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Murray CH, Gannon BM, Winsauer PJ, Cooper ZD, Delatte MS. The Development of Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents in the United States. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:915-955. [PMID: 38849155 PMCID: PMC11331953 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is one of the oldest and widely used substances in the world. Cannabinoids within the cannabis plant, known as phytocannabinoids, mediate cannabis' effects through interactions with the body's endogenous cannabinoid system. This endogenous system, the endocannabinoid system, has important roles in physical and mental health. These roles point to the potential to develop cannabinoids as therapeutic agents while underscoring the risks related to interfering with the endogenous system during nonmedical use. This scoping narrative review synthesizes the current evidence for both the therapeutic and adverse effects of the major (i.e., Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol) and lesser studied minor phytocannabinoids, from nonclinical to clinical research. We pay particular attention to the areas where evidence is well established, including analgesic effects after acute exposures and neurocognitive risks after acute and chronic use. In addition, drug development considerations for cannabinoids as therapeutic agents within the United States are reviewed. The proposed clinical study design considerations encourage methodological standards for greater scientific rigor and reproducibility to ultimately extend our knowledge of the risks and benefits of cannabinoids for patients and providers. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work provides a review of prior research related to phytocannabinoids, including therapeutic potential and known risks in the context of drug development within the United States. We also provide study design considerations for future cannabinoid drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor H Murray
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (C.H.M.) and Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Z.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine (B.M.G.) and Office of Research Regulatory Affairs, Division of Research and Innovation (B.M.G.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine (P.J.W.), and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence (P.J.W.) Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and Regulatory and Drug Development Consulting, Allucent, Carey, North Carolina (M.S.D.)
| | - Brenda M Gannon
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (C.H.M.) and Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Z.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine (B.M.G.) and Office of Research Regulatory Affairs, Division of Research and Innovation (B.M.G.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine (P.J.W.), and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence (P.J.W.) Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and Regulatory and Drug Development Consulting, Allucent, Carey, North Carolina (M.S.D.)
| | - Peter J Winsauer
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (C.H.M.) and Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Z.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine (B.M.G.) and Office of Research Regulatory Affairs, Division of Research and Innovation (B.M.G.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine (P.J.W.), and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence (P.J.W.) Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and Regulatory and Drug Development Consulting, Allucent, Carey, North Carolina (M.S.D.)
| | - Ziva D Cooper
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (C.H.M.) and Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Z.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine (B.M.G.) and Office of Research Regulatory Affairs, Division of Research and Innovation (B.M.G.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine (P.J.W.), and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence (P.J.W.) Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and Regulatory and Drug Development Consulting, Allucent, Carey, North Carolina (M.S.D.)
| | - Marcus S Delatte
- UCLA Center for Cannabis and Cannabinoids, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (C.H.M.) and Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Z.D.C.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine (B.M.G.) and Office of Research Regulatory Affairs, Division of Research and Innovation (B.M.G.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine (P.J.W.), and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence (P.J.W.) Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana; and Regulatory and Drug Development Consulting, Allucent, Carey, North Carolina (M.S.D.)
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Hird EJ, Slanina-Davies A, Lewis G, Hamer M, Roiser JP. From movement to motivation: a proposed framework to understand the antidepressant effect of exercise. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:273. [PMID: 38961071 PMCID: PMC11222551 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, exerting a profound negative impact on quality of life in those who experience it. Depression is associated with disruptions to several closely related neural and cognitive processes, including dopamine transmission, fronto-striatal brain activity and connectivity, reward processing and motivation. Physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, reduces depressive symptoms, but the mechanisms driving its antidepressant effects are poorly understood. Here we propose a novel hypothesis for understanding the antidepressant effects of exercise, centred on motivation, across different levels of explanation. There is robust evidence that aerobic exercise decreases systemic inflammation. Inflammation is known to reduce dopamine transmission, which in turn is strongly implicated in effort-based decision making for reward. Drawing on a broad range of research in humans and animals, we propose that by reducing inflammation and boosting dopamine transmission, with consequent effects on effort-based decision making for reward, exercise initially specifically improves 'interest-activity' symptoms of depression-namely anhedonia, fatigue and subjective cognitive impairment - by increasing propensity to exert effort. Extending this framework to the topic of cognitive control, we explain how cognitive impairment in depression may also be conceptualised through an effort-based decision-making framework, which may help to explain the impact of exercise on cognitive impairment. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of exercise could inform the development of novel intervention strategies, in particular personalised interventions and boost social prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Hird
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - A Slanina-Davies
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - G Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Hamer
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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Papa EV, Tolman J, Meyerhoeffer C, Reierson K. Motivational Modulation Enhances Movement Performance in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2024; 29:117-127. [PMID: 39036073 PMCID: PMC11259181 DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2024.2365568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Background The assessment of motivation and its modulation during treatment are essential aspects of physical therapy practice. However, the modulation of motivation has been sparsely investigated in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) and at present no studies have synthesized its effects on movement performance. Objectives 4The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the efficacy of motivational modulation on movement performance in PD and to provide recommendations for its role in physical therapy practice. Methods Systematic identification of published literature was performed adhering to PRISMA guidelines, from January 2005 to March 2023. Keywords were used in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Academic Search Complete, the Cochrane Database, Google Scholar, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). A level of evidence rating was completed according to the scale provided by the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Development Medicine. Quality assessments were performed using the Modified Downs and Black checklist. Results Eight studies were included in this review, all achieving level III evidence. The methodological quality of studies was varied, with most studies attaining a fair rating. Persons with PD performed upper extremity movement tasks with greater intensity when incentivized with larger rewards compared to smaller incentives. Dopamine replacement medication, Deep Brain Stimulation, and a history of depression, had mediating effects on the response to motivational modulation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that it is plausible to improve adherence to exercise when physical therapists modulate motivation through computerized game achievements, gamification of tasks, or other forms of reward and non-rewarding stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan V. Papa
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Jason Tolman
- Acute Care Physical Therapy Residency University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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Visocky V, Turner CJ, Lowrie MH, Alibro A, Messanvi F, Chudasama Y. Noradrenergic modulation of stress induced catecholamine release: Opposing influence of FG7142 and yohimbine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593389. [PMID: 38766011 PMCID: PMC11100835 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Life stress modulates decision making, particularly in the face of risk, in some cases prompting vulnerable populations to make suboptimal, life-altering choices. In the brain, stress is known to alter the extracellular release of catecholamines in structures such as basolateral amygdala (BLA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), but the relationship between catecholamines and decision-making behavior under stress has not been systemically explored. Methods We developed an operant touchscreen decision-making task for rats comprising elements of loss aversion and risk seeking behavior. Rats were first injected systemically with an adrenergicα 2 A -receptor agonist (guanfacine) and antagonist (yohimbine), as well as a partial inverse GABAA agonist, FG 7142, known to induce anxiety and stress related physiological responses in a variety of species, including humans. We then used fiber photometry to monitor NE in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and DA activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) while animals engaged in decision-making and following systemic injections of FG 7142 and yohimbine. Results Neither yohimbine nor guanfacine had any impact on decision making strategy but altered motivational state with yohimbine making the animal almost insensitive to the reward outcome. The pharmacological induction of stress with FG 7142 biased the rats' decisions towards safety, but this bias shifted toward risk when co-treated with yohimbine. In the BLA and NAc, the FG 7142 altered catecholamine release, with systemic yohimbine producing opposing effects on NE and DA release. Conclusions Stress induced changes in catecholamine release in the BLA and NAc can directly influence loss sensitivity, decisions and motivation, which can be modulated by theα 2 A adrenoreceptor antagonist, yohimbine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Visocky
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carleigh J Turner
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew H Lowrie
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony Alibro
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fany Messanvi
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yogita Chudasama
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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D'Aquila PS. Dopamine, activation of ingestion and evaluation of response efficacy: a focus on the within-session time-course of licking burst number. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1111-1124. [PMID: 38702473 PMCID: PMC11106101 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Evidence on the effect of dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptor antagonists on licking microstructure and the forced swimming response led us to suggest that (i) dopamine on D1-like receptors plays a role in activating reward-directed responses and (ii) the level of response activation is reboosted based on a process of evaluation of response efficacy requiring dopamine on D2-like receptors. A main piece of evidence in support of this hypothesis is the observation that the dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist raclopride induces a within-session decrement of burst number occurring after the contact with the reward. The few published studies with a detailed analysis of the time-course of this measure were conducted in our laboratory. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to recapitulate and discuss the evidence in support of the analysis of the within-session burst number as a behavioural substrate for the study of the mechanisms governing ingestion, behavioural activation and the related evaluation processes, and its relevance in the analysis of drug effects on ingestion. CONCLUSIONS The evidence gathered so far suggests that the analysis of the within-session time-course of burst number provides an important behavioural substrate for the study of the mechanisms governing ingestion, behavioural activation and the related evaluation processes, and might provide decisive evidence in the analysis of the effects of drugs on ingestion. However, further evidence from independent sources is necessary to validate the use and the proposed interpretation of this measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo S D'Aquila
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43/b, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
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Brassard SL, Liu H, Dosanjh J, MacKillop J, Balodis I. Neurobiological foundations and clinical relevance of effort-based decision-making. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00890-x. [PMID: 38819540 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Applying effort-based decision-making tasks provides insights into specific variables influencing choice behaviors. The current review summarizes the structural and functional neuroanatomy of effort-based decision-making. Across 39 examined studies, the review highlights the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in forming reward-based predictions, the ventral striatum encoding expected subjective values driven by reward size, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex for monitoring choices to maximize rewards, and specific motor areas preparing for effort expenditure. Neuromodulation techniques, along with shifting environmental and internal states, are promising novel treatment interventions for altering neural alterations underlying decision-making. Our review further articulates the translational promise of this construct into the development, maintenance and treatment of psychiatric conditions, particularly those characterized by reward-, effort- and valuation-related deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Brassard
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Peter Boris Center for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Hanson Liu
- Peter Boris Center for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jadyn Dosanjh
- Peter Boris Center for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Center for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Iris Balodis
- Peter Boris Center for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Lallai V, Congiu C, Craig G, Manca L, Chen YC, Dukes AJ, Fowler CD, Dazzi L. Social isolation postweaning alters reward-related dopamine dynamics in a region-specific manner in adolescent male rats. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 30:100620. [PMID: 38486879 PMCID: PMC10937317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Early development is characterized by dynamic transitions in brain maturation, which may be impacted by environmental factors. Here, we sought to determine the effects of social isolation from postweaning and during adolescence on reward behavior and dopaminergic signaling in male rats. Subjects were socially isolated or group housed at postnatal day 21. Three weeks later, extracellular dopamine concentrations were examined in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens shell (NAc) during a feeding bout. Surprisingly, opposing effects were found in which increased mPFC dopamine concentrations were observed in group housed, but not isolated, rats. In stark contrast, increased dopamine levels were found in the NAc of isolated, but not group housed, rats. Moreover, the absence of an effect in the mPFC of the isolated rats could not be reversed by subsequent group housing, demonstrating the remarkable long-term effects on dopamine signaling dynamics. When provided a highly palatable food, the isolated subjects exhibited a dramatic increase in mPFC dopamine levels when the chocolate was novel, but no effects following chronic chocolate consumption. In contrast, the group housed subjects showed significantly increased dopamine levels only with chronic chocolate consumption. The dopamine changes were correlated with differences in behavioral measures. Importantly, the deficit in reward-related behavior during isolation could be reversed by microinjection of either dopamine or cocaine into the mPFC. Together, these data provide evidence that social isolation from postweaning and during adolescence alters reward-induced dopamine levels in a brain region-specific manner, which has important functional implications for reward-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lallai
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Cristina Congiu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Giulia Craig
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Letizia Manca
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Yen-Chu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Angeline J. Dukes
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Christie D. Fowler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Laura Dazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, Centre of Excellence for the Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Reich N, Mannino M, Kotler S. Using caffeine as a chemical means to induce flow states. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105577. [PMID: 38331128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Flow is an intrinsically rewarding state characterised by positive affect and total task absorption. Because cognitive and physical performance are optimal in flow, chemical means to facilitate this state are appealing. Caffeine, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, has been emphasized as a potential flow-inducer. Thus, we review the psychological and biological effects of caffeine that, conceptually, enhance flow. Caffeine may facilitate flow through various effects, including: i) upregulation of dopamine D1/D2 receptor affinity in reward-associated brain areas, leading to greater energetic arousal and 'wanting'; ii) protection of dopaminergic neurons; iii) increases in norepinephrine release and alertness, which offset sleep-deprivation and hypoarousal; iv) heightening of parasympathetic high frequency heart rate variability, resulting in improved cortical stress appraisal, v) modification of striatal endocannabinoid-CB1 receptor-signalling, leading to enhanced stress tolerance; and vi) changes in brain network activity in favour of executive function and flow. We also discuss the application of caffeine to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and caveats. We hope to inspire studies assessing the use of caffeine to induce flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Island Research Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK.
| | - Michael Mannino
- Flow Research Collective, USA; Miami Dade College, Miami, FL, USA
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Rudroff T. Decoding Post-Viral Fatigue: The Basal Ganglia's Complex Role in Long-COVID. Neurol Int 2024; 16:380-393. [PMID: 38668125 PMCID: PMC11054322 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-COVID afflicts millions with relentless fatigue, disrupting daily life. The objective of this narrative review is to synthesize current evidence on the role of the basal ganglia in long-COVID fatigue, discuss potential mechanisms, and highlight promising therapeutic interventions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Mounting evidence from PET, MRI, and functional connectivity data reveals basal ganglia disturbances in long-COVID exhaustion, including inflammation, metabolic disruption, volume changes, and network alterations focused on striatal dopamine circuitry regulating motivation. Theories suggest inflammation-induced signaling disturbances could impede effort/reward valuation, disrupt cortical-subcortical motivational pathways, or diminish excitatory input to arousal centers, attenuating drive initiation. Recent therapeutic pilots targeting basal ganglia abnormalities show provisional efficacy. However, heterogeneous outcomes, inconsistent metrics, and perceived versus objective fatigue discrepancies temper insights. Despite the growing research, gaps remain in understanding the precise pathways linking basal ganglia dysfunction to fatigue and validating treatment efficacy. Further research is needed to advance understanding of the basal ganglia's contribution to long-COVID neurological sequelae and offer hope for improving function across the expanding affected population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Rudroff
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(319)-467-0363; Fax: +1-(319)-355-6669
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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10
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Ouaidat S, Amaral IM, Monteiro DG, Harati H, Hofer A, El Rawas R. Orexins/Hypocretins: Gatekeepers of Social Interaction and Motivation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2609. [PMID: 38473854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of the brain's orexin/hypocretin system, most research was directed toward unveiling its contribution to the normal functioning of individuals. The investigation of reward-seeking behaviors then gained a lot of attention once the distribution of orexinergic neurons was revealed. Here, we discuss findings on the involvement of orexins in social interaction, a natural reward type. While some studies have succeeded in defining the relationship between orexin and social interaction, the controversy regarding its nature (direct or inverse relation) raises questions about what aspects have been overlooked until now. Upon examining the literature, we identified a research gap concerning conditions influencing the impact of orexins on social behavior expression. In this review, we introduce a number of factors (e.g., stress, orexin's source) that must be considered while studying the role of orexins in social interaction. Furthermore, we refer to published research to investigate the stage at which orexins affect social interaction and we highlight the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell's role in social interaction and other rewarding behaviors. Finally, the underlying orexin molecular pathway influencing social motivation in particular illnesses is proposed. We conclude that orexin's impact on social interaction is multifactorial and depends on specific conditions available at a time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ouaidat
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 1533, Lebanon
| | - Inês M Amaral
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Diogo G Monteiro
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hayat Harati
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 1533, Lebanon
| | - Alex Hofer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rana El Rawas
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Brissenden JA, Scerbak T, Albin RL, Lee TG. Motivational Vigor in Parkinson's Disease Requires the Short and Long Duration Response to Levodopa. Mov Disord 2024; 39:76-84. [PMID: 38062630 PMCID: PMC10842158 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired movement vigor (bradykinesia) is a cardinal feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and hypothesized to result from abnormal motivational processes-impaired motivation-vigor coupling. Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) improves bradykinesia, but the response to DRT is multifaceted, comprising a short-duration response (SDR) and a long-duration response (LDR) only manifesting with chronic treatment. Prior experiments assessing motivation-vigor coupling in PD used chronically treated subjects, obscuring the roles of the SDR and LDR. METHODS To disambiguate the SDR and LDR, 11 de novo PD subjects (6 male [M]:5 female [F]; mean age, 67) were studied before treatment, after an acute levodopa (l-dopa) dose, and in both the practical "off" (LDR) and "on" (LDR + SDR) states after chronic stable treatment. At each visit, subjects were characterized with a standard battery including the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and an incentivized joystick task to assess motor performance in response to varying rewards. RESULTS l-Dopa induced a robust SDR and LDR, with further improvement in the combined SDR + LDR state. At baseline, after acute treatment (SDR), and after LDR induction, subjects did not exhibit the normal increase in movement speed with increasing reward. Only in the combined SDR + LDR state was there restoration of motivation-vigor coupling. CONCLUSIONS Although consistent with prior results in chronically treated PD subjects, the significant improvement in motor performance observed with the SDR and LDR suggests that bradykinesia is not solely secondary to deficient modulation of motivational processes. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Brissenden
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Teresa Scerbak
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Neurology Service and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Taraz G Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Belge JB, Mulders P, Van Diermen L, Sienaert P, Sabbe B, Abbott CC, Tendolkar I, Schrijvers D, van Eijndhoven P. Reviewing the neurobiology of electroconvulsive therapy on a micro- meso- and macro-level. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110809. [PMID: 37331685 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the one of the most effective of biological antidepressant interventions. However, the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of ECT remain unclear. A gap in the literature is the lack of multimodal research that attempts to integrate findings at different biological levels of analysis METHODS: We searched the PubMed database for relevant studies. We review biological studies of ECT in depression on a micro- (molecular), meso- (structural) and macro- (network) level. RESULTS ECT impacts both peripheral and central inflammatory processes, triggers neuroplastic mechanisms and modulates large scale neural network connectivity. CONCLUSIONS Integrating this vast body of existing evidence, we are tempted to speculate that ECT may have neuroplastic effects resulting in the modulation of connectivity between and among specific large-scale networks that are altered in depression. These effects could be mediated by the immunomodulatory properties of the treatment. A better understanding of the complex interactions between the micro-, meso- and macro- level might further specify the mechanisms of action of ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Belge
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Mulders
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Van Diermen
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Psychiatric Center Bethanië, Andreas Vesaliuslaan 39, Zoersel 2980, Belgium
| | - Pascal Sienaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation (AcCENT), Leuvensesteenweg 517, Kortenberg 3010, Belgium
| | - Bernard Sabbe
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Indira Tendolkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Didier Schrijvers
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center Duffel, Stationstraat 22, Duffel 2570, Belgium
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Tyler J, Podaras M, Richardson B, Roeder N, Hammond N, Hamilton J, Blum K, Gold M, Baron DA, Thanos PK. High intensity interval training exercise increases dopamine D2 levels and modulates brain dopamine signaling. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1257629. [PMID: 38192549 PMCID: PMC10773799 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has outlined the health benefits of exercise including its therapeutic potential for substance use disorders (SUD). These data have already been utilized and it is now common to find exercise as part of SUD treatment and relapse prevention programs. However, we need to better understand different exercise regimens and determine which would be the most beneficial for SUDs. Recently, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has gained attention in comparison with aerobic and resistance exercise. Little is known regarding the neurobiological mechanisms of HIIT, including its effects on dopamine signaling and receptor levels in the brain. The present study examined the effects of chronic HIIT exercise on dopamine signaling as measured by dopamine type 1-like receptor (D1R)-like, dopamine type 2-like receptor (D2R)-like, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) quantification in the brains of male and female rats as measured by [3H] SCH 23390 and [3H] spiperone autoradiography, and TH-immunoreactive optical density values. Methods Rats were separated in two groups: sedentary and HIIT exercise. Exercise was on a treadmill for 30 min daily (10 3 min cycles) for six weeks with progressive speed increased up to 0.8 mph (21.5 m/min). Results Results showed for D2R-like binding, a significant effect across the ventral caudate putamen (V CPU) between sexes, such that mean D2R-like binding was 14% greater for males than females. In the nucleus accumbens shell (Nac Shell), the HIIT Exercise rats showed 16% greater D2R-like binding as compared to the sedentary rats. No significant effects of HIIT exercise were found across groups for brain D1R-like binding levels or TH expression. Conclusion These results suggest that HIIT exercise can modulate dopamine signaling by way of increased D2R. These findings support the premise that HIIT exercise plays an important role in dopamine signaling and, may provide a potential mechanism for how HIIT exercise can impact the brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tyler
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Madeline Podaras
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Brittany Richardson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nikki Hammond
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Center for Sports, Exercsie and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Mark Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David A. Baron
- Center for Sports, Exercsie and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Liu E, Pang K, Liu M, Tan X, Hang Z, Mu S, Han W, Yue Q, Comai S, Sun J. Activation of Kv7 channels normalizes hyperactivity of the VTA-NAcLat circuit and attenuates methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference and sensitization in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5183-5194. [PMID: 37604975 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The brain circuit projecting from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens lateral shell (NAcLat) has a key role in methamphetamine (MA) addiction. As different dopamine (DA) neuron subpopulations in the VTA participate in different neuronal circuits, it is a challenge to isolate these DA neuron subtypes. Using retrograde tracing and Patch-seq, we isolated DA neurons in the VTA-NAcLat circuit in MA-treated mice and performed gene expression profiling. Among the differentially expressed genes, KCNQ genes were dramatically downregulated. KCNQ genes encode Kv7 channel proteins, which modulate neuronal excitability. Injection of both the Kv7.2/3 agonist ICA069673 and the Kv7.4 agonist fasudil into the VTA attenuated MA-induced conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization and decreased neuronal excitability. Increasing Kv7.2/3 activity decreased neural oscillations, synaptic plasticity and DA release in the VTA-NacLat circuit in MA-treated mice. Furthermore, overexpression of only Kv7.3 channels in the VTA-NacLat circuit was sufficient to attenuate MA-induced reward behavior and decrease VTA neuron excitability. Activation of Kv7 channels in the VTA may become a novel treatment strategy for MA abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kunkun Pang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaofang Hang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shouhong Mu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weikai Han
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwei Yue
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Stefano Comai
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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15
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Diaz JC, Dunaway K, Zuniga C, Sheil E, Sadeghian K, Auger AP, Baldo BA. Delayed estrogen actions diminish food consumption without changing food approach, motor activity, or hypothalamic activation elicited by corticostriatal µ-opioid signaling. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1952-1962. [PMID: 37640922 PMCID: PMC10584984 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mu-opioid receptor (μ-OR) signaling in forebrain sites including nucleus accumbens (Acb) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) modulates reward-driven feeding and may play a role in the pathophysiology of disordered eating. In preclinical models, intra-Acb or intra-vmPFC μ-OR stimulation causes overeating and vigorous responding for food rewards. These effects have been studied mainly in male animals, despite demonstrated sex differences and estrogen modulation of central reward systems. Hence, the present study investigated sex differences and estrogen modulation of intra-Acb and intra-vmPFC μ-OR-driven feeding behaviors. First, the dose-related effects of intra-Acb and intra-vmPFC infusions of the μ-OR-selective agonist, DAMGO, were compared among intact female, ovariectomized (OVX) female, and intact male rats. The DAMGO feeding dose-effect function was flattened in intact females relative to the robust, dose-dependent effects observed in OVX females and intact males. Thus, in intact females, intra-Acb DAMGO failed to elevate food intake relative to vehicle, while intra-vmPFC DAMGO elevated food intake, but to a smaller degree compared to males and OVX females. Next, to explore the possible role of estrogen in mediating the diminished DAMGO response observed in intact females, OVX rats were given intra-Acb or intra-vmPFC infusions of DAMGO either immediately after a subcutaneous injection of 17-beta-estradiol 3-benzoate (EB; 5 μg/0.1 mL) or 24 h after EB injection. Intra-Acb DAMGO effects were not changed at the immediate post-EB time point. At the delayed post-EB timepoint, significant lordosis was noted and the duration of intra-Acb DAMGO-driven feeding bouts was significantly reduced, with no change in the number of bouts initiated, locomotor hyperactivity, or Fos immunoreactivity in hypothalamic feeding and arousal systems. Similarly, EB failed to alter the motor-activational effects of intra-vmPFC DAMGO while reducing feeding. These findings indicate that delayed, presumably genomically mediated estrogen actions modulate the μ-OR-generated motivational state by reducing consummatory activity while sparing goal-approach and general arousal/activity. The results additionally suggest that EB regulation of consummatory activity occurs outside of forebrain-μ-OR control of hypothalamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Diaz
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kate Dunaway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carla Zuniga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sheil
- College of Letters and Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ken Sadeghian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anthony P Auger
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian A Baldo
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Watson MR, Traczewski N, Dunghana S, Boroujeni KB, Neumann A, Wen X, Womelsdorf T. A Multi-task Platform for Profiling Cognitive and Motivational Constructs in Humans and Nonhuman Primates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566422. [PMID: 38014107 PMCID: PMC10680597 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Understanding the neurobiological substrates of psychiatric disorders requires comprehensive evaluations of cognitive and motivational functions in preclinical research settings. The translational validity of such evaluations will be supported by (1) tasks with high construct validity that are engaging and easy to teach to human and nonhuman participants, (2) software that enables efficient switching between multiple tasks in single sessions, (3) software that supports tasks across a broad range of physical experimental setups, and (4) by platform architectures that are easily extendable and customizable to encourage future optimization and development. New Method We describe the Multi-task Universal Suite for Experiments ( M-USE ), a software platform designed to meet these requirements. It leverages the Unity video game engine and C# programming language to (1) support immersive and engaging tasks for humans and nonhuman primates, (2) allow experimenters or participants to switch between multiple tasks within-session, (3) generate builds that function across computers, tablets, and websites, and (4) is freely available online with documentation and tutorials for users and developers. M-USE includes a task library with seven pre-existing tasks assessing cognitive and motivational constructs of perception, attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility, motivational and affective self-control, relational long-term memory, and visuo-spatial problem solving. Results M-USE was used to test NHPs on up to six tasks per session, all available as part of the Task Library, and to extract performance metrics for all major cognitive and motivational constructs spanning the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) of the National Institutes of Mental Health. Comparison with Existing Methods Other experiment design and control systems exist, but do not provide the full range of features available in M-USE, including a pre-existing task library for cross-species assessments; the ability to switch seamlessly between tasks in individual sessions; cross-platform build capabilities; license-free availability; and its leveraging of video-engine capabilities used to gamify tasks. Conclusions The new multi-task platform facilitates cross-species translational research for understanding the neurobiological substrates of higher cognitive and motivational functions.
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Matas-Navarro P, Carratalá-Ros C, Olivares-García R, Martínez-Verdú A, Salamone JD, Correa M. Sex and age differences in mice models of effort-based decision-making and anergia in depression: the role of dopamine, and cerebral-dopamine-neurotrophic-factor. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2285-2302. [PMID: 37592005 PMCID: PMC10593617 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) regulates vigor in motivated behavior. While previous results have mainly been performed in male rodents, the present studies compared CD1 male and female mice in effort-based decision-making tests of motivation. These tests offered choices between several reinforcers that require different levels of effort (progressive ratio/choice task and 3-choice-T-maze task). Sweet reinforcers were used in both tasks. In the operant tasks, females worked harder as the task required more effort to access a 10% sucrose solution. Although males and females did not differ in preference for 10% vs 3% solutions under free concurrent presentation, females consumed more of the 10% solution when tested alone. The operant task requires a long period of training and changes in the DA system due to age can be mediating long-term changes in effort. Thus, age and sex factors were evaluated in the T-maze task, which requires only a short training period. Both sexes and ages were equally active when habituated to the running wheel (RW), but females consumed more sweet pellets than males, especially at an older age. Both sexes had a strong preference for the RW compared to more sedentary reinforcers in the 3-choice-T-maze test, but older animals spent less time running and ate more than the young ones. The DA-depleting agent tetrabenazine reduced time running in older mice but not in adolescents. Cerebral-dopamine-neurotrophic-factor was reduced in older mice of both sexes compared to adolescent mice. These results emphasize the importance of taking into account differences in sex and age when evaluating willingness to exert effort for specific reinforcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Matas-Navarro
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Campus de Riu Sec, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Carla Carratalá-Ros
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Campus de Riu Sec, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Régulo Olivares-García
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Campus de Riu Sec, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Andrea Martínez-Verdú
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Campus de Riu Sec, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - John D Salamone
- Behavioral Neuroscience Div., Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Mercè Correa
- Àrea de Psicobiologia, Campus de Riu Sec, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
- Behavioral Neuroscience Div., Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA.
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Lyons S, Depue BE. Not all bad decisions are alike: approach and avoidant bad decisions are associated with distinct network organization. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1249008. [PMID: 37877010 PMCID: PMC10591088 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1249008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Decisions under ambiguity occurs daily for everyone. Subsequently, we all deliberate upon options to initiate an action most appropriate for current goal demands. Researchers has attempted to identify factors which contribute to risk taking, alongside the neurocircuitry underpinning it. Empirically, uncertain decision making is frequently assessed using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Research have reliably identified varying regions implicating two broader circuits known as the reward and salience networks. However, considerable work has focused on contrasting "good" versus "bad" decisions. Methods The present investigation attempted a unique approach to analyzing the modified IGT acquired during fMRI (n = 24) and focused on active and passive bad decisions to identify potential internetwork connectivity, dissociable connectivity patterns between approach and avoidant bad decisions, and their relationship with personality traits, which can be linked with behavioral approach styles. Results Network cluster analyses revealed general internetwork connectivity when passing (avoiding) good decks; however, the OFC was functionally disconnected from the rest of the selected brain regions when playing (approaching) bad decks. Decreased reward responsiveness was linked to increased functional connectivity between the lateral OFC and aSMG, while drive was associated with increased functional connectivity between dACC and aINS. Discussion We report evidence that approach and avoidant bad decisions are associated with distinct neural communication patterns. Avoidant decisions were marked by substantial network integration and coherence, contrasted with the general scarcity of internetwork communication observed for approach decisions. Furthermore, the present investigation observed preliminary evidence of personality traits linked with neural communication between salience and reward evaluative networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj Lyons
- Neuroimaging Laboratory of Cognitive, Affective, and Motoric Processes, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Brendan Eliot Depue
- Neuroimaging Laboratory of Cognitive, Affective, and Motoric Processes, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Rotolo RA, Ecevitoglu A, Presby RE, Lindgren H, Mombereau C, Nicholas C, Moore A, Edelstein GA, Correa M, Salamone JD. Effort-related effects of chronic administration of the DA D 2 receptor antagonist haloperidol via subcutaneous programmable minipumps: Reversal by co-administration of the adenosine A2A antagonist istradefylline. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:2173-2185. [PMID: 37615683 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Long-acting antipsychotics such as haloperidol decanoate are becoming more commonly used. Long-acting depot formulations have several advantages, but secondary negative effects of prolonged delivery, including motivational dysfunctions, could have debilitating effects. Assessing the behavioral changes that emerge during chronic antipsychotic administration in rats could provide insight regarding the development of motivational dysfunctions and drug tolerance. OBJECTIVES Acute administration of dopamine D2 antagonists such as haloperidol induce motivational deficits in rats, as marked by a shift towards a low-effort bias during effort-based choice tasks. In the present studies, programmable subcutaneous infusion pumps provided continuous and controlled drug delivery of haloperidol. Animals were assessed using a fixed ratio (FR) 5 lever pressing schedule and the FR5/chow feeding test of effort-based choice. The adenosine A2A antagonist istradefylline was studied for its ability to reverse the effects of chronic haloperidol. RESULTS Continuous chronic infusions of haloperidol produced significant reductions in FR5 performance and a shift from lever pressing to chow intake in rats tested on FR5/chow feeding choice, with no evidence of tolerance over the 4-week infusion period. Behavior returned to baseline during the vehicle-infusion washout period. Istradefylline significantly reversed the effects of haloperidol, increasing lever pressing and decreasing chow intake in haloperidol-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide an important behavioral characterization of the effects of chronically infused haloperidol, and demonstrate that A2A antagonism reverses the effects of chronic haloperidol. This research could contribute to the understanding and treatment of motivational dysfunctions seen in schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and other disorders involving dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee A Rotolo
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
- Present Address: Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alev Ecevitoglu
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Rose E Presby
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
- Present Address: Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hanna Lindgren
- Symptom Biology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | | | - Cyrene Nicholas
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Alana Moore
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Gayle A Edelstein
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA
| | - Merce Correa
- Area de Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - John D Salamone
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-1020, USA.
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20
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Theriault JE, Shaffer C, Dienel GA, Sander CY, Hooker JM, Dickerson BC, Barrett LF, Quigley KS. A functional account of stimulation-based aerobic glycolysis and its role in interpreting BOLD signal intensity increases in neuroimaging experiments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105373. [PMID: 37634556 PMCID: PMC10591873 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In aerobic glycolysis, oxygen is abundant, and yet cells metabolize glucose without using it, decreasing their ATP per glucose yield by 15-fold. During task-based stimulation, aerobic glycolysis occurs in localized brain regions, presenting a puzzle: why produce ATP inefficiently when, all else being equal, evolution should favor the efficient use of metabolic resources? The answer is that all else is not equal. We propose that a tradeoff exists between efficient ATP production and the efficiency with which ATP is spent to transmit information. Aerobic glycolysis, despite yielding little ATP per glucose, may support neuronal signaling in thin (< 0.5 µm), information-efficient axons. We call this the efficiency tradeoff hypothesis. This tradeoff has potential implications for interpretations of task-related BOLD "activation" observed in fMRI. We hypothesize that BOLD "activation" may index local increases in aerobic glycolysis, which support signaling in thin axons carrying "bottom-up" information, or "prediction error"-i.e., the BIAPEM (BOLD increases approximate prediction error metabolism) hypothesis. Finally, we explore implications of our hypotheses for human brain evolution, social behavior, and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Theriault
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Clare Shaffer
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christin Y Sander
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Karen S Quigley
- Northeastern University, Department of Psychology, Boston, MA, USA; VA Bedford Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
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21
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Wardle MC, Hoots JK, Miloslavich K, Nunez C, Dios CD, Holden C, Ahluwahlia A, Green CE, Lane SD, Schmitz JM. Deficits in consummatory reward relate to severity of cocaine use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 249:109950. [PMID: 37301068 PMCID: PMC10405525 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Identifying modifiable neuropsychological factors associated with more severe CUD could improve CUD treatment. Impairments in processing of non-drug rewards may be one such factor. This study assessed the relationship between reward functioning and cocaine use severity using multi-modal measures of three distinct reward functions: consummatory reward (pleasure or "liking"); motivational reward ("wanting") and reward learning. METHODS Fifty-three adults with at least moderate CUD completed self-report and behavioral measures of consummatory reward, motivational reward and reward learning, and a composite cocaine use severity measure including quantity, frequency and life impacts of cocaine use. We conducted parallel Frequentist and Bayesian multiple regressions with measures of reward functioning as predictors of cocaine use severity. RESULTS Less self-reported ability to experience pleasure, a hypothesized measure of consummatory reward, significantly predicted greater severity after adjustment for covariates and multiple hypothesis testing, β = 0.39, t(38) = 2.86, p = 0.007. Bayesian analyses confirmed a highly likely association between severity and ability to experience pleasure, and provided moderate evidence for associations with willingness to exert effort and reward learning. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that less experience of subjective pleasure is related to greater cocaine use severity. This cross-sectional study cannot establish whether differences in consummatory reward are pre-existing, a result of CUD, or both. However, these results suggest interventions focused on increasing subjective pleasure, such as mindful "savoring", should be investigated for CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Wardle
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL60607, United States.
| | - Jennifer K Hoots
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL60607, United States
| | - Krista Miloslavich
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL60607, United States
| | - Cecilia Nunez
- Psychology Department, University of Illinois Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St, Chicago, IL60607, United States
| | - Constanza de Dios
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Rd, Houston, TX77054, United States
| | - Christopher Holden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL60612, United States
| | - Aneet Ahluwahlia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, 1740 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL60612, United States
| | - Charles E Green
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Rd, Houston, TX77054, United States
| | - Scott D Lane
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Rd, Houston, TX77054, United States
| | - Joy M Schmitz
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Rd, Houston, TX77054, United States
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22
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Benoit S, Henry M, Fneich S, Mathou A, Xia L, Foury A, Jouin M, Junien C, Capuron L, Jouneau L, Moisan MP, Delpierre C, Gabory A, Darnaudéry M. Strain-specific changes in nucleus accumbens transcriptome and motivation for palatable food reward in mice exposed to maternal separation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1190392. [PMID: 37565037 PMCID: PMC10411197 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1190392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In humans, adversity in childhood exerts enduring effects on brain and increases the vulnerability to psychiatric diseases. It also leads to a higher risk of eating disorders and obesity. Maternal separation (MS) in mice has been used as a proxy of stress during infancy. We hypothesized that MS in mice affects motivation to obtain palatable food in adulthood and changes gene expression in reward system. Methods Male and female pups from C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeN mice strains were subjected to a daily MS protocol from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND14. At adulthood, their motivation for palatable food reward was assessed in operant cages. Results Compared to control mice, male and female C3H/HeN mice exposed to MS increased their instrumental response for palatable food, especially when the effort required to obtain the reward was high. Importantly, this effect is shown in animals fed ad libitum. Transcriptional analysis revealed 375 genes differentially expressed in the nucleus accumbens of male MS C3H/HeN mice compared to the control group, some of these being associated with the regulation of the reward system (e.g., Gnas, Pnoc). Interestingly, C57Bl/6J mice exposed to MS did not show alterations in their motivation to obtain a palatable reward, nor significant changes in gene expression in the nucleus accumbens. Conclusion MS produces long-lasting changes in motivation for palatable food in C3H/HeN mice, but has no impact in C57Bl/6J mice. These behavioral alterations are accompanied by drastic changes in gene expression in the nucleus accumbens, a key structure in the regulation of motivational processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Benoit
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Henry
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sara Fneich
- Univ. Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alexia Mathou
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lin Xia
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aline Foury
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélanie Jouin
- Univ. Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claudine Junien
- Univ. Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Lucile Capuron
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- Univ. Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Cyrille Delpierre
- CERPOP, UMR1295, Inserm, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- Univ. Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Muriel Darnaudéry
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeurO, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
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23
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Sutherland JJ, Yonchev D, Fekete A, Urban L. A preclinical secondary pharmacology resource illuminates target-adverse drug reaction associations of marketed drugs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4323. [PMID: 37468498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro secondary pharmacology assays are an important tool for predicting clinical adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of investigational drugs. We created the Secondary Pharmacology Database (SPD) by testing 1958 drugs using 200 assays to validate target-ADR associations. Compared to public and subscription resources, 95% of all and 36% of active (AC50 < 1 µM) results are unique to SPD, with bias towards higher activity in public resources. Annotating drugs with free maximal plasma concentrations, we find 684 physiologically relevant unpublished off-target activities. Furthermore, 64% of putative ADRs linked to target activity in key literature reviews are not statistically significant in SPD. Systematic analysis of all target-ADR pairs identifies several putative associations supported by publications. Finally, candidate mechanisms for known ADRs are proposed based on SPD off-target activities. Here we present a freely-available resource for benchmarking ADR predictions, explaining phenotypic activity and investigating clinical properties of marketed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitar Yonchev
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Laszlo Urban
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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24
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Blouzard E, Pouchon A, Polosan M, Bastin J, Dondé C. Effort-Cost Decision-making Among Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:548-557. [PMID: 37043223 PMCID: PMC10099175 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Importance Motivational impairments in schizophrenia are by definition associated with poor outcome. It is postulated that the reduction of goal-directed behavior arises from abnormal trade-offs between rewards and efforts. Objective To examine whether schizophrenia is associated with impairments in effort-cost decision-making. Data Sources For this systematic review and meta-analysis, the PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from inception to July 2022 for studies that investigated effort-cost decision-making in schizophrenia. Search terms included effort, cost, and schizophrenia. Study Selection Consensual criteria for inclusion were peer-reviewed studies published in English that used a computerized effort-cost decision-making behavioral paradigm and compared individuals with schizophrenia with control individuals. Data Extraction and Synthesis The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline was used for abstracting data. Data were extracted independently by 2 authors and then pooled using random-effects sizes and bayesian approaches. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were performance on effort-cost decision-making tasks requiring an effort-reward trade-off, measured by Hedges g effect size. Effects of moderators were tested with meta-regressions and subgroup analyses. Results Twenty studies involving 1503 participants were included: 837 individuals with schizophrenia (541 [64.6%] male; mean [SD] age, 35.89 [6.70] years) and 666 control individuals without schizophrenia (360 [54.1%] male; mean [SD] age, 34.16 [5.92] years). Participants with schizophrenia had significantly reduced willingness to expend effort for rewards compared with controls (k = 20; effect size, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.30-0.56; P < .001; I2 = 33.1%; Q test P = .08). The magnitude of the deficit was significantly greater for high-reward trials. The severity of negative symptoms was negatively associated with effort-cost decision-making (k = 8; effect size, -0.33; 95% CI, -0.50 to -0.15; P < .001), while participants with a high number of negative symptoms had a significantly larger impairment in effort-cost decision-making (k = 5; effect size, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.10-0.84; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis, schizophrenia was associated with deficits in effort allocation as indexed by effort-cost decision-making tasks. Understanding the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms driving effort allocation impairments may assist in developing novel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Blouzard
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Pouchon
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Adult Psychiatry Department, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Mircea Polosan
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Adult Psychiatry Department, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Bastin
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Clément Dondé
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
- Adult Psychiatry Department, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Adult Psychiatry Department, Centre Hospitalier Alpes-Isère, Saint-Egrève, France
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25
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Buhr TJ, Reed CH, Wee OM, Lee JH, Yuan LL, Fleshner M, Valentine RJ, Clark PJ. The persistence of stress-induced physical inactivity in rats: an investigation of central monoamine neurotransmitters and skeletal muscle oxidative stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1169151. [PMID: 37273279 PMCID: PMC10237271 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1169151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sedentary lifestyles have reached epidemic proportions world-wide. A growing body of literature suggests that exposures to adverse experiences (e.g., psychological traumas) are a significant risk factor for the development of physically inactive lifestyles. However, the biological mechanisms linking prior stress exposure and persistent deficits in physical activity engagement remains poorly understood. Methods The purpose of this study was twofold. First, to identify acute stress intensity thresholds that elicit long-term wheel running deficits in rats. To that end, young adult male rats were exposed to a single episode of 0, 50, or 100 uncontrollable tail shocks and then given free access to running wheels for 9 weeks. Second, to identify stress-induced changes to central monoamine neurotransmitters and peripheral muscle physiology that may be maladaptive to exercise output. For this study, rats were either exposed to a single episode of uncontrollable tail shocks (stress) or left undisturbed in home cages (unstressed). Eight days later, monoamine-related neurochemicals were quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) across brain reward, motor, and emotion structures immediately following a bout of graded treadmill exercise controlled for duration and intensity. Additionally, protein markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic activity were assessed in the gastrocnemius muscle by Western blot. Results For experiment 1, stress exposure caused a shock number-dependent two to fourfold decrease in wheel running distance across the entire duration of the study. For experiment 2, stress exposure curbed an exercise-induced increase of dopamine (DA) turnover measures in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and augmented serotonin (5HT) turnover in the hypothalamus and remaining cortical area. However, stress exposure also caused several monoaminergic changes independent of exercise that could underlie impaired motivation for physical activity, including a mild dopamine deficiency in the striatal area. Finally, stress potently increased HSP70 and lowered SOD2 protein concentrations in the gastrocnemius muscle, which may indicate prolonged oxidative stress. Discussion These data support some of the possible central and peripheral mechanisms by which exposure to adverse experiences may chronically impair physical activity engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J. Buhr
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Carter H. Reed
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Olivia M. Wee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ji Heun Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Li-Lian Yuan
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Rudy J. Valentine
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Peter J. Clark
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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26
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Zeng J, You L, Sheng H, Luo Y, Yang X. The differential neural substrates for reward choice under gain-loss contexts and risk in alcohol use disorder: Evidence from a voxel-based meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 248:109912. [PMID: 37182355 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Making a risky decision is a complex process that involves the evaluation of both the values of the options and the associated risk level; this process is distinct from reward processing in gain versus loss contexts. Although disrupted reward processing in mesolimbic dopamine circuitry is suggested to underlie pathological incentive processing in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), the differential neural processes subserving these motivational tendencies for risk situations or gain/loss choices in decision-making have not been identified. METHODS To examine the common or distinct neural mechanisms in the evaluation of risk versus outcomes for AUD, we conducted two separate coordinate-based meta-analyses of functional neuroimaging studies by using Seed-Based d Mapping software to evaluate 13 studies investigating gain and loss processing and 10 studies investigating risky decision-making. RESULTS During gain and loss processing, relative to healthy controls, AUD patients showed reduced activation in the mesocortical-limbic circuit, including the orbital prefrontal cortex (OFC), dorsal striatum, insula, hippocampus, cerebellum, cuneus cortex and superior temporal gyrus, but hyperactivation in the inferior temporal gyrus and paracentral lobule (extending to the middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and precuneus). During decision-making under risk, AUD patients exhibited hypoactivity of the prefrontal and cingulate cortices, including the posterior cingulate cortex (extending to the MCC), middle frontal gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, OFC and anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS Our results extend existing neurological evidence by showing that a reduced response in the mesocortical-limbic circuit is found in gain versus loss processing, with decreased responsivity in cortical regions in risk decision-making. Our results implicate dissociable neural circuit responses for gain-loss processing and risk decision-making, which contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism underlying nondrug incentive and risk processing in individuals with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Zeng
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lantao You
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoxuan Sheng
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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27
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Sultan AA, Dimick MK, Zai CC, Kennedy JL, MacIntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. The association of CNR1 genetic variants with resting-state functional connectivity in youth bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 71:41-54. [PMID: 36972648 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid 1 receptors coded by the CNR1 gene are implicated in mood disorders and addiction. Given the prevalence and negative correlates of cannabis use in bipolar disorder (BD), we examined CNR1 polymorphism rs1324072 in relation to resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in youth BD. Participants included 124 youth, ages 13-20 years: 17 BD G-carriers, 48 BD non-carriers, 16 healthy controls (HC) G-carriers, and 43 HC non-carriers. rsFC was obtained using 3T-MRI. General linear models examined main effects of diagnosis, gene, and diagnosis-by-gene interaction, controlling for age, sex, and race. Regions-of-interests in seed-to-voxel analyses included: bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Main effects of diagnosis were observed for rsFC between the right amygdala seed and right occipital pole, and between the left NAc seed and left superior parietal lobe. Interaction analyses identified 6 significant clusters. G-allele was associated with negative connectivity in BD and positive connectivity in HC for: left amygdala seed with right intracalcarine cortex; right NAc seed with left inferior frontal gyrus; and right hippocampal seed with bilateral cuneal cortex (all p<0.001). G-allele was associated with positive connectivity in BD and negative connectivity in HC for: right hippocampal seed with left central opercular cortex (p = 0.001), and left NAc seed with left middle temporal cortex (p = 0.002). In conclusion, CNR1 rs1324072 was differentially associated with rsFC in youth with BD in regions relevant to reward and emotion. Future studies powered to integrate CNR1 alongside cannabis use are warranted to examine the inter-relationship between rs1324072 G-allele, cannabis use, and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysha A Sultan
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikaela K Dimick
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Psychiatric Neurogenetics Section, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence unit, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sandra E Black Centre for Brain Resilience & Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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28
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Bailey LS, Bagley JR, Wherry JD, Chesler EJ, Karkhanis A, Jentsch JD, Tarantino LM. Repeated dosing with cocaine produces strain-dependent effects on responding for conditioned reinforcement in Collaborative Cross mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:561-573. [PMID: 36239767 PMCID: PMC10083021 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a highly heritable form of substance use disorder, with genetic variation accounting for a substantial proportion of the risk for transitioning from recreational use to a clinically impairing addiction. With repeated exposures to cocaine, psychomotor and incentive sensitization are observed in rodents. These phenomena are thought to model behavioral changes elicited by the drug that contribute to the progression into addiction, but little is known about how genetic variation may moderate these consequences. OBJECTIVES Here, we describe the use of two Collaborative Cross (CC) recombinant inbred mouse strains that either exhibit high (CC018/UncJ) or no (CC027/GeniUncJ) psychomotor sensitization in response to cocaine to measure phenotypes related to incentive sensitization after repeated cocaine exposures; given the relationship of incentive motivation to nucleus accumbens core (NAc) dopamine release and reuptake, we also assessed these neurochemical mechanisms. METHODS Adult male and female CC018/UncJ and CC027/GeniUncJ mice underwent Pavlovian conditioning to associate a visual cue with presentation of a palatable food reward, then received five, every-other-day injections of cocaine or vehicle. Following Pavlovian re-training, they underwent testing acquisition of a new operant response for the visual cue, now serving as a conditioned reinforcer. Subsequently, electrically evoked dopamine release was assessed using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry from acute brain slices containing the NAc. RESULTS While both strains acquired the Pavlovian association, only CC018/UncJ mice showed conditioned reinforcement and incentive sensitization in response to cocaine, while CC027/GeniUncJ mice did not. Voltammetry data revealed that CC018/UncJ, compared to CC027/GeniUnc, mice exhibited higher baseline dopamine release and uptake. Moreover, chronic cocaine exposure blunted tonic and phasic dopamine release in CC018/UncJ, but not CC027/GeniUncJ, mice. CONCLUSIONS Genetic background is a moderator of cocaine-induced neuroadaptations in mesolimbic dopamine signaling, which may contribute to both psychomotor and incentive sensitization and indicate a shared biological mechanism of variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Bailey
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York - Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | - Jared R Bagley
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York - Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | - James D Wherry
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York - Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | | | - Anushree Karkhanis
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York - Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA
| | - James D Jentsch
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York - Binghamton University, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY, 13902-6000, USA.
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
| | - Lisa M Tarantino
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Walsh MJM, Gibson K, Hynd M, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Walsh EC, Schiff L, Jarskog F, Lalush D, Dichter GS, Schiller CE. Perimenopausal Effects of Estradiol on Anhedonia and Psychosis Study (PEEPs): study protocol for a neural and molecular mechanistic clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:150. [PMID: 36855177 PMCID: PMC9976383 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The perimenopausal transition is accompanied by psychiatric symptoms in over 10% of women. Symptoms commonly include depressed mood and anhedonia and less commonly include psychosis. Psychiatric symptoms have been linked to the depletion and/or variability of circulating estradiol, and estradiol treatment reduces perimenopausal anhedonia and psychosis in some women. Estrogen fluctuations may disrupt function in the mesolimbic reward system in some women, leading to psychiatric symptoms like anhedonia or psychosis. The Perimenopausal Effects of Estradiol on Anhedonia and Psychosis Study (PEEPs) is a mechanistic clinical trial that aims to (1) identify relationships between perimenopausal-onset anhedonia and psychosis and neuromolecular markers of mesolimbic reward responses and (2) determine the extent to which estradiol treatment-induced changes in mesolimbic reward responses are associated with alleviation of perimenopausal onset anhedonia or psychosis. METHODS This study will recruit 100 unmedicated women ages 44-55 in the late-stage perimenopausal transition, sampling across the range of mild-to-high anhedonia and absent-to-moderate psychosis symptoms. Patients will be randomized to receive either estradiol or placebo treatment for 3 weeks. Clinical outcome measures will include symptoms of anhedonia (measured with Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale; SHAPS) and psychosis (measured with Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; BPRS psychosis subscale) as well as neural markers of mesolimbic reward system functioning, including reward-related fMRI activation and PET-derived measure of striatal dopamine binding. Pre-treatment associations between (1) SHAPS/BPRS scores and (2) reward-related striatal dopamine binding/BOLD activation will be examined. Furthermore, longitudinal mixed models will be used to estimate (1) symptom and neuromolecular trajectories as a function of estradiol vs. placebo treatment and (2) how changes in reward-related striatal dopamine binding and BOLD activation predict variability in symptom trajectories in response to estradiol treatment. DISCUSSION This clinical trial will be the first to characterize neural and molecular mechanisms by which estradiol treatment ameliorates anhedonia and psychosis symptoms during the perimenopausal transition, thus laying the groundwork for future biomarker research to predict susceptibility and prognosis and develop targeted treatments for perimenopausal psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, in alignment with the National Institute for Mental Health Research Domain Criteria initiative, this trial will improve our understanding of a range of disorders characterized by anhedonia, psychosis, and reward system dysfunction. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05282277.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J M Walsh
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.
| | - Kathryn Gibson
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Megan Hynd
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | | | - Erin C Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Lauren Schiff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fred Jarskog
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
- North Carolina Psychiatric Research Center, Raleigh, NC, 27610, USA
| | - David Lalush
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gabriel S Dichter
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Crystal E Schiller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
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Matcha Tea Powder's Antidepressant-like Effect through the Activation of the Dopaminergic System in Mice Is Dependent on Social Isolation Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030581. [PMID: 36771286 PMCID: PMC9921318 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Matcha tea powder is believed to have various physiological benefits; however, its detailed mechanism of action has been poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether the mental state of mice, due to social isolation stress, affects the antidepressant-like effect of Matcha tea powder by using the tail suspension test. Oral administration of Matcha tea powder reduced the duration of immobility in the stress-susceptible C57BL/6J strain, but not in BALB/c strain. In C57BL/6J mice, SCH23390, a dopamine D1 receptor blocker, prevented Matcha tea powder from exerting its antidepressant-like effect. Matcha tea powder also increased the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) region and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) region in C57BL/6J mice, but not in BALB/c mice. In contrast, Matcha tea powder did not change the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) region. Notably, C57BL/6J mice with a shorter immobility time had a higher number of c-Fos-positive cells in the PFC, NAc, and VTA regions. However, no such correlation was observed in the stress-tolerant BALB/c mice. These results suggest that Matcha tea powder exerts an antidepressant-like effect through the activation of the dopaminergic system including the PFC-NAc-VTA circuit and that mental states are important factors affecting the physiological benefits of Matcha tea powder.
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Shi Y, Wang M, Xiao L, Gui L, Zheng W, Bai L, Su B, Li B, Xu Y, Pan W, Zhang J, Wang W. Potential therapeutic mechanism of deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1057887. [PMID: 36687525 PMCID: PMC9845878 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1057887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) (NAc-DBS) is an effective solution to refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, evidence for the neurobiological mechanisms of OCD and the effect of NAc-DBS is still lacking. One hypothesis is that the electrophysiological activities in the NAc are modulated by DBS, and another hypothesis is that the activities of neurotransmitters in the NAc are influenced by DBS. To investigate these potential alterations, rats with quinpirole (QNP)- induced OCD were treated with DBS of the core part of NAc. Then, extracellular spikes (SPK) and local field potentials (LFP) in the NAc were recorded, and the levels of relevant neurotransmitters and related proteins were measured. Analysis of SPK revealed that the firing rate was decreased and the firing pattern was changed after NAc-DBS, and analysis of LFP showed that overall power spectral density (PSD) levels were reduced after NAc-DBS. Additionally, we found that the relative powers of the theta band, alpha band and beta band were increased in OCD status, while the relative powers of the delta band and gamma band were decreased. This pathological pattern of power distribution was reformed by NAc-DBS. Furthermore, we found that the local levels of monoamines [dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT)] and amino acids [glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)] in the NAc were increased in OCD status, and that the expression of the two types of DA receptors in the NAc exhibited an opposite change. These abnormalities could be reversed by NAc-DBS. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding about the function of the NAc in the pathophysiology of OCD and provide more detailed evidence for the potential effect of NAc-DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linglong Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luolan Gui
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Institutes for Systems Genetics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Histology and Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Su
- Histology and Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Histology and Imaging Platform, Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Wei Wang,
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Sun X, Liu M, Xu X, Shi C, Zhang L, Yao Z, Chen J, Wang Q. Accumbal adenosine A 2A receptor inactivation biases for large and costly rewards in the effort- but not delay-based decision making. Neuropharmacology 2023; 222:109273. [PMID: 36252615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cost-benefit decision-making (CBDM) is critical to normal human activity and a diminished willingness to expend effort to obtain rewards is a prevalent/noted characteristic of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease. Numerous studies have identified nucleus accumbens (NAc) as an important locus for CBDM control but their neuromodulatory and behavioral mechanisms remain largely under-explored. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs), which are highly concentrated in the striatopallidal neurons, can integrate glutamate and dopamine signals for controlling effort-related choice behaviors. While the involvement of A2ARs in effort-based decision making is well documented, the role of other decision variables (reward discrimination) in effort-based decision making and the role of A2AR in delay-based decision making are less clear. In this study, we have developed a well-controlled CBDM behavioral paradigm to manipulate effort/cost and reward independently or in combination, allowing a dissection of four behavioral elements: effort-based CBDM (E-CBDM), delay-based CBDM (D-CBDM), reward discrimination (RD), effort discrimination (ED), and determined the effect of genetic knockdown (KD) of NAc A2AR on the four behavioral elements. We found that A2AR KD in NAc increased the choice for larger, more costly reward in the E-CBDM, but not D-CBDM. Furthermore, this high-effort/high-reward bias was attributable to the increased willingness to engage in effort but not the effect of discrimination of reward magnitude. Our findings substantiate an important role of the NAc A2AR in control of E-CBDM and support that pharmacologically targeting NAc A2ARs would be a useful strategy for treating the aberrant effort-based decision making in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Sun
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Min Liu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Chennan Shi
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhimo Yao
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jiangfan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and Eye-Brain Research Center, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Rodman AM, Powers KE, Kastman EK, Kabotyanski KE, Stark AM, Mair P, Somerville LH. Physical Effort Exertion for Peer Feedback Reveals Evolving Social Motivations From Adolescence to Young Adulthood. Psychol Sci 2023; 34:60-74. [PMID: 36283029 PMCID: PMC9982232 DOI: 10.1177/09567976221121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peer relationships and social belonging are particularly important during adolescence. Using a willingness-to-work paradigm to quantify incentive motivation, we examined whether evaluative information holds unique value for adolescents. Participants (N = 102; 12-23 years old) rated peers, predicted how peers rated them, and exerted physical effort to view each peer's rating. We measured grip force, speed, and opt-out behavior to examine the motivational value of peer feedback, relative to money in a control condition, and to assess how peer desirability and participants' expectations modulated motivated effort across age. Overall, when compared with adolescents, adults were relatively less motivated for feedback than money. Whereas adults exerted less force and speed for feedback when expecting rejection, adolescents exerted greater force and speed when expecting to be more strongly liked or disliked. These findings suggest that the transition into adulthood is accompanied by a self-protective focus, whereas adolescents are motivated to consume highly informative feedback, even if negative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erik K. Kastman
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
| | | | - Abigail M. Stark
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
| | - Leah H. Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain
Science, Harvard University
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Critical review of RDoC approaches to the study of motivation with animal models: effort valuation/willingness to work. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:515-528. [PMID: 36218385 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The NIMH research domain criteria (RDoC) approach was instigated to refocus mental health research on the neural circuits that mediate psychological functions, with the idea that this would foster an understanding of the neural basis of specific psychiatric dysfunctions (i.e. 'symptoms and circuits') and ultimately facilitate treatment. As a general idea, this attempt to go beyond traditional diagnostic categories and focus on neural circuit dysfunctions related to specific symptoms spanning multiple disorders has many advantages. For example, motivational dysfunctions are present in multiple disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and other conditions. A critical aspect of motivation is effort valuation/willingness to work, and several clinical studies have identified alterations in effort-based decision making in various patient groups. In parallel, formal animal models focusing on the exertion of effort and effort-based decision making have been developed. This paper reviews the literature on models of effort-based motivational function in the context of a discussion of the RDoC approach, with an emphasis on the dissociable nature of distinct aspects of motivation. For example, conditions associated with depression and schizophrenia blunt the selection of high-effort activities as measured by several tasks in animal models (e.g. lever pressing, barrier climbing, wheel running). Nevertheless, these manipulations also leave fundamental aspects of hedonic reactivity, food motivation, and reinforcement intact. This pattern of effects demonstrates that the general emphasis of the RDoC on the specificity of the neural circuits mediating behavioral pathologies, and the dissociative nature of these dysfunctions, is a valid concept. Nevertheless, the specific placement of effort-related processes as simply a 'sub-construct' of 'reward processing' is empirically and conceptually problematic. Thus, while the RDoC is an excellent general framework for new ways to approach research and therapeutics, it still needs further refinement.
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Fang Y, Sun Y, Liu Y, Liu T, Hao W, Liao Y. Neurobiological mechanisms and related clinical treatment of addiction: a review. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2022; 2:180-189. [PMID: 38665277 PMCID: PMC10917179 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Drug addiction or substance use disorder (SUD), has been conceptualized as a three-stage (i.e. binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation/craving) recurring cycle that involves complex changes in neuroplasticity, reward, motivation, desire, stress, memory, and cognitive control, and other related brain regions and brain circuits. Neuroimaging approaches, including magnetic resonance imaging, have been key to mapping neurobiological changes correlated to complex brain regions of SUD. In this review, we highlight the neurobiological mechanisms of these three stages of addiction. The abnormal activity of the ventral tegmental, nucleus accumbens, and caudate nucleus in the binge/intoxication stage involve the reward circuit of the midbrain limbic system. The changes in the orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus emotional system in the withdrawal/negative affect stage involve increases in negative emotional states, dysphoric-like effects, and stress-like responses. The dysregulation of the insula and prefrontal lobes is associated with craving in the anticipation stage. Then, we review the present treatments of SUD based on these neuroimaging findings. Finally, we conclude that SUD is a chronically relapsing disorder with complex neurobiological mechanisms and multimodal stages, of which the craving stage with high relapse rate may be the key element in treatment efficacy of SUD. Precise interventions targeting different stages of SUD and characteristics of individuals might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehong Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Yunkai Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, 139 Renmin (M) Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders & National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders. Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, 139 Renmin (M) Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
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36
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A neurocomputational theory of action regulation predicts motor behavior in neurotypical individuals and patients with Parkinson’s disease. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010111. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surviving in an uncertain environment requires not only the ability to select the best action, but also the flexibility to withhold inappropriate actions when the environmental conditions change. Although selecting and withholding actions have been extensively studied in both human and animals, there is still lack of consensus on the mechanism underlying these action regulation functions, and more importantly, how they inter-relate. A critical gap impeding progress is the lack of a computational theory that will integrate the mechanisms of action regulation into a unified framework. The current study aims to advance our understanding by developing a neurodynamical computational theory that models the mechanism of action regulation that involves suppressing responses, and predicts how disruption of this mechanism can lead to motor deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. We tested the model predictions in neurotypical individuals and PD patients in three behavioral tasks that involve free action selection between two opposed directions, action selection in the presence of conflicting information and abandoning an ongoing action when a stop signal is presented. Our results and theory suggest an integrated mechanism of action regulation that affects both action initiation and inhibition. When this mechanism is disrupted, motor behavior is affected, leading to longer reaction times and higher error rates in action inhibition.
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Zalachoras I, Ramos-Fernández E, Hollis F, Trovo L, Rodrigues J, Strasser A, Zanoletti O, Steiner P, Preitner N, Xin L, Astori S, Sandi C. Glutathione in the nucleus accumbens regulates motivation to exert reward-incentivized effort. eLife 2022; 11:77791. [DOI: 10.7554/elife.77791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence is implicating mitochondrial function and metabolism in the nucleus accumbens in motivated performance. However, the brain is vulnerable to excessive oxidative insults resulting from neurometabolic processes, and whether antioxidant levels in the nucleus accumbens contribute to motivated performance is not known. Here, we identify a critical role for glutathione (GSH), the most important endogenous antioxidant in the brain, in motivation. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at ultra-high field in both male humans and rodent populations, we establish that higher accumbal GSH levels are highly predictive of better, and particularly, steady performance over time in effort-related tasks. Causality was established in in vivo experiments in rats that, first, showed that downregulating GSH levels through micro-injections of the GSH synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine in the nucleus accumbens impaired effort-based reward-incentivized performance. In addition, systemic treatment with the GSH precursor N-acetyl-cysteine increased accumbal GSH levels in rats and led to improved performance, potentially mediated by a cell-type-specific shift in glutamatergic inputs to accumbal medium spiny neurons. Our data indicate a close association between accumbal GSH levels and an individual’s capacity to exert reward-incentivized effort over time. They also suggest that improvement of accumbal antioxidant function may be a feasible approach to boost motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Zalachoras
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics (LGC), Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
| | - Eva Ramos-Fernández
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics (LGC), Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
| | - Fiona Hollis
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics (LGC), Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Laura Trovo
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Vers-chez-les-Blanc
| | - João Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics (LGC), Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
| | - Alina Strasser
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics (LGC), Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
| | - Olivia Zanoletti
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics (LGC), Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
| | - Pascal Steiner
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Vers-chez-les-Blanc
| | - Nicolas Preitner
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Vers-chez-les-Blanc
| | - Lijing Xin
- Animal Imaging and Technology Core (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), EPFL
| | - Simone Astori
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics (LGC), Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics (LGC), Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
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38
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Seib DR, Princz-Lebel O, Chahley ER, Floresco SB, Snyder JS. Hippocampal neurogenesis promotes effortful responding but does not regulate effort-based choice. Hippocampus 2022; 32:818-827. [PMID: 36177887 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental trait of depression is low motivation. Hippocampal neurogenesis has been associated with motivational deficits but detailed evidence on how it regulates human-relevant behavioral traits is still missing. We used the hGFAP-TK rat model to deplete actively dividing neural stem cells in the rat hippocampus. Use of the effort-discounting operant task allowed us to identify specific and detailed deficits in motivation behavior. In this task, rats are given a choice between small and large food rewards, where 2-20 lever presses are required to obtain the large reward (four sugar pellets) versus one press to receive the smaller reward (two sugar pellets). We found that depleting adult neurogenesis did not affect effort-based choice or general motivation to complete the task. However, lack of adult neurogenesis reduced the pressing rate and thus increased time to complete the required presses to obtain a reward. In summary, the present study finds that adult hippocampal neurogenesis specifically reduces response vigor to obtain rewards and thus deepens our understanding in how neurogenesis shapes depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée R Seib
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Oren Princz-Lebel
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erin R Chahley
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stan B Floresco
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason S Snyder
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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39
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Bigliassi M, Filho E. Functional significance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during exhaustive exercise. Biol Psychol 2022; 175:108442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Saleki K, Banazadeh M, Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. Aging, testosterone, and neuroplasticity: friend or foe? Rev Neurosci 2022; 34:247-273. [PMID: 36017670 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity or neural plasticity implicates the adaptive potential of the brain in response to extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. The concept has been utilized in different contexts such as injury and neurological disease. Neuroplasticity mechanisms have been classified into neuroregenerative and function-restoring processes. In the context of injury, neuroplasticity has been defined in three post-injury epochs. Testosterone plays a key yet double-edged role in the regulation of several neuroplasticity alterations. Research has shown that testosterone levels are affected by numerous factors such as age, stress, surgical procedures on gonads, and pharmacological treatments. There is an ongoing debate for testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in aging men; however, TRT is more useful in young individuals with testosterone deficit and more specific subgroups with cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it is important to pay early attention to testosterone profile and precisely uncover its harms and benefits. In the present review, we discuss the influence of environmental factors, aging, and gender on testosterone-associated alterations in neuroplasticity, as well as the two-sided actions of testosterone in the nervous system. Finally, we provide practical insights for further study of pharmacological treatments for hormonal disorders focusing on restoring neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 47176 47745 Babol, Iran.,USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 47176 47745 Babol, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Banazadeh
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76169 13555 Kerman, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14176 13151 Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 14197 33151 Tehran, Iran
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41
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Treadway MT, Salamone JD. Vigor, Effort-Related Aspects of Motivation and Anhedonia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 58:325-353. [PMID: 35505057 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter we provide an overview of the pharmacological and circuit mechanisms that determine the willingness to expend effort in pursuit of rewards. A particular focus will be on the role of the mesolimbic dopamine system, as well the contributing roles of limbic and cortical brains areas involved in the evaluation, selection, and invigoration of goal-directed actions. We begin with a review of preclinical studies, which have provided key insights into the brain systems that are necessary and sufficient for effort-based decision-making and have characterized novel compounds that enhance selection of high-effort activities. Next, we summarize translational studies identifying and expanding this circuitry in humans. Finally, we discuss the relevance of this work for understanding common motivational impairments as part of the broader anhedonia symptom domain associated with mental illness, and the identification of new treatment targets within this circuitry to improve motivation and effort-expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John D Salamone
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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42
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Grima LL, Panayi MC, Härmson O, Syed ECJ, Manohar SG, Husain M, Walton ME. Nucleus accumbens D1-receptors regulate and focus transitions to reward-seeking action. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1721-1731. [PMID: 35478011 PMCID: PMC9283443 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that dopamine transmission is integral in mediating the influence of reward expectations on reward-seeking actions. However, the precise causal role of dopamine transmission in moment-to-moment reward-motivated behavioral control remains contentious, particularly in contexts where it is necessary to refrain from responding to achieve a beneficial outcome. To examine this, we manipulated dopamine transmission pharmacologically as rats performed a Go/No-Go task that required them to either make or withhold action to gain either a small or large reward. D1R Stimulation potentiated cue-driven action initiation, including fast impulsive actions on No-Go trials. By contrast, D1R blockade primarily disrupted the successful completion of Go trial sequences. Surprisingly, while after global D1R blockade this was characterized by a general retardation of reward-seeking actions, nucleus accumbens core (NAcC) D1R blockade had no effect on the speed of action initiation or impulsive actions. Instead, fine-grained analyses showed that this manipulation decreased the precision of animals' goal-directed actions, even though they usually still followed the appropriate response sequence. Strikingly, such "unfocused" responding could also be observed off-drug, particularly when only a small reward was on offer. These findings suggest that the balance of activity at NAcC D1Rs plays a key role in enabling the rapid activation of a focused, reward-seeking state to enable animals to efficiently and accurately achieve their goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Grima
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA.
| | - Marios C Panayi
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Oliver Härmson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emilie C J Syed
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sanjay G Manohar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Masud Husain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark E Walton
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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43
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Nozaki T, Sugiyama K, Asakawa T, Namba H, Yokokura M, Terada T, Bunai T, Ouchi Y. Increased anteroventral striatal dopamine transporter and motor recovery after subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:468-478. [PMID: 34972089 DOI: 10.3171/2021.10.jns211364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's disease is effective; however, its mechanism is unclear. To investigate the degree of neuronal terminal survival after STN-DBS, the authors examined the striatal dopamine transporter levels before and after treatment in association with clinical improvement using PET with [11C]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane ([11C]CFT). METHODS Ten patients with Parkinson's disease who had undergone bilateral STN-DBS were scanned twice with [11C]CFT PET just before and 1 year after surgery. Correlation analysis was conducted between [11C]CFT binding and off-period Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS [11C]CFT uptake reduced significantly in the posterodorsal putamen contralateral to the parkinsonism-dominant side after 1 year; however, an increase was noted in the contralateral anteroventral putamen and ipsilateral ventral caudate postoperatively (p < 0.05). The percentage increase in [11C]CFT binding was inversely correlated with the preoperative binding level in the bilateral anteroventral putamen, ipsilateral ventral caudate, contralateral anterodorsal putamen, contralateral posteroventral putamen, and contralateral nucleus accumbens. The percentage reduction in UPDRS-II score was significantly correlated with the percentage increase in [11C]CFT binding in the ipsilateral anteroventral putamen (p < 0.05). The percentage reduction in UPDRS-III score was significantly correlated with the percentage increase in [11C]CFT binding in the ipsilateral anteroventral putamen, ventral caudate, and nucleus accumbens (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS STN-DBS increases dopamine transporter levels in the anteroventral striatum, which is correlated with the motor recovery and possibly suggests the neuromodulatory effect of STN-DBS on dopaminergic terminals in Parkinson's disease patients. A preoperative level of anterior striatal dopamine transporter may predict reserve capacity of STN-DBS on motor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Nozaki
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugiyama
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Toyoda Eisei Hospital, Iwata, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- 3Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hiroki Namba
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, JA Shizuoka Kohseiren Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yokokura
- 5Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Terada
- 6Department of Neurology, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
- 9Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Bunai
- 7Department of Neurology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- 9Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- 8Hamamatsu PET Imaging Center, Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu, Japan; and
- 9Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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44
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Comprehensive Cortical Structural Features Predict the Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070921. [PMID: 35884728 PMCID: PMC9322050 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 40% of OCD patients show a poor response to CBT. This study aimed to identify the cortical structural factors that predict CBT outcomes in OCD patients. A total of 56 patients with OCD received baseline structural MRI (sMRI) scanning and 14 individual CBT sessions. The linear support vector regression (SVR) models were used to identify the predictive performance of sMRI indices, including gray matter volume, cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and gyrification value. The patients’ OC symptoms decreased significantly after CBT intervention (p < 0.001). We found the model with the comprehensive variables exhibited better performance than the models with single structural indices (MAE = 0.14, MSE = 0.03, R2 = 0.36), showing a significant correlation between the true value and the predicted value (r = 0.63, p < 0.001). The results indicated that a model integrating four cortical structural features can accurately predict the effectiveness of CBT for OCD. Future models incorporating other brain indicators, including brain functional indicators, EEG indicators, neurotransmitters, etc., which might be more accurate for predicting the effectiveness of CBT for OCD, are needed.
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45
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Morris LS, Grehl MM, Rutter SB, Mehta M, Westwater ML. On what motivates us: a detailed review of intrinsic v. extrinsic motivation. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1801-1816. [PMID: 35796023 PMCID: PMC9340849 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Motivational processes underlie behaviors that enrich the human experience, and impairments in motivation are commonly observed in psychiatric illness. While motivated behavior is often examined with respect to extrinsic reinforcers, not all actions are driven by reactions to external stimuli; some are driven by 'intrinsic' motivation. Intrinsically motivated behaviors are computationally similar to extrinsically motivated behaviors, in that they strive to maximize reward value and minimize punishment. However, our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie intrinsically motivated behavior remains limited. Dysfunction in intrinsic motivation represents an important trans-diagnostic facet of psychiatric symptomology, but due to a lack of clear consensus, the contribution of intrinsic motivation to psychopathology remains poorly understood. This review aims to provide an overview of the conceptualization, measurement, and neurobiology of intrinsic motivation, providing a framework for understanding its potential contributions to psychopathology and its treatment. Distinctions between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are discussed, including divergence in the types of associated rewards or outcomes that drive behavioral action and choice. A useful framework for understanding intrinsic motivation, and thus separating it from extrinsic motivation, is developed and suggestions for optimization of paradigms to measure intrinsic motivation are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel S. Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Mora M. Grehl
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Sarah B. Rutter
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Marishka Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Margaret L. Westwater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
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46
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Morales I. Brain regulation of hunger and motivation: The case for integrating homeostatic and hedonic concepts and its implications for obesity and addiction. Appetite 2022; 177:106146. [PMID: 35753443 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and other eating disorders are marked by dysregulations to brain metabolic, hedonic, motivational, and sensory systems that control food intake. Classic approaches in hunger research have distinguished between hedonic and homeostatic processes, and have mostly treated these systems as independent. Hindbrain structures and a complex network of interconnected hypothalamic nuclei control metabolic processes, energy expenditure, and food intake while mesocorticolimbic structures are though to control hedonic and motivational processes associated with food reward. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that hedonic and homeostatic brain systems do not function in isolation, but rather interact as part of a larger network that regulates food intake. Incentive theories of motivation provide a useful route to explore these interactions. Adapting incentive theories of motivation can enable researchers to better how motivational systems dysfunction during disease. Obesity and addiction are associated with profound alterations to both hedonic and homeostatic brain systems that result in maladaptive patterns of consumption. A subset of individuals with obesity may experience pathological cravings for food due to incentive sensitization of brain systems that generate excessive 'wanting' to eat. Further progress in understanding how the brain regulates hunger and appetite may depend on merging traditional hedonic and homeostatic concepts of food reward and motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Morales
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1043, USA.
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47
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Bogdanov M, LoParco S, Otto AR, Sharp M. Dopaminergic medication increases motivation to exert cognitive control by reducing subjective effort costs in Parkinson's patients. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 193:107652. [PMID: 35724812 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Engaging in demanding mental activities requires the allocation of cognitive control, which can be effortful and aversive. Individuals thus tend to avoid exerting cognitive effort if less demanding behavioral options are available. Recent accounts propose a key role for dopamine in motivating behavior by increasing the sensitivity to rewards associated with effort exertion. Whether dopamine additionally plays a specific role in modulating the sensitivity to the costs of cognitive effort, even in the absence of any incentives, is much less clear. To address this question, we assessed cognitive effort avoidance in patients (n = 38) with Parkinson's disease, a condition characterized by loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, both ON and OFF dopaminergic medication and compared them to healthy controls (n = 24). Effort avoidance was assessed using the Demand Selection Task (DST), in which participants could freely choose between performing a high-demand or a low-demand version of a task-switching paradigm. Critically, participants were not offered any incentives to choose the more effortful option, nor for good performance. While healthy controls and patients OFF their dopaminergic medications consistently preferred the low-demand option, effort avoidance in patients ON dopaminergic medications was reduced compared to patients OFF, a difference which seems to lessen over trials. These differences in preference could not be explained by altered task-switching performance. Although patients ON were less accurate at detecting the different effort levels, as measured during instructed forced-choice blocks, their detection ability was not associated with effort avoidance, unlike in the healthy controls and the patients OFF. Our findings provide evidence that dopamine replacement in Parkinson's patients increases the willingness to engage in cognitively demanding behavior, and that this cannot be explained by possible effects of dopamine replacement on performance nor on the ability to detect effort demands. These results suggest that dopamine plays a role in reducing the sensitivity to effort costs that is independent of its role in enhancing the sensitivity to the benefits of effort exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bogdanov
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1G1 Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada.
| | - Sophia LoParco
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1G1 Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1A1 Canada
| | - A Ross Otto
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1G1 Canada
| | - Madeleine Sharp
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
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48
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Herpers J, Vanduffel W, Vogels R. Limited Pairings of Electrical Micro-stimulation of the Ventral Tegmental Area and a Visual Stimulus Enhance Visual Cortical Responses. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:1259-1273. [PMID: 35468206 PMCID: PMC7614035 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that pairing a visual stimulus and electrical micro-stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA-EM) for multiple days is sufficient to induce visual cortical plasticity and changes perception. However, a brief epoch of VTA-EM-stimulus pairing within a single day has been shown to result in a behavioral preference for the paired stimulus. Here, we investigated whether a brief single-day session of VTA-EM-stimulus pairings is sufficient to induce changes in visual cortical responses. We examined macaque posterior inferior temporal (PIT) cortex because previous studies demonstrated response changes after VTA-EM stimulus pairing in that area. Multi-unit recordings in PIT were interleaved with VTA-EM-stimulus pairing epochs. During the short VTA-EM-stimulus pairing epochs (60 pairings), one image (fractal) was paired with VTA-EM (STIM) whereas another, unpaired fractal was presented as control. Two other fractals (dummies) were presented only during the recordings. The difference in response between the STIM and control fractals already increased after the first VTA-EM-stimulus pairing epoch, reflecting a relative increase of the response to the STIM fractal. However, the response to the STIM fractal did not increase further with more VTA-EM-stimulus pairing epochs. The relative increase in firing rate for the paired fractal was present early in the response, in line with a local/ bottom-up origin. These effects were absent when comparing the responses to the dummies pre- and post-VTA-EM. This study shows that pairing a visual image and VTA-EM in a brief single-day session is sufficient to increase the response for the paired image in macaque PIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Herpers
- Laboratory for Neuro-and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven, 3000, Belgium,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Laboratory for Neuro-and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven, 3000, Belgium,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144, USA
| | - Rufin Vogels
- Laboratory for Neuro-and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven, 3000, Belgium,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium,Corresponding author
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49
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Giacomini JL, Sadeghian K, Baldo BA. Eating driven by the gustatory insula: contrasting regulation by infralimbic vs. prelimbic cortices. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1358-1366. [PMID: 35091673 PMCID: PMC9117285 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Subregions within insular cortex and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have been implicated in eating disorders; however, the way these brain regions interact to produce dysfunctional eating is poorly understood. The present study explored how two mPFC subregions, the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PRL) cortices, regulate sucrose hyperphagia elicited specifically by a neurochemical manipulation of the agranular/dysgranular region of gustatory insula (AI/DI). Using intra-AI/DI infusion of the mu-opioid receptor (µ-OR) agonist, DAMGO (1 µg), sucrose hyperphagia was generated in ad-libitum-maintained rats, while in the same rat, either the IL or prelimbic (PRL) subregion of mPFC was inactivated bilaterally with muscimol (30 ng). Intra-IL muscimol markedly potentiated AI/DI DAMGO-induced sucrose hyperphagia by increasing eating bout duration and food consumption per bout. In contrast, PRL attenuated intra-AI/DI DAMGO-driven sucrose intake and feeding duration and eliminated the small DAMGO-induced increase in feeding bout initiation. Intra-IL or -PRL muscimol alone (i.e., without intra-AI/DI DAMGO) did not alter feeding behavior, but slightly reduced exploratory-like rearing in both mPFC subregions. These results reveal anatomical heterogeneity in mPFC regulation of the intense feeding-motivational state engendered by µ-OR signaling in the gustatory insula: IL significantly curtails consummatory activity, while PRL modestly contributes to feeding initiation. Results are discussed with regard to potential circuit-based mechanisms that may underlie the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana L. Giacomini
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ken Sadeghian
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Brian A. Baldo
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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Zeevi L, Irani M, Catana C, Feldman Barrett L, Atzil S. Maternal dopamine encodes affective signals of human infants. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:503-509. [PMID: 34750627 PMCID: PMC9071406 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mothers are highly responsive to their offspring. In non-human mammals, mothers secrete dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in response to their pups. Yet, it is still unknown which aspect of the offspring behavior elicits dopaminergic responses in mothers. Here, we tested whether infants' affective signals elicit dopaminergic responses in the NAcc of human mothers. First, we conducted a behavioral analysis on videos of infants' free play and quantified the affective signals infants spontaneously communicated. Then, we presented the same videos to mothers during a magnetic resonance-positron emission tomography scan. We traced the binding of [11C]raclopride to free D2/3-type receptors to assess maternal dopaminergic responses during the infant videos. When mothers observed videos with many infant signals during the scan, they had less [11C]raclopride binding in the right NAcc. Less [11C]raclopride binding indicates that less D2/3 receptors were free, possibly due to increased endogenous dopamine responses to infants' affective signals. We conclude that NAcc D2/3 receptors are involved in maternal responsiveness to affective signals of human infants. D2/3 receptors have been associated with maternal responsiveness in nonhuman animals. This evidence supports a similar mechanism in humans and specifies infant-behaviors that activate the maternal dopaminergic system, with implications for social neuroscience, development and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Zeevi
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Merav Irani
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shir Atzil
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
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