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Antonio J, Newmire DE, Stout JR, Antonio B, Gibbons M, Lowery LM, Harper J, Willoughby D, Evans C, Anderson D, Goldstein E, Rojas J, Monsalves-Álvarez M, Forbes SC, Gomez Lopez J, Ziegenfuss T, Moulding BD, Candow D, Sagner M, Arent SM. Common questions and misconceptions about caffeine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2323919. [PMID: 38466174 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2323919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is a popular ergogenic aid that has a plethora of evidence highlighting its positive effects. A Google Scholar search using the keywords "caffeine" and "exercise" yields over 200,000 results, emphasizing the extensive research on this topic. However, despite the vast amount of available data, it is intriguing that uncertainties persist regarding the effectiveness and safety of caffeine. These include but are not limited to: 1. Does caffeine dehydrate you at rest? 2. Does caffeine dehydrate you during exercise? 3. Does caffeine promote the loss of body fat? 4. Does habitual caffeine consumption influence the performance response to acute caffeine supplementation? 5. Does caffeine affect upper vs. lower body performance/strength differently? 6. Is there a relationship between caffeine and depression? 7. Can too much caffeine kill you? 8. Are there sex differences regarding caffeine's effects? 9. Does caffeine work for everyone? 10. Does caffeine cause heart problems? 11. Does caffeine promote the loss of bone mineral? 12. Should pregnant women avoid caffeine? 13. Is caffeine addictive? 14. Does waiting 1.5-2.0 hours after waking to consume caffeine help you avoid the afternoon "crash?" To answer these questions, we performed an evidence-based scientific evaluation of the literature regarding caffeine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Daniel E Newmire
- Texas Woman's University, Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- University of Central Florida, College of Health Professions and Sciences, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Brandi Antonio
- University of Central Florida, College of Health Professions and Sciences, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Lonnie M Lowery
- Nutrition, Exercise and Wellness Associates, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, USA
- Walsh University, Department of Exercise Science, North Canton, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Harper
- Walsh University, Department of Exercise Science, North Canton, OH, USA
| | - Darryn Willoughby
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
| | - Cassandra Evans
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Dawn Anderson
- Indiana Tech, Exercise and Sport Performance Laboratory, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Erica Goldstein
- Stetson University, Department of Health Sciences, Deland, FL, USA
| | - Jose Rojas
- Keiser University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
- Universidad de O´Higgins, Exercise Metabolism and Nutrition Laboratory. Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Rancagua, Chile
- Motion Human Performance Laboratory, Lo Barnechea, Chile
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Brandon University, Department of Physical Education Studies, CBrandon, MB, Canada
| | | | - Tim Ziegenfuss
- The Center for Applied Health Sciences, Canfield, OH, USA
| | - Blake D Moulding
- University of Regina, Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Darren Candow
- University of Regina, Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Regina, SK, Canada
| | | | - Shawn M Arent
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
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Zhao ZF, Li BY, He Q, Hao JY, Zhang KS, Zhang B, Hu W, Feng HT, Szeto IMY, Chen YM, Zhang GX, Tang XY. Impact of dairy supplementation on bone acquisition in children's limbs: a 12-month cluster-randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos 2024; 19:65. [PMID: 39043915 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-024-01422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The impact of milk on bone health in rural preschoolers is under-researched. This study, through a clinical trial and a meta-analysis, finds that milk supplementation enhances forearm and calcaneus bone acquisition in children, supporting the benefits of daily milk consumption. PURPOSE This study evaluated the impact of dairy supplementation on bone acquisition in children's limbs through a cluster-randomized controlled trial and a meta-analysis. METHODS The trial involved 315 children (4-6 year) from Northwest China, randomized to receive either 390 ml of milk daily (n = 215) or 20-30 g of bread (n = 100) over 12 months. We primarily assessed bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) changes at the limbs, alongside bone-related biomarkers, measured at baseline, the 6th and 12th months. The meta-analysis aggregated BMD or BMC changes in the forearm/legs/calcaneus from published randomized trials involving children aged 3-18 years supplemented with dairy foods (vs. control group). RESULTS Of 278 completed the trial, intention-to-treat analysis revealed significant increases in BMD (4.05% and 7.31%) and BMC (4.69% and 7.34%) in the left forearm at the 6th and 12th months in the milk group compared to controls (P < 0.001). The calcaneus showed notable improvements in BMD (2.01%) and BMC (1.87%) at 6 months but not at 12 months. Additionally, milk supplementation was associated with beneficial changes in bone resorption markers, parathyroid hormone (- 12.70%), insulin-like growth factor 1 (6.69%), and the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (2.22%) (all P < 0.05). The meta-analysis, encompassing 894 children, indicated that dairy supplementation significantly increased BMD (SMD, 0.629; 95%CI: 0.275, 0.983) and BMC (SMD, 0.616; 95%CI: 0.380, 0.851) (P < 0.05) in the arms, but not in the legs (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Milk supplementation significantly improves bone health in children's forearms, underscoring its potential as a strategic dietary intervention for bone development. Trial registration NCT05074836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fu Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Bang-Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin He
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jing-Yu Hao
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Kai-Shuai Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Tian Feng
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ge-Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Xin-Yi Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhu Z, Chen G, Yu S, Huang X, Lu X, Feng G, Yi M, Wang J, Liu Y, Chen L. Circadian clock disruption stimulates bone loss via regulatory T cell-Mediated regulation of IL-10 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112589. [PMID: 39032468 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including specific immune functions that enhance the body's ability to anticipate and respond to threats effectively. However, research on the impact of circadian rhythms on osteoimmunology remains limited. Our study uncovered that circadian disruption leads to bone mass loss by reducing the population of Treg cells in the bone marrow. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in serum IL-10 cytokine levels in jet lagged mice. In our current investigation, we explored the anti-osteoclastogenic effects of IL-10 and found that IL-10 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that the diminished anti-osteoclastogenic properties of Tregs under circadian disruption are mediated by IL-10 cytokine production. Moreover, our discoveries propose that administration of IL-10 or butyrate could potentially reverse bone mass loss in individuals experiencing jet lag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Demay MB, Pittas AG, Bikle DD, Diab DL, Kiely ME, Lazaretti-Castro M, Lips P, Mitchell DM, Murad MH, Powers S, Rao SD, Scragg R, Tayek JA, Valent AM, Walsh JME, McCartney CR. Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1907-1947. [PMID: 38828931 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies demonstrate associations between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and a variety of common disorders, including musculoskeletal, metabolic, cardiovascular, malignant, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. Although a causal link between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and many disorders has not been clearly established, these associations have led to widespread supplementation with vitamin D and increased laboratory testing for 25(OH)D in the general population. The benefit-risk ratio of this increase in vitamin D use is not clear, and the optimal vitamin D intake and the role of testing for 25(OH)D for disease prevention remain uncertain. OBJECTIVE To develop clinical guidelines for the use of vitamin D (cholecalciferol [vitamin D3] or ergocalciferol [vitamin D2]) to lower the risk of disease in individuals without established indications for vitamin D treatment or 25(OH)D testing. METHODS A multidisciplinary panel of clinical experts, along with experts in guideline methodology and systematic literature review, identified and prioritized 14 clinically relevant questions related to the use of vitamin D and 25(OH)D testing to lower the risk of disease. The panel prioritized randomized placebo-controlled trials in general populations (without an established indication for vitamin D treatment or 25[OH]D testing), evaluating the effects of empiric vitamin D administration throughout the lifespan, as well as in select conditions (pregnancy and prediabetes). The panel defined "empiric supplementation" as vitamin D intake that (a) exceeds the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and (b) is implemented without testing for 25(OH)D. Systematic reviews queried electronic databases for publications related to these 14 clinical questions. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess the certainty of evidence and guide recommendations. The approach incorporated perspectives from a patient representative and considered patient values, costs and resources required, acceptability and feasibility, and impact on health equity of the proposed recommendations. The process to develop this clinical guideline did not use a risk assessment framework and was not designed to replace current DRI for vitamin D. RESULTS The panel suggests empiric vitamin D supplementation for children and adolescents aged 1 to 18 years to prevent nutritional rickets and because of its potential to lower the risk of respiratory tract infections; for those aged 75 years and older because of its potential to lower the risk of mortality; for those who are pregnant because of its potential to lower the risk of preeclampsia, intra-uterine mortality, preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age birth, and neonatal mortality; and for those with high-risk prediabetes because of its potential to reduce progression to diabetes. Because the vitamin D doses in the included clinical trials varied considerably and many trial participants were allowed to continue their own vitamin D-containing supplements, the optimal doses for empiric vitamin D supplementation remain unclear for the populations considered. For nonpregnant people older than 50 years for whom vitamin D is indicated, the panel suggests supplementation via daily administration of vitamin D, rather than intermittent use of high doses. The panel suggests against empiric vitamin D supplementation above the current DRI to lower the risk of disease in healthy adults younger than 75 years. No clinical trial evidence was found to support routine screening for 25(OH)D in the general population, nor in those with obesity or dark complexion, and there was no clear evidence defining the optimal target level of 25(OH)D required for disease prevention in the populations considered; thus, the panel suggests against routine 25(OH)D testing in all populations considered. The panel judged that, in most situations, empiric vitamin D supplementation is inexpensive, feasible, acceptable to both healthy individuals and health care professionals, and has no negative effect on health equity. CONCLUSION The panel suggests empiric vitamin D for those aged 1 to 18 years and adults over 75 years of age, those who are pregnant, and those with high-risk prediabetes. Due to the scarcity of natural food sources rich in vitamin D, empiric supplementation can be achieved through a combination of fortified foods and supplements that contain vitamin D. Based on the absence of supportive clinical trial evidence, the panel suggests against routine 25(OH)D testing in the absence of established indications. These recommendations are not meant to replace the current DRIs for vitamin D, nor do they apply to people with established indications for vitamin D treatment or 25(OH)D testing. Further research is needed to determine optimal 25(OH)D levels for specific health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie B Demay
- Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anastassios G Pittas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Daniel D Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dima L Diab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Mairead E Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences and INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, T12 Y337, Ireland
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04220-00, Brazil
| | - Paul Lips
- Endocrine Section, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Internal Medicine, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Deborah M Mitchell
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - M Hassan Murad
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shelley Powers
- Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation, Los Gatos, CA 95032, USA
| | - Sudhaker D Rao
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone & Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - John A Tayek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
- The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Amy M Valent
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Judith M E Walsh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christopher R McCartney
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Nicol LE, Baines H, Koike S, Liu W, Orwoll E. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of bone age maturation during peri-pubertal growth in children with type I, III and IV osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone 2024; 187:117192. [PMID: 38969279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by changes in the expression or processing of type I collagen. Clinical manifestations include bone fragility, decreased linear growth, and skeletal deformities that vary in severity. In typically growing children, skeletal maturation proceeds in a predictable pattern of changes in the size, shape, and mineralization on the hand and wrist bones that can be followed radiographically known at the bone age. Assessment of bone age can be clinically used to assess time remaining for linear growth, and the onset and duration of puberty, both of which can be useful in determining the timing of some surgeries or the interpretation of other imaging modalities such as bone densitometry. Additionally, deviations in the expected maturation process of the bone age may prompt or assist in the work up of a significant delay or advancement in a child's growth pattern. The primary aim of our study was to determine whether the bone age in children with a skeletal disorder such as OI follow the same pattern and rate of bone maturation compared to a control population. Using participants from the Natural History Study of the Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium, we analyzed 159 left hand and wrist radiographs (bone age) for a cross-sectional analysis and 55 bone ages repeated at approximately 24 months for a longitudinal analysis of skeletal maturation. Bone ages were read by a pediatric endocrinologist and by an automated analysis using a program called BoneXpert. Our results demonstrated that in children with mild-to-moderate OI (types I and IV), the skeletal maturation is comparable to chronological age-mated controls. For those with more severe forms of OI (type III), there is a delayed pattern of skeletal maturation of less than a year (10.5 months CI 5.1-16) P = 0.0012) at baseline and a delayed rate of maturation over the two-year follow up compared to type I (P = 0.06) and type III (P = 0.02). However, despite these parameters being statistically different, they may not be clinically significant. We conclude the bone age, with careful interpretation, can be used in the OI population in a way that is similar to the general pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Nicol
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Shriner's Hospital for Children, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - H Baines
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - S Koike
- Department of Biostatistics and Design Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - W Liu
- Department of Medicine, Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - E Orwoll
- Department of Medicine, Bone and Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Valenzise M, Bombaci B, Lombardo F, Passanisi S, Lombardo C, Lugarà C, D'Amico F, Grasso L, Aguennouz M, Catalano A, Salzano G. Association between osteocalcin and residual β-cell function in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes: a pivotal study. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02414-2. [PMID: 38965181 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This pivotal study aimed to evaluate circulating levels of bone remodeling markers in children and adolescents at the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Additionally, we assessed their correlation with glucose control, residual β-cell function, and the severity of presentation. METHODS In this single-center cross-sectional study, we recruited children and adolescents newly diagnosed with T1D at our tertiary-care Diabetes Centre. Anamnestic, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical data at T1D diagnosis were collected. Basal and stimulated C-peptide levels were assessed, along with the following bone remodeling biomarkers: osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathormone (PTH), 25-OH Vitamin D (25OH-D), and the C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX). RESULTS We enrolled 29 individuals newly diagnosed with T1D, with a slight male prevalence (51.7%). The mean age was 8.4 ± 3.7 years. A positive correlation between OC and stimulated C-peptide (R = 0.538; p = 0.026) and between PTH and serum HCO3- (R = 0.544; p = 0.025) was found. No other correlations between bone remodeling biomarkers and clinical variables were detected. CONCLUSION Our data showed a positive correlation between OC levels and residual β-cell function in children and adolescents at T1D presentation. Further longitudinal studies evaluating OC levels in pediatric subjects with T1D are needed to better understand the complex interaction between bone and glucose metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valenzise
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - B Bombaci
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F Lombardo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Passanisi
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Lombardo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Lugarà
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F D'Amico
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - L Grasso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Aguennouz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Salzano
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Sagelv EH, Emaus N, Evensen E, Christoffersen T, Dennison E, Furberg AS, Grimnes G, Johansson J, Nielsen CS, Nilsen OA, Winther A. Acquisition of peak bone mass in a Norwegian youth cohort: longitudinal findings from the Fit Futures study 2010-2022. Arch Osteoporos 2024; 19:58. [PMID: 38960953 PMCID: PMC11222189 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-024-01414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In a Norwegian youth cohort followed from adolescence to young adulthood, bone mineral density (BMD) levels declined at the femoral neck and total hip from 16 to 27 years but continued to increase at the total body indicating a site-specific attainment of peak bone mass. PURPOSE To examine longitudinal trends in bone mineral density (BMD) levels in Norwegian adolescents into young adulthood. METHOD In a prospective cohort design, we followed 980 adolescents (473 (48%) females) aged 16-19 years into adulthood (age of 26-29) on three occasions: 2010-2011 (Fit Futures 1 (FF1)), 2012-2013 (FF2), and 2021-2022 (FF3), measuring BMD (g/cm2) at the femoral neck, total hip, and total body with dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We used linear mixed models to examine longitudinal BMD changes from FF1 to FF3. RESULTS From the median age of 16 years (FF1), femoral neck BMD (mean g/cm2 (95% CI)) slightly increased in females from 1.070 (1.059-1.082) to 1.076 (1.065-1.088, p = 0.015) at the median age of 18 years (FF2) but declined to 1.041 (1.029-1.053, p < 0.001) at the median age of 27 years (FF3). Similar patterns were observed in males: 16 years, 1.104 (1.091-1.116); 27 years, 1.063 (1.050-1.077, p < 0.001); and for the total hip in both sexes (both p < 0.001). Total body BMD increased from age 16 to 27 years in both sexes (females: 16 years, 1.141 (1.133-1.148); 27 years, 1.204 (1.196-1.212), p < 0.001; males: 16 years, 1.179 (1.170-1.188); 27 years, 1.310 (1.296-1.315), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION BMD levels increased from 16 to 18 years at the femoral and total hip sites in young Norwegian females and males, and a small decline was observed at the femoral sites when the participants were followed up to 27 years. Total body BMD continued to increase from adolescence to young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvard H Sagelv
- Division of Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elin Evensen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tore Christoffersen
- School of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Alta, Norway
- Finnmark Hospital Trust, Alta, Norway
| | - Elaine Dennison
- MRC, Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anne-Sofie Furberg
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway
| | - Guri Grimnes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jonas Johansson
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christopher Sivert Nielsen
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Andreas Nilsen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Winther
- Division of Neurosciences, Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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8
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Dong XX, Chen DL, Miao YF, Li DL, Kai JY, Hu DN, Zhang XF, Carla L, Andrzej G, Pan CW. The impact of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium on risk of age-related macular degeneration: a Mendelian randomization study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00590-2. [PMID: 38964658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and calcium and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the causal role of 25(OH)D concentrations, calcium concentrations, and dietary supplements use of vitamin D and calcium on risk of AMD and its subtypes. METHODS Independent genetic variants associated with 25(OH)D and calcium concentrations were used as instrumental variables in published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of European ancestry. The bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed using summary-level data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen datasets. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the MR results. The meta-analyses were conducted using both fixed-effect and random-effect models to provide comprehensive and reliable estimates. RESULTS A standard deviation increase in calcium concentrations was linked to a 14%, 17%, and 13% reduction in the likelihood of developing AMD (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77, 0.97), wet AMD (95% CI: 0.73, 0.95), and dry AMD (95% CI: 0.75, 1.00), respectively. No significant causal relationships were detected between genetically predicted 25(OH)D concentrations and AMD and its subtypes (all P > 0.05). The combined analyses showed that higher calcium concentrations were associated with a reduced risk of overall AMD, with an odds ratio of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.98). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence supporting the causal relationship between calcium concentrations and risk of AMD and its subtypes, which may have important implications for the prevention, monitoring, and treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xuan Dong
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ling Chen
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fan Miao
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yan Kai
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dan-Ning Hu
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lanca Carla
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Grzybowski Andrzej
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Poznan, Poland
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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9
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Rahman A, Haider MF. A comprehensive review on glucocorticoids induced osteoporosis: A medication caused disease. Steroids 2024; 207:109440. [PMID: 38754651 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that are extensively used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and cancer. The major ill effect of administering GCs is that it has a deleterious effect on bone, which leads to GC-induced osteoporosis. GC therapy induces bone loss and is associated with the risk of nonvertebral and vertebral fractures, as it works in combination by increasing bone reabsorption and suppressing bone formation during the initial phase of therapy. It is seen and established that GC in excess or in low dose for 3 months or more can be a risk factor for fracture, and the risk increases with an increase in dose and duration of usage. The most common cause of secondary osteoporosis is the administration of GC inside the body to treat various diseases. The degree of bone loss is directly proportional to the GC dose and the exposure duration. The first step is to evaluate the patients' risk factors for the development of glucocorticoids that induce osteoporosis, which include the dose, duration of use, patient age, sex, previous fractures, and other medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Rahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Md Faheem Haider
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
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10
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Mikkilä S, Handegård BH, Johansson J, Hopstock LA, Van den Tillaar R, Emaus N, Morseth B, Welde B. Cross-sectional associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity and hip bone mineral density: the Tromsø Study 2015-2016. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae061. [PMID: 38868594 PMCID: PMC11166893 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Positive associations between physical activity and bone health have been found in population-based studies, however, mostly based on self-reported physical activity. Therefore, we investigated the association between accelerometer-measured physical activity, measured in steps per day and minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day, and total hip areal BMD (aBMD) measured by DXA in a general population, utilizing multiple regression models. The study participants, 1560 women and 1177 men aged 40-84 yr, were part of the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (2015-2016). In both genders, we found a positive association between the number of daily steps and aBMD adjusted for age, BMI, and smoking status (P < .001). In women, an increase of 1000 steps per day was associated with 0.005 g/cm2 higher aBMD. For men, a polynomial curve indicated a positive association with aBMD up to 5000 steps per day, plateauing between 5000 and 14 000 steps, and then increasing again. Additionally, MVPA duration was positively associated with aBMD in both women (P < .001) and men (P = .004) when adjusted for age, BMI, and smoking status. Specifically, each 60-min increase in daily MVPA was associated with 0.028 and 0.023 g/cm2 higher aBMD in women and men, respectively. Despite positive associations, the clinical impact of physical activity on aBMD in this general population of adults and older adults was relatively small, and a large increase in daily MVPA might not be achievable for most individuals. Therefore, further longitudinal population-based studies incorporating device-based measures of physical activity could add more clarity to these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija Mikkilä
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Helge Handegård
- The Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health – North, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jonas Johansson
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laila A Hopstock
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bente Morseth
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Boye Welde
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0404 Oslo, Norway
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11
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Buckley JP, Zhou J, Marquess KM, Lanphear BP, Cecil KM, Chen A, Sears CG, Xu Y, Yolton K, Kalkwarf HJ, Braun JM, Kuiper JR. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and bone mineral content in early adolescence: Modification by diet and physical activity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118872. [PMID: 38580001 PMCID: PMC11156547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures may negatively impact bone mineral accrual, but little is known about potential mitigators of this relation. We assessed whether associations of PFAS and their mixture with bone mineral content (BMC) in adolescence were modified by diet and physical activity. METHODS We included 197 adolescents enrolled in a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio (2003-2006). At age 12 years, we collected serum for PFAS measurements and used dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to measure BMC. We calculated dietary calcium intake and Health Eating Index (HEI) scores from repeated 24-h dietary recalls, physical activity scores using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), and average moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) based on accelerometry. We estimated covariate-adjusted differences in BMC z-scores per interquartile range (IQR) increase of individual PFAS concentrations using linear regression and per simultaneous IQR increase in all four PFAS using g-computation. We evaluated effect measure modification (EMM) using interaction terms between each modifier and PFAS. RESULTS Higher serum perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, and perfluorononanoic acid concentrations and the PFAS mixture were associated with lower BMC z-scores. An IQR increase in all PFAS was associated with a 0.27 (-0.54, 0.01) lower distal radius BMC z-score. Associations with lower BMC were generally stronger among adolescents classified as < median for calcium intake, HEI scores, or MVPA compared to those ≥ median. The difference in distal radius BMC z-score per IQR increase in all PFAS was -0.38 (-0.72, -0.04) for those with CONCLUSION Healthy, calcium-rich diets and higher intensity physical activity may mitigate the adverse impact of PFAS on adolescent bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Katherine M Marquess
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Clara G Sears
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Heidi J Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Jordan R Kuiper
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, D.C., USA
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12
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Freitas L, Bezerra A, Boppre G, Amorim T, Fernandes RJ, Fonseca H. Does Swimming Exercise Impair Bone Health? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Evidence in Humans and Rodent Models. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02052-x. [PMID: 38900358 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of swimming on bone health remains unclear, namely due to discrepant findings between studies in humans and animal models. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify the available evidence on the effects of swimming on bone mass, geometry and microarchitecture at the lumbar spine, femur and tibia in both humans and rodent animal models. METHODS The study followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered at PROSPERO (CRD4202236347 and CRD42022363714 for human and animal studies). Two different systematic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, retrieving 36 and 16 reports for humans and animal models, respectively. RESULTS In humans, areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was similar between swimmers and non-athletic controls at the lumbar spine, hip and femoral neck. Swimmers' tibia diaphysis showed a higher cross-sectional area but lower cortical thickness. Inconsistent findings at the femoral neck cortical thickness were found. Due to the small number of studies, trabecular microarchitecture in human swimmers was not assessed. In rodent models, aBMD was found to be lower at the tibia, but similar at the femur. Inconsistent findings in femur diaphysis cross-sectional area were observed. No differences in femur and tibia trabecular microarchitecture were found. CONCLUSION Swimming seems to affect bone health differently according to anatomical region. Studies in both humans and rodent models suggest that tibia cortical bone is negatively affected by swimming. There was no evidence of a negative effect of swimming on other bone regions, both in humans and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Freitas
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andrea Bezerra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Giorjines Boppre
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Nucleus of Research in Human Movement Science, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile
| | - Tânia Amorim
- Fame Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Ricardo J Fernandes
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder Fonseca
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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13
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Topkaya MS, Akın O, Cömert TK. Does metabolic control of the disease related with bone turnover markers in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Turkey? BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:89. [PMID: 38872156 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to evaluate the effect of metabolic control on bone biomarkers in children with type I diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The children were divided into two groups according to their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (%) levels: a group with HbA1c levels < 8% (n = 16) and: a group with HbA1c levels > 8% (n = 18). The serum total oxidative status (TOS) (µmol/L), total antioxidant status (TAS) (mmol/L), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (IU/L), osteocalcin (OC) (ng/ml), procollagen type-1-N-terminal peptide (P1NP) (ng/ml), and vitamin D (IU) levels and food consumption frequencies were determined. RESULTS When patients were classified according to HbA1c (%) levels, those with HbA1c levels < 8% were found to have lower TOS (µmol/L) values (8.7 ± 6.16, 9.5 ± 5.60) and higher serum OC (ng/mL) (24.2 ± 16.92, 22.0 ± 6.21) levels than those with HbA1c levels > 8% (p < 0.05). Regardless of the level of metabolic control, there was a statistically significant association between serum TOS (µmol/L) and P1NP (ng/ml) (p < 0.05) levels, with no group-specific relationship (HbA1c levels <%8 or HbA1c levels >%8). CONCLUSION HbA1c and serum TOS levels had an effect on bone turnover biomarkers in individuals with type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Sena Topkaya
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gülhane Health Sciences Institute, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Akın
- Specialist of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Küçükkasap Cömert
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gülhane Health Sciences Institute, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey.
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14
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Lyu FF, Ramoo V, Chui PL, Ng CG, Zhang Y. Prevalence rate of primary osteoporosis in China: a meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1518. [PMID: 38844897 PMCID: PMC11155107 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary osteoporosis (POP) is recognized as a "silent disease" and often ignored. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of POP in the Chinese population over the past 20 years to raise awareness of the disease's epidemiology, which is hoped to help prevent and treat the condition better. METHODS Eight English and three Chinese language databases were searched systematically from January 2002 to December 2023. Relevant data were analysed using Stata 16.0. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to explore causes of heterogeneity. A funnel plot was further drawn in combination with Egger and Begg tests to determine publication bias. RESULTS A total of 45 studies (241,813 participants) were included. The meta-analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of POP in the Chinese population was 18.2% (95% CI: 14.7-21.7%), showing a positive correlation with age. Specifically, prevalence rates were 23.4% (18.3-28.5%) in women and 11.5% (9.1-13.9%) in men. A notable increase was observed within the span of 20 years (16.9% before 2010 and 20.3% in 2011-2020). Notably, regional variations were observed, with southern China reporting a lower prevalence of 16.4% compared to 20.2% in northern China. Meta-regression suggested that sample size significantly influenced the estimation of point prevalence (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of POP within the Chinese population. The growing prevalence of older individuals and women further highlights the urgency for tailored disease prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fei Lyu
- School of Nursing, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Vimala Ramoo
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Ping Lei Chui
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chong Guan Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
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15
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Susan A M. Development of a physical activity prescription course in a Doctor of Pharmacy program. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2024; 48:338-346. [PMID: 38482562 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00173.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacists are increasingly becoming the healthcare professional who interacts most regularly with patients who have diseases or disorders for which exercise is an effective and recommended treatment. With the relative scarcity of clinical exercise physiologists in the United States, pharmacists are expected to provide lifestyle advice to their patients, especially in community (i.e. retail) pharmacy settings, but student pharmacists typically receive no formal or informal training in exercise physiology and prescription. To address this deficit, an elective course was developed to provide student pharmacists with the knowledge and skill set that will enable them to apply evidence-based physical activity guidelines in the pharmacy. The course utilized the Exercise is Medicine resources for chronic diseases and disorders that are routinely encountered in community pharmacies, in addition to analysis of interactions between exercise and medications commonly prescribed for these conditions. After completion of the course, students reported being significantly more comfortable discussing physical activity with their patients compared to the start of the course (P < 0.001). Similarly, at the end of the course, 99% of students reported that they felt confident in their ability to apply evidence-based recommendations of common diseases and disorders to their patients. Postcourse student evaluations clearly demonstrated that student pharmacists viewed the course positively and as essential in their professional training. These data highlight the feasibility and efficacy of improving self-perceptions for the provision of physical activity recommendations via an elective course in physical activity prescription in a Doctor of Pharmacy program.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study describes a new elective course in physical activity prescription for Doctor of Pharmacy students. After completing the course, students reported improved self-perceptions for the provision of physical activity recommendations. This course fills a gap in pharmacy education and this study provides future directions to improve training in lifestyle modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsh Susan A
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, United States
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16
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Zamboni F, Ferrari P, Cazzoletti L, Setti A, Bertoldo F, Dalle Carbonare LG, Danese E, Tardivo S, Crisafulli E, Ferrari M. Bone Mineral Density in Mountain, Road Cyclists and Untrained Controls: Exercise, Diet and Hormones. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:423-430. [PMID: 37540285 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2242417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine (LSBMD) and the femoral neck (FBMD) in male road cyclists (RC n = 39), mountain cyclists (MC n = 30) and controls (C n = 27) and to determine the factors associated with BMD in the same group of participants. Methods: BMD, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured using DXA. Calcium intake (Cal), exercise energy expenditure (EEE) and energy availability (EA) were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Samples for circulating hormones were also obtained. VO2max was estimated by a cycloergometric test. Results: After adjustment for body mass, in cyclists LSBMD (RC 0.98 ± 0.12; MC 0.98 ± 0.10 g/cm2) was significantly lower than in C (1.11 ± 0.10; p < .001), while FBMD resulted in no significant difference in cyclists compared to C (p = 0.213). EA (kcal/FFM/day) was different in cyclists and in C (p < .05). In C, EEE and EA were positively associated with LSBMD (R = 0.561, R = 0.656, respectively, p < .01), whereas only EA was associated with FBMD (R = 0.554, p < .05); a positive association between EA and FBMD was found in MC (R = 0.464, p < .05). A negative relationship between VO2max and LSBMD in RC (R = -0.418, p < .05) and a positive one between EEE and LSBMD in MC were found (R = 0.605, p < .001). CaI, free testosterone and cortisol were unrelated to BMD. Conclusion: Both the RC and MC had lower LSBMD than C, whereas no difference was found between the two groups of cyclists. The factors associated with BMD are manifold, vary in relation to the measurement site and are likely different in RC, MC and C.
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Marmol-Perez A, Migueles JH, Ubago-Guisado E, Gil-Cosano JJ, Rodriguez-Solana A, Redondo-Tébar A, Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Labayen I, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Gracia-Marco L. Every Move Counts to Improve Bone Health at Clinical Sites in Young Pediatric Cancer Survivors: The iBoneFIT Project. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1085-1093. [PMID: 38306313 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to examine the associations of 24-h movement behaviors (moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA], light physical activity [LPA], sedentary behavior [SB], and sleep) with age-, sex-, and race-specific areal bone mineral density (aBMD) z -score parameters at clinical sites in young pediatric cancer survivors. METHODS This cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out within the iBoneFIT framework in which 116 young pediatric cancer survivors (12.1 ± 3.3 yr old; 42% female) were recruited. We obtained anthropometric and body composition data (i.e., body mass, stature, body mass index, and region-specific lean mass), time spent in movement behaviors over at least seven consecutive 24-h periods (wGT3x-BT accelerometer, ActiGraph), and aBMD z -score parameters (age-, sex-, and race-specific total at the body, total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine). Survivors were classified according to somatic maturity (pre or peri/postpubertal depending on the estimated years from peak height velocity). The adjusted models' coefficients were used to predict the effect of reallocating time proportionally across behaviors on the outcomes. RESULTS In prepubertal young pediatric cancer survivors, reallocating time to MVPA from LPA, SB, and sleep was significantly associated with higher aBMD at total body ( B = 1.765, P = 0.005), total hip ( B = 1.709, P = 0.003), and lumbar spine ( B = 2.093, P = 0.001). In peri/postpubertal survivors, reallocating time to LPA from MVPA, SB, and sleep was significantly associated with higher aBMD at all sites ( B = 2.090 to 2.609, P = 0.003 to 0.038). Reallocating time to SB from MVPA or LPA was significantly associated with lower aBMD at most sites in prepubertal and peri/postpubertal survivors, respectively. Finally, reallocating time to sleep from MVPA, LPA, and SB was significantly associated with lower aBMD at total body ( B = -2.572, P = 0.036) and total hip ( B = -3.371, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that every move counts and underline the benefits of increasing MVPA or LPA, when low MVPA levels are present, for bone regeneration after pediatric cancer treatment completion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | | | - Andrea Rodriguez-Solana
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | | | | | - Idoia Labayen
- IS (IS-FOOD), Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarra, SPAIN
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Li G, Wang Z, Hao Y, Qian J, Hu B, Wang Y, Luo X, Ning Y, Lin F. Consensus statement of Chinese experts on exercise prescription (2023). SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:200-203. [PMID: 38708321 PMCID: PMC11067859 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise prescriptions play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. A consensus regarding exercise prescription is important for physical health. The "Consensus statement of Chinese experts on exercise prescription" (hereinafter referred to as "Expert Consensus") divides exercise prescription into two categories: fitness exercise prescription and medical exercise prescription. Traditional Chinese fitness exercises, exercise risk, exercise prescription, and basic precautions for exercise prescription are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Li
- China National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing, 100061, China
| | | | - Yuefeng Hao
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215008, China
| | - Jinghua Qian
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xijuan Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu Ning
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya, 572022, China
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Faienza MF, Giardinelli S, Annicchiarico A, Chiarito M, Barile B, Corbo F, Brunetti G. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Bone Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5873. [PMID: 38892062 PMCID: PMC11172758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone health is the result of a tightly regulated balance between bone modeling and bone remodeling, and alterations of these processes have been observed in several diseases both in adult and pediatric populations. The imbalance in bone remodeling can ultimately lead to osteoporosis, which is most often associated with aging, but contributing factors can already act during the developmental age, when over a third of bone mass is accumulated. The maintenance of an adequate bone mass is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as physical activity and diet, and particularly by an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D. In addition, it has been claimed that the integration of specific nutraceuticals such as resveratrol, anthocyanins, isoflavones, lycopene, curcumin, lutein, and β-carotene and the intake of bioactive compounds from the diet such as honey, tea, dried plums, blueberry, and olive oil can be efficient strategies for bone loss prevention. Nutraceuticals and functional foods are largely used to provide medical or health benefits, but there is an urge to determine which products have adequate clinical evidence and a strong safety profile. The aim of this review is to explore the scientific and clinical evidence of the positive role of nutraceuticals and functional food in bone health, focusing both on molecular mechanisms and on real-world studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.F.F.)
| | - Silvia Giardinelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Annicchiarico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Mariangela Chiarito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.F.F.)
| | - Barbara Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
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Yonamine GH, Domiciano DS, Takayama L, Castro APBM, Pereira RMR, Pastorino AC. Impaired bone mineral density and microarchitecture in female adolescents with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. Arch Osteoporos 2024; 19:40. [PMID: 38773042 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-024-01396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This study compared the bone parameters of adolescents with persistent cow's milk allergy (CMA) with those of healthy adolescents. Adolescents with CMA had compromised bone parameters (lower bone mineral density, impaired trabecular microarchitecture, and lower bone strength). Partial exclusion diet was associated with better bone parameters than total exclusion diet. BACKGROUND Persistent immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA) may impair bone parameters and increase the risk of fractures. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is a novel methodology that not only assesses trabecular and cortical bone compartments and volumetric density measurements, but also evaluates bone microarchitecture and estimates biomechanical properties through finite element analysis (FEA). Both HR-pQCT and bone strength parameters derived from FEA have shown a strong correlation with fracture risk. PURPOSE To assess the bone density, microarchitecture, and bone strength of adolescents with persistent IgE-mediated CMA (IgE-CMA). METHODS This was an observational, cross-sectional study with female adolescents with persistent IgE-CMA and healthy control participants matched by female sex and sexual maturation. Bone parameters were assessed by areal bone mineral density (aBMD) through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bone microarchitecture by HR-pQCT at the radius and tibia, and laboratory markers related to bone metabolism. RESULTS The median age of adolescents with persistent IgE-CMA (n = 26) was 13.0 years (interquartile range (IQR) 11.4-14.7) and of healthy control participants (n = 28) was 13.6 years (IQR 11.9-14.9). Adolescents with IgE-CMA ingested 27.4% less calcium (p = 0.012) and 28.8% less phosphorus (p = 0.009) than controls. Adolescents with IgE-CMA had lower bone mineral content (BMC) (38.83 g vs. 44.50 g) and aBMD (0.796 g/cm2 vs. 0.872 g/cm2) at lumbar spine, and lower BMC (1.11 kg vs. 1.27 kg) and aBMD (0.823 g/cm2 vs. 0.877 g/cm2) at total body less head (TBLH) (p < 0.05). However, Z-scores BMC and Z-scores aBMD at lumbar spine and TBLH, when adjusted for Z-score height/age, were not significantly different between the groups. Moreover, CMA adolescents had lower bone strength at the distal tibia (S 169 kN/mm vs. 194 kN/mm; F Load 8030 N vs. 9223 N) (p < 0.05). Pairing of groups by the presence of menarche showed compromised parameters at the tibia-lower total volumetric BMD (Tt.vBMD) (293.9 mg HA/cm3 vs. 325.9 mg HA/cm3) and trabecular vBMD (Tb.vBMD) (170.8 mg HA/cm3 vs. 192.2 mg HA/cm3), along with lower cortical thickness (Ct.th) (1.02 mm vs. 1.16 mm) and bone strength (S 174 kN vs. 210 kN; F Load 8301 N vs. 9950 N)-and at the radius (S 61 kN/mm vs. 71 kN/mm; F Load 2920 N vs. 3398 N) (p < 0.05) among adolescents with IgE-CMA. Adolescents with IgE-CMA on a total exclusion diet (n = 12) showed greater impairment of bone features than those on a partial exclusion diet (n = 14), with lower lumbar spine Z-score BMC (- 0.65 vs. 0.18; p = 0.013), lumbar spine trabecular bone score (TBS) (1.268 vs. 1.383; p = 0.005), Z-score TBS (0.03 vs. 1.14; p = 0.020), TBLH Z-score BMC (- 1.17 vs. - 0.35; p = 0.012), TBLH Z-score aBMD (- 1.13 vs. - 0.33; p = 0.027), Tt.vBMD at the tibia (259.0 mg HA/cm3 vs. 298.7 mg HA/cm3; p = 0.021), Ct.th at the tibia (0.77 mm vs. 1.04 mm; p = 0.015) and Ct.th at the radius (0.16 mm vs. 0.56 mm; p = 0.033). CONCLUSION Adolescents with persistent IgE-CMA had lower aBMD and compromised microarchitecture (impaired trabecular microarchitecture and lower bone strength). Adolescents on a partial exclusion diet had better bone parameters than those on a total exclusion diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauce Hiromi Yonamine
- Nutrition Division, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Souza Domiciano
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Liliam Takayama
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Beltran Moschione Castro
- Allergy and Immunology Division, Pediatric Department, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Rodrigues Pereira
- Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Pastorino
- Allergy and Immunology Division, Pediatric Department, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Wang J, Jiang C, Wang S, Feng L, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Liu G, Li X, Zhang G, Zhu X, Ren F, Guan L, Chen J, Gao Y, Chen M, Darwish N, Mottaz SC, Horcajada MN, Bonnet N, Dogra SK, Wang D. Cohort profile of an early life observational cohort in China: Bone and MicroBiOme onset (BAMBOO) study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075417. [PMID: 38760054 PMCID: PMC11103194 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Bone And MicroBiOme Onset (BAMBOO) study is an ongoing prospective observational cohort study conducted in Tianjin, China, aiming to determine age-appropriate trajectories for microbiome maturation and bone development and to identify the influence of dietary factors in the process. PARTICIPANTS The recruitment started in September 2021 and was completed in February 2023. A total of 1380 subjects were recruited, 690 at birth (group 1) and 690 at 6 months of age (group 2). Groups 1 and 2 will be followed up for 12 months and 36 months, respectively. FINDINGS TO DATE The age of the mothers was 31.1±3.7 (mean±SD), and the birth weight of infants was 3.3±0.5 kg with an incidence of caesarean section 50.4%. Food diary information of the first 100 subjects showed that 64 food items were introduced by 6 months. A pilot microbiome analysis revealed that at the species level, bacterial communities were composed of mostly Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides vulgatus and Escherichia coli, which were consistent with that of previous reports. Feasibility assessments of breast milk vitamin D and human milk oligosaccharides were validated through certified reference measurements. The early data assessment showed a high reliability of the data generated from this study. FUTURE PLANS Data collection will be completed in August 2025. Four stage-statistical analyses will be performed as the cohort reaches certain age thresholds before the final report. Analysis of BAMBOO data will be used to develop age-appropriate trajectories for microbiome maturation and bone development for children aged 0-3 years and investigate the contribution of dietary factors in the process. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2100049972.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Jiang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingyan Feng
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Gongshu Liu
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Li
- BGI Research, Wuhan, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Screening, BGl Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guohong Zhang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Screening, BGl Research, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Fangyi Ren
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingyao Guan
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya Gao
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Birth Defects Screening, BGl Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Noura Darwish
- Clinical Research Unit, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Nicolas Bonnet
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Dantong Wang
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bagińska M, Tota ŁM, Morawska-Tota M, Kusmierczyk J, Pałka T. Changes in the concentration of bone turnover markers in men after maximum intensity exercise. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17258. [PMID: 38770097 PMCID: PMC11104338 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is an important factor in modelling the remodelling and metabolism of bone tissue. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in indices demonstrating bone turnover in men under the influence of maximum-intensity exercise. Methods The study involved 33 men aged 20-25, divided into two groups: experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 18). People training medium- and long-distance running were assigned to the experimental group, and non-training individuals to the control. Selected somatic, physiological and biochemical indices were measured. The level of aerobic fitness was determined using a progressively increasing graded test (treadmill test for subjective fatigue). Blood samples for determinations were taken before the test and 60 minutes after its completion. The concentration of selected bone turnover markers was assessed: bone fraction of alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), osteoclacin (OC), N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of the alpha chain of type I collagen (NTx1), N-terminal propeptide of type I progolagen (PINP), osteoprotegerin (OPG). In addition, the concentration of 25(OH)D3 prior to the stress test was determined. Additionally, pre and post exercise, the concentration of lactates in the capillary blood was determined. Results When comparing the two groups, significant statistical differences were found for the mean level of: 25(OH)D3 (p = 0.025), b-ALP (p < 0.001), OC (p = 0.004) and PINP (p = 0.029) prior to the test. On the other hand, within individual groups, between the values pre and post the stress test, there were statistically significant differences for the average level of: b-ALP (p < 0.001), NTx1 (p < 0.001), OPG (p = 0.001) and PINP (p = 0.002). Conclusion A single-session maximum physical effort can become an effective tool to initiate positive changes in bone turnover markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Bagińska
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marcin Tota
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Morawska-Tota
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Kusmierczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pałka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
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Marshall TA, Touger-Decker R. Oral health and multimorbidity: is diet the chicken or the egg? Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38742385 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124004683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Oral health is a critical component of overall health and well-being, not just the absence of disease. The objective of this review paper is to describe relationships among diet, nutrition and oral and systemic diseases that contribute to multimorbidity. Diet- and nutrient-related risk factors for oral diseases include high intakes of free sugars, low intakes of fruits and vegetables and nutrient-poor diets which are similar to diet- and nutrient-related risk factors for systemic diseases. Oral diseases are chronic diseases. Once the disease process is initiated, it persists throughout the lifespan. Pain and tissue loss from oral disease leads to oral dysfunction which contributes to impaired biting, chewing, oral motility and swallowing. Oral dysfunction makes it difficult to eat nutrient-dense whole grains, fruits and vegetables associated with a healthy diet. Early childhood caries (ECC) associated with frequent intake of free sugars is one of the first manifestations of oral disease. The presence of ECC is our 'canary in the coal mine' for diet-related chronic diseases. The dietary sugars causing ECC are not complementary to an Eatwell Guide compliant diet, but rather consistent with a diet high in energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods - typically ultra-processed in nature. This diet generally deteriorates throughout childhood, adolescence and adulthood increasing the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Recognition of ECC is an opportunity to intervene and disrupt the pathway to multimorbidities. Disruption of this pathway will reduce the risk of multimorbidities and enable individuals to fully engage in society throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Marshall
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Riva Touger-Decker
- School of Health Professions & Division of Nutrition, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University, Newark, NJ, USA
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Jones AR, Enticott J, Ebeling PR, Mishra GD, Teede HT, Vincent AJ. Bone health in women with premature ovarian insufficiency/early menopause: a 23-year longitudinal analysis. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1013-1022. [PMID: 38396142 PMCID: PMC11063537 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the frequency of, and predictors for, osteoporosis, fractures, and osteoporosis management (investigation, treatment) in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI; menopause <40 years) and early menopause (EM; menopause 40-44years)? SUMMARY ANSWER Over the 23-year follow-up duration, at a mean age of 68 years, women with POI/EM had higher osteoporosis/fracture risk and prevalence, higher osteoporosis screening and anti-osteoporosis medication use compared to women with usual age menopause; increasing age was predictive of increased risk of osteoporosis/fracture and menopause hormone therapy (MHT) prior to or at study entry (aged 45-50 years) was protective. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Women with POI/EM have increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures with limited data regarding risk factors for reduced bone density and fractures. Clinical guidelines recommend screening with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and treatment with MHT for most women with POI/EM to reduce osteoporosis and fracture risk; however, studies indicate gaps in osteoporosis knowledge, guideline uptake, and management adherence by clinicians and women. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health is a prospective longitudinal study of Australian women. This study uses the cohort of women born between 1946 and 1951, surveyed nine times between 1996 and 2019. Data from the Australian administrative health records, including hospital admissions data (fractures, osteoporosis), Medicare Benefits Schedule (DXA), and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS; MHT, anti-osteoporosis medication, available only from 2002) were linked to survey data. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Survey respondents with self-reported age of menopause were included. POI/EM was defined as menopause <45 years. T-test or chi-square were used for comparisons at baseline (P < 0.05 indicates significance). Generalized estimating equations for panel data explored predictors for the longitudinal outcomes of osteoporosis, fractures, DXA rates, MHT use, and anti-osteoporosis medication (in women with osteoporosis/fracture, from Survey 4 onwards only). Univariable regression was performed, and variables retained where P < 0.2, to form the multivariable model, and bootstrapping with 100 repetitions at 95% sampling of the original dataset to ensure robustness of results. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Eight thousand six hundred and three women were included: 610 (7.1%) with POI/EM. Mean (SD) baseline age was 47.6 (1.45) years in the entire cohort and mean (SD) age of menopause was 38.2 (7.95) and 51.3 (3.04) years in women with POI/EM and usual age menopause, respectively (P < 0.001). Over the 23 years, of women with POI/EM, 303 (49.7%) had osteoporosis/fractures, 421 (69.0%) had DXA screening, 474 ever used MHT (77.7%), and 116 (39.1%) of those with osteoporosis/fractures used anti-osteoporosis medication. Of women with usual age menopause, 2929 (36.6%) had osteoporosis/fractures, 4920 (61.6%) had DXA screening, 4014 (50.2%) used MHT, and 964 (33.0%) of those with osteoporosis/fractures used anti-osteoporosis medication. Compared to women with menopause at age ≥45 years and after adjusting for other risk factors, women with POI/EM had increased risk of osteoporosis (odds ratio [OR] 1.37; 95% CI 1.07-1.77), fractures (OR 1.45; 1.15-1.81), DXA testing (OR 1.64; 1.42-1.90), MHT use (OR 6.87; 5.68-8.30), and anti-osteoporosis medication use (OR 1.50; 1.14-1.98). In women with POI/EM women, increasing age was associated with greater risk of osteoporosis/fracture (OR 1.09; 1.08-1.11), and MHT prior to or at study entry (aged 45-50 years), was protective (OR 0.65, 0.45-0.96). In women with POI/EM, age (OR 1.11; 1.10-1.12), fractures (OR 1.80, 1.38-2.34), current smoking (OR 0.60; 0.43-0.86), and inner (OR 0.68; 0.53-0.88) or outer regional (OR 0.63; 0.46-0.87) residential location were associated with DXA screening. In women with POI/EM, increasing age (OR 1.02; 1.01-1.02), and currently consuming alcohol (OR 1.17; 1.06-1.28), was associated with having ever used MHT. In the 299 women with POI/EM and osteoporosis/fractures, only 39.1% ever received treatment with an anti-osteoporosis medication. Increasing age (OR 1.07; 1.04-1.09) and lower BMI (OR 0.95; 0.92-0.98) were associated with greater likelihood of treatment with anti-osteoporosis medication. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Survey data including age of menopause were self-reported by participants; fracture questions were not included in the 2001 survey, and location or level of trauma of self-reported fractures was not asked. Additional risk/protective factors such as vitamin D status, calcium intake, and exercise were not able to be included. Due to sample size, POI and EM were combined for all analyses, and we were unable to differentiate between causes of POI/EM. PBS data were only available from 2004, and hospital admissions data were state-based, with all of Australia were only available from 2007. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study supports previous literature indicating increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures in women with POI, and adds evidence for women with POI/EM, where there was a relative paucity of data. This is the first study to analyse a variety of clinical and demographic risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures in women with POI/EM, as well as analysing investigation and treatment rates. In these women, using MHT prior to or at study entry, aged 45-50 years, was protective for osteoporosis/fractures; however, having ever used MHT was not, highlighting the importance of early treatment with MHT in these women to preserve bone strength. Although women with POI/EM and osteoporosis or fractures were more likely to use anti-osteoporosis medications than those with usual age menopause, overall treatment rates are low at <40%, demonstrating a significant treatment gap that should be addressed to reduce future fracture risk. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by The Australian NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Women's Health in Reproductive Life (CRE-WHIRL, project number APP1171592). A.R.J. is the recipient of a National Health and Medical Research Council post-graduate research scholarship (grant number 1169192). P.R.E. is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council grant 1197958. P.R.E. reports grants paid to their institution from Amgen, Sanofi, and Alexion, honoraria from Amgen paid to their institution, and honoraria from Alexion and Kyowa-Kirin. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Jones
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J Enticott
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P R Ebeling
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - G D Mishra
- Australian Women and Girls’ Health Research Centre, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - H T Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A J Vincent
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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25
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Li J, Du B, Wang Y, Qiu J, Shi M, Wei M, Li L. Environmental perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate exposures and bone mineral density: a national cross-sectional study in the US adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34459-34472. [PMID: 38703319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Associations of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate exposures with bone mineral density (BMD) in adults have not previously been studied. This study aimed to estimate the associations of individual and concurrent exposure of the three chemicals with adult BMD. Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2018), 1618 non-pregnant adults (age ≥ 20 years and 47.0% female) were included in this study. Survey-weighted linear regression models were used to estimate individual urinary perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate concentrations with lumbar spine BMD and total BMD in adults. Then, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were conducted to evaluate associations of co-occurrence of the three chemicals with adult BMD. In all participants, nitrate exposure was inversely associated with lumbar spine BMD (β = - 0.054, 95%CI: - 0.097, - 0.010). In stratification analyses, significant inverse associations were observed in female and participants older than 40 years old. In WQS regressions, significant negative associations of the weighted sum of the three chemicals with total and lumbar spine BMD (β = - 0.014, 95%CI: - 0.021, - 0.007; β = - 0.011, 95%CI: - 0.019, - 0.004, respectively) were found, and the dominant contributor was nitrate. In the BKMR models, non-linear dose-response associations of nitrate exposure with lumbar spine and total BMD were observed. These findings suggested that environmental perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate exposure may reduce adult BMD and nitrate is the main contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxiao Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohai Du
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Shi
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhong Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Haapala EA, Gråsten A, Huhtiniemi M, Ortega FB, Rantalainen T, Jaakkola T. Trajectories of osteogenic physical activity in children and adolescents: A 3-year cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:319-325. [PMID: 38403504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored the latent profiles based on locomotor skills and cardiorespiratory fitness in Finnish schoolchildren and examined their associations with latent growth curves of osteogenic physical activity (PA) over three years. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Altogether 1147 Finnish adolescents aged 11-13 years participated in the study. Osteogenic PA in terms of osteogenic index (OI) was calculated based on acceleration peak histograms using all of the peaks with acceleration >1.3 g. Locomotor skills were assessed using the five-leap and side-to-side jumping tests and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) using 20-metre shuttle run test. The latent growth curve models for the locomotor skills and cardiorespiratory fitness profiles were tested to examine the longitudinal development of OI scores over time three years (from T0 to T3). RESULTS OI scores were lower amongst children in the "Low locomotor profile" compared with "Moderate" and "High locomotor" profiles. The OI scores linearly decreased from T0 to T3 in each locomotor profile and the decrease was similar in all the profiles. Moreover, OI scores were lower in the "Low CRF profile" compared with "Moderate" and "High CRF" profiles. The OI scores decreased in each profile over time, but the decrease was steepest in the "Low CRF profile", whereas "Moderate" and "High CRF profiles" had similar developmental trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Children with the highest locomotor skills and higher CRF accumulate more osteogenic PA than their least skilful and fit peers, which can have important implications on bone health in this critical period for bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero A Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
| | - Arto Gråsten
- College of Education, Physical Education Department, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mikko Huhtiniemi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, and CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Spain
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Jaakkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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27
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Islam P, Ice JA, Alake SE, Adedigba P, Hatter B, Robinson K, Clarke SL, Ford Versypt AN, Ritchey J, Lucas EA, Smith BJ. Fructooligosaccharides act on the gut-bone axis to improve bone independent of Tregs and alter osteocytes in young adult C57BL/6 female mice. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae021. [PMID: 38562914 PMCID: PMC10982850 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting the gut-bone axis with probiotics and prebiotics is considered as a promising strategy to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Gut-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFA) mediate the effects of probiotics on bone via Tregs, but it is not known whether prebiotics act through a similar mechanism. We investigated how 2 different prebiotics, tart cherry (TC) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS), affect bone, and whether Tregs are required for this response. Eight-wk-old C57BL/6 female mice were fed with diets supplemented with 10% w/w TC, FOS, or a control diet (Con; AIN-93M) diet, and they received an isotype control or CD25 Ab to suppress Tregs. The FOS diet increased BMC, density, and trabecular bone volume in the vertebra (~40%) and proximal tibia (~30%) compared to the TC and control diets (Con), irrespective of CD25 treatment. Both prebiotics increased (P < .01) fecal SCFAs, but the response was greater with FOS. To determine how FOS affected bone cells, we examined genes involved in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and activity as well as genes expressed by osteocytes. The FOS increased the expression of regulators of osteoblast differentiation (bone morphogenetic protein 2 [Bmp2], Wnt family member 10b [Wnt10b] and Osterix [Osx]) and type 1 collagen). Osteoclasts regulators were unaltered. The FOS also increased the expression of genes associated with osteocytes, including (Phex), matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (Mepe), and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (Dmp-1). However, Sost, the gene that encodes for sclerostin was also increased by FOS as the number and density of osteocytes increased. These findings demonstrate that FOS has a greater effect on the bone mass and structure in young adult female mice than TC and that its influence on osteoblasts and osteocytes is not dependent on Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proapa Islam
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - John A Ice
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Sanmi E Alake
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Pelumi Adedigba
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bethany Hatter
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Kara Robinson
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Stephen L Clarke
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Ashlee N Ford Versypt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Jerry Ritchey
- Veterinary Pathobiology Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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28
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Gao Y, Carne A, Young W, Burrow K, Naji S, Fraser-Miller SJ, Gordon KC, Bekhit AEDA. Effect of consumption of sheep and cow milk on rat brain fatty acid and phospholipid composition. Food Chem 2024; 439:138056. [PMID: 38035492 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sheep milk and cow milk on the lipid composition of rat brain was investigated in two feeding experiments of 28-days duration. Total lipids of the rat brain were extracted using ethanol-hexane, and the fatty acids and phospholipid contents analysed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR). Furthermore, freeze-dried pooled samples were analysed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared and Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy and analysed with multivariate methods. A significantly (P < 0.05) higher C18:2 content was found in the cow milk group compared with sheep milk-treated groups in Study one. In Study two, a significantly (P < 0.05) lower C16:0 content was present in the sheep milk-treated group compared to the control low Ca/P group. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were observed in the spectroscopy analyses. It is concluded that sheep and cow milks fed to rats for 28-days had a low effect on the brain lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Gao
- Food Science Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Alan Carne
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- AgResearch Ltd, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Keegan Burrow
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, RFH Building, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Samer Naji
- Te Whai Ao - Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Sara J Fraser-Miller
- Te Whai Ao - Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Te Whai Ao - Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Alaa El-Din A Bekhit
- Food Science Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
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29
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Zhang X, Yang L, Zhang J, Lix LM, Leslie WD, Kan B, Yang S. Secular Trends in Peak Bone Mineral Density: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:480-489. [PMID: 38522039 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Peak bone mineral density (BMD) is one of the most important factors influencing the development of osteoporosis. It was predicted that a 10% increase in peak BMD will delay the onset of osteoporosis by 13 years. However, changes in peak BMD over time are unknown. This study aimed to investigate secular trends in peak BMD among young adults in the United States. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999-2018, 3,975 males aged 19-28 years and 2370 females aged 31-40 years were our target population for estimating peak lumbar spine BMD. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Generalized linear models adjusted for multiple covariates were used to examine the secular trends in peak BMD in males and females, respectively. Secular trends for peak lumbar spine BMD from 1999-2000 to 2017-2018 were not statistically significant in males or females (all Plinear and Pquadratic > 0.05). Similar results were observed in race/ethnicity subgroups (all Plinear and Pquadratic > 0.05). However, in stratified analyses by obesity category, peak lumbar spine BMD in obese males and females increased from 1999-2000 to 2009-2010 and then decreased until 2017-2018, while peak lumbar spine BMD in non-obese females decreased from 1999-2000 to 2005-2006 and then increased until 2017-2018 (all Pquadratic < 0.05). Peak lumbar spine BMD was greater in obese males and females than in non-obese males and females up to 2009-2010, but not from 2011-2012 onwards. Overall, there were no significant secular trends in peak lumbar spine BMD. However, secular trends differed between obese and non-obese groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Linghua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lisa M Lix
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - William D Leslie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bo Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuman Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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30
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Weiss MB, Syed SA, Whiteson HZ, Hirani R, Etienne M, Tiwari RK. Navigating Post-Traumatic Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:561. [PMID: 38792583 PMCID: PMC11122478 DOI: 10.3390/life14050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoporosis (PTO) presents a significant challenge in clinical practice, characterized by demineralization and decreased skeletal integrity following severe traumatic injuries. This literature review manuscript addresses the knowledge gaps surrounding PTO, encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and future directions. This review emphasizes the complexity of the etiology of PTO, highlighting the dysregulation of biomineralization processes, inflammatory cytokine involvement, hormonal imbalances, glucocorticoid effects, vitamin D deficiency, and disuse osteoporosis. Moreover, it underscores the importance of multidisciplinary approaches for risk mitigation and advocates for improved diagnostic strategies to differentiate PTO from other musculoskeletal pathologies. This manuscript discusses various treatment modalities, including pharmacotherapy, dietary management, and physical rehabilitation, while also acknowledging the limited evidence on their long-term effectiveness and outcomes in PTO patients. Future directions in research are outlined, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PTO and the evaluation of treatment strategies' efficacy. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of PTO and highlights avenues for future investigation to enhance clinical management and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B. Weiss
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Shoaib A. Syed
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Harris Z. Whiteson
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
| | - Rahim Hirani
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Mill Etienne
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
- Department of Neurology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Raj K. Tiwari
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA (H.Z.W.); (R.H.); (M.E.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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31
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Venter E, Zandberg L, Venter PVZ, Smuts CM, Kruger HS, Baumgartner J. Female rats consuming an iron and omega-3 fatty acid deficient diet preconception require combined iron and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the prevention of bone impairments in offspring. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2024; 15:e6. [PMID: 38653729 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174424000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
We previously showed in rats that pre- and postnatal deficiencies in iron and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids can impair bone development, with additive and potentially irreversible effects when combined. This study aimed to investigate, in female rats consuming a combined iron and n-3 fatty acid deficient (ID + n-3 FAD) diet preconception, whether supplementation with iron and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA/EPA), alone and in combination, can prevent bone impairments in offspring. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, female Wistar rats consuming an ID + n-3 FAD diet preconception were randomised to receive an: 1) iron supplemented (Fe + n-3 FAD), 2) DHA/EPA supplemented (ID + DHA/EPA), 3) Fe + DHA/EPA, or 4) ID + n-3 FAD diet from gestational day 10 throughout pregnancy and lactation. Post-weaning, offspring (n = 24/group; male:female = 1:1) remained on the respective experimental diets for three weeks until postnatal day 42-45. Offspring born to female rats consuming a control diet preconception and an Fe+DHA/EPA diet throughout pregnancy and lactation served as non-deficient reference group (Control+Fe+DHA/EPA). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone strength using three-point bending tests. Only offspring in the Fe+DHA/EPA group had significantly higher spine and femur BMD, and higher femur stiffness than offspring in the ID + n-3 FAD group, and had similar spine BMD and femur stiffness as the Control + Fe + DHA/EPA group. Offspring in the Fe + DHA/EPA group further had significantly higher femur strength (ultimate load) than the other experimental groups, and a similar femur strength as the Control + Fe + DHA/EPA group. This study shows that only combined iron and DHA/EPA supplementation can prevent bone impairments in offspring of female rats consuming an iron and n-3 FA deficient diet preconception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Venter
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition (CEN), North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lizelle Zandberg
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition (CEN), North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Philip vZ Venter
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Cornelius M Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition (CEN), North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Herculina S Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition (CEN), North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jeannine Baumgartner
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition (CEN), North-West University (NWU), Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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32
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Agostinete RR, Werneck AO, Narciso PH, Ubago-Guisado E, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Bielemann RM, Gobbo LA, Lynch BT, Fernandes RA, Vlachopoulos D. Resistance training presents beneficial effects on bone development of adolescents engaged in swimming but not in impact sports: ABCD Growth Study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:247. [PMID: 38594697 PMCID: PMC11003018 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports practice during adolescence is important to enhance bone development, although it may provide different effects depending on the mechanical impact present in the sport. Besides, resistance training (RT) may also induce bone changes directly (via muscle contractions) and indirectly (via myokines). However, there have been no studies analyzing the longitudinal influence of engaging in sport with and without added mechanical load. Thus, this study aims to analyze the combined effects of sports participation and resistance training on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) accrual in adolescent athletes participating in swimming and impact sports for 12-months. METHODS This was a 12-month longitudinal study. The sample comprised 91 adolescents (21 females) aged 10 to 18 years, engaged in impact sports (basketball, tennis, track & field, baseball and gymnastics, n = 66) and non-impact sport (swimming, n = 25). The sample was divided according to resistance training participation: impact sports only (n = 45), impact sports + resistance training (n = 21), swimming-only (n = 17) and swimming + resistance training (n = 8). aBMD and soft tissues were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Generalized linear models analysis was used for the resistance training (RT) x type of sport interaction in predicting aBMD changes overtime, adjusting for maturation, sex and baseline aBMD. RESULTS After 12-months, all groups showed a significant increase in aBMD, except for the swimming groups (regardless of resistant training), which showed a significant loss in spine aBMD (-0.045 [-0.085 to -0.004] g/cm2 in swimming-only and - 0.047 [-0.073 to -0.021] g/cm2 in swimming + RT). In comparisons between groups, only swimming + RT group, compared with swimming-only group presented higher upper limbs aBMD (0.096 g/cm2 [0.074 to 0.118] in swimming + RT vs. 0.046 [0.032 to 0.060] g/cm2 in swimming only; p < 0.05) and whole body less head (WBLH) aBMD (0.039 [0.024 to 0.054] g/cm2 in swimming + RT vs. 0.017 [0.007 to 0.027] g/cm2 swimming-only; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Despite the significant gain in aBMD in all groups and body sites after 12-months, except for the spine site of swimmers, the results indicate that participation in RT seems to improve aBMD accrual in swimmers at the upper limbs and WBLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo R Agostinete
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Narciso
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Renata M Bielemann
- Post-Graduate Program in Nutrition and Foods, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luis Alberto Gobbo
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM), Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Bruna Turi Lynch
- Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science, Lander University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Romulo Araújo Fernandes
- Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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Ferreira RDO, Pereira MS, Souza-Monteiro D, Frazão DR, de Moura JDM, Baia-da-Silva DC, Bittencourt LO, Balbinot GDS, Collares FM, Lima MLDS, de Araújo AA, Lima RR. Physical training attenuates systemic cytokine response and tissue damage triggered by apical periodontitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8030. [PMID: 38580668 PMCID: PMC10997662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) is a condition characterized by inflammatory and infectious components in the tooth canal. AP affects periradicular tissues and has systemic repercussions. Physical exercise is a structured activity that requires cardiorespiratory function, and can modulate the inflammatory profile in pathological conditions. As a result, this study aimed to determine the effects of aerobic physical training (PT) on the alveolar bone with and without AP, and its systemic inflammatory repercussions. AP was induced in the mandibular first molars, and PT was performed on a treadmill for five consecutive days over four weeks, with progressive increases in speed and activity time. Blood samples were collected to determine serum cytokine levels using immunoassays, and alveolar bone samples were collected for histopathological evaluation, lesion volume and microarchitecture assessment using computed microtomography. Animals with AP had increased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels compared to those without AP; however, these levels were attenuated or restored by PT. Compared to the AP group, the AP + PT group had a smaller lesion volume and greater preservation of the bone trabeculae in the remaining alveolar bone surrounding the lesion. In overall, PT minimized the severity of AP proving to be a valid strategy for individuals undergoing endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Railson de Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Matheus Soares Pereira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Deiweson Souza-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - João Daniel Mendonça de Moura
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Daiane Claydes Baia-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Souza Balbinot
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura de Souza Lima
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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Roganovic J, Haupt R, Bárdi E, Hjorth L, Michel G, Pavasovic V, Scheinemann K, van der Pal HJ, Zadravec Zaletel L, Amariutei AE, Skinner R. Late Adverse Effects after Treatment for Childhood Acute Leukemia. Acta Med Acad 2024; 53:59-80. [PMID: 38984700 PMCID: PMC11237916 DOI: 10.5644/ama2006-124.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to raise awareness and knowledge among healthcare professionals and policymakers about late adverse effects in survivors of childhood leukemia. With contemporary treatment, over 90% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and over 60% with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are cured. Large cohort studies demonstrate that 20% of ALL and most AML survivors have at least one chronic health condition by 20-25 years after diagnosis. These are life-changing or threatening in some survivors and contribute to increased premature mortality. We describe the frequency, causes, clinical features, and natural history of the most frequent and severe late adverse effects in childhood leukemia survivors, including subsequent malignant neoplasms, metabolic toxicity, gonadotoxicity and impaired fertility, endocrinopathy and growth disturbances, bone toxicity, central and peripheral neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, psychosocial late effects, accelerated ageing and late mortality. The wide range of late effects in survivors of haemopoietic stem cell transplant is highlighted. Recent developments informing the approach to long-term survivorship care are discussed, including electronic personalized patient-specific treatment summaries and care plans such as the Survivor Passport (SurPass), surveillance guidelines and models of care. The importance of ongoing vigilance is stressed given the increasing use of novel targeted drugs with limited experience of long-term outcomes. CONCLUSION: It is vital to raise awareness of the existence and severity of late effects of childhood leukemia therapy among parents, patients, health professionals, and policymakers. Structured long-term surveillance recommendations are necessary to standardize follow-up care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Roganovic
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Riccardo Haupt
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit and DOPO Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Edit Bárdi
- St. Anna Childrens Hospital, Wien; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Lars Hjorth
- Department of Pediatrics, Skane University Hospital; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gisela Michel
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Vesna Pavasovic
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Scheinemann
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Lorna Zadravec Zaletel
- Radiotherapy Department, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,
| | | | - Roderick Skinner
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology, Great North Children's Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, and Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United
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Mengjia W, Jun J, Xin Z, Jiahao Z, Jie G. GPX4-mediated bone ferroptosis under mechanical stress decreased bone formation via the YAP-TEAD signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18231. [PMID: 38494855 PMCID: PMC10945084 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fracture of the alveolar bone resorption is a common complication in orthodontic treatment, which mainly caused by extreme mechanical loading. However, the ferroptosis with orthodontic tooth movement(OTM) relationship has not been thoroughly described. We here analysed whether ferroptosis is involved in OTM-associated alveolar bone loss. Mouse osteoblasts (MC-3T3) and knockdown glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) MC-3T3 were stimulated with compressive force loading and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor), and the changes in lipid peroxidation morphology, expression of ferroptosis-related factors and osteogenesis levels were detected. After establishing the rat experimental OTM model, the changes in ferroptosis-related factors and osteogenesis levels were reevaluated in the same manner. Ferroptosis was involved in mechanical stress regulating osteoblast remodelling, and Fer-1 and erastin affected osteoblasts under compression force loading. Fer-1 regulated ferroptosis and autophagy in MC-3T3 and promoted bone proliferation. GPX4-dependent ferroptosis stimulated the YAP (homologous oncoproteins Yes-associated protein) pathway, and GPX4 promoted ferroptosis via the YAP-TEAD (transcriptional enhanced associate domain) signal pathway under mechanical compression force. The in vivo experiment results were consistent with the in vitro experiment results. Ferroptosis transpires during the motion of orthodontic teeth, with compression force side occurring earlier than stretch side within 4 h. GPX4 plays an important role in alveolar bone loss, while Fer-1 can inhibit the compression force-side alveolar bone loss. GPX4's Hippo-YAP pathway is activated by the lack of compression force in the lateral alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Mengjia
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesJinanShandongChina
| | - Ji Jun
- Department of OrthodonticsNanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhang Xin
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesJinanShandongChina
| | - Zhang Jiahao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesJinanShandongChina
| | - Guo Jie
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesJinanShandongChina
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Shea MK, Strath L, Kim M, Ðoàn LN, Booth SL, Brinkley TE, Kritchevsky SB. Perspective: Promoting Healthy Aging through Nutrition: A Research Centers Collaborative Network Workshop Report. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100199. [PMID: 38432592 PMCID: PMC10965474 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Within 20 y, the number of adults in the United States over the age of 65 y is expected to more than double and the number over age 85 y is expected to more than triple. The risk for most chronic diseases and disabilities increases with age, so this demographic shift carries significant implications for the individual, health care providers, and population health. Strategies that delay or prevent the onset of age-related diseases are becoming increasingly important. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the contribution of nutrition to healthy aging, it has become increasingly apparent that much remains to be learned, especially because the aging process is highly variable. Most federal nutrition programs and nutrition research studies define all adults over age 65 y as "older" and do not account for physiological and metabolic changes that occur throughout older adulthood that influence nutritional needs. Moreover, the older adult population is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse, so cultural preferences and other social determinants of health need to be considered. The Research Centers Collaborative Network sponsored a 1.5-d multidisciplinary workshop that included sessions on dietary patterns in health and disease, timing and targeting interventions, and health disparities and the social context of diet and food choice. The agenda and presentations can be found at https://www.rccn-aging.org/nutrition-2023-rccn-workshop. Here we summarize the workshop's themes and discussions and highlight research gaps that if filled will considerably advance our understanding of the role of nutrition in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyla Shea
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Larissa Strath
- College of Medicine, Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Minjee Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Institute of Public Health Medicine, Center for Applied Health Research on Aging, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lan N Ðoàn
- Department for Population Health, Section for Health Equity, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sarah L Booth
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tina E Brinkley
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Zürcher A, Knabben L, von Gernler M, Stute P. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and breast cancer: a systematic review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:1175-1181. [PMID: 37966517 PMCID: PMC10894078 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Short-acting progestin-only injectables containing depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) are a safe method of contraception. Although DMPA has been available for several decades, there is little data on its influence on the risk of breast cancer. Hence, the aim of this paper was to provide an overview of the existing studies and create clarity regarding a possible association with breast cancer. METHODS Literature searches were executed in MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP. Search terms were related to DMPA and breast cancer. After elimination of duplicates, 3'850 studies were identified and assessed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, ten studies were selected and included in this review. RESULTS All the selected papers were case-control-studies, except for one pooled analysis and one study comparing observed and expected number of cancer cases. Most of the included studies found no overall elevated breast cancer incidence in DMPA users, only one study found a slightly increased risk and two studies concluded with a significant increase for the overall breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION There is little evidence that DMPA may increase the overall risk for breast cancer. However, the incidence of breast cancer is possibly increased in current and more recent users, especially in women younger than 35 years. Long-term use did not result in any risk increase. Nevertheless, further studies will be necessary to confirm these findings and weigh up the individual risks and benefits of this contraceptive method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Knabben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University Clinic Bern, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 19, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc von Gernler
- Medical Library, University Library of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Petra Stute
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, University Clinic Bern, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 19, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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38
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Bermudez B, Brown KC, Vahidi G, Ferreira Ruble AC, Heveran CM, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Sherk VD. Sex-specific effects of Fat-1 transgene on bone material properties, size, and shape in mice. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziad011. [PMID: 38523667 PMCID: PMC10958611 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 10/20/2024] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Western diets are becoming increasingly common around the world. Western diets have high omega 6 (ω-6) and omega 3 (ω-3) fatty acids and are linked to bone loss in humans and animals. Dietary fats are not created equal; therefore, it is vital to understand the effects of specific dietary fats on bone. We aimed to determine how altering the endogenous ratios of ω-6:ω-3 fatty acids impacts bone accrual, strength, and fracture toughness. To accomplish this, we used the Fat-1 transgenic mice, which carry a gene responsible for encoding a ω-3 fatty acid desaturase that converts ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids. Male and female Fat-1 positive mice (Fat-1) and Fat-1 negative littermates (WT) were given either a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) at 4 wk of age for 16 wk. The Fat-1 transgene reduced fracture toughness in males. Additionally, male BMD, measured from DXA, decreased over the diet duration for HFD mice. In males, neither HFD feeding nor the presence of the Fat-1 transgene impacted cortical geometry, trabecular architecture, or whole-bone flexural properties, as detected by main group effects. In females, Fat-1-LFD mice experienced increases in BMD compared to WT-LFD mice; however, cortical area, distal femur trabecular thickness, and cortical stiffness were reduced in Fat-1 mice compared to pooled WT controls. However, reductions in stiffness were caused by a decrease in bone size and were not driven by changes in material properties. Together, these results demonstrate that the endogenous ω-6:ω-3 fatty acid ratio influences bone material properties in a sex-dependent manner. In addition, Fat-1 mediated fatty acid conversion was not able to mitigate the adverse effects of HFD on bone strength and accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bermudez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Kenna C Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Ghazal Vahidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Ana C Ferreira Ruble
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Chelsea M Heveran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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Sowińska-Przepiera E, Krzyścin M, Syrenicz I, Ćwiertnia A, Orlińska A, Ćwiek D, Branecka-Woźniak D, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Bumbulienė Ž, Syrenicz A. Evaluation of Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture and Bone Mineral Density in Young Women, Including Selected Hormonal Parameters. Biomedicines 2024; 12:758. [PMID: 38672114 PMCID: PMC11048270 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The absence of non-invasive methods for assessing bone material and structural changes is a significant diagnostic challenge. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone mineral density (BMD) testing is the gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis. BMD and the trabecular bone score (TBS) have facilitated targeted osteoporosis prevention and treatment in clinical settings. The findings from this study indicate that BMD modulation in young women is influenced by various hormones, potentially compromising the diagnostic precision of BMD for subclinical bone demineralization. A total of 205 women aged 19 to 37 underwent anthropometric measurements and hormonal tests. BMD was determined using DXA, and TBS values were computed from the lumbar spine L1-L4 segment. The multivariate analysis findings suggest that BMD might not be determined by hormones. The relationship between TBS and TSH was statistically significant in the univariate analysis, which indicates the efficacy of further studies to determine the link between TBS and specific hormones. Analyzing the strength of the correlation between TBS and hormones in the univariate analysis shows which factors are worth considering in further analyses. This makes it possible to create better techniques that will help identify young women who are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera
- Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (I.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Mariola Krzyścin
- Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Igor Syrenicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (I.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrianna Ćwiertnia
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.Ć.); (A.O.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Adrianna Orlińska
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.Ć.); (A.O.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Dorota Ćwiek
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dorota Branecka-Woźniak
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Health, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (A.Ć.); (A.O.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Žana Bumbulienė
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Anhelli Syrenicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (I.S.); (A.S.)
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Bezerra A, Boppre G, Freitas L, Battista F, Duregon F, Faggian S, Busetto L, Ermolao A, Fonseca H. Body Composition Changes in Adolescents Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:107-120. [PMID: 38172484 PMCID: PMC10933211 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review and meta-analysis is to characterize the changes in body composition of children and adolescents who underwent bariatric surgery and identify possible negative effects of performing this procedure during pediatric ages. RECENT FINDINGS Bariatric surgery in children and adolescents is an emerging strategy to promote higher and faster body weight and fat mass losses. However, possible negative effects usually observed in surgical patients' muscle-skeletal system raise a major concern perform this intervention during growth. Despite these possible issues, most experimental studies and reviews analyze bariatric surgery's effectiveness only by assessing anthropometric outcomes such as body weight and BMI, disregarding the short- and long-term impact of bariatric surgery on all body composition outcomes. Bariatric surgery is effective to reduce fat mass in adolescents, as well as body weight, waist circumference, and BMI. Significant reduction in lean mass and fat-free mass is also observed. Bone mass seems not to be impaired. All outcomes reduction were observed only in the first 12 months after surgery. Sensitivity analysis suggests possible sex and type of surgery-related differences, favoring a higher fat mass, body weight, and BMI losses in boys and in patients who underwent RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Bezerra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Giorjines Boppre
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Human Motricity Research Center, University Adventista, Chillean, Chile
| | - Laura Freitas
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesca Battista
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Federica Duregon
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Faggian
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ermolao
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Clinical Network of Sports and Exercise Medicine of the Veneto Region, Padova, Italy
| | - Hélder Fonseca
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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Lalayiannis AD, Soeiro EMD, Moysés RMA, Shroff R. Chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder in childhood and young adulthood: a 'growing' understanding. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:723-739. [PMID: 37624528 PMCID: PMC10817832 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) mineral and bone disorder (MBD) comprises a triad of biochemical abnormalities (of calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D), bone abnormalities (turnover, mineralization and growth) and extra-skeletal calcification. Mineral dysregulation leads to bone demineralization causing bone pain and an increased fracture risk compared to healthy peers. Vascular calcification, with hydroxyapatite deposition in the vessel wall, is a part of the CKD-MBD spectrum and, in turn, leads to vascular stiffness, left ventricular hypertrophy and a very high cardiovascular mortality risk. While the growing bone requires calcium, excess calcium can deposit in the vessels, such that the intake of calcium, calcium- containing medications and high calcium dialysate need to be carefully regulated. Normal physiological bone mineralization continues into the third decade of life, many years beyond the rapid growth in childhood and adolescence, implying that skeletal calcium requirements are much higher in younger people compared to the elderly. Much of the research into the link between bone (de)mineralization and vascular calcification in CKD has been performed in older adults and these data must not be extrapolated to children or younger adults. In this article, we explore the physiological changes in bone turnover and mineralization in children and young adults, the pathophysiology of mineral bone disease in CKD and a potential link between bone demineralization and vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Lalayiannis
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
- University College London Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| | | | - Rosa M A Moysés
- Sao Paulo University Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rukshana Shroff
- University College London Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Beglarian E, Costello E, Walker DI, Wang H, Alderete TL, Chen Z, Valvi D, Baumert BO, Rock S, Rubbo B, Aung MT, Gilliland FD, Goran MI, Jones DP, McConnell R, Eckel SP, Conti DV, Goodrich JA, Chatzi L. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and longitudinal changes in bone mineral density in adolescents and young adults: A multi-cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117611. [PMID: 38061983 PMCID: PMC10922273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may impair bone development in adolescence, which impacts life-long bone health. No previous studies have examined prospective associations of individual PFAS and their mixture with bone mineral density (BMD) changes in Hispanic young persons, a population at high risk of osteoporosis in adulthood. OBJECTIVES To examine associations of individual PFAS and PFAS mixtures with longitudinal changes in BMD in an adolescent Hispanic cohort and examine generalizability of findings in a mixed-ethnicity young adult cohort (58.4% Hispanic). METHODS Overweight/obese adolescents from the Study of Latino Adolescents at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (SOLAR; n = 304; mean follow-up = 1.4 years) and young adults from the Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS; n = 137; mean follow-up = 4.1 years) were included in this study. Plasma PFAS were measured at baseline and dual x-ray absorptiometry scans were performed at baseline and follow-up to measure BMD. We estimated longitudinal associations between BMD and five PFAS via separate covariate-adjusted linear mixed effects models, and between BMD and the PFAS mixture via quantile g-computation. RESULTS In SOLAR adolescents, baseline plasma perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was associated with longitudinal changes in BMD. Each doubling of PFOS was associated with an average -0.003 g/cm2 difference in change in trunk BMD per year over follow-up (95% CI: -0.005, -0.0002). Associations with PFOS persisted in CHS young adults, where each doubling of plasma PFOS was associated with an average -0.032 g/cm2 difference in total BMD at baseline (95% CI -0.062, -0.003), though longitudinal associations were non-significant. We did not find associations of other PFAS with BMD; associations of the PFAS mixture with BMD outcomes were primarily negative though non-significant. DISCUSSION PFOS exposure was associated with lower BMD in adolescence and young adulthood, important periods for bone development, which may have implications on future bone health and risk of osteoporosis in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Beglarian
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Elizabeth Costello
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Douglas I Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hongxu Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brittney O Baumert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Rock
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bruna Rubbo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Max T Aung
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jesse A Goodrich
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Aldhbiban L, Alhoshan F, Alomari R, Almatrafi SA, Alanazi Y, Alsayegh S, Alfaraidi HY, Jawadi AH, Aljuraibah FN. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Limb Fractures in Saudi Children. Cureus 2024; 16:e56568. [PMID: 38646263 PMCID: PMC11030570 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's bones are at high risk of fracture as they grow. The clinical characteristics of fractures in children differ from those in adults. Studying fractures in healthy children is critical for identifying cases of fragility fractures. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics of limb fractures as well as clinical indicators of fracture healing outcomes in healthy Saudi children seen in an emergency room. METHODS A retrospective review of the treatment course of all pediatric fractures and related factors treated at King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital (KASCH) in Riyadh between 2016 and 2018 was conducted. Children with a primary bone disorder or chronic comorbidities known to affect bone health were excluded. RESULTS The study included 143 patients (mean age ± SD = 8.23 + 3.76 years), and 71% (n = 102) were males. Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) were the most common mechanism of injury, accounting for 50 (35%) cases, followed by fall injuries, sports injuries, and pedestrian accidents at 45 (31.4%), 16 (11.2%), and 13 (9.1%), respectively. A total of 178 fractures were reported, with the femur (n = 75, 42.1%) being the most common of the reported fracture sites, followed by the forearm (n = 44, 24.7%). The most common type of fracture was transverse fracture (n = 96, 54% of patients). Vitamin D levels were measured in 53/143 cases. Of these, vitamin D deficiency was found in 38 (71.7%) patients. The average time for fracture healing was 32.9 ± 30.2 weeks. The mechanisms of injury, including MVAs and sports injuries, as well as femur and forearm fractures, were clinical factors that were independently associated with a longer duration of fracture healing time (p < 0.001), but age, gender, and vitamin D status were not associated with that outcome. CONCLUSION MVAs and fall injuries were the most common causes of fracture in our patients. MVAs and sports injuries were associated with prolonged healing time. Large prospective, multicenter, or field studies may be required to further explore clinical characteristics, outcomes, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Aldhbiban
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Fai Alhoshan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Raghad Alomari
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Shahad A Almatrafi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Yousef Alanazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Samir Alsayegh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Haifa Y Alfaraidi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ayman H Jawadi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Fahad N Aljuraibah
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, SAU
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Smit A, Meijer O, Winter E. The multi-faceted nature of age-associated osteoporosis. Bone Rep 2024; 20:101750. [PMID: 38566930 PMCID: PMC10985042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-associated osteoporosis (AAOP) poses a significant health burden, characterized by increased fracture risk due to declining bone mass and strength. Effective prevention and early treatment strategies are crucial to mitigate the disease burden and the associated healthcare costs. Current therapeutic approaches effectively target the individual contributing factors to AAOP. Nonetheless, the management of AAOP is complicated by the multitude of variables that affect its development. Main intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to AAOP risk are reviewed here, including mechanical unloading, nutrient deficiency, hormonal disbalance, disrupted metabolism, cognitive decline, inflammation and circadian disruption. Furthermore, it is discussed how these can be targeted for prevention and treatment. Although valuable as individual targets for intervention, the interconnectedness of these risk factors result in a unique etiology for every patient. Acknowledgement of the multifaceted nature of AAOP will enable the development of more effective and sustainable management strategies, based on a holistic, patient-centered approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.E. Smit
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - O.C. Meijer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E.M. Winter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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45
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Fernández-Villabrille S, Martín-Carro B, Martín-Vírgala J, Rodríguez-Santamaria MDM, Baena-Huerta F, Muñoz-Castañeda JR, Fernández-Martín JL, Alonso-Montes C, Naves-Díaz M, Carrillo-López N, Panizo S. Novel Biomarkers of Bone Metabolism. Nutrients 2024; 16:605. [PMID: 38474734 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone represents a metabolically active tissue subject to continuous remodeling orchestrated by the dynamic interplay between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. These cellular processes are modulated by a complex interplay of biochemical and mechanical factors, which are instrumental in assessing bone remodeling. This comprehensive evaluation aids in detecting disorders arising from imbalances between bone formation and reabsorption. Osteoporosis, characterized by a reduction in bone mass and strength leading to heightened bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures, is one of the more prevalent chronic diseases. Some epidemiological studies, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), have identified an association between osteoporosis and vascular calcification. Notably, low bone mineral density has been linked to an increased incidence of aortic calcification, with shared molecules, mechanisms, and pathways between the two processes. Certain molecules emerging from these shared pathways can serve as biomarkers for bone and mineral metabolism. Detecting and evaluating these alterations early is crucial, requiring the identification of biomarkers that are reliable for early intervention. While traditional biomarkers for bone remodeling and vascular calcification exist, they suffer from limitations such as low specificity, low sensitivity, and conflicting results across studies. In response, efforts are underway to explore new, more specific biomarkers that can detect alterations at earlier stages. The aim of this review is to comprehensively examine some of the emerging biomarkers in mineral metabolism and their correlation with bone mineral density, fracture risk, and vascular calcification as well as their potential use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Villabrille
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martín-Carro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julia Martín-Vírgala
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Baena-Huerta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Rafael Muñoz-Castañeda
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Luis Fernández-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Naves-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Natalia Carrillo-López
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Panizo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), RICORS2040 (Kidney Disease), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Lee M, Kwon A, Song K, Lee HI, Choi HS, Suh J, Chae HW, Kim HS. Effectiveness and safety of pamidronate treatment in nonambulatory children with low bone mineral density. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 29:46-53. [PMID: 38461805 PMCID: PMC10925781 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2346028.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonambulatory pediatric patients may have low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of pathologic fractures. Though bisphosphonate therapy is the mainstream medical intervention in these children, clinical data regarding this treatment are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of bisphosphonate therapy in such children. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 21 nonambulatory children (Gross Motor Function Classification System level V) with BMD z-score ≤ -2.0 who were treated with intravenous pamidronate for at least 1 year. These patients received pamidronate every 4 months at a dose of 1.0 to 3.0 mg/kg for each cycle and had regular follow-ups for at least 1 year. The main outcome measures were changes in BMD, risk rate of fracture, biochemical data, and adverse events. RESULTS The average duration of pamidronate treatment was 2.0±0.9 years, and the mean cumulative dose of pamidronate according to body weight was 7.7±2.5 mg/kg/yr. After treatment, the mean lumbar spine bone mineral content, BMD, and height-for-age-z-score-adjusted BMD z-score (BMDhazZ) significantly improved. The relative risk of fracture after treatment was 0.21 (p=0.0032), suggesting that pamidronate treatment reduced fracture incidence significantly. The increase in the average dose per body weight in each cycle significantly increased the changes in BMDhazZ. CONCLUSION Pamidronate treatment improved the bone health of nonambulatory children with low bone density without any significant adverse events. Independent of cumulative dosage and duration of treatment, the effectiveness of pamidronate increased significantly with an increase in the average dose per body weight in subsequent cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongseob Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahreum Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungchul Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae In Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Saem Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Junghwan Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Nesbeth PDC, Ziegler TR, Tripathi AK, Dabeer S, Weiss D, Hao L, Smith MR, Jones DP, Maner-Smith KM, Tu CL, Chang W, Weitzmann MN, Alvarez JA. Linoleic acid blunts early osteoblast differentiation and impairs oxidative phosphorylation in vitro. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 201:102617. [PMID: 38788347 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linoleic acid (LNA), an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), plays a crucial role in cellular functions. However, excessive intake of LNA, characteristic of Western diets, can have detrimental effects on cells and organs. Human observational studies have shown an inverse relationship between plasma LNA concentrations and bone mineral density. The mechanism by which LNA impairs the skeleton is unclear, and there is a paucity of research on the effects of LNA on bone-forming osteoblasts. METHODS The effect of LNA on osteoblast differentiation, cellular bioenergetics, and production of oxidized PUFA metabolites in vitro, was studied using primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursors. RESULTS LNA treatment decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, but had no effect on committed osteoblasts or on mineralization by differentiated osteoblasts. LNA suppressed osteoblast commitment by blunting the expression of Runx2 and Osterix, key transcription factors involved in osteoblast differentiation, and other key osteoblast-related factors involved in bone formation. LNA treatment was associated with increased production of oxidized LNA- and arachidonic acid-derived metabolites and blunted oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased ATP production. CONCLUSION Our results show that LNA inhibited early differentiation of osteoblasts and this inhibitory effect was associated with increased production of oxidized PUFA metabolites that likely impaired energy production via oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula-Dene C Nesbeth
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ashish Kumar Tripathi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sadaf Dabeer
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Li Hao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew R Smith
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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48
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Rodrick E, Kindler JM. Bone mass accrual in children. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2024; 31:53-59. [PMID: 38010050 PMCID: PMC11015822 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone accrual during childhood and adolescence is critical for the attainment of peak bone mass and is a major contributing factor towards osteoporosis in later life. Bone mass accrual is influenced by nonmodifiable factors, such as genetics, sex, race, ethnicity, and puberty, as well as modifiable factors, such as physical activity and diet. Recent progress in bone imaging has allowed clinicians and researchers to better measure the morphology, density, and strength of the growing skeleton, thereby encompassing key characteristics of peak bone strength. In this review, the patterning of bone accrual and contributors to these changes will be described, as well as new techniques assessing bone mass and strength in pediatric research and clinical settings. RECENT FINDINGS This review discusses factors influencing peak bone mass attainment and techniques used to assess the human skeleton. SUMMARY The rate of bone accrual and the magnitude of peak bone mass attainment occurs in specific patterns varying by sex, race, ethnicity, longitudinal growth, and body composition. Physical activity, diet, and nutritional status impact these processes. There is a need for longitudinal studies utilizing novel imaging modalities to unveil factors involved in the attainment and maintenance of peak bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Rodrick
- University of Georgia, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Skinner AM, Barker AR, Moore SA, Soininen S, Haapala EA, Väistö J, Westgate K, Brage S, Lakka TA, Vlachopoulos D. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the 24-hour movement behaviours, including muscle and bone strengthening activity, with bone and lean mass from childhood to adolescence. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:227. [PMID: 38238707 PMCID: PMC10797891 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sport and exercise as a proxy measure of muscle and bone strengthening activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep were associated with total-body-less-head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC) and TBLH lean mass cross-sectionally and longitudinally from age 6 to 9 years and age 9 to 11 years to age 15 to 17 years. METHODS We used longitudinal data from a population sample of Finnish children from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study (age 6 to 9 years: n = 478, 229 females; age 9 to 11 years: n = 384, 197 females; age 15 to 17 years: n = 222, 103 females). Linear regression analysed the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between accelerometer-assessed MVPA, sedentary time and sleep, and questionnaire-assessed sport and exercise participation and screen time with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed TBLH BMC and lean mass. RESULTS In females, MVPA at age 6 to 9 years was positively associated with TBLH BMC at age 15 to 17 years (β = 0.008, p = 0.010). Sport and exercise at age 9 to 11 years was positively associated with TBLH BMC (β = 0.020, p = 0.002) and lean mass (β = 0.343, p = 0.040) at age 15 to 17 years. MVPA at age 9 to 11 years was positively associated with TBLH lean mass (β = 0.272, p = 0.004) at age 15 to 17 years. In males, sleep at age 6 to 9 years was positively associated with TBLH lean mass (β = 0.382, p = 0.003) at age 15 to 17 years. Sport and exercise at age 9 to 11 years was positively associated with TBLH BMC (β = 0.027, p = 0.012) and lean mass (β = 0.721, p < 0.001) at age 15 to 17 years. CONCLUSIONS Promoting engagement in the 24-hour movement behaviours in childhood, particularly sport and exercise to strengthen muscle and bone, is important in supporting bone and lean mass development in adolescence. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01803776; first trial registration date: 04/03/2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie M Skinner
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Sonja Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Physician and Nursing Services, Health and Social Services Centre, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Varkaus, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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Kopiczko A, Czapla M, Juárez-Vela R, Ross C, Uchmanowicz B. Dairy product consumption, eating habits, sedentary behaviour and physical activity association with bone mineral density among adolescent boys: a cross-sectional observational study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:53. [PMID: 38233826 PMCID: PMC10792931 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During childhood and adolescence, skeletal microarchitecture and bone mineral density (BMD) undergo significant changes. Peak bone mass is built and its level significantly affects the condition of bones in later years of life. Understanding the modifiable factors that improve bone parameters at an early age is necessary to early prevent osteoporosis. To identify these modifiable factors we analysed the relationship between dairy product consumption, eating habits, sedentary behaviour, and level of physical activity with BMD in 115 young boys (14-17 years). METHODS Bone parameters were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry using paediatric specific software to compile the data. Dairy product consumption and eating habits were assessed by means of a dietary interview. Sedentary behaviour and physical activity was assessed in a face-to-face interview conducted using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data collection on total physical activity level was performed by collecting information on the number of days and the duration of vigorous and moderate intensity (MVPA) and average daily time spent in sitting (SIT time). RESULTS The strongest relationships with BMD in distal part of forearm were found for moderate plus vigorous activity, sit time, and intake of dairy products, intake of calcium, protein, vitamin D, phosphorus from diet. Relationships between BMD, bone mineral content (BMC) in the distal and proximal part of the forearm and PA, sit time and eating parameters were evaluated using the multiple forward stepwise regression. The presented model explained 48-67% (adjusted R2 = 0.48-0.67; p < 0.001) of the variance in bone parameters. The predictor of interactions of three variables: protein intake (g/person/day), vitamin D intake (µg/day) and phosphorus intake (mg/day) was significant for BMD dis (adjusted R2 = 0.59; p < 0.001). The predictor of interactions of two variables: SIT time (h/day) and dairy products (n/day) was significant for BMD prox (adjusted R2 = 0.48; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the predictor of interactions dairy products (n/day), protein intake (g/person/day) and phosphorus intake (mg/day) was significant for BMC prox and dis (adjusted R2 = 0.63-0.67; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High physical activity and optimal eating habits especially adequate intake of important dietary components for bone health such as calcium, protein, vitamin D and phosphorus affect the mineralization of forearm bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kopiczko
- Department of Human Biology, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Czapla
- Department of Emergency Medical Service, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, Wroclaw, 50-566, Poland.
- Group of Research in Care (GRUPAC), Faculty of Health Science, University of La Rioja, Logrono, 26006, Spain.
| | - Raúl Juárez-Vela
- Group of Research in Care (GRUPAC), Faculty of Health Science, University of La Rioja, Logrono, 26006, Spain
| | - Catherine Ross
- Centre for Cardiovascular Health, School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Bartosz Uchmanowicz
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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