1
|
Wang Z, Xue H, Sun Y, Wang Q, Sun W, Zhang H. Deciphering the Biological Aging Impact on Alveolar Bone Loss: Insights From α-Klotho and Renal Function Dynamics. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae172. [PMID: 38995226 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone loss is generally considered a chronological age-related disease. As biological aging process is not absolutely determined by increasing age, whether alveolar bone loss is associated with increasing chronological age or biological aging remains unclear. Accurately distinguishing whether alveolar bone loss is chronological age-related or biological aging-related is critical for selecting appropriate clinical treatments. This study aimed to identify the relationship between alveolar bone loss and body aging. In total, 3 635 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and 71 living kidney transplant recipients from Gene Expression Omnibus Datasets were enrolled. Multivariate regression analysis, smooth curve fittings, and generalized additive models were used to explore the association among alveolar bone loss, age, serum α-Klotho level, renal function markers, as well as between preoperative creatinine and renal cortex-related α-Klotho gene expression level. Meanwhile, a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to assess the causal relationship between α-Klotho and periodontal disease (4 376 individuals vs 361 194 individuals). As a biological aging-related indicator, the α-Klotho level was negatively correlated with impaired renal function and alveolar bone loss. Correspondingly, accompanied by decreasing renal function, it was manifested with a downregulated expression level of α-Klotho in the renal cortex and aggravated alveolar bone loss. The MR analysis further identified the negative association between higher genetically predicted α-Klotho concentrations with alveolar bone loss susceptibility using the IVW (odds ratio [OR] = 0.999, p = .005). However, an inversely U-shaped association was observed between chronological age and alveolar bone loss, which is especially stable in men (the optimal cutoff values were both 62 years old). For men above 62 years old, increasing age is converted to protective factor and is accompanied by alleviated alveolar bone loss. Alveolar bone loss that is directly associated with decreased renal function and α-Klotho level was related to biological aging rather than chronological age. The renal-alveolar bone axis could provide a new sight of clinical therapy in alveolar bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wansu Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hengguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang X, Miao J, Huang Y, Li L, Zhuang G. Preventive and therapeutic effect of vitamin D on depression-like behavior in a mouse adolescent depression model and its association with BDNF protein expression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1425681. [PMID: 39135986 PMCID: PMC11317463 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1425681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies in different populations have shown that vitamin D supplementation may reduce depression levels. In adolescents, vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a factor contributing to the onset of depression. This study aimed to establish a model of adolescent depression in mice by using the scientific unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model and to preliminarily evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the occurrence and development of depression and whether it is related to the protein expression of the BDNF pathway. Methods The UCMS method was used to establish a model of adolescent depression in 4-week-old C57BL/6 male mice, randomly divided into five groups: Control group, Stress group, Stress+ low-dose group, Stress+ medium-dose group, Stress+ high-dose group. At the same time as chronic stress, the administration groups were given intramuscular injections of different doses of vitamin D. After 8 weeks, behavioral tests, including the forced swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT), were performed on each group of mice, along with recording of indicators, blood vitamin D level detection, and brain tissue western blot analysis. Results The results showed a significant difference in vitamin D levels among mice in different groups after 8 weeks (P=0.012). The results of behavioral testing showed a significant difference in the static time of forced swimming among the groups (P<0.001). Compared with the UCMS group, the static time of mice with vitamin D injection was significantly reduced (P<0.001). The total number of times mice entered the central area, the total distance of movement, and the time spent in the central area significantly increased after vitamin D injection compared with the UCMS-only group (all P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the expression of BDNF in the brain tissues of experimental mice (P>0.05). Discussion In conclusion, in the mouse adolescent depression model, appropriate vitamin D supplementation can reduce the occurrence of stress-induced depression. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency may also serve as a potential risk factor for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Yang
- Department of Psychology, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, The people’s hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Junxiao Miao
- Department of Psychology, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, The people’s hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinglin Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gengsen Zhuang
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, The Medical University of Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gould JF, Cuthbert AR, Yelland LN, Gibson RA, Smithers LG, Zhou SJ, Makrides M. Association of cord blood vitamin D with child neurodevelopment at 7 years of age. J Paediatr Child Health 2024; 60:312-322. [PMID: 38847094 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM The role of fetal vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)], one of the nuclear steroid transcription regulators, and brain development is unclear. We previously found a weak but persistent association between cord blood 25(OH)D and child language abilities at 18 months and 4 years of age, but no association with cognition or behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cord blood 25(OH)D and a range of neurodevelopmental outcomes in these same children at 7 years of age. METHODS Cord blood samples from 250 Australian mother-child pairs were analysed for 25(OH)D by mass spectroscopy. Children underwent tests of cognition, language, academic abilities and executive functions with a trained assessor at 7 years of age. Caregivers completed questionnaires to rate their child's behaviour and executive functioning in the home environment. Associations between standardised 25(OH)D and outcomes were assessed using regression models, taking into account possible social and demographic confounders. RESULTS Standardised 25(OH)D in cord blood was not associated with any test or parent-rated scores. Nor was there any association with the risk of having a poor test or parent-rated score. Likewise, cord blood 25(OH)D categorised as <25, 25-50 and >50 nmol/L was not associated with test scores or parent-rated scores. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence that cord blood vitamin D concentration or deficiency was associated with cognition, language, academic abilities, executive functioning or behaviour at 7 years of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline F Gould
- Discipline of Public Health, SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alana R Cuthbert
- Discipline of Public Health, SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa N Yelland
- Discipline of Public Health, SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A Gibson
- Discipline of Public Health, SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa G Smithers
- Discipline of Public Health, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shao J Zhou
- Discipline of Public Health, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- Discipline of Public Health, SAHMRI Women and Kids, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Public Health, Discipline of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamamoto ALC, Corrêa MDP, Torres RR, Martins FB, Godin-Beekmann S. Projected changes in ultraviolet index and UV doses over the twenty-first century: impacts of ozone and aerosols from CMIP6. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1279-1294. [PMID: 38762827 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the health-related weighted ultraviolet radiation (UVR) due to the total ozone content (TOC) and the aerosol optical depth (AOD) changes. Clear-sky Ultraviolet Index (UVI), daily doses, and exposure times for erythema induction (Dery and Tery) and vitamin D synthesis (DvitD and TvitD) were computed by a radiative transfer estimator. TOC and AOD data were provided by six Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). For projections, we consider four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios-SSPs (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5)-and two time-slices (near: 2041-2060 and far future: 2081-2100). UVR projections showed pronounced changes for the summer hemispheres in the far future. TOC increases in mid- and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere caused decreases in UVR at the summer solstice. However, projections did not indicate sun-safe exposure conditions in South America, Australia, and Southern Africa. On the contrary, exposure around solar noon from 10 to 20 min will still be sufficient to induce erythema in skin type III individuals throughout this century. In southern Argentina and Chile, the UVR insufficiency for vitamin D synthesis at solar noon in skin type III remains the same during this century at the winter solstice. In the Northern Hemisphere, UVI and Dery at the summer solstice should remain high (UVI ≥ 8; Dery ~ 7.0 kJ m-2) in highly populated locations. Above 45 °N, UVR levels cannot be enough to synthesize vitamin D in skin type III during the boreal winter. Our results show that climate change will affect human health through excess or lack of solar UVR availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo de Paula Corrêa
- Natural Resources Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Av. BPS, 1303, Itajubá, MG, 37500-903, Brazil
| | - Roger Rodrigues Torres
- Natural Resources Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Av. BPS, 1303, Itajubá, MG, 37500-903, Brazil
| | - Fabrina Bolzan Martins
- Natural Resources Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Av. BPS, 1303, Itajubá, MG, 37500-903, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kanmodi KK, Amzat J, Aminu K. Theories, determinants, and intervention models and approaches on inequalities of undernutrition amongst under fives: A literature review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2078. [PMID: 38690007 PMCID: PMC11058263 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims One of the greatest public health problems of the 21st century is undernutrition in children under the age of 5 years (CAUFY). Globally, over 232 million CUAFY are undernourished and approximately 45% of mortality in this population are undernutrition-induced. This paper reviewed and critically explained the factors perpetuating undernutrition in CUAFY in the global space. It further explained the multi-level determinants that influence health inequalities and consequently exacerbate undernutrition amongst CUAFY globally. It also went further to explain the intervention models and approaches that can be used to tackle undernutrition in CUAFY. Methods/Literature Search Strategy Demiris et al.'s approach to narrative review was utilized for this paper. Relevant articles on child nutrition were retrieved from multiple credible databases and websites of foremost health organizations. Using an iterative process, multiple combinations of search terms were done by stringing relevant key terms and their synonyms with Boolean Operators. This process was constantly refined to align search results with the study aim. Database search produced relevant and resourceful publications which were utilized to develop this review. Results The global burden of undernutrition remains high, especially in Oceania with the highest prevalence of stunting and wasting (41.4% and 12.5%), with Africa and Asia following closely. Malnutrition eradication is a global health issue of high priority as demonstrated by the "Goal 2" of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the United Nations (UN) Decade of Action on Nutrition 2016-2025. The review identified no significant positive outcome from previous interventions due to the endemic health inequalities. Determinants of the multi-level health inequalities associated with undernutrition in CUAFY, and probable solutions are explained with theoretical models of health inequalities. A diagonal intervention approach was proposed as a viable solution to ending undernutrition in CUAFY. Conclusion The application of relevant theoretical models and context-specific intervention approaches can be utilized by stakeholders to close the existing inequality gaps, thereby reducing undernutrition amongst CUAFY globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
- School of DentistryUniversity of RwandaKigaliRwanda
- Child Health and Wellbeing (CHAW) ProgramCephas Health Research Initiative IncIbadanNigeria
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of PuthisastraPhnom PenhCambodia
- School of Health and Life SciencesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK
| | - Jimoh Amzat
- Department of SociologyUsmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokotoNigeria
| | - Kafayat Aminu
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental HealthUniversity College HospitalIbadanNigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Crem C, Van Winckel M, Vandenplas Y, Raaijmakers A. Self-reported prescribing behaviour of vitamin D prophylaxis in healthy children by Belgian paediatricians. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:295-300. [PMID: 38172347 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
There is currently no consensus on the guidelines for vitamin D prophylaxis in healthy children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prescribing behaviour of vitamin D prophylaxis among Belgian paediatricians. Between June and September 2022, a questionnaire was distributed by email to all Belgian paediatricians who are a member of at least one of three scientific or professional organisations, as well as to the heads of every Belgian paediatric or neonatal hospital ward. We analysed 426 completed questionnaires. All regions, age categories and subspecialties were represented. Vitamin D prophylaxis is always or frequently recommended by 98% of paediatricians. Fifty-eight per cent of paediatricians advise vitamin D prophylaxis up to the age of six years and 66% of paediatricians advise a daily dose of 400 IU. In nearly every hospital in Belgium (96%), there is a specific protocol for vitamin D prophylaxis for newborns; but not for the paediatric unit (only 30%). Nearly all Belgian paediatricians prescribe vitamin D prophylaxis to infants. Although not recommended by guidelines, 25(OH)D is frequently measured by paediatricians. Practices regarding duration and dosing of vitamin D prophylaxis show large variability. Most neonatal wards do have a protocol, whereas most paediatric wards do not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte De Crem
- Paediatrician in training, MD, Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Ghent, 9000, Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Myriam Van Winckel
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, University Hospital Ghent, 9000, Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), UZ Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anke Raaijmakers
- General Paediatrics, Hospital Network Antwerp, 2170, Merksem, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
- UNSW School of Women's and Children's Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tsang HW, Tung KTS, Wong RS, Wong SY, Tung JYL, Chua GT, Ho MHK, Pang CP, Wong WHS, Chan GCF, Wong ICK, Ip P. Association of vitamin D-binding protein polymorphisms and serum 25(OH)D concentration varies among Chinese healthy infants of different VDR-FokI genotypes: A multi-centre cross-sectional study. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:63-72. [PMID: 38146611 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D during infancy is associated with the development of chronic diseases and poor health later in life. While the effect of environmental factors on vitamin D concentration has been extensively explored, this study aimed to explore the effect of genetic factors on vitamin D concentration among Chinese infants. We conducted a multi-centre cross-sectional study in Hong Kong from July 2019 to May 2021. A candidate genetic approach was adopted to study four selected genetic variants of the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) (rs4588, rs7041, rs2282679 and rs2228570) to examine their associations with measured serum 25(OH)D concentration. A total of 378 Chinese infants aged 2-12 months were recruited in this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the infants to measure serum 25(OH)D concentration and extract DNA. Results showed that rs7041T and rs2282679C were significantly associated with lower serum 25(OH)D concentration. Further analysis of the DBP variants revealed that the GC1F allele was significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration and identified as the risk DBP isoform in infants. While our results revealed that there is no direct association between VDR-FokI genotype and serum 25(OH)D concentration, a VDR-FokI genotype-specific pattern was observed in the association between DBP isoforms and serum 25(OH)D concentration. Specifically, significant associations were observed in the DBP genotypes GC1F/F, GC1F/2 and GC1S/2 among VDR-FokI TT/TC carriers, but not in VDR-FokI CC carriers. Our findings lay down the basis for the potential of genetic screening to identify high risk of hypovitaminosis D in Chinese infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hing Wai Tsang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keith T S Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rosa S Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siew Yan Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joanna Y L Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gilbert T Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Marco H K Ho
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wilfred H S Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Godfrey C F Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ian C K Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun S, Armada-da-Silva PAS, Shao Y. Editorial: Exercise and diet: strategies and prescriptions to improve mental and cognitive health. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1347233. [PMID: 38239904 PMCID: PMC10794546 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1347233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Sun
- School of Physical Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Paulo A. S. Armada-da-Silva
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yongcong Shao
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou DY, Wei SM, Zhu CL, Wei YH, Wang XM, Yi LL, Yang ST, Peng QL. Age-, season- and gender-specific reference intervals of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 for healthy children (0 ~ 18 years old) in Nanning area of China. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:2. [PMID: 38166513 PMCID: PMC10763313 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Establishing specific reference intervals (RIs) of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] for children is essential for improving the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of diseases such as rickets and growth retardation. The study including 6,627 healthy children was conducted to establish specific RIs of 25(OH)D for children in Nanning area of China. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences among age, season, and gender of serum 25(OH)D levels, and the age-specific RIs of serum 25(OH)D were 20.3 ~ 53.6 ng/mL for 0 ~ ≤ 1 year and 18.9 ~ 49.6 ng/mL for 2 ~ ≤ 3 years. The age-, season-specific RIs of serum 25(OH)D for 4 ~ ≤ 6 years in spring-summer and autumn-winter were 15.8 ~ 42.6 ng/mL and 15.2 ~ 37.7 ng/mL, respectively. The age-, gender-specific RIs of serum 25(OH)D for 7 ~ ≤ 18 years for males and females were 12.1 ~ 36.1 ng/mL and 10.8 ~ 35.3 ng/mL, respectively. This study successfully established the RIs of serum 25(OH)D, which may help to improve disease diagnosis and monitoring for children in the Nanning area of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yi Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Shang-Mou Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Chun-Ling Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu-Hong Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Li-Ling Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Si-Tao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi-Liu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530201, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zagkos L, Drenos F, Emmett P, Blakemore AI, Nordström T, Hurtig T, Jarvelin MR, Dovey TM. Associations of adolescents' diet and meal patterns with school performance in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986: A Mendelian randomisation study. Appetite 2023; 190:107036. [PMID: 37734238 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several observational studies indicate that dietary habits in children and adolescents are associated with school performance. These associations are heavily confounded by socio-economic characteristics, such as household income and parents' educational attainment, amongst other factors. The objective of this study was to explore the association between diet and school performance in adolescents from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986). METHODS Dietary and school performance data were collected using self-reported questionnaires from adolescents in the NFBC1986 cross-sectional, 16-year follow-up study. In this work we derived exploratory factors for the dietary variables, frequency of skipping main meals and school performance variables, performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) against these factors to obtain genetic association data and conducted one-sample and two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses using individual level data for up to 9220 adolescents in NFBC1986 and GWAS results from external cohorts. We report observational and MR effects of diet on school performance and cognition-related phenotypes. RESULTS The observational study and the one-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis showed that high fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) consumption was associated with poor school performance in general/science subjects (-0.080, -0.128 to -0.033) and staple food consumption with better school performance in general/science subjects (0.071, 0.024 to 0.119) and physical education (0.065, 0.021 to 0.110). Findings from our two-sample MR analysis identified dietary principal components described best as whole brain bread, wheat, cheese, oat cereal and red wine to be associated with higher educational attainment and other cognition-related phenotypes. CONCLUSION Using genetics, we highlighted the potential role of HFSS food consumption and consumption of the components of a staple food diet for school performance. However, further research is required to find conclusive evidence that could support a causal role of diet on school performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loukas Zagkos
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Pauline Emmett
- Bristol Medical School: Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, 69 St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, UK
| | - Alexandra I Blakemore
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Tanja Nordström
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran Katu 1, 90570, Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulun Yliopisto, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran Katu 1, 90570, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland; Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, 90230, Peltolantie 13-15, 90210, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK; Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulun Yliopisto, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK; Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, OYS, Kajaanintie 50, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Terence M Dovey
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muskens JB, Ester WA, Klip H, Zinkstok J, van Dongen-Boomsma M, Staal WG. Novel Insights into Somatic Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents Across Psychiatric Diagnoses: An Explorative Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01587-w. [PMID: 37656290 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Many children with psychiatric disorders display somatic symptoms, although these are frequently overlooked. As somatic morbidity early in life negatively influences long-term outcomes, it is relevant to assess comorbidity. However, studies of simultaneous psychiatric and somatic assessment in children are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of somatic comorbidities in a clinical sample of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders in a naturalistic design. Data were assessed from 276 children with various psychiatric disorders (neurodevelopmental disorders, affective disorders, eating disorders and psychosis) aged 6-18 years. These data were collected as part of routine clinical assessment, including physical examination and retrospectively analyzed. For a subsample (n = 97), blood testing on vitamin D3, lipid spectrum, glucose and prolactin was available. Results of this cross-sectional study revealed that food intake problems (43%) and insomnia (66%) were common. On physical examination, 20% of the children were overweight, 12% displayed obesity and 38% had minor physical anomalies. Blood testing (n = 97) highlighted vitamin D3 deficiency (< 50 nmol/L) in 73% of the children. None of the predefined variables (gender, age, medication and socioeconomic factors) contributed significantly to the prevalence of somatic comorbidities. The main somatic comorbidities in this broad child- and adolescent psychiatric population consisted of (1) problems associated with food intake, including obesity and vitamin D3 deficiency and (2) sleeping problems, mainly insomnia. Child and adolescent psychiatrists need to be aware of potential somatic comorbidities and may promote a healthy lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jet B Muskens
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wietske A Ester
- Sarr Autism Rotterdam, Youz Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, Dynamostraat 18, Rotterdam, 3083 AK, The Netherlands
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Kiwistraat 30, The Hague, 2552 DH, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Endegeesterstraatweg 27, Oegstgeest, 2342 AK, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Klip
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Zinkstok
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martine van Dongen-Boomsma
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter G Staal
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yuan M, Li Y, Chang J, Zhang X, Wang S, Cao L, Li Y, Wang G, Su P. Vitamin D and suicidality: a Chinese early adolescent cohort and Mendelian randomization study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e52. [PMID: 37553982 PMCID: PMC10465318 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Previous cross-sectional and case-control studies have proposed that decreased vitamin D levels are positively correlated with the risk of suicidality in adults. However, limited studies have examined the association between vitamin D and suicidality in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D and suicidality risk among early adolescents. METHODS Data were obtained from a Chinese early adolescent cohort. In this cohort, seventh-grade students from a middle school in Anhui Province were invited to voluntarily participate in the baseline assessments and provide peripheral blood samples (in September 2019). The participants were followed up annually (in September 2020 and September 2021). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and vitamin D-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms at baseline were measured in November 2021. Traditional observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to examine the relationship between serum 25(OH)D at baseline and the risk of baseline and incident suicidality (i.e., suicidal ideation [SI], plans and attempts). RESULTS Traditional observational analysis did not reveal a significant linear or non-linear association of serum 25(OH)D concentration with the risks of baseline and 2-year incident suicidality in the total sample (P > .05 for all). Sex-stratified analysis revealed a non-linear association between the 25(OH)D concentration and the risk of baseline SI in women (Poverall = .002; Pnon-linear = .001). Moreover, the risk of baseline SI in the 25(OH) insufficiency group was lower than that in the 25(OH) deficiency group in the total sample (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51-0.92, P = .012). This difference remained significant in women (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.40-0.87, P = .008) but not in men (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.53-1.15, P = .205). Additionally, both linear and non-linear MR analyses did not support the causal effect of serum 25(OH)D concentration on the risk of baseline, 1-year and 2-year incident suicidality (P > .05 for all). CONCLUSIONS This study could not confirm the causal effect of vitamin D on suicidality risk among Chinese early adolescents. Future studies must confirm these findings with a large sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yonghan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junjie Chang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Leilei Cao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xiaoxia L, Jilong J, Xianrui C, Yanhui C. Vitamin D status and tic disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1173741. [PMID: 37325365 PMCID: PMC10267821 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1173741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Tic disorders (TD) are a common neurodevelopmental disorder, it can be divided into transient tic disorder (TTD), chronic motor or vocal tic disorder (CTD), and Tourette syndrome (TS). Our research is to evaluate the clinical relationship between tic disorders and vitamin D level in children. Methods Online databases, including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase digital knowledge service platform, were checked up to June 2022 for relevant observational studies published in Chinese and English. A random-effects model was incorporated to summarize the study results. The RevMan5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results Out of 132 retrieved articles, 13 observational studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis, comparing serum Vitamin D levels between children with TD and HC (healthy controls), including different subtypes of TD (TTD, CTD and TS). The results showed that the serum vitamin D levels in the TD group were lower than those in the HC group (MD = -6.64, 95% CI: -9.36 to -3.93, P < 0.001, Heterogeneity test: P < 0.001, I2 = 94%). There were no statistically significant differences in serum vitamin D levels between the TTD group and the CTD group (MD = 3.84, 95% CI: -0.59 to 8.26, P = 0.09, Heterogeneity test: P < 0.001, I2 = 90%), or between the CTD group and the TS group (MD = 1.06, 95% CI: -0.04 to 2.16, P = 0.0, Heterogeneity test: P = 0.54, I2 = 0%). However, there was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D levels between the TTD group and the TS group (MD = 5.24, 95% CI: 0.68-9.80, P = 0.02, Heterogeneity test: P < 0.001, I2 = 92%). The study also found a statistically significant difference in the ratio of male children between the TD group and the HC group (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07-2.03, P = 0.02, Heterogeneity test: P < 0.001, I2 = 74%), but no statistically significant difference in the age of children between the TD group and the HC group (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: -0.33 to 1.24, P = 0.25, Heterogeneity test: P < 0.001, I2 = 96%). Conclusions Our meta-analysis showed that the vitamin D level of children with TD was lower than that of healthy children. However, there was no difference between the subgroup. Due to the limitations of included studies in research design and diagnostic criteria, large samples, multi-center and high-quality studies are still needed for further analysis and confirmation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiaoxia
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiang Jilong
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen Xianrui
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Xiamen Rehabilitation Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen Yanhui
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Segal D, Ziv A, Meisman A, Fry J, Altaye M, Gordon CM. Relationship Between Hypovitaminosis D and Fractures Among Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:107-114. [PMID: 35883262 DOI: 10.1177/00099228221112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with overweight/obesity are at risk for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Both overweight/obesity and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency may predispose to fractures. We enrolled 103 participants (53.3% females, 15.9 ± 2.2 years) in a retrospective case-control study to determine whether an association exists between fractures and a low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) among adolescents whose body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85 percentile. Cases (n = 28) sustaining a low/medium impact fracture were matched to controls (n = 75) without a fracture history. A conditional-logistic regression analysis addressing the common vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency cutoffs was used. Overweight, obesity, and significant obesity rates were 10.7%, 53.4%, and 35.9%, respectively. Mean (±SD) 25(OH)D was 16.5 ± 6.4 ng/mL. In all, 25(OH)D insufficiency rates (level <20 ng/mL) were 70.5%. Matched cases and controls had similar 25(OH)D insufficiency/deficiency rates (P > .05). Controlling for race and seasonality showed no association between fractures and 25(OH)D insufficiency/deficiency (P > .05). These data suggest that fractures are not associated with low 25(OH)D levels among adolescents whose BMI ≥ 85th percentile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Segal
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Meir Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Adi Ziv
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Adolescent Medicine Unit, Department of Day Care Hospitalization, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Andrea Meisman
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jordan Fry
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Catherine M Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Janoušek J, Pilařová V, Macáková K, Nomura A, Veiga-Matos J, Silva DDD, Remião F, Saso L, Malá-Ládová K, Malý J, Nováková L, Mladěnka P. Vitamin D: sources, physiological role, biokinetics, deficiency, therapeutic use, toxicity, and overview of analytical methods for detection of vitamin D and its metabolites. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 59:517-554. [PMID: 35575431 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2070595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has a well-known role in the calcium homeostasis associated with the maintenance of healthy bones. It increases the efficiency of the intestinal absorption of dietary calcium, reduces calcium losses in urine, and mobilizes calcium stored in the skeleton. However, vitamin D receptors are present ubiquitously in the human body and indeed, vitamin D has a plethora of non-calcemic functions. In contrast to most vitamins, sufficient vitamin D can be synthesized in human skin. However, its production can be markedly decreased due to factors such as clothing, sunscreens, intentional avoidance of the direct sunlight, or the high latitude of the residence. Indeed, more than one billion people worldwide are vitamin D deficient, and the deficiency is frequently undiagnosed. The chronic deficiency is not only associated with rickets/osteomalacia/osteoporosis but it is also linked to a higher risk of hypertension, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or cancer. Supplementation of vitamin D may be hence beneficial, but the intake of vitamin D should be under the supervision of health professionals because overdosing leads to intoxication with severe health consequences. For monitoring vitamin D, several analytical methods are employed, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in detail in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Janoušek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pilařová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anderson Nomura
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Veiga-Matos
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kateřina Malá-Ládová
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Malý
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Youness RA, Dawoud A, ElTahtawy O, Farag MA. Fat-soluble vitamins: updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:60. [PMID: 36064551 PMCID: PMC9446875 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and Gender are vital determinants for the micronutrient demands of normal indviduals. Among these micronutrients are vitamins that are required in small amounts for optimum metabolism, homeostasis, and a healthy lifestyle, acting as coenzymes in several biochemical reactions. The majority of previous studies have examined such issues that relates to a specific vitamin or life stage, with the majority merely reporting the effect of either excess or deficiency. Vitamins are classified into water-soluble and fat-soluble components. The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Fat-soluble vitamins were found to have an indisputable role in an array of physiological processes such as immune regulation, vision, bone and mental health. Nonetheless, the fat-soluble vitamins are now considered a prophylactic measurement for a multitude of diseases such as autism, rickets disease, gestational diabetes, and asthma. Herein, in this review, a deep insight into the orchestration of the four different fat-soluble vitamins requirements is presented for the first time across the human life cycle beginning from fertility, pregnancy, adulthood, and senility with an extensive assessment ofthe interactions among them and their underlying mechanistic actions. The influence of sex for each vitamin is also presented at each life stage to highlight the different daily requirements and effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. .,Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alyaa Dawoud
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar ElTahtawy
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Low socioeconomic status predicts vitamin D status in a cross-section of Irish children. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e61. [PMID: 35912305 PMCID: PMC9334117 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is essential for bone and muscle health with adequate status in childhood crucial for normal skeletal development. We aimed to investigate vitamin D status in a convenience sample (n = 1226) of Irish children (aged 1-17 years) who had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) tested by request of their GP at a Dublin Hospital between 2014 and 2020. We examined predictors including age, sex, season and socioeconomic status (SES). Vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/l) was prevalent affecting 23 % and was more common in disadvantaged areas (34 %) and in those aged >12 v. ≤12 years (24 % v. 16 %, P = 0⋅033). The greatest predictor was SES (disadvantaged v. affluent, OR 2⋅18, CI 1⋅34, 3⋅53, P = 0⋅002), followed by female sex (OR 1⋅57, CI 1⋅15, 2⋅14, P = 0⋅005) and winter season (October to February, OR 1⋅40, CI 1⋅07, 1⋅84, P = 0⋅015). A quarter of our sample of children were deficient, rising to one-third in those in disadvantaged areas. Females and those aged over 12 years had a higher prevalence of deficiency. Public health strategies to improve vitamin D status in Irish children, including systematic food fortification may need to be considered to address this issue.
Collapse
|
18
|
Colonetti T, Paulino AS, Sartor JP, Grande AJ, Colonetti L, Rosa MID. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy to prevent vitamin D deficiency in newborns: a systematic review and meta-analysis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9304202200020002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on the outcomes of vitamin D concentration in newborns, length at birth, overall health (Apgar), birth weight and maternal vitamin D concentration after childbirth. Methods: this research was conducted in the electronic databases of MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE and Cochrane Library until December 2020, using the terms “vitamin D”, “pregnancy”, “vitamin D deficiency”, “infant”, “newborn” and their synonyms. Randomized controlled trials were searched by evaluating the effects of maternal vitamin D supplementation in neonates. The data was analyzed on RevMan 5.4 software and the quality of evidence on GRADE. Results: the newborn’s overall health condition was presented as Apgar, with a mean difference (MD) of 0.15 (CI95%=0.06-0.25; p=0.002; I2=0%, two studies, 648 participants, moderate quality evidence) at the first minute and 0.11 (CI95%=0.04-0.17; p=0.001; I2=0%, two studies, 648 participants, moderate quality evidence) at the fifth minute. Significant effects were also presented at the length at birth considering any supplemented dose (MD=0.19; CI95%=0.08-0.30; p=0.0010; I2=0%, 1452 participants, low quality evidence) and birth weight in doses higher than 4000IU/day (MD=257.05 (CI95%=137.81-376.29; p<0.0001; I2=14%, 176 participants, moderate quality evidence). Conclusion: vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy improves serum 25 (OH) D concentration and suggests positive effects on overall health condition, length at birth and birth weight. PROSPERO CRD42017073292.
Collapse
|
19
|
A Systematic Review of Vitamin D during Pregnancy and Postnatally and Symptoms of Depression in the Antenatal and Postpartum Period from Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112300. [PMID: 35684101 PMCID: PMC9183028 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mood disorder associated with childbirth and is hypothesized to be affected by low vitamin D. This systematic review identified two randomized controlled trials (RCT) of vitamin D supplementation for the treatment or prevention of depressive symptoms in the perinatal period, as well as 18 observational studies of vitamin D exposure and depression in the antenatal and postnatal periods. Both RCTs claimed an improvement in depressive symptoms in the vitamin D group, although the sample sizes were too small to draw firm conclusions. The case-control and cohort studies had mixed findings and were limited by study quality. There were inconsistent results within the few studies with a more robust methodology or within samples restricted to women likely to have depression. The current evidence is inconclusive due to the poor quality and heterogeneity of studies, likely contributing to the contradictory findings. Given there are already numerous RCTs of prenatal vitamin D supplementation, we recommend adding an appropriate measure of depression in the perinatal period to assist in resolving the uncertainty.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rahmani M, Mahvelati A, Farajinia AH, Shahyad S, Khaksarian M, Nooripour R, Hassanvandi S. Comparison of Vitamin D, Neurofeedback, and Neurofeedback Combined with Vitamin D Supplementation in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2022; 25:285-393. [PMID: 35943003 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, some treatments such as neurofeedback and Vitamin D Supplementation are of great importance in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To determine the efficacy of the combined treatment, the present trial was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of each one of them with combined neurofeedback and vitamin D supplementation in the reduction of ADHD symptom in children suffering from this disorder. Methods: In this study from March 2020 to June 2020, we enrolled a total of 120 patients (6-15 years old) who were referred to the Mehr psychiatric hospital (affiliated to Lorestan University of Medical Sciences). Patients were then randomly categorized into three experimental groups and one control group. The first, the second, and the third experimental groups consumed vitamin D pearl, neurofeedback combined with vitamin D, and neurofeedback for 12 weeks, respectively. The control group was given no treatment. Vitamin D serum level was evaluated at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks in all participants. For data collection, the Parent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) was applied. The obtained information was analyzed using repeated measure variance analysis. Results: The mean scores were significantly different across the groups. Repeated measure variance analysis showed that the mean score was lower in the combined group in comparison with the other three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Combined treatment could be considered as more effective compared to separate treatments. In addition, in this study, by applying the combined intervention, the duration of treatment decreased significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Azadeh Mahvelati
- Department of Counseling, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Farajinia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanistic Sciences, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorram Abad, Iran
| | - Shima Shahyad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Roghieh Nooripour
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Hassanvandi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanistic Sciences, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorram Abad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
van der Wurff I, Oenema A, de Ruijter D, Vingerhoets C, van Amelsvoort T, Rutten B, Mulkens S, Köhler S, Schols A, de Groot R. A Scoping Literature Review of the Relation between Nutrition and ASD Symptoms in Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:1389. [PMID: 35406004 PMCID: PMC9003544 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication skills, and repetitive and restrictive behaviors and interests. Even though there is a biological basis for an effect of specific nutrition factors on ASD symptoms and there is scientific literature available on this relationship, whether nutrition factors could play a role in ASD treatment is unclear. The goal of the current literature review was to summarize the available scientific literature on the relation between nutrition and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in childhood, and to formulate practical dietary guidelines. A comprehensive search strategy including terms for ASD, nutrition factors (therapeutic diets, dietary patterns, specific food products, fatty acids and micronutrients) and childhood was developed and executed in six literature databases (Cinahl, Cochrane, Ovid Embase, PsycInfo, PubMed and Web of Science). Data from meta-analyses, systematic reviews and original studies were qualitatively summarized. A total of 5 meta-analyses, 29 systematic reviews and 27 original studies were retrieved that focused on therapeutic diets, specific food products, fatty acids and micronutrients and ASD symptoms during childhood. Results of the available studies were sparse and inconclusive, and hence, no firm conclusions could be drawn. There is currently insufficient evidence for a relation between nutrition and ASD symptoms in childhood, making it impossible to provide practical nutrition guidelines; more methodological sound research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge van der Wurff
- Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Conditions for Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands;
| | - Anke Oenema
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.O.); (D.d.R.)
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Dennis de Ruijter
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.O.); (D.d.R.)
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (T.v.A.); (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (T.v.A.); (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (T.v.A.); (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Mulkens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (T.v.A.); (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- SeysCentra, 6581 TE Malden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (T.v.A.); (B.R.); (S.M.); (S.K.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie Schols
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Renate de Groot
- Conditions for Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
López-Gil JF, García-Hermoso A. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and subjective well-being among Chilean children. Appetite 2022; 172:105974. [PMID: 35181381 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Scientific literature has demonstrated positive associations between psychological health (e.g., self-esteem, self-concept) and quality of diet in young population. However, the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) (referred to the way in which individuals experience and evaluate their lives in positive versus negative ways) and adherence to the MD, as well as the specific eating MD patterns in this population is unexplored. The aim of this study was two-fold: first, to explore the association between subjective well-being (SWB) and adherence to the MD, and second, to determine the possible MD specific eating patterns that could be associated with SWB among Chilean schoolchildren. This cross-sectional study includes a sample of 1490 children aged 8-12 (33.6% girls). SWB was evaluated according to Diener's tripartite model, evaluating the life satisfaction (CUBE questionnaire), positive affect and negative affect (PANAS-C8 questionnaire). Adherence to the MD was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED) questionnaire. Both life satisfaction (p = 0.009) and positive affect (p = 0.041) are significant higher in children with high adherence to the MD in comparison to non-adherence peers. Similarly, daily intake of fruit or fruit juice was associated with life satisfaction (β = 0.117, p = 0.008) and positive affect (β = 0.087, p = 0.050). This association was also found for the intake of a dairy product for breakfast (life satisfaction: β = 0.117, p = 0.005; positive affect: β = 0.104, p = 0.013). Our study demonstrated that higher life satisfaction and SWB are related with higher adherence to the MD, as well as, with the intake of fruit/fruit juice and dairy intake (for breakfast); not being so for negative affect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feng Z, Lu K, Ma Y, Liu F, Zhang X, Li H, Fu Y. Effect of a high vs. standard dose of vitamin D3 supplementation on bone metabolism and kidney function in children with chronic kidney disease. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:990724. [PMID: 36405836 PMCID: PMC9673817 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.990724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of high- vs. standard-dose vitamin D supplementation on kidney function and bone metabolism in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Children were randomized to receive one of two formulations: 75 participants received 2,000 IU/D of oral supplementation of vitamin D, while 75 participants received 400 IU/d for a minimum of 4 months. We investigated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on kidney-related indicators and bone metabolism-related indicators at different doses. A total of 158 participants were screened, among whom 150 met the inclusion criteria. The indicators of chronic kidney disease such as eGFR and serum uric acid were negatively correlated with the 25(OH)D level and BMD. Serum 25(OH)D and osteocalcin levels were positively correlated with spine BMD. The standard dose of vitamin D can improve the serum uric acid level, but high doses of vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on the serum uric acid level. High doses of vitamin D supplementation can also improve the alkaline phosphatase level. When comparing the results of different doses of vitamin D supplementation, it was found that high-dose vitamin D supplementation did not improve bone density in the spine and femur neck relative to the standard dose of vitamin D but improved hypocalcemia and N-terminal propeptide of the human procollagen type I (PINP) level. Among the children with clinical kidney disease, high-dose vitamin D treatment for 4 months resulted in statistically significant improvement in kidney function but no significant difference in bone metabolism compared with the standard-dose vitamin D treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Taian Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Kunna Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Xinhuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Muskens J, Klip H, Zinkstok JR, van Dongen-Boomsma M, Staal WG. Vitamin D status in children with a psychiatric diagnosis, autism spectrum disorders, or internalizing disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:958556. [PMID: 36186854 PMCID: PMC9515420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.958556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Multiple studies suggest that children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have significantly lower vitamin D3 levels than typically developing children. However, whether vitamin D3 deficiency is more common in children with ASD than in children with other psychiatric disorders remains unclear. This study was conducted to explore the prevalence of vitamin D3 in children with a psychiatric diagnosis including children with ASD or with internalizing disorders (mood and anxiety disorders). In addition, this study investigated the potential associations between vitamin D3 and Body Mass Index (BMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical data, including BMI and vitamin D3 levels, of 93 children (6-18 years; n = 47; 51% female) with ASD (n = 58) and internalizing disorders (n = 37) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS In the overall sample, the prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was 77.4%. Additionally, 75.9% of the children with ASD and 79.5% with internalizing disorders had vitamin D3 deficiency. BMI was inversely related to vitamin D3 in the total group (p = 0.016). The multiple regression model for the total group significantly predicted vitamin D3 (p = 0.022). Age contributed significantly to the prediction. Stratified for sex and primary diagnosis, multiple regression models showed that for boys with ASD, higher BMI levels were associated with lower vitamin D3 levels (p = 0.031); in boys with internalizing disorders and in girls, no relation was found between BMI and vitamin D3 levels. CONCLUSION In this this cross-sectional, explorative study high rates of vitamin D3 deficiency in children with different psychiatric disorders were found. The results showed an inverse relation between BMI and vitamin D3 levels in the total group. Vitamin D3 deficiency was particularly common in boys with ASD and obesity. Lifestyle factors may contribute to the association between high BMI and low vitamin D3 levels in boys with ASD. Vitamin D3 deficiency is common in patients with psychiatric disorders and it is highly recommended to increase clinicians' awareness of this common and remediable risk factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jet Muskens
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Helen Klip
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Janneke R Zinkstok
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Martine van Dongen-Boomsma
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter G Staal
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Luo X, Wu F, Wang C, Wen C. Analysis of Development Trends of the Research Hotspots of Vitamin D in Children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:899844. [PMID: 35601441 PMCID: PMC9120835 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.899844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using multivariate statistics and social network analysis techniques, we present a realistic and intuitive visualization of the research hotspots and development trends of vitamin D in children. METHODS The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term "vitamin D" was used to search all the publications (the study subjects were 0-18 years old) included in PubMed by time period. The subject terms for each development stage were extracted, the high-frequency subject terms were extracted using the Bibliographic Items Co-occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB), and a core subject term co-occurrence matrix was established. The Netdraw function of Ucinet 6.0 software was used to complete the social network drawing of the core subject term co-occurrence matrix to form a co-word network diagram composed of core subject terms. RESULTS Prior to 1979, there were 890 papers with 1,899 core subject terms; from 2010 to 2020, there were 3,773 papers with 12,682 core subject terms. Before 1979, the research direction of vitamin D in children focused on vitamin D in the classical regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. From 1980 to 1989, studies focused on vitamin D metabolites and therapeutic drugs such as "calcitriol" and "calcifediol." From 1990 to 1999, studies focused on "calcitriol" and its association with "psoriasis," "chronic renal failure," and "dermatological drugs." From 2000 to 2009, studies focused on "vitamin D" and "vitamin D deficiency." From 2010 to 2020, studies focused on "vitamin D3" and its association with "vitamins," "bone mineral density protectants," "asthma," "obesity," "pregnancy complications" and "fetal blood." CONCLUSION Since 2010, the research direction of vitamin D in children has been growing rapidly, and the overall development trend is good. Studies extend from the study of the skeletal effect of vitamin D to the study of its extraskeletal effect and the investigation of mechanisms of its association with related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feifeng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuan Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang S, Xu Q, Wang A, Yuan F, Luo X, Wang Y, Guo M, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Ji X, Ren Y, Chen Y. Correlation Between Tic Disorders and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Chinese Children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:833371. [PMID: 35615632 PMCID: PMC9124939 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.833371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and tic disorders (TDs) in Chinese children. METHODS We selected 2960 children with TD and 2665 healthy controls, aged 5-14 years, from the Department of Neurology of the Shanghai Children's Hospital. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and degrees of vitamin D deficiency were compared between patients with TD and healthy children. RESULTS The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in the TD group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in the TD group was significantly higher than that in the control group. However, there was no correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and the severity of TD. In addition, for age-wise comparison, mean levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and its deficiency in the TD group were the most significant in children over 9 years of age. CONCLUSION There is a correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and TD in Chinese children, but not between 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and the severity of TD. There was a correlation between age and deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D; this deficiency was most pronounced among those over the age of 9 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanmei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaona Luo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Ji
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Ren
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yucai Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The psychological impact of COVID-19 quarantine on children, and the role of parental support and physical environment design. DISCOVER PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8476211 DOI: 10.1007/s44202-021-00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is a contagious infection that caused a global lockdown and affected children who needed to stay home. There is a lack of knowledge about the role of parental stress and physical environment design on children’s mental wellbeing in quarantine. We hypothesis that COVID-19 quarantine affected child mental health, and that paternal stress or support, and child physical environment including household space, colors, sunlight exposure, and natural views, impacted child mental wellbeing in the quarantine. To assess the effect of quarantine on a child’s mental health, an online survey was administered globally through scientific organizations and social media. Those over 18 years old, and guardians of children were asked to participate in the survey. The survey was filled by 114 guardians from 31 countries. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Most participants experienced stress in the quarantine and reported child anxiety symptoms including focus reduction, sleeping difficulties, and appetite changes. Family fun activities and encouraging words, were mostly successful in reducing child anxiety. Reporting anxiety symptoms in children were more common in parents who had mental hardships compared to those who did not experience mental problems or had an improved mental status. Physical environment assessment showed that households with bright walls associated with fewer reports of child mental problems compared to households with neutral wall colors, and that most guardians thought that their children’s living space was not sufficient to play and study. Architects can provide evidence-based recommendations for customers to support children’s mental health.
Collapse
|
28
|
Tuovinen S, Räikkönen K, Holmlund-Suila E, Hauta-alus H, Helve O, Rosendahl J, Enlund-Cerullo M, Kajantie E, Valkama S, Viljakainen H, Mäkitie O, Andersson S, Heinonen K. Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Neurodevelopment of Healthy Term Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2124493. [PMID: 34495336 PMCID: PMC8427371 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Vitamin D may be important for neurodevelopment. The optimal daily dose of vitamin D for early brain development is not known. Objectives To test whether a higher (1200 IU) vs standard (400 IU) dose of vitamin D3 has beneficial effects on neurodevelopment in the first 2 years of life and whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is associated with neurodevelopment. Design, Setting, and Participants This double-blind, interventional randomized clinical trial involved healthy infants born full-term between January 1, 2013, and June 30, 2014, at a maternity hospital in Helsinki, Finland, at the 60th northern latitude. Two-year follow-up was conducted by May 30, 2016. Data analysis was by the intention-to-treat principle. Data were analyzed from November 1, 2020, to May 31, 2021. Interventions Randomization of 404 infants to receive 400 IU of oral vitamin D3 supplementation daily and 397 infants to receive 1200 IU of oral vitamin D3 supplementation daily from 2 weeks to 24 months of age. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were child total developmental milestone scores at 12 and 24 months of age measured using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (total score is calculated as a mean of the 5 subscale scores: total score range, 0-60, where 0 indicates delay in all developmental domains and 60 indicates that the child can master all age-specific skills) as well as externalizing, internalizing, and dysregulation problems and competencies scores at 24 months measured using the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (range 0-2, where 0 indicates no problems or no competencies and 2 indicates a high level of problems or a high level of competencies; variables were standardized to the mean [SD] of 0 [1]). Secondary outcomes were specific skills, problems, and competencies derived from these questionnaires. Results Of the 987 families recruited, 495 children were randomly assigned to receive 400 IU of vitamin D3, and 492 children were randomly assigned to receive 1200 IU of vitamin D3. A total of 801 families participated in the follow-up at 12 and/or 24 months, with 404 children (207 girls [51.2%]) in the 400-IU group and 397 children (198 girls [49.9%]) in the 1200-IU group. All children were of Northern European ethnicity. No differences were found between the 400-IU group and the 1200-IU group in the mean (SD) adjusted Ages and Stages Questionnaire total score at 12 months (45.0 [7.1] vs 46.2 [7.9]; mean difference [MD], 1.17 [95% CI, -0.06 to 2.38]) or 24 months (50.9 [5.3] vs 51.5 [5.5]; MD, 0.48 [95% CI, -0.40 to 1.36]). No differences were found between the 400-IU group and the 1200-IU group at 24 months in the mean (SD) adjusted Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment externalizing domain score (-0.07 [1.00] vs 0.07 [0.98]; MD, 0.15 [95% CI, -0.01 to 0.31]), internalizing domain score (0.04 [1.06] vs -0.02 [0.98]; MD, -0.07 [95% CI, -0.24 to 0.1.0]), dysregulation domain score (-0.00 [1.04] vs 0.02 [0.96]; MD, 0.02 [95% CI, -0.14 to 0.18]), or competencies score (-0.02 [1.02] vs 0.01 [1.02]; MD, 0.03 [95% CI, -0.13 to 0.20]). The 1200-IU group did have a higher risk in the adjusted model of scoring 1.5 SDs or more on the externalizing domain score (odds ratio, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.19-4.56]; P = .01). Levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were not associated with the primary outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance Higher-than-standard vitamin D3 doses provide no systematic benefits for child neurodevelopment up to 2 years of age. However, the potential disadvantageous effects of higher doses could not be fully excluded; even if minimal, the potential nonbeneficial effects of higher-than-standard doses warrant further studies in which both safety and benefits should be evaluated. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01723852.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soile Tuovinen
- Psychology/Welfare Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Holmlund-Suila
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Hauta-alus
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Otto Helve
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Rosendahl
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Enlund-Cerullo
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Unit for Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Surgery, Child Psychiatry, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Saara Valkama
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Psychology/Welfare Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Libuda L, Naaresh R, Ludwig C, Laabs BH, Antel J, Föcker M, Hebebrand J, Hinney A, Peters T. A mendelian randomization study on causal effects of 25(OH)vitamin D levels on attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2581-2591. [PMID: 33245439 PMCID: PMC8275531 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While observational studies revealed an inverse association between serum 25(OH)vitamin D (25(OH)D) and the risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the causality of this relationship remains unclear. METHODS We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study to examine whether 25(OH)D has an effect on the risk to develop ADHD or vice versa. Information on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with serum 25(OH)D was obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) considering phenotype data from 79,366 individuals of European ancestry. Data on risk for ADHD were derived from a GWAS analysis with 20,183 individuals diagnosed with ADHD and 35,191 controls. For our analysis, we considered effect sizes based on the European participants (19,099 cases and 34,194 controls). RESULTS Single SNP analyses showed a causal effect of vitamin D on ADHD risk for only one SNP (rs12785878, p = 0.024). The overall MR estimates did not reveal a causal effect of 25(OH)D on risk for ADHD. In the reverse analysis, neither any single nor the multi-SNP MR analyses showed a causal effect of ADHD on 25(OH)D. CONCLUSION Results from this two-sample MR study did not confirm a causal effect of 25(OH)D on ADHD or vice versa. Accordingly, our study does not provide evidence that improving 25(OH)D via supplementation could reduce the risk of developing ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Libuda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany.
- Research Institute for the Prevention of Allergies and Respiratory Diseases in Childhood, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483, Wesel, Germany.
| | - Roaa Naaresh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Ludwig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Björn-Hergen Laabs
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Föcker M, Timmesfeld N, Bühlmeier J, Zwanziger D, Führer D, Grasemann C, Ehrlich S, Egberts K, Fleischhaker C, Wewetzer C, Wessing I, Seitz J, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Hebebrand J, Libuda L. Vitamin D Level Trajectories of Adolescent Patients with Anorexia Nervosa at Inpatient Admission, during Treatment, and at One Year Follow Up: Association with Depressive Symptoms. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072356. [PMID: 34371865 PMCID: PMC8308738 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Evidence has accumulated that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are at higher risk for vitamin D deficiency than healthy controls. In epidemiologic studies, low 25(OH) vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were associated with depression. This study analyzed the relationship between 25(OH)D serum levels in adolescent patients and AN and depressive symptoms over the course of treatment. (2) Methods: 25(OH)D levels and depressive symptoms were analyzed in 93 adolescent (in-)patients with AN from the Anorexia Nervosa Day patient versus Inpatient (ANDI) multicenter trial at clinic admission, discharge, and 1 year follow up. Mixed regression models were used to analyze the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and depressive symptoms assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). (3) Results: Although mean 25(OH)D levels constantly remained in recommended ranges (≥50 nmol/L) during AN treatment, levels decreased from (in)patient admission to 1 year follow up. Levels of 25(OH)D were neither cross-sectionally, prospectively, nor longitudinally associated with the BDI-II score. (4) Conclusions: This study did not confirm that 25(OH)D levels are associated with depressive symptoms in patients with AN. However, increasing risks of vitamin D deficiency over the course of AN treatment indicate that clinicians should monitor 25(OH)D levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-25-1835-3636
| | - Nina Timmesfeld
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Judith Bühlmeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.B.); (J.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.Z.); (D.F.)
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (D.Z.); (D.F.)
| | - Corinna Grasemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rare Diseases, St Josef-Hospital, and CeSER, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Karin Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Christian Fleischhaker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Christoph Wewetzer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kliniken der Stadt Köln, 51067 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Ida Wessing
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.S.); (B.H.-D.)
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.S.); (B.H.-D.)
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.B.); (J.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (J.B.); (J.H.); (L.L.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Paderborn University, Consumption and Health, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Libuda L, Hebebrand J, Föcker M, Peters T, Hinney A. [Nutrition and mental health - how findings from genetic studies can support the identification of dietary effects]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2021; 50:217-226. [PMID: 34114882 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition and mental health - how findings from genetic studies can support the identification of dietary effects Abstract. Introduction: Numerous studies indicate that dietary interventions could be an important approach to the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. However, conventional nutritional epidemiological approaches (e. g., observational studies and randomized controlled trials, RCTs) have specific limitations to consider when interpreting the results. This article examines whether genetic studies could help to establish a link between diet and the prevention of mental disorders. Furthermore, it examines whether it is possible to draw conclusions about causal relationships. Methods: This narrative review describes various approaches of genetic cross-phenotype studies and presents examples of their applications in nutritional psychiatry. In addition, it discusses specific requirements as well as the strengths and limitations of the respective approaches. Results: To date, in the context of nutritional psychiatry, genetic correlation analyses, look-up analyses, and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have been used for genetic crossphenotype analyses. Genetic correlation and look-up analyses provide initial evidence of possible overlap between specific mental disorders and metabolic pathways or specific nutrients. MR studies are used for detailed analyses that aim to identify causal relationships. However, MR is based on specific assumptions that must be met and considered when results are interpreted. Conclusion: Genetic cross-phenotype analyses are a useful amendment to conventional nutritional epidemiological research. In particular, positive results from MR studies provide an important fundament for identifying and developing suitable dietary interventions, which in turn increases the chance of success upon testing in subsequent RCTs. Accordingly, genetic cross-phenotype analyses are important instruments for increasing the efficiency in nutritional psychiatric research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Libuda
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen.,Institut für Ernährung, Konsum und Gesundheit, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Universität Paderborn
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Universität Münster
| | - Triinu Peters
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - Anke Hinney
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Kliniken und Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kumari S, Singh K, Kumari S, Nishat H, Tiwary B. Association of Vitamin D and Reproductive Hormones With Semen Parameters in Infertile Men. Cureus 2021; 13:e14511. [PMID: 34007762 PMCID: PMC8121190 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypovitaminosis D has been linked with poor semen parameters and endocrinological factors in male infertility. This study aimed to analyze the association of serum vitamin D levels and reproductive hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and total testosterone (TT) with the semen parameters in a cohort of infertile men. Methodology In this study, 224 infertile men (aged 18-45 years) were recruited after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Semen analysis was performed as per the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of semen parameters: normozoospermic men and men with one or more altered semen parameters as per the WHO 2010 guidelines for all the analysis. Vitamin D and hormone levels were evaluated by quantitative competitive immunoassay by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay technology with flexible assay protocols (Architect, Abbott Diagnostics, Lake Forest, IL, USA). The patients were further divided into three groups on the basis of vitamin D levels: Sufficient (>20 ng/mL), insufficient (12-20 ng/mL), and deficient (<12 ng/mL). These groups were compared for different semen and hormonal parameters. Results Out of the 224 infertile men included, 124 were normozoospermic while 100 patients had one or more altered semen parameters. The median age of the participants was 30 years (minimum = 18 years, maximum = 45 years). The serum vitamin D and TT levels were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) and FSH (p = 0.001) and LH levels (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in those with one or more altered semen parameters compared to the normozoospermic men. The sperm concentration, total motility, linear progressive motility, percentage normal morphology, and serum TT levels were significantly lower in the patients with serum vitamin D levels of <12 ng/mL in both the normozoospermic men and those with one or more altered semen parameters compared to patients with higher vitamin D levels. Semen parameters such as sperm concentration, total motility, linear progressive motility, and morphology were positively correlated with the levels of serum vitamin D and TT. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency was examined in a large proportion of infertile men. Serum vitamin D and TT levels were positively associated with semen parameters evident from lower levels of vitamin D and TT in men with altered semen parameters compared to normozoospermic men. However, further comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to further validate the role of vitamin D in male infertility by checking the effect of vitamin D supplementation on semen parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Kumari
- Reproductive Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, IND
| | - Kalpana Singh
- Reproductive Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, IND
| | - Shubhanti Kumari
- Reproductive Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, IND
| | - Huma Nishat
- Reproductive Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, IND
| | - Bhawana Tiwary
- Reproductive Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, IND
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Głąbska D, Kołota A, Lachowicz K, Skolmowska D, Stachoń M, Guzek D. The Influence of Vitamin D Intake and Status on Mental Health in Children: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:952. [PMID: 33809478 PMCID: PMC7999324 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A potential role of vitamin D in some components of mental health is currently suggested, but the analyses are conducted mainly for adults, while for young individuals mental health is especially important, due to its lifelong effects. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between vitamin D intake or status and mental health in children within a systematic review of literature, including both intervention and observational studies. The literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and it covered peer-reviewed studies included in databases of PubMed and Web of Science until October 2019. The studies presenting either vitamin D intake, or vitamin D status in human subjects were allowed (excluding subjects with intellectual disabilities, eating disorders and neurological disorders), while for mental health the various methods of assessment and wide scope of factors were included. The bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020155779). A number of 7613 studies after duplicate removing were extracted by two independent researchers, followed by screening and assessment for eligibility, conducted by two independent researchers in two steps (based on title and abstract). Afterwards, the full texts were obtained and after reviewing, a number of 24 studies were included. The synthetic description of the results was prepared, structured around exposure (vitamin D supplementation/status) and outcome (components of mental health). The included studies were conducted either in groups of healthy individuals, or individuals with mental health problems, and they assessed following issues: behavior problems, violence behaviors, anxiety, depressive symptoms/depression, aggressive disorder, psychotic features, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, suicidal incident, as well as general patterns, as follows: mental health, level of distress, quality of life, well-being, mood, sleep patterns. The vast majority of assessed studies, including the most prominent ones (based on the NOS score) supported potential positive influence of vitamin D on mental health in children. As a limitation of the analysis, it should be indicated that studies conducted so far presented various studied groups, outcomes and psychological measures, so more studies are necessary to facilitate comparisons and deepen the observations. Nevertheless, vitamin D intake within a properly balanced diet or as a supplementation, except for a safe sun exposure, should be indicated as an element supporting mental health in children, so it should be recommended to meet the required 25(OH)cholecalciferol blood level in order to prevent or alleviate mental health problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Kołota
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Lachowicz
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Dominika Skolmowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Stachoń
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (K.L.); (D.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
de Figueiredo CS, Sandre PC, Portugal LCL, Mázala-de-Oliveira T, da Silva Chagas L, Raony Í, Ferreira ES, Giestal-de-Araujo E, Dos Santos AA, Bomfim POS. COVID-19 pandemic impact on children and adolescents' mental health: Biological, environmental, and social factors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110171. [PMID: 33186638 PMCID: PMC7657035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was announced, we had an unprecedented change in the way we organize ourselves socially and in our daily routine. Children and adolescents were also greatly impacted by the abrupt withdrawal from school, social life and outdoor activities. Some of them also experienced domestic violence growing. The stress they are subjected to directly impacts their mental health on account of increased anxiety, changes in their diets and in school dynamics, fear or even failing to scale the problem. Our aim is to bring up a discussion under different aspects and to alert public health and government agents about the need for surveillance and care of these individuals. We hope that the damage to their mental health as a result of the side effect of this pandemic can be mitigated by adequate and timely intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Saggioro de Figueiredo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Poliana Capucho Sandre
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Thymus Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Liana Catarina Lima Portugal
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | - Thalita Mázala-de-Oliveira
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Luana da Silva Chagas
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Raony
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Elenn Soares Ferreira
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Giestal-de-Araujo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation - INCT-NIM, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Interactions, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Oliveira-Silva Bomfim
- NuPEDEN, Nucleus for Research, Education, Dissemination and Neurosciences Popularization, Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation - INCT-NIM, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; Rio de Janeiro Neuroinflammation Research Network, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Vitamin D can be obtained from diet, direct sunlight, or supplementation. The most common form is synthesized in the skin after exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. Nevertheless, the thought is that vitamin D is more of a multifunctional hormone or prohormone. This is because vitamin D plays contributes to many processes in the body. Calcitriol has been shown to have enhancing effects on the immune system, the cardiovascular system, the endocrine system, and other metabolic pathways. There is evidence that vitamin D has also a role in depression, pain, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Ellison
- Austin Peay State University, School of Nursing, 601 College Street, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA.
| | - Heather R Moran
- Austin Peay State University, School of Nursing, 601 College Street, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ciccone IM, Costa EM, Pariz JR, Teixeira TA, Drevet JR, Gharagozloo P, Aitken RJ, Hallak J. Serum vitamin D content is associated with semen parameters and serum testosterone levels in men. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:52-58. [PMID: 32341213 PMCID: PMC7831823 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of serum vitamin D levels on semen quality and testosterone levels. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with 508 male patients, aged 18-60 years, from 2007 to 2017. Seminal parameters and serum sexual hormones were correlated with serum vitamin D concentrations in 260 men selected by strict selection criteria. Patients were divided into normozoospermic group (NZG, n = 124) and a group with seminal abnormalities (SAG, n = 136). Evaluation included complete physical examination, past medical history, habits and lifestyle factors, two complete seminal analysis with sperm functional tests, serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3(25(OH)VD3), total and free testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total cholesterol, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and karyotype. The mean concentration of 25(OH)VD3was significantly lower in the SAG (P < 0.001) and positively correlated with all baseline seminal parameters and total testosterone levels. In addition, serum vitamin D3concentration was found to be positively correlated with sperm concentration (β= 2.103; P < 0.001), total number of spermatozoa with progressive motility (β = 2.069; P = 0.003), total number of motile spermatozoa (β = 2.571; P = 0.015), and strict morphology (β = 0.056; P = 0.006), regardless of other variables. This is the first comparative study to address the issue of serum vitamin D3content between normozoospermic patients and those with sperm abnormalities. It clearly demonstrates a direct and positive relationship between serum vitamin D level and overall semen quality, male reproductive potential, and testosterone levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inari M Ciccone
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, Sao Paulo 04534-011, Brazil
- Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Elaine Mf Costa
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, Sao Paulo 04534-011, Brazil
- Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Pariz
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, Sao Paulo 04534-011, Brazil
- Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Thiago A Teixeira
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, Sao Paulo 04534-011, Brazil
- Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Urology Department, Federal University of Amapa, Macapa 68903-419, Brazil
| | - Joel R Drevet
- Faculty of Medicine, GReD Laboratory, Université Clermont Auvergne, 49, Bd François-Mitterrand - CS 60032, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France
| | | | - Robert J Aitken
- CellOxess LLC, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jorge Hallak
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, Sao Paulo 04534-011, Brazil
- Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
- Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Libuda L, Timmesfeld N, Antel J, Hirtz R, Bauer J, Führer D, Zwanziger D, Öztürk D, Langenbach G, Hahn D, Ring S, Peters T, Hinney A, Bühlmeier J, Hebebrand J, Grasemann C, Föcker M. Effect of vitamin D deficiency on depressive symptoms in child and adolescent psychiatric patients: results of a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3415-3424. [PMID: 32108263 PMCID: PMC7669774 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While observational studies revealed inverse associations between serum vitamin D levels [25(OH)D] and depression, randomized controlled trials (RCT) in children and adolescents are lacking. This RCT examined the effect of an untreated vitamin D deficiency compared to an immediate vitamin D3 supplementation on depression scores in children and adolescents during standard day and in-patient psychiatric treatment. METHODS Patients with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D ≤ 30 nmol/l] and at least mild depression [Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) > 13] (n = 113) were 1:1 randomized into verum (VG; 2640 IU vitamin D3/d) or placebo group (PG) in a double-blind manner. During the intervention period of 28 days, both groups additionally received treatment as usual. BDI-II scores were assessed as primary outcome, DISYPS-II (Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Self- and Parent Rating) and serum total 25(OH)D were secondary outcomes. RESULTS At admission, 49.3% of the screened patients (n = 280) had vitamin D deficiency. Although the intervention led to a higher increase of 25(OH)D levels in the VG than in the PG (treatment difference: + 14 ng/ml; 95% CI 4.86-23.77; p = 0.003), the change in BDI-II scores did not differ (+ 1.3; 95% CI - 2.22 to 4.81; p = 0.466). In contrast, DISYPS parental ratings revealed pronounced improvements of depressive symptoms in the VG (- 0.68; 95% CI - 1.23 to - 0.13; p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Whereas this study failed to show a vitamin D supplementation effect on self-rated depression in adolescent in- or daycare patients, parents reported less depressive symptoms in VG at the end of our study. Future trials should consider clinician-rated depressive symptoms as primary outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION "German Clinical Trials Register" ( https://www.drks.de ), registration number: DRKS00009758.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Libuda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany.
- Research Institute for the Prevention of Allergies and Respiratory Diseases in Childhood, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany.
| | - Nina Timmesfeld
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Raphael Hirtz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Klinik für Kinderheilkunde II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Bauer
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Klinik für Kinderheilkunde II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dana Öztürk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Gina Langenbach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Hahn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ring
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Judith Bühlmeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Corinna Grasemann
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Klinik für Kinderheilkunde II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Children's Hospital, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 174, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jahrami H, Bragazzi NL, Grant WB, AlFarra HSM, AlFara WSM, Mashalla S, Saif Z. Vitamin D Doses from Solar Ultraviolet and Dietary Intakes in Patients with Depression: Results of a Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092587. [PMID: 32858873 PMCID: PMC7551208 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study to estimate cumulative vitamin D doses from solar ultraviolet and dietary intakes in patients with depression and compare it to healthy controls. Using a case-control research design, a sample of 96 patients with depression were age- and sex-matched with 96 healthy controls. Dietary vitamin D dose was estimated from diet analysis. Vitamin D-weighted ultraviolet solar doses were estimated from action spectrum conversion factors and geometric conversion factors accounting for the skin type, the fraction of body exposed, and age factor. Patients with depression had a lower dose of vitamin D (IU) per day with 234, 153, and 81 per day from all sources, sunlight exposure, and dietary intake, respectively. Controls had a higher intake of vitamin D (IU) per day with 357, 270, and 87 per day from all sources, sunlight exposure, and dietary intake, respectively. Only 19% and 30% met the minimum daily recommended dose of ≥400 IU per day for cases and controls, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, percentage correctly classified and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) Area for the estimated vitamin D against serum vitamin D as reference were 100%, 79%, 80%, and 89%. Physical activity level was the only predictor of daily vitamin D dose. Vitamin D doses are lower than the recommended dose of ≥400 IU (10 mcg) per day for both cases with depression and healthy controls, being much lower in the former.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain, P.O. Box 12 Manama, Bahrain; (H.S.M.A.); (W.S.M.A.); (S.M.); (Z.S.)
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671 Manama, Bahrain
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +97-317-270-637
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - William Burgess Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA;
| | | | | | - Shahla Mashalla
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain, P.O. Box 12 Manama, Bahrain; (H.S.M.A.); (W.S.M.A.); (S.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zahra Saif
- Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain, P.O. Box 12 Manama, Bahrain; (H.S.M.A.); (W.S.M.A.); (S.M.); (Z.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Leidy HJ, Gwin JA. Growing up strong: The importance of physical, mental, and emotional strength during childhood and adolescence with focus on dietary factors. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1071-1080. [PMID: 32650648 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are critical time periods for growth and development. Given the current physical and psychological health concerns affecting United States youth, an emerging area of interest exists supporting the importance of physical and psychological aspects of strength for health, resilience, and well-being through these life stages. This synopsis highlights the key concepts that were presented within the 2018 Strength Summit conference, entitled The Role of Strength in Optimal Health and Well-being. During the conference, strength was broadly defined as the ability to successfully respond to a challenge. Although much of the current research focuses on strength from a muscle function and performance perspective, mental and emotional strength are also important components of overall health and well-being, especially in children and adolescents. This paper provides a brief overview of the clinical and/or research-based strength outcomes, summarizes the relationship between strength and health, and discusses evidence-based dietary factors that promote strength in children and adolescents. Novelty Building physical, mental, and emotional strength during childhood and adolescence lays the foundation for health and well-being. Emerging evidence indicate positive associations between diet quality and strength in children and adolescents. Promising areas include the promotion of family-based meals, with focus on breakfast, for improved strength in United States youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Leidy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Jess A Gwin
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Maretzke F, Bechthold A, Egert S, Ernst JB, Melo van Lent D, Pilz S, Reichrath J, Stangl GI, Stehle P, Volkert D, Wagner M, Waizenegger J, Zittermann A, Linseisen J. Role of Vitamin D in Preventing and Treating Selected Extraskeletal Diseases-An Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040969. [PMID: 32244496 PMCID: PMC7231149 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that vitamin D may have beneficial effects on respiratory tract, autoimmune, neuro-degenerative, and mental diseases. The present umbrella review of systematic reviews (SRs) of cohort studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs), plus single Mendelian randomisation studies aims to update current knowledge on the potential role of vitamin D in preventing and treating these extraskeletal diseases. Altogether, 73 SRs were identified. Observational data on primary prevention suggest an inverse association between vitamin D status and the risk of acute respiratory tract infections (ARI), dementia and cognitive decline, and depression, whereas studies regarding asthma, multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are scarce. SRs of RCTs support observational data only for the risk of ARI. No respective RCTs are available for the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), MS, and T1DM. SRs of RCTs indicate beneficial therapeutic effects in vitamin D-deficient patients with asthma and COPD, while effects on major depression and T1DM need to be further elucidated. Mendelian randomisation studies do not consistently support the results of SRs. Since several limitations of the included SRs and existing RCTs do not permit definitive conclusions regarding vitamin D and the selected diseases, further high-quality RCTs are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Maretzke
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Angela Bechthold
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Jana B. Ernst
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, University Hospital Saarland, 66424 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Gabriele I. Stangl
- Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Dorothee Volkert
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90408 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Julia Waizenegger
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-3776-628
| | - Armin Zittermann
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (F.M.); (A.B.); (J.B.E.); (J.L.)
- University Center of Health Sciences at Klinikum Augsburg (UNIKA-T), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Menon V, Kar SK, Suthar N, Nebhinani N. Vitamin D and Depression: A Critical Appraisal of the Evidence and Future Directions. Indian J Psychol Med 2020; 42:11-21. [PMID: 31997861 PMCID: PMC6970300 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_160_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence points to the role of vitamin D in the pathobiology and treatment of depression. However, the evidence is inconsistent in many aspects. The objectives of this narrative review were to evaluate the state of the evidence, synthesize the knowledge gaps, and formulate recommendations for more enhanced research in this growing area. METHODS Electronic searches of MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were carried out from inception till February 2019 to identify relevant English language peer-reviewed articles. Abstracts generated were systematically screened for eligibility. Included articles were grouped under three broad themes: The association between vitamin D and depression, its biological underpinnings, and trials evaluating the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in depression. Relevant data were extracted as per a structured proforma. RESULTS A total of 61 articles were included in the present review. Overall findings were that there is a relationship between vitamin D and depression, though the directionality of this association remains unclear. The association appears to be driven by the homeostatic, trophic, and immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D. Evidence from supplementation trials suggest a more robust therapeutic effect on subjects with major depression and concurrent vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSION Serum vitamin D levels inversely correlate with clinical depression, but the evidence is not strong enough to recommend universal supplementation in depression. Enriching depression treatment trials with subjects having concurrent vitamin D deficiency appears to be a potential step forward in identifying subgroups who may maximally benefit from this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Adan RAH, van der Beek EM, Buitelaar JK, Cryan JF, Hebebrand J, Higgs S, Schellekens H, Dickson SL. Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1321-1332. [PMID: 31735529 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Does it matter what we eat for our mental health? Accumulating data suggests that this may indeed be the case and that diet and nutrition are not only critical for human physiology and body composition, but also have significant effects on mood and mental wellbeing. While the determining factors of mental health are complex, increasing evidence indicates a strong association between a poor diet and the exacerbation of mood disorders, including anxiety and depression, as well as other neuropsychiatric conditions. There are common beliefs about the health effects of certain foods that are not supported by solid evidence and the scientific evidence demonstrating the unequivocal link between nutrition and mental health is only beginning to emerge. Current epidemiological data on nutrition and mental health do not provide information about causality or underlying mechanisms. Future studies should focus on elucidating mechanism. Randomized controlled trials should be of high quality, adequately powered and geared towards the advancement of knowledge from population-based observations towards personalized nutrition. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, exploring the scientific evidence exemplifying the importance of a well-balanced diet for mental health. We conclude that an experimental medicine approach and a mechanistic understanding is required to provide solid evidence on which future policies on diet and nutrition for mental health can be based.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger A H Adan
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eline M van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- Suzanne Higgs School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Suzanne L Dickson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cullen KR, Padilla LE, Papke VN, Klimes-Dougan B. New Somatic Treatments for Child and Adolescent Depression. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN PSYCHIATRY 2019; 6:380-400. [PMID: 33312841 PMCID: PMC7732147 DOI: 10.1007/s40501-019-00194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Depression is a common clinical problem in youth, with prevalence increasing significantly during the adolescent period. Although several evidence-based treatments are currently available for treating depression in adults, only a subset of these have been investigated in a pediatric sample. Unfortunately, even well-established, first-line interventions do not lead to sufficient treatment response for many children and adolescents suffering from depression. However, recent research has been conducted in the area of somatic treatments for youth with depression. This review focuses on current (past three years, including published results and ongoing studies) research on somatic treatments for adolescent depression in the following categories: psychopharmacology, nutraceuticals, interventions implicating motor and sensory systems, and neuromodulation. FINDINGS Results from recent randomized, controlled trials testing psychopharmacological options suggest that while antidepressants that have been recently approved for adult patients are safe and tolerable in children and adolescents, none have yet outperformed performed placebo in efficacy. Nutraceuticals, motor-sensory interventions, and neuromodulation techniques, present safe and promising results, but few have been tested against controls to support effectiveness over current treatment options. SUMMARY This review of research on pediatric depression treatment from the past 3 years highlights some disappointments (negative results following some of the well-designed clinical trials) and gaps (preliminary studies in need of follow up with robust methodology) but also some promising directions in research of the efficacyof these treatments in a pediatric sample. We offer suggestions for future research including consideration of treatment timing, sequencing, the role of symptom severity in directing treatment selection, the potential value of combined treatments, consideration of how to best account for high placebo response rates, and the incorporation of neurobiological assessments to examine mechanisms and biomarker predictors of treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West Building 2450, Riverside Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gan J, Galer P, Ma D, Chen C, Xiong T. The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 29:670-687. [PMID: 31368773 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2019.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to assess the benefits and harms of vitamin D supplementation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. Methods: We followed the standard methodological procedures of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science and Humanities (Web of Science), ClincalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for RCTs in January 2019. Independently, two authors (J.G., T.X.) extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, combined the data, and graded evidence quality using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Our primary outcomes were assessed through rating scales of ADHD severity. Secondary outcomes measured were the possible adverse effects of vitamin D supplementation and vitamin D status after supplementation for ADHD. Results: We included four RCTs with 256 children addressing vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate on ADHD symptoms. Vitamin D supplementation demonstrated a small but statistically significant improvement in ADHD total scores, inattention scores, hyperactivity scores, and behavior scores. The improvement was likely limited due to the low to very low quality of evidence in the literature. There was no statistically significant improvement in oppositional scores. Reported adverse events in the vitamin D group were mild and not significantly different from the control group. Vitamin D supplementation increased serum vitamin D levels and the ratio of patients with sufficient vitamin D levels. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate appeared to reduce ADHD symptoms without serious adverse events, associated with improved vitamin D status. However, considering the generally low strength of evidence, well-designed RCTs are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation for both children and adults with ADHD, especially in the setting of a combination of vitamin D and other ADHD treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Galer
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHI), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fasihpour B, Moayeri H, Shariat M, Keihanidoust Z, Effatpanah M, Khedmat L. Vitamin D deficiency in school-age Iranian children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms: A critical comparison with healthy controls. Child Neuropsychol 2019; 26:460-474. [PMID: 31514566 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2019.1665638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The associations between serum vitamin D levels and the severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were assessed among Iranian hospitalized children (50 ADHD cases and 50 healthy (non-ADHD) controls) during 2014-2015. Levels of ADHD severity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were determined by the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) test and an ELISA kit, respectively. The serum 25OHD concentrations of <10, 10-29, and >30 ng/mL were respectively considered as deficient (severe deficiency), insufficient (mild deficiency), and sufficient levels of vitamin D. The association of nutrient bioavailability with ADHD was evaluated by statistical and regression analyses.There was no significant difference in the mean of socio-demographic variables (e.g., gender, age, weight, BMI, daily intake of dairy products, and daily sunlight exposure) between ADHD and non-ADHD subjects. The mean serum 25OHD concentration (16.57 ± 9.09 ng/mL) was found to be significantly lower in ADHD children with more parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels as compared to controls (22.01 ± 12.67ng/mL). The sufficient 25OHD concentration was more predominant in the controls than the cases (p = 0.002). A severe deficiency of vitamin D was more found in children with ADHD (3.36 times). There was a negative and significant association between the participants' age and their serum 25OHD levels. Although 25OHD levels in boys were significantly more than those in girls, the reduction of serum 25OHD concentration among boys with ADHD was more severe compared to the patient girls(p = 0.014). The results support the importance of vitamins D role in ADHD patients through the regular monitoring of serum 25OHD levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Fasihpour
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heshmat Moayeri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mamak Shariat
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zarrintaj Keihanidoust
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Effatpanah
- Department of Psychiatry, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khedmat
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dietary Profiles, Nutritional Biochemistry Status, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Path Analysis for a Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050709. [PMID: 31109092 PMCID: PMC6572510 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate dietary and nutritional biochemistry profiles of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to explore their potential relationship by path analysis. We enrolled 216 children with ADHD and 216 age-, height- and gender-matched controls from 31 elementary schools in Taiwan. Dietary intake of the participants was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Fasting blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of multiple nutritional markers. Moreover, we employed a structural equation model (SEM) to link diet, nutritional markers and ADHD. Compared to healthy control, ADHD children had significantly lower serum levels of vitamin B12, folate, vitamin B6, ferritin concentration, and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), but higher levels of serum saturated fatty acids (SFA), n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio, and inorganic phosphorous concentration. Children with ADHD had more intake of nutrient-poor foods such as high sugar and high fat foods, and had less intake of vegetable, fruit, protein-rich foods than their counterpart. SEM analysis showed that the poor nutritional biochemistry profiles linked the association between unhealthy dietary patterns and ADHD. In conclusion, an unhealthy dietary pattern may be a predecessor of the poor nutritional biochemistry status, and managing diet and nutrition conditions should be considered to improve ADHD symptoms in children.
Collapse
|
47
|
Libuda L, Laabs BH, Ludwig C, Bühlmeier J, Antel J, Hinney A, Naaresh R, Föcker M, Hebebrand J, König IR, Peters T. Vitamin D and the Risk of Depression: A Causal Relationship? Findings from a Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1085. [PMID: 31100827 PMCID: PMC6566390 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While observational studies show an association between 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations and depressive symptoms, intervention studies, which examine the preventive effects of vitamin D supplementation on the development of depression, are lacking. To estimate the role of lowered 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations in the etiology of depressive disorders, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study on depression, i.e., "depressive symptoms" (DS, n = 161,460) and "broad depression" (BD, n = 113,769 cases and 208,811 controls). Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which were genome-wide significantly associated with 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations in 79,366 subjects from the SUNLIGHT genome-wide association study (GWAS), were used as an instrumental variable. None of the six SNPs was associated with DS or BD (all p > 0.05). MR analysis revealed no causal effects of 25(OH)vitamin D concentration, either on DS (inverse variance weighted (IVW); b = 0.025, SE = 0.038, p = 0.52) or on BD (IVW; b = 0.020, SE = 0.012, p = 0.10). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations were not significantly associated with DS or BD. The findings from this MR study indicate no causal relationship between vitamin D concentrations and depressive symptoms, or broad depression. Conflicting findings from observational studies might have resulted from residual confounding or reverse causation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Libuda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Björn-Hergen Laabs
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Christine Ludwig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Judith Bühlmeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Roaa Naaresh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Inke R König
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hodes M. New developments in the mental health of refugee children and adolescents. EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH 2019; 22:72-76. [PMID: 30944095 PMCID: PMC10270370 DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2018-300065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The increase in refugees globally since 2010 and the arrival of many into Europe since 2015, around 50% of whom are under 18 years, have been the stimulus to greater investigation and publications regarding their mental health. This clinical review summarises selected themes in the field as described in the published literature since 2016. The themes include refugee statistics, premigration and postmigration experiences, psychopathology focusing on parent-child relationships, unaccompanied refugee minors and associations between resettlement, acculturation and mental health. Some important reviews and studies are discussed that address service and treatment provision. While there has been a recent increase in research in this field, more is needed into the course of psychopathology, protective factors and the promotion of integration into resettlement countries, as well as models of service delivery and treatment effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hodes
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Westminster Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Alonso MA, Mantecón L, Santos F. Vitamin D deficiency in children: a challenging diagnosis! Pediatr Res 2019; 85:596-601. [PMID: 30653195 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The concern about the assessment of vitamin D status is growing. Numerous publications warn about the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, as well as the potential role of vitamin D in non-bone health outcomes. The status of vitamin D is usually assessed by measuring serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration. This is the major circulating form of vitamin D and keeps an inverse correlation with serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration. A value of 25OHD of 20 ng/ml is generally assumed as threshold of vitamin D sufficiency in epidemiologic studies because serum PTH tends to increase when the 25OHD concentration stands below this value. In pediatric population, very few studies have analyzed this issue and the negative relationship between serum 25OHD and serum PTH is not clear, which is the suitable circulating concentration of 25OHD and the threshold of deficiency being matters of controversy. The majority of 25OHD circulates in serum tightly bound to a globulin (DBP). According to the free hormone hypothesis, protein-bound hormones are not biologically available and it is the free form that exerts or facilitates the physiologic actions. If this is true, factors that affect DBP may alter the interpretation of total serum 25OHD measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mª Agustina Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Health Service of the Principality of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Mantecón
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Health Service of the Principality of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Health Service of the Principality of Asturias & University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chauhan N, Padhy SK, Shah R, Malhotra S. Vitamin D Deficiency in Children with Psychiatric Illness in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019; 10:16-20. [PMID: 30765965 PMCID: PMC6337979 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_169_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D is increasingly recognized as important for brain health, apart from its role in endocrine and bone health. There is a growing recognition of worldwide “epidemic” of Vitamin D deficiency, and growing data from adult population illustrate the association between Vitamin D deficiency and psychiatric disorders. In children, its role is implicated in brain development, function, and psychiatric disorders. Aim: The aim of this study was to study the extent of Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Methodology: Retrospective chart review of participants, who had attended the psychiatry outpatient department, was conducted to ascertain the extent of blood Vitamin D level requisition and its level. Results: Out of 836, 60 participants had received the requisition for blood Vitamin D level, and results were documented for 40 participants (males – 28; females – 12). No specific reason was cited for getting Vitamin D level done. The mean Vitamin D level was in the deficient range, i.e. 13.34 ng/ml with 80% of the sample having Vitamin D deficiency and 13% having insufficient Vitamin D level. More males had Vitamin D deficiency, however, the small number of females in the study limits the generalizability of the results. Among the diagnostic categories, neurodevelopmental disorders had lower mean Vitamin D level, with lowest Vitamin D for autism, i.e., 10.9 ng/ml. Conclusion: The cause-effect relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and childhood psychiatric disorders could not be derived from the study. However, it provides important initial data for the relationship between Vitamin D deficiency and childhood psychiatric disorders from India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Chauhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Susanta Kumar Padhy
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ruchita Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Savita Malhotra
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|