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Li YM, Zhang HX, Tang XS, Wang Y, Cai ZH, Li B, Xie ZS. Abscisic Acid Induces DNA Methylation Alteration in Genes Related to Berry Ripening and Stress Response in Grape ( Vitis vinifera L). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15027-15039. [PMID: 38886897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major regulator of nonclimacteric fruit ripening, with its processes involving epigenetic mechanisms. It remains unclear whether DNA methylation is associated with ABA-regulated ripening. In this study, we investigated the patterns of DNA methylation and gene expression following ABA treatment in grape berries by using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-sequencing. ABA application changed global DNA methylation in grapes. The hyper-/hypo-differently methylated regions were enriched in defense-related metabolism, degreening processes, or ripening-related metabolic pathways. Many differentially expressed genes showed an alteration in DNA methylation after ABA treatment. Specifically, ten downregulated genes with hypermethylation in promoters were involved in the ripening process, ABA homeostasis/signaling, and stress response. Nine upregulated genes exhibiting hypo-methylation in promoters were related to the ripening process and stress response. These findings demonstrated ABA-induced DNA alteration of ripening related and stress-responsive genes during grape ripening, which provides new insights of the epigenetic regulation of ABA on fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Mei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuan-Si Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhong-Hui Cai
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bo Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zhao-Sen Xie
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Calderan A, Falchi R, Braidotti R, Tonidandel L, Larcher R, Sivilotti P. Using In Vitro Cultured Berries to Unravel the Effects of Heat- and ABA-Induced Stress on Thiol Precursor Biosynthesis in Sauvignon Blanc. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14547-14556. [PMID: 38907715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Global warming, heat waves, and seasonal drought pose serious threats to crops, such as grapevine, that are valued for their secondary metabolites, which are of primary importance for the wine industry. Discriminating the effects of distinct environmental factors in the open field is challenging. In the present study, in vitro cultured berries of Sauvignon Blanc were exposed to individual and combined stress factors to investigate the effects on the biosynthesis of the thiol precursors. Our results confirm the complexity and extreme reactivity of the accumulation process in grapes. However, they also indicate that heat stress has a positive effect on the production of the Cys-3SH precursor. Moreover, we identified several candidate genes, such as VvGSTs and VvGGT that are potentially involved in biosynthesis and consistently modulated. Nonetheless, we were unable to conclusively determine the effects of stresses on the biosynthesis of other precursors nor could we formulate hypotheses regarding their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Calderan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Rachele Falchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Braidotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Loris Tonidandel
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38010, Italy
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38010, Italy
| | - Paolo Sivilotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Lu L, Delrot S, Liang Z. From acidity to sweetness: a comprehensive review of carbon accumulation in grape berries. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:22. [PMID: 38835095 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Most of the carbon found in fruits at harvest is imported by the phloem. Imported carbon provide the material needed for the accumulation of sugars, organic acids, secondary compounds, in addition to the material needed for the synthesis of cell walls. The accumulation of sugars during fruit development influences not only sweetness but also various parameters controlling fruit composition (fruit "quality"). The accumulation of organic acids and sugar in grape berry flesh cells is a key process for berry development and ripening. The present review presents an update of the research on grape berry development, anatomical structure, sugar and acid metabolism, sugar transporters, and regulatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crop, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Oenology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Serge Delrot
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, UMR EGFV, ISVV, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crop, Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Oenology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Wang YW, Nambeesan SU. Ethylene promotes fruit ripening initiation by downregulating photosynthesis, enhancing abscisic acid and suppressing jasmonic acid in blueberry (Vaccinium ashei). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:418. [PMID: 38760720 PMCID: PMC11102277 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberry fruit exhibit atypical climacteric ripening with a non-auto-catalytic increase in ethylene coincident with initiation of ripening. Further, application of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator, accelerates ripening by increasing the proportion of ripe (blue) fruit as compared to the control treatment. To investigate the mechanistic role of ethylene in regulating blueberry ripening, we performed transcriptome analysis on fruit treated with ethephon, an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator. RESULTS RNA-Sequencing was performed on two sets of rabbiteye blueberry ('Powderblue') fruit: (1) fruit from divergent developmental stages; and (2) fruit treated with ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from divergent developmental stages clustered into nine groups, among which cluster 1 displayed reduction in expression during ripening initiation and was enriched with photosynthesis related genes, while cluster 7 displayed increased expression during ripening and was enriched with aromatic-amino acid family catabolism genes, suggesting stimulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. More DEGs were apparent at 1 day after ethephon treatment suggesting its early influence during ripening initiation. Overall, a higher number of genes were downregulated in response to ethylene. Many of these overlapped with cluster 1 genes, indicating that ethylene-mediated downregulation of photosynthesis is an important developmental event during the ripening transition. Analyses of DEGs in response to ethylene also indicated interplay among phytohormones. Ethylene positively regulated abscisic acid (ABA), negatively regulated jasmonates (JAs), and influenced auxin (IAA) metabolism and signaling genes. Phytohormone quantification supported these effects of ethylene, indicating coordination of blueberry fruit ripening by ethylene. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the role of ethylene in blueberry fruit ripening. Ethylene initiates blueberry ripening by downregulating photosynthesis-related genes. Also, ethylene regulates phytohormone-metabolism and signaling related genes, increases ABA, and decreases JA concentrations. Together, these results indicate that interplay among multiple phytohormones regulates the progression of ripening, and that ethylene is an important coordinator of such interactions during blueberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Savithri U Nambeesan
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences Building, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Bennett J, Meiyalaghan S, Nguyen HM, Boldingh H, Cooney J, Elborough C, Araujo LD, Barrell P, Lin-Wang K, Plunkett BJ, Martin D, Espley RV. Exogenous abscisic acid and sugar induce a cascade of ripening events associated with anthocyanin accumulation in cultured Pinot Noir grape berries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1324675. [PMID: 38186606 PMCID: PMC10768192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1324675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Fruit quality is dependent on various factors including flavour, texture and colour. These factors are determined by the ripening process, either climacteric or non-climacteric. In grape berry, which is non-climacteric, the process is signalled by a complex set of hormone changes. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the key hormones involved in ripening, while sugar availability also plays a significant role in certain ripening aspects such as anthocyanin production. To understand the relative influence of hormone and sugar signalling in situ can prove problematic due to the physiological and environmental (abiotic and biotic) factors at play in vineyards. Here we report on the use of in vitro detached berry culture to investigate the comparative significance of ABA and sugar in the regulation of Pinot noir berry anthocyanin production under controlled conditions. Using a factorial experimental design, pre-véraison berries were cultured on media with various concentrations of sucrose and ABA. After 15 days of in vitro culture, the berries were analysed for changes in metabolites, hormones and gene expression. Results illustrated a stimulatory effect of sucrose and ABA on enhancing berry colour and a corresponding increase in anthocyanins. Increased ABA concentration was able to boost anthocyanin production in berries when sucrose supply was low. The sucrose and ABA effects on berry anthocyanins were primarily manifested through the up-regulation of transcription factors and other genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway, while in other parts of the pathway a down-regulation of key proanthocyanindin transcription factors and genes corresponded to sharp reduction in berry proanthocyanidins, irrespective of sucrose supply. Similarly, increased ABA was correlated with a significant reduction in berry malic acid and associated regulatory genes. These findings suggest a predominance of berry ABA over berry sugar in coordinating the physiological and genetic regulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanins in Pinot noir grape berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Bennett
- Tree Crops, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Motueka, New Zealand
| | - Sathiyamoorthy Meiyalaghan
- Premium Crops & Technology, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Han M. Nguyen
- Tree Crops, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen Boldingh
- Fruit Crops Physiology, Biological Chemistry & Bioactives, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Janine Cooney
- Fruit Crops Physiology, Biological Chemistry & Bioactives, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin Elborough
- Tree Crops, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leandro Dias Araujo
- Department of Wine Food & Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Philippa Barrell
- Premium Crops & Technology, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- Tree Crops, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Blue J. Plunkett
- Tree Crops, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Damian Martin
- Viticulture & Oenology, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Blenheim, New Zealand
| | - Richard V. Espley
- Tree Crops, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kishor PBK, Guddimalli R, Kulkarni J, Singam P, Somanaboina AK, Nandimandalam T, Patil S, Polavarapu R, Suravajhala P, Sreenivasulu N, Penna S. Impact of Climate Change on Altered Fruit Quality with Organoleptic, Health Benefit, and Nutritional Attributes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17510-17527. [PMID: 37943146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of global climate change, acute water deficit conditions, soil salinity, and high temperature have been on the rise in their magnitude and frequency, which have been found to impact plant growth and development negatively. However, recent evidence suggests that many fruit plants that face moderate abiotic stresses can result in beneficial effects on the postharvest storage characters of the fruits. Salinity, drought, and high temperature conditions stimulate the synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), and secondary metabolites, which are vital for fruit quality. The secondary metabolites like phenolic acids and anthocyanins that accumulate under abiotic stress conditions have antioxidant activity, and therefore, such fruits have health benefits too. It has been noticed that fruits accumulate more sugar and anthocyanins owing to upregulation of phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes. The novel information that has been generated thus far indicates that the growth environment during fruit development influences the quality components of the fruits. But the quality depends on the trade-offs between productivity, plant defense, and the frequency, duration, and intensity of stress. In this review, we capture the current knowledge of the irrigation practices for optimizing fruit production in arid and semiarid regions and enhancement in the quality of fruit with the application of exogenous ABA and identify gaps that exist in our understanding of fruit quality under abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Kavi Kishor
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Jayant Kulkarni
- Department of Botany, Savithribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Prashant Singam
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Anil Kumar Somanaboina
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Tejaswi Nandimandalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Swaroopa Patil
- Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rathnagiri Polavarapu
- Genomix Molecular Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd., Pragathi Nagar, Kukatapally, Hyderabad 500 072, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Clappana, 690 525, Amritapuri, Vallikavu, Kerala, India & Bioclues.org, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Research Unit, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manil 1301, Philippines
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Amity Centre for Nuclear Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University of Maharashtra, Mumbai 410 206, India
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Rafique R, Ahmad T, Khan MA, Ahmed M. Temperature variability during the growing season affects the quality attributes of table grapes in Pothwar-insight from a new emerging viticulture region in South Asia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:1881-1896. [PMID: 37718384 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Rising air temperature due to climate change has posed a mammoth challenge to global viticulture and key berry quality traits are compromised. Exploring the effects of seasonal temperature variability on berry ripening and quality attributes in different viticulture regions may help in sustainable viticulture industry. The present research was designed to explore the effect of temperature variables on key quality attributes of table grape cultivars in Pothwar region of Pakistan. Key berry quality traits such as total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), maturity indices (MI), ascorbic acid, sugars, total polyphenol contents (TPC) and total anthocyanin contents (TAC) were unlocked for four important table grape cultivars under varying environmental conditions at Chakwal and Islamabad districts for two consecutive vintages of 2019 and 2020. The district Chakwal has up to 0.92 °C, 1.35 °C, 1.12°C and 0.81°C higher Tmin, Tmax, Tmean and diurnal temperature variation (DTV) respectively, compared to Islamabad particularly for the 2019 vintage. The results of the present study revealed that the warmer site (Chakwal) has significantly (P ≤0.05) higher juice pH, TSS (°brix) and maturity indices (MI) particularly for the relatively hotter vintage of 2019. Interestingly, MI was 33% higher for the relatively warmer vintage of 2019 compared to 2020 with relatively lower acidity (up to 38%). Moreover, higher titratable acidity (11.2%), ascorbic acid (28.5%), polyphenols (20.3%) and anthocyanins (10.6%) were noticed for the colder Islamabad compared to Chakwal. Although elevated temperature for warmer location and vintage favoured berry ripening, however key biochemical attributes such as titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, polyphenols and anthocyanins were negatively affected. The findings of the present research provide useful insight into the impact of growing season temperature on key berry attributes and may help devise adaptation strategies to improve berry quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Rafique
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Azam Khan
- Department of Horticulture, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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8
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Zenoni S, Savoi S, Busatto N, Tornielli GB, Costa F. Molecular regulation of apple and grape ripening: exploring common and distinct transcriptional aspects of representative climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6207-6223. [PMID: 37591311 PMCID: PMC10627160 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits of angiosperms are organs specialized for promoting seed dispersal by attracting herbivores and enticing them to consume the organ and the seeds it contains. Ripening can be broadly defined as the processes serving as a plant strategy to make the fleshy fruit appealing to animals, consisting of a coordinated series of changes in color, texture, aroma, and flavor that result from an intricate interplay of genetically and epigenetically programmed events. The ripening of fruits can be categorized into two types: climacteric, which is characterized by a rapid increase in respiration rate typically accompanied by a burst of ethylene production, and non-climacteric, in which this pronounced peak in respiration is absent. Here we review current knowledge of transcriptomic changes taking place in apple (Malus × domestica, climacteric) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera, non-climacteric) fruit during ripening, with the aim of highlighting specific and common hormonal and molecular events governing the process in the two species. With this perspective, we found that specific NAC transcription factor members participate in ripening initiation in grape and are involved in restoring normal physiological ripening progression in impaired fruit ripening in apple. These elements suggest the existence of a common regulatory mechanism operated by NAC transcription factors and auxin in the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Savoi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
| | - Nicola Busatto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 39098 San Michele all’Adige (Trento), Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Costa
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 39098 San Michele all’Adige (Trento), Italy
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9
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Perotti MF, Posé D, Martín-Pizarro C. Non-climacteric fruit development and ripening regulation: 'the phytohormones show'. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6237-6253. [PMID: 37449770 PMCID: PMC10627154 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening involves numerous physiological, structural, and metabolic changes that result in the formation of edible fruits. This process is controlled at different molecular levels, with essential roles for phytohormones, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications. Fleshy fruits are classified as either climacteric or non-climacteric species. Climacteric fruits are characterized by a burst in respiration and ethylene production at the onset of ripening, while regulation of non-climacteric fruit ripening has been commonly attributed to abscisic acid (ABA). However, there is controversy as to whether mechanisms regulating fruit ripening are shared between non-climacteric species, and to what extent other hormones contribute alongside ABA. In this review, we summarize classic and recent studies on the accumulation profile and role of ABA and other important hormones in the regulation of non-climacteric fruit development and ripening, as well as their crosstalk, paying special attention to the two main non-climacteric plant models, strawberry and grape. We highlight both the common and different roles of these regulators in these two crops, and discuss the importance of the transcriptional and environmental regulation of fruit ripening, as well as the need to optimize genetic transformation methodologies to facilitate gene functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Perotti
- Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - David Posé
- Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Martín-Pizarro
- Departamento de Mejora Genética y Biotecnología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, UMA, Málaga, Spain
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10
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Bai Q, Chen X, Zheng Z, Feng J, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Huang Y. Vacuolar Phosphate Transporter1 (VPT1) may transport sugar in response to soluble sugar status of grape fruits. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac260. [PMID: 37533675 PMCID: PMC10392026 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar Phosphate Transporter1 (VPT1)-mediated phosphate uptake in the vacuoles is essential to plant development and fruit ripening. Interestingly, here we find that the VPT1 may transport sugar in response to soluble sugar status of fruits. The VvVPT1 protein isolated from grape (Vitis vinifera) berries was tonoplast-localized and contains SPX (Syg1/Pho81/XPR1) and MFS (major facilitator superfamily) domains. Its mRNA expression was significantly increased during fruit ripening and induced by sucrose. Functional analyses based on transient transgenic systems in grape berry showed that VvVPT1 positively regulated berry ripening and significantly affected hexose contents, fruit firmness, and ripening-related gene expression. The VPT1 proteins (Grape VvVPT1, strawberry FaVPT1, and Arabidopsis AtVPT1) all showed low affinity for phosphate verified in yeast system, while they appear different in sugar transport capacity, consistent with fruit sugar status. Thus, our findings reveal a role for VPT1 in fruit ripening, associated to its SPX and MFS domains in direct transport of soluble sugar available into the vacuole, and open potential avenues for genetic improvement in fleshy fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinjing Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuanyue Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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11
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VanderWeide J, Falchi R, Calderan A, Peterlunger E, Vrhovsek U, Sivilotti P, Sabbatini P. Juxtaposition of the Source-to-Sink Ratio and Fruit Exposure to Solar Radiation on cv. Merlot ( Vitis vinifera L.) Berry Phenolics in a Cool versus Warm Growing Region. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10429-10442. [PMID: 35976259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The grapevine source-to-sink ratio and berry exposure to solar radiation both influence grape flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation. Here, we compared these concepts on cv. Merlot in two different growing locations (Michigan (MI) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (FVG), IT) to understand whether the environment influences flavonoid sensitivity to these parameters. Three levels of leaf removal (LR0, LR5, LR8) were implemented at the pea-size phenological stage to compare conditions of increased cluster light exposure with a decreasing vine source-to-sink ratio on berry flavonoid accumulation. Treatments did not affect total soluble solids (TSSs) or pH, but titratable acidity (TA) was lower in LR8 at harvest in both locations. LR5 increased anthocyanins and flavonols in MI but decreased most phenolics in FVG. The decreased expression of VviLAR1 and VviF3'5'Hh during ripening supported the lower concentrations of flavan-3-ol monomers and anthocyanins in FVG. In summary, flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation were more sensitive to solar radiation than the source-to-sink ratio, and the vineyard environment dictated whether solar radiation was beneficial or detrimental to flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua VanderWeide
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rachele Falchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli studi di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Calderan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli studi di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Peterlunger
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli studi di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sivilotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli studi di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paolo Sabbatini
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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12
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Wang W, Fan D, Hao Q, Jia W. Signal transduction in non-climacteric fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac190. [PMID: 36329721 PMCID: PMC9622361 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruit ripening involves changes in numerous cellular processes and metabolic pathways, resulting from the coordinated actions of diverse classes of structural and regulatory proteins. These include enzymes, transporters and complex signal transduction systems. Many aspects of the signaling machinery that orchestrates the ripening of climacteric fruits, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), have been elucidated, but less is known about analogous processes in non-climacteric fruits. The latter include strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) and grape (Vitis vinifera), both of which are used as non-climacteric fruit experimental model systems, although they originate from different organs: the grape berry is a true fruit derived from the ovary, while strawberry is an accessory fruit that is derived from the floral receptacle. In this article, we summarize insights into the signal transduction events involved in strawberry and grape berry ripening. We highlight the mechanisms underlying non-climacteric fruit ripening, the multiple primary signals and their integrated action, individual signaling components, pathways and their crosstalk, as well as the associated transcription factors and their signaling output.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qing Hao
- Corresponding authors: E-mail: ;
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13
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Expression Analyses in the Rachis Hint towards Major Cell Wall Modifications in Grape Clusters Showing Berry Shrivel Symptoms. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162159. [PMID: 36015462 PMCID: PMC9413262 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Berry shrivel (BS) is one of the prominent and still unresolved ripening physiological disorders in grapevine. The causes of BS are unclear, and previous studies focused on the berry metabolism or histological studies, including cell viability staining in the rachis and berries of BS clusters. Herein, we studied the transcriptional modulation induced by BS in the rachis of pre-symptomatic and symptomatic clusters with a custom-made microarray qPCR in relation to a previous RNASeq study of BS berries. Gene set analysis of transcript expression in symptomatic rachis tissue determined suppression of cell wall biosynthesis, which could also be confirmed already in pre-symptomatic BS rachis by CESA8 qPCR analyses, while in BS berries, a high number of SWITCH genes were suppressed at veraison. Additionally, genes associated with the cell wall were differently affected by BS in berries. A high percentage of hydrolytic enzymes were induced in BS grapes in rachis and berries, while other groups such as, e.g., xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, were suppressed in BS rachis. In conclusion, we propose that modulated cell wall biosynthesis and cell wall assembly in pre-symptomatic BS rachis have potential consequences for cell wall strength and lead to a forced degradation of cell walls in symptomatic grape clusters. The similarity to sugar starvation transcriptional profiles provides a link to BS berries, which are low in sugar accumulation. However, further studies remain necessary to investigate the temporal and spatial coordination in both tissues.
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Badim H, Vale M, Coelho M, Granell A, Gerós H, Conde A. Constitutive expression of VviNAC17 transcription factor significantly induces the synthesis of flavonoids and other phenolics in transgenic grape berry cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964621. [PMID: 35968093 PMCID: PMC9372392 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
VviNAC17 is a grapevine transcription factor activated by ABA. Because ABA has been proposed as the main signal modulating the secondary metabolism in grape berry skins, here we postulated VviNAC17 as a positive regulator of secondary metabolism in grape cells. To validate the hypothesis, VviNAC17 was constitutively and stably overexpressed in grape berry suspension-cultured cells of Gamay Fréaux cv. by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Targeted transcriptional analyses by qPCR showed that several genes involved the phenylpropanoid (VviPAL1), stilbenoid (VviSTS1) and flavonoid pathways (VviDFR, VviLAR1, VviANR, VviLDOX, and VviUFGT1), as well as anthocyanin vacuolar transport and accumulation (VviGST4 and VvMATE1) were significantly upregulated in VviNAC17-overexpressing transgenic cells, which translated in the stimulation of a number of enzymatic activities in those pathways. This was the case of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) that were about 2-fold and 3.5-fold higher in VviNAC17-overexpressing cells than in control cells. VviNAC17-overexpressing cells accumulated significantly higher amounts of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, total flavonoids and total phenolics. These findings confirmed that VviNAC17 is an important positive regulator of secondary metabolism in grapevine contributing to the accumulation of important berry quality-related secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Badim
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana Vale
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Marco Coelho
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Antonio Granell
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Conde
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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15
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Zhang F, Zhong H, Zhou X, Pan M, Xu J, Liu M, Wang M, Liu G, Xu T, Wang Y, Wu X, Xu Y. Grafting with rootstocks promotes phenolic compound accumulation in grape berry skin during development based on integrative multi-omics analysis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac055. [PMID: 35664240 PMCID: PMC9154076 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In viticulture, grafting has been practiced widely and influences grape development as well as berry and wine quality. However, there is limited understanding of the effects of rootstocks on grape phenolic compounds, which are located primarily in the berry skin and contribute to certain sensory attributes of wine. In this study, scion-rootstock interactions were investigated at the green-berry stage and the veraison stage when grapevines were hetero-grafted with three commonly used rootstock genotypes (5BB, 101-14MG, and SO4). Physiological investigations showed that hetero-grafts, especially CS/5BB, contained higher concentrations of total proanthocyanidins (PAs) and various PA components in berry skins compared with the auto-grafted grapevines. Further metabolomics analysis identified 105 differentially accumulated flavonoid compounds, the majority of which, including anthocyanins, PAs, and flavonols, were significantly increased in the berry skins of hetero-grafted grapevines compared with auto-grafted controls. In addition, transcriptomic analysis of the same samples identified several thousand differentially expressed genes between hetero-grafted and auto-grafted vines. The three rootstocks not only increased the transcript levels of stilbene, anthocyanin, PA, and flavonol synthesis genes but also affected the expression of numerous transcription factor genes. Taken together, our results suggest that hetero-grafting can promote phenolic compound accumulation in grape berry skin during development. These findings provide new insights for improving the application value of grafting by enhancing the accumulation of nutritious phenolic components in grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haixia Zhong
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingqi Pan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), 830091, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Yan Xu
- Corresponding author: E-mail: ;
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16
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Gupta K, Wani SH, Razzaq A, Skalicky M, Samantara K, Gupta S, Pandita D, Goel S, Grewal S, Hejnak V, Shiv A, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO, Alaklabi A, Brestic M. Abscisic Acid: Role in Fruit Development and Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:817500. [PMID: 35620694 PMCID: PMC9127668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.817500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth regulator known for its functions, especially in seed maturation, seed dormancy, adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf and bud abscission. ABA activity is governed by multiple regulatory pathways that control ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and transport. The transport of the ABA signaling molecule occurs from the shoot (site of synthesis) to the fruit (site of action), where ABA receptors decode information as fruit maturation begins and is significantly promoted. The maximum amount of ABA is exported by the phloem from developing fruits during seed formation and initiation of fruit expansion. In the later stages of fruit ripening, ABA export from the phloem decreases significantly, leading to an accumulation of ABA in ripening fruit. Fruit growth, ripening, and senescence are under the control of ABA, and the mechanisms governing these processes are still unfolding. During the fruit ripening phase, interactions between ABA and ethylene are found in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. It is clear that ABA regulates ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during fruit ripening, but the molecular mechanism controlling the interaction between ABA and ethylene has not yet been discovered. The effects of ABA and ethylene on fruit ripening are synergistic, and the interaction of ABA with other plant hormones is an essential determinant of fruit growth and ripening. Reaction and biosynthetic mechanisms, signal transduction, and recognition of ABA receptors in fruits need to be elucidated by a more thorough study to understand the role of ABA in fruit ripening. Genetic modifications of ABA signaling can be used in commercial applications to increase fruit yield and quality. This review discusses the mechanism of ABA biosynthesis, its translocation, and signaling pathways, as well as the recent findings on ABA function in fruit development and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddharth University, Kapilvastu, India
| | - Shabir H. Wani
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Khudwani, India
- *Correspondence: Shabir H. Wani,
| | - Ali Razzaq
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Milan Skalicky,
| | - Kajal Samantara
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, India
| | - Shubhra Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Deepu Pandita
- Government Department of School Education, Jammu, India
| | - Sonia Goel
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SGT University, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Grewal
- Bio and Nanotechnology Department, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aalok Shiv
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alaklabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food, and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Institut of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
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17
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Grapevine Red Blotch Disease Etiology and Its Impact on Grapevine Physiology and Berry and Wine Composition. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) has become widespread in the United States since its identification in 2012. GRBV is the causative agent of grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD), which has caused detrimental economic impacts to the grape and wine industry. Understanding viral function, plant–pathogen interactions, and the effects of GRBV on grapevine performance remains essential to developing potential mitigation strategies. This comprehensive review examines the current body of knowledge regarding GRBV, to highlight gaps in the knowledge and potential mitigation strategies for grape growers and winemakers.
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18
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García-Pastor ME, Giménez MJ, Serna-Escolano V, Guillén F, Valero D, Serrano M, García-Martínez S, Terry LA, Alamar MC, Zapata PJ. Oxalic Acid Preharvest Treatment Improves Colour and Quality of Seedless Table Grape 'Magenta' Upregulating on-Vine Abscisic Acid Metabolism, Relative VvNCED1 Gene Expression, and the Antioxidant System in Berries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:740240. [PMID: 34790211 PMCID: PMC8591251 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.740240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of oxalic acid (OA) in determining poorly coloured table grape quality remains relatively unknown. Some red cultivars, such as seedless table grape 'Magenta' are characterised by a poor berry colour, an attribute highly demanded by the consumer. The aim of this research was to elucidate the effect of a preharvest OA treatment (5 mM) on berry colour and quality of table grape by investigating its role in berry development, on-vine ripening, and postharvest senescence. We found that OA significantly increased abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA glucose ester (ABA-GE) content in treated berries. This increase was mediated by changes in the ABA biosynthetic pathway, specifically by the upregulation of the 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (VvNCED1) gene. The accumulation of ABA in treated berries resulted in colour improvement and a higher individual and total anthocyanins content at harvest compared with control; whereas at harvest, OA-treated table grapes showed a significantly lower glucose and fructose content and a higher content of tartaric, ascorbic, and succinic acids. Furthermore, antioxidant enzyme activity was increased during berry development in OA-treated berries. On the other hand, those berries treated with OA showed a delay in loss of firmness and colour during cold storage, as well as less susceptibility to postharvest decay incidence. This effect of OA delaying the senescence process was also related to enzymatic antioxidant system stimulation. For the first time, the role of OA on increasing quality, mainly colour, in table grapes was elucidated, highlighting that this treatment upregulated ABA metabolism, relative VvNCED1 gene expression and antioxidant system, delaying postharvest berry senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María J. Giménez
- Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Fabián Guillén
- Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Leon A. Terry
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - M. Carmen Alamar
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro J. Zapata
- Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
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19
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Yang H, Wu Y, Wu W, Lyu L, Li W. Transcriptomic analysis of blackberry plant (Rubus spp.) reveals a comprehensive metabolic network involved in fruit ripening process. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Monder H, Maillard M, Chérel I, Zimmermann SD, Paris N, Cuéllar T, Gaillard I. Adjustment of K + Fluxes and Grapevine Defense in the Face of Climate Change. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10398. [PMID: 34638737 PMCID: PMC8508874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops due to the high value of its fruit and its importance in winemaking. The current decrease in grape berry quality and production can be seen as the consequence of various abiotic constraints imposed by climate changes. Specifically, produced wines have become too sweet, with a stronger impression of alcohol and fewer aromatic qualities. Potassium is known to play a major role in grapevine growth, as well as grape composition and wine quality. Importantly, potassium ions (K+) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of the berry loading process during ripening. Moreover, K+ has also been implicated in various defense mechanisms against abiotic stress. The first part of this review discusses the main negative consequences of the current climate, how they disturb the quality of grape berries at harvest and thus ultimately compromise the potential to obtain a great wine. In the second part, the essential electrical and osmotic functions of K+, which are intimately dependent on K+ transport systems, membrane energization, and cell K+ homeostasis, are presented. This knowledge will help to select crops that are better adapted to adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein Monder
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Morgan Maillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Sabine Dagmar Zimmermann
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Nadine Paris
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Teresa Cuéllar
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
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21
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Chen T, Zhang Z, Li B, Qin G, Tian S. Molecular basis for optimizing sugar metabolism and transport during fruit development. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:330-340. [PMID: 36303881 PMCID: PMC9590571 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sugars are fundamental metabolites synthesized in leaves and further delivered to fruit in fruit crops. They not only provide "sweetness" as fruit quality traits, but also function as signaling molecules to modulate the responses of fruit to environmental stimuli. Therefore, the understanding to the molecular basis for sugar metabolism and transport is crucial for improving fruit quality and dissecting responses to abiotic/biotic factors. Here, we provide a review for molecular components involved in sugar metabolism and transport, crosstalk with hormone signaling, and the roles of sugars in responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Moreover, we also envisage the strategies for optimizing sugar metabolism during fruit quality maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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22
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RNAseq reveals different transcriptomic responses to GA 3 in early and midseason varieties before ripening initiation in sweet cherry fruits. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13075. [PMID: 34158527 PMCID: PMC8219793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) negatively affects color evolution and other ripening-related processes in non-climacteric fruits. The bioactive GA, gibberellic acid (GA3), is commonly applied at the light green-to-straw yellow transition to increase firmness and delay ripening in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), though causing different effects depending on the variety. Recently, we reported that GA3 delayed the IAD parameter (a ripening index) in a mid-season variety, whereas GA3 did not delay IAD but reduced it at ripeness in an early-season variety. To further explore this contrasting behavior between varieties, we analyzed the transcriptomic responses to GA3 applied on two sweet cherry varieties with different maturity time phenotypes. At harvest, GA3 produced fruits with less color in both varieties. Similar to our previous report, GA3 delayed fruit color initiation and IAD only in the mid-season variety and reduced IAD at harvest only in the early-season variety. RNA-seq analysis of control- and GA3-treated fruits revealed that ripening-related categories were overrepresented in the early-season variety, including 'photosynthesis' and 'auxin response'. GA3 also changed the expression of carotenoid and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes in this variety. In contrast, overrepresented categories in the mid-season variety were mainly related to metabolic processes. In this variety, some PP2Cs putative genes were positively regulated by GA3, which are negative regulators of ABA responses, and MYB44-like genes (putative repressors of PP2Cs expression) were downregulated. These results show that GA3 differentially modulates the transcriptome at the onset of ripening in a variety-dependent manner and suggest that GA3 impairs ripening through the modification of ripening associated gene expression only in the early-season variety; whereas in the mid-season variety, control of the ripening timing may occur through the PP2C gene expression regulation. This work contributes to the understanding of the role of GA in non-climacteric fruit ripening.
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23
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Kong J, Wu J, Guan L, Hilbert G, Delrot S, Fan P, Liang Z, Wu B, Matus JT, Gomès E, Dai Z. Metabolite analysis reveals distinct spatio-temporal accumulation of anthocyanins in two teinturier variants of cv. 'Gamay' grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). PLANTA 2021; 253:84. [PMID: 33788027 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
White-fleshed grape cv. 'Gamay' and its two teinturier variants presented distinct spatial-temporal accumulation of anthocyanins, with uncoupled accumulation of sugars and anthocyanins in 'Gamay Fréaux'. In most red grape cultivars, anthocyanins accumulate exclusively in the berry skin, while 'teinturier' cultivars also accumulate anthocyanins in the pulp. Here, we investigated the teinturier cvs. 'Gamay de Bouze' and 'Gamay Fréaux' (two somatic variants of the white-fleshed cv. 'Gamay') through metabolic and transcript analysis to clarify whether these two somatic variants have the same anthocyanin accumulation pattern in the skin and pulp, and whether primary metabolites are also affected. The skin of the three cultivars and the pulp of 'Gamay de Bouze' begun to accumulate anthocyanins at the onset of berry ripening. However, the pulp of 'Gamay Fréaux' exhibited a distinct anthocyanin accumulation pattern, starting as early as fruit set with very low level of sugars. The highest level of anthocyanins was found in 'Gamay Fréaux' skin, followed by 'Gamay de Bouze' and 'Gamay'. Consistently, the transcript abundance of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were in line with the anthocyanin levels in the three cultivars. Despite no evident differences in pulp sugar content, the concentration of glucose and fructose in the skin of 'Gamay Fréaux' was only half of those in the skin of 'Gamay' and 'Gamay de Bouze' throughout all berry ripening, suggesting an uncoupled accumulation of sugars and anthocyanins in 'Gamay Fréaux'. The study provides a comprehensive view of metabolic consequences in grape somatic variants and the three almost isogenic genotypes can serve as ideal reagents to further uncover the mechanisms underlying the linkage between sugar and anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jing Wu
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Science Agro, INRAE, ISVV, 33882, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Le Guan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University/ Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ghislaine Hilbert
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Science Agro, INRAE, ISVV, 33882, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Serge Delrot
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Science Agro, INRAE, ISVV, 33882, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Benhong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna, 46908, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eric Gomès
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Science Agro, INRAE, ISVV, 33882, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Huang T, Yu D, Wang X. VvWRKY22 transcription factor interacts with VvSnRK1.1/VvSnRK1.2 and regulates sugar accumulation in grape. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 554:193-198. [PMID: 33798947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest transcriptional regulator families, involved in various signaling networks in plants. However, only limited functional exploration of the sugar signaling of Vitis vinifera WRKY22 transcription factor (VvWRKY22) has been conducted. In this study, the roles played by VvWRKY22 in sugar accumulation in grapes were investigated. VvWRKY22 was co-expressed with 16 sugar-related genes, and the expression of VvWRKY22 in grape suspension cells was inhibited by sucrose, and induced by fructose and abscisic acid (ABA). Results showed that over-expression of VvWRKY22 decreased the sucrose, glucose and fructose content, and regulated the expression levels of sugar and ABA-related genes. Moreover, it was found that VvWRKY22 interacted with VvSnRK1.1 or VvSnRK1.2 proteins (Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 1), which are important kinases related to sugar metabolism. These results, thus, provide new genetic evidences to support the view that VvWRKY22 functions in regulating sugar metabolism in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Dan Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiuqin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
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25
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Alferez F, de Carvalho DU, Boakye D. Interplay between Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins, as Related to Ethylene and Sugars, in Regulating Maturation of Non-Climacteric Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020669. [PMID: 33445409 PMCID: PMC7826998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we address the interaction between abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) in regulating non-climacteric fruit development and maturation at the molecular level. We review the interplay of both plant growth regulators in regulating these processes in several fruit of economic importance such as grape berries, strawberry, and citrus, and show how understanding this interaction has resulted in useful agronomic management techniques. We then relate the interplay of both hormones with ethylene and other endogenous factors, such as sugar signaling. We finally review the growing knowledge related to abscisic acid, gibberellins, and the genus Citrus. We illustrate why this woody genus can be considered as an emerging model plant for understanding hormonal circuits in regulating different processes, as most of the finest work on this matter in recent years has been performed by using different Citrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alferez
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Horticulture, University of Florida–Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF–IFAS), Immokalee, FL 34142, USA; (D.U.d.C.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +239-658-3426; Fax: +239-658-3403
| | - Deived Uilian de Carvalho
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Horticulture, University of Florida–Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF–IFAS), Immokalee, FL 34142, USA; (D.U.d.C.); (D.B.)
- AC Jardim Bandeirante, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Jardim Portal de Versalhes 1 86057970, Londrina/PR 10011, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boakye
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Horticulture, University of Florida–Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF–IFAS), Immokalee, FL 34142, USA; (D.U.d.C.); (D.B.)
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Kuhn N, Ponce C, Arellano M, Time A, Sagredo B, Donoso JM, Meisel LA. Gibberellic Acid Modifies the Transcript Abundance of ABA Pathway Orthologs and Modulates Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium) Fruit Ripening in Early- and Mid-Season Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1796. [PMID: 33352825 PMCID: PMC7767171 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several phytohormones modulate ripening in non-climacteric fruits, which is triggered by abscisic acid (ABA). Gibberellins (GAs) are present during the onset of ripening in sweet cherry fruits, and exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) application delays ripening, though this effect is variety-dependent. Although an ABA accumulation delay has been reported following GA3 treatment, the mechanism by which GA modulates this process has not been investigated at the molecular level in sweet cherry. Therefore, the aim of this work is to analyze the effect of GA3 on the fruit ripening process and the transcript levels of ABA pathway orthologs in two varieties having different maturity time phenotypes. The early-season variety had a rapid transition from yellow to pink fruit color, whereas pink color initiation took longer in the mid-season variety. GA3 increased the proportion of lighter colored fruits at ripeness in both varieties, but it produced a delay in IAD-a ripening index-only in the mid-season variety. This delay was accompanied by an increased transcript abundance of PavPP2Cs, which are putative negative regulators of the ABA pathway. On the other hand, the early-season variety had increased expression of PavCYP707A2-a putative ABA catabolic gene-, and reduced transcript levels of PavPP2Cs and SnRK2s after the GA3 treatment. Together these results show that GA modulates fruit ripening, exerting its action in part by interacting with the ABA pathway in sweet cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Kuhn
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340025, Chile;
| | - Claudio Ponce
- Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul 7830490, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Macarena Arellano
- Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul 7830490, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Alson Time
- Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul 7830490, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.); (A.T.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Campus Sur Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Boris Sagredo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Rayentué, Av. Salamanca s/n Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile; (B.S.); (J.M.D.)
| | - José Manuel Donoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Rayentué, Av. Salamanca s/n Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo 2940000, Chile; (B.S.); (J.M.D.)
| | - Lee A. Meisel
- Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul 7830490, Chile; (C.P.); (M.A.); (A.T.)
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Jia H, Zhang Z, Sadeghnezhad E, Pang Q, Li S, Pervaiz T, Su Z, Dong T, Fang J, Jia H. Demethylation alters transcriptome profiling of buds and leaves in 'Kyoho' grape. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:544. [PMID: 33276735 PMCID: PMC7716455 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape buds and leaves are directly associated with the physiology and metabolic activities of the plant, which is monitored by epigenetic modifications induced by environment and endogenous factors. Methylation is one of the epigenetic regulators that could be involved in DNA levels and affect gene expression in response to stimuli. Therefore, changes of gene expression profile in leaves and bud through inhibitors of DNA methylation provide a deep understanding of epigenetic effects in regulatory networks. RESULTS In this study, we carried out a transcriptome analysis of 'Kyoho' buds and leaves under 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) exposure and screened a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO and KEGG annotations showed that they are mainly involved in photosynthesis, flavonoid synthesis, glutathione metabolism, and other metabolic processes. Functional enrichment analysis also provided a holistic perspective on the transcriptome profile when 5-azaC bound to methyltransferase and induced demethylation. Enrichment analysis of transcription factors (TFs) also showed that the MYB, C2H2, and bHLH families are involved in the regulation of responsive genes under epigenetic changes. Furthermore, hormone-related genes have also undergone significant changes, especially gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA)-related genes that responded to bud germination. We also used protein-protein interaction network to determine hub proteins in response to demethylation. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into the establishment of molecular regulatory networks according to how methylation as an epigenetic modification alters transcriptome patterns in bud and leaves of grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shangyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tariq Pervaiz
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziwen Su
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Haifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Yinchuan, China.
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28
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VanderWeide J, Tombesi S, Castellarin SD, Sabbatini P. Canopy architecture and fruit microclimate, not ripening-related phytohormones, control phenylpropanoid accumulation in response to early leaf removal in 'Merlot' (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:291-302. [PMID: 33157421 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Early leaf removal (ELR) applied in the grapevine cluster zone at bloom or pre-bloom (PB) is a vineyard practice commonly utilized to reduce fruit disease and yield. In addition, the literature reports that ELR enhances fruit quality, however, little research has deciphered the potential factors regulating this response. In this work, the objective was to understand whether the increase in fruit quality in response to manual or mechanical leaf removal is due to changes in fruit-zone microclimate, vine physiology, or ripening/stress related hormone biosynthesis. In 'Merlot' (Vitis vinifera L.) vines, 60% of leaf area was removed from shoots in three ways: 1) manual removal of 5 leaves (PB-MA), 2) mechanical removal (PB-ME), and 3) simulated mechanical removal (PB-SIM), which was implemented by removing the distal portion of leaves on the first eight nodes to understand whether PB-ME improves fruit quality via enhanced microclimate conditions or plant stress. Yield was reduced in PB-ME and PB-SIM, while total soluble solids was not different at harvest; meaning that ELR decreased the partitioning of carbohydrates to fruit. Anthocyanins and flavonols were enhanced by PB-ME, however neither ABA nor ethylene were similarly altered. Instead, the leaf area at nodes above the fruit-zone was lower in PB-ME compared to non-defoliated ones, which increased post-veraison fruit temperature (+2.8 °C). These parameters correlated with anthocyanins at harvest. In conclusion, skin phenylpropanoid concentrations were influenced by canopy density above the fruit-zone. Additionally, ripening-related phytohormones were not involved in the response of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in vine subjected to ELR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua VanderWeide
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sergio Tombesi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 20122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Simone D Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Paolo Sabbatini
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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29
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Lv J, Pang Q, Chen X, Li T, Fang J, Lin S, Jia H. Transcriptome analysis of strawberry fruit in response to exogenous arginine. PLANTA 2020; 252:82. [PMID: 33040169 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome and physiological analysis showed that exogenous arginine can delay the ripening process of postharvest strawberry fruit. Arginine (Arg) plays an important role in the growth and development of plants, but its growth and development regulatory mechanisms in strawberry fruit are unknown. In this study, we found that the content of Arg decreased after the onset of fruit coloration and exogenous Arg inhibited fruit coloration. We comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome of 'Sweet Charlie' strawberry fruit with or without Arg treatment and identified a large number of differential genes and metabolites. Based on the transcriptome data, we also found that Arg inhibited ripening, which coincided with changes in several physiological parameters and their corresponding gene transcripts, including firmness, anthocyanin content, sugar content, Arg content, indole-acetic acid (IAA) content, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and ethylene emissions. We also found that Arg induced the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and antioxidant enzyme genes, which improved strawberry stress resistance. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism by which exogenous Arg delays strawberry fruit ripening, providing some genetic information to help guide the future improvement and cultivation of strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Lv
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Durán-Soria S, Pott DM, Osorio S, Vallarino JG. Sugar Signaling During Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:564917. [PMID: 32983216 PMCID: PMC7485278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.564917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugars play a key role in fruit quality, as they directly influence taste, and thus consumer acceptance. Carbohydrates are the main resources needed by the plant for carbon and energy supply and have been suggested to be involved in all the important developmental processes, including embryogenesis, seed germination, stress responses, and vegetative and reproductive growth. Recently, considerable progresses have been made in understanding regulation of fruit ripening mechanisms, based on the role of ethylene, auxins, abscisic acid, gibberellins, or jasmonic acid, in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. However, the role of sugar and its associated molecular network with hormones in the control of fruit development and ripening is still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on sugar signaling mechanisms described up to date in fruits, describing their involvement in ripening-associated processes, such as pigments accumulation, and their association with hormone transduction pathways, as well as their role in stress-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonia Osorio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - José G. Vallarino
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
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31
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Gambetta GA, Herrera JC, Dayer S, Feng Q, Hochberg U, Castellarin SD. The physiology of drought stress in grapevine: towards an integrative definition of drought tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4658-4676. [PMID: 32433735 PMCID: PMC7410189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Water availability is arguably the most important environmental factor limiting crop growth and productivity. Erratic precipitation patterns and increased temperatures resulting from climate change will likely make drought events more frequent in many regions, increasing the demand on freshwater resources and creating major challenges for agriculture. Addressing these challenges through increased irrigation is not always a sustainable solution so there is a growing need to identify and/or breed drought-tolerant crop varieties in order to maintain sustainability in the context of climate change. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera), a major fruit crop of economic importance, has emerged as a model perennial fruit crop for the study of drought tolerance. This review synthesizes the most recent results on grapevine drought responses, the impact of water deficit on fruit yield and composition, and the identification of drought-tolerant varieties. Given the existing gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying grapevine drought responses, we aim to answer the following question: how can we move towards a more integrative definition of grapevine drought tolerance?
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Gambetta
- EGFV, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jose Carlos Herrera
- Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Silvina Dayer
- EGFV, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Quishuo Feng
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Uri Hochberg
- ARO Volcani Center, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Simone D Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Correspondence: or
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32
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Griesser M, Savoi S, Supapvanich S, Dobrev P, Vankova R, Forneck A. Phytohormone profiles are strongly altered during induction and symptom development of the physiological ripening disorder berry shrivel in grapevine. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:141-157. [PMID: 32072393 PMCID: PMC7170833 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The process of grape berry ripening follows three phases with distinct metabolic processes and complex regulations via phytohormones. The physiological ripening disorder berry shrivel (BS) is characterized by reduced sugar accumulation, low anthocyanin contents, and high acidity in affected berries. The processes leading to BS induction are unknown, but recent transcriptional data on reduced expression of switch genes hint towards a disturbed ripening onset. Herein we investigated the phytohormone composition throughout grape berry ripening in healthy and BS berries in Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Blauer Zweigelt. Thereby we hypothesize that phytohormones are key players for BS induction and suppress the expression of switch genes at veraison. The presented metabolomics and RNAseq data describe two distinct phytohormone profiles in BS berries, differing between pre- and post-veraison with a clear ethylene precursor (aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC) peak before veraison. Exogenous application of ACC led to BS symptoms, while ethephone application led to berry abscission. During post-veraison, we observed high ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE) and low indole-3-acetate aspartate (IAA-Asp) and isopentenyladenine (iP) contents in BS berries and the transcriptional induction of several phytohormone pathways. The presented descriptive data provide valuable knowledge to further decipher the role of phytohormones in BS induction and BS symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Griesser
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefania Savoi
- AGAP, Montpellier University, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Suriyan Supapvanich
- Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Astrid Forneck
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Vienna, Austria
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33
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Yu M, Chen JC, Qu JZ, Liu F, Zhou M, Ma YM, Xiang SY, Pan XX, Zhang HB, Yang MZ. Exposure to endophytic fungi quantitatively and compositionally alters anthocyanins in grape cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:144-152. [PMID: 32066082 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins contribute greatly to the organoleptic and biochemical properties of grapes and wines. Although there are broadly documented factors involved in grape anthocyanin synthesis, the present work focused on fungal endophytes and their possible role in grape coloration. Our results showed that exposure to endophytic fungi within a dual culture system differentially affected total anthocyanin concentrations and PAL activities in grape cells. Grape cells dual cultured with fungal strains XH-2, R2-21 and B2-17 showed significant differences of their anthocyanin concentrations were subjected to further analysis of their anthocyanidin compositions. Compared to the no-fungus controls, grape cells exposed to fungal strains XH-2 and R2-21 exhibited quantitative promotion of their total anthocyanidin concentrations by 74% and 28%, respectively, whereas treatment with the fungus B2-17 reduced the anthocyanidin content by 19%. A total of 14 species of anthocyanidins were detected from the grape cells in these experiments. Most interestingly, exposure to any of these fungal strains differentially modified the compositional patterns of grape cellular anthocyanidins. The obvious upregulation of the transcription of VvMYB in grape cells treated with fungal strains XH-2 and R2-21 implies that the increased anthocyanin levels in these grape cells may be due to the activated transcriptional factors. In addition, the exposure of grape cells to extracts of these fungi initiated similar responses of anthocyanin contents and PAL activities to exposure to the living fungi and appeared obvious dosage effects. The influence of fungal endophytes on the coloration of grape berries was also examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yu
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
| | - Jing-Chao Chen
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
| | - Jin-Zhuo Qu
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
| | - Ming Zhou
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
| | - Yin-Min Ma
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
| | - Si-Yu Xiang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
| | - Xiao-Xia Pan
- School of Agronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
| | - Han-Bo Zhang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
| | - Ming-Zhi Yang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
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ABA and sucrose co-regulate strawberry fruit ripening and show inhibition of glycolysis. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 295:421-438. [PMID: 31807909 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) and sucrose play an important role in strawberry fruit ripening, but how ABA and sucrose co-regulate this ripening progress remains unclear. The intention of this study was to examine the effect of ABA and sucrose on strawberry fruit ripening and to evaluate the ABA/sucrose interaction mechanism on the strawberry fruit ripening process. Here, we report that there is an acute synergistic effect between ABA and sucrose in accelerating strawberry fruit ripening. The time frame of fruit development and ripening was shortened after the application of ABA, sucrose, and ABA + sucrose, but most of the major quality parameters in treated-ripe fruit, including fruit weight, total soluble solids, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid, the total phenolic content, lightness (L*), chroma (C*), and hue angle (h°) values were not affected. Meanwhile, the endogenous ABA and sucrose levels, and the expression of ABA and sucrose signaling genes and ripening-related genes, such as NCED1, NCED2, SnRK2.2, SuSy, MYB5, CEL1, and CEL2, was all significantly enhanced by ABA or sucrose treatment alone, but in particular, by the ABA + sucrose treatment. Therefore, improving the ripening regulation efficiency is one synergetic action of ABA/sucrose. Another synergetic action of ABA/sucrose shows that a short inhibition of glycolysis occurs during accelerated strawberry ripening. ABA and sucrose can induce higher accumulation of H2O2, leading to a transient decrease in glycolysis. Conversely, lower endogenous H2O2 levels caused by reduced glutathione (GSH) treatment resulted in a transient increase in glycolysis while delaying strawberry fruit ripening. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the ABA/sucrose interaction affects the ripening regulation efficiency and shows inhibition of glycolysis.
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Pagliarani C, Boccacci P, Chitarra W, Cosentino E, Sandri M, Perrone I, Mori A, Cuozzo D, Nerva L, Rossato M, Zuccolotto P, Pezzotti M, Delledonne M, Mannini F, Gribaudo I, Gambino G. Distinct Metabolic Signals Underlie Clone by Environment Interplay in "Nebbiolo" Grapes Over Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1575. [PMID: 31867031 PMCID: PMC6904956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Several research studies were focused to understand how grapevine cultivars respond to environment; nevertheless, the biological mechanisms tuning this phenomenon need to be further deepened. Particularly, the molecular processes underlying the interplay between clones of the same cultivar and environment were poorly investigated. To address this issue, we analyzed the transcriptome of berries from three "Nebbiolo" clones grown in different vineyards, during two ripening seasons. RNA-sequencing data were implemented with analyses of candidate genes, secondary metabolites, and agronomical parameters. This multidisciplinary approach helped to dissect the complexity of clone × environment interactions, by identifying the molecular responses controlled by genotype, vineyard, phenological phase, or a combination of these factors. Transcripts associated to sugar signalling, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and transport were differently modulated among clones, according to changes in berry agronomical features. Conversely, genes involved in defense response, such as stilbene synthase genes, were significantly affected by vineyard, consistently with stilbenoid accumulation. Thus, besides at the cultivar level, clone-specific molecular responses also contribute to shape the agronomic features of grapes in different environments. This reveals a further level of complexity in the regulation of genotype × environment interactions that has to be considered for orienting viticultural practices aimed at enhancing the quality of grape productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Boccacci
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Centre of Viticultural and Enology Research (CREA-VE), Conegliano, Italy
| | | | - Marco Sandri
- DMS StatLab, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Danila Cuozzo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Nerva
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Centre of Viticultural and Enology Research (CREA-VE), Conegliano, Italy
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Zuccolotto
- Big&Open Data Innovation Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Franco Mannini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
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Wang J, Abbey T, Kozak B, Madilao LL, Tindjau R, Del Nin J, Castellarin SD. Evolution over the growing season of volatile organic compounds in Viognier (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes under three irrigation regimes. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Crupi P, Alba V, Masi G, Caputo AR, Tarricone L. Effect of two exogenous plant growth regulators on the color and quality parameters of seedless table grape berries. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108667. [PMID: 31732072 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Some red-pink table grape varieties, cultivated in warm climates, can fail in achieving the right level of anthocyanins responsible for the intense and uniform red color of berries. Nowadays, this is becoming an important technological issue in the Mediterranean area, which may result in decreasing market acceptance and potential economic value of table grape. Usually, plant growth regulators or phytohormones, such as S-ABA, can overcome this problem because they drive the accumulation of anthocyanins over the ripening season. Harpin proteins (HrP), which enhance the plant disease resistance, may be supposed to stimulate the anthocyanins biosynthesis in grape skin if applied close to veraison. Therefore, this research aimed at comparing the effect of HrP and S-ABA over the anthocyanin and color improvement of Crimson Seedless table grape grown in Southern Italy. For the first time, the exogenous treatment with HrP showed as effective as the less sustainable S-ABA one in favoring the anthocyanin accumulation, leading to peonidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside values up to 4 folds higher than control grapes and giving rise to a greater concentration of the more stable acylated anthocyanins. Overall, the color of berries was improved but keeping high the other quality characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Crupi
- CREA-VE, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via Casamassima, 148, 70010 Turi, BA, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Alba
- CREA-VE, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via Casamassima, 148, 70010 Turi, BA, Italy
| | - Gianvito Masi
- CREA-VE, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via Casamassima, 148, 70010 Turi, BA, Italy
| | - Angelo Raffaele Caputo
- CREA-VE, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via Casamassima, 148, 70010 Turi, BA, Italy
| | - Luigi Tarricone
- CREA-VE, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Via Casamassima, 148, 70010 Turi, BA, Italy
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Recent Advances in Hormonal Regulation and Cross-Talk during Non-Climacteric Fruit Development and Ripening. HORTICULTURAE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae5020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits are characterized by having a developmentally and genetically controlled, highly intricate ripening process, leading to dramatic modifications in fruit size, texture, color, flavor, and aroma. Climacteric fruits such as tomato, pear, banana, and melon show a ripening-associated increase in respiration and ethylene production and these processes are well-documented. In contrast, the hormonal mechanism of fruit development and ripening in non-climacteric fruit, such as strawberry, grape, raspberry, and citrus, is not well characterized. However, recent studies have shown that non-climacteric fruit development and ripening, involves the coordinated action of different hormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, gibberellins, ethylene, and others. In this review, we discuss and evaluate the recent research findings concerning the hormonal regulation of non-climacteric fruit development and ripening and their cross-talk by taking grape, strawberry, and raspberry as reference fruit species.
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Gao-Takai M, Katayama-Ikegami A, Matsuda K, Shindo H, Uemae S, Oyaizu M. A low temperature promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis but does not accelerate endogenous abscisic acid accumulation in red-skinned grapes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:165-176. [PMID: 31128686 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the concentrations of anthocyanins and endogenous plant hormones [abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, and cytokinin] were investigated using the detached berries of two related red-skinned cultivars cv. 'Aki Queen' and 'Ruby Roman' of the table grape Vitis labrusca L. × Vitis vinifera L. The total anthocyanin concentration of both cultivars was lower when exposed to high rather than low temperatures after véraison (the onset of ripening). However, the responses to temperature differed between the two cultivars, and anthocyanin accumulation could occur in 'Ruby Roman' at a higher temperature than in 'Aki Queen'. High temperatures increased the expression of VlMybA1-2 and VlMybA1-3, which encode myeloblastosis (MYB)-related transcription factors; however, the expression of the anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes uridine diphosphate-d-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase, flavonoid 3'5' hydroxylase, and flavonoid O-methyltransferase at different temperatures did not correspond with that of the expression of MybAs. The concentration of ABA and its derivatives increased under high temperatures, but that of auxin and cytokinin decreased. The observation that high temperatures induced the accumulation of ABA and expression of VlMybA1s but not the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes implied the operation of a mechanism different from up-regulation of anthocyanin synthesis by VlMybA1s in the temperature response of grape berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Gao-Takai
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan.
| | - Ayako Katayama-Ikegami
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuda
- Ishikawa Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, Agricultural Experiment Station, Sand Hill Place Agriculture Research Center, Kahoku 929-1126, Japan
| | - Hibiki Shindo
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Shintaro Uemae
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Miku Oyaizu
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
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40
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Savoi S, Herrera JC, Forneck A, Griesser M. Transcriptomics of the grape berry shrivel ripening disorder. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:285-301. [PMID: 30941542 PMCID: PMC6542784 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The lower expression at veraison of several ripening master regulators "switch genes" can play a central role in the induction of the berry shrivel ripening physiological disorder in grapevine. Berry shrivel (BS) is a ripening physiological disorder affecting grape berry with visible symptoms appearing after veraison. Berry shrivel leads to shrinking berries with a reduced weight and a lower content of sugars and anthocyanins. In this study, for the first time a transcriptomic analysis coupled with selected metabolites quantification was undertaken to understand the metabolic modifications induced by the disorder. Different stages of berry development were considered including pre- and symptomatic berries. No metabolic alterations in the berry transcriptome and in the metabolite content was observed in pre-symptomatic and pre-veraison samples. Interestingly, at veraison, with still not visible symptoms appearing on the berry, a subset of genes, called switch genes previously suggested as master regulators of the ripening onset in grape berries, were strongly lower expressed in BS. Later during the ripening phase and with visible symptoms of the disorder, more than 3000 genes were differentially expressed. The genes up-regulated were related to hormone biosynthesis, response to stress and the phenylpropanoid pathway, while the genes down-regulated during ripening belonged mainly to the flavonoid pathway, and the sugar metabolism. In agreement, BS berries showed lower content of sugars and anthocyanins from the onset of veraison onward, while the amount of acids was not significantly affected. In conclusion, these results highlight a pivotal role of the switch genes in grapevine ripening, as well as their possible contribution to induce the ripening disorder berry shrivel, although it remains unclear whether this is part of the cause or consequences of the BS disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Savoi
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Jose Carlos Herrera
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Astrid Forneck
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Michaela Griesser
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
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Zhang Z, Kang C, Zhang S, Li X. Transcript analyses reveal a comprehensive role of abscisic acid in modulating fruit ripening in Chinese jujube. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:189. [PMID: 31068143 PMCID: PMC6505321 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a non-climacteric fruit; however, the underlying mechanism of ripening and the role of abscisic acid involved in this process are not yet understood for this species. RESULTS In the present study, a positive correlation between dynamic changes in endogenous ABA and the onset of jujube ripening was determined. Transcript analyses suggested that the expression balance among genes encoding nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (ZjNCED3), ABA-8'-hydroxylase (ZjCYP707A2), and beta-glucosidase (ZjBG4, ZjBG5, ZjBG8, and ZjBG9) has an important role in maintaining ABA accumulation, while the expression of a receptor (ZjPYL8), protein phosphatase 2C (ZjPP2C4-8), and sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (ZjSnRK2-2 and ZjSnRK2-5) is important in regulating fruit sensitivity to ABA applications. In addition, white mature 'Dongzao' fruit were harvested and treated with 50 mg L- 1 ABA or 50 mg L- 1 nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) to explore the role of ABA in jujube fruit ripening. By comparative transcriptome analyses, 1103 and 505 genes were differentially expressed in response to ABA and NDGA applications on the 1st day after treatment, respectively. These DEGs were associated with photosynthesis, secondary, lipid, cell wall, and starch and sugar metabolic processes, suggesting the involvement of ABA in modulating jujube fruit ripening. Moreover, ABA also exhibited crosstalk with other phytohormones and transcription factors, indicating a regulatory network for jujube fruit ripening. CONCLUSIONS Our study further elucidated ABA-associated metabolic and regulatory processes. These findings are helpful for improving strategies for jujube fruit storage and for gaining insights into understand complex non-climacteric fruit ripening processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Chenxuan Kang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Forestry Administration of Linwei District, Weinan, 714000 Shaanxi China
| | - Xingang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Research Centre for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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Degu A, Hochberg U, Wong DCJ, Alberti G, Lazarovitch N, Peterlunger E, Castellarin SD, Herrera JC, Fait A. Swift metabolite changes and leaf shedding are milestones in the acclimation process of grapevine under prolonged water stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:69. [PMID: 30744556 PMCID: PMC6371445 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape leaves provide the biochemical substrates for berry development. Thus, understanding the regulation of grapevine leaf metabolism can aid in discerning processes fundamental to fruit development and berry quality. Here, the temporal alterations in leaf metabolism in Merlot grapevine grown under sufficient irrigation and water deficit were monitored from veraison until harvest. RESULTS The vines mediated water stress gradually and involving multiple strategies: osmotic adjustment, transcript-metabolite alteration and leaf shedding. Initially stomatal conductance and leaf water potential showed a steep decrease together with the induction of stress related metabolism, e.g. up-regulation of proline and GABA metabolism and stress related sugars, and the down-regulation of developmental processes. Later, progressive soil drying was associated with an incremental contribution of Ca2+ and sucrose to the osmotic adjustment concomitant with the initiation of leaf shedding. Last, towards harvest under progressive stress conditions following leaf shedding, incremental changes in leaf water potential were measured, while the magnitude of perturbation in leaf metabolism lessened. CONCLUSIONS The data present evidence that over time grapevine acclimation to water stress diversifies in temporal responses encompassing the alteration of central metabolism and gene expression, osmotic adjustments and reduction in leaf area. Together these processes mitigate leaf water stress and aid in maintaining the berry-ripening program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfaw Degu
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Uri Hochberg
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Intitute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization Rishon LeZion, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Darren C. J. Wong
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Giorgio Alberti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Naftali Lazarovitch
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
| | - Enrico Peterlunger
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Jose C. Herrera
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Aaron Fait
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
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Fasoli M, Richter CL, Zenoni S, Bertini E, Vitulo N, Dal Santo S, Dokoozlian N, Pezzotti M, Tornielli GB. Timing and Order of the Molecular Events Marking the Onset of Berry Ripening in Grapevine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1187-1206. [PMID: 30224433 PMCID: PMC6236592 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is a model for the investigation of physiological and biochemical changes during the formation and ripening of nonclimacteric fleshy fruits. However, the order and complexity of the molecular events during fruit development remain poorly understood. To identify the key molecular events controlling berry formation and ripening, we created a highly detailed transcriptomic and metabolomic map of berry development, based on samples collected every week from fruit set to maturity in two grapevine genotypes for three consecutive years, resulting in 219 samples. Major transcriptomic changes were represented by coordinated waves of gene expression associated with early development, veraison (onset of ripening)/midripening, and late-ripening and were consistent across vintages. The two genotypes were clearly distinguished by metabolite profiles and transcriptional changes occurring primarily at the veraison/midripening phase. Coexpression analysis identified a core network of transcripts as well as variations in the within-module connections representing varietal differences. By focusing on transcriptome rearrangements close to veraison, we identified two rapid and successive shared transitions involving genes whose expression profiles precisely locate the timing of the molecular reprogramming of berry development. Functional analyses of two transcription factors, markers of the first transition, suggested that they participate in a hierarchical cascade of gene activation at the onset of ripening. This study defined the initial transcriptional events that mark and trigger the onset of ripening and the molecular network that characterizes the whole process of berry development, providing a framework to model fruit development and maturation in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Zenoni
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertini
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Dal Santo
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Mario Pezzotti
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Chen Y, Grimplet J, David K, Castellarin SD, Terol J, Wong DCJ, Luo Z, Schaffer R, Celton JM, Talon M, Gambetta GA, Chervin C. Ethylene receptors and related proteins in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 276:63-72. [PMID: 30348329 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruits have been traditionally classified into two categories based on their capacity to produce and respond to ethylene during ripening. Fruits whose ripening is associated to a peak of ethylene production and a respiration burst are referred to as climacteric, while those that are not are referred to as non-climacteric. However, an increasing body of literature supports an important role for ethylene in the ripening of both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. Genome and transcriptomic data have become available across a variety of fruits and we leverage these data to compare the structure and transcriptional regulation of the ethylene receptors and related proteins. Through the analysis of four economically important fruits, two climacteric (tomato and apple), and two non-climacteric (grape and citrus), this review compares the structure and transcriptional regulation of the ethylene receptors and related proteins in both types of fruit, establishing a basis for the annotation of ethylene-related genes. This analysis reveals two interesting differences between climacteric and non-climacteric fruit: i) a higher number of ETR genes are found in climacteric fruits, and ii) non-climacteric fruits are characterized by an earlier ETR expression peak relative to sugar accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Université de Toulouse, Genomics & Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, ENSAT, BP 32607, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Departamento de Viticultura, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, Gobierno de la Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Karine David
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Simone Diego Castellarin
- University of British Columbia, Wine Research Centre, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Javier Terol
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Carretera CV-315, km 10,7, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Darren C J Wong
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Zhiwei Luo
- Plant & Food Research, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Robert Schaffer
- Plant & Food Research, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jean-Marc Celton
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRA, BP 60057, 49071 Beaucouze Cedex, France.
| | - Manuel Talon
- Centro de Genómica, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Carretera CV-315, km 10,7, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gregory Alan Gambetta
- Bordeaux Science Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, UMR 1287, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Christian Chervin
- Université de Toulouse, Genomics & Biotechnology of Fruits, INRA, Toulouse INP, ENSAT, BP 32607, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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45
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Leng F, Cao J, Wang S, Jiang L, Li X, Sun C. Transcriptomic Analyses of Root Restriction Effects on Phytohormone Content and Signal Transduction during Grape Berry Development and Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082300. [PMID: 30082597 PMCID: PMC6121528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones strongly influence growth, development and nutritional quality of agricultural products by modulating molecular and biochemical changes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of root restriction (RR) treatment on the dynamic changes of main phytohormones during the berry development and ripening of “Summer Black” early ripening seedless grape (Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca), and to analyze the changes in the biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways of phytohormones by transcriptomics. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) were used to quantify the phytohormone levels, and RNA-Seq was used to analyze the transcript abundance. The results showed that 23 transcripts involved in the phytohormone biosynthesis and 34 transcripts involved in the signal transduction pathways were significantly changed by RR treatment. RR also increased abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid levels, while decreasing auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin contents. The results of the present study suggest that RR treatment can accelerate the grape ripening process, and specific candidate genes were identified for further functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Leng
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jinping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shiping Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Ling Jiang
- Wujiang Research Institute of Grape, Jinhua 321017, China.
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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46
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Ferrero M, Pagliarani C, Novák O, Ferrandino A, Cardinale F, Visentin I, Schubert A. Exogenous strigolactone interacts with abscisic acid-mediated accumulation of anthocyanins in grapevine berries. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2391-2401. [PMID: 29401281 PMCID: PMC5913642 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Besides signalling to soil organisms, strigolactones (SLs) control above- and below-ground morphology, in particular shoot branching. Furthermore, SLs interact with stress responses, possibly thanks to a crosstalk with the abscisic acid (ABA) signal. In grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), ABA drives the accumulation of anthocyanins over the ripening season. In this study, we investigated the effects of treatment with a synthetic strigolactone analogue, GR24, on anthocyanin accumulation in grape berries, in the presence or absence of exogenous ABA treatment. Experiments were performed both on severed, incubated berries, and on berries attached to the vine. Furthermore, we analysed the corresponding transcript concentrations of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and in ABA biosynthesis, metabolism, and membrane transport. During the experiment time courses, berries showed the expected increase in soluble sugars and anthocyanins. GR24 treatment had no or little effect on anthocyanin accumulation, or on gene expression levels. Exogenous ABA treatment activated soluble sugar and anthocyanin accumulation, and enhanced expression of anthocyanin and ABA biosynthetic genes, and that of genes involved in ABA hydroxylation and membrane transport. Co-treatment of GR24 with ABA delayed anthocyanin accumulation, decreased expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, and negatively affected ABA concentration. GR24 also enhanced the ABA-induced activation of ABA hydroxylase genes, while it down-regulated the ABA-induced activation of ABA transport genes. Our results show that GR24 affects the ABA-induced activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in this non-climacteric fruit. We discuss possible mechanisms underlying this effect, and the potential role of SLs in ripening of non-ABA-treated berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ferrero
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ivan Visentin
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Andrea Schubert
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
- Correspondence:
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47
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Koyama R, Roberto SR, de Souza RT, Borges WFS, Anderson M, Waterhouse AL, Cantu D, Fidelibus MW, Blanco-Ulate B. Exogenous Abscisic Acid Promotes Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Increased Expression of Flavonoid Synthesis Genes in Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca Table Grapes in a Subtropical Region. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:323. [PMID: 29632542 PMCID: PMC5879125 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid (Vitis vinifera ×Vitis labrusca) table grape cultivars grown in the subtropics often fail to accumulate sufficient anthocyanins to achieve good uniform berry color. Growers of V. vinifera table grapes in temperate regions generally use ethephon and, more recently, (S)-cis-abscisic acid (S-ABA) to overcome this problem. The objective of this study was to determine if S-ABA applications at different timings and concentrations have an effect on anthocyanin regulatory and biosynthetic genes, pigment accumulation, and berry color of the Selection 21 cultivar, a new V. vinifera ×V. labrusca hybrid seedless grape that presents lack of red color when grown in subtropical areas. Applications of S-ABA 400 mg/L resulted in a higher accumulation of total anthocyanins and of the individual anthocyaninsanthocyanins: delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, and malvidin-3-glucoside in the berry skin and improved the color attributes of the berries. Treatment with two applications at 7 days after véraison (DAV) and 21 DAV of S-ABA 400 mg/L resulted in a higher accumulation of total anthocyanins in the skin of berries and increased the gene expression of CHI, F3H, DFR, and UFGT and of the VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 transcription factors in the seedless grape cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Koyama
- Department of Agronomy, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sergio R. Roberto
- Department of Agronomy, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sergio R. Roberto, Barbara Blanco-Ulate,
| | | | | | - Mauri Anderson
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Andrew L. Waterhouse
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Matthew W. Fidelibus
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Barbara Blanco-Ulate
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sergio R. Roberto, Barbara Blanco-Ulate,
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48
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Simple on package indicator label for monitoring of grape ripening process using colorimetric pH sensor. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Olivares D, Contreras C, Muñoz V, Rivera S, González-Agüero M, Retamales J, Defilippi BG. Relationship among color development, anthocyanin and pigment-related gene expression in 'Crimson Seedless' grapes treated with abscisic acid and sucrose. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:286-297. [PMID: 28412633 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
'Crimson Seedless' is one of the most important table grape varieties in Chile, but under certain environmental conditions, the fruit exhibits inadequate red color development, causing economic losses due to lower product quality. The use of plant growth regulators, such as abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene, during development increases the anthocyanin content of the skin, improving the color of the berry. Recently, sucrose has been identified as a signaling molecule capable of regulating the expression of genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of application of ABA and/or sucrose on color development and their relationship with anthocyanin metabolism. Applications of ABA (400 ppm or 200 ppm) and/or sucrose (90 mM) were performed close to the véraison stage. During development and at harvest, quality attributes such as berry firmness, total soluble solids and titratable acidity were not affected by these treatments. Increased red color development was observed in fruits treated with ABA and/or sucrose, due to accumulation of anthocyanins. Fruits subjected to sucrose treatment showed higher levels of anthocyanins than untreated fruits but lower levels than fruits treated with ABA. Increased expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis was observed in ABA- and sucrose-treated fruits compared to untreated fruits. Based on these findings, we demonstrated that sucrose improved fruit color development by increasing synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins, thus allowing earlier harvests and improving table grape quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Olivares
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Contreras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victoria Muñoz
- Universidad Santo Tomás, Facultad de Ciencias, Ejército 217, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Bruno G Defilippi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA-La Platina, Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago, Chile.
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50
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Wang XQ, Zheng LL, Lin H, Yu F, Sun LH, Li LM. Grape hexokinases are involved in the expression regulation of sucrose synthase- and cell wall invertase-encoding genes by glucose and ABA. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:61-78. [PMID: 28247243 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase (HXK, EC 2.7.1.1) is a multifunctional protein that both is involved in catalyzing the first step of glycolysis and plays an important role in sugar signaling. However, the supporting genetic evidence on hexokinases (CsHXKs) from grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) berries has been lacking. Here, to investigate the role of CsHXK isoforms as glucose (Glc) and abscisic acid (ABA) sensors, we cloned two hexokinase isozymes, CsHXK1 and CsHXK2 with highly conserved genomic structure of nine exons and eight introns. We also found adenosine phosphate binding, substrate recognition and connection sites in their putative proteins. During grape berry development, the expression profiles of two CsHXK isoforms, sucrose synthases (SuSys) and cell wall invertase (CWINV) genes increased concomitantly with high levels of endogenous Glc and ABA. Furthermore, we showed that in wild type grape berry calli (WT), glucose repressed the expression levels of sucrose synthase (SuSy) and cell wall invertase (CWINV) genes, while ABA increased their expression levels. ABA could not only effectively improve the expression levels of SuSy and CWINV, but also block the repression induced by glucose on the expression of both genes. However, after silencing CsHXK1 or CsHXK2 in grape calli, SuSy and CWINV expression were enhanced, and the expressions of the two genes are insensitive in response to Glc treatment. Interestingly, exogenous ABA alone could not or less increase SuSy and CWINV expression in silencing CsHXK1 or CsHXK2 grape calli compared to WT. Meantime, ABA could not block the repression induced by glucose on the expression of SuSy and CWINV in CsHXK1 or CsHXK2 mutants. Therefore, Glc signal transduction depends on the regulation of CsHXK1 or CsHXK2. ABA signal was also disturbed by CsHXK1 or CsHXK2 silencing. The present results provide new insights into the regulatory role of Glc and ABA on the enzymes related to sugar metabolism in grape berry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road No 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Li-Li Zheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road No 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Lin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road No 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road No 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li-Hui Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road No 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li-Mei Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road No 17, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
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