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Fryer E, Martin RM, Haycock P, Yarmolinsky J. Investigating the causal effect of previously reported therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer prevention: protocol for a Mendelian randomization analysis. Wellcome Open Res 2024; 9:30. [PMID: 38911899 PMCID: PMC11190651 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.20861.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with 1.9 million new cases in 2020 and a predicted rise to 3.2 million in 2040. Screening programmes are already in place to aid early detection and secondary prevention of CRC, but the rising prevalence means additional approaches are required in both primary and secondary prevention settings. Preventive therapy, whereby natural or synthetic agents are used to prevent, reverse or delay disease development, could be an effective strategy to further reduce cancer risk and potential agents have already been identified in conventional observational studies. However, as such studies are vulnerable to confounding and reverse causation, we aim to evaluate these observed relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR), an alternative causal inference approach which should be less susceptible to these biases. Methods and analysis We will use two-sample MR, which uses two independent samples for the exposure and outcome data, to investigate previously reported observational associations of multiple potential preventive agents with CRC risk. We define preventive agents as any synthetic (e.g. approved medication) or natural (e.g. micronutrient, endogenous hormone) molecule used to reduce the risk of cancer. We will first extract potential preventive agents that have been previously linked to CRC risk in observational studies from reviews of the literature. We will then evaluate whether we can develop a genetic instrument for each preventive agent from previously published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of direct measures of molecular traits (e.g. circulating levels of protein drug targets, blood-based biomarkers of dietary vitamins). The summary statistics from these GWASs, and a large GWAS of CRC, will be used in two-sample MR analyses to investigate the causal effect of putative preventive therapy agents on CRC risk. Sensitivity analyses will be conducted to evaluate the robustness of findings to potential violations of MR assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Fryer
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 2BN, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Philip Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - James Yarmolinsky
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England, W2 1PG, UK
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Luo P, Guo R, Gao D, Zhang Q. Causal relationship between sex hormones and cutaneous melanoma: a two-sample Mendelian randomized study. Melanoma Res 2024:00008390-990000000-00153. [PMID: 38842104 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the genetic aspects of the relationship between sex hormones and cutaneous melanoma risk, providing valuable insights into this complex association. METHODS In this study, we used estradiol, bioavailable testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and total testosterone as the exposure and melanoma as the outcome for two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. In this study, a random-effects inverse-variance weighting (IVW) model was used as the main analysis model, and the corresponding weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and Mendelian randomization‒Egger methods were used as supplementary methods. We assessed both heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy in our study, scrutinizing whether the analysis results were affected by any individual single nucleotide polymorphism. RESULTS The random-effects IVW method indicated that estradiol [odds ratio (OR), 1.000; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.998-1.003; P = 0.658], bioavailable testosterone (OR = 1.001, 95% CI, 0.999-1.003; P = 0.294), sex hormone-binding globulin (IVW: OR, 1.000; 95% CI, 0.998-1.003; P = 0.658), and total testosterone (IVW: OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 0.999-1.005; P = 0.135) were not genetically linked to cutaneous melanoma. No analyses exhibited heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, or deviations. CONCLUSION We were unable to find genetic evidence for a causal relationship between sex hormones and the occurrence of cutaneous melanoma in this study. These results are limited by sample size and population, so the causal relationship between sex hormones and cutaneous melanoma needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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3
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Nguyen KT, Xu H, Gaynor B, Adebamowo SN, McArdle PF, O'Connor T, Worrall B, Malik R, Boncoraglio GB, Zand R, Kittner SJ, Mitchell BD. The Impact of Conventional Stroke Risk Factors on Early and Late Onset Ischemic Stroke: a Mendelian Randomization Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.31.24308308. [PMID: 38853993 PMCID: PMC11160856 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.24308308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Objective Although stroke incidence is decreasing in older ages, it is increasing in young adults. While these divergent trends in stroke incidence are at least partially attributable to diverging prevalence trends in stoke risk factors, age-dependent differences in the impact of stroke risk factors on stroke may also contribute. To address this issue, we utilized Mendelian Randomization (MR) to assess differences in the association of stroke risk factors between early onset ischemic stroke (EOS) and late onset ischemic stroke (LOS). Methods We employed a two-sample MR design with inverse variance weighting as the primary method of analysis. Using large publicly available genome-wide association summary results, we calculated MR estimates for conventional stroke risk factors (body mass index, total, HDL-and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, type 2 diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and smoking) in EOS cases (onset 18-59 years, n = 6,728) and controls from the Early Onset Stroke Consortium and in LOS cases (onset ≥ 60 years, n = 9,272) and controls from the Stroke Genetics Network. We then compared odds ratios between EOS and LOS, stratified by TOAST subtypes, to determine if any differences observed between effect sizes could be attributed to differences in the distribution of stroke subtypes. Results EOS was significantly associated with all risk factors except for total cholesterol levels, and LOS was associated with all risk factors except for triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. The associations of BMI, DBP, SBP, and HDL-cholesterol were significantly stronger in EOS than LOS (all p < 0.004). The differential distribution of stroke subtypes could not explain the difference in effect size observed between EOS and LOS. Conclusion These results suggest that interventions targeted at lowering body mass index and blood pressure may be particularly important for reducing stroke risk in young adults.
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Wang K, Zhang B, Li M, Duan H, Jiang Z, Gao S, Chen J, Fang S. Evaluation of the causal effects of immune cells on ischemic stroke: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374350. [PMID: 38855113 PMCID: PMC11157000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease caused by various factors, and its etiology remains inadequately understood. The role of immune system dysfunction in IS has been increasingly recognized. Our objective was to evaluate whether circulating immune cells causally impact IS risk. Methods We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to evaluate the causal effects of 731 immune cell traits on IS, utilizing publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics for 731 immune cell traits as exposure data, and two GWAS statistics for IS as outcome data. A set of sensitivity analyses, including Cochran's Q test, I 2 statistics, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses, were performed to assess the robustness of the results. Additionally, meta-analyses were conducted to combine the results from the two different IS datasets. Finally, we extracted instrumental variables of immune cell traits with causal effects on IS in both IS datasets for SNP annotation. Results A total of 41 and 35 immune cell traits were identified to have significant causal effects on IS based on two different IS datasets, respectively. Among them, the immune cell trait CD62L- plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell AC and CD4+ CD8dim T cell%leukocyte respectively served as risk factor and protective element in both IS datasets. The robustness of the causal effects was confirmed through the sensitivity analyses. The results of the meta-analyses further support the causal effects of CD62L- plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell AC (pooled OR=1.030, 95%CI: 1.011-1.049, P=0.002) and CD4+ CD8dim T cell%leukocyte (pooled OR=0.959, 95%CI: 0.935-0.984, P=0.001). Based on these two immune cell traits, 33 genes that may be related to the causal effects were mapped. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the potential causal effects of circulating immune cells on IS, providing valuable insights for future studies aimed at preventing IS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shaokuan Fang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Vabistsevits M, Davey Smith G, Richardson TG, Richmond RC, Sieh W, Rothstein JH, Habel LA, Alexeeff SE, Lloyd-Lewis B, Sanderson E. Mammographic density mediates the protective effect of early-life body size on breast cancer risk. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4021. [PMID: 38740751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The unexplained protective effect of childhood adiposity on breast cancer risk may be mediated via mammographic density (MD). Here, we investigate a complex relationship between adiposity in childhood and adulthood, puberty onset, MD phenotypes (dense area (DA), non-dense area (NDA), percent density (PD)), and their effects on breast cancer. We use Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR to estimate the total and direct effects of adiposity and age at menarche on MD phenotypes. Childhood adiposity has a decreasing effect on DA, while adulthood adiposity increases NDA. Later menarche increases DA/PD, but when accounting for childhood adiposity, this effect is attenuated. Next, we examine the effect of MD on breast cancer risk. DA/PD have a risk-increasing effect on breast cancer across all subtypes. The MD SNPs estimates are heterogeneous, and additional analyses suggest that different mechanisms may be linking MD and breast cancer. Finally, we evaluate the role of MD in the protective effect of childhood adiposity on breast cancer. Mediation MR analysis shows that 56% (95% CIs [32%-79%]) of this effect is mediated via DA. Our finding suggests that higher childhood adiposity decreases mammographic DA, subsequently reducing breast cancer risk. Understanding this mechanism is important for identifying potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vabistsevits
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, UK.
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, UK.
| | - George Davey Smith
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, UK
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom G Richardson
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, UK
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, UK
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, New York, NY, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, New York, NY, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laurel A Habel
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- University of Bristol, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Bristol, UK
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- University of Bristol, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol, UK
- University of Bristol, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
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Xu L, Li H, Liu B, Han X, Sun H. Systemic Inflammatory Regulators Associated with Osteoporosis: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:490-501. [PMID: 38528199 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
To elucidate the precise upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms of inflammatory factors in osteoporosis (OP) progression and to establish a causal relationship between inflammatory factors and OP. We conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using data for 41 cytokines obtained from three independent cohorts comprising 8293 Finnish individuals. Estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) data were derived from 426,824 UK Biobank White British individuals (55% female) and fracture data from 416,795 UK Biobank participants of European ancestry. The inverse variance-weighted method was the primary MR analysis approach. We employed other methods as complementary approaches for mutual corroboration. To test for pleiotropy and heterogeneity, we used the MR-Egger regression, MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier global test, and the Cochrane Q test. Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and interleukin (IL)-12p70 expression associated negatively and causally with eBMD (β = -0.017 [MIP-1α], β = -0.011 [IL-12p70]). Conversely, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand was associated with a decreased risk of fractures (Odds Ratio: 0.980). Additionally, OP influenced the expression of multiple inflammatory factors, including growth-regulated oncogene-α, interferon-gamma, IL-6, beta nerve growth factor, and IL-2. Finally, we discovered complex bidirectional causal relationships between IL-8, IL-10, and OP. Specific inflammatory factors may contribute to OP development or may be causally affected by OP. We identified a bidirectional causal relationship between certain inflammatory factors and OP. These findings provide new perspectives for early prediction and targeted treatment of OP. Larger cohort studies are necessary in the future to further validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Haibiao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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Visontay R, Mewton L, Sunderland M, Chapman C, Slade T. Is low-level alcohol consumption really health-protective? A critical review of approaches to promote causal inference and recent applications. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:771-780. [PMID: 38643426 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Heavy and disordered alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for several health conditions and is associated with considerable disease burden. However, at low-to-moderate levels, evidence suggests that drinking is associated with reduced risk for certain health outcomes. Whether these findings represent genuine protective effects or mere methodological artifacts remains unclear, but has substantial consequences for policy and practice. This critical review introduces methodological advances capable of enhancing causal inference from observational research, focusing on the 'G-methods' and Mendelian Randomization. We also present and evaluate recent research applying these methods and compare findings to the existing evidence base. Future directions are proposed for improving our causal understanding of the relationships between alcohol and long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Visontay
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise Mewton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cath Chapman
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Turhon M, Maimaiti A, Abulaiti A, Dilixiati Y, Zhang F, AXiEr AX, Kadeer K, Wang Z, Yang X, Aisha M. Appraising the causal association among depression, anxiety and intracranial aneurysms: Evidence from genetic studies. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:909-915. [PMID: 38278329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is increased in individuals with depression and anxiety. This indicates that depression and anxiety may contribute to the development of physical disorders. Herein, to investigate the association between genetic variants related to depression and anxiety and the risk of IA, two-sample Mendelian randomization was performed. METHODS The genome-wide association study (GWAS) comprised genome-wide genotype data of 2248 clinically well-characterized patients with anxiety and 7992 ethnically matched controls from four European countries. Sex-specific summary-level outcome data were obtained from the GWAS of IA, including 23 cohorts with a total of 10,754 cases and 306,882 controls of European and East Asian ancestry. To improve validity, five varying Mendelian randomization techniques were used in the analysis, namely Mendelian randomization-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted, simple mode, and weighted mode. RESULTS The inverse variance weighted results indicated the causal effect of depression on IA (P = 0.03, OR = 1.32 [95 % CI, 1.03-1.70]) and unruptured IA (UIA) (P = 0.02, OR = 1.68 [95 % CI, 1.08-2.61]). However, the causal relationship between depression and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was not found (P = 0.16). We identified 43 anxiety-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms as genetic instruments and found no causal relationship between anxiety and IA, UIA, and SAH. LIMITATIONS Potential pleiotropy, possible weak instruments, and low statistical power limited our findings. CONCLUSION Our MR study suggested a possible causal effect of depression on the increased risk of UIAs. Future research is required to investigate whether rational intervention in depression treatment can help to decrease the societal burden of IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirzat Turhon
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aierpati Maimaiti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimitaji Abulaiti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Fujunhui Zhang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - AXiMuJiang AXiEr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaheerman Kadeer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Yang
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maimaitili Aisha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Chen F, Lin C, Gu X, Ning Y, He H, Qiang G. Exploring the link between walking and lung cancer risk: a two-stage Mendelian randomization analysis. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:129. [PMID: 38481241 PMCID: PMC10938705 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational research showed a potential link between physical activities such as walking and the risk of lung cancer. However, Mendelian randomization (MR) studies suggested there was no association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and lung cancer risk. We speculated that specific physical activities may be associated with lung cancer risk. Consequently, we conducted an MR study to examine the potential relationship between walking and the risk of lung cancer. METHODS We collected genetic summary data from UK Biobank. After excluding SNPs with F values less than 10 and those associated with confounding factors, we conducted a MR analysis to assess the causal effects between different types of walk and lung cancer. We also performed sensitivity analysis to validate the robustness of our findings. Finally, we analyzed the possible mediators. RESULTS MR analysis showed number of days/week walked for 10 + minutes was associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer risk (OR = 0.993, 95% CI = 0.987-0.998, P = 0.009). Additionally, usual walking pace was identified as a potentially significant factor in lowering the risk (OR = 0.989, 95% CI = 0.980-0.998, P = 0.015). However, duration of walks alone did not show a significant association with lung cancer risk (OR = 0.991, 95%CI = 0.977-1.005, P = 0.216). The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings. And number of days/week walked for 10 + minutes could affect fed-up feelings and then lung cancer risk. There was a bidirectional relationship between usual walking pace and sedentary behaviors (time spent watching TV). CONCLUSION The study unveiled a genetically predicted causal relationship between number of days/week walked for 10 + minutes, usual walking pace, and the risk of lung cancer. The exploration of potential mediators of walking phenotypes and their impact on lung cancer risk suggests that specific physical activities may reduce the risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Institute of Clinical Medicine, No.2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chutong Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, No.49 Huayuan North Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xing Gu
- College of Foreign Languages, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yingze Ning
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, No.49 Huayuan North Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huayu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, No.49 Huayuan North Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guangliang Qiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, No.49 Huayuan North Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Li Z, Wei H, Tang X, Liu T, Li S, Wang X. Blood metabolites mediate the impact of lifestyle factors on the risk of urolithiasis: a multivariate, mediation Mendelian randomization study. Urolithiasis 2024; 52:44. [PMID: 38451326 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-024-01545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Urolithiasis is closely linked to lifestyle factors. However, the causal relationship and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between lifestyle factors and the onset of urolithiasis and explore potential blood metabolite mediators and their role in mediating this relationship. In this study, we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables if they exhibited significant associations with our exposures in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (p < 5.0 × 10-8). Summary data for urolithiasis came from the FinnGen database, including 8597 cases and 333,128 controls. We employed multiple MR analysis methods to assess causal links between genetically predicted lifestyle factors and urolithiasis, as well as the mediating role of blood metabolites. A series of sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses were also conducted. Our results show that cigarettes smoked per day (odds ratio [OR] = 1.159, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.004-1.338, p = 0.044) and alcohol intake frequency (OR = 1.286, 95% CI = 1.056-1.565, p = 0.012) were positively associated with increased risk of urolithiasis, while tea intake (OR = 0.473, 95% CI = 0.299-0.784, p = 0.001) was positively associated with reduced risk of urolithiasis. Mediation analysis identifies blood metabolites capable of mediating the causal relationship between cigarettes smoked per day, tea intake and urolithiasis. We have come to the conclusion that blood metabolites serve as potential causal mediators of urolithiasis, underscoring the importance of early lifestyle interventions and metabolite monitoring in the prevention of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Li
- Department of Urology, Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Houyi Wei
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Urology, Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tongzu Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Urology, Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Cai S, Fu Y, Chen J, Tian M, Li X. Causal Relationship Between Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Hypertension: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032084. [PMID: 38420789 PMCID: PMC10944042 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the causal relationships between branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the risks of hypertension via meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS A meta-analysis of 32 845 subjects was conducted to evaluate the relationships between BCAAs and hypertension. In Mendelian randomization analysis, independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with BCAAs at the genome-wide significance level were selected as the instrumental variables. Meanwhile, the summary-level data for essential hypertension and secondary hypertension end points were obtained from the FinnGen study. As suggested by the meta-analysis results, elevated BCAA levels were associated with a higher risk of hypertension (isoleucine: summary odds ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.08-1.47]; leucine: summary odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.07-1.52]; valine: summary odds ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.12-1.57]). Moreover, the inverse variance-weighted method demonstrated that an elevated circulating isoleucine level might be the causal risk factor for essential hypertension but not secondary hypertension (essential hypertension: odds ratio, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.12-1.34]; secondary hypertension: odds ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.54-1.68]). CONCLUSIONS The increased levels of 3 BCAAs positively correlated with an increased risk of hypertension. Particularly, elevated isoleucine level is a causal risk factor for essential hypertension. Increased levels of leucine and valine also tend to increase the risk of essential hypertension, but further verification is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mingjie Tian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Deji HospitalAffiliated to Qingdao UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xue Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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12
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Jia H, Li Z, Guo F, Hua Z, Zhou X, Li X, Li R, Liu Q, Liu Y, Dong H. Cortical structure and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110872. [PMID: 37827425 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current observational studies indicate progressive brain atrophy is closely associated with the clinical feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, it is unclear whether the changes in cortical structure are the cause or result of ALS. Our study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between cortical structure and ALS risk using a bidirectional two-sample MR study. METHODS We collected publicly available genome-wide association studies' summary statistics for cortical structure from UK Biobank and ENIGMA consortium (n = 33,992) and ALS from the Project MinE (n = 138,086). We used the inverse variance weighted method (IVW) as primary analysis in order to evaluate the causal effects. In addition, the weighted median and MR Egger methods were performed to ensure the robustness and reliability of the IVW results. RESULTS We found the decreased surface of the paracentral lobule and thickness of the frontal pole and middle temporal lobe were suggestively associated with an increased risk of ALS as well as the increased surface of medial orbitofrontal and middle temporal lobe. In another aspect, the causalities between the susceptibility to ALS and the volume of the transverse temporal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus were negative. Besides, the susceptibility to ALS might also contribute to an increased thickness of the postcentral gyrus and superior parietal gyrus. CONCLUSION In this two-sample MR analysis, we observed that multiple cortical brain regions are associated with a higher ALS risk. Further research into the underlying mechanisms is required to back up our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongning Jia
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory of Clinical Neurology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiguang Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Neurology, Xingtai Third Hospital, Xingtai, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, China
| | - Zixin Hua
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory of Clinical Neurology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory of Clinical Neurology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory of Clinical Neurology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory of Clinical Neurology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory of Clinical Neurology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; The Key Laboratory of Clinical Neurology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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13
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Chen L, Zhang Q, Li S, Chen H, Guo J, Zhao Z, Tong J. Causal Relationship between Parkinson's Disease with Heart and Vascular Disease: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Eur Neurol 2024; 87:11-16. [PMID: 38320540 PMCID: PMC10997265 DOI: 10.1159/000536484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and myocardial infarction (MI), atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF), and venous thromboembolism (VTE) by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS By using data from publicly available genome-wide association studies from databases, single nucleotide polymorphisms were screened as instrumental variables, and the MR analysis was finished by inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-egger, weighted median methods. RESULTS The primary IVW method showed a negative association between genetically predicted PD and risk of MI (OR = 0.9989; 95% CI: 0.9980-0.9998; p = 0.02). However, PD was not significantly associated with AF or VTE. CONCLUSION This study suggests a negative association between PD with MI, which implies that PD has a protective effect on MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shiduo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zongmao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Jiang G, Liu W, Wang X, Wang Z, Song C, Chen R, He Z, Li H, Zheng M, Mao W. The causality between systemic inflammatory regulators and chronic respiratory diseases: A bidirectional Mendelian-randomization study. Cytokine 2024; 174:156470. [PMID: 38071841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulative evidence suggests the associations between systemic inflammatory regulators and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). However, the intrinsic causation remains implicit. Therefore, this study aimed to examine causative associations by mendelian randomization (MR) and to identify valuable active factors. METHODS Based on data from the GWAS database, we performed MR analyses of 41 serum cytokines from 8,293 Finnish and European descent cohorts from GBMI and UKBB for five major CRDs. We mainly applied inverse variance weighted regression, supplemented by MR-Egger regression, weighted median, maximum likelihood, weighted mode, and simple mode algorithms. Moreover, sensitivity analyses were conducted using Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO Global test and MR-Steiger filtering. Eventually, the consistency of MR results was assessed by leave-one-out. RESULTS Our results suggest that 12 genetically predicted systemic inflammatory regulators probably participate in the progression of CRDs, including four risk factors (IL-1RA, IL-4, MIP-1A, PDGF-BB) and one protective factor (IL-6) in IPF, two protective factors (SCF, SDF-1A) in COPD, and two protective factors (SCF, SDF-1A) in asthma, two protective factors (GROA, IL-2RA) were also included in asthma, whereas only one factor (HGF) was protective against bronchiectasis. Additionally, two protective factors (FGF-BASIC, G-CSF) were identified in sarcoidosis. Sensitivity analyses showed no horizontal pleiotropy and significant heterogeneity. Finally, based on the findings of inverse MR analysis, no inverse causal association was uncovered, confirming the robustness of results. CONCLUSION Our study unearths potential associations between systemic inflammatory modulators and common CRDs, providing new insights for inflammation-mediated CRD prevention and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weici Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenghu Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huixing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingfeng Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Mosley JD, Shi M, Agamasu D, Vaitinadin NS, Murthy VL, Shah RV, Bagheri M, Ferguson JF. Branched-chain amino acids and type 2 diabetes: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:423-435. [PMID: 38269471 PMCID: PMC10827349 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic studies have suggested that the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) valine, leucine, and isoleucine have a causal association with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, inferences are based on a limited number of genetic loci associated with BCAAs. METHODS Instrumental variables (IVs) for each BCAA were constructed and validated using large well-powered data sets and their association with T2D was tested using a two-sample inverse-variance weighted Mendelian randomization approach. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the accuracy of the findings. A reverse association was assessed using instrumental variables for T2D. RESULTS Estimated effect sizes between BCAA IVs and T2D, excluding outliers, were as follows: valine (β = 0.14 change in log-odds per SD change in valine, 95% CI: -0.06 to 0.33, p = 0.17), leucine (β = 0.15, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.32, p = 0.09), and isoleucine (β = 0.13, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.34, p = 0.24). In contrast, T2D IVs were positively associated with each BCAA, i.e., valine (β = 0.08 per SD change in levels per log-odds change in T2D, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.10, p = 1.8 × 10-9 ), leucine (β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.09, p = 4.5 × 10-8 ), and isoleucine (β = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.08, p = 2.8 × 10-8 ). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the BCAAs are not mediators of T2D risk but are biomarkers of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Mosley
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mingjian Shi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Venkatesh L. Murthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ravi V. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Minoo Bagheri
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jane F. Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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16
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Borges MC, Clayton GL, Freathy RM, Felix JF, Fernández-Sanlés A, Soares AG, Kilpi F, Yang Q, McEachan RRC, Richmond RC, Liu X, Skotte L, Irizar A, Hattersley AT, Bodinier B, Scholtens DM, Nohr EA, Bond TA, Hayes MG, West J, Tyrrell J, Wright J, Bouchard L, Murcia M, Bustamante M, Chadeau-Hyam M, Jarvelin MR, Vrijheid M, Perron P, Magnus P, Gaillard R, Jaddoe VWV, Lowe WL, Feenstra B, Hivert MF, Sørensen TIA, Håberg SE, Serbert S, Magnus M, Lawlor DA. Integrating multiple lines of evidence to assess the effects of maternal BMI on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. BMC Med 2024; 22:32. [PMID: 38281920 PMCID: PMC10823651 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, whether these associations are causal remains unclear. METHODS We explored the relation of maternal pre-/early-pregnancy BMI with 20 pregnancy and perinatal outcomes by integrating evidence from three different approaches (i.e. multivariable regression, Mendelian randomisation, and paternal negative control analyses), including data from over 400,000 women. RESULTS All three analytical approaches supported associations of higher maternal BMI with lower odds of maternal anaemia, delivering a small-for-gestational-age baby and initiating breastfeeding, but higher odds of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, pre-labour membrane rupture, induction of labour, caesarean section, large-for-gestational age, high birthweight, low Apgar score at 1 min, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. For example, higher maternal BMI was associated with higher risk of gestational hypertension in multivariable regression (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.63, 1.70 per standard unit in BMI) and Mendelian randomisation (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.38, 1.83), which was not seen for paternal BMI (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.98, 1.04). Findings did not support a relation between maternal BMI and perinatal depression. For other outcomes, evidence was inconclusive due to inconsistencies across the applied approaches or substantial imprecision in effect estimates from Mendelian randomisation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a causal role for maternal pre-/early-pregnancy BMI on 14 out of 20 adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Pre-conception interventions to support women maintaining a healthy BMI may reduce the burden of obstetric and neonatal complications. FUNDING Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, European Research Council, National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Health Research, Research Council of Norway, Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Gemma L Clayton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alba Fernández-Sanlés
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ana Gonçalves Soares
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fanny Kilpi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Qian Yang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Skotte
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Barbara Bodinier
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tom A Bond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario Murcia
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Martine Vrijheid
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrice Perron
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CR-CHUS), Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Romy Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William L Lowe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siri E Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sylvain Serbert
- Center For Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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17
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Yang T, Bi S, Zhang X, Yin M, Feng S, Li H. The Impact of Different Intensities of Physical Activity on Serum Urate and Gout: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Metabolites 2024; 14:66. [PMID: 38276301 PMCID: PMC10819057 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a potential protective factor against gout, but the role of exercise intensity in this context remains unclear. To overcome the limitations of observational studies in causal inference, this study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to explore the impact of different genetically proxied/predicted intensities of physical activity on serum urate concentration and the incidence of gout. Our data related to physical activity, serum urate, and gout were obtained from the UK Biobank, the Global Urate Genetics Consortium (GUGC), and the FinnGen dataset, respectively. Walking was included as representative of typical low-intensity physical activity in the analysis, and the other two types were moderate and vigorous physical activities. The estimation methods we used included the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, weighted-median method, simple-mode method, and weighted-mode method. Sensitivity analyses involved Rucker's framework, Cochran's Q test, funnel plots, MR-PRESSO outlier correction, and leave-one-out analysis. We found suggestive evidence from the inverse-variance-weighted method that moderate physical activity was a potential factor in reducing the incidence of gout (OR = 0.628, p = 0.034), and this association became more substantial in our subsequent sensitivity analysis (OR = 0.555, p = 0.006). However, we observed no distinctive effects of physical activity on serum urate concentration. In conclusion, our study supports some findings from observational studies and emphasizes the preventive role of moderate physical activity against gout. Given the limitations of the existing datasets, we call for future reexamination and expansion of our findings using new GWAS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangxun Yang
- School of Physical Education, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Shilin Bi
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mingyue Yin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Siyuan Feng
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hansen Li
- Institute of Sports Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Duan L, Li S, Li H, Shi Y, Xie X, Feng Y. Causality between rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of cognitive impairment: a Mendelian randomization study. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:5. [PMID: 38167504 PMCID: PMC10759661 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mounting proof that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cognitive decline are related. These studies, however, have not all been uniform, and others have not discovered such a correlation. It is essential to investigate the link between RA and cognitive decline. METHOD We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis utilizing three different publicly accessible RA GWAS summary datasets and a variety of meticulously verified instrumental variables. We mostly used inverse variance weighting (IVW), as well as MR-Egger, weighted median, MR-PRESSO, and several sensitivity analyses, to figure out the link between RA and cognitive impairment (CI). RESULTS Our MR study identified the causality between RA and declining cognitive performance (β = - 0.010, 95% CI of - 0.017 to - 0.003, P = 4.33E-03) and cognitive function (β = - 0.029, 95% CI of - 0.053 to - 0.005, P = 1.93E-02). The consistent direction of the connection is revealed by sensitivity analysis utilizing the weighted median and the MR-Egger method. Furthermore, we reproduced our findings across two additional RA datasets and found identical outcomes, strengthening the validity of our findings. CONCLUSION This study offers proof of causality between RA and an increased risk of CI. Our findings highlight the importance of examining RA patients for cognitive ability, which may open up fresh ideas for the prevention of CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincheng Duan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyin Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoming Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolong Xie
- Meishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, China.
| | - Yue Feng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Jeon S, Choi H, Jeon Y, Choi WH, Choi H, An K, Ryu H, Bhak J, Lee H, Kwon Y, Ha S, Kim YJ, Blazyte A, Kim C, Kim Y, Kang Y, Woo YJ, Lee C, Seo J, Yoon C, Bolser D, Biro O, Shin ES, Kim BC, Kim SY, Park JH, Jeon J, Jung D, Lee S, Bhak J. Korea4K: whole genome sequences of 4,157 Koreans with 107 phenotypes derived from extensive health check-ups. Gigascience 2024; 13:giae014. [PMID: 38626723 PMCID: PMC11020240 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenome-wide association studies (PheWASs) have been conducted on Asian populations, including Koreans, but many were based on chip or exome genotyping data. Such studies have limitations regarding whole genome-wide association analysis, making it crucial to have genome-to-phenome association information with the largest possible whole genome and matched phenome data to conduct further population-genome studies and develop health care services based on population genomics. RESULTS Here, we present 4,157 whole genome sequences (Korea4K) coupled with 107 health check-up parameters as the largest genomic resource of the Korean Genome Project. It encompasses most of the variants with allele frequency >0.001 in Koreans, indicating that it sufficiently covered most of the common and rare genetic variants with commonly measured phenotypes for Koreans. Korea4K provides 45,537,252 variants, and half of them were not present in Korea1K (1,094 samples). We also identified 1,356 new genotype-phenotype associations that were not found by the Korea1K dataset. Phenomics analyses further revealed 24 significant genetic correlations, 14 pleiotropic associations, and 127 causal relationships based on Mendelian randomization among 37 traits. In addition, the Korea4K imputation reference panel, the largest Korean variants reference to date, showed a superior imputation performance to Korea1K across all allele frequency categories. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, Korea4K provides not only the largest Korean genome data but also corresponding health check-up parameters and novel genome-phenome associations. The large-scale pathological whole genome-wide omics data will become a powerful set for genome-phenome level association studies to discover causal markers for the prediction and diagnosis of health conditions in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Jeon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Choi
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Jeon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Whan-Hyuk Choi
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mathematics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Choi
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwhan An
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Ryu
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Bhak
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjae Lee
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsung Kwon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyeon Ha
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering (CSE), College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Kim
- Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Asta Blazyte
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Younghui Kang
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chanyoung Lee
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Seo
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhan Yoon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Bolser
- Geromics Ltd., Cambridge CB1 3NF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eun-Seok Shin
- Department of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seon-Young Kim
- Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Park
- Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbum Jeon
- Korea Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooyoung Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Lee
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bhak
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Clinomics, Inc., Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information-Bio Convergence Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Personal Genomics Institute (PGI), Genome Research Foundation (GRF), Osong 28160, Republic of Korea
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van Heemst D. The ageing thyroid: implications for longevity and patient care. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:5-15. [PMID: 37923847 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones have vital roles in development, growth and energy metabolism. Within the past two decades, disturbances in thyroid hormone action have been implicated in ageing and the development of age-related diseases. This Review will consider results from biomedical studies that have identified the importance of precise temporospatial regulation of thyroid hormone action for local tissue maintenance and repair. Age-related disturbances in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis are thought to be important drivers of age-related disease. In most iodine-proficient human populations without thyroid disease, the mean, median and 97.5 centile for circulating concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone are progressively higher in adults over 80 years of age compared with middle-aged (50-59 years) and younger (20-29 years) adults. This trend has been shown to extend into advanced ages (over 100 years). Here, potential causes and consequences of the altered thyroid status observed in old age and its association with longevity will be discussed. In about 5-20% of adults at least 65 years of age, thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations are elevated but circulating concentrations of thyroid hormone are within the population reference range, a condition referred to as subclinical hypothyroidism. Results from randomized clinical trials that have tested the clinical benefit of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in older adults with mild subclinical hypothyroidism will be discussed, as well as the implications of these findings for screening and treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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21
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Nasr MK, Schurmann C, Böttinger EP, Teumer A. Mendelian randomization indicates causal effects of estradiol levels on kidney function in males. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232266. [PMID: 38169598 PMCID: PMC10758447 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health burden worldwide. Epidemiological studies observed an association between sex hormones, including estradiol, and kidney function. Objective We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess a possible causal effect of estradiol levels on kidney function in males and females. Design We performed a bidirectional two-sample MR using published genetic associations of serum levels of estradiol in men (n = 206,927) and women (n = 229,966), and of kidney traits represented by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, n = 567,460), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR, n = 547,361), and CKD (n = 41,395 cases and n = 439,303 controls) using data obtained from the CKDGen Consortium. Additionally, we conducted a genome-wide association study using UK Biobank cohort study data (n = 11,798 men and n = 6,835 women) to identify novel genetic associations with levels of estradiol, and then used these variants as instruments in a one-sample MR. Results The two-sample MR indicated that genetically predicted estradiol levels are significantly associated with eGFR in men (beta = 0.077; p = 5.2E-05). We identified a single locus at chromosome 14 associated with estradiol levels in men being significant in the one-sample MR on eGFR (beta = 0.199; p = 0.017). We revealed significant results with eGFR in postmenopausal women and with UACR in premenopausal women, which did not reach statistical significance in the sensitivity MR analyses. No causal effect of eGFR or UACR on estradiol levels was found. Conclusions We conclude that serum estradiol levels may have a causal effect on kidney function. Our MR results provide starting points for studies to develop therapeutic strategies to reduce kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kamal Nasr
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Erwin P. Böttinger
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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22
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Li C, Tao T, Tang Y, Lu H, Zhang H, Li H, Liu X, Guan W, Niu Y. The association of psychological stress with metabolic syndrome and its components: cross-sectional and bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1212647. [PMID: 38144566 PMCID: PMC10749192 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1212647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of co-occurring conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, which include the conditions of hypertension, overweight or obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Psychological stress is gradually being taken seriously, stemming from the imbalance between environmental demands and individual perceptions. However, the potential causal relationship between psychological stress and MetS remains unclear. Method We conducted cross-sectional and bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to clarify the potential causal relationship of psychological stress with MetS and its components. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounders in the cross-sectional study of the Chinese population, including 4,933 individuals (70.1% men; mean age, 46.13 ± 8.25). Stratified analyses of sexual characteristics were also performed. Bidirectional MR analyses were further carried out to verify causality based on summary-level genome-wide association studies in the European population, using the main analysis of the inverse variance-weighted method. Results We found that higher psychological stress levels were cross-sectionally associated with an increased risk of hypertension in men (odds ratio (OR), 1.341; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.023-1.758; p = 0.034); moreover, higher levels of hypertension were cross-sectionally associated with an increased risk of psychological stress in men and the total population (men: OR, 1.545 (95% CI, 1.113-2.145); p = 0.009; total population: OR, 1.327 (95% CI, 1.025-1.718); p = 0.032). Genetically predicted hypertension was causally associated with a higher risk of psychological stress in the inverse-variance weighted MR model (OR, 2.386 (95% CI, 1.209-4.710); p = 0.012). However, there was no association between psychological stress and MetS or the other three risk factors (overweight or obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia) in cross-sectional and MR analyses. Conclusion Although we did not observe an association between psychological stress and MetS, we found associations between psychological stress and hypertension both in cross-sectional and MR studies, which may have implications for targeting hypertension-related factors in interventions to improve mental and metabolic health. Further study is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Tao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Niu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Huang G, Khan R, Zheng Y, Lee PC, Li Q, Khan I. Exploring the role of gut microbiota in advancing personalized medicine. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1274925. [PMID: 38098666 PMCID: PMC10720646 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1274925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing extensive research in the field of gut microbiota (GM) has highlighted the crucial role of gut-dwelling microbes in human health. These microbes possess 100 times more genes than the human genome and offer significant biochemical advantages to the host in nutrient and drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. It is increasingly clear that GM modulates the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, especially those taken orally. In addition, intra-individual variability of GM has been shown to contribute to drug response biases for certain therapeutics. For instance, the efficacy of cyclophosphamide depends on the presence of Enterococcus hirae and Barnesiella intestinihominis in the host intestine. Conversely, the presence of inappropriate or unwanted gut bacteria can inactivate a drug. For example, dehydroxylase of Enterococcus faecalis and Eggerthella lenta A2 can metabolize L-dopa before it converts into the active form (dopamine) and crosses the blood-brain barrier to treat Parkinson's disease patients. Moreover, GM is emerging as a new player in personalized medicine, and various methods are being developed to treat diseases by remodeling patients' GM composition, such as prebiotic and probiotic interventions, microbiota transplants, and the introduction of synthetic GM. This review aims to highlight how the host's GM can improve drug efficacy and discuss how an unwanted bug can cause the inactivation of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouxin Huang
- Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Raees Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Yilin Zheng
- Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Ping-Chin Lee
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Qingnan Li
- Clinical Research Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Xie W, Jiang H, Chen Y, Zhang H, Song Y, Yu Z, Gu H, Xu H, Han S, Li S, Liu N, Han S. Association between systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease in European and East Asian populations: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199896. [PMID: 38022503 PMCID: PMC10654968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown a coexistence phenomenon between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the causal relationship between them is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using publicly available summary statistics data to evaluate whether there was a causal relationship between the two diseases. Methods Summary statistics for SLE and IBD were downloaded from the Open Genome-Wide Association Study and the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium. European and East Asian populations were included in this MR work. We adopted a series of methods to select instrumental variables that are closely related to SLE and IBD. To make the conclusion more reliable, we applied a variety of different analysis methods, among which the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was the main method. In addition, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity were assessed to make the conclusions more convincing. Results In the European population, a negative causal relationship was observed between SLE and overall IBD (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.90, 0.98; P < 0.004) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.88, 0.98; P = 0.006). After removing outliers with Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), the results remained consistent with IVW. However, there was no causal relationship between SLE and Crohn's disease. In the East Asian population, no causal relationship was found between SLE and IBD. Conclusion Our results found that genetic susceptibility to SLE was associated with lower overall IBD risk and UC risk in European populations. In contrast, no association between SLE and IBD was found in East Asian populations. This work might enrich the previous research results, and it may provide some references for research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Xie
- Department of The Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haojie Jiang
- Department of The Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yaoyu Song
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaojie Yu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huayan Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongkai Xu
- Department of The Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saiyi Han
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou people’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Naxin Liu
- Department of The Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaoliang Han
- Department of The Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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25
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Liang X, Shi W, Zhang X, Pang R, Zhang K, Xu Q, Xu C, Wan X, Cui W, Li D, Jiang Z, Liu Z, Li H, Zhang H, Li Z. Causal association of epigenetic aging and osteoporosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:275. [PMID: 37919683 PMCID: PMC10623745 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between aging and osteoporosis is well established. However, the relationship between the body's physiological age, i.e. epigenetic age, and osteoporosis is not known. Our goal is to analyze the bidirectional causal relationship between epigenetic clocks and osteoporosis using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. METHODS We used SNPs closely associated with GrimAge, Hannum, PhenoAge, and HorvathAge in epigenetic age and SNPs closely associated with femoral neck bone mineral density, lumbar spine bone mineral density, and forearm bone mineral density as instrumental variables, respectively, using the inverse variance weighting method and several other MR methods to assess the bidirectional causal relationship between epigenetic age and osteoporosis. RESULT There was no evidence of a clear causal relationship of epigenetic age (GrimAge, Hannum, PhenoAge, and HorvathAge) on femoral neck bone mineral density, lumbar spine bone mineral density, and forearm bone mineral density. In reverse Mendelian randomization analysis showed a significant causal effect of lumbar spine bone mineral density on GrimAge: odds ratio (OR) = 0.692, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.538-0.890), p = 0.004. The results suggest that a decrease in lumbar spine bone mineral density promotes an acceleration of GrimAge. CONCLUSION There was no significant bidirectional causal relationship between epigenetic age and osteoporosis A decrease in lumbar spine bone density may lead to an acceleration of the epigenetic clock "GrimAge". Our study provides partial evidence for a bidirectional causal effect between epigenetic age and Osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tian-Jin Union Medical Centre, Nankai University People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- R&D Center, Youjia (Hangzhou) Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedic, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhengxuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang S, Chen M, Liu J, Yang L, Li H, Hong L. The causal effect of educational attainment on stress urinary incontinence: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:564. [PMID: 37915016 PMCID: PMC10621122 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is characterized by involuntary urine leakage in response to increased abdominal pressure, such as coughing, laughing, or sneezing. It significantly affects women's quality of life and imposes a substantial disease burden. While pregnancy and childbirth have been previously identified as risk factors for SUI, educational attainment may also play a role. Therefore, this paper investigates the causal relationship between educational attainment and SUI using two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis, years of schooling (YOS), and college or university degree (CUD) as proxies. METHODS Summary statistics of YOS, CUD, and SUI were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and TSMR analysis was applied to explore potential causal relationships between them. Causal effects were mainly estimated using the standard inverse variance weighting (IVW) method, and complementary and sensitivity analyses were also performed using multiple methods. RESULTS The results indicate that both YOS (OR = 0.994, 95% CI: 0.992-0.996; P = 7.764E-10) and CUD (OR = 0.987, 95% CI: 0.983-0.991; P = 1.217E-09) may have a negative causal effect on SUI. CONCLUSIONS Improving educational attainment may go some way towards reducing the risk of SUI. Therefore, it is important to increase efforts to improve the imbalance in educational development and safeguard women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyue Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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Xing X, Wang Y, Pan F, Cai G. Osteoarthritis and risk of type 2 diabetes: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. J Diabetes 2023; 15:987-993. [PMID: 37525375 PMCID: PMC10667649 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease that limits patients' physical activity, which may increase risk of other chronic diseases including T2D. However, studies evaluating the effect of OA on T2D are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the causal effect of knee and hip OA on risk of T2D from a genetic perspective. METHODS We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to obtain nonconfounding estimates of the effect of OA on T2D risk. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome-wide association studies were selected as genetic instruments for radiographic knee and hip OA (ie, Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2). The associations of these SNPs with T2D were evaluated in participants from the UK Biobank. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the MR results. RESULTS Genetic predisposition of knee but not hip OA was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2D (knee OA: odds ratio [OR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.27, p <.001; hip OA: OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.94-1.16, p = .425). Sensitivity analyses showed that the main findings are robust. CONCLUSION The current study provides genetic evidence supporting that knee OA is a potential risk factor for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xing
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- The Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Guoqi Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
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28
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Sbarra DA, Ramadan FA, Choi KW, Treur JL, Levey DF, Wootton RE, Stein MB, Gelernter J, Klimentidis YC. Loneliness and depression: bidirectional mendelian randomization analyses using data from three large genome-wide association studies. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4594-4601. [PMID: 37735503 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Major depression (MD) is a serious psychiatric illness afflicting nearly 5% of the world's population. A large correlational literature suggests that loneliness is a prospective risk factor for MD; correlational assocations of this nature may be confounded for a variety of reasons. This report uses Mendelian Randomization (MR) to examine potentially causal associations between loneliness and MD. We report on analyses using summary statistics from three large genome wide association studies (GWAS). MR analyses were conducted using three independent sources of GWAS summary statistics. In the first set of analyses, we used available summary statistics from an extant GWAS of loneliness to predict MD risk. We used two sources of outcome data: the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) meta-analysis of MD (PGC-MD; N = 142,646) and the Million Veteran Program (MVP-MD; N = 250,215). Finally, we reversed analyses using data from the MVP and PGC samples to identify risk variants for MD and used loneliness outcome data from UK Biobank. We find robust evidence for a bidirectional causal relationship between loneliness and MD, including between loneliness, depression cases status, and a continuous measure of depressive symptoms. The estimates remained significant across several sensitivity analyses, including models that account for horizontal pleiotropy. This paper provides the first genetically-informed evidence that reducing loneliness may play a causal role in decreasing risk for depressive illness, and these findings support efforts to reduce loneliness in order to prevent or ameliorate MD. Discussion focuses on the public health significance of these findings, especially in light of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Sbarra
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Ferris A Ramadan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorien L Treur
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel F Levey
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Psychiatry Service, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Murray B Stein
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Psychiatry Service, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Psychiatry Service, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yann C Klimentidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Zollner L, Torres D, Briceno I, Gilbert M, Torres-Mejía G, Dennis J, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Hamann U, Lorenzo Bermejo J. Native American ancestry and breast cancer risk in Colombian and Mexican women: ruling out potential confounding through ancestry-informative markers. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:111. [PMID: 37784177 PMCID: PMC10544431 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latin American and Hispanic women are less likely to develop breast cancer (BC) than women of European descent. Observational studies have found an inverse relationship between the individual proportion of Native American ancestry and BC risk. Here, we use ancestry-informative markers to rule out potential confounding of this relationship, estimating the confounder-free effect of Native American ancestry on BC risk. METHODS AND STUDY POPULATION We used the informativeness for assignment measure to select robust instrumental variables for the individual proportion of Native American ancestry. We then conducted separate Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses based on 1401 Colombian women, most of them from the central Andean regions of Cundinamarca and Huila, and 1366 Mexican women from Mexico City, Monterrey and Veracruz, supplemented by sensitivity and stratified analyses. RESULTS The proportion of Colombian Native American ancestry showed a putatively causal protective effect on BC risk (inverse variance-weighted odds ratio [OR] = 0.974 per 1% increase in ancestry proportion, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.970-0.978, p = 3.1 × 10-40). The corresponding OR for Mexican Native American ancestry was 0.988 (95% CI 0.987-0.990, p = 1.4 × 10-44). Stratified analyses revealed a stronger association between Native American ancestry and familial BC (Colombian women: OR = 0.958, 95% CI 0.952-0.964; Mexican women: OR = 0.973, 95% CI 0.969-0.978), and stronger protective effects on oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC than on ER-negative and triple-negative BC. CONCLUSIONS The present results point to an unconfounded protective effect of Native American ancestry on BC risk in both Colombian and Mexican women which appears to be stronger for familial and ER-positive BC. These findings provide a rationale for personalised prevention programmes that take genetic ancestry into account, as well as for future admixture mapping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zollner
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ignacio Briceno
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Universidad de la Sabana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Michael Gilbert
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Torres-Mejía
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Justo Lorenzo Bermejo
- Statistical Genetics Research Group, Institute of Medical Biometry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biostatistics for Precision Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
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Ji Y, Du Z, Zheng K, Jiang Y, Ren C, Zhu H, Xiao M, Wang T. Bidirectional causal association between ischemic stroke and five mental disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023; 148:359-367. [PMID: 37667459 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the bidirectional causal association between ischemic stroke and five mental disorders from a genetic perspective using two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR). METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with ischemic stroke were obtained from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database, and those closely related to the exposure phenotype and satisfying the three core assumptions of Mendelian randomization were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). The main TSMR analysis was conducted using the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method, and the robustness of the results was assessed using the weighted median, weighted mode, and MR Egger methods. Heterogeneity test, pleiotropy test, and sensitivity analysis were also conducted to further ensure the accuracy and stability of the research results. RESULTS This study found a positive correlation between ischemic stroke and depression [IVW method (FEM): OR = 1.002, 95%CI: 1.000-1.003, P = 0.023<0.05], but no significant causal association with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, insomnia, or anxiety (P > 0.05). Reverse TSMR analysis showed no causal association between depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, insomnia, anxiety, and ischemic stroke (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study used TSMR to demonstrate from a genetic perspective that there is a positive correlation between ischemic stroke and depression, which increases the risk of depression. Proactive intervention for ischemic stroke might reduce the risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ji
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Du
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Caili Ren
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haohao Zhu
- Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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31
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Malik MA, Faraone SV, Michoel T, Haavik J. Use of big data and machine learning algorithms to extract possible treatment targets in neurodevelopmental disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108530. [PMID: 37708996 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) impact multiple aspects of an individual's functioning, including social interactions, communication, and behaviors. The underlying biological mechanisms of NDDs are not yet fully understood, and pharmacological treatments have been limited in their effectiveness, in part due to the complex nature of these disorders and the heterogeneity of symptoms across individuals. Identifying genetic loci associated with NDDs can help in understanding biological mechanisms and potentially lead to the development of new treatments. However, the polygenic nature of these complex disorders has made identifying new treatment targets from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) challenging. Recent advances in the fields of big data and high-throughput tools have provided radically new insights into the underlying biological mechanism of NDDs. This paper reviews various big data approaches, including classical and more recent techniques like deep learning, which can identify potential treatment targets from GWAS and other omics data, with a particular emphasis on NDDs. We also emphasize the increasing importance of explainable and causal machine learning (ML) methods that can aid in identifying genes, molecular pathways, and more complex biological processes that may be future targets of intervention in these disorders. We conclude that these new developments in genetics and ML hold promise for advancing our understanding of NDDs and identifying novel treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ammar Malik
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, PO BOX 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, 13210, NY, USA
| | - Tom Michoel
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, PO BOX 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, PO BOX 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, PO BOX 1400, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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32
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Sobczyk MK, Zheng J, Davey Smith G, Gaunt TR. Systematic comparison of Mendelian randomisation studies and randomised controlled trials using electronic databases. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072087. [PMID: 37751957 PMCID: PMC10533809 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To scope the potential for (semi)-automated triangulation of Mendelian randomisation (MR) and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evidence since the two methods have distinct assumptions that make comparisons between their results invaluable. METHODS We mined ClinicalTrials.Gov, PubMed and EpigraphDB databases and carried out a series of 26 manual literature comparisons among 54 MR and 77 RCT publications. RESULTS We found that only 13% of completed RCTs identified in ClinicalTrials.Gov submitted their results to the database. Similarly low coverage was revealed for Semantic Medline (SemMedDB) semantic triples derived from MR and RCT publications -36% and 12%, respectively. Among intervention types that can be mimicked by MR, only trials of pharmaceutical interventions could be automatically matched to MR results due to insufficient annotation with Medical Subject Headings ontology. A manual survey of the literature highlighted the potential for triangulation across a number of exposure/outcome pairs if these challenges can be addressed. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that careful triangulation of MR with RCT evidence should involve consideration of similarity of phenotypes across study designs, intervention intensity and duration, study population demography and health status, comparator group, intervention goal and quality of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Sobczyk
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Yang J, Liu P, Wang S, Jiang T, Zhang Y, Liu W. Causal relationship between sarcopenia and osteoarthritis: a bi-directional two-sample mendelian randomized study. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:327. [PMID: 37689698 PMCID: PMC10492359 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that osteoarthritis (OA) and sarcopenia (SP) are closely related to each other, but the causal relationships between them have not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal associations between OA and SP via a bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS A bi-directional two-sample MR was adopted to research the causal relationship between SP and OA. The instrumental variables for SP and four types of OA: KOA, HOA, total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) were derived from published large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger and weighted median estimator (WME) methods were used to estimate bi-directional causal effects. RESULTS Low grip strength (GS) did not have a causal effect on four types of OA (KOA: OR = 1.205, 95% CI 0.837-1.734, p = 0.316; HOA: OR = 1.090, 95% CI 0.924-1.609, p = 0.307; TKR: OR = 1.190, 95% CI 1.084-1.307, p = 0.058; THR: OR = 1.035, 95% CI 0.792-1.353, p = 0.798), while appendicular lean mass (ALM) had a causal effect on four types of OA (KOA: OR = 1.104, 95% CI 1.041-1.171, p = 0.001; HOA: OR = 1.151, 95% CI 1.071-1.237, p < 0.001; TKR: OR = 1.114, 95% CI 1.007-1.232, p < 0.001; THR: OR = 1.203, 95% CI 1.099-1.316, p < 0.001). In the reverse direction, KOA or HOA did not have a significant causal effect on both GS and ALM (KOA-GS: OR = 1.077, 95% CI 0.886-1.309, p = 0.458; KOA-ALM: Beta = 0.004, p = 0.892; HOA-GS: OR = 1.038, 95% CI 0.981-1.099, p = 0.209; HOA-ALM: Beta = - 0.017, p = 0.196; TKR-GS: OR = 0.999, 95% CI 0.739-1.351, p = 0.997; TKR-ALM: Beta = 0.018, p = 0.501; THR-GS: OR = 1.037, 95% CI 0.978-1.101, p = 0.222; THR-ALM: Beta = - 0.023, p = 0.081). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that SP may have a causal effect on OA through changes in muscle composition rather than muscle strength, while little evidence was provided for the causal effect of OA on SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Yang
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Zhang
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wengang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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Xu Q, Sun L, Wang Y, Wang R, Jia Y, Guo D, Shi M, Yang P, Zhang Y, Zhu Z. Causal Effects of YKL-40 on Ischemic Stroke and Its Subtypes: A 2-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029000. [PMID: 37655481 PMCID: PMC10547358 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.029000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Chitinase-3 like protein 1 (CHI3L1, YKL-40) was reported to be implicated in the development of ischemic stroke, but whether the association between them was causal remained unclear. We conducted a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study to explore the associations of genetically determined plasma YKL-40 with ischemic stroke and its subtypes (large artery stroke, small vessel stroke, and cardioembolic stroke). Methods and Results Based on genome-wide association study data of 3394 European-descent individuals, we selected 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plasma YKL-40 as genetic instruments. Summary data about ischemic stroke and its subtypes were obtained from the Multiancestry Genome-wide Association Study of Stroke Consortium, involving 34 217 ischemic stroke cases and 406 111 controls of European ancestry. We used the inverse-variance weighted method followed by a series of sensitivity analyses to assess the causal associations of plasma YKL-40 with ischemic stroke and its subtypes. The primary analysis showed that genetically determined high YKL-40 levels were associated with increased risks of large artery stroke (odds ratio [OR], 1.08 [95% CI, 1.04-1.12]; P=1.73×10-4) and small vessel stroke (OR, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01-1.09]; P=7.96×10-3) but not with ischemic stroke or cardioembolic stroke. Sensitivity analyses further confirmed these associations, and Mendelian randomization-Egger indicated no evidence of genetic pleiotropy. In addition, supplementary analysis based on the summary data from the Olink proximity extension assay cardiovascular I (Olink CVD-I) panel showed that high YKL-40 levels were positively associated with the risks of large artery stroke (OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.08-1.22]; P=4.16×10-6) but not with small vessel stroke. Conclusions Genetically determined high plasma YKL-40 levels were causal associated with increased risks of large artery stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Xu
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yiming Jia
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Daoxia Guo
- School of NursingMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Pinni Yang
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Chen L, You G, Yang Z, Shen R, Zhang R, Zhu D, Wang L, Lin S, Lv L, Huang K. Leisure sedentary behaviour increases the risk of venous thromboembolism: a Mendelian randomisation study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:362. [PMID: 37464328 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a substantial contributor to the global burden of disease. Observational studies have suggested that leisure sedentary behaviours (LSB) are related to the risk of VTE; however, the causal role of LSB in VTE remains unclear. METHODS Using data obtained from genome-wide association studies in the UK Biobank (N = 422,218), we identified 84, 21, and 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to sedentary television (TV) watching, computer use, and driving, respectively. These SNPs were employed as instrumental variables. Summary statistics for SNP-VTE associations was obtained from the FinnGen study (5,403 cases and 130,235 controls). Two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses were performed using inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger,weighted median, and weighted mode approaches. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure robustness of the results. RESULTS The main IVW approach demonstrated a positive association between the genetically predicted sedentary TV watching and the risk of VTE [odds ratio (OR):1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.02-1.80, P = 0.039]. However, no significant association was observed for genetically predicted sedentary computer use or driving and VTE risk. The results from our series of sensitivity analyses, including Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier method, further supported these findings. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of an association between genetically predicted sedentary TV watching and the risk of VTE. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Guochang You
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhenmei Yang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Runnan Shen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Dongxi Zhu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Linlu Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shen Lin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lv
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.33, Yingfeng Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China.
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Liu D, Gan Y, Zhang Y, Cui L, Tao T, Zhang J, Zhao J. Fetal genome predicted birth weight and polycystic ovary syndrome in later life: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1140499. [PMID: 37351103 PMCID: PMC10282929 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1140499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between lower birth weight and higher polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) risk have been reported in previous observational studies, however, the causal relationship is still unknown. Based on decomposed fetal and maternal genetic effects on birth weight (n = 406,063), we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess potential causal relationships between fetal genome predicted birth weight and PCOS risk using a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 4,138 PCOS cases and 20,129 controls. To further eliminate the maternally transmitted or non-transmitted effects on fetal growth, we performed a secondary MR analysis by utilizing genetic instruments after excluding maternally transmitted or non-transmitted variants, which were identified in another birth weight GWAS (n = 63,365 parent-offspring trios from Icelandic birth register). Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR) analysis was conducted to estimate the genetic correlation. We found little evidence to support a causal effect of fetal genome determined birth weight on the risk of developing PCOS (primary MR analysis, OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.43; secondary MR analysis, OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.54 to 1.39). In addition, a marginally significant genetic correlation (rg = -0.14, se = 0.07) between birth weight and PCOS was revealed via LDSR analysis. Our findings indicated that observed associations between birth weight and future PCOS risk are more likely to be attributable to genetic pleiotropy driven by the fetal genome rather than a causal mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexin Gan
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Cui
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Xu D, Chen Y, Gao X, Xie W, Wang Y, Shen J, Yang G, Xie B. The genetically predicted causal relationship of inflammatory bowel disease with bone mineral density and osteoporosis: evidence from two-sample Mendelian randomization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148107. [PMID: 37275908 PMCID: PMC10233018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many existing studies indicated that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), tend to have the risk of low total body bone mineral density (BMD), and are more likely to have osteoporosis (OS). To determine the causal relationship between IBD and bone metabolic disorders, we herein performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (TSMR) using publicly available summary statistics. Methods Summary statistics of total body BMD, OS and IBD were downloaded from the Open Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS), FinnGen consortium and International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC). The European and East Asian populations have consisted in this Mendelian Randomization (MR) work. A range of quality control procedures were taken to select eligible instrument SNPs closely associated with total body BMD, OS and IBD. To make the conclusions more reliable, we applied five robust analytical methods, among which the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method acted as the major method. Besides, heterogeneity, pleiotropy and sensitivity were evaluated. Results In the European population, the genetic association of UC on total body BMD (OR=0.97, 95%CI=0.96,0.99, P<0.001) and overall IBD on total body BMD (OR=0.98, 95%CI=0.97,1.00, P=0.013) were significant, while the effect of CD on total body BMD was not significant enough (OR=0.99, 95%CI=0.98,1.00, P=0.085). All of UC, CD and overall IBD can be the genetic risk factor of having OS with pathological fracture (UC: OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.02,1.26, P=0.024, CD: OR=1.14, 95%CI=1.05,1.25, P=0.003, overall IBD: OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.02,1.24, P=0.015). In East Asian groups, only CD had a causal relationship with OS (OR=1.04, 95% CI=1.01,1.07, P=0.019). Conclusion Our study revealed genetically predicted associations between IBD on total body BMD and OS in European and East Asian populations. This work supplemented the results of previous retrospective studies and demonstrated the necessity of BMD monitoring in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyong Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hospital Infection-Control, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hospital Infection-Control, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Seyedsalehi A, Warrier V, Bethlehem RAI, Perry BI, Burgess S, Murray GK. Educational attainment, structural brain reserve and Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Brain 2023; 146:2059-2074. [PMID: 36310536 PMCID: PMC10151197 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher educational attainment is observationally associated with lower risk of Alzheimer's disease. However, the biological mechanisms underpinning this association remain unclear. The protective effect of education on Alzheimer's disease may be mediated via increased brain reserve. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization to explore putative causal relationships between educational attainment, structural brain reserve as proxied by MRI phenotypes and Alzheimer's disease. Summary statistics were obtained from genome-wide association studies of educational attainment (n = 1 131 881), late-onset Alzheimer's disease (35 274 cases, 59 163 controls) and 15 measures of grey or white matter macro- or micro-structure derived from structural or diffusion MRI (nmax = 33 211). We conducted univariable Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate bidirectional associations between (i) educational attainment and Alzheimer's disease; (ii) educational attainment and imaging-derived phenotypes; and (iii) imaging-derived phenotypes and Alzheimer's disease. Multivariable Mendelian randomization was used to assess whether brain structure phenotypes mediated the effect of education on Alzheimer's disease risk. Genetically proxied educational attainment was inversely associated with Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio per standard deviation increase in genetically predicted years of schooling = 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.60, 0.80). There were positive associations between genetically predicted educational attainment and four cortical metrics (standard deviation units change in imaging phenotype per one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted years of schooling): surface area 0.30 (95% confidence interval 0.20, 0.40); volume 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.20, 0.37); intrinsic curvature 0.18 (95% confidence interval 0.11, 0.25); local gyrification index 0.21 (95% confidence interval 0.11, 0.31)]; and inverse associations with cortical intracellular volume fraction [-0.09 (95% confidence interval -0.15, -0.03)] and white matter hyperintensities volume [-0.14 (95% confidence interval -0.23, -0.05)]. Genetically proxied levels of surface area, cortical volume and intrinsic curvature were positively associated with educational attainment [standard deviation units change in years of schooling per one standard deviation increase in respective genetically predicted imaging phenotype: 0.13 (95% confidence interval 0.10, 0.16); 0.15 (95% confidence interval 0.11, 0.19) and 0.12 (95% confidence interval 0.04, 0.19)]. We found no evidence of associations between genetically predicted imaging-derived phenotypes and Alzheimer's disease. The inverse association of genetically predicted educational attainment with Alzheimer's disease did not attenuate after adjusting for imaging-derived phenotypes in multivariable analyses. Our results provide support for a protective causal effect of educational attainment on Alzheimer's disease risk, as well as potential bidirectional causal relationships between education and brain macro- and micro-structure. However, we did not find evidence that these structural markers affect risk of Alzheimer's disease. The protective effect of education on Alzheimer's disease may be mediated via other measures of brain reserve not included in the present study, or by alternative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Seyedsalehi
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Varun Warrier
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK
| | - Richard A I Bethlehem
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK
- Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Benjamin I Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK
- CAMEO, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB4 1PX, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 8AH, UK
- CAMEO, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB4 1PX, UK
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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Weihs A, Chaker L, Martin TC, Braun KV, Campbell PJ, Cox SR, Fornage M, Gieger C, Grabe HJ, Grallert H, Harris SE, Kühnel B, Marioni RE, Martin NG, McCartney DL, McRae AF, Meisinger C, van Meurs JB, Nano J, Nauck M, Peters A, Prokisch H, Roden M, Selvin E, Beekman M, van Heemst D, Slagboom EP, Swenson BR, Tin A, Tsai PC, Uitterlinden A, Visser WE, Völzke H, Waldenberger M, Walsh JP, Köttgen A, Wilson SG, Peeters RP, Bell JT, Medici M, Teumer A. Epigenome-Wide Association Study Reveals CpG Sites Associated with Thyroid Function and Regulatory Effects on KLF9. Thyroid 2023; 33:301-311. [PMID: 36719767 PMCID: PMC10024591 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones play a key role in differentiation and metabolism and are known regulators of gene expression through both genomic and epigenetic processes including DNA methylation. The aim of this study was to examine associations between thyroid hormones and DNA methylation. Methods: We carried out a fixed-effect meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of blood DNA methylation sites from 8 cohorts from the ThyroidOmics Consortium, incorporating up to 7073 participants of both European and African ancestry, implementing a discovery and replication stage. Statistical analyses were conducted using normalized beta CpG values as dependent and log-transformed thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine levels, respectively, as independent variable in a linear model. The replicated findings were correlated with gene expression levels in whole blood and tested for causal influence of TSH and free thyroxine by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Results: Epigenome-wide significant associations (p-value <1.1E-7) of three CpGs for free thyroxine, five for free triiodothyronine, and two for TSH concentrations were discovered and replicated (combined p-values = 1.5E-9 to 4.3E-28). The associations included CpG sites annotated to KLF9 (cg00049440) and DOT1L (cg04173586) that overlap with all three traits, consistent with hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis physiology. Significant associations were also found for CpGs in FKBP5 for free thyroxine, and at CSNK1D/LINCO1970 and LRRC8D for free triiodothyronine. MR analyses supported a causal effect of thyroid status on DNA methylation of KLF9. DNA methylation of cg00049440 in KLF9 was inversely correlated with KLF9 gene expression in blood. The CpG at CSNK1D/LINC01970 overlapped with thyroid hormone receptor alpha binding peaks in liver cells. The total additive heritability of the methylation levels of the six significant CpG sites was between 25% and 57%. Significant methylation QTLs were identified for CpGs at KLF9, FKBP5, LRRC8D, and CSNK1D/LINC01970. Conclusions: We report novel associations between TSH, thyroid hormones, and blood-based DNA methylation. This study advances our understanding of thyroid hormone action particularly related to KLF9 and serves as a proof-of-concept that integrations of EWAS with other -omics data can provide a valuable tool for unraveling thyroid hormone signaling in humans by complementing and feeding classical in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Weihs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Layal Chaker
- Erasmus MC Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tiphaine C. Martin
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kim V.E. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Purdey J. Campbell
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology; Institute of Genetics and Cancer; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology; Institute of Genetics and Cancer; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Kühnel
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riccardo E. Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel L. McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Allan F. McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Joyce B.J. van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopeadics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Nano
- Institute of Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Computational Health Center; Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eline P. Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Brenton R. Swenson
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adrienne Tin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W. Edward Visser
- Erasmus MC Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - John P. Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Scott G. Wilson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Robin P. Peeters
- Erasmus MC Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jordana T. Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Medici
- Erasmus MC Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine; University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Karageorgiou V, Tyrrell J, Mckinley TJ, Bowden J. Weak and pleiotropy robust sex-stratified Mendelian randomization in the one sample and two sample settings. Genet Epidemiol 2023; 47:135-151. [PMID: 36682072 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mendelian randomization (MR) leverages genetic data as an instrumental variable to provide estimates for the causal effect of an exposure X on a health outcome Y that is robust to confounding. Unfortunately, horizontal pleiotropy-the direct association of a genetic variant with multiple phenotypes-is highly prevalent and can easily render a genetic variant an invalid instrument. METHODS Building on existing work, we propose a simple method for leveraging sex-specific genetic associations to perform weak and pleiotropy-robust MR analysis. This is achieved by constructing an MR estimator in which pleiotropy is perfectly removed by cancellation, while placing it within the powerful machinery of the robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS) method. Pleiotropy cancellation has the attractive property that it removes heterogeneity and therefore justifies a statistically efficient fixed effects model. We extend the method from the typical two-sample summary-data MR setting to the one-sample setting by adapting the technique of Collider-Correction. Simulation studies and applied examples are used to assess how the sex-stratified MR-RAPS estimator performs against other common approaches. RESULTS The sex-stratified MR-RAPS method is shown to be robust to pleiotropy even in cases where all genetic variants violated the standard Instrument Strength Independent of Direct Effect assumption. In some cases where the strength of the pleiotropic effect additionally varied by sex (and so perfect cancellation was not achieved), over-dispersed MR-RAPS implementations can still consistently estimate the true causal effect. In applied analyses, we investigate the causal effect of waist-hip ratio (WHR), an important marker of central obesity, on a range of downstream traits. While the conventional approaches suggested paradoxical links between WHR and height and body mass index, the sex-stratified approach obtained a more realistic null effect. Nonzero effects were also detected for systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. DISCUSSION We provide a simple but attractive method for weak and pleiotropy robust causal estimation of sexually dimorphic traits on downstream outcomes, by combining several existing approaches in a novel fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Karageorgiou
- Exeter Diabetes Group (ExCEED), College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jess Tyrrell
- Exeter Diabetes Group (ExCEED), College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Trevelyan J Mckinley
- Exeter Diabetes Group (ExCEED), College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- Exeter Diabetes Group (ExCEED), College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Mendelian randomization on the association of obesity with vitamin D: Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:195-201. [PMID: 36347947 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses from the West provide evidence that obesity causes lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. As Asian populations are prone to metabolic disorders at a lower body mass index (BMI), whether the association remains in Asian is unclear. We studied whether obesity causes vitamin D deficiency using MR analysis in Chinese. METHODS We used data from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. A genetic score including seven BMI-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (n = 15,249) was used as the instrumental variable (IV) for BMI. Two-stage least square regression and conventional multivariable linear regression in 2,036 participants with vitamin D data were used to analyze association of BMI with vitamin D. RESULTS Proportion of variation explained by the genetic score was 0.7% and the first stage F-statistic for MR analysis was 103. MR analyses showed that each 1 kg/m2 higher BMI was associated with lower 25(OH)D by -2.35 (95% confidence interval (CI) -4.68 to -0.02) nmol/L. In conventional multivariable linear regression, higher BMI was also associated with lower 25(OH)D (β = -0.26 nmol/L per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.06). Sensitivity analyses using two-sample IV analysis and leave-one-out method showed similar results. CONCLUSION We have first shown by MR and conventional multivariable linear regression that higher BMI causes vitamin D deficiency in Chinese. Our findings highlight the importance of weight control and suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be needed in individuals with overweight or obesity.
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Yang J, Nie D, Chen Y, Liu Z, Li M, Gong C, Liu Q. The role of smoking and alcohol in mediating the effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease on lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2023; 13:1054132. [PMID: 36726719 PMCID: PMC9885128 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1054132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have suggested a positive association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and lung cancer, but due to the existence of confounders, it remains undetermined whether gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has a causal association with lung cancer. Therefore, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were applied to investigate the relationship between the two conditions. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was utilized with summary genetic data from the European Bioinformatics Institute (602,604 individuals) and International Lung Cancer Consortium, which provides information on lung cancer and its histological subgroups. Furthermore, we used two-step Mendelian randomization and multivariable Mendelian randomization to estimate whether smoking initiation (311,629 cases and 321,173 controls) and alcohol intake frequency (n = 462,346) mediate any effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease on lung cancer risk. The Mendelian randomization analyses indicated that gastroesophageal reflux disease was associated with and significantly increased the risk of lung cancer (ORIVW = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.18-1.54; p = 1.36 × 10-5). Smoking initiation and alcohol intake frequency mediated 35% and 3% of the total effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease on lung cancer, respectively. The combined effect of these two factors accounted for 60% of the total effect. In conclusion, gastroesophageal reflux disease is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, and interventions to reduce smoking and alcohol intake may reduce the incidence of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duorui Nie
- Graduate school of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yujing Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixing Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhao Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Gong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Chun Gong, ; Qiong Liu,
| | - Qiong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Chun Gong, ; Qiong Liu,
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Ren Z, Simons PIHG, Wesselius A, Stehouwer CDA, Brouwers MCGJ. Relationship between NAFLD and coronary artery disease: A Mendelian randomization study. Hepatology 2023; 77:230-238. [PMID: 35441719 PMCID: PMC9970021 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is an ongoing debate on whether NAFLD is an active contributor or an innocent bystander in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the present study was to assess the causal relationship between NAFLD and CAD. APPROACH AND RESULTS We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using summary-level data to assess the association between genetically predicted NAFLD (i.e., chronically elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels [cALT], imaging-based and biopsy-confirmed NAFLD) and risk of CAD. Analyses were repeated after exclusion of NAFLD susceptibility genes that are associated with impaired VLDL secretion.Inverse-variance weighted MR analyses showed a statistically significant association between genetically predicted cALT and risk of CAD (OR: 1.116, 95% CI: 1.039, 1.199), but not for the other NAFLD-related traits (OR: 1.046, 95% CI: 0.764, 1.433 and OR: 1.014, 95% CI: 0.968, 1.062 for imaging-based and biopsy-confirmed NAFLD, respectively). MR-Egger regression revealed a statistically significant intercept, indicative of directional pleiotropy, for all traits. Repeat analyses after exclusion of genes associated with impaired VLDL secretion showed consistent associations between genetically predicted NAFLD and CAD for all traits (i.e., cALT [OR: 1.203, 95% CI: 1.113, 1.300]), imaging-based (OR: 2.149, 95% CI: 1.276, 3.620) and biopsy-confirmed NAFLD (OR: 1.113, 95% CI: 1.041, 1.189), which persisted when more stringent biopsy-confirmed NAFLD criteria were used (OR: 1.154, 95% CI: 1.043, 1.278) or when more stringent MR methods were applied. MR-Egger regression did not show a statistically significant intercept. CONCLUSION The two-sample MR analyses showed a robust association between genetically predicted NAFLD and CAD after exclusion of genetic variants that are implicated in impaired VLDL secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Ren
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pomme I. H. G. Simons
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Wesselius
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D. A. Stehouwer
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn C. G. J. Brouwers
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Qi L, Bao W, Wang S, Ding X, Li W. Mendelian randomization eradicates the causal relationship between educational attainment, household income, and oropharyngeal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:930940. [PMID: 36937420 PMCID: PMC10017480 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.930940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It was reported that educational attainment and household income are associated with oropharyngeal cancer. However, whether such an association is causal is still unknown. Methods The Mendelian randomization (MR) design was performed to disentangle their causal relationship. Initially, genetic variants proxied for educational attainment and household income were extracted from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and two oropharyngeal GWAS datasets were used in the discovery and validation stages separately. A reverse MR analysis was carried out to judge whether oropharyngeal cancer affects educational attainment and household income. The results from the two stages were combined using meta-analysis. The heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were appraised using several methods. Results All selected genetic variants were valid. In the discovery stage, genetically elevated years of education might decrease the risk of oropharyngeal cancer (IVW OR = 0.148 [0.025, 0.872], p-value = 0.035), while such a result became insignificant in the validation stage (IVW p-value >0.05). Household income cannot change the risk of oropharyngeal cancer at both stages. The reverse MR suggested that oropharyngeal cancer should slightly alter household income (IVW OR = 1.001 [1.000, 1.003], p-value = 0.036) in the discovery set, but the result cannot be replicated in the validation stage. The meta-analysis did not find any significant results either. The results were also assessed by sensitivity analyses, and there was no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy in the analyses. The statistical powers were all above 80% at the discovery stage. Conclusions There should be no causal association between educational attainment, household income, and oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenzhao Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxu Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Li, ;
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Ren F, Jin Q, Liu T, Ren X, Zhan Y. Causal effects between gut microbiota and IgA nephropathy: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1171517. [PMID: 37201114 PMCID: PMC10185820 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1171517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic approaches that target the gut microbiota (GM) may be helpful in the potential prevention and treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Meanwhile, relevant studies demonstrated a correlation between GM and IgAN, however, these confounding evidence cannot prove a causal relationship between GM and IgAN. Methods Based on the data from the GM genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MiBioGen and the IgAN GWAS data from the FinnGen research. A bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to explore the causal relationship between GM and IgAN. We used inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary method to determine the causal relationship between exposure and outcome in our MR study. Besides, we used additional analysis (MR-Egger, weighted median) and sensitivity analysis (Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO) to select significant results, followed by Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) to test the results of MR study. Finally, a reverse MR analysis was conducted to estimate the probability of reverse causality. Results At the locus-wide significance level, the results of IVW method and additional analysis showed that Genus Enterorhabdus was a protective factor for IgAN [OR: 0.456, 95% CI: 0.238-0.875, p=0.023], while Genus butyricicoccus was a risk factor for IgAN [OR: 3.471, 95% CI: 1.671-7.209, p=0.0008]. In the sensitivity analysis, no significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity of the results was found. Conclusion Our study revealed the causal relationship between GM and IgAN, and expanded the variety of bacterial taxa causally related to IgAN. These bacterial taxa could become novel biomarkers to facilitate the development of targeted therapies for IgAN, developing our understanding of the "gut-kidney axis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Ren
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiubai Jin
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelei Ren
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongli Zhan,
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Nie Q, Luo Q, Yan W, Zhang T, Wang H, Wu J. Rheumatoid arthritis and coronary atherosclerosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1033644. [PMID: 37187788 PMCID: PMC10175685 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1033644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and coronary atherosclerosis is widely concerned, but observational studies have not clarified causality. We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the causal association between RA and coronary atherosclerosis. Methods we mainly conducted MR analysis using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach. Weighted median, MR-Egger regression and maximum likelihood were conducted as sensitivity analyses for supplementary analysis. Multivariate MR also were performed to validate the results of two-sample MR. Furthermore, we performed the MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO, Cochran's Q test, and "Leave-one-out" to assess the levels of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Results IVW result showed a positive link between genetic predisposition to RA and increased relative risk of coronary atherosclerosis (OR: 1.0021, 95%CI 1.0011-1.0031, P < 0.05). The result was confirmed by the weighted median method (OR: 1.0028, 95%CI 1.0014-1.0042, P < 0.05), MR-Egger regression (OR: 1.0031, 95%CI 1.0012-1.0049, P < 0.05) and maximum likelihood (OR: 1.0021, 95%CI 1.0011-1.0030, P < 0.05). Multivariate MR also reached a consistent conclusion. In addition, MR-Egger intercept (P = 0.20) and MR-PRESSO (P = 0.06) did not provide evidence of horizontal pleiotropy. Meanwhile, the results of Cochran's Q test (P = 0.05) and "Leave-one-out" failed to detect significant heterogeneity. Conclusion The result of the two-sample MR analysis found genetic evidence to support the positive causal association between RA and coronary atherosclerosis, suggesting that active intervention for RA may reduce the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Nie
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Correspondence: Han Wang Jing Wu
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Correspondence: Han Wang Jing Wu
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Aman A, Slob EAW, Ward J, Cullen B, Graham N, Lyall DM, Sattar N, Strawbridge RJ. Investigating the potential impact of PCSK9-inhibitors on mood disorders using eQTL-based Mendelian randomization. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279381. [PMID: 36580462 PMCID: PMC9799310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prescription of PCSK9-inhibitors has increased in recent years but not much is known about its off-target effects. PCSK9-expression is evident in non-hepatic tissues, notably the brain, and genetic variation in the PCSK9 locus has recently been shown to be associated with mood disorder-related traits. We investigated whether PCSK9 inhibition, proxied by a genetic reduction in expression of PCSK9 mRNA, might have a causal adverse effect on mood disorder-related traits. We used genetic variants in the PCSK9 locus associated with reduced PCSK9 expression (eQTLs) in the European population from GTEx v8 and examined the effect on PCSK9 protein levels and three mood disorder-related traits (major depressive disorder, mood instability, and neuroticism), using summary statistics from the largest European ancestry genome-wide association studies. We conducted summary-based Mendelian randomization analyses to estimate the causal effects, and attempted replication using data from eQTLGen, Brain-eMETA, and the CAGE consortium. We found that genetically reduced PCSK9 gene-expression levels were significantly associated with reduced PCSK9 protein levels but not with increased risk of mood disorder-related traits. Further investigation of nearby genes demonstrated that reduced USP24 gene-expression levels was significantly associated with increased risk of mood instability (p-value range = 5.2x10-5-0.03), and neuroticism score (p-value range = 2.9x10-5-0.02), but not with PCSK9 protein levels. Our results suggest that genetic variation in this region acts on mood disorders through a PCSK9-independent pathway, and therefore PCSK9-inhibitors are unlikely to have an adverse impact on mood disorder-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Aman
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric A. W. Slob
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behaviour and Biology, Erasmus School of Economics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joey Ward
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Breda Cullen
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Graham
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Donald M. Lyall
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rona J. Strawbridge
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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The Association between Blood Lipids and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Research. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010027. [PMID: 36676952 PMCID: PMC9862633 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the causal effects of blood lipid levels on systemic lupus erythematosus with a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to blood lipids levels (p < 5 × 10−8) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) from a published genome-wide association study (GWAS). SLE GWAS analysis that included 4036 cases and 6959 controls of European ancestry provided the related roles between instrumental variables and result (SLE). The causal effects were evaluated with two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. According to the inverse-variance weighted approaches, genes predictive of increased LDL cholesterol (OR: 1.131; 95% CI: 0.838, 1.528; p = 0.420), HDL cholesterol (OR: 1.093; 95% CI: 0.884, 1.352; p = 0.412), triglycerides (OR: 0.903; 95% CI: 0.716, 1.137; p = 0.384), Apolipoprotein A-I (OR: 0.854; 95% CI: 0.680, 1.074; p = 0.177), and Apolipoprotein B (OR: 0.933; 95% CI: 0.719, 1.211; p = 0.605) were not causally related to the risk of SLE, consistent with multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis. The reverse-MR analyses showed no massive causal roles between SLE and LDL cholesterol (OR: 0.998; 95% CI: 0.994, 1.001; p = 0.166) as well as Apolipoprotein B (OR: 0.998; 95% CI: 0.994, 1.001; p = 0.229). Nevertheless, a causal role of SLE in decreasing HDL cholesterol (OR: 0.993; 95% CI: 0.988, 0.997; p = 0.002), triglycerides (OR: 0.996; 95% CI: 0.993, 0.999; p = 0.010), and Apolipoprotein A-I (OR: 0.995; 95% CI: 0.990, 0.999; p = 0.026) was validated to some extent. Our study found no causal association between abnormal blood lipids and SLE nor a causal effect between SLE and LDL cholesterol as well as Apolipoprotein B. Nevertheless, some evidence showed that SLE exerted a causal effect on lowering HDL cholesterol, Apolipoprotein A-I, and triglyceride levels.
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Wang T, Cheng J, Wang Y. Genetic support of a causal relationship between iron status and atrial fibrillation: a Mendelian randomization study. GENES & NUTRITION 2022; 17:8. [PMID: 35637428 PMCID: PMC9153204 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-022-00708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia disease. Animal and observational studies have found a link between iron status and atrial fibrillation. However, the causal relationship between iron status and AF remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to use Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, which has been widely applied to estimate the causal effect, to reveal whether systemic iron status was causally related to atrial fibrillation.
Methods
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated (P < 5 × 10−8) with four biomarkers of systemic iron status were obtained from a genome-wide association study involving 48,972 subjects conducted by the Genetics of Iron Status consortium. Summary-level data for the genetic associations with atrial fibrillation were acquired from the AFGen (Atrial Fibrillation Genetics) consortium study (including 65,446 atrial fibrillation cases and 522,744 controls). We used a two-sample MR analysis to obtain a causal estimate and further verified credibility through sensitivity analysis.
Results
Genetically instrumented serum iron [OR 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.16; p = 0.01], ferritin [OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.02–1.33; p = 0.02], and transferrin saturation [OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01–1.11; p = 0.01] had positive effects on atrial fibrillation. Genetically instrumented transferrin levels [OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86–0.97; p = 0.006] were inversely correlated with atrial fibrillation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, our results strongly elucidated a causal link between genetically determined higher iron status and increased risk of atrial fibrillation. This provided new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation.
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Chen C, Wang P, Zhang RD, Fang Y, Jiang LQ, Fang X, Zhao Y, Wang DG, Ni J, Pan HF. Mendelian randomization as a tool to gain insights into the mosaic causes of autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103210. [PMID: 36273526 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a broad range of disorders which are characterized by long-term inflammation and tissue damage arising from an immune response against one's own tissues. It is now widely accepted that the causes of ADs include environmental factors, genetic susceptibility and immune dysregulation. However, the exact etiology of ADs has not been fully elucidated to date. Because observational studies are plagued by confounding factors and reverse causality, no firm conclusions can be drawn about the etiology of ADs. Over the years, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis has come into focus, offering unique perspectives and insights into the etiology of ADs and promising the discovery of potential therapeutic interventions. In MR analysis, genetic variation (alleles are randomly dispensed during meiosis, usually irrespective of environmental or lifestyle factors) is used instead of modifiable exposure to explore the link between exposure factors and disease or other outcomes. Therefore, MR analysis can provide a valuable method for exploring the causal relationship between different risk factors and ADs when its inherent assumptions and limitations are fully considered. This review summarized the recent findings of MR in major ADs, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), focused on the effects of different risk factors on ADs risks. In addition, we also discussed the opportunities and challenges of MR methods in ADs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ruo-Di Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Ling-Qiong Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
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