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Ladriñán-Maestro A, Sánchez-Infante J, Martín-Vera D, Sánchez-Sierra A. Influence of an inspiratory muscle fatigue protocol on healthy youths on respiratory muscle strength and heart rate variability. A randomized controlled trial. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1457019. [PMID: 39247158 PMCID: PMC11377326 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1457019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Inspiratory muscle fatigue has been shown to have effects on the autonomic nervous system and physical condition. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of an inspiratory muscle fatigue protocol on respiratory muscle strength and heart rate variability in healthy youths. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial, employing double-blinding, was conducted with twenty-seven participants aged 18-45 years, non-smokers and engaged in sports activity at least three times a week for a minimum of 1 year. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: Inspiratory Muscle Fatigue group, Activation group, and Control group. Measurements of heart rate variability, diaphragmatic ultrasound, and maximum inspiratory pressure were taken at two stages: before the intervention and immediately after treatment. Results: In our results with respect to baseline to post-treatment, the inspiratory muscle fatigue group showed lower values in the Sniff contraction velocity variable (10.96 cm/s ± 1.99-8.34 cm/s ± 1.23; p < 0.01) and higher values in the activation group (10.59 cm/s ± 0.89-12.66 cm/s ± 1.15; p < 0.01) with respect to the control group (10.27 cm/s ± 1.48-9.97 cm/s ± 1.42). On the other hand, the inspiratory muscle fatigue group showed higher values in the Low frequency variable (49.37 n.u. ± 13.91 to 69.48 n.u. ± 8.22; p < 0.01) and lower values in the activation group (57.92 n.u. ± 8.37 to 41.59 n.u. ± 11.21; p < 0.01) with respect to the control group (50.83 n.u. ± 17.30 to 52.10 n.u. ± 20.64). Additionally, significant correlations were found between respiratory variables and heart rate variability variables. Conclusion: Acute fatigue of the inspiratory musculature appears to negatively impact heart rate variability and inspiratory muscle strength in healthy youths. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06278714; Identifier: NCT06278714.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Ladriñán-Maestro
- School for Doctoral Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Exercise Therapy and Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing of Toledo, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Sánchez-Infante
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing of Toledo, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
- Physiotherapy Research Group of Toledo (GIFTO), Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Martín-Vera
- Research Group on Exercise Therapy and Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Sierra
- Research Group on Exercise Therapy and Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing of Toledo, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Physiotherapy Research Group of Toledo (GIFTO), Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
- Clínica Sierra Varona SL, Toledo, Spain
- Department of Physical Therapy, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
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Kao SC, Brush CJ, Wang CH. A multimodal approach integrating cognitive and motor demands into physical activity for optimal mental health: Methodological issues and future directions. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 286:235-258. [PMID: 38876577 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity is known for its positive effects on cognition and affect, with existing literature suggesting that these mental health benefits may be optimally experienced by incorporating cognitive and motor demands during physical activity (PA). However, the existing body of literature lacks a comprehensive guideline for designing the qualitative characteristics of a PA program. Accordingly, this narrative review aimed to (1) provide a working two-dimension model that operationally defines the cognitive and motor demands involved in PA and the rationale for systematically studying these qualitative aspects of PA, (2) identify methods to assess the cognitive and motor demands of PA and address associated methodological issues, and (3) offer potential future directions for research on the cognitive and motor aspects of PA in support of the development of PA programs designed to maximize PA-induced cognitive and affective benefits. We anticipate this article to inform the need for future research and development on this topic, aiming to create clear, evidence-based guidelines for designing innovative and effective PA interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christopher J Brush
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Chun-Hao Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Health, & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Volpes G, Valenti S, Genova G, Barà C, Parisi A, Faes L, Busacca A, Pernice R. Wearable Ring-Shaped Biomedical Device for Physiological Monitoring through Finger-Based Acquisition of Electrocardiographic, Photoplethysmographic, and Galvanic Skin Response Signals: Design and Preliminary Measurements. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:205. [PMID: 38667198 PMCID: PMC11048376 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Wearable health devices (WHDs) are rapidly gaining ground in the biomedical field due to their ability to monitor the individual physiological state in everyday life scenarios, while providing a comfortable wear experience. This study introduces a novel wearable biomedical device capable of synchronously acquiring electrocardiographic (ECG), photoplethysmographic (PPG), galvanic skin response (GSR) and motion signals. The device has been specifically designed to be worn on a finger, enabling the acquisition of all biosignals directly on the fingertips, offering the significant advantage of being very comfortable and easy to be employed by the users. The simultaneous acquisition of different biosignals allows the extraction of important physiological indices, such as heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV), pulse arrival time (PAT), GSR level, blood oxygenation level (SpO2), and respiratory rate, as well as motion detection, enabling the assessment of physiological states, together with the detection of potential physical and mental stress conditions. Preliminary measurements have been conducted on healthy subjects using a measurement protocol consisting of resting states (i.e., SUPINE and SIT) alternated with physiological stress conditions (i.e., STAND and WALK). Statistical analyses have been carried out among the distributions of the physiological indices extracted in time, frequency, and information domains, evaluated under different physiological conditions. The results of our analyses demonstrate the capability of the device to detect changes between rest and stress conditions, thereby encouraging its use for assessing individuals' physiological state. Furthermore, the possibility of performing synchronous acquisitions of PPG and ECG signals has allowed us to compare HRV and pulse rate variability (PRV) indices, so as to corroborate the reliability of PRV analysis under stationary physical conditions. Finally, the study confirms the already known limitations of wearable devices during physical activities, suggesting the use of algorithms for motion artifact correction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Riccardo Pernice
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 9, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.V.); (S.V.); (G.G.); (C.B.); (A.P.); (L.F.); (A.B.)
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Silişteanu SC, Antonescu E, Duică L, Totan M, Cucu AI, Costea AI. Lumbar Paravertebral Muscle Pain Management Using Kinesitherapy and Electrotherapeutic Modalities. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:853. [PMID: 38667615 PMCID: PMC11050304 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain is considered a public health problem internationally. Low back pain is a cause of disability that occurs in adolescents and causes negative effects in adults as well. The work environment and physical and psychosocial factors can influence the occurrence and evolution of low back pain. METHODS The purpose of this paper is to highlight the physiological and functional changes in young adults with painful conditions of the lumbar spine, after using exercise therapy. The study was of the longitudinal type and was carried out over a period 6 months in an outpatient setting. The rehabilitation treatment included electrotherapeutic modalities and kinesitherapy. RESULTS The results obtained when evaluating each parameter, for all moments, show statistically significant values in both groups. The results obtained regarding the relationship between the therapeutic modalities specific to rehabilitation medicine and low back pain are consistent with those reported in studies. CONCLUSIONS Depending on the clinical-functional status of each patient, kinesitherapy can accelerate the heart rate and increase the blood pressure and oxygen saturation of the arterial blood, values that can later return to their initial levels, especially through training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sînziana Călina Silişteanu
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (S.C.S.); (A.I.C.); (A.I.C.)
| | - Elisabeta Antonescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Lavinia Duică
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Maria Totan
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Andrei Ionuţ Cucu
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (S.C.S.); (A.I.C.); (A.I.C.)
| | - Andrei Ioan Costea
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (S.C.S.); (A.I.C.); (A.I.C.)
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Costet N, Doyen M, Rouget F, Michineau L, Monfort C, Cirtiu CM, Kadhel P, Multigner L, Pladys P, Cordier S. Early exposure to mercury and cardiovascular function of seven-year old children in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:117955. [PMID: 38159660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiotoxicity of prenatal exposure to mercury has been suggested in populations having regular contaminated seafood intake, though replications in the literature are inconsistent. METHODS The Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study was set up in Guadeloupe, an island in the Caribbean Sea where seafood consumption is regular. At seven years of age, 592 children underwent a medical examination, including cardiac function assessment. Blood pressure (BP) was taken using an automated blood pressure monitor, heart rate variability (HRV, 9 parameters) and electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics (QT, T-wave parameters) were measured using Holter cardiac monitoring during the examination. Total mercury concentrations were measured in cord blood at birth (median = 6.6 μg/L, N = 399) and in the children's blood at age 7 (median = 1.7 μg/L, N = 310). Adjusted linear and non-linear modelling was used to study the association of each cardiac parameter with prenatal and childhood exposures. Sensitivity analyses included co-exposures to lead and cadmium, adjustment for maternal seafood consumption, selenium and polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFAs), and for sporting activity. RESULTS Higher prenatal mercury was associated with higher systolic BP at 7 years of age (βlog2 = 1.02; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.10, 1.19). In boys, intermediate prenatal exposure was associated with reduced overall HRV and parasympathetic activity, and longer QT was observed with increasing prenatal mercury (βlog2 = 4.02; CI = 0.48, 7.56). In girls, HRV tended to increase linearly with prenatal exposure, and no association was observed with QT-wave related parameters. Mercury exposure at 7 years was associated with decreased BP in girls (βlog2 = -1.13; CI = -2.22, -0.004 for diastolic BP). In boys, the low/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio increased for intermediate levels of exposure. CONCLUSION Our study suggests sex-specific and non-monotonic modifications in some cardiac health parameters following prenatal exposure to mercury in pre-pubertal children from an insular fish-consuming population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Costet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Matthieu Doyen
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, Rennes, France; IADI, U1254, Inserm and Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
| | - Florence Rouget
- Univ Rennes, CHU de Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Leah Michineau
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) -UMR_S 1085, Pointe à Pitre, France.
| | - Christine Monfort
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Ciprian-Mihai Cirtiu
- Centre de Toxicologie Du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique Du Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Philippe Kadhel
- CHU de Guadeloupe, Univ Antilles, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Pointe à Pitre, France.
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | - Patrick Pladys
- Univ Rennes, CHU de Rennes, Inserm, LTSI - UMR 1099, Rennes, France.
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) -UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
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Mukai K, Isomura T, Onagawa R, Watanabe K. Electrocardiographic activity depends on the relative position between intimate persons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4281. [PMID: 38383710 PMCID: PMC10882048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal space (IPS) refers to the area surrounding the body in which we engage in social interactions while maintaining our comfort. Numerous previous studies have reported the psychological and physiological changes associated with the proximity of two people engaged in face-to-face interaction. Currently, there is limited knowledge about how the relative position between two socially intimate individuals affects their psychological and physiological states. This research measured the subjective discomfort and electrocardiographic responses of participants when standing static at various relative positions. The highest discomfort, lowest heart rate, and highest heart rate variability (HRV; parasympathetic activity index) were observed when the friend stood in the face-to-face position. Interestingly, heart rate also decreased when the friend stood on the right side, although HRV did not change. We interpreted the results as suggesting that the presence of a familiar person elicits the electrocardiographic responses associated with an increase in parasympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Mukai
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Building 59, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Isomura
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryoji Onagawa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Building 59, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Watanabe
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Building 59, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Schwerdtfeger AR, Rominger C. Acute fasting modulates autonomic nervous system function and ambulatory cardiac interoception. Biol Psychol 2024; 186:108760. [PMID: 38331345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting has been associated with diverse physical and psychological health benefits. According to previous research, fasting-induced alterations in psychophysiological functioning should facilitate the accurate detection of an internal bodily signal (like the heart), which is referred to as interoceptive accuracy. In two within-subjects studies we aimed to examine whether an intermittent fasting protocol (i) evokes distinct autonomic nervous system changes in the laboratory and (ii) improves (objectifiable) interoceptive accuracy and sensibility (i.e., the subjective belief in perceiving bodily signals) in everyday life. Study 1 (N = 36) found increasing heart rate variability (precisely, the root mean square of successive differences; RMSSD) accompanied by a more vascular than myocardial response following a 16 h fast. Study 2 (N = 40) applied an ecological momentary assessment design including intermittent fasting (8 h normal eating followed by 16 h fasting) and normal eating (24 h normal eating) for three consecutive days each. Findings suggested a tendency toward higher interoceptive accuracy and sensibility during the fasting regimen, which was particularly pronounced in individuals exhibiting lower RMSSD. Together, findings suggest that (short-term) fasting seems to facilitate momentary attention to organismic cues due to alterations in autonomic nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Rominger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/III, Graz, Austria
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Sasaki A, Mizuno K, Morito Y, Oba C, Nakamura K, Natsume M, Watanabe K, Yamano E, Watanabe Y. The effects of dark chocolate on cognitive performance during cognitively demanding tasks: A randomized, single-blinded, crossover, dose-comparison study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24430. [PMID: 38268830 PMCID: PMC10803911 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Dark chocolate, rich in polyphenols, increases cerebral blood flow and improves cognitive function. This study aimed to determine whether the consumption of chocolate with a high concentration of polyphenols helps to maintain cognitive performance during cognitively demanding tasks. In this randomized, single-blinded, crossover, dose-comparison study, 18 middle-aged adults consumed two types of chocolate (25 g each), one with a high concentration (635.0 mg) and the other with a low concentration (211.7 mg) of cacao polyphenols, and performed a cognitive task requiring response inhibition and selective attention over two time periods (15-30 min and 40-55 min after consumption, respectively). Autonomic nerve function and subjective feelings, such as fatigue and concentration, were measured before food intake and after the second task to assess the participant's state. The results showed that the average reaction time between the first and second sessions was not significantly different for either high- or low-concentration chocolate consumption. However, the percentage of correct responses was similar in the first (96.7 %) and second (96.8 %) sessions for high-concentration chocolate consumption and significantly lower for low-concentration chocolate consumption in the second (96.4 %) session than in the first session (97.3 %). Autonomic nerve function showed a significant increase in sympathetic nerve activity after the second task with high-concentration chocolate consumption, while subjective feelings showed an increase in mental fatigue for both chocolate types but a significant decrease in concentration only after the second task with low-concentration chocolate consumption. These findings suggest that dark chocolate consumption contributes to the maintenance of performance and concentration in continuous and demanding cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Sasaki
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, Kobe, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Mizuno
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, Kobe, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Morito
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chisato Oba
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakamura
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Natsume
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Watanabe
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, Kobe, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi Yamano
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, Kobe, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, Kobe, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Peláez-Coca MD, Hernando A, Lozano MT, Bolea J, Izquierdo D, Sánchez C. Heart Rate Variability to Automatically Identify Hyperbaric States Considering Respiratory Component. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:447. [PMID: 38257541 PMCID: PMC11154234 DOI: 10.3390/s24020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study's primary objective was to identify individuals whose physiological responses deviated from the rest of the study population by automatically monitoring atmospheric pressure levels to which they are exposed and using parameters derived from their heart rate variability (HRV). To achieve this, 28 volunteers were placed in a dry hyperbaric chamber, where they experienced varying pressures from 1 to 5 atmospheres, with five sequential stops lasting five minutes each at different atmospheric pressures. The HRV was dissected into two components: the respiratory component, which is linked to respiration; and the residual component, which is influenced by factors beyond respiration. Nine parameters were assessed, including the respiratory rate, four classic HRV temporal parameters, and four frequency parameters. A k-nearest neighbors classifier based on cosine distance successfully identified the atmospheric pressures to which the subjects were exposed to. The classifier achieved an 88.5% accuracy rate in distinguishing between the 5 atm and 3 atm stages using only four features: respiratory rate, heart rate, and two frequency parameters associated with the subjects' sympathetic responses. Furthermore, the study identified 6 out of 28 subjects as having atypical responses across all pressure levels when compared to the majority. Interestingly, two of these subjects stood out in terms of gender and having less prior diving experience, but they still exhibited normal responses to immersion. This suggests the potential for establishing distinct safety protocols for divers based on their previous experience and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Peláez-Coca
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.T.L.); (J.B.)
- BSICoS Group, I3A Institute, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Alberto Hernando
- BSICoS Group, I3A Institute, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - María Teresa Lozano
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.T.L.); (J.B.)
- BSICoS Group, I3A Institute, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Juan Bolea
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.T.L.); (J.B.)
| | - David Izquierdo
- GTF Group, I3A Institute, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Carlos Sánchez
- BSICoS Group, I3A Institute, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.H.); (C.S.)
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Takeshita Y, Nomura C, Murai H, Mukai Y, Hirai T, Hamaoka T, Tokuno S, Tanaka T, Goto H, Nakano Y, Usui S, Nakajima K, Takamura M, Takamura T. Study Protocol for the Pleiotropic Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor on Organ-Specific Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Insulin Sensitivity in Participants with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:269-280. [PMID: 37883004 PMCID: PMC10786788 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia are associated with exaggerated systemic sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors lower insulin levels, whereas sulfonylureas increase insulin levels. We will test whether these two classes of antidiabetic agents have different effects on SNA. METHODS The present study is an ongoing, 24-week, one-center (only Kanazawa University Hospital), open-label, randomized, parallel trial (jRCTs 041200035). Participants with type 2 diabetes with multiple atherosclerosis risk factors are randomly assigned in a 1:1 manner to receive 2.5 mg luseogliflozin or 0.5 mg glimepiride once daily. The sample size was calculated to be 14 in each group, with a significance level of 0.05 and a power of 0.80. The design required 40 evaluable study participants. Our primary endpoint will be the change in muscle SNA (MSNA). The secondary endpoints included organ-specific insulin sensitivity measured by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study using an artificial pancreas combined with a stable isotope-labeled glucose infusion, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and organ-specific (cardiac, renal, and hepatic) 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) innervation imaging. PLANNED OUTCOMES Study recruitment started in April 2020 and will end in June 2024, with 40 participants randomized into the two groups. The treatment follow-up of the participants is currently ongoing and is due to finish by March 2025. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol has been approved by the Certified Review Board, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan, in accordance with the guidelines stipulated in the Declaration of Helsinki (CRB4180005, 2019-001). This trial is registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials, jRCTs 041200035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumie Takeshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nomura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Murai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mukai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Hirai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takuto Hamaoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shota Tokuno
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takeo Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hisanori Goto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yujiro Nakano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Soichiro Usui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakajima
- Department of Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
- Department of Comprehensive Metabology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
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Štursová P, Budinská X, Nováková Z, Dobšák P, Babula P. Sports activities and cardiovascular system change. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S429-S444. [PMID: 38165749 PMCID: PMC10861254 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sports activity is generally considered to be beneficial to health. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle. Sports activities significantly affect the cardiovascular system. A number of studies show that they significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as decrease cardiovascular mortality. This review discusses changes in various cardiovascular parameters in athletes - vagotonia/bradycardia, hypertrophy of heart, ECG changes, blood pressure, and variability of cardiovascular parameters. Because of its relationship to the cardiovascular system, VO2max, which is widely used as an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness, is also discussed. The review concludes with a discussion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, particularly in relation to changes in the cardiovascular system in athletes. The review appropriately summarizes the above issues and points out some new implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Štursová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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12
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Sasaki A, Kawai E, Watanabe K, Yamano E, Oba C, Nakamura K, Natsume M, Mizuno K, Watanabe Y. Cacao Polyphenol-Rich Dark Chocolate Intake Contributes to Efficient Brain Activity during Cognitive Tasks: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Crossover, and Dose-Comparison fMRI Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:41. [PMID: 38201871 PMCID: PMC10780455 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cacao polyphenol-enriched dark chocolate may have beneficial effects on human health, such as facilitating maintaining good performance in long-lasting cognitive tasks. This study examined the effects of dark chocolate intake on improving brain function during cognitive tasks using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this randomized, single-blinded, crossover, and dose-comparison study, 26 healthy middle-aged participants ingested dark chocolate (25 g) either with a low concentration (LC) (211.7 mg) or a high concentration (HC) (635 mg) of cacao polyphenols. Thereafter, their brain activities were analyzed during continuous and effortful cognitive tasks relevant to executive functioning using fMRI in two consecutive 15 min sessions (25 and 50 min after ingestion). We observed significant interaction effects between chocolate consumption and brain activity measurement sessions in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior parietal lobule. After HC chocolate ingestion, these areas showed lower brain activity in the second session than in the first session; however, these areas showed higher activity in the second session after LC chocolate ingestion. These results suggest that cacao polyphenol-enriched dark chocolate enhances the efficient use of cognitive resources by reducing the effort of brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Sasaki
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (E.K.); (K.W.); (E.Y.); (K.M.); (Y.W.)
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-1 Ofukacho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0011, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Kawai
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (E.K.); (K.W.); (E.Y.); (K.M.); (Y.W.)
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-1 Ofukacho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0011, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Watanabe
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (E.K.); (K.W.); (E.Y.); (K.M.); (Y.W.)
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-1 Ofukacho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0011, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi Yamano
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (E.K.); (K.W.); (E.Y.); (K.M.); (Y.W.)
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-1 Ofukacho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0011, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chisato Oba
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji 192-0919, Tokyo, Japan; (K.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Kentaro Nakamura
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji 192-0919, Tokyo, Japan; (K.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Midori Natsume
- Food Microbiology Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachioji 192-0919, Tokyo, Japan; (K.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Kei Mizuno
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (E.K.); (K.W.); (E.Y.); (K.M.); (Y.W.)
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-1 Ofukacho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0011, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (E.K.); (K.W.); (E.Y.); (K.M.); (Y.W.)
- RIKEN Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, 6-7-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan
- Center for Health Science Innovation, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-1 Ofukacho, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0011, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Samela T, Malorni W, Matarrese P, Mattia G, Alfani S, Abeni D. Gender differences in vitiligo: psychological symptoms and quality of life assessment description. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1234734. [PMID: 38187434 PMCID: PMC10769495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1234734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Assuming that the difference exist in the manifestation of psychological suffering among genders, the purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on gender differences in vitiligo quality of life and psychological assessment. Methods We searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for original articles in English language. Results were screened according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA checklist). Results The study yielded 107 results; 12 articles have been evaluated as eligible. Each eligible study has been screened and analyzed. The study's qualitative evaluation revealed that 8 papers were classifiable as satisfactory, 4 were classifiable as unsatisfactory. The agreement between the coders was high (% agreement = 84.6%; Cohen's kappa = 0.79). All considered researches (100%) were cross-sectional studies, based on self-report questionnaires. From our analysis, women with vitiligo had a higher risk to experience lower quality of life, and worse mental health in a wide range of psychopathology symptoms than men. A wide heterogeneity of tools is used to investigate the quality of life and psychological symptoms among these patients. Conclusion Unfortunately, there are few explanatory models proposed in the literature to rationalize these findings. It will be important to investigate in further researches the specific influence of known risk factors for psychopathology in this population to better explore these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Samela
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico Dell’Immacolata, (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico Dell’Immacolata, (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Global Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Mattia
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Alfani
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico Dell’Immacolata, (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Abeni
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico Dell’Immacolata, (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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14
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Watso JC, Cuba JN, Boutwell SL, Moss JE, Bowerfind AK, Fernandez IM, Cassette JM, May AM, Kirk KF. Acute nasal breathing lowers diastolic blood pressure and increases parasympathetic contributions to heart rate variability in young adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R797-R808. [PMID: 37867476 PMCID: PMC11178300 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00148.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in how breathing pace, pattern, and training (e.g., device-guided or -resisted breathing) affect cardiovascular health. It is unknown whether the route of breathing (nasal vs. oral) affects prognostic cardiovascular variables. Because nasal breathing can improve other physiological variables (e.g., airway dilation), we hypothesized that nasal compared with oral breathing would acutely lower blood pressure (BP) and improve heart rate variability (HRV) metrics. We tested 20 adults in this study [13 females/7 males; age: 18(1) years, median (IQR); body mass index: 23 ± 2 kg·m-2, means ± SD]. We compared variables between nasal- and oral-only breathing (random order, five min each) using paired, two-tailed t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank paired tests with significance set to P < 0.05. We report the median (interquartile range) for diastolic BP and means ± SD for all other variables. We found that nasal breathing was associated with a lower mean BP (nasal: 84 ± 7 vs. oral: 86 ± 5 mmHg, P = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.70) and diastolic BP [nasal: 68(8) vs. oral: 72(5) mmHg, P < 0.001, Rank-biserial correlation = 0.89] but not systolic BP (nasal: 116 ± 11 vs. oral: 117 ± 9 mmHg, P = 0.48, Cohen's d = 0.16) or heart rate (HR; nasal: 74 ± 10 vs. oral: 75 ± 8 beats·min-1, P = 0.90, Cohen's d = 0.03). We also found that nasal breathing was associated with a higher high-frequency (HF) contribution to HRV (nasal: 59 ± 19 vs. oral: 52 ± 21%, P = 0.04, Cohen's d = 0.50) and a lower low frequency-to-HF ratio at rest (nasal: 0.9 ± 0.8 vs. oral: 1.2 ± 0.9, P = 0.04, Cohen's d = 0.49). These data suggest that nasal compared with oral breathing acutely 1) lowers mean and diastolic BP, 2) does not affect systolic BP or heart rate, and 3) increases parasympathetic contributions to HRV.NEW & NOTEWORTHY There is growing interest in how breathing pace, pattern, and training (e.g., device-guided or -resisted breathing) affect prognostic cardiovascular variables. However, the potential effects of the breathing route on prognostic cardiovascular variables are unclear. These data suggest that nasal compared with oral breathing 1) lowers mean and diastolic blood pressure (BP), 2) does not affect systolic BP or heart rate (HR), and 3) increases parasympathetic contributions to heart rate variability (HRV). These data suggest that acute nasal breathing improves several prognostic cardiovascular variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Watso
- Cardiovascular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Nutrition, & Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Jens N Cuba
- Cardiovascular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Nutrition, & Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Savannah L Boutwell
- Cardiovascular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Nutrition, & Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Justine E Moss
- Cardiovascular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Nutrition, & Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Allison K Bowerfind
- Cardiovascular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Nutrition, & Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Isabela M Fernandez
- Cardiovascular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Nutrition, & Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Jessica M Cassette
- Cardiovascular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Nutrition, & Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Allyson M May
- Cardiovascular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Nutrition, & Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Katherine F Kirk
- Cardiovascular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Nutrition, & Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
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15
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Dudarev V, Barral O, Zhang C, Davis G, Enns JT. On the Reliability of Wearable Technology: A Tutorial on Measuring Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in the Wild. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5863. [PMID: 37447713 DOI: 10.3390/s23135863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors are quickly making their way into psychophysiological research, as they allow collecting data outside of a laboratory and for an extended period of time. The present tutorial considers fidelity of physiological measurement with wearable sensors, focusing on reliability. We elaborate on why ensuring reliability for wearables is important and offer statistical tools for assessing wearable reliability for between participants and within-participant designs. The framework offered here is illustrated using several brands of commercially available heart rate sensors. Measurement reliability varied across sensors and, more importantly, across the situations tested, and was highest during sleep. Our hope is that by systematically quantifying measurement reliability, researchers will be able to make informed choices about specific wearable devices and measurement procedures that meet their research goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Dudarev
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- HealthQb Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC V6K 1B5, Canada
| | - Oswald Barral
- HealthQb Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC V6K 1B5, Canada
| | - Chuxuan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Guy Davis
- HealthQb Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC V6K 1B5, Canada
| | - James T Enns
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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16
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Linder BA, Babcock MC, Pollin KU, Watso JC, Robinson AT. Short-term high-salt consumption does not influence resting or exercising heart rate variability but increases MCP-1 concentration in healthy young adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R666-R676. [PMID: 36939211 PMCID: PMC10110701 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00240.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
High salt consumption increases blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease risk by altering autonomic function and increasing inflammation. However, it is unclear whether salt manipulation alters resting and exercising heart rate variability (HRV), a noninvasive measure of autonomic function, in healthy young adults. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether short-term high-salt intake 1) alters HRV at rest, during exercise, or exercise recovery and 2) increases the circulating concentration of the inflammatory biomarker monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). With the use of a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 20 participants (8 females; 24 ± 4 yr old, 110 ± 10/64 ± 8 mmHg) consumed salt (3,900 mg sodium) or placebo capsules for 10 days each separated by ≥2 wk. We assessed HRV during 10 min of baseline rest, 50 min of cycling (60% V̇o2peak), and recovery. We quantified HRV using the standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals, the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and additional time and frequency domain metrics of HRV. Plasma samples were collected to assess MCP-1 concentration. No main effect of high salt or condition × time interaction was observed for HRV metrics. However, acute exercise reduced HRV (e.g., RMSSD time: P < 0.001, condition: P = 0.877, interaction: P = 0.422). High salt elevated plasma MCP-1 (72.4 ± 12.5 vs. 78.14 ± 14.7 pg/mL; P = 0.010). Irrespective of condition, MCP-1 was moderately associated (P values < 0.05) with systolic (r = 0.32) and mean BP (r = 0.33). Short-term high-salt consumption does not affect HRV; however, it increases circulating MCP-1, which may influence BP in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braxton A Linder
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Matthew C Babcock
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Kamila U Pollin
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Washington DC Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Joseph C Watso
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Austin T Robinson
- Neurovascular Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
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17
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Bajdek N, Merchant N, Camhi SM, Yan H. Racial Differences in Blood Pressure and Autonomic Recovery Following Acute Supramaximal Exercise in Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095615. [PMID: 37174135 PMCID: PMC10178025 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing popularity of high-intensity anaerobic exercise, little is known about the acute effects of this form of exercise on cardiovascular hemodynamics or autonomic modulation, which might provide insight into the individual assessment of responses to training load. The purpose of this study was to compare blood pressure and autonomic recovery following repeated bouts of acute supramaximal exercise in Black and White women. A convenience sample of twelve White and eight Black young, healthy women were recruited for this study and completed two consecutive bouts of supramaximal exercise on the cycle ergometer with 30 min of recovery in between. Brachial and central aortic blood pressures were assessed by tonometry (SphygmoCor Xcel) at rest and 15-min and 30-min following each exercise bout. Central aortic blood pressure was estimated using brachial pressure waveforms and customized software. Autonomic modulation was measured in a subset of ten participants by heart-rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity. Brachial mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in Blacks compared to Whites across time (race effect, p = 0.043 and p = 0.049, respectively). Very-low-frequency and low-frequency bands of heart rate variability, which are associated with sympathovagal balance and vasomotor tone, were 22.5% and 24.9% lower, respectively, in Blacks compared to Whites (race effect, p = 0.045 and p = 0.006, respectively). In conclusion, the preliminary findings of racial differences in blood pressure and autonomic recovery following supramaximal exercise warrant further investigations of tailored exercise prescriptions for Blacks and Whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bajdek
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02184, USA
| | - Noelle Merchant
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02184, USA
| | - Sarah M Camhi
- Kinesiology Department, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Huimin Yan
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02184, USA
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18
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Sonkodi B. LF Power of HRV Could Be the Piezo2 Activity Level in Baroreceptors with Some Piezo1 Residual Activity Contribution. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087038. [PMID: 37108199 PMCID: PMC10138994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability is a useful measure for monitoring the autonomic nervous system. Heart rate variability measurements have gained significant demand not only in science, but also in the public due to the fairly low price and wide accessibility of the Internet of things. The scientific debate about one of the measures of heart rate variability, i.e., what low-frequency power is reflecting, has been ongoing for decades. Some schools reason that it represents the sympathetic loading, while an even more compelling reasoning is that it measures how the baroreflex modulates the cardiac autonomic outflow. However, the current opinion manuscript proposes that the discovery of the more precise molecular characteristics of baroreceptors, i.e., that the Piezo2 ion channel containing vagal afferents could invoke the baroreflex, may possibly resolve this debate. It is long known that medium- to high-intensity exercise diminishes low-frequency power to almost undetectable values. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the stretch- and force-gated Piezo2 ion channels are inactivated in a prolonged hyperexcited state in order to prevent pathological hyperexcitation. Accordingly, the current author suggests that the almost undetectable value of low-frequency power at medium- to high-intensity exercise reflects the inactivation of Piezo2 from vagal afferents in the baroreceptors with some Piezo1 residual activity contribution. Consequently, this opinion paper highlights how low-frequency power of the heart rate variability could represent the activity level of Piezo2 in baroreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Sonkodi
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
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19
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Komano Y, Fukao K, Shimada K, Naito H, Ishihara Y, Fujii T, Kokubo T, Daida H. Effects of Ingesting Food Containing Heat-Killed Lactococcus lactis Strain Plasma on Fatigue and Immune-Related Indices after High Training Load: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, and Parallel-Group Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071754. [PMID: 37049594 PMCID: PMC10096552 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma) is a unique lactic acid bacterium that activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). We evaluated the effect of LC-Plasma on fatigue indices and dendritic cells activity in athletes after 14 days’ continuous exercise load. Thirty-seven participants were divided into two groups and consumed placebo (PL) or LC-Plasma capsules (containing 100 billion cells) daily for 14 days. Maturation markers on dendritic cells, blood parameters, physiological indices, and fatigue-related indices were recorded on days 1 and 15 (before and after exercise). Cumulative days of symptoms relating to physical conditions were also recorded during the continuous exercise period. We observed that CD86 as a maturation marker on pDCs was significantly higher and that cumulative days of fatigue were significantly fewer in the LC-Plasma group than in the Placebo group on day 15. We also conducted 2 h ergometer exercise on day 15 to evaluate fatigue. The results showed that autonomic fatigue parameters (LF/HF) were significantly lower in the LC-Plasma group. These results suggest that LC-Plasma supplementation alleviates fatigue accumulation and increases pDC activity caused by a continuous high training load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Komano
- Kirin Holdings Company, Limited, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fukao
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ishihara
- School of Science and Technology for Future Life, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo 120-8551, Japan
| | - Toshio Fujii
- Kirin Holdings Company, Limited, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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20
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Tanaka M, Kakuma T, Asada T. Utility of paced breathing tablet guidance apparatus with real-time feedback on autonomic function for individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:434-441. [PMID: 36878855 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals also show significant parasympathetic deficits, while autonomic nervous system (ANS) flexibility can strengthen cognitive and brain function. Paced (or slow) breathing has significant effects on the ANS and is associated with relaxation and well-being. However, paced breathing requires considerable time and practice, a significant barrier to its widespread adoption. Feedback systems appear promising to make practice more time-efficient. A tablet guidance system providing real-time feedback on autonomic function was developed for MCI individuals and tested for efficacy. METHODS In this single-blind study, 14 outpatients with MCI practised with the device for 5 min twice a day for 2 weeks. The active group received feedback (FB+), whereas the placebo group (FB-) did not. Coefficient of variation of R-R intervals as the outcome indicator was measured immediately after the first intervention (T1 ), the end of the 2-week intervention (T2 ), and 2 weeks later (T3 ). RESULTS The mean outcome of the FB- group remained unchanged during the study period, whereas the outcome value of the FB+ group increased and retained the intervention effect for an additional 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate this FB system-integrated apparatus may be useful for MCI patients for effectively learning paced breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatsuyuki Kakuma
- Biostatistics Centre, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takashi Asada
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Memory Clinic Ochanomizu, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Kawada T, Yokoi A, Nishiura A, Kakuuchi M, Yokota S, Matsushita H, Li M, Uemura K, Saku K. Dynamic accentuated antagonism of heart rate control during different levels of vagal nerve stimulation intensity in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R260-R270. [PMID: 36572552 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00229.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Accentuated antagonism refers to a phenomenon in which the vagal effect on heart rate (HR) is augmented by background sympathetic tone. The dynamic aspect of accentuated antagonism remains to be elucidated during different levels of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) intensity. We performed VNS on anesthetized rats (n = 8) according to a binary white noise signal with a switching interval of 500 ms at three different stimulation rates (low-intensity: 0-10 Hz, moderate-intensity: 0-20 Hz, and high-intensity: 0-40 Hz). The transfer function from VNS to HR was estimated with and without concomitant tonic sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) at 5 Hz. The asymptotic low-frequency (LF) gain (in beats/min/Hz) of the transfer function increased with SNS regardless of the VNS rate [low-intensity: 3.93 ± 0.70 vs. 5.82 ± 0.65 (P = 0.021), moderate-intensity: 3.87 ± 0.62 vs. 5.36 ± 0.53 (P = 0.018), high-intensity: 4.77 ± 0.85 vs. 7.39 ± 1.36 (P = 0.011)]. Moreover, SNS slightly increased the ratio of high-frequency (HF) gain to the LF gain. These effects of SNS were canceled by the pretreatment of ivabradine, an inhibitor of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, in another group of rats (n = 6). Although background sympathetic tone antagonizes the vagal effect on mean HR, it enables finer HR control by increasing the dynamic gain of the vagal HR transfer function regardless of VNS intensity. When interpreting the HF component of HR variability, the augmenting effect from background sympathetic tone needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kawada
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aimi Yokoi
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akitsugu Nishiura
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Midori Kakuuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Yokota
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsushita
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Uemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita Saku
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Evaluation of autonomic nervous system functions by using tilt table test and heart rate variability in epileptic children. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1244552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The value of head-up tilt test (HUTT) for differential diagnosis of epilepsy and the autonomic nervous system functions in
epileptic children using heart rate variability (HRV) are studied.
Patients and Methods: The study group consisted of 16 children with idiopatic/criptogenic epilepsy and 12 controls. Heart rate, PR
interval, corrected QT (QTc) interval, QT and QTc dispersion were calculated using 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), HRV analysis
was performed using the Holter recordings obtained both during HUTT and throughout the day. Time domain parameters, standard
deviation of all RR intervals (SDNN), the standard deviation of mean NN intervals in five-minutes recording (SDANN), mean standard
deviation of NN intervals in five-minutes recordings (SDNNi), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), count divided
by the total number of all NN intervals (pNN50) and frequency domain parameters low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), lowfrequency/
high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) were calculated in both and compared between the two groups.
Results: Head-up tilt test was positive in 4 epileptic children (25%), none of controls were positive. The heart rate of the patients were
higher than the controls (p=0.015). LF/HF ratio in 24-hour Holter recordings, were significantly lower (1.13±0.6, 1.83±0.7 respectively,
p=0.002); the SDANN during HUTT (28.7±20.2, 18.2 ± 19.9 respectively, p=0.024) were significantly higher in the patients than the
controls.
Conclusion: Head-up tilt test positivity is frequent in epileptic children, and cannot be used in differential diagnosis. HRV calculated
both from 24 hour Holter recordings and Holter recordings under orthostatic stress were impaired in favour of parasympathetic
system in epileptic children.
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23
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Bufo MR, Guidotti M, De Faria C, Mofid Y, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Wardak C, Aguillon-Hernandez N. Autonomic tone in children and adults: Pupillary, electrodermal and cardiac activity at rest. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 180:68-78. [PMID: 35914548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering the suspected involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in several neurodevelopmental disorders, a description of its tonus in typical populations and of its maturation between childhood and adulthood is necessary. We aimed to arrive at a better understanding of the maturation of the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) tonus by comparing children and adults at rest, via recordings of multiple ANS indices. We recorded simultaneously pupil diameter, electrodermal activity (EDA) and cardiac activity (RR interval and HRV: heart rate variability) in 29 children (6-12 years old) and 30 adults (20-42 years old) during a 5-min rest period. Children exhibited lower RR intervals, higher LF peak frequencies, and lower LF/HF (low frequency/high frequency) ratios compared to adults. Children also produced more spontaneous EDA peaks, reflected in a larger EDA AUC (area under the curve), in comparison with adults. Finally, children displayed a larger median pupil diameter and a higher pupillary hippus frequency than adults. Our results converged towards higher SNS and PNS tones in children compared to adults. Childhood would thus be characterized by a high autonomic tone, possibly reflecting a physiological state compatible with developmental acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Bufo
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Marco Guidotti
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Centre universitaire de pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Centre Hospitalier du Chinonais, Saint-Benoît-la-Forêt, France
| | - Cindie De Faria
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Yassine Mofid
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Frédérique Bonnet-Brilhault
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Centre universitaire de pédopsychiatrie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Claire Wardak
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
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24
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Mongin D, Chabert C, Extremera MG, Hue O, Courvoisier DS, Carpena P, Galvan PAB. Decrease of heart rate variability during exercise: An index of cardiorespiratory fitness. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273981. [PMID: 36054204 PMCID: PMC9439241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study proposes to measure and quantify the heart rate variability (HRV) changes during effort as a function of the heart rate and to test the capacity of the produced indices to predict cardiorespiratory fitness measures. Therefore, the beat-to-beat cardiac time interval series of 18 adolescent athletes (15.2 ± 2.0 years) measured during maximal graded effort test were detrended using a dynamical first-order differential equation model. HRV was then calculated as the standard deviation of the detrended RR intervals (SDRR) within successive windows of one minute. The variation of this measure of HRV during exercise is properly fitted by an exponential decrease of the heart rate: the SDRR is divided by 2 every increase of heart rate of 20 beats/min. The HR increase necessary to divide by 2 the HRV is linearly inversely correlated with the maximum oxygen consumption (r = -0.60, p = 0.006), the maximal aerobic power (r = -0.62, p = 0.006), and, to a lesser extent, to the power at the ventilatory thresholds (r = -0.53, p = 0.02 and r = -0.47, p = 0.05 for the first and second threshold). It indicates that the decrease of the HRV when the heart rate increases is faster among athletes with better fitness. This analysis, based only on cardiac measurements, provides a promising tool for the study of cardiac measurements generated by portable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mongin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Clovis Chabert
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Gomez Extremera
- Department of Applied Physics II, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Olivier Hue
- ACTES laboratory, UPRES-EA 3596 UFR-STAPS, University of the French West Indies, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Delphine Sophie Courvoisier
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Quality of Care Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Carpena
- Department of Applied Physics II, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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25
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Reichel T, Hacker S, Palmowski J, Boßlau TK, Frech T, Tirekoglou P, Weyh C, Bothur E, Samel S, Walscheid R, Krüger K. Neurophysiological Markers for Monitoring Exercise and Recovery Cycles in Endurance Sports. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:446-457. [PMID: 36157384 PMCID: PMC9459760 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study analyzes the suitability and reliability of selected neurophysiological and vegetative nervous system markers as biomarkers for exercise and recovery in endurance sport. Sixty-two healthy men and women, endurance trained and moderately trained, performed two identical acute endurance tests (running trial 1 and running trial 2) followed by a washout period of four weeks. Exercise protocol consisted of an acute running trial lasting 60 minutes. An intensity corresponding to 95% of the heart rate at individual anaerobic threshold for 40 minutes was followed by 20 minutes at 110%. At pre-exercise, post-exercise, three hours post-exercise and 24 hours post-exercise, experimental diagnostics on Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), heart rate variability (HRV), Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), and Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) were performed. Significant changes over time were found for all parameters (p < .05). Furthermore, there was an approached statistical significance in the interaction between gender and training status in BDNF regulation (F(3) = 2.43; p = 0.06), while gender differences were found only for LF/HF-ratio (3hPoEx, F(3) = 3.40; p = 0.002). Regarding the reliability, poor ICC-values (< 0.5) were found for BDNF, Stroop sensitivity and pNN50, while all other parameters showed moderate ICC-values (0.5-0.75). Plasma-BDNF, SCWT performance, pain perception and all HRV parameters are suitable exercise-sensitive markers after an acute endurance exercise. Moreover, pain perception, SCWT reaction time and all HRV parameters show a moderate reliability, others rather poor. In summary, a selected neurophysiological and vegetative marker panel can be used to determine exercise load and recovery in endurance sports, but its repeatability is limited due to its vaguely reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reichel
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hacker
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Jana Palmowski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Tim Konstantin Boßlau
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Frech
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Paulos Tirekoglou
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Christopher Weyh
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Evita Bothur
- Medical Center for Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Koblenz-Mittelrhein, Germany
| | - Stefan Samel
- Medical Center for Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Koblenz-Mittelrhein, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Walscheid
- Medical Center for Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Koblenz-Mittelrhein, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
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26
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Ahmed S, Lee Y, Lim YH, Cho SH, Park HK, Cho SH. Noncontact assessment for fatigue based on heart rate variability using IR-UWB radar. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14211. [PMID: 35987815 PMCID: PMC9392064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fatigue can be assessed using heart rate variability (HRV). We measured HRV at rest and in a fatigued state using impulse-radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) radar in a noncontact fashion and compared the measurements with those obtained using electrocardiography (ECG) to assess the reliability and validity of the radar measurements. HRV was measured in 15 subjects using radar and ECG simultaneously before (rest for 10 min before exercise) and after a 20-min exercise session (fatigue level 1 for 0–9 min; fatigue level 2 for 10–19 min; recovery for ≥ 20 min after exercise). HRV was analysed in the frequency domain, including the low-frequency component (LF), high-frequency component (HF) and LF/HF ratio. The LF/HF ratio measured using radar highly agreed with that measured using ECG during rest (ICC = 0.807), fatigue-1 (ICC = 0.712), fatigue-2 (ICC = 0.741) and recovery (ICC = 0.764) in analyses using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The change pattern in the LH/HF ratios during the experiment was similar between radar and ECG. The subject’s body fat percentage was linearly associated with the time to recovery from physical fatigue (R2 = 0.96, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrated that fatigue and rest states can be distinguished accurately based on HRV measurements using IR-UWB radar in a noncontact fashion.
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27
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Mattingly SM, Martinez G, Young J, Cain MK, Striegel A. Snoozing: an examination of a common method of waking. Sleep 2022; 45:6661272. [PMID: 35951011 PMCID: PMC9548674 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Snoozing was defined as using multiple alarms to accomplish waking, and considered as a method of sleep inertia reduction that utilizes the stress system. Surveys measured snoozing behavior including who, when, how, and why snoozing occurs. In addition, the physiological effects of snoozing on sleep were examined via wearable sleep staging and heart rate (HR) activity, both over a long time scale, and on the days that it occurs. We aimed to establish snoozing as a construct in need of additional study. Methods A novel survey examined snoozing prevalence, how snoozing was accomplished, and explored possible contributors and motivators of snoozing behavior in 450 participants. Trait- and day-level surveys were combined with wearable data to determine if snoozers sleep differently than nonsnoozers, and how snoozers and nonsnoozers differ in other areas, such as personality. Results 57% of participants snoozed. Being female, younger, having fewer steps, having lower conscientiousness, having more disturbed sleep, and being a more evening chronotype increased the likelihood of being a snoozer. Snoozers had elevated resting HR and showed lighter sleep before waking. Snoozers did not sleep less than nonsnoozers nor did they feel more sleepiness or nap more often. Conclusions Snoozing is a common behavior associated with changes in sleep physiology before waking, both in a trait- and state-dependent manner, and is influenced by demographic and behavioral traits. Additional research is needed, especially in detailing the physiology of snoozing, its impact on health, and its interactions with observational studies of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Mattingly
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN , USA
| | - Gonzalo Martinez
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN , USA
| | - Jessica Young
- Lucy Family Institute for Data and Society, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN , USA
| | | | - Aaron Striegel
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN , USA
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28
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Ramadan MZ, Al-Tayyar SN, Alhaag MH, Soliman AT, Abdelgawad AE. Evaluation of an ergonomically designed schoolbag: Heart rate variability and body discomfort rating. Work 2022; 72:539-552. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Unsuitable schoolbags may stress the spine and promote poor body posture, particularly for school students. Global recommendations have suggested that schoolbag weight must not exceed 10% of a healthy student’s body mass, which would need continuous monitoring and enforcement. OBJECTIVES: The present study presents a comparison between an ergonomically designed schoolbag, which helps reduce the potential effects of carrying a load, and a commercial one. METHODS: A total of 30 healthy male students were recruited for this experiment. Independent variables determined were schoolbag type (ergonomically designed and commercial schoolbags) and three load levels based on body mass percentage (i.e., 10%, 15%, and 20% of body mass). Heart rate variability (HRV) and body discomfort rating were then measured. RESULTS: Our results showed that the developed schoolbag promoted enhanced subjective measures and HRV response at 15% and 20% of body mass. Participants who wore the developed schoolbags experienced significantly lesser neck, shoulder, upper and lower trunk discomfort than those who wore the traditional ones. Changing the load percentage from 10% to 15% caused an increase in heart rate among participants carrying a commercial schoolbag but a decrease in heart rate among those carrying the developed schoolbag. CONCLUSIONS: The findings presented herein suggest introducing strategies for reducing the potential impact of load carrying through the combined effect of new educational inventions and policy changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sultan N. Al-Tayyar
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Alhaag
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed T. Soliman
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaty E. Abdelgawad
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Fermin ASR, Friston K, Yamawaki S. An insula hierarchical network architecture for active interoceptive inference. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220226. [PMID: 35774133 PMCID: PMC9240682 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, the insular cortex receives a vast amount of interoceptive information, ascending through deep brain structures, from multiple visceral organs. The unique hierarchical and modular architecture of the insula suggests specialization for processing interoceptive afferents. Yet, the biological significance of the insula's neuroanatomical architecture, in relation to deep brain structures, remains obscure. In this opinion piece, we propose the Insula Hierarchical Modular Adaptive Interoception Control (IMAC) model to suggest that insula modules (granular, dysgranular and agranular), forming parallel networks with the prefrontal cortex and striatum, are specialized to form higher order interoceptive representations. These interoceptive representations are recruited in a context-dependent manner to support habitual, model-based and exploratory control of visceral organs and physiological processes. We discuss how insula interoceptive representations may give rise to conscious feelings that best explain lower order deep brain interoceptive representations, and how the insula may serve to defend the body and mind against pathological depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. R. Fermin
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Karl Friston
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Center for Brain, Mind and Kansei Sciences Research, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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30
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Ferretti G, Fagoni N, Taboni A, Vinetti G, di Prampero PE. A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1317-1365. [PMID: 35217911 PMCID: PMC9132876 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
After a short historical account, and a discussion of Hill and Meyerhof's theory of the energetics of muscular exercise, we analyse steady-state rest and exercise as the condition wherein coupling of respiration to metabolism is most perfect. The quantitative relationships show that the homeostatic equilibrium, centred around arterial pH of 7.4 and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure of 40 mmHg, is attained when the ratio of alveolar ventilation to carbon dioxide flow ([Formula: see text]) is - 21.6. Several combinations, exploited during exercise, of pertinent respiratory variables are compatible with this equilibrium, allowing adjustment of oxygen flow to oxygen demand without its alteration. During exercise transients, the balance is broken, but the coupling of respiration to metabolism is preserved when, as during moderate exercise, the respiratory system responds faster than the metabolic pathways. At higher exercise intensities, early blood lactate accumulation suggests that the coupling of respiration to metabolism is transiently broken, to be re-established when, at steady state, blood lactate stabilizes at higher levels than resting. In the severe exercise domain, coupling cannot be re-established, so that anaerobic lactic metabolism also contributes to sustain energy demand, lactate concentration goes up and arterial pH falls continuously. The [Formula: see text] decreases below - 21.6, because of ensuing hyperventilation, while lactate keeps being accumulated, so that exercise is rapidly interrupted. The most extreme rupture of the homeostatic equilibrium occurs during breath-holding, because oxygen flow from ambient air to mitochondria is interrupted. No coupling at all is possible between respiration and metabolism in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- Département d'Anesthésiologie, Pharmacologie et Soins Intensifs, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland.
| | - Nazzareno Fagoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Taboni
- Département d'Anesthésiologie, Pharmacologie et Soins Intensifs, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Vinetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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31
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Syrine G, Mariem MK, Hend K, Imed L. Relationship Between Esophageal Motility Disorders and Autonomic Nervous System in Diabetic Patients: Pilot North African Study. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221098588. [PMID: 35562861 PMCID: PMC9112418 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221098588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Little attention has been given to esophageal disorders in diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology of esophageal motility disorders (EMD) in patients with diabetes mellitus is multifactorial. The aims of the present study were: (a) to evaluate the prevalence of EMD in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and (b) to determine the relationship between EMD and autonomic neuropathy as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). All the patients completed a questionnaire about diabetes characteristics and gastrointestinal symptoms. Conventional esophageal manometry was performed in all patients. HRV was measured in three different situations (Lying Position 1, standing position, and Lying Position 2). The temporal and frequency domain parameters were considered for analysis. The prevalence of EMD in our patients was 60.5% (n = 23). Low score physical activity was significantly more frequent in patients with EMD (p = .03). There was an increase in sympathetic activity represented by the low frequency (LF) parameter (p = .027) in the presence of EMD. Whereas parasympathetic modulation of heart rate represented by the high frequency (HF) parameter (p = .027) was declined in patients with EMD compared to those without. The LF/HF ratio was significantly higher (p = .002) in patients with EMD. EMD were prevalent in diabetes mellitus and were associated to autonomic nervous system dysfunction predominantly at the parasympathetic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gallas Syrine
- Research Laboratory, "Technologies et Imagerie Médicale" (LR12ES06), Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Nervous System Exploration, Sahloul Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Knaz Hend
- Research Laboratory, "Technologies et Imagerie Médicale" (LR12ES06), Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Nervous System Exploration, Sahloul Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Latiri Imed
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, "Heart Failure" (LR12SP09), Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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Finding a rhythm: Relating ultra-short-term heart rate variability measures in healthy young adults during rest, exercise, and recovery. Auton Neurosci 2022; 239:102953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Relationship between Subjective and Biological Responses to Comfortable and Uncomfortable Sounds. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Various kinds of biological sensors are now embedded in wearable devices and data on human biological information have recently become more widespread. Among various environmental stressors, sound has emotional and biological impacts on humans, and it is worthwhile to investigate the relationship between the subjective impressions of and biological responses to such sounds. In this study, the relationship between subjective and biological responses to acoustic stimuli with two contrasting kinds of sounds, a murmuring river sound and white noise, was investigated. The subjective and biological responses were measured during the presentation of the sounds. Compared with the murmuring river sound, the white noise had a significantly decreased EEG-related index of α-EEG and HRV-related index of SD2/SD1. The correlation between each index of subjective and biological responses indicated that α-EEG was highly correlated with the results of subjective evaluation. However, based on a more detailed analysis with clustering, some subjects showed different biological responses in each trial since they felt the sound was powerful when listening to the murmuring river sound, as well as feeling that it was beautiful. It was suggested that biological responses to sound exposure may be affected by the impression of the sound, which varies by individual.
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Utility of an Isotonic Beverage on Hydration Status and Cardiovascular Alterations. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061286. [PMID: 35334943 PMCID: PMC8953172 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the beverage hydration index (BHI) and postprandial cardiac autonomic activity after consuming an isotonic beverage (IB) compared to distilled water (DW). Twenty-two participants (50% female; mean ± SD; age, 27 ± 3 year; height, 169.1 ± 12.6 cm; weight, 73.3 ± 13.8 kg; BF%, 23 ± 10%) completed two experimental trials where they consumed 1 L DW or an IB; after which urine volume and cardiac autonomic activity was measured through 240 min. Cardiac autonomic activity was quantified using heart rate (HR), log transformed heart rate variability measures (root mean square of successive R–R intervals; RMSSD; low frequency, LF; and high frequency, HF) and systolic time intervals (pre-ejection period, PEP). BHI was significantly greater after IB consumption at min 0 (MD [95% CI]; 1.31 [0.35, 2.27]), 180 min (0.09 [0.022, 0.16]), and 240 min (0.1 [0.03, 0.17]) compared to DW (p = 0.031). Net fluid balance was significantly greater in IB than DW at 180 min (90 [−16.80, 196.81]) and 240 min (106 [−13.88, 225.88]) (p = 0.037). HR decreased over time in both beverage trials but was higher following IB ingestion at 0 min (3.9 [−2.42, 10.22]), 30 min (5.3 [−0.94, 11.54]), and 60 min (2.7 [−3.42, 8.82]) (p = 0.0002). lnHF was greater 30 min post DW ingestion compared to IB (0.45 [−0.23, 1.13]) (p = 0.039). IB promotes greater fluid retention capacity compared to DW within 4 hours of consumption. The variations in cardiac autonomic measures may warrant further investigation in clinical populations (i.e., patients with autonomic failure).
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Worts PR, Mason JR, Burkhart SO, Sanchez-Gonzalez MA, Kim JS. The acute, systemic effects of aerobic exercise in recently concussed adolescent student-athletes: preliminary findings. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1441-1457. [PMID: 35303160 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine the acute effects (pre-, during, post-intervention) of two different intensities of aerobic exercise or rest on autonomic, oculomotor, and vestibular function and symptom burden in patients with a recent sport-related concussion (SRC) and compare their responses to sex-matched, age-stratified, non-concussed (HEALTHY) student-athletes. METHODS Student-athletes between the ages of 13 and 18 that presented to the sports medicine clinic within Day 3-7 post-SRC and from local schools were recruited for a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The participants were administered the Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS), King-Devick (K-D), and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) before and after the intervention. Heart rate variability (HRV) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were collected before, during, and after the intervention. The intervention was either a single, 20-min session of treadmill walking at 40% (40HR) or 60% of age-predicted max heart rate (60HR), or seated, rest (NOEX). RESULTS 30 participants completed the intervention with the SRC group treated 4.5 ± 1.3 days post-injury. Pre-exercise HRV and MAP were significantly different (p's < 0.001) during treatment but returned to pre-exercise values within 5 min of recovery in both the SRC and HEALTHY groups. Both the SRC and HEALTHY groups exhibited similar reductions pre- to post-intervention for symptom severity and count (p's < 0.05), three VOMS items (p's < 0.05) but not K-D time. CONCLUSIONS To date, this is the first adolescent RCT to report the acute, systemic effects of aerobic exercise on recently concussed adolescent athletes. The interventions appeared safe in SRC participants, were well-tolerated, and provided brief therapeutic benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT03575455.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Worts
- Tallahassee Orthopedic Clinic, Tallahassee, FL, USA. .,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA. .,Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - J R Mason
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S O Burkhart
- Children's Health Andrews Institute, Plano, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - J-S Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Time- and Frequency-Domain Analysis of Stroke Volume Variability Using Indoor Cycling to Evaluate Physical Load of Body. INFORMATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/info13030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential myocardial injury can be induced by intensive sporting activities, which may be due to ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation when individuals continue to exercise during the maximum physical loading period (the aerobic capability plateau, ACP). Herein, we conducted an incremental exercise test with the RR-interval and SV-series measurements as the input and output of the circulatory system. Through time and frequency analyses, we aimed to identify the indicators for distinguishing the normal stage (S1), last stage before ACP (S2), and ACP stage (S3) during different incremental physical loads. The cross-correlation results of the RR interval and SV series showed that the maximum coefficient of S2 was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that of S1 (median 0.91 to 0.87), and also significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of S3 (median 0.87 to 0.60). The corresponding spectrum shows that the decreasing correlation coefficient of SVV and Heart rate variability can be used to assess whether the body has reached the ACP. These findings can be used as a guide for exercise healthcare. Pausing or reducing the exercise load before entering the ACP could effectively reduce the risk of myocardial injury.
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Heart rate variability is markedly abnormal following surgical repair of atrial and ventricular septal defects in pediatric patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcchd.2022.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Guilkey JP, Dykstra B, Erichsen J, Heidorn CE, Mahon AD. Effect of maturation on parasympathetic modulation during exercise and recovery. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2022; 56:13-22. [PMID: 35147067 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2022.2035809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the effect of maturation on parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) response from rest to light- to moderate-intensity exercise and recovery from maximal exercise in pre- (n = 10; maturity offset = -3.0 ± 1.2 years; age = 10.1 ± 1.9 years), mid- (n = 9; maturity offset = -0.1 ± 0.6 years; age = 13.7 ± 1.0 years), and postpubertal (n = 10; maturity offset = 1.9 ± 0.6 years; age = 15.6 ± 1.2 years) boys and men (n = 10; age = 24.1 ± 2.0 years). DESIGN Participants completed seated rest, light-intensity exercise (50% HRmax), and moderate-intensity exercise (65% HRmax). Following moderate-intensity exercise, intensity was ramped to elicit maximal HR and followed by 25 min of seated recovery. Log transformed values for root mean square of successive differences (lnRMSSD), high-frequency power (lnHF) and normalized HF power (lnHFnu) assessed PNS modulation during 3 min of rest, light-intensity exercise, moderate-intensity exercise, and 3-min epochs throughout recovery. RESULTS During light-intensity exercise, lnRMSSD and lnHF were greater in prepubertal (lnRMSSD = 3.4 ± 0.3 ms; lnHF = 5.4 ± 0.7 ms2) compared to men (lnRMSSD = 2.8 ± 0.5 ms; lnHF = 4.0 ± 0.9 ms2). During moderate-intensity exercise, lnHF differed between prepubertal and men (2.8 ± 1.0 vs. 1.4 ± 1.0 ms2). During recovery, HRV variables were greater in prepubertal compared to postpubertal and men. CONCLUSIONS Prepubertal boys have reduced PNS withdrawal during light-intensity exercise and greater PNS reactivation following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Guilkey
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Brandon Dykstra
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, Taylor University, Upland, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer Erichsen
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - C Eric Heidorn
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA.,Department of Exercise Science, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Anthony D Mahon
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
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Danilin LK, Spindler M, Sörös P, Bantel C. Heart rate and heart rate variability in patients with chronic inflammatory joint disease: the role of pain duration and the insular cortex. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:75. [PMID: 35062938 PMCID: PMC8783425 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chronic inflammatory joint diseases (CIJD) have been linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A decisive reason could be a dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for the control of cardiovascular function. So far, the cause of changes in autonomic nervous system functions remains elusive. In this study, we investigate the role of chronic pain and the insular cortex in autonomic control of cardiac functioning in patients with CIJD.
Methods
We studied the autonomic nervous system through the assessment of heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and under cognitive stimulation. Furthermore, we investigated insular cortex volume by performing surface-based brain morphometry with FreeSurfer. For this study, 47 participants were recruited, 22 individual age- and sex-matched pairs for the magnetic resonance imaging analyses and 14 for the HRV analyses. All available patients’ data were used for analysis.
Results
Pain duration was negatively correlated with the resting heart rate in patients with chronic inflammatory joint diseases (n = 20). In a multiple linear regression model including only CIJD patients with heart rate at rest as a dependent variable, we found a significant positive relationship between heart rate at rest and the volume of the left insular cortex and a significant negative relationship between heart rate at rest and the volume of the right insular cortex. However, we found no significant differences in HRV parameters or insular cortex volumes between both groups.
Conclusions
In this study we provide evidence to suggest insular cortex involvement in the process of ANS changes due to chronic pain in CIJD patients.
The study was preregistered with the German Clinical Trials Register (https://www.drks.de; DRKS00012791; date of registration: 28 July 2017).
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Herbert C. Can Yoga Boost Access to the Bodily and Emotional Self? Changes in Heart Rate Variability and in Affective Evaluation Before, During and After a Single Session of Yoga Exercise With and Without Instructions of Controlled Breathing and Mindful Body Awareness in Young Healthy Women. Front Psychol 2021; 12:731645. [PMID: 34925139 PMCID: PMC8678535 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is indispensable for a healthy lifestyle. Yoga exercise can have positive effects on well-being and on cardiac autonomic activity making it an ideal intervention for improving mind-body interactions and resilience to physical and mental stressors. Emotions trigger especially strong bodily and affective-cognitive responses because of their social relevance for the self and their biological relevance of mobilizing the organism for action. This study investigates whether changes in emotion processing related to self-other referential processing and changes in cardiac autonomic activity, reflected by heart rate variability (HRV), occur immediately after already a single session of yoga exercise when yoga postures are practiced with or without breathing- and mindful body awareness instructions. Women, all university students (N = 34, final sample: n = 30, n = 25 naïve to yoga practice) were randomly assigned to two experimental groups who performed the same yoga exercises with or without controlled breathing and mindfulness instructions. Emotional, self-other referential processing, awareness of bodily signals and HRV indicators were investigated before and after the exercise using standardized experimental tasks, standardized questionnaires, and mobile recording devices. Exercising for 30 minutes changed cardiac activity significantly. HRV measures showed adaptability of cardiac activity during the exercise as well as during the affective task post- to pre-exercise. Exercising with breathing instructions and mindful body awareness had no superior effects on cardiac, particularly parasympathetic activity, compared to practicing the same movements without such explicit instructions. Self-referential processing did not change; however, participants were faster and more accurate in their affective judgments of emotional stimuli [regardless of their reference (self/other)], and showed better awareness of bodily signals after compared to before the exercise session. The results support immediate, adaptive effects of yoga exercise on cardiac and affective-cognitive processing in an all-female healthy sample. Therefore, yoga exercise could be recommended as a physical activity for boosting cardiac and emotional resilience in this target group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Herbert
- Department of Emotion and Motivation Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Targher G, Mantovani A, Grander C, Foco L, Motta B, Byrne CD, Pramstaller PP, Tilg H. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and impaired cardiac sympathetic/parasympathetic balance in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes-The Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS)-NAFLD sub-study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3464-3473. [PMID: 34627696 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), both with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is a risk factor for CVD morbidity and mortality. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether there is an association between NAFLD and impaired cardiac autonomic function. METHODS AND RESULTS Among the first 4979 participants from the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study, we randomly recruited 173 individuals with T2DM and 183 age- and sex-matched nondiabetic controls. Participants underwent ultrasonography and vibration-controlled transient elastography (Fibroscan®, Echosens) to assess hepatic steatosis and liver stiffness. The low-to-high-frequency (LF/HF) power ratio and other heart rate variability (HRV) measures were calculated from a 20-min resting electrocardiogram (ECG) to derive a measure of cardiac sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance. Among the 356 individuals recruited for the study, 117 had NAFLD and T2DM, 56 had T2DM alone, 68 had NAFLD alone, and 115 subjects had neither condition. Individuals with T2DM and NAFLD (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.29, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.90-10.6) and individuals with NAFLD alone (adjusted OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.59-7.29), but not those with T2DM alone, had a substantially increased risk of having cardiac sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance, compared with those without NAFLD and T2DM. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Fibroscan®-measured liver stiffness. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD was associated with cardiac sympathetic/parasympathetic imbalance, regardless of the presence or absence of T2DM, liver stiffness, and other potential confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luisa Foco
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research (Affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Benedetta Motta
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research (Affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research (Affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Rutkowski S, Szary P, Sacha J, Casaburi R. Immersive Virtual Reality Influences Physiologic Responses to Submaximal Exercise: A Randomized, Crossover Trial. Front Physiol 2021; 12:702266. [PMID: 34658904 PMCID: PMC8514762 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This cross-sectional, randomly assigned study aimed to assess the influence of immersive virtual reality (VR) on exercise tolerance expressed as the duration of a submaximal exercise test (ET) on a cycle ergometer. Methods: The study enrolled 70 healthy volunteers aged 22-25years. Each participant performed an ET with and without VR. Time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were analyzed for the first 3min (T1), the last 3min (T2), and the time at which the shorter of the two tests terminated (Tiso). In the time domain, a SD of R-R intervals (SDNN) and a root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) in milliseconds were computed. The following spectral components were considered: low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), total power (TP), and LF/HF ratio. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04197024). Results: Compared to standard ET, tests in immersive VR lasted significantly longer (694 vs. 591s, p<0.00001) and were associated with lower HR response across the range of corresponding exercise levels, averaging 5-8 beats/min. In the multiple regression analysis, the ET duration was positively determined by male sex, immersion in VR, and negatively determined by HRT1 and RMSSDT1. Conclusion: Exercising in VR is associated with lower HR which allowed subjects to exercise for a longer time before reaching target heart rate (HR). In addition, the increase in exercise duration was found to be related to an adjustment in autonomic nervous activity at a given work rate favoring parasympathetic predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rutkowski
- Department of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Patryk Szary
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sacha
- Department of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
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Shiga K, Izumi K, Minato K, Sugio T, Yoshimura M, Kitazawa M, Hanashiro S, Cortright K, Kurokawa S, Momota Y, Sado M, Maeno T, Takebayashi T, Mimura M, Kishimoto T. Subjective well-being and month-long LF/HF ratio among deskworkers. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257062. [PMID: 34492071 PMCID: PMC8423311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of workers’ well-being has been recognized in recent years. The assessment of well-being has been subjective, and few studies have sought potential biomarkers of well-being to date. This study examined the relationship between well-being and the LF/HF ratio, an index of heart rate variability that reflects sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity. Pulse waves were measured using photoplethysmography through a web camera attached to the computer used by each participant. The participants were asked to measure their pulse waves while working for 4 weeks, and well-being was assessed using self-reported measures such as the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and the Flourishing Scale (FS). Each of the well-being scores were split into two groups according to the median value, and the LF/HF ratio during work, as well as the number of times an LF/HF ratio threshold was either exceeded or subceeded, were compared between the high and low SWLS, positive emotion, negative emotion, and FS groups. Furthermore, to examine the effects of the LF/HF ratio and demographic characteristics on well-being, a multiple regression analysis was conducted. Data were obtained from 169 participants. The results showed that the low FS group had a higher mean LF/HF ratio during work than the high FS group. No significant differences were seen between the high and low SWLS groups, the high and low positive emotion groups, or the high and low negative emotion groups. The multiple regression analysis showed that the mean LF/HF ratio during work affected the FS and SWLS scores, and the number of times the mean LF/HF ratio exceeded +3 SD had an effect on the positive emotion. No effect of the LF/HF ratio on negative emotions was shown. The LF/HF ratio might be applicable as an objective measure of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiko Shiga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Izumi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical AI Center, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Minato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Sugio
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Momoko Kitazawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Hanashiro
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kelley Cortright
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunya Kurokawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Momota
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Sado
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Stress Research, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Maeno
- Human System Design Laboratory, Graduate School of System Design and Management, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishiro Kishimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Psychiatry Department, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Debnath S, Levy TJ, Bellehsen M, Schwartz RM, Barnaby DP, Zanos S, Volpe BT, Zanos TP. A method to quantify autonomic nervous system function in healthy, able-bodied individuals. Bioelectron Med 2021; 7:13. [PMID: 34446089 PMCID: PMC8394599 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-021-00075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The autonomic nervous system (ANS) maintains physiological homeostasis in various organ systems via parasympathetic and sympathetic branches. ANS function is altered in common diffuse and focal conditions and heralds the beginning of environmental and disease stresses. Reliable, sensitive, and quantitative biomarkers, first defined in healthy participants, could discriminate among clinically useful changes in ANS function. This framework combines controlled autonomic testing with feature extraction during physiological responses. METHODS Twenty-one individuals were assessed in two morning and two afternoon sessions over two weeks. Each session included five standard clinical tests probing autonomic function: squat test, cold pressor test, diving reflex test, deep breathing, and Valsalva maneuver. Noninvasive sensors captured continuous electrocardiography, blood pressure, breathing, electrodermal activity, and pupil diameter. Heart rate, heart rate variability, mean arterial pressure, electrodermal activity, and pupil diameter responses to the perturbations were extracted, and averages across participants were computed. A template matching algorithm calculated scaling and stretching features that optimally fit the average to an individual response. These features were grouped based on test and modality to derive sympathetic and parasympathetic indices for this healthy population. RESULTS A significant positive correlation (p = 0.000377) was found between sympathetic amplitude response and body mass index. Additionally, longer duration and larger amplitude sympathetic and longer duration parasympathetic responses occurred in afternoon testing sessions; larger amplitude parasympathetic responses occurred in morning sessions. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the robustness and sensitivity of an algorithmic approach to extract multimodal responses from standard tests. This novel method of quantifying ANS function can be used for early diagnosis, measurement of disease progression, or treatment evaluation. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study registered with Clinicaltrials.gov , identifier NCT04100486 . Registered September 24, 2019, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04100486 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Debnath
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Todd J Levy
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Mayer Bellehsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Unified Behavioral Health Center and World Trade Center Health Program, Northwell Health, Bay Shore, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca M Schwartz
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Northwell Health, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Center for Disaster Health, Trauma, and Resilience, New York, NY, USA
- Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Douglas P Barnaby
- Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Northwell Health, Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Bruce T Volpe
- Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Northwell Health, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Theodoros P Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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Takeshita Y, Tanaka T, Wakakuri H, Kita Y, Kanamori T, Takamura T. Metabolic and sympathovagal effects of bolus insulin glulisine versus basal insulin glargine therapy in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled study. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1193-1201. [PMID: 33251697 PMCID: PMC8264393 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION This study compares the effects of two different insulin regimens - basal versus bolus insulin - on metabolic and cardiovascular autonomic function in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to groups for therapy with insulin glulisine (IGlu) or insulin glargine (IGla). The primary efficacy end-point was glycemic variability, including M-values, mean of glucose levels, and a blood glucose profile of seven time points before and after the intervention. The secondary end-points included pleiotropic effects, including endothelial and cardiac autonomic nerve functions. RESULTS Blood glucose levels at all time points significantly decreased in both groups. Post-lunch, post-dinner, and bedtime blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the IGlu group than in the IGla group. Nadir fasting blood glucose levels at the end-point were significantly lower in the IGla group than in the IGlu group. The M-value and mean blood glucose levels were significantly decreased from baseline in both groups, although the former was significantly lower in the IGlu group than in the IGla group. IGla, but not IGlu, was found to elevate 24-h parasympathetic tone, especially during night-time, and it decreased 24-h sympathetic nerve activity, especially at dawn. CONCLUSIONS Both IGlu and IGla regimens reduced glucose variability, with IGlu bringing a greater reduction in M-value. IGla, but not IGlu, increased parasympathetic tone during night-time and decreased sympathetic nerve activity at dawn. These findings shed light on the previously unrecognized role of night-time basal insulin supplementation on sympathovagal activity in type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumie Takeshita
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Takeo Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Hitomi Wakakuri
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Yuki Kita
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Takehiro Kanamori
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaIshikawaJapan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismKanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawaIshikawaJapan
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Chapman CL, Reed EL, Worley ML, Pietrafesa LD, Kueck PJ, Bloomfield AC, Schlader ZJ, Johnson BD. Sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption acutely decreases spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R641-R652. [PMID: 33533320 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00310.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In healthy humans, fructose-sweetened water consumption increases blood pressure variability (BPV) and decreases spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) and heart rate variability (HRV). However, whether consuming commercially available soft drinks containing high levels of fructose elicits similar responses is unknown. We hypothesized that high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened soft drink consumption increases BPV and decreases cBRS and HRV to a greater extent compared with artificially sweetened (diet) and sucrose-sweetened (sucrose) soft drinks and water. Twelve subjects completed four randomized, double-blinded trials in which they drank 500 mL of water or commercially available soft drinks matched for taste and caffeine content. We continuously measured beat-to-beat blood pressure (photoplethysmography) and R-R interval (ECG) before and 30 min after drink consumption during supine rest for 5 min during spontaneous and paced breathing. BPV was evaluated using standard deviation (SD), average real variability (ARV), and successive variation (SV) methods for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. cBRS was assessed using the sequence method. HRV was evaluated using the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in R-R interval. There were no differences between conditions in the magnitude of change from baseline in SD, ARV, and SV (P ≥ 0.07). There were greater reductions in cBRS during spontaneous breathing in the HFCS (-3 ± 5 ms/mmHg) and sucrose (-3 ± 5 ms/mmHg) trials compared with the water trial (+1 ± 5 ms/mmHg, P < 0.03). During paced breathing, HFCS evoked greater reductions in RMSSD compared with water (-26 ± 34 vs. +2 ± 26 ms, P < 0.01). These findings suggest that sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption alters cBRS and HRV but not BPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Chapman
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Emma L Reed
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Morgan L Worley
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Leonard D Pietrafesa
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Paul J Kueck
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Adam C Bloomfield
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Zachary J Schlader
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Blair D Johnson
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Lundqvist MH, Almby K, Wiklund U, Abrahamsson N, Kamble PG, Pereira MJ, Eriksson JW. Altered hormonal and autonomic nerve responses to hypo- and hyperglycaemia are found in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals and may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:641-655. [PMID: 33241460 PMCID: PMC7864814 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Results from animal models and some clinical work suggest a role for the central nervous system (CNS) in glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis by modulation of glucoregulatory hormones and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The aim of this study was to characterise the neuroendocrine response to various glucose concentrations in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals compared with lean individuals. METHODS Overweight/obese (HI, n = 15, BMI ≥27.0 kg/m2) and lean (LO, n = 15, BMI <27.0 kg/m2) individuals without diabetes underwent hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic-hypoglycaemic clamps and hyperglycaemic clamps on two separate occasions with measurements of hormones, Edinburgh Hypoglycaemic Symptom Scale (ESS) score and heart rate variability (HRV). Statistical methods included groupwise comparisons with Mann-Whitney U tests, multilinear regressions and linear mixed models between neuroendocrine responses and continuous metabolic variables. RESULTS During hypoglycaemic clamps, there was an elevated cortisol response in HI vs LO (median ΔAUC 12,383 vs 4793 nmol/l × min; p = 0.050) and a significantly elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response in HI vs LO (median ΔAUC 437.3 vs 162.0 nmol/l × min; p = 0.021). When adjusting for clamp glucose levels, obesity (p = 0.033) and insulin resistance (p = 0.009) were associated with elevated glucagon levels. By contrast, parasympathetic activity was less suppressed in overweight individuals at the last stage of hypoglycaemia compared with euglycaemia (high-frequency power of HRV, p = 0.024). M value was the strongest predictor for the ACTH and PHF responses, independent of BMI and other variables. There was a BMI-independent association between the cortisol response and ESS score response (p = 0.024). During hyperglycaemic clamps, overweight individuals displayed less suppression of glucagon levels (median ΔAUC -63.4% vs -73.0%; p = 0.010) and more suppression of sympathetic relative to parasympathetic activity (low-frequency/high-frequency power, p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study supports the hypothesis that altered responses of insulin-antagonistic hormones and the ANS to glucose fluctuations occur in overweight and insulin-resistant individuals, and that these responses are probably partly mediated by the CNS. Their potential role in development of type 2 diabetes needs to be addressed in future research. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urban Wiklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Prasad G Kamble
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Khalaf TM, Ramadan MZ, Ragab AE, Alhaag MH, AlSharabi KA. Psychophysiological responses to manual lifting of unknown loads. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247442. [PMID: 33635903 PMCID: PMC7909684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The handling of unknown weights, which is common in daily routines either at work or during leisure time, is suspected to be highly associated with the incidence of low back pain (LBP). OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of knowledge and magnitude of a load (to be lifted) on brain responses, autonomic nervous activity, and trapezius and erector spinae muscle activity. METHODS A randomized, within-subjects experiment involving manual lifting was conducted, wherein 10 participants lifted three different weights (1.1, 5, and 15 kg) under two conditions: either having or not having prior knowledge of the weight to be lifted. RESULTS The results revealed that the lifting of unknown weights caused increased average heart rate and percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) but decreased average inter-beat interval, very-low-frequency power, low-frequency power, and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio. Regardless of the weight magnitude, lifting of unknown weights was associated with smaller theta activities in the power spectrum density (PSD) of the central region, smaller alpha activities in the PSD of the frontal region, and smaller beta activities in the PSDs of both the frontal and central regions. Moreover, smaller alpha and beta activities in the PSD of the parietal region were associated only with lifting of unknown lightweights. CONCLUSIONS Uncertainty regarding the weight to be lifted could be considered as a stress-adding variable that may increase the required physical demand to be sustained during manual lifting tasks. The findings of this study stress the importance of eliminating uncertainty associated with handling unknown weights, such as in the cases of handling patients and dispatching luggage. This can be achieved through preliminary self-sensing of the load to be lifted, or the cautious disclosure of the actual weight of manually lifted objects, for example, through clear labeling and/or a coding system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M. Khalaf
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z. Ramadan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adham E. Ragab
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Alhaag
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil A. AlSharabi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Catrambone V, Averta G, Bianchi M, Valenza G. Toward brain-heart computer interfaces: a study on the classification of upper limb movements using multisystem directional estimates. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33601354 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abe7b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) exploit computational features from brain signals to perform a given task. Despite recent neurophysiology and clinical findings indicating the crucial role of functional interplay between brain and cardiovascular dynamics in locomotion, heartbeat information remains to be included in common BCI systems. In this study, we exploit the multidimensional features of directional and functional interplay between electroencephalographic and heartbeat spectra to classify upper limb movements into three classes. APPROACH We gathered data from 26 healthy volunteers that performed 90 movements; the data were processed using a recently proposed framework for brain-heart interplay (BHI) assessment based on synthetic physiological data generation. Extracted BHI features were employed to classify, through sequential forward selection scheme and k-nearest neighbors algorithm, among resting state and three classes of movements according to the kind of interaction with objects. MAIN RESULTS The results demonstrated that the proposed brain-heart computer interface (BHCI) system could distinguish between rest and movement classes automatically with an average 90% of accuracy. SIGNIFICANCE Further, this study provides neurophysiology insights indicating the crucial role of functional interplay originating at the cortical level onto the heart in the upper limb neural control. The inclusion of functional BHI insights might substantially improve the neuroscientific knowledge about motor control, and this may lead to advanced BHCI systems performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Catrambone
- Research Center E. Piaggio, Information Engineering, University of Pisa School of Engineering, Largo L. Lazzarino,1, Pisa, Italy, 56126, ITALY
| | - Giuseppe Averta
- Research Center E. Piaggio, Information Engineering, University of Pisa School of Engineering, Largo L. Lazzarino, 1, Pisa, Italy, 56126, ITALY
| | - Matteo Bianchi
- Research Center E. Piaggio, Information Engineering, University of Pisa School of Engineering, Largo L. Lazzarino, 1, Pisa, Toscana, 56126, ITALY
| | - Gaetano Valenza
- Research Center E. Piaggio, Information Engineering, University of Pisa School of Engineering, Largo L. Lazzarino, 1, Pisa, Toscana, 56126, ITALY
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Study of heart rate recovery and cardiovascular autonomic modulation in healthy participants after submaximal exercise. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3620. [PMID: 33574441 PMCID: PMC7878503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) provide important information on cardiovascular autonomic control. However, little is known about the reorganization of HRV, BPV, and BRS after aerobic exercise. While there is a positive relationship between heart rate (HR) recovery rate and cardiorespiratory fitness, it is unclear whether there is a relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and reorganization of cardiovascular autonomic modulation during recovery. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether cardiorespiratory fitness influences the cardiovascular autonomic modulation recovery, after a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Sixty men were assigned into groups according to their cardiorespiratory fitness: low cardiorespiratory fitness (LCF = VO2: 22–38 mL kg−1 min−1), moderate (MCF = VO2: 38–48 mL kg−1 min−1), and high (HCF = VO2 > 48 mL kg−1 min−1). HRV (linear and non-linear analysis) and BPV (spectral analysis), and BRS (sequence method) were performed before and after a cardiopulmonary exercise test. The groups with higher cardiorespiratory fitness had lower baseline HR values and HR recovery time after the cardiopulmonary exercise test. On comparing rest and recovery periods, the spectral analysis of HRV showed a decrease in low-frequency (LF) oscillations in absolute units and high frequency (HF) in absolute and normalized units. It also showed increases in LF oscillations of blood pressure. Nonlinear analysis showed a reduction in approximate entropy (ApEn) and in Poincare Plot parameters (SD1 and SD2), accompanied by increases in detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) parameters α1 and α2. However, we did not find differences in cardiovascular autonomic modulation parameters and BRS in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness neither before nor after the cardiopulmonary test. We concluded that cardiorespiratory fitness does not affect cardiovascular autonomic modulations after cardiopulmonary exercise test, unlike HR recovery.
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