB), triglycerides (TG) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] exhibited the same associations. We investigated sex-specifically, including the role of sex hormones, because sex disparities exist in lipid profile and type 2 diabetes. We also replicated where possible. METHODS We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine sex-specific associations of apoB, TG and Lp(a) with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, testosterone and estradiol in the largest relevant sex-specific genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in people of European ancestry and replicated where possible. We also assessed sex-specific associations of liability to type 2 diabetes with apoB, TG and Lp(a). RESULTS Genetically predicted apoB and Lp(a) had little association with type 2 diabetes or glycemic traits in women or men. Genetically predicted higher TG was associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.44 per standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26 to 1.65], HbA1c and fasting insulin specifically in women. Higher TG was associated with lower testosterone in women and higher testosterone in men, but with lower estradiol in men and women. Genetic liability to type 2 diabetes was associated with higher TG in women, and possibly with lower apoB in men. CONCLUSIONS Lipid traits potentially relevant to CVD aetiology do not exhibit contrasting associations with CVD and type 2 diabetes. However, higher TG is associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk and glycemic traits, which in turn further increases TG specifically in women, possibly driven by sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyi Yang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, USA.
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15
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Jiang S, Xu Z, Shi Y, Liang S, Jiang X, Xiao M, Wang K, Ding L. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 and risk of lung diseases: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1126397. [PMID: 36936149 PMCID: PMC10020499 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1126397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) display a vital role in in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, however, the relationship between circulating IGF-1 and lung disease remains unclear. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the serum levels of IGF-1 and the outcomes data of lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were screened from the public genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was then performed to assess the independent impact of IGF-1 exposure on these lung diseases. RESULTS Totally, 416 SNPs related to circulating IGF-1 levels among 358,072 participants in UK Biobank. According to a primary casual effects model with MR analyses by the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, the circulating IGF-1 was demonstrated a significantly related with the risk of asthma (OR, 0.992; 95% CI, 0.985-0.999, P=0.0324), while circulating IGF-1 showed no significant correlation with CODP (OR, 1.000; 95% CI, 0.999-1.001, P=0.758), lung cancer (OR, 0.979, 95% CI, 0.849-1.129, P=0.773), as well as IPIGFF (OR, 1.100, 95% CI, 0.794-1.525, P=0.568). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that circulating IGF-1 may be causally related to lower risk of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujing Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Yueli Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Sibei Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Xinyuan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Mingshu Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang, ; Liren Ding,
| | - Liren Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Wang, ; Liren Ding,
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16
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Macvanin M, Gluvic Z, Radovanovic J, Essack M, Gao X, Isenovic ER. New insights on the cardiovascular effects of IGF-1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1142644. [PMID: 36843588 PMCID: PMC9947133 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular (CV) disorders are steadily increasing, making them the world's most prevalent health issue. New research highlights the importance of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) for maintaining CV health. METHODS We searched PubMed and MEDLINE for English and non-English articles with English abstracts published between 1957 (when the first report on IGF-1 identification was published) and 2022. The top search terms were: IGF-1, cardiovascular disease, IGF-1 receptors, IGF-1 and microRNAs, therapeutic interventions with IGF-1, IGF-1 and diabetes, IGF-1 and cardiovascular disease. The search retrieved original peer-reviewed articles, which were further analyzed, focusing on the role of IGF-1 in pathophysiological conditions. We specifically focused on including the most recent findings published in the past five years. RESULTS IGF-1, an anabolic growth factor, regulates cell division, proliferation, and survival. In addition to its well-known growth-promoting and metabolic effects, there is mounting evidence that IGF-1 plays a specialized role in the complex activities that underpin CV function. IGF-1 promotes cardiac development and improves cardiac output, stroke volume, contractility, and ejection fraction. Furthermore, IGF-1 mediates many growth hormones (GH) actions. IGF-1 stimulates contractility and tissue remodeling in humans to improve heart function after myocardial infarction. IGF-1 also improves the lipid profile, lowers insulin levels, increases insulin sensitivity, and promotes glucose metabolism. These findings point to the intriguing medicinal potential of IGF-1. Human studies associate low serum levels of free or total IGF-1 with an increased risk of CV and cerebrovascular illness. Extensive human trials are being conducted to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and outcomes of IGF-1-related therapy. DISCUSSION We anticipate the development of novel IGF-1-related therapy with minimal side effects. This review discusses recent findings on the role of IGF-1 in the cardiovascular (CVD) system, including both normal and pathological conditions. We also discuss progress in therapeutic interventions aimed at targeting the IGF axis and provide insights into the epigenetic regulation of IGF-1 mediated by microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Mirjana Macvanin,
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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17
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Gardner EJ, Kentistou KA, Stankovic S, Lockhart S, Wheeler E, Day FR, Kerrison ND, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, O'Rahilly S, Ong KK, Perry JRB. Damaging missense variants in IGF1R implicate a role for IGF-1 resistance in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. CELL GENOMICS 2022; 2:None. [PMID: 36530175 PMCID: PMC9750938 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heritable metabolic disorder. While population studies have identified hundreds of common genetic variants associated with T2D, the role of rare (frequency < 0.1%) protein-coding variation is less clear. We performed exome sequence analysis in 418,436 (n = 32,374 T2D cases) individuals in the UK Biobank. We identified previously reported genes (GCK, GIGYF1, HNF1A) in addition to missense variants in ZEB2 (n = 31 carriers; odds ratio [OR] = 5.5 [95% confidence interval = 2.5-12.0]; p = 6.4 × 10-7), MLXIPL (n = 245; OR = 2.3 [1.6-3.2]; p = 3.2 × 10-7), and IGF1R (n = 394; OR = 2.4 [1.8-3.2]; p = 1.3 × 10-10). Carriers of damaging missense variants within IGF1R were also shorter (-2.2 cm [-1.8 to -2.7]; p = 1.2 × 10-19) and had higher circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) protein levels (2.3 nmol/L [1.7-2.9]; p = 2.8 × 10-14), indicating relative IGF-1 resistance. A likely causal role of IGF-1 resistance was supported by Mendelian randomization analyses using common variants. These results increase understanding of the genetic architecture of T2D and highlight the growth hormone/IGF-1 axis as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stasa Stankovic
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Lockhart
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola D Kerrison
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Wang W, Tesfay EB, van Klinken JB, Willems van Dijk K, Bartke A, van Heemst D, Noordam R. Clustered Mendelian randomization analyses identify distinct and opposing pathways in the association between genetically influenced insulin-like growth factor-1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1874-1885. [PMID: 35656699 PMCID: PMC9749721 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is inconsistent evidence for the causal role of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration in the pathogenesis of human age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we investigated the association between IGF-1 and T2D using (clustered) Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses in the UK Biobank. METHODS We conducted Cox proportional hazard analyses in 451 232 European-ancestry individuals of the UK Biobank (55.3% women, mean age at recruitment 56.6 years), among which 13 247 individuals developed type 2 diabetes during up to 12 years of follow-up. In addition, we conducted two-sample MR analyses based on independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with IGF-1. Given the heterogeneity between the MR effect estimates of individual instruments (P-value for Q statistic = 4.03e-145), we also conducted clustered MR analyses. Biological pathway analyses of the identified clusters were performed by over-representation analyses. RESULTS In the Cox proportional hazard models, with IGF-1 concentrations stratified in quintiles, we observed that participants in the lowest quintile had the highest relative risk of type 2 diabetes [hazard ratio (HR): 1.31; 95% CI: 1.23-1.39). In contrast, in the two-sample MR analyses, higher genetically influenced IGF-1 was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Based on the heterogeneous distribution of MR effect estimates of individual instruments, six clusters of genetically determined IGF-1 associated either with a lower or a higher risk of type 2 diabetes were identified. The main clusters in which a higher IGF-1 was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes consisted of instruments mapping to genes in the growth hormone signalling pathway, whereas the main clusters in which a higher IGF-1 was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes consisted of instruments mapping to genes in pathways related to amino acid metabolism and genomic integrity. CONCLUSIONS The IGF-1-associated SNPs used as genetic instruments in MR analyses showed a heterogeneous distribution of MR effect estimates on the risk of type 2 diabetes. This was likely explained by differences in the underlying molecular pathways that increase IGF-1 concentration and differentially mediate the effects of IGF-1 on type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ephrem Baraki Tesfay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Bert van Klinken
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Larsson SC, Michaëlsson K, Mola-Caminal M, Höijer J, Mantzoros CS. Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomization study of fibroblast growth factor 21 reveals causal associations with hyperlipidemia and possibly NASH. Metabolism 2022; 137:155329. [PMID: 36208799 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatokine that produces metabolic benefits, such as improvements of lipid profile. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with circulating FGF21 and investigated the causal effects of FGF21 on pertinent outcomes using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS We conducted a GWAS testing ∼7.8 million DNA sequence variants with circulating FGF21 in a discovery cohort of 6259 Swedish adults with replication in 4483 Swedish women. We then performed two-sample MR analyses of genetically predicted circulating FGF21 in relation to alcohol and nutrient intake, cardiovascular and metabolic biomarkers and diseases, and liver function biomarkers using publicly available GWAS summary statistics data. RESULTS Our GWAS identified multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms with genome-wide significant associations (P < 5 × 10-8) with circulating FGF21 on chromosomes 2 and 19 in or near the GCKR and FGF21 genes, respectively. The strongest signal at the FGF21 locus (rs2548957, β = 0.181, P < 2.18 × 10-42) displayed in two-sample MR analyses robust associations with lower alcohol intake, lower circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and galectin-3 concentrations, and higher circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and alkaline phosphatase concentrations after correcting for multiple testing (P < 0.0018) whereas associations with fat mass, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease were largely null. CONCLUSIONS We identified robust associations of certain genetic variants in or near the GCKR and FGF21 genes with circulating FGF21 concentrations. Furthermore, our results support a strong causal effect of FGF21 on improved lipid profile, reduced alcohol consumption and C-reactive protein concentrations, and liver function biomarkers including fibrosis. We found largely null or weak positive associations with fat mass, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease as well as higher insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations, which could indicate a compensatory increase to regulate the above FGF21 resistant states in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Mola-Caminal
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Höijer
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Levels and Migraine Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Neurol Ther 2022; 11:1677-1689. [PMID: 36048332 PMCID: PMC9588118 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-022-00398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preclinical studies have indicated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of migraines. We aimed to investigate the causal effect of circulating IGF1 levels on migraine risk using the two-sample Mendelian randomization method. METHODS A total of 431 independent variants from 363,228 unrelated individuals in the UK Biobank were used as genetic instruments for circulating IGF1 levels. Summary-level data for migraines were obtained from two independent studies with 10,536 and 28,852 migraine cases, respectively. RESULTS Mendelian randomization using inverse-variance weighting showed that increased IGF1 levels were significantly associated with decreased risk of migraines in both outcome datasets (odds ratio 0.905, 95% confidence interval 0.842-0.972, p = 0.006; odds ratio 0.929, 95% confidence interval 0.882-0.979, p = 0.006). Although some other robust Mendelian randomization methods did not demonstrate a significant association, no unbalanced horizontal pleiotropy was found by Mendelian randomization-Egger regression (p values for horizontal pleiotropy 0.232 and 0.435). The effect was confirmed in additional analyses including multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses. CONCLUSION This two-sample Mendelian randomization study showed that genetically determined increased IGF1 levels are causally associated with decreased migraine risk. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm the benefits of IGF1 administration on migraines.
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21
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Zakirova AN, Zakirova NE, Nizamova DF. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and Myocardial Remodeling in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure of Ischemic Origin. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2022-10-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To study the presence and nature of correlations between the level of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and structural and functional parameters of the heart in the development of myocardial remodeling and fibrosis in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) of ischemic origin.Material and methods. The study included 120 men with class II-IV CHF who have history of myocardial infarction, which are divided into 3 groups depending on the CHF class. The control group included 25 healthy men. Assessment of left ventricular (LV) structural-functional state was carried out by echocardiography. Investigation of IGF-1 and N-terminal precursor indices of cerebral natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) was performed by enzyme immunoassay.Results. Patients with class II CHF were hyperexpression of IGF-1, with class III CHF were registered low-normal level, with class IV CHF was established a deficiency of IGF-1. The most significant structural-geometric rearrangement of LV and significant deficit of IGF-1 recorded in patients with class IV CHF (95,6±7,02 ng/ml with class IV CHF versus 178,3±11,36 ng/ml and 124,3±9,14 ng/ml with class II and III CHF; р<0,05). In patients of class III-IV CHF, correlation relationships between IGF-1 level and echocardiographic parameters (LV myocardial mass index are established: r=-0,59, p=0,05; end systolic volume index: r=-0,55, p=0,05; value of LV ejection fraction: r=0,61, p=0,05). Significant negative correlation are established in patients with class III-IV CHF between IGF-1 level and NT-pro BNP levels (r=-0,51; р=0,05).Conclusion. The intensity of myocardial remodeling and fibrosis processes in patients with a progressive course of CHF is related to deficit of IGF-1 and is associated with a high level of activity of natriuretic peptides.
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22
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Park S, Lee S, Kim Y, Lee Y, Kang MW, Kim K, Kim YC, Han SS, Lee H, Lee JP, Joo KW, Lim CS, Kim YS, Kim DK. Serum bilirubin and kidney function: a Mendelian randomization study. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:1755-1762. [PMID: 36003670 PMCID: PMC9394720 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Further investigation is needed to determine the causal effects of serum bilirubin on the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods This study is a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Among the well-known single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to serum bilirubin levels, rs4149056 in the SLCO1B1 gene was selected as the genetic instrument for single-variant MR analysis, as it was found to be less related to possible confounders than other SNPs. The association between genetic predisposition for bilirubin levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or CKD was assessed in 337 129 individuals of white British ancestry from the UK Biobank cohort. Two-sample MR based on summary-level data was also performed. SNPs related to total or direct bilirubin levels were collected from a previous genome-wide association study and confounder-associated SNPs were discarded. The independent CKDGen meta-analysis data for CKD were employed as the outcome summary statistics. Results The alleles of rs4149056 associated with higher bilirubin levels were associated with better kidney function in the UK Biobank data. In the summary-level MR, both of the genetically predicted total bilirubin {per 5 µmol/L increase; odds ratio [OR] 0.931 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.871-0.995]} and direct bilirubin [per 1 µmol/L increase; OR 0.910 (95% CI 0.834-0.993)] levels were significantly associated with a lower risk of CKD, supported by the causal estimates from various MR sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Genetic predisposition for higher serum bilirubin levels is associated with better kidney function. This result suggests that higher serum bilirubin levels may have causal protective effects against kidney function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yaerim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yeonhee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Woo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Seok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwon Wook Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Kern-Matschilles S, Gar C, Schilbach K, Haschka SJ, Rauch B, Then C, Seissler J, Bidlingmaier M, Lechner A. Altered Circulating Leptin, hGH, and IGF-I in Prediabetes and Screening-Diagnosed T2DM Unrelated to Metabolic Syndrome in Women Post Gestational Diabetes. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:613-619. [PMID: 35556239 DOI: 10.1055/a-1850-5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we proposed two pathophysiologic subtypes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one related and one unrelated to metabolic syndrome. To begin to understand the pathophysiology of the subtype unrelated to metabolic syndrome, we now measured selected hormones and signaling molecules in affected individuals. In this cross-sectional analysis, we examined 138 women out of the monocenter, post gestational diabetes study PPSDiab. Of these women, 73 had prediabetes or screening-diagnosed T2DM, 40 related to metabolic syndrome and 33 unrelated. The remaining 65 women were normoglycemic controls. Our analysis included medical history, anthropometrics, oral glucose tolerance testing, laboratory chemistry, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. In addition, plasma proinsulin/insulin ratio, growth hormone (hGH) nadir during oral glucose tolerance testing, Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), Leptin, Resistin, Adiponectin, Fetuin-a, FGF21, and myostatin were measured. Compared to controls, women with prediabetes or screening-diagnosed T2DM unrelated to metabolic syndrome depicted higher plasma Leptin [10.47(6.6-14.57) vs. 5.52(3.15-10.02); p<0.0001] and IGF-I [193.01(171.00-213.30) vs. 167.97(138.77-200.64); p=0.0008], as well as a lower hGH nadir [0.07(0.05-0.15) vs. 0.14(0.08-0.22; p<0.0001]. These differences were independent of body adiposity. Women with prediabetes or T2DM related to metabolic syndrome, in comparison to controls, displayed elevated Leptin, Fetuin-a, and FGF21, as well as reduced Adiponectin and hGH nadir. Based on our study, altered Leptin and hGH/IGF-I signaling could potentially contribute to the pathophysiology of prediabetes and T2DM unrelated to metabolic syndrome. Further mechanistic investigations of these signaling pathways in the context of lean T2DM are necessary to test causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kern-Matschilles
- Diabetes Research Group, LMU Klinikum München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- (DZD), German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Gar
- Diabetes Research Group, LMU Klinikum München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- (DZD), German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schilbach
- Endocrine Research Unit, LMU Klinikum München, Medizinische Klinik IV, München, Germany
| | - Stefanie Julia Haschka
- Diabetes Research Group, LMU Klinikum München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- (DZD), German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Rauch
- Diabetes Research Group, LMU Klinikum München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- (DZD), German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Then
- Diabetes Research Group, LMU Klinikum München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- (DZD), German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Diabetes Research Group, LMU Klinikum München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- (DZD), German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Endocrine Research Unit, LMU Klinikum München, Medizinische Klinik IV, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Lechner
- Clinical Research Group, LMU Klinikum München, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 4, München, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- (DZD), German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
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24
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Soliman GA, Schooling CM. Insulin Receptor Genetic Variants Causal Association with Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac044. [PMID: 35611355 PMCID: PMC9121804 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a prevalent chronic disease associated with several comorbidities. Objectives This study investigated whether the risk of T2D varied with genetically predicted insulin (INS), insulin receptor (INS-R), or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) using genetic variants in a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods A 2-sample MR study was conducted using summary statistics from 2 genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Genetic predictors of the exposures (INS, INS-R, and IGF-1R) were obtained from a publicly available proteomics GWAS of the INTERVAL randomized controlled trial of blood donation in the United Kingdom. For T2D, the study leveraged the DIAbetes Meta-ANalysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) consortium. The estimated associations of INS, INS-R, and IGF-1R proteins with T2D were based on independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly (P < 5 × 10-6) predicting each exposure. These SNPs were applied to publicly available genetic associations with T2D from the DIAMANTE case (n = 74,124) and control (n = 824,006) study of people of European descent. SNP-specific Wald estimates were meta-analyzed using inverse variance weighting with multiplicative random effects. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the weighted median (WM) and MR-Egger. Results INS-R (based on 13 SNPs) was associated with a lower risk of T2D (OR: 0.95 per effect size; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.98; P = 0.001), with similar estimates from the WM and MR-Egger. Insulin (8 SNPs) and IGF-1R (10 SNPs) were not associated with T2D. However, 1 of the SNPs for INS-R was from the ABO blood group gene. Conclusions This study is consistent with a causally protective association of the INS-R with T2D. INS-R in RBCs regulates glycolysis and thus may affect their functionality and integrity. However, a pleiotropic effect via the blood group ABO gene cannot be excluded. The INS-R may be a target for intervention by repurposing existing therapeutics or otherwise to reduce the risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Soliman
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, The City University of New York, Graduate School of Public Health, and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Mary Schooling
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, The City University of New York, Graduate School of Public Health, and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Meshkini F, Ramezani‐Jolfaie N, Sargazi S, Clark CC, Soltani S. The effects of lycopene supplementation on
insulin‐like
growth factor‐1 and
insulin‐like
growth factor binding proteins: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1633-1643. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Meshkini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Student Research Committee Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Nahid Ramezani‐Jolfaie
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Faculty Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare Coventry University Coventry UK
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non‐communicable Diseases Research Institute Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
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26
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Sun Q, Graff M, Rowland B, Wen J, Huang L, Miller-Fleming TW, Haessler J, Preuss MH, Chai JF, Lee MP, Avery CL, Cheng CY, Franceschini N, Sim X, Cox NJ, Kooperberg C, North KE, Li Y, Raffield LM. Analyses of biomarker traits in diverse UK biobank participants identify associations missed by European-centric analysis strategies. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:87-93. [PMID: 34376796 PMCID: PMC8792153 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the dramatic underrepresentation of non-European populations in human genetics studies, researchers continue to exclude participants of non-European ancestry, as well as variants rare in European populations, even when these data are available. This practice perpetuates existing research disparities and can lead to important and large effect size associations being missed. Here, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 31 serum and urine biomarker quantitative traits in African (n = 9354), East Asian (n = 2559), and South Asian (n = 9823) ancestry UK Biobank (UKBB) participants. We adjusted for all known GWAS catalog variants for each trait, as well as novel signals identified in a recent European ancestry-focused analysis of UKBB participants. We identify 7 novel signals in African ancestry and 2 novel signals in South Asian ancestry participants (p < 1.61E-10). Many of these signals are highly plausible, including a cis pQTL for the gene encoding gamma-glutamyl transferase and PIEZO1 and G6PD variants with impacts on HbA1c through likely erythrocytic mechanisms. This work illustrates the importance of using the genetic data we already have in diverse populations, with novel discoveries possible in even modest sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bryce Rowland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Le Huang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tyne W Miller-Fleming
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Moa P Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Center of Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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27
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Causal Roles of Sleep Duration in Osteoporosis and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6819644. [PMID: 36277903 PMCID: PMC9586149 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6819644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sleep duration suggests some association with osteoporosis and cardiometabolic diseases, but it is unknown if these associations are causal or confounded. In this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, we included the largest genome-wide association studies (GWASs) associated with sleep duration and the outcome measures of osteoporosis and cardiometabolic diseases. Finally, 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with short sleep duration and 7 SNPs associated with long sleep duration obtained the genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) and were used as instrumental variables. Genetic predisposition to short sleep duration was strongly associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (beta-estimate: 0.199, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.081 to 0.317, standard error SE:0.060, P value = 0.001) and heart failure (beta-estimate: 0.145, 95% CI: 0.025 to 0.264, SE:0.061, P value = 0.017), which were both confirmed by the sensitivity analyses. Both short and long sleep duration may reduce the estimated bone mineral density (eBMD, beta-estimate: -0.086, 95% CI: -0.141 to -0.031, SE:0.028, P value = 0.002 for short sleep duration; beta-estimate: -0.080, 95% CI: -0.120 to -0.041, SE:0.020, P value < 0.0001 for long sleep duration). There was limited evidence of associations between sleep duration and fracture, type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, or HbA1c. This study provides robust evidence that short sleep duration is causally associated with high risk of coronary artery disease and heart failure and suggests that short sleep duration should be avoided to prevent these two cardiovascular diseases. Short and long sleep duration show some MR association with reduced eBMD, which indicates that both short and long sleep duration may be prevented to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis.
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28
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Papier K, Knuppel A, Perez-Cornago A, Watts EL, Tong TYN, Schmidt JA, Allen N, Key TJ, Travis RC. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of 25 common conditions: outcome-wide analyses in the UK Biobank study. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:25-34. [PMID: 34746972 PMCID: PMC8791904 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While there is strong epidemiological evidence that circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is associated with a higher risk of several cancers, little is known about its association with non-cancer outcomes. We investigated associations of circulating IGF-I with risk of 25 common conditions, other than cancer, in a large British cohort. Study participants were 318,749 middle-aged adults enrolled in the UK Biobank Study. Serum IGF-I concentration was measured in samples collected at baseline (2006-2010), and re-measured in 12,334 participants after an average of 4.3 years. We followed-up participants over an average of 11.5 years by linking to hospital admissions and mortality registries. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressions estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between circulating IGF-I and 25 common conditions, using the repeated IGF-I measurements to correct for regression dilution bias. After correction for multiple testing (P < 0.002), IGF-I was positively associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (HR per 5 nmol/l higher concentration = 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.16), and inversely associated with varicose veins (0.90, 0.85-0.95), cataracts (0.97, 0.95-0.99), diabetes (0.92, 0.90-0.95), and iron deficiency anaemia (0.90, 0.86-0.93). The associations for cataracts and diabetes attenuated when restricted to cases diagnosed after five or more years of follow-up, suggesting that these associations were likely affected by reverse causality. Higher IGF-I concentration might be associated with the risk for several conditions, but genetic studies are needed to clarify which associations may be causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Anika Knuppel
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Eleanor L Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Tammy Y N Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Julie A Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Naomi Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
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He B, Xia L, Zhao J, Yin L, Zhang M, Quan Z, Ou Y, Huang W. Causal Effect of Serum Magnesium on Osteoporosis and Cardiometabolic Diseases. Front Nutr 2021; 8:738000. [PMID: 34926542 PMCID: PMC8681341 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.738000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum magnesium is associated with osteoporosis and cardiometabolic diseases, but their causal associations remain elusive. We used the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the causal roles of serum magnesium on osteoporosis and cardiometabolic diseases by using the aggregated genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, p < 5 × 10-8) associated with serum magnesium concentrations were all used as instrumental variables. A genetic predisposition to higher serum magnesium concentrations was inversely associated with lower lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD, beta-estimate: -1.982, 95% CI: -3.328 to -0.635, SE: 0.687, p = 0.004), which was further confirmed by multiple sensitivity analyses. There was limited evidence of associations between serum magnesium and type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. This work provided strong evidence that genetically increased serum magnesium concentrations were causally associated with low lumbar spine BMD and suggested that serum magnesium concentrations may be crucial to prevent osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lifeng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muzi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengxue Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Yuan S, Larsson SC. Genetically predicted insulin-like growth factor-I in relation to muscle mass and strength. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 95:800-805. [PMID: 34293202 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been associated with muscle status in animal- and population-based studies. We conducted a Mendelian randomisation study to assess the causality of the associations of IGF-I with muscle strength and mass. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Genetic variants associated with serum IGF-I at genome-wide significance in the UK Biobank study (358,072 individuals of European descent) were selected as instrumental variables. Summary-level data on the associations of those variants with muscle weakness (low-grip strength) and muscle mass (fat-free body mass) were available from a meta-analysis of 22 genome-wide association studies including 46,596 cases and 209,927 noncases and genome-wide association analysis in 155,961 individuals from the UK Biobank study, respectively. The univariable and multivariable inverse-variance weighted methods were used. RESULTS Higher genetically predicted IGF-I levels were associated with a reduced risk of muscle weakness and increased muscle mass. For one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted IGF-I levels, the odds ratio was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88, 0.97; p = .001) for muscle weakness and the change was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.79; p < .001) kg for muscle mass. In the multivariable model with adjustment for genetically predicted height, the associations were attenuated but persisted for both muscle weakness (odds ratio: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.99; p = .015) and muscle mass (change: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.40; p = .001). CONCLUSION This study suggests that high IGF-I levels may decrease the risk of muscle weakness and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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31
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Sewell MDE, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Shen X, Edmondson-Stait AJ, Green C, Adams MJ, Rifai OM, McIntosh AM, Lyall DM, Whalley HC, Lawrie SM. Associations between major psychiatric disorder polygenic risk scores and blood-based markers in UK biobank. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:32-41. [PMID: 34107350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and bipolar disorder (BD) have both shared and discrete genetic risk factors, and are associated with peripheral abnormalities. The relationships between such genetic architectures and blood-based markers are, however, unclear. We investigated relationships between polygenic risk scores (PRS) for these disorders and peripheral markers in the UK Biobank cohort. We calculated polygenic risk scores for n = 367,329 (MDD PRS), n = 366,465 (SCZ PRS), and n = 366,383 (BD PRS) UK Biobank cohort subjects. We then examined associations between disorder PRS and 58 inflammatory/immune, hematological, bone, cardiovascular, hormone, liver, renal and diabetes-associated blood markers using two generalized linear regression models: 'minimally adjusted' controlling for variables such as age and sex, and 'fully adjusted' including additional lifestyle covariates: BMI, alcohol and smoking status, and medication intake. There were 38/58 MDD PRS, 32/58 SCZ PRS, and 20/58 BD PRS-blood marker associations detected for our minimally adjusted model. Of these, 13/38 (MDD PRS), 14/32 (SCZ PRS), and 10/20 (BD PRS) associations remained significant after controlling for lifestyle factors. Many were disorder-specific, with 8/13 unique MDD PRS associations identified. Several disorder-specific associations for MDD and SCZ were immune-related, with mostly positive and negative associations identified for MDD and SCZ PRS respectively. This study suggests that MDD, SCZ and BD have both shared and distinct peripheral markers associated with disorder-specific genetic risk. The results also implicate inflammatory dysfunction in MDD and SCZ, albeit with differences in patterns between the two conditions, and enrich our understanding of potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in major psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D E Sewell
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK.
| | - Lorena Jiménez-Sánchez
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Xueyi Shen
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Amelia J Edmondson-Stait
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Claire Green
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Olivia M Rifai
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Programme, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Donald M Lyall
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
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Zhang WB, Ye K, Barzilai N, Milman S. The antagonistic pleiotropy of insulin-like growth factor 1. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13443. [PMID: 34363732 PMCID: PMC8441393 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a well-established modulator of aging and longevity in model organisms, its role in humans has been controversial. In this study, we used the UK Biobank (n = 440,185) to resolve previous ambiguities in the relationship between serum IGF-1 levels and clinical disease. We examined prospective associations of serum IGF-1 with mortality, dementia, vascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer, finding two generalized patterns: First, IGF-1 interacts with age to modify risk in a manner consistent with antagonistic pleiotropy; younger individuals with high IGF-1 are protected from disease, while older individuals with high IGF-1 are at increased risk for incident disease or death. Second, the association between IGF-1 and risk is generally U-shaped, indicating that both high and low levels of IGF-1 may be detrimental. With the exception of a more uniformly positive relationship between IGF-1 and cancer, these effects were remarkably consistent across a wide range of conditions, providing evidence for a unifying pathway that determines risk for most age-associated diseases. These data suggest that IGF-1 signaling could be harmful in older adults, who may actually benefit from the attenuation of biological growth pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenny Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Yuan S, Wan ZH, Cheng SL, Michaëlsson K, Larsson SC. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, Bone Mineral Density, and Fracture: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1552-e1558. [PMID: 33462619 PMCID: PMC7993594 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The associations of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels with bone mineral density and fracture risk are inconclusive in observational studies. OBJECTIVE We conducted a mendelian randomization study to assess the associations of serum IGF-1 levels with estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) and fracture. METHODS Genetic instruments for IGF-1 were selected at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10-8) from a genome-wide association study including 358 072 individuals of European ancestry. Summary-level data for eBMD (426 824 individuals) and fracture (53 184 fracture cases and 373 611 noncases) were obtained from the UK Biobank study. Univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization analyses methods were used to estimate the associations of IGF-1 with eBMD and fracture. The main outcome measure included the change of eBMD and odds ratio of fracture per genetically predicted 1-SD increase of serum IGF-1 levels. RESULTS For 1-SD increase in IGF-1, the change of eBMD levels was 0.04 g/cm2 (95% CI, 0.01-0.07; P = .011) and the odds ratio of fracture was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.98; P = .003). The associations persisted with similar magnitude after adjustment for height. The association was consistent for fracture but not for eBMD after excluding genetic instruments that might directly influence these outcomes. The association between IGF-1 and fracture was somewhat attenuated after adjustment for eBMD (odds ratio 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99; P = .012). CONCLUSION The present study supports a role for IGF-1 in preventing fracture, possibly and partly mediated by greater bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zi-Hao Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi-Le Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: Susanna C. Larsson, PhD, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 14 B, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Stankovic S, R. Day F, Zhao Y, Langenberg C, J. Wareham N, R. B. Perry J, K. Ong K. Elucidating the genetic architecture underlying IGF1 levels and its impact on genomic instability and cancer risk. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16417.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) has been implicated in mitogenic and anti-apoptotic mechanisms that promote susceptibility to cancer development and growth. Previous epidemiological studies have described phenotypic associations between higher circulating levels of IGF1 in adults with higher risks for breast, prostate, ovarian, colorectal, melanoma and lung cancers. However, such evidence is prone to confounding and reverse causality. Furthermore, it is unclear whether IGF1 promotes only the survival and proliferation of cancerous cells, or also the malignant transformation of healthy cells. Methods: We perform a genome-wide association study in 428,525 white European ancestry individuals in the UK Biobank study (UKBB) and identify 831 independent genetic determinants of circulating IGF1 levels, double the number previously reported. Results: Collectively these signals explain ~7.5% of the variance in circulating IGF1 levels in EPIC-Norfolk, with individuals in the highest 10% of genetic risk exhibiting ~1 SD higher levels than those in the lowest 10%. Using a Mendelian randomization approach, we demonstrate that genetically higher circulating IGF1 levels are associated with greater likelihood of mosaic loss of chromosome Y in leukocytes in men in UKBB (OR per +1 SD = 1.038 (95% CI: 1.010-1.067), P=0.008) and 23andMe, Inc. (P=6.8×10-05), a biomarker of genomic instability involved in early tumorigenesis. Genetically higher IGF1 is also associated with higher risks for colorectal (OR = 1.126 (1.048-1.210), P=1.3×10-03) and breast cancer (OR= 1.075 (1.048-1.103), P=3.9×10-08), with similar effects on estrogen positive (ER+) (OR = 1.069 (1.037-1.102), P=2.3×10-05) and estrogen negative (ER-) (OR = 1.074 (1.025-1.125), P=3.9×10-08) subtypes. Conclusions: These findings give an insight into the genetic regulation of circulating IGF1 levels and support a causal role for IGF1 in early tumorigenesis and risks for breast and colorectal cancers.
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Geng T, Wang M, Li X, Zhou T, Ma H, Fonseca VA, Koh WP, Huang T, Heianza Y, Qi L. Birth weight modifies the relation between adulthood levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001885. [PMID: 33648986 PMCID: PMC7925240 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been implicated in fetal and early-life growth and development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to examine the interaction between circulating IGF-1 and birth weight in relation to risk of T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 181 090 adults, aged 39-70 years in the UK Biobank Study, who were free of diabetes or major cardiovascular diseases at baseline. Serum IGF-1 levels were determined using chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Birth weight was self-reported; a Genetic Risk Score (GRS) was calculated to define the genetically determined birth weight. The outcome was the incidence of T2D. RESULTS We identified 3299 incident T2D cases over an average of 9.9 years of follow-up. Among the participants with birth weight of ≥2.5 kg, IGF-1 levels were inversely associated with T2D risk in a dose-dependent manner (p-trend<0.001). In contrast, the association was not significant among those with birth weight of <2.5 kg (p-interaction=0.001). The GRS of birth weight did not interact with IGF-1 levels on T2D risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that birth weight significantly modifies the relation between adulthood levels of circulating IGF-1 and the risk of T2D. Our findings highlight the importance of early-life risk factors in the development of the lifecourse prevention strategies targeting IGF-1 and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Geng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vivian A Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Academy for Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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Larsson SC, Carter P, Vithayathil M, Kar S, Mason AM, Burgess S. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and site-specific cancers: A Mendelian randomization study. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6836-6842. [PMID: 32717139 PMCID: PMC7520358 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is involved in several processes relevant to carcinogenesis. We used 416 single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with serum IGF-1 levels to assess the potential causal associations between this hormone and site-specific cancers through Mendelian randomization. Summary-level genetic association estimates for prostate, breast, ovarian, and lung cancer were obtained from large-scale consortia including individuals of European-descent. Furthermore, we estimated genetic associations with 14 site-specific cancers in European-descent individuals in UK Biobank. Supplementary analyses were conducted for six site-specific cancers using summary-level data from the BioBank Japan Project. Genetically predicted serum IGF-1 levels were associated with colorectal cancer. The odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation increase of IGF-1 levels was 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.22; P = .03) in UK Biobank and 1.22 (95% CI 1.09-1.36; P = 3.9 × 10-4 ) in the BioBank Japan Project. For prostate cancer, the corresponding OR was 1.10 (95% CI 1.01-1.21; P = .04) in UK Biobank, 1.03 (95% CI 0.97-1.09; P = .41) in the prostate cancer consortium, and 1.08 (95% CI 0.95-1.22; P = .24) in the BioBank Japan Project. For breast cancer, the corresponding OR was 0.99 (95% CI 0.92-1.07; P = .85) in UK Biobank and 1.08 (95% CI 1.02-1.13; P = 4.4 × 10-3 ) in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. There was no statistically significant association between genetically predicted IGF-1 levels and 14 other cancers. This study found some support for a causal association between elevated serum IGF-1 levels and increased risk of colorectal cancer. There was inconclusive or no evidence of a causal association of IGF-1 levels with prostate, breast, and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C. Larsson
- Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional EpidemiologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Paul Carter
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Siddhartha Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Amy M. Mason
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology UnitDepartment of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Cambridge and Cambridge University HospitalsCambridgeUK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- MRC Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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