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Xiao Y, Chen Y, Pietzner A, Elbelt U, Fan Z, Weylandt KH. Circulating Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Levels in Coronary Heart Disease: Pooled Analysis of 36 Observational Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1610. [PMID: 38892543 PMCID: PMC11174367 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation has shown potential benefits in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD); however, the impact of omega-3 fatty acid levels on CHD risk remains a subject of debate. Here, we aimed to investigate the association between n-3 PUFA levels and the risk of CHD, with particular reference to the subtypes of n-3 PUFA. METHODS Prospective studies and retrospective case-control studies analyzing n-3 PUFA levels in CHD, published up to 30 July 2022, were selected. A random effects meta-analysis was used for pooled assessment, with relative risks (RRs) expressed as 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and standardized mean differences expressed as weight mean differences (WMDs). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to assess the impact of n-3 PUFA exposure interval on the CHD subtype variables of the study. RESULTS We included 20 prospective studies (cohort and nested case-control) and 16 retrospective case-control studies, in which n-3 PUFAs were measured. Higher levels of n-3 PUFAs (ALA, EPA, DPA, DHA, EPA + DHA, total n-3 PUFAs) were associated with a reduced risk of CHD, with RRs (95% CI) of 0.89 (0.81, 0.98), 0.83 (0.72, 0.96); 0.80 (0.67,0.95), 0.75 (0.64, 0.87), 0.83 (0.73, 0.95), and 0.80 (0.70, 0.93), respectively, p < 0.05. CHD patients had significantly lower n-3 PUFA levels compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). In the subgroup analysis, a significant inverse trend was found for both fatal CHD and non-fatal CHD with n-3 PUFA (EPA + DHA) levels. Also, the link between n-3 PUFA levels in erythrocytes with total CHD was generally stronger than other lipid pools. CONCLUSIONS n-3 PUFAs are significantly related to CHD risk, and these findings support the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs on CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Pingxiang People’s Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Pingxiang 337000, China;
- Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Oncology, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yifang Chen
- Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Oncology, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anne Pietzner
- Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Oncology, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulf Elbelt
- Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Oncology, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
- Medical Department, Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Karsten H. Weylandt
- Division of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Metabolism and Oncology, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14467 Potsdam, Germany
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Celik Z, Ozen G, Sunar S, Turkyilmaz S, Turkyilmaz G, Kavala AA, Teskin O, Dogan BSU, Topal G. Effect of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in the regulation of vascular tone and inflammation in human saphenous vein. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 169:106786. [PMID: 37806440 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids are important mediators in the resolution of inflammation. Recent studies have focused on the effects of SPMs in cardiovascular health and diseases. However, little is known about the effect SPMs on human vascular tone. Therefore, in this study it is aimed to investigate the effect of various SPMs including resolvin D- and E-series, maresin-1 (MaR1) and lipoxin-A4 (LxA4) on the vascular tone of human isolated saphenous vein (SV) preparations under inflammatory conditions. In addition, we aimed to evaluate the effects of SPMs on the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) from human SV. Pretreatment of isolated of human SV with resolvin E1 (RvE1), resolvin D1 (RvD1) and MaR1 (100 nM, 18 h) significantly reduced the contractile responses to thromboxane A2 mimetic, U46619 whereas pretreatment with LxA4 and RvD2 (100 nM, 18 h) had no significant effect on the vascular tone of SV. Moreover, RvE1, RvD1 and MaR1 but not LxA4 and RvD2 (100 nM, 18 h) pretreatment diminished the release of MCP-1 and TNF-α from SV. In conclusion, our findings suggest that pre-treatment with RvE1, RvD1, and MaR1 could have potential benefits in decreasing graft vasospasm and vascular inflammation in SV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Celik
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsev Ozen
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seynur Sunar
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University, Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saygın Turkyilmaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital Bakirkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Turkyilmaz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital Bakirkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Aycan Kavala
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital Bakirkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onder Teskin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Sonmez Uydes Dogan
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Topal
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sandoval C, Nahuelqueo K, Mella L, Recabarren B, Souza-Mello V, Farías J. Role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic, in the regulation of gene expression during the development of obesity: a systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1288804. [PMID: 38024342 PMCID: PMC10665854 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1288804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There exists a correlation between obesity and the consumption of an excessive amount of calories, with a particular association between the intake of saturated and trans fats and an elevated body mass index. Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, have been identified as potential preventive nutrients against the cardiometabolic hazards that are commonly associated with obesity. The objective of this comprehensive review was to elucidate the involvement of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in the modulation of gene expression during the progression of obesity. Methods The present analysis focused on primary studies that investigated the association between long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, gene expression, and obesity in individuals aged 18 to 65 years. Furthermore, a comprehensive search was conducted on many databases until August 2023 to identify English-language scholarly articles utilizing MeSH terms and textual content pertaining to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, gene expression, obesity, and omega-3. The protocol has been registered on PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42022298395. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on a total of nine primary research articles. All research collected and presented quantitative data. Results and Discussion The findings of our study indicate that the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid may have potential advantages and efficacy in addressing noncommunicable diseases, including obesity. This can be attributed to their anti-inflammatory properties and their ability to regulate genes associated with obesity, such as PPARγ and those within the ALOX family. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022298395, CRD42022298395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Karen Nahuelqueo
- Carrera de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luciana Mella
- Carrera de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Blanca Recabarren
- Carrera de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratorio de Morfometría, Metabolismo y Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biología, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Huangfu N, Ma H, Tian M, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li Z, Chen X, Cui H. DHX9 Strengthens Atherosclerosis Progression By Promoting Inflammation in Macrophages. Inflammation 2023; 46:1725-1738. [PMID: 37326773 PMCID: PMC10567826 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of cerebrovascular diseases, and macrophages play important roles in atherosclerosis. DExH-Box helicase 9 (DHX9), as a member of DExD/H-box RNA helicase superfamily II, is identified as an autoantigen in the sera of systemic lupus erythematosus patients to trigger inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DHX9 is involved in AS development, especially in macrophages-mediated-inflammatory responses. We find that DHX9 expression is significantly increased in oxLDL or interferon-γ-treated macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Knockdown of DHX9 inhibits lipid uptake and pro-inflammatory factors expression in macrophages, and ameliorates TNF-α-mediated monocyte adhesion capacity. Furthermore, we find that oxLDL stimulation promotes DHX9 interaction with p65 in macrophages, and further enhances the transcriptional activity of DHX9-p65-RNA Polymerase II complex to produce inflammatory factors. Moreover, using ApoE -/- mice fed with western diet to establish AS model, we find that knockdown of DHX9 mediated by adeno-associated virus-Sh-DHX9 through tail vein injection evidently alleviates AS progression in vivo. Finally, we also find that knockdown of DHX9 inhibits p65 activation, inflammatory factors expression, and the transcriptional activity of p65-RNA Polymerase II complex in PBMCs from patients with CAD. Overall, these results indicate that DHX9 promotes AS progression by enhancing inflammation in macrophages, and suggest DHX9 as a potential target for developing therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huangfu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Centre for Cardiovascular Disease of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Hongchuang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Centre for Cardiovascular Disease of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Mengyun Tian
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Centre for Cardiovascular Disease of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315000, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Centre for Cardiovascular Disease of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315000, China.
- Clinical Medicine Research Centre for Cardiovascular Disease of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315000, China.
| | - Hanbin Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315000, China.
- Clinical Medicine Research Centre for Cardiovascular Disease of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315000, China.
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von Gerichten J, West AL, Irvine NA, Miles EA, Calder PC, Lillycrop KA, Burdge GC, Fielding BA. Oxylipin secretion by human CD3 + T lymphocytes in vitro is modified by the exogenous essential fatty acid ratio and life stage. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206733. [PMID: 37388745 PMCID: PMC10300345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune function changes across the life stages; for example, senior adults exhibit a tendency towards a weaker cell-mediated immune response and a stronger inflammatory response than younger adults. This might be partly mediated by changes in oxylipin synthesis across the life course. Oxylipins are oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that modulate immune function and inflammation. A number of PUFAs are precursors to oxylipins, including the essential fatty acids (EFAs) linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA). LA and ALA are also substrates for synthesis of longer chain PUFAs. Studies with stable isotopes have shown that the relative amounts of LA and ALA can influence their partitioning by T lymphocytes between conversion to longer chain PUFAs and to oxylipins. It is not known whether the relative availability of EFA substrates influences the overall pattern of oxylipin secretion by human T cells or if this changes across the life stages. To address this, the oxylipin profile was determined in supernatants from resting and mitogen activated human CD3+ T cell cultures incubated in medium containing an EFA ratio of either 5:1 or 8:1 (LA : ALA). Furthermore, oxylipin profiles in supernatants of T cells from three life stages, namely fetal (derived from umbilical cord blood), adults and seniors, treated with the 5:1 EFA ratio were determined. The extracellular oxylipin profiles were affected more by the EFA ratio than mitogen stimulation such that n-3 PUFA-derived oxylipin concentrations were higher with the 5:1 EFA ratio than the 8:1 ratio, possibly due to PUFA precursor competition for lipoxygenases. 47 oxylipin species were measured in all cell culture supernatants. Extracellular oxylipin concentrations were generally higher for fetal T cells than for T cells from adult and senior donors, although the composition of oxylipins was similar across the life stages. The contribution of oxylipins towards an immunological phenotype might be due to the capacity of T cells to synthesize oxylipins rather than the nature of the oxylipins produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna von Gerichten
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Annette L. West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A. Irvine
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karen A. Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Graham C. Burdge
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara A. Fielding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Sarajlic P, Vigor C, Avignon A, Zhou B, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Sultan A, Bäck M. Omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acid oxidation ratio as a novel inflammation resolution marker for metabolic complications in obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1206-1213. [PMID: 37032252 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) leads to bioactive isoprostanoids. The aim was to establish the associations of a complete urinary isoprostanoid profiling in a cohort study of carefully phenotyped obese subjects to determine possible potential differential implications for omega-6 PUFA- and omega-3 PUFA-derived isoprostanoids for obesity, metabolic indicators, and inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS PUFA peroxidation compounds were determined in urine samples from obese human subjects (n = 46) by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Increased omega-6 arachidonic acid (AA) oxidation, mainly represented by 5-F2c isoprostane (5-F2c-IsoP) and metabolites of 15-F2t-IsoP, was associated with body mass index, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and mean arterial blood pressure. In addition, we identified the omega-3 PUFA-derived urinary metabolites 14-F4t-NeuroP from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 5-F3t-IsoP from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which declined with age. The omega-3 to omega-6 oxidation ratio was a significant predictor of inflammation in obesity. CONCLUSION The findings point to full urinary isoprostanoid profiling as a more sensitive measure of PUFA oxidative stress in obesity-induced metabolic complications compared with individual isoprostanoid measures. Furthermore, the results suggest the balance between the omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA oxidation as determinative for the consequences of oxidative stress on inflammation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sarajlic
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Pôle Recherche Chimie Balard, 34293 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Avignon
- Endocrinology Diabetes Department, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, IDESP UMR UA11 INSERM, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bingqing Zhou
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Pôle Recherche Chimie Balard, 34293 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Pôle Recherche Chimie Balard, 34293 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Pôle Recherche Chimie Balard, 34293 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Pôle Recherche Chimie Balard, 34293 Cedex 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Ariane Sultan
- Endocrinology Diabetes Department, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Phymedexp, Université de Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Université de Lorraine, INERM U1116, CHRU Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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The PPAR-γ Agonist Pioglitazone Modulates Proliferation and Migration in HUVEC, HAOSMC and Human Arteriovenous Fistula-Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054424. [PMID: 36901853 PMCID: PMC10003103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) following intimal hyperplasia (IH) increases morbidity and mortality rates in patients undergoing hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease. The peroxisome-proliferator associated receptor (PPAR-γ) may be a therapeutic target in IH regulation. In the present study, we investigated PPAR-γ expression and tested the effect of pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, in different cell types involved in IH. As cell models, we used Human Endothelial Umbilical Vein Cells (HUVEC), Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (HAOSMC), and AVF cells (AVFCs) isolated from (i) normal veins collected at the first AVF establishment (T0), and (ii) failed AVF with IH (T1). PPAR-γ was downregulated in AVF T1 tissues and cells, in comparison to T0 group. HUVEC, HAOSMC, and AVFC (T0 and T1) proliferation and migration were analyzed after pioglitazone administration, alone or in combination with the PPAR-γ inhibitor, GW9662. Pioglitazone negatively regulated HUVEC and HAOSMC proliferation and migration. The effect was antagonized by GW9662. These data were confirmed in AVFCs T1, where pioglitazone induced PPAR-γ expression and downregulated the invasive genes SLUG, MMP-9, and VIMENTIN. In summary, PPAR-γ modulation may represent a promising strategy to reduce the AVF failure risk by modulating cell proliferation and migration.
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Nutritional Approaches to Modulate Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041036. [PMID: 36839394 PMCID: PMC9958972 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic pathology characterized by a bimodal mortality pattern attributed to clinical disease activity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A complex interaction between traditional CVD risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension, as well as the presence of non-traditional CVD risk factors such as hyperhomocysteinemia, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and C-reactive protein levels, has been suggested as a cause of the high prevalence of CVD in SLE patients. On the other hand, environmental factors, such as nutritional status, could influence the disease's prognosis; several nutrients have immunomodulators, antioxidants, and anti-cardiometabolic risk properties which could reduce SLE severity and organ damage by decreasing the development of traditional and non-traditional CVD risk factors. Therefore, this critical literature review discusses the therapeutic potential of nutritional approaches that could modulate the development of the main comorbidities related to CVD risk in SLE patients.
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Macvanin MT, Rizzo M, Radovanovic J, Sonmez A, Paneni F, Isenovic ER. Role of Chemerin in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112970. [PMID: 36428537 PMCID: PMC9687862 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity is closely connected to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Excess fat accumulation is associated with metabolic malfunctions that disrupt cardiovascular homeostasis by activating inflammatory processes that recruit immune cells to the site of injury and reduce nitric oxide levels, resulting in increased blood pressure, endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Adipose tissue produces adipokines, such as chemerin, that may alter immune responses, lipid metabolism, vascular homeostasis, and angiogenesis. (2) Methods: We performed PubMed and MEDLINE searches for articles with English abstracts published between 1997 (when the first report on chemerin identification was published) and 2022. The search retrieved original peer-reviewed articles analyzed in the context of the role of chemerin in CVDs, explicitly focusing on the most recent findings published in the past five years. (3) Results: This review summarizes up-to-date findings related to mechanisms of chemerin action, its role in the development and progression of CVDs, and novel strategies for developing chemerin-targeting therapeutic agents for treating CVDs. (4) Conclusions: Extensive evidence points to chemerin's role in vascular inflammation, angiogenesis, and blood pressure modulation, which opens up exciting perspectives for developing chemerin-targeting therapeutic agents for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T. Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMIS), Università degli Studi di Palermo (UNIPA), 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Jelena Radovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alper Sonmez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 34668, Turkey
| | - Francesco Paneni
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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Jiang H, Li L, Zhang L, Zang G, Sun Z, Wang Z. Role of endothelial cells in vascular calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:895005. [PMID: 35928939 PMCID: PMC9343736 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is active and regulates extraosseous ossification progress, which is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Endothelial cells (ECs) line the innermost layer of blood vessels and directly respond to changes in flow shear stress and blood composition. Together with vascular smooth muscle cells, ECs maintain vascular homeostasis. Increased evidence shows that ECs have irreplaceable roles in VC due to their high plasticity. Endothelial progenitor cells, oxidative stress, inflammation, autocrine and paracrine functions, mechanotransduction, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and other factors prompt ECs to participate in VC. EndMT is a dedifferentiation process by which ECs lose their cell lineage and acquire other cell lineages; this progress coexists in both embryonic development and CVD. EndMT is regulated by several signaling molecules and transcription factors and ultimately mediates VC via osteogenic differentiation. The specific molecular mechanism of EndMT remains unclear. Can EndMT be reversed to treat VC? To address this and other questions, this study reviews the pathogenesis and research progress of VC, expounds the role of ECs in VC, and focuses on the regulatory factors underlying EndMT, with a view to providing new concepts for VC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongqun Wang,
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11
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Dubé L, Spahis S, Lachaîne K, Lemieux A, Monhem H, Poulin SM, Randoll C, Travaillaud E, Ould-Chikh NEH, Marcil V, Delvin E, Levy E. Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators Derived from N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Role in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Complications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:54-83. [PMID: 35072542 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence continues to grow and represents a serious public health issue worldwide. This multifactorial condition carries the risk of hastening the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Another troubling aspect of MetS is the requirement of poly-pharmacological therapy not devoid of side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for prospecting alternative nutraceuticals as effective therapeutic agents for MetS. Recent Advances: Currently, there is an increased interest in understanding the regulation of metabolic derangements by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), especially those derived from the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Critical Issues: The SPMs are recognized as efficient modulators that are capable of inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, blocking neutrophil activation/recruitment, and inducing non-phlogistic (anti-inflammatory) activation of macrophage engulfment and removal of apoptotic inflammatory cells and debris. The aim of the present review is precisely to first underline key concepts relative to SPM functions before focusing on their status and actions on MetS components (e.g., obesity, glucose dysmetabolism, hyperlipidemia, hypertension) and complications such as T2D, NAFLD, and CVD. Future Directions: Valuable data from preclinical and clinical investigations have emphasized the SPM functions and influence on oxidative stress- and inflammation-related MetS. Despite these promising findings obtained without compromising host defense, additional efforts are needed to evaluate their potential therapeutic applications and further develop practical tools to monitor their bioavailability to cope with cardiometabolic disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 54-83.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dubé
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Karelle Lachaîne
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Hanine Monhem
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Carolane Randoll
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eva Travaillaud
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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12
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Gao Z, Zhang D, Yan X, Shi H, Xian X. Effects of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Coronary Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:904250. [PMID: 35795375 PMCID: PMC9251200 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.904250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and PurposeMultiple guidelines suggest the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) help to prevent major vascular events of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the data on large trials of ω-3 fatty acids are controversial. We reviewed the available evidence to determine the effect of ω-3 PUFAs on coronary atherosclerosis.Materials and MethodsLiterature were from online databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies were acceptable. Quantitative data synthesis was conducted using R version 4.1.2. Each outcome was calculated using standardized mean difference (SMD) in a random-effect model. Sensitivity analysis was conducted for each outcome. A total of 21 RCTs and 1 observational study with 2,277 participants were included.ResultsMeta-analysis indicated a benefit of ω-3 PUFAs on coronary atherosclerosis, namely, (1) ω-3 PUFAs can reduce the atherosclerotic plaque volume (SMD −0.18; 95% CI −0.31 to −0.05); (2) ω-3 PUFAs can help reduce the loss of the diameter of the narrowest segments of coronary arteries in patients with CHD (SMD 0.29; 95% CI, 0.05–0.53); (3) ω-3 PUFAs do not have significant effect on volume of lipid plaque in coronary arteries (SMD −1.18; 95% CI −2.95 to 0.58), volume of fiber plaque (SMD 0.26; 95% CI −0.81 to 1.33), and calcified plaque (SMD 0.17; 95% CI −0.55 to 0.89); and (4) ω-3 PUFAs had no significant effect on endothelial inflammatory factors in peripheral blood.ConclusionsWe confirmed that ω-3 PUFAs benefit patients with CHD by reducing the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. We indicated that the benefits were not caused by reducing endothelial inflammations of coronary arteries.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021285139, identifier: CRD42021285139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dewen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaocan Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hekai Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohui Xian
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13
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Arase H, Yamada S, Torisu K, Tokumoto M, Taniguchi M, Tsuruya K, Nakano T, Kitazono T. Protective Roles of Xenotropic and Polytropic Retrovirus Receptor 1 (XPR1) in Uremic Vascular Calcification. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:685-697. [PMID: 35112184 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cellular phosphate transporters play critical roles in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification (VC) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the mechanistic link between VC and xenotropic and polytropic receptor 1 (XPR1), a newly identified phosphate exporter, remains unknown. We developed a new mouse model with rapidly progressive uremic VC in C57BL/6 mice and examined the roles of XPR1. The combination of surgical heminephrectomy and 8 weeks of feeding a customized warfarin and adenine-based diet induced extensive aortic VC in almost all mice. The XPR1 mRNA level in the aorta of CKD mice was significantly lower than those in control mice as early as week 2, when there was no apparent VC, which progressively declined thereafter. Dietary phosphate restriction increased XPR1 mRNA expression in the aorta but reduced aortic VC in CKD mice. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), a calcifying medium supplemented with high phosphate and calcium did not affect XPR1 mRNA expression. The XPR1 mRNA expression in cultured VCMCs was also unaffected by administration of indoxyl sulfate or calcitriol deficiency but was decreased by 1-34 parathyroid hormone or fibroblast growth factor 23 supplementation. Furthermore, XPR1 deletion in the cultured VSMCs exacerbated calcification of the extracellular matrix as well as the osteogenic phenotypic switch under the condition of calcifying medium. Our data suggest that XPR1 plays protective roles in the pathogenesis of VC and its decrease in the aorta may contribute to the progression of VC in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Arase
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
| | - Kumiko Torisu
- Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
| | - Masanori Tokumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-Ku, Fukuoka, 8140193, Japan
| | - Masatomo Taniguchi
- Fukuoka Renal Clinic, 4-6-20 Watanabe-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Fukuoka, 8100004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 6348521, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan.
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan
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14
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Caravaca AS, Gallina AL, Tarnawski L, Shavva VS, Colas RA, Dalli J, Malin SG, Hult H, Arnardottir H, Olofsson PS. Vagus nerve stimulation promotes resolution of inflammation by a mechanism that involves Alox15 and requires the α7nAChR subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2023285119. [PMID: 35622894 PMCID: PMC9295760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023285119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonresolving inflammation underlies a range of chronic inflammatory diseases, and therapeutic acceleration of resolution of inflammation may improve outcomes. Neural reflexes regulate the intensity of inflammation (for example, through signals in the vagus nerve), but whether activation of the vagus nerve promotes the resolution of inflammation in vivo has been unknown. To investigate this, mice were subjected to electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) or sham surgery at the cervical level followed by zymosan-induced peritonitis. The duration of inflammation resolution was significantly reduced and efferocytosis was significantly increased in mice treated with VNS as compared with sham. Lipid mediator (LM) metabololipidomics revealed that mice treated with VNS had higher levels of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), particularly from the omega-3 docosahexaenoic (DHA) and docosapentaenoic (n-3 DPA) metabolomes, in peritoneal exudates. VNS also shifted the ratio between proinflammatory and proresolving LMs toward a proresolving profile, but this effect by VNS was inverted in mice deficient in 12/15-lipoxgenase (Alox15), a key enzyme in this SPM biosynthesis. The significant VNS-mediated reduction of neutrophil numbers in peritoneal exudates was absent in mice deficient in the cholinergic α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit (α7nAChR), an essential component of the inflammatory reflex. Thus, VNS increased local levels of SPM and accelerated resolution of inflammation in zymosan-induced peritonitis by a mechanism that involves Alox15 and requires the α7nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- April S. Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Alessandro L. Gallina
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Laura Tarnawski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Vladimir S. Shavva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Romain A. Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen G. Malin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hult
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Sweden
- Department of Mathematics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - Hildur Arnardottir
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Peder S. Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76, Sweden
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, 11030
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15
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Eggersdorfer M, Berger MM, Calder PC, Gombart AF, Ho E, Laviano A, Meydani SN. Perspective: Role of Micronutrients and Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Immune Outcomes of Relevance to Infections in Older Adults-A Narrative Review and Call for Action. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1415-1430. [PMID: 35587877 PMCID: PMC9384096 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is weakened by advancing age, often referred to as immunosenescence, increasing the vulnerability to, and frequently the severity of, infectious diseases in older people. This has become very apparent in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for which older people are at higher risk of severe outcomes, even those who are fully vaccinated. Aging affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems and is characterized by an imbalanced inflammatory response. Increasing evidence shows that optimal status of nutrients such as vitamins C, D, and E and selenium and zinc as well as the omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids DHA and EPA can help compensate for these age-related changes. While inadequate intakes of these nutrients are widespread in the general population, this is often more pronounced in older people. Maintaining adequate intakes is a challenge for them due to a range of factors such as physical, physiological, and cognitive changes; altered absorption; and the presence of noncommunicable diseases. While nutritional requirements are ideally covered by a balanced diet, this can be difficult to achieve, particularly for older people. Fortified foods and nutritional complements are effective in achieving adequate micronutrient intakes and should be considered as a safe and cost-effective means for older people to improve their nutritional status and hence support their defense against infections. Complementing the diet with a combination of micronutrients, particularly those playing a key role in the immune system such as vitamins C, D, and E and selenium and zinc as well as DHA and EPA, is recommended for older people. Optimal nutrition to support the immune system in older people will remain essential, particularly in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic and, thus, developing strategies to ensure adequate nutrition for the growing number of older adults will be an important and cost-effective investment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simin N Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Xia W, Zhao D, Li C, Xu L, Yao X, Hu H. Prognostic significance of albumin to alkaline phosphatase ratio in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Clin Exp Nephrol 2022; 26:917-924. [PMID: 35579723 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE No epidemiological evidence has investigated the effect of albumin to alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) on the prognosis among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). We aimed to explore the prognostic value of AAPR in these patients. METHODS We extracted all clinical data from MIMIC III. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the discrimination of AAPR for predicting in-hospital mortality. A generalized additive model was applied to identify a nonlinear association between AAPR and in-hospital mortality. The Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association between AAPR and in-hospital and 30-day mortality. RESULTS A total of 6894 eligible subjects were enrolled in this study. The relationship between AAPR and in-hospital mortality was nonlinear. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that lower AAPR (AAPR < 0.35) was an independent predictor of in-hospital and 30-day mortality after adjusting for potential confounders (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.72-2.20, P < 0.001; HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.66-2.14, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AAPR may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in critically ill patients with AKI and lower AAPR was associated with increased risk of in-hospital and 30-day mortality among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, 3 Yinrui Road, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu, China
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chenyu Li
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lingyu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiajuan Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, 3 Yinrui Road, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangyin People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, 3 Yinrui Road, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Mori K, Kuroha S, Hou J, Jeong H, Ogawa M, Ikeda SI, Kang JX, Negishi K, Torii H, Arita M, Kurihara T, Tsubota K. Lipidomic analysis revealed n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppressed choroidal thinning and myopia progression in mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22312. [PMID: 35532744 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101947r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Myopia is increasing worldwide and its preventable measure should urgently be pursued. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to have various effects such as vasodilative and anti-inflammatory, which myopia may be involved in. This study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of PUFAs on myopia progression. A lens-induced myopia (LIM) model was prepared using C57B L6/J 3-week-old mice, which were equipped with a -30 diopter lens to the right eye. Chows containing two different ratios of n-3/n-6 PUFA were administered to the mice, and myopic shifts were confirmed in choroidal thickness, refraction, and axial length in the n-3 PUFA-enriched chow group after 5 weeks. To exclude the possibility that the other ingredients in the chow may have taken the suppressive effect, fat-1 transgenic mice, which can produce n-3 PUFAs endogenously, demonstrated significant suppression of myopia. To identify what elements in n-3 PUFAs took effects on myopia suppression, enucleated eyes were used for targeted lipidomic analysis, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were characteristically distributed. Administration of EPA to the LIM model confirmed the inhibitory effect on choroidal thinning and myopia progression. Subsequently, to identify the elements and the metabolites of fatty acids effective on myopia suppression, targeted lipidomic analysis was performed and it demonstrated that metabolites of EPA were involved in myopia suppression, whereas prostaglandin E2 and 14,15-dihydrotestosterone were associated with progression of myopia. In conclusion, EPA and its metabolites are related to myopia suppression and inhibition of choroidal thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwako Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayoko Kuroha
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heonuk Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Torii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Zeng ZL, Yuan Q, Zu X, Liu J. Insights Into the Role of Mitochondria in Vascular Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879752. [PMID: 35571215 PMCID: PMC9099050 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a growing burden in aging societies worldwide, and with a significant increase in all-cause mortality and atherosclerotic plaque rupture, it is frequently found in patients with aging, diabetes, atherosclerosis, or chronic kidney disease. However, the mechanism of VC is still not yet fully understood, and there are still no effective therapies for VC. Regarding energy metabolism factories, mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining vascular physiology. Discoveries in past decades signifying the role of mitochondrial homeostasis in normal physiology and pathological conditions led to tremendous advances in the field of VC. Therapies targeting basic mitochondrial processes, such as energy metabolism, damage in mitochondrial DNA, or free-radical generation, hold great promise. The remarkably unexplored field of the mitochondrial process has the potential to shed light on several VC-related diseases. This review focuses on current knowledge of mitochondrial dysfunction, dynamics anomalies, oxidative stress, and how it may relate to VC onset and progression and discusses the main challenges and prerequisites for their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZL Zeng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xuyu Zu
| | - Jianghua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Jianghua Liu
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19
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Jiang X, Yang Z, Wang S, Deng S. “Big Data” Approaches for Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:810152. [PMID: 35571045 PMCID: PMC9095427 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.810152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the concurrence of multiple metabolic disorders resulting in the increased risk of a variety of diseases related to disrupted metabolism homeostasis. The prevalence of MetS has reached a pandemic level worldwide. In recent years, extensive amount of data have been generated throughout the research targeted or related to the condition with techniques including high-throughput screening and artificial intelligence, and with these “big data”, the prevention of MetS could be pushed to an earlier stage with different data source, data mining tools and analytic tools at different levels. In this review we briefly summarize the recent advances in the study of “big data” applications in the three-level disease prevention for MetS, and illustrate how these technologies could contribute tobetter preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Jiang
- Department of United Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuanglin Deng
- Department of Oncological Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shuanglin Deng,
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20
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Intimal Hyperplasia of Arteriovenous Fistula. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 85:444-453. [PMID: 35472499 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH), a crucial histopathological injury, forms the basis of vascular stenosis and thrombogenesis. In addition, it is common in maladies such as stenosis at the anastomosis of arteriovenous fistula and restenosis after angioplasty. Various cellular and noncellular components play critical parts in the advancement of IH. This article reviews the distinctive components of IH, such as endothelial dysfunction, multiplication, and movement of vascular smooth muscle cells. Finally, in addition to synthesis of large amounts of extracellular matrix and inflammatory responses, which have frequently been studied in recent years, we offer a premise for clinical treatment with vascular smooth muscle cells.
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21
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Al-Shabrawey M, Elmarakby A, Samra Y, Moustafa M, Looney SW, Maddipati KR, Tawfik A. Hyperhomocysteinemia dysregulates plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived eicosanoids. LIFE RESEARCH 2022; 5:14. [PMID: 36341141 PMCID: PMC9632953 DOI: 10.53388/2022-0106-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) contributes to the incidence of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Our group have previously established crucial roles of eicosanoids and homocysteine in the incidence of vascular injury in diabetic retinopathy and renal injury. Using cystathionine-β-synthase heterozygous mice (cβs+/-) as a model of HHcy, the current study was designed to determine the impact of homocysteine on circulating levels of lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Plasma samples were isolated from wild-type (WT) and cβs+/- mice for the assessment of eicosanoids levels using LC/MS. Plasma 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) activity significantly decreased in cβs+/- vs. WT control mice. LOX-derived metabolites from both omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA were also reduced in cβs+/- mice compared to WT control (P < 0.05). Contrary to LOX metabolites, cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites from omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA were significantly elevated in cβs+/- mice compared to WT control. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are epoxides derived from arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by CYP with anti-inflammatory properties and are known to limit vascular injury, however their physiological role is limited by their rapid degradation by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to their corresponding diols (DiHETrEs). In cβs+/- mice, a significant decrease in the plasma EETs bioavailability was obvious as evident by the decrease in EETs/ DiHETrEs ratio relative to WT control mice. Cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolites were also significantly decreased in cβs+/- vs. WT control mice. These data suggest that HHcy impacts eicosanoids metabolism through decreasing LOX and COX metabolic activities while increasing CYP metabolic activity. The increase in AA metabolism by CYP was also associated with increase in sEH activity and decrease in EETs bioavailability. Dysregulation of eicosanoids metabolism could be a contributing factor to the incidence and progression of HHcy-induced CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies and Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Ahmed Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yara Samra
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Moustafa
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies and Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephen W. Looney
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Amany Tawfik
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies and Eye Research Center, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
- Eye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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22
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Xie Y, Liu L. Role of Chemerin/ChemR23 axis as an emerging therapeutic perspective on obesity-related vascular dysfunction. J Transl Med 2022; 20:141. [PMID: 35317838 PMCID: PMC8939091 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufficient epidemiological investigations demonstrate that there is a close correlation between obesity and vascular dysfunction. Nevertheless, specific mechanisms underlying this link remain currently unclear. Given the crucial and decisive role of vascular dysfunction in multitudinous diseases, various hypotheses had been proposed and numerous experiments were being carried out. One recognized view is that increased adipokine secretion following the expanded mass of white adipose tissue due to obesity contributes to the regulation of vascular function. Chemerin, as a neo-adipokine, whose systemic level is elevated in obesity, is believed as a regulator of adipogenesis, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction via binding its cell surface receptor, chemR23. Hence, this review aims to focus on the up-to-date proof on chemerin/chemR23 axis-relevant signaling pathways, emphasize the multifarious impacts of chemerin/chemR23 axis on vascular function regulation, raise certain unsettled questions to inspire further investigations, and explore the therapeutic possibilities targeting chemerin/chemR23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China. .,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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23
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Yan J, Fan YJ, Bao H, Li YG, Zhang SM, Yao QP, Huo YL, Jiang ZL, Qi YX, Han Y. Platelet-derived microvesicles regulate vascular smooth muscle cell energy metabolism via PRKAA after intimal injury. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275043. [PMID: 35297486 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular intimal injury initiates various cardiovascular disease processes. Exposure to subendothelial collagen can cause platelet activation, leading to platelet-derived microvesicles (aPMVs) secretion. In addition, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exposed to large amounts of aPMVs undergo abnormal energy metabolism, they proliferate excessively and migrate after the loss of endothelium, eventually contributing to neointimal hyperplasia. However, the roles of aPMVs in VSMC energy metabolism are still unknown. Carotid artery intimal injury model indicated platelets adhered to injured blood vessels. In vitro, p-Pka content was increased in aPMVs. aPMVs significantly changed VSMC glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and promoted VSMC migration and proliferation by upregulating p-PRKAA/p-FoxO1. Compound C, an inhibitor of PRKAA, effectively reversed the cell function and energy metabolism triggered by aPMVs in vitro and neointimal formation in vivo. Our data show that aPMVs can affect VSMC energy metabolism through the Pka/PRKAA/FoxO1 signaling pathway and ultimately affect VSMC function, indicating that VSMC metabolic phenotype shifted by aPMVs can be considered a potential target for the inhibition of hyperplasia and providing a new perspective for regulating the abnormal activity of VSMCs after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Jing Fan
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Guang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Min Zhang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Long Huo
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zong-Lai Jiang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Wang W, Zhang J, Li Z, Gu J, Qin J, Li J, Zhang X, Ru S. Bisphenol S exposure accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in zebrafish embryo-larvae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128042. [PMID: 34942454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS), widely utilized in manufacturing of daily necessities, is a toxicant with potential to induce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the mode of action by which BPS exposure induces ASCVD remains unknown. Here, macrophages that were exposed to BPS in combination with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) exhibited enhanced formation of foam cells, a hallmark of ASCVD. Furthermore, zebrafish embryo-larvae were exposed to BPS (0, 1, 10 and 100 μg/L) for 15 days (d) and the characteristic symptoms of ASCVD including an inflammatory response, macrophage recruitment around blood vessels, and accumulation of oxLDL on vascular endothelium, were induced in 15-d larvae. After zebrafish were exposed to BPS for 45 d, BPS mobilized fatty acid metabolism and activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling in larval liver, the hub of endogenous lipid metabolism, causing an increase in plasma LDL. Driven by high plasma LDL levels, the caudal artery of zebrafish larvae exhibited lipid accumulation and a thickened area with a large number of collagen fibers, accompanied by characteristic lesions, as well as hyperlipidemia, erythrocyte aggregation, thinner blood vessel walls and increased levels of leukocytes and thromboocytes in plasma. Our data demonstrate that BPS accelerates the progression of ASCVD using zebrafish embryo-larvae as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ze Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jingyu Qin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
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25
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Bäck M, Xhaard C, Rouget R, Thuillier Q, Plunde O, Larsson SC, Girerd N, Ferreira JP, Boivin JM, Bozec E, Mercklé L, Zannad F, Hoge A, Guillaume M, Dandine-Roulland C, Floch EL, Bacq-Daian D, Deleuze JF, Van den Berghe L, Nazare JA, Laville M, Branlant C, Behm-Ansmant I, Wagner S, Rossignol P. Fatty acid desaturase genetic variations and dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake associate with arterial stiffness. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2022; 2:oeac016. [PMID: 35919123 PMCID: PMC9242081 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generate diverse bioactive lipid mediators, which tightly regulate vascular inflammation. The effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cardiovascular prevention however remain controversial. In addition to direct dietary intake, fatty acid desaturases (FADS) determine PUFA levels. Increased arterial stiffness represents an independent predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of PUFA intake, FADS1 genotype, and FADS expression with arterial stiffness.
Methods and results
A cross-sectional population-based cohort study of 1464 participants without overt cardiovascular disease was conducted. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), and the FADS1 locus variant was determined. Blood cell transcriptomics was performed in a subset of 410 individuals. Pulse wave velocity was significantly associated with the FADS1 locus variant. Differential associations between PWV and omega-3 PUFA intake were observed depending on the FADS1 genotype. High omega-3 PUFA intake attenuated the FADS1 genotype-dependent associations. Carriers of the minor FADS1 locus variant exhibited increased expression of FADS2, which is associated with PWV.
Conclusion
Taken together, these findings point to FADS1 genotype-dependent associations of omega-3 PUFA intake on subclinical cardiovascular disease. These findings may have implications for identifying responders and non-responders to omega-3 PUFA supplementation and open up for personalized dietary counselling in cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine Solna, , 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Department of Cardiology, , 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Constance Xhaard
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Raphael Rouget
- Université de Lorraine , CNRS, UMR 7365, IMoPA, F54000 Nancy, France
| | - Quentin Thuillier
- Université de Lorraine , CNRS, UMR 7365, IMoPA, F54000 Nancy, France
| | - Oscar Plunde
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine Solna, , 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, , 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Uppsala University Department of Surgical Sciences, , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boivin
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Erwan Bozec
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Ludovic Mercklé
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Axelle Hoge
- Université de Liège Département des Sciences de la Santé publique, , Liège, Belgium
| | - Michèle Guillaume
- Université de Liège Département des Sciences de la Santé publique, , Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Edith Le Floch
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Evry, France
| | - Delphine Bacq-Daian
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Evry, France
| | - Laurie Van den Berghe
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite , Lyon, France
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite , Lyon, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite , Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Sandra Wagner
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
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Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063133. [PMID: 35328553 PMCID: PMC8955102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global public health issue due to its high morbidity, mortality, and economic impact. The implementation of innovative therapeutic alternatives for CVD is urgently required. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are bioactive compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, integrated into four families: Lipoxins, Resolvins, Protectins, and Maresins. SPMs have generated interest in recent years due to their ability to promote the resolution of inflammation associated with the pathogeneses of numerous illnesses, particularly CVD. Several preclinical studies in animal models have evidenced their ability to decrease the progression of atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, and reperfusion injury via diverse mechanisms. Large-scale clinical trials are required to determine the effects of SPMs in humans. This review integrates the currently available knowledge of the therapeutic impact of SPMs in CVD from preclinical and clinical studies, along with the implicated molecular pathways. In vitro results have been promising, and as such, SPMs could soon represent a new therapeutic alternative for CVD.
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27
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Dalli J, Gomez EA, Jouvene CC. Utility of the Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030353. [PMID: 35327544 PMCID: PMC8945731 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A precision medicine approach is widely acknowledged to yield more effective therapeutic strategies in the treatment of patients with chronic inflammatory conditions than the prescriptive paradigm currently utilized in the management and treatment of these patients. This is because such an approach will take into consideration relevant factors including the likelihood that a patient will respond to given therapeutics based on their disease phenotype. Unfortunately, the application of this precision medicine paradigm in the daily treatment of patients has been greatly hampered by the lack of robust biomarkers, in particular biomarkers for determining early treatment responsiveness. Lipid mediators are central in the regulation of host immune responses during both the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Amongst lipid mediators, the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) govern immune cells to promote the resolution of inflammation. These autacoids are produced via the stereoselective conversion of essential fatty acids to yield molecules that are dynamically regulated during inflammation and exert potent immunoregulatory activities. Furthermore, there is an increasing appreciation for the role that these mediators play in conveying the biological actions of several anti-inflammatory therapeutics, including statins and aspirin. Identification and quantitation of these mediators has traditionally been achieved using hyphenated mass spectrometric techniques, primarily liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Recent advances in the field of chromatography and mass spectrometry have increased both the robustness and the sensitivity of this approach and its potential deployment for routine clinical diagnostics. In the present review, we explore the evidence supporting a role for specific SPM as potential biomarkers for patient stratification in distinct disease settings together with methodologies employed in the identification and quantitation of these autacoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.A.G.); (C.C.J.)
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Esteban Alberto Gomez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.A.G.); (C.C.J.)
| | - Charlotte Camille Jouvene
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.A.G.); (C.C.J.)
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28
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The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on stroke treatment and prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:924-935. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.04148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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29
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Chernyak BV, Lyamzaev KG, Mulkidjanian AY. Innate Immunity as an Executor of the Programmed Death of Individual Organisms for the Benefit of the Entire Population. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413480. [PMID: 34948277 PMCID: PMC8704876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, over-activation of innate immunity in response to viral or bacterial infections often causes severe illness and death. Furthermore, similar mechanisms related to innate immunity can cause pathogenesis and death in sepsis, massive trauma (including surgery and burns), ischemia/reperfusion, some toxic lesions, and viral infections including COVID-19. Based on the reviewed observations, we suggest that such severe outcomes may be manifestations of a controlled suicidal strategy protecting the entire population from the spread of pathogens and from dangerous pathologies rather than an aberrant hyperstimulation of defense responses. We argue that innate immunity may be involved in the implementation of an altruistic programmed death of an organism aimed at increasing the well-being of the whole community. We discuss possible ways to suppress this atavistic program by interfering with innate immunity and suggest that combating this program should be a major goal of future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (B.V.C.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Armen Y. Mulkidjanian
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics, Osnabrueck University, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.V.C.); (A.Y.M.)
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30
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Icard P, Simula L, Rei J, Fournel L, De Pauw V, Alifano M. On the footsteps of Hippocrates, Sanctorius and Harvey to better understand the influence of cold on the occurrence of COVID-19 in European countries in 2020. Biochimie 2021; 191:164-171. [PMID: 34555456 PMCID: PMC8458079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by a pattern of consecutive declines and regrowth in European countries in 2020. After being partially regressed during the summer, the reappearance of the infection during fall 2020 in many temperate countries strongly suggests that temperature and cold may play a role in influencing the infectivity and virulence of SARS-CoV-2. While promoting medicine as an art, Hippocrates interpreted with logical reasoning the occurrence of diseases such as epidemics, as a consequence of environmental factors, in particular climatic variations. During the Renaissance, Sanctorius was one of the first to perform quantitative measurements, and Harvey discovered the circulation of blood by performing experimental procedures in animals. We think that a reasoning mixing various observations, measurements and experiments is fundamental to understand how cold increases infectivity and virulence of SARS-CoV-2. By this review, we provide evidence linking cold, angiotensin-II, vasoconstriction, hypoxia and aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) to explain how cold affects the epidemiology of COVID-19. Also, a low humidity increases virus transmissibility, while a warm atmosphere, a moderate airway humidity, and the production of vasodilator angiotensin 1-7 by ACE2 are less favorable to the virus entry and/or its development. The meteorological and environmental parameters impacting COVID-19 pandemic should be reintegrated into a whole perspective by taking into account the different factors influencing transmissibility, infectivity and virulence of SARS-CoV-2. To understand the modern enigma represented by COVID-19, an interdisciplinary approach is surely essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Université Caen Normandie, Medical School, CHU de Caen, Caen, F-14000, France; INSERM U1086, Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen University, France; Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France.
| | - Luca Simula
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Cochin Institute, Paris University, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Joana Rei
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France; INSERM U1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Vincent De Pauw
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Paris University Hospitals, APHP, France; INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
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31
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Desale SE, Chinnathambi S. α- Linolenic acid modulates phagocytosis and endosomal pathways of extracellular Tau in microglia. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:84-100. [PMID: 33724164 PMCID: PMC7971307 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1898727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells, were found to be activated to inflammatory phenotype in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The extracellular burden of amyloid-β plaques and Tau seed fabricate the activation of microglia. The seeding effect of extracellular Tau species is an emerging aspect to study about Tauopathies in AD. Tau seeds enhance the propagation of disease along with its contribution to microglia-mediated inflammation. The excessive neuroinflammation cumulatively hampers phagocytic function of microglia reducing the clearance of extracellular protein aggregates. Omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, are recognized to induce anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia. In addition to increased cytokine production, omega-3 fatty acids enhance phagocytic receptors expression in microglia. In this study, we have observed the phagocytosis of extracellular Tau in the presence of α-linolenic acid (ALA). The increased phagocytosis of extracellular Tau monomer and aggregates have been observed upon ALA exposure to microglia cells. After internalization, the degradation status of Tau has been studied with early and late endosomal markers Rab5 and Rab7. Further, the lysosome-mediated degradation of internalized Tau was studied with LAMP-2A, a lysosome marker. The enhanced migratory ability in the presence of ALA could be beneficial for microglia to access the target and clear it. The increased migration of microglia was found to induce the microtubule-organizing center repolarization. The data indicate that the dietary fatty acids ALA could significantly enhance phagocytosis and intracellular degradation of internalized Tau. Our results suggest that microglia could be influenced to reduce extracellular Tau seed with dietary fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Eknath Desale
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical LaboratoryPune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical LaboratoryPune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad, India
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32
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Arnardottir H, Thul S, Pawelzik SC, Karadimou G, Artiach G, Gallina AL, Mysdotter V, Carracedo M, Tarnawski L, Caravaca AS, Baumgartner R, Ketelhuth DF, Olofsson PS, Paulsson-Berne G, Hansson GK, Bäck M. The resolvin D1 receptor GPR32 transduces inflammation-resolution and atheroprotection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142883. [PMID: 34699386 DOI: 10.1172/jci142883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and results from an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving signaling. The human GPR32 receptor, together with the ALX/FPR2 receptor, transduces biological actions of several pro-resolving mediators that stimulate resolution of inflammation. However, since no murine homologs of the human GPR32 exist, comprehensive in vivo studies are lacking. Using human atherosclerotic lesions from carotid endarterectomies and creating a transgenic mouse model expressing human GPR32 on a Fpr2×apolipoprotein E double KO background (hGPR32myc×Fpr2-/-×Apoe-/-), we investigated the role of GPR32 in atherosclerosis and self-limiting acute inflammation. GPR32 mRNA was reduced in human atherosclerotic lesions and correlated with the immune cell markers ARG1, NOS2 and FOXP3. Atherosclerotic lesions, necrotic core and aortic inflammation were reduced in hGPR32mycTg×Fpr2-/-×Apoe-/- transgenic mice as compared to Fpr2-/-×Apoe-/- non-transgenic littermates. In a zymosan induced peritonitis model, the hGPR32mycTg×Fpr2-/-×Apoe-/- transgenic mice had reduced inflammation at 4h and enhanced pro-resolving macrophage responses at 24h compared to non-transgenic littermates. The GPR32 agonist aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) regulated leukocyte responses, including enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular signaling in hGPR32mycTg×Fpr2-/-×Apoe-/- transgenic mice but not in the Fpr2-/-×Apoe-/- non-transgenic littermates. Altogether these results provide the first evidence that GPR32 regulates resolution of inflammation and is atheroprotective in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silke Thul
- Department of Medicone, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Artiach
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Miguel Carracedo
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Tarnawski
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - April S Caravaca
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Peder S Olofsson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Göran K Hansson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Liu G, Wan N, Liu Q, Chen Y, Cui H, Wang Y, Ren J, Shen X, Lu W, Yu Y, Shen Y, Wang J. Resolvin E1 Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension by Suppressing Wnt7a/β-Catenin Signaling. Hypertension 2021; 78:1914-1926. [PMID: 34689593 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhu Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (G.L., Y.C., W.L., Y.Y., J.W.)
| | - Naifu Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (N.W.)
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Q.L., Y.W., Y.Y., Y.S.)
| | - Yuqin Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (G.L., Y.C., W.L., Y.Y., J.W.)
| | - Hui Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China (H.C., X.S.)
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Q.L., Y.W., Y.Y., Y.S.)
| | - Jiaoqi Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (J.R.)
| | - Xia Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China (H.C., X.S.).,CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (X.S., Y.Y.)
| | - Wenju Lu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (G.L., Y.C., W.L., Y.Y., J.W.)
| | - Ying Yu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (G.L., Y.C., W.L., Y.Y., J.W.).,Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Q.L., Y.W., Y.Y., Y.S.).,CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (X.S., Y.Y.)
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Q.L., Y.W., Y.Y., Y.S.)
| | - Jian Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (G.L., Y.C., W.L., Y.Y., J.W.).,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (J.W.)
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34
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Reina-Couto M, Pereira-Terra P, Quelhas-Santos J, Silva-Pereira C, Albino-Teixeira A, Sousa T. Inflammation in Human Heart Failure: Major Mediators and Therapeutic Targets. Front Physiol 2021; 12:746494. [PMID: 34707513 PMCID: PMC8543018 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.746494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been recognized as a major pathophysiological contributor to the entire spectrum of human heart failure (HF), including HF with reduced ejection fraction, HF with preserved ejection fraction, acute HF and cardiogenic shock. Nevertheless, the results of several trials attempting anti-inflammatory strategies in HF patients have not been consistent or motivating and the clinical implementation of anti-inflammatory treatments for HF still requires larger and longer trials, as well as novel and/or more specific drugs. The present work reviews the different inflammatory mechanisms contributing to each type of HF, the major inflammatory mediators involved, namely tumor necrosis factor alpha, the interleukins 1, 6, 8, 10, 18, and 33, C-reactive protein and the enzymes myeloperoxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and their effects on heart function. Furthermore, several trials targeting these mediators or involving other anti-inflammatory treatments in human HF are also described and analyzed. Future therapeutic advances will likely involve tailored anti-inflammatory treatments according to the patient's inflammatory profile, as well as the development of resolution pharmacology aimed at stimulating resolution of inflammation pathways in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reina-Couto
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira-Terra
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Janete Quelhas-Santos
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Silva-Pereira
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Biomedicina – Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto (MedInUP), Porto, Portugal
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35
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Saleh RNM, West AL, Ostermann AI, Schebb NH, Calder PC, Minihane AM. APOE Genotype Modifies the Plasma Oxylipin Response to Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in Healthy Individuals. Front Nutr 2021; 8:723813. [PMID: 34604280 PMCID: PMC8484638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.723813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), mediate inflammation in large part by affecting pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving oxylipin concentrations. Common gene variants are thought to underlie the large inter-individual variation in oxylipin levels in response to n-3 PUFA supplementation, which in turn is likely to contribute to the overall heterogeneity in response to n-3 PUFA intervention. Given its known role in inflammation and as a modulator of the physiological response to EPA and DHA, here we explore, for the first time, the differential response of plasma hydroxy-, epoxy- and dihydroxy-arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA oxylipins according to apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype using samples from a dose-response parallel design RCT. Healthy participants were given doses of EPA+DHA equivalent to intakes of 1, 2, and 4 portions of oily fish per week for 12 months. There was no difference in the plasma levels of EPA, DHA or ARA between the wildtype APOE3/E3 and APOE4 carrier groups after 3 or 12 months of n-3 PUFA supplementation. At 12 months, hydroxy EPAs (HEPEs) and hydroxy-DHAs (HDHAs) were higher in APOE4 carriers, with the difference most evident at the highest EPA+DHA intake. A significant APOE*n-3 PUFA dose effect was observed for the CYP-ω hydroxylase products 19-HEPE (p = 0.027) and 20-HEPE (p = 0.011). 8-HEPE, which, along with several other plasma oxylipins, is an activator of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), showed the highest fold change in APOE4 carriers (14-fold) compared to APOE3/E3 (4-fold) (p = 0.014). Low basal plasma EPA levels (EPA < 0.85% of total fatty acids) were associated with a greater change in 5-HEPE, 9-HEPE, 11-HEPE, and 20-HEPE compared to high basal EPA levels (EPA > 1.22% of total fatty acids). In conclusion, APOE genotype modulated the plasma oxylipin response to increased EPA+DHA intake, with APOE4 carriers presenting with the greatest increases following high dose n-3 PUFA supplementation for 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha N M Saleh
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Annette L West
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Annika I Ostermann
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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36
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Herrera Vielma F, Valenzuela R, Videla LA, Zúñiga-Hernández J. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Lipid Mediators as A Potential Immune-Nutritional Intervention: A Molecular and Clinical View in Hepatic Disease and Other Non-Communicable Illnesses. Nutrients 2021; 13:3384. [PMID: 34684386 PMCID: PMC8539469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the beneficial effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) intake on human health has been widely accepted in the field of immunonutrition. Today, we find a diversity of supplements based on n-3 PUFAs and/or minerals, vitamins and other substances. The main objective of this review is to discuss the importance of n-3 PUFAs and their derivatives on immunity and inflammatory status related to liver disease and other non-communicable illnesses. Based on the burden of liver diseases in 2019, more than two million people die from liver pathologies per year worldwide, because it is the organ most exposed to agents such as viruses, toxins and medications. Consequently, research conducted on n-3 PUFAs for liver disease has been gaining prominence with encouraging results, given that these fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. In addition, it has been described that n-3 PUFAs are converted into a novel species of lipid intermediaries, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). At specific levels, SPMs improve the termination of inflammation as well as the repairing and regeneration of tissues, but they are deregulated in liver disease. Since evidence is still insufficient to carry out pharmacological trials to benefit the resolution of acute inflammation in non-communicable diseases, there remains a call for continuing preclinical and clinical research to better understand SPM actions and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Herrera Vielma
- Department of Biomedical Basic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández
- Department of Biomedical Basic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
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Wu J, Jin L, Tan JY, Chen XF, Wang QQ, Yuan GY, Chen TX. The effects of a biodegradable Mg-based alloy on the function of VSMCs via immunoregulation of macrophages through Mg-induced responses. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1292. [PMID: 34532429 PMCID: PMC8422083 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Restenosis is one of the worst side effects of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to neointima formation resulting from the excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and continuous inflammation. Biodegradable Mg-based alloy is a promising candidate material because of its good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and biodegradation of cardiovascular stents. Although studies have shown reduced neointima formation after Mg-based CVS implantation in vivo, these findings were inconsistent with in vitro studies, demonstrating magnesium-mediated promotion of the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Given the vital role of activated macrophage-driven inflammation in neointima formation, along with the well-demonstrated crosstalk between macrophages and VSMCs, we investigated the interactions of a biodegradable Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy (denoted JDBM), which is especially important for cardiovascular stents, with VSMCs via macrophages. Methods JDBM extracts and MgCl2 solutions were prepared to study their effect on macrophages. To study the effects of the JDBM extracts and MgCl2 solutions on the function of VSMCs via immunoregulation of macrophages, conditioned media (CM) obtained from macrophages was used to establish a VSMC-macrophage indirect coculture system. Results Our results showed that both JDBM extracts and MgCl2 solutions significantly attenuated the inflammatory response stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages and converted macrophages into M2-type cells. In addition, JDBM extracts and MgCl2 solutions significantly decreased the expression of genes related to VSMC phenotypic switching, migration, and proliferation in macrophages. Furthermore, the proliferation, migration, and proinflammatory phenotypic switching of VSMCs were significantly inhibited when the cells were incubated with CMs from macrophages treated with LPS + extracts or LPS + MgCl2 solutions. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggested that the magnesium in the JDBM extract could affect the functions of VSMCs through macrophage-mediated immunoregulation, inhibiting smooth muscle hyperproliferation to suppress restenosis after implantation of a biodegradable Mg-based stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Allergy/Immunology Innovation Team, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Yun Tan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia-Fang Chen
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Guang-Yin Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Xin Chen
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Allergy/Immunology Innovation Team, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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38
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Mozos I, Jianu D, Stoian D, Mozos C, Gug C, Pricop M, Marginean O, Luca CT. The Relationship Between Dietary Choices and Health and Premature Vascular Ageing. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 30:1647-1657. [PMID: 34393048 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The paper aims to review the available data about the main mechanisms enabling improvement or accelerating vascular ageing due to food choices, considering recent experimental and clinical data, and emphasising potential implications for clinical practice and therapy. The main food choices which will be discussed are diets rich in fruits and vegetables, the Mediterranean diet, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cocoa, caffeine, tea, meat, dairy products, sodium, and potassium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Daniela Jianu
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania; Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Dana Stoian
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Costin Mozos
- Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Gug
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Marius Pricop
- Discipline of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Otilia Marginean
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Center for Research on Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Constantin Tudor Luca
- Department of Cardiology, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
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Pawelzik SC, Bäck M. Von Willebrand Factor's Vascular Crossroad. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:353-354. [PMID: 34375395 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sven-Christian Pawelzik
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Miller EK, Pahlavani M, Ramalingam L, Scoggin S, Moustaid-Moussa N. Uncoupling protein 1-independent effects of eicosapentaenoic acid in brown adipose tissue of diet-induced obese female mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108819. [PMID: 34271101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in energy expenditure through its thermogenic function, making its activation a popular target to reduce obesity. We recently reported that male mice housed at thermoneutrality with uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) deficiency had increased weight gain and glucose intolerance, but eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ameliorated these effects. Whether female mice respond similarly to lack of UCP1 and to EPA remains unknown. We hypothesize that the effects of EPA on BAT activation are independent of UCP1 expression. We used female wild type (WT) and UCP1 knockout (KO) mice housed at thermoneutrality (30°C) as an obesogenic environment and fed them high fat (HF) diets with or without EPA for up to 14 weeks. Body weight (BW), body composition, and insulin and glucose tolerance tests were performed during the feeding trial. At termination, serum and BAT were harvested for further analyses. Mice in the KO-EPA group had significantly lower BW than KO-HF mice. In addition, KO-HF mice displayed significantly impaired glucose tolerance compared to their WT-HF littermates. However, EPA significantly enhanced glucose clearance in the KO mice compared to KO-HF mice. Protein levels of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunits I, II, and IV were significantly lower in KO mice compared to WT. Our findings support that ablation of UCP1 is detrimental to energy metabolism of female mice in thermoneutral conditions. However, unexpectedly, EPA's protective effects against diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in these mice were independent of UCP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Mandana Pahlavani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas; Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York ,13210
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
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Mercier N, Bäck M. The double-action of hydrogen peroxide on the oxidative atherosclerosis battlefield. Atherosclerosis 2021; 331:28-30. [PMID: 34391571 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mercier
- CHRU de Nancy and Inserm, UMR_S 1116, DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
| | - Magnus Bäck
- CHRU de Nancy and Inserm, UMR_S 1116, DCAC, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France; Department of Cardiology Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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42
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Jiang S, Shen X, Xuan S, Yang B, Ruan Q, Cui H, Zhao Z, Jin J. Serum and colon metabolomics study reveals the anti-ulcerative colitis effect of Croton crassifolius Geisel. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:153570. [PMID: 34062350 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Croton crassifolius Geisel (CCG, also known as Ji-Gu-Xiang in Traditional Chinese Medicine), is traditionally prescribed for the therapy of rheumatic arthritis and gastrointestinal ulcer. However, the effect of CCG on ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been investigated. PURPOSE To explore the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of CCG extract against UC by colonic and serum metabolomics. METHODS In order to standardize the CCG extract, UPLC-QTOF-MS was used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the representative terpenoids. C57BL/6J mice were divided into control, Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS), mesalazine (100 mg•kg-1), CCG extract (150 and 600 mg•kg-1) groups. The mice were provided 3% DSS dissolved in distilled water ad libitum for 7 days except control group. Weight change, disease activity index (DAI), colon lengths and expression of inflammatory mediators iNOS and COX-2 in colonic tissue were determined. Serum and colon metabolomics using UPLC-QTOF-MS technology coupled with multivariate data analysis were performed to reveal the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Thirty-five terpenoids in CCG were identified by fingerprint, in which ten representative terpenes were quantified. CCG could relieve the weight loss, the degree of bloody stool and ulcer of colon, as well as significantly lowering the expression level of iNOS and COX-2. Metabolomics analysis showed that 25 biomarkers were obviously interfered by CCG treatment and 16 of them were highly correlated with the efficacy of CCG. The analysis of metabolic pathway showed that the anti-UC effect of CCG was associated with the regulation on linoleic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and glycerophospholipids metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The oral administration of CCG significantly alleviated DSS-induced UC symptoms by reducing inflammation and rectifying the metabolic disorder. CCG may provide a new strategy for the management of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou China
| | - Xiuting Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou China
| | - Shenxin Xuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou China
| | - Bao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou China
| | - Qingfeng Ruan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou China
| | - Hui Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou China
| | - Zhongxiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou China.
| | - Jing Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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LncRNA AFAP1-AS1 promotes M1 polarization of macrophages and osteogenic differentiation of valve interstitial cells. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:461-468. [PMID: 34043161 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of long non-coding RNA AFAP1-AS1 in degenerative calcified aortic valve disease (DCAVD). This study aims to explore whether AFAP1-AS1 regulates macrophage polarization in aortic valve calcification. Macrophage polarization and AFAP1-AS1 expression were detected in normal and calcified aortic valves of DCAVD patients. To explore the effect of AFAP1-AS1 on macrophage polarization, gain and loss of function were performed in THP-1 cells, and the percentage of M1 and M2 and the expressions of M1 and M2 markers were analyzed. Meanwhile, osteogenic differentiation was examined in valve interstitial cells (VICs). Compared with normal valves, there were more M1, less M2, and high AFAP1-AS1 expressions in calcified aortic valves, which may indicate a relationship between AFAP1-AS1 and macrophage polarization. AFAP1-AS1 overexpression promoted M1 polarization in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-treated THP-1 cells but inhibited M2 polarization, as well as augmented VIC osteogenic differentiation. On the contrary, the silence of AFAP1-AS1 could induce macrophage to M2-type and inhibit VIC osteogenic differentiation. These results elucidate that AFAP1-AS1 can promote M1 macrophages polarization to aggravate VIC osteogenic differentiation, playing a role in aortic valve calcification.
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Ji L, Chen S, Gu G, Zhou J, Wang W, Ren J, Wu J, Yang D, Zheng Y. Exploration of Crucial Mediators for Carotid Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis Through Integration of Microbiome, Metabolome, and Transcriptome. Front Physiol 2021; 12:645212. [PMID: 34108883 PMCID: PMC8181762 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.645212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is an important cause of stroke. Although interactions between the gut microbiome and metabolome have been widely investigated with respect to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, information regarding CAS remains limited. Materials and Methods We utilized 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to investigate the alterations in the gut microbiota and plasma metabolites of 32 CAS patients and 32 healthy controls. The compositions of the gut microbiota differed significantly between the two groups, and a total of 11 differentially enriched genera were identified. In the metabolomic analysis, 11 and 12 significantly changed metabolites were screened in positive (POS) and negative (NEG) modes, respectively. α-N-Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine was an upregulated metabolite in CAS patients detected in both POS and NEG modes and had the highest | log2(fold change)| in POS mode. In addition, transcriptomic analysis was performed using the GSE43292 dataset. Results A total of 132 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Among the upregulated DEGs in CAS patients, FABP4 exhibited the highest | log2(fold change)|. Furthermore, FABP4 was positively associated with Acidaminococcus and had the highest Spearman’s correlation coefficient and the most significant p-value among the microbiota–DEG pairs. Conclusion In this study, we investigated the potential “microbiota–metabolite–gene” regulatory axis that may act on CAS, and our results may help to establish a theoretical basis for further specialized study of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siliang Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangchao Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinrui Ren
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Woodward HJ, Zhu D, Hadoke PWF, MacRae VE. Regulatory Role of Sex Hormones in Cardiovascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4620. [PMID: 33924852 PMCID: PMC8125640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD), including aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular calcification, are well documented. High levels of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular calcification, whilst estrogen, the primary female sex hormone, is considered cardioprotective. Current understanding of sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular calcification is still very limited. This review assesses the evidence that the actions of sex hormones influence the development of cardiovascular calcification. We address the current question of whether sex hormones could play a role in the sexual dimorphism seen in cardiovascular calcification, by discussing potential mechanisms of actions of sex hormones and evidence in pre-clinical research. More advanced investigations and understanding of sex hormones in calcification could provide a better translational outcome for those suffering with cardiovascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J. Woodward
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK;
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Patrick W. F. Hadoke
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Victoria E. MacRae
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK;
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Song J, Sun R, Zhang Y, Ke J, Zhao D. Serum resolvin E1 levels and its relationship with thyroid autoimmunity in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a preliminary study. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:66. [PMID: 33849519 PMCID: PMC8045210 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) produce lipid mediators with both anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution properties, including resolvins. The purpose of this study was to detect serum resolvin E1 (RVE1) levels in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients and healthy controls (HCs) and to evaluate the relationship of RVE1 with thyroid autoimmunity. METHODS A total of 57 participants were recruited, including 30 untreated HT patients and 27 age- and sex-matched HCs. The levels of RVE1 in serum were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used for the measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total T4 (TT4), TT3, free T4 (FT4), FT3, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels. Hemogram tests and routine biochemical analyses were performed on each sample. RESULTS The serum level of RVE1 of HT patients (24.09, 15.76-34.38 pg/mL) was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (28.51, 20.76-51.23 pg/mL) (P = 0.027). RVE1 levels showed a downward trend with increasing TgAb levels (P for trend = 0.001). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that RVE1 levels were negatively correlated with increasing TgAb levels in both the unadjusted (OR = 0.9446, 95 % CI = 0.9111-0.9782, P = 0.002) and adjusted models (OR = 0.9380, 95 % CI = 0.8967-0.9811, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Decreased RVE1 levels might be a sign that HT is associated with inflammatory resolution dysfunction. RVE1 may serve as a protective factor against increased TgAb levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ke
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Lu He Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Zamproni LN, Mundim MTVV, Porcionatto MA. Neurorepair and Regeneration of the Brain: A Decade of Bioscaffolds and Engineered Microtissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649891. [PMID: 33898443 PMCID: PMC8058361 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Repairing the human brain remains a challenge, despite the advances in the knowledge of inflammatory response to injuries and the discovery of adult neurogenesis. After brain injury, the hostile microenvironment and the lack of structural support for neural cell repopulation, anchoring, and synapse formation reduce successful repair chances. In the past decade, we witnessed the rise of studies regarding bioscaffolds’ use as support for neuro repair. A variety of natural and synthetic materials is available and have been used to replace damaged tissue. Bioscaffolds can assume different shapes and may or may not carry a diversity of content, such as stem cells, growth factors, exosomes, and si/miRNA that promote specific therapeutic effects and stimulate brain repair. The use of these external bioscaffolds and the creation of cell platforms provide the basis for tissue engineering. More recently, researchers were able to engineer brain organoids, neural networks, and even 3D printed neural tissue. The challenge in neural tissue engineering remains in the fabrication of scaffolds with precisely controlled topography and biochemical cues capable of directing and controlling neuronal cell fate. The purpose of this review is to highlight the existing research in the growing field of bioscaffolds’ development and neural tissue engineering. Moreover, this review also draws attention to emerging possibilities and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Zamproni
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara T V V Mundim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marimelia A Porcionatto
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Okui T, Iwashita M, Rogers MA, Halu A, Atkins SK, Kuraoka S, Abdelhamid I, Higashi H, Ramsaroop A, Aikawa M, Singh SA, Aikawa E. CROT (Carnitine O-Octanoyltransferase) Is a Novel Contributing Factor in Vascular Calcification via Promoting Fatty Acid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:755-768. [PMID: 33356393 PMCID: PMC8105275 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification is a critical pathology associated with increased cardiovascular event risk, but there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved anticalcific therapies. We hypothesized and validated that an unbiased screening approach would identify novel mediators of human vascular calcification. Approach and Results: We performed an unbiased quantitative proteomics and pathway network analysis that identified increased CROT (carnitine O-octanoyltransferase) in calcifying primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Additionally, human carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques contained increased immunoreactive CROT near calcified regions. CROT siRNA reduced fibrocalcific response in calcifying SMCs. In agreement, histidine 327 to alanine point mutation inactivated human CROT fatty acid metabolism enzymatic activity and suppressed SMC calcification. CROT siRNA suppressed type 1 collagen secretion, and restored mitochondrial proteome alterations, and suppressed mitochondrial fragmentation in calcifying SMCs. Lipidomics analysis of SMCs incubated with CROT siRNA revealed increased eicosapentaenoic acid, a vascular calcification inhibitor. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Crot deficiency in LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor-deficient mice reduced aortic and carotid artery calcification without altering bone density or liver and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. CONCLUSIONS CROT is a novel contributing factor in vascular calcification via promoting fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, as such CROT inhibition has strong potential as an antifibrocalcific therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Carnitine Acyltransferases/genetics
- Carnitine Acyltransferases/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Energy Metabolism
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Female
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteogenesis
- Proteome
- Proteomics
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Calcification/enzymology
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/prevention & control
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Okui
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Masaya Iwashita
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maximillian A. Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arda Halu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samantha K. Atkins
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shiori Kuraoka
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ilyes Abdelhamid
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ashisha Ramsaroop
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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Zhang Z, Ni L, Zhang L, Zha D, Hu C, Zhang L, Feng H, Wei X, Wu X. Empagliflozin Regulates the AdipoR1/p-AMPK/p-ACC Pathway to Alleviate Lipid Deposition in Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:227-240. [PMID: 33500643 PMCID: PMC7822229 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s289712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal lipid deposition in the progress of diabetic nephropathy (DN) plays an important role in a number of studies that have shown that SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin plays an important role in lipid metabolism, but its mechanism is still unclear. METHODS We aimed to explore the effect of empagliflozin on lipid levels in kidney cancer patients with DN and postoperative patients without DN kidney carcinoma; the patients with DN showed ectopic lipid deposition. In type 2 diabetes model mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and a high-fat diet, combined AMPK plus empagliflozin or empagliflozin inhibitor plus compound C was applied, followed by analyses of the blood, urine and kidney indexes to observe the correlation between SGLT2i and AMPK and lipid metabolism in diabetic kidney disease. We determined whether DN in patients with renal tubular atrophy involved lipid metabolism. RESULTS In clinical specimens, the adiponectin receptor AdipoR1 was reduced, and the phosphorylation acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC) was increased. In vitro and in vivo pathological immunofluorescence and Western blotting confirmed that, under the condition of high glucose, malpighian tubules displayed ectopic lipid deposition and expressed related lipid parameters accompanied by fibrosis. Empagliflozin intervention reduced lipid deposition fibrosis and renal tubular atrophy, and the addition of compound C promoted disease progression. Moreover, siAdipoR1 transfection proved that AdipoR1 affected P-AMPK and then p-ACC affected lipid metabolism in renal tubular cells. CONCLUSION According to the above experimental results, empagliflozin could reduce lipid metabolism of DN through AdipoR1/P-AMPK/P-ACC pathway and delay DN progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongqing Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaoyan Wu Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 15972935798 Email
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