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Li S, Zhao Y, Wu P, Grierson D, Gao L. Ripening and rot: How ripening processes influence disease susceptibility in fleshy fruits. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39016673 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits become more susceptible to pathogen infection when they ripen; for example, changes in cell wall properties related to softening make it easier for pathogens to infect fruits. The need for high-quality fruit has driven extensive research on improving pathogen resistance in important fruit crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In this review, we summarize current progress in understanding how changes in fruit properties during ripening affect infection by pathogens. These changes affect physical barriers that limit pathogen entry, such as the fruit epidermis and its cuticle, along with other defenses that limit pathogen growth, such as preformed and induced defense compounds. The plant immune system also protects ripening fruit by recognizing pathogens and initiating defense responses involving reactive oxygen species production, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, and jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and abscisic acid signaling. These phytohormones regulate an intricate web of transcription factors (TFs) that activate resistance mechanisms, including the expression of pathogenesis-related genes. In tomato, ripening regulators, such as RIPENING INHIBITOR and NON_RIPENING, not only regulate ripening but also influence fruit defenses against pathogens. Moreover, members of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) family play pivotal and distinct roles in ripening and defense, with different members being regulated by different phytohormones. We also discuss the interaction of ripening-related and defense-related TFs with the Mediator transcription complex. As the ripening processes in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits share many similarities, these processes have broad applications across fruiting crops. Further research on the individual contributions of ERFs and other TFs will inform efforts to diminish disease susceptibility in ripe fruit, satisfy the growing demand for high-quality fruit and decrease food waste and related economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Yuan S, Wang Y, Hu D, Xiao D, Wang J, Hou X, Li Y. BcWRKY1 confers Botrytis cinerea susceptibility via inhibiting JA biosynthesis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14432. [PMID: 38981735 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
WRKYs play important roles in plant stress resistance. However, the role of WRKYs in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) against Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) remains poorly understood. Herein, the expression of BcWRKY1 was induced by B. cinerea. Further, the role of BcWRKY1 in B. cinerea infection was identified. Silencing of BcWRKY1 in non-heading Chinese cabbage enhanced plant resistance to B. cinerea. After B. cinerea inoculation, BcWRKY1-silencing plants exhibited lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, higher jasmonic acid (JA) content, and the expression level of JA biosynthesis genes, BcOPR3, BcLOX3-1 and BcLOX3-2 were upregulated. Overexpression of BcWRKY1 in Arabidopsis exhibited a complementary phenotype. By directly targeting W-boxes in the promoter of BcLOX3-2, BcWRKY1 inhibited the transcription of this gene. In addition, 13 candidate interacting proteins of BcWRKY1 were identified by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening, and the interaction between BcWRKY1 and BcCaM6 weakened the inhibition of BcLOX3-2. In summary, our findings suggest that BcWRKY1 interacts with BcCaM6 to negatively regulate disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilin Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Die Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xilin Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Huang T, Duan B, Zuo X, Du H, Wang J, Cai Z, Shen Y, Zhang W, Chen J, Zhu L, Gan Z. Hydrogen sulfide enhances kiwifruit resistance to soft rot by regulating jasmonic acid signaling pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108880. [PMID: 38954943 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
As the third active gas signal molecule in plants, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays important roles in physiological metabolisms and biological process of fruits and vegetables during postharvest storage. In the present study, the effects of H2S on enhancing resistance against soft rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea and the involvement of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in kiwifruit during the storage were investigated. The results showed that 20 μL L-1 H2S fumigation restrained the disease incidence of B. dothidea-inoculated kiwifruit during storage, and delayed the decrease of firmness and the increase of soluble solids (SSC) content. H2S treatment increased the transcription levels of genes related to JA biosynthesis (AcLOX3, AcAOS, AcAOC2, and AcOPR) and signaling pathway (AcCOI1, AcJAZ5, AcMYC2, and AcERF1), as well as the JA accumulation. Meanwhile, H2S promoted the expression of defense-related genes (AcPPO, AcSOD, AcGLU, AcCHI, AcAPX, and AcCAT). Correlation analysis revealed that JA content was positively correlated with the expression levels of JA biosynthesis and defense-related genes. Overall, the results indicated that H2S could promote the increase of endogenous JA content and expression of defense-related genes by regulating the transcription levels of JA pathway-related genes, which contributed to the inhibition on the soft rot occurrence of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenghuan Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bing Duan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huaying Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yonggen Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits &Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liqin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits &Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Zengyu Gan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits &Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
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Kerr SC, Shehnaz S, Paudel L, Manivannan MS, Shaw LM, Johnson A, Velasquez JTJ, Tanurdžić M, Cazzonelli CI, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Prentis PJ. Advancing tree genomics to future proof next generation orchard production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1321555. [PMID: 38312357 PMCID: PMC10834703 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1321555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The challenges facing tree orchard production in the coming years will be largely driven by changes in the climate affecting the sustainability of farming practices in specific geographical regions. Identifying key traits that enable tree crops to modify their growth to varying environmental conditions and taking advantage of new crop improvement opportunities and technologies will ensure the tree crop industry remains viable and profitable into the future. In this review article we 1) outline climate and sustainability challenges relevant to horticultural tree crop industries, 2) describe key tree crop traits targeted for improvement in agroecosystem productivity and resilience to environmental change, and 3) discuss existing and emerging genomic technologies that provide opportunities for industries to future proof the next generation of orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Kerr
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saiyara Shehnaz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucky Paudel
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mekaladevi S Manivannan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Shaw
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amanda Johnson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose Teodoro J Velasquez
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Miloš Tanurdžić
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Prentis
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Olmedo P, Vidal J, Ponce E, Defilippi BG, Pérez-Donoso AG, Meneses C, Carpentier S, Pedreschi R, Campos-Vargas R. Proteomic and Low-Polar Metabolite Profiling Reveal Unique Dynamics in Fatty Acid Metabolism during Flower and Berry Development of Table Grapes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15360. [PMID: 37895040 PMCID: PMC10607693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine development and ripening are complex processes that involve several biochemical pathways, including fatty acid and lipid metabolism. Fatty acids are essential components of lipids, which play crucial roles in fruit maturation and flavor development. However, the dynamics of fatty acid metabolism in grape flowers and berries are poorly understood. In this study, we present those dynamics and investigate the mechanisms of fatty acid homeostasis on 'Thompson Seedless' berries using metabolomic and proteomic analyses. Low-polar metabolite profiling indicated a higher abundance of fatty acids at the pre-flowering and pre-veraison stages. Proteomic analyses revealed that grape flowers and berries display unique profiles of proteins involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, triacylglycerol assembly, fatty acid β-oxidation, and lipid signaling. These findings show, for the first time, that fatty acid metabolism also plays an important role in the development of non-oil-rich tissues, opening new perspectives about lipid function and its relation to berry quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Olmedo
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.O.); (J.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Juan Vidal
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.O.); (J.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Excequel Ponce
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.O.); (J.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Bruno G. Defilippi
- Unidad de Postcosecha, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA) La Platina, Santiago 8831314, Chile;
| | - Alonso G. Pérez-Donoso
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (A.G.P.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (A.G.P.-D.); (C.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370186, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Sebastien Carpentier
- Facility for Systems Biology Based Mass Spectrometry SYBIOMA, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Bioversity International, Biodiversity for Food & Agriculture, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile; (P.O.); (J.V.); (E.P.)
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Campos-Vargas
- Centro de Estudios Postcosecha, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8831314, Chile;
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Zhang S, Miao W, Liu Y, Jiang J, Chen S, Chen F, Guan Z. Jasmonate signaling drives defense responses against Alternaria alternata in chrysanthemum. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:553. [PMID: 37723458 PMCID: PMC10507968 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black spot disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria spp. is one of the most devastating diseases affecting Chrysanthemum morifolium. There is currently no effective way to prevent chrysanthemum black spot. RESULTS We revealed that pre-treatment of chrysanthemum leaves with the methy jasmonate (MeJA) significantly reduces their susceptibility to Alternaria alternata. To understand how MeJA treatment induces resistance, we monitored the dynamics of metabolites and the transcriptome in leaves after MeJA treatment following A. alternata infection. JA signaling affected the resistance of plants to pathogens through cell wall modification, Ca2+ regulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and hormonal signaling processes, and the accumulation of anti-fungal and anti-oxidant metabolites. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with these functions was verified by reverse transcription quantitative PCR and transgenic assays. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that MeJA pre-treatment could be a potential orchestrator of a broad-spectrum defense response that may help establish an ecologically friendly pest control strategy and offer a promising way of priming plants to induce defense responses against A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration On Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China.
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Sun P, Yang C, Zhu W, Wu J, Lin X, Wang Y, Zhu J, Chen C, Zhou K, Qian M, Shen J. Metabolome, Plant Hormone, and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal the Mechanism of Spatial Accumulation Pattern of Anthocyanins in Peach Flesh. Foods 2023; 12:2297. [PMID: 37372513 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are important secondary metabolites in fruits, and anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of peach exhibits a spatial pattern, but the relevant mechanism is still unknown. In this study, the yellow-fleshed peach, cv. 'Jinxiu', with anthocyanin accumulation in the mesocarp around the stone was used as the experimental material. Red flesh (RF) and yellow flesh (YF) were sampled separately for flavonoid metabolite (mainly anthocyanins), plant hormone, and transcriptome analyses. The results showed that the red coloration in the mesocarp was due to the accumulation of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, with an up-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes (F3H, F3'H, DFR, and ANS), transportation gene GST, and regulatory genes (MYB10.1 and bHLH3). Eleven ERFs, nine WRKYs, and eight NACs were also defined as the candidate regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in peach via RNA-seq. Auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC, ethylene precursor) were enriched in the peach flesh, with auxin, cytokinin, ACC, and SA being highly accumulated in the RF, but ABA was mainly distributed in the YF. The activators and repressors in the auxin and cytokinin signaling transduction pathways were mostly up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Our results provide new insights into the regulation of spatial accumulation pattern of anthocyanins in peach flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sun
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery), Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture, Haidian Campus, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wencan Zhu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture, Haidian Campus, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery), Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Xianrui Lin
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery), Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery), Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Jianxi Zhu
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery), Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Chenfei Chen
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery), Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Kaibing Zhou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture, Haidian Campus, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Minjie Qian
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crop in Hainan Province, Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture, Haidian Campus, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiansheng Shen
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Zhejiang Institute of Agricultural Machinery), Jinhua 321000, China
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8
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Lv G, Han R, Shi J, Chen K, Liu G, Yu Q, Yang C, Jiang J. Genome-wide identification of the TIFY family reveals JAZ subfamily function in response to hormone treatment in Betula platyphylla. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:143. [PMID: 36922795 PMCID: PMC10015818 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TIFY family is a plant-specific gene family and plays an important role in plant growth and development. But few reports have been reported on the phylogenetic analysis and gene expression profiling of TIFY family genes in birch (Betula platyphylla). RESULTS In this study, we characterized TIFY family and identified 12 TIFY genes and using phylogeny and chromosome mapping analysis in birch. TIFY family members were divided into JAZ, ZML, PPD and TIFY subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 12 TIFY genes were clustered into six evolutionary branches. The chromosome distribution showed that 12 TIFY genes were unevenly distributed on 5 chromosomes. Some TIFY family members were derived from gene duplication in birch. We found that six JAZ genes from JAZ subfamily played essential roles in response to Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), the JAZ genes were correlated with COI1 under MeJA. Co-expression and GO enrichment analysis further revealed that JAZ genes were related to hormone. JAZ proteins involved in the ABA and SA pathways. Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that the JAZ proteins were localized in the nucleus. Yeast two-hybrid assay showed that the JAZ proteins may form homologous or heterodimers to regulate hormones. CONCLUSION Our results provided novel insights into biological function of TIFY family and JAZ subfamily in birch. It provides the theoretical reference for in-depth analysis of plant hormone and molecular breeding design for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150036, China
| | - Rui Han
- College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150036, China
| | - Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150036, China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150036, China
| | - Qibin Yu
- University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Chuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150036, China.
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150036, China.
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Gómez-Ollé A, Bullones A, Hormaza JI, Mueller LA, Fernandez-Pozo N. MangoBase: A Genomics Portal and Gene Expression Atlas for Mangifera indica. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1273. [PMID: 36986961 PMCID: PMC10058708 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) (2n = 40) is a member of the Anacardiaceae family, which was domesticated at least 4000 years ago in Asia. Mangoes are delicious fruits with great nutritional value. They are one of the major fruit crops worldwide, cultivated in more than 100 countries, with a production of more than 40 million tons. Recently the genome sequences of several mango varieties have been released, but there are no bioinformatics platforms dedicated to mango genomics and breeding to host mango omics data. Here, we present MangoBase, a web portal dedicated to mango genomics, which provides multiple interactive bioinformatics tools, sequences, and annotations to analyze, visualize, and download omics data related to mango. Additionally, MangoBase includes a gene expression atlas with 12 datasets and 80 experiments representing some of the most significant mango RNA-seq experiments published to this date. These experiments study mango fruit ripening in several cultivars with different pulp firmness and sweetness or peel coloration, and other experiments also study hot water postharvest treatment, infection with C. gloeosporioides, and the main mango tree organ tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynhoa Gómez-Ollé
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.G.-O.); (A.B.); (J.I.H.)
| | - Amanda Bullones
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.G.-O.); (A.B.); (J.I.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose I. Hormaza
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.G.-O.); (A.B.); (J.I.H.)
| | | | - Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM La Mayora-CSIC-UMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain; (A.G.-O.); (A.B.); (J.I.H.)
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10
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Recent Advances in Research into Jasmonate Biosynthesis and Signaling Pathways in Agricultural Crops and Products. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are phospholipid-derived hormones that regulate plant development and responses to environmental stress. The synthesis of JAs and the transduction of their signaling pathways are precisely regulated at multiple levels within and outside the nucleus as a result of a combination of genetic and epigenetic regulation. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the regulation of JA biosynthesis and their signaling pathways. The biosynthesis of JAs was found to be regulated with an autocatalytic amplification mechanism via the MYC2 regulation pathway and inhibited by an autonomous braking mechanism via the MYC2-targeting bHLH1 protein to terminate JA signals in a highly ordered manner. The biological functions of JAs mainly include the promotion of fruit ripening at the initial stage via ethylene-dependent and independent ways, the regulation of mature coloring via regulating the degradation of chlorophyll and the metabolism of anthocyanin, and the improvement of aroma components via the regulation of fatty acid and aldehyde alcohol metabolism in agricultural crops. JA signaling pathways also function in the enhancement of biotic and abiotic stress resistance via the regulation of secondary metabolism and the redox system, and they relieve cold damage to crops through improving the stability of the cell membrane. These recently published findings indicate that JAs are an important class of plant hormones necessary for regulating plant growth and development, ripening, and the resistance to stress in agricultural crops and products.
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11
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Ren C, Fan P, Li S, Liang Z. Advances in understanding cold tolerance in grapevine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad092. [PMID: 36789447 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis ssp.) is a deciduous perennial fruit crop, and the canes and buds of grapevine should withstand low temperatures annually during winter. However, the widely cultivated Vitis vinifera is cold-sensitive and cannot survive the severe winter in regions with extremely low temperatures, such as viticulture regions in northern China. By contrast, a few wild Vitis species like V. amurensis and V. riparia exhibit excellent freezing tolerance. However, the mechanisms underlying grapevine cold tolerance remain largely unknown. In recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms, owing to the advances in sequencing and molecular biotechnology. Assembly of grapevine genomes together with resequencing and transcriptome data enable researchers to conduct genomic and transcriptomic analyses in various grapevine genotypes and populations to explore genetic variations involved in cold tolerance. In addition, a number of pivotal genes have been identified and functionally characterized. In this review, we summarize recent major advances in physiological and molecular analyses of cold tolerance in grapevine and put forward questions in this field. We also discuss the strategies for improving the tolerance of grapevine to cold stress. Understanding grapevine cold tolerance will facilitate the development of grapevines for adaption to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, PR China
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12
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Al-Rahbi BAA, Al-Sadi AM, Al-Harrasi MMA, Al-Sabahi JN, Al-Mahmooli IH, Blackburn D, Velazhahan R. Effectiveness of Endophytic and Rhizospheric Bacteria from Moringa spp. in Controlling Pythium aphanidermatum Damping-Off of Cabbage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:668. [PMID: 36771752 PMCID: PMC9919774 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from Moringa olifera and M. perigreina from Oman, and their in vitro antagonistic activity against Pythium aphanidermatum was tested using a dual culture assay. The promising strains were tested further for their compatibility and potential for plant growth promotion, biofilm formation, antifungal volatile organic compound (VOC) production, and the biological control of P. aphanidermatum damping-off of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) under greenhouse conditions. A total of 12 endophytic and 27 rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from Moringa spp. Among them, Bacillus pumilus MPE1 showed the maximum antagonistic activity against P. aphanidermatum in the dual culture assay, followed by Paenibacillus glucanolyticus MPE3 and Pseudomonas indica MOR3 and MOR8. These bacterial isolates induced abundant morphological abnormalities in the hyphae of P. aphanidermatum, as observed via scanning electron microscopy. The in vitro cross-streak assay showed that these bacterial isolates were compatible among themselves, except for P. indica MOR8 × P. glucanolyticus MPE3. These antagonists released VOCs that restricted the growth of P. aphanidermatum in an in vitro assay. These antagonistic bacteria released 2,4-dimethylheptane and 4-methyloctane as the predominant volatile compounds. Of the four antagonistic bacterial strains, P. indica MOR8 was capable of forming biofilm, which is considered a trait that improves the efficacy of rhizosphere inoculants. The results of the greenhouse experiments showed that the soil treatment with B. pumilus MPE1 showed the highest reduction (59%) in the incidence of P. aphanidermatum damping-off in cabbage, evidencing its potential as a biological control agent for the management of this disease. Further research is needed to characterize the antifungal traits and activities of B. pumilus MPE1 and to assert its potential use against other soil-borne plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buthaina Aamir Ali Al-Rahbi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Majida Mohammed Ali Al-Harrasi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Jamal Nasser Al-Sabahi
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Issa Hashil Al-Mahmooli
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Daniel Blackburn
- Department of Soil, Water and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Rethinasamy Velazhahan
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
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13
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Wang W, Fan D, Hao Q, Jia W. Signal transduction in non-climacteric fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac190. [PMID: 36329721 PMCID: PMC9622361 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruit ripening involves changes in numerous cellular processes and metabolic pathways, resulting from the coordinated actions of diverse classes of structural and regulatory proteins. These include enzymes, transporters and complex signal transduction systems. Many aspects of the signaling machinery that orchestrates the ripening of climacteric fruits, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), have been elucidated, but less is known about analogous processes in non-climacteric fruits. The latter include strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) and grape (Vitis vinifera), both of which are used as non-climacteric fruit experimental model systems, although they originate from different organs: the grape berry is a true fruit derived from the ovary, while strawberry is an accessory fruit that is derived from the floral receptacle. In this article, we summarize insights into the signal transduction events involved in strawberry and grape berry ripening. We highlight the mechanisms underlying non-climacteric fruit ripening, the multiple primary signals and their integrated action, individual signaling components, pathways and their crosstalk, as well as the associated transcription factors and their signaling output.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qing Hao
- Corresponding authors: E-mail: ;
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14
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Ginzberg I, Faigenboim A. Ripening of Pomegranate Skin as Revealed by Developmental Transcriptomics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142215. [PMID: 35883658 PMCID: PMC9320897 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit is highly important for its marketing. The primary concerns are obtaining sufficient red pigment accumulation and minimal cracking of the fruit skin (the outer red layer of the peel). We analyzed the skin transcriptome of pomegranate cv. Wonderful at distinct time points of fruit development to characterize the processes that occur in the skin during fruit ripening and which may reflect on processes in the whole fruit, such as the non-climacteric nature of pomegranate. The data suggested a ripening mechanism in pomegranate skin that differs from that in strawberry—the model plant for non-climacteric fruit where abscisic acid is the growth regulator that drives ripening—involving ethylene, polyamine, and jasmonic acid pathways. The biosynthetic pathways of important metabolites in pomegranate—hydrolyzable tannins and anthocyanins—were co-upregulated at the ripening stage, in line with the visual enhancement of red coloration. Interestingly, cuticle- and cell-wall-related genes that showed differential expression between the developmental stages were mainly upregulated in the skin of early fruit, with lower expression at mid-growth and ripening stages. Nevertheless, lignification may be involved in skin hardening in the mature fruit.
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15
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Li B, Li H, Xu Z, Guo X, Zhou T, Shi J. Transcriptome Profiling and Identification of the Candidate Genes Involved in Early Ripening in Ziziphus Jujuba. Front Genet 2022; 13:863746. [PMID: 35774502 PMCID: PMC9237510 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.863746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The early ripening jujube is an immensely popular fresh fruit due to its high commercial value as well as rich nutrition. However, little is known about the mechanism of jujube fruit’s ripening. In this study, the transcriptome profiles were comprehensively analyzed between the ‘Lingwu Changzao’ jujube and its early-ripening mutant during the fruit development and maturity. A total of 5,376 and 762 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were presented at 80 and 90 days after the flowering of the jujube fruit, respectively. Furthermore, 521 common DEGs were identified as candidate genes that might be associated with the fruit’s early ripening. Our findings demonstrated that in a non-climacteric jujube fruit, abscisic acid (ABA) was more greatly involved in fruit ripening than ethylene. Meanwhile, the fruit ripening of the early-ripening mutant was regulated by eight promotors of DEGs related to glucose and fructose, seven repressors of DEGs related to brassinosteroid signal transduction, and a series of transcription factor genes (MYB, Bhlh, and ERF). Additionally, the expression of 20 candidate DEGs was further validated by real-time PCR during the late fruit maturation stage. Collectively, the present study sheds light on the metabolic mechanism of the fruit’s early ripening and provides valuable candidate genes for the early-ripening mutant’s breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyun Li
- Horticulture Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Horticulture Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zehua Xu
- Horticulture Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinnian Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangli Shi
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangli Shi,
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16
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Fan D, Wang W, Hao Q, Jia W. Do Non-climacteric Fruits Share a Common Ripening Mechanism of Hormonal Regulation? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:923484. [PMID: 35755638 PMCID: PMC9218805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits have been traditionally categorized into climacteric (CL) and non-climacteric (NC) groups. CL fruits share a common ripening mechanism of hormonal regulation, i.e., the ethylene regulation, whereas whether NC fruits share a common mechanism remains controversial. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been commonly thought to be a key regulator in NC fruit ripening; however, besides ABA, many other hormones have been increasingly suggested to play crucial roles in NC fruit ripening. NC fruits vary greatly in their organ origin, constitution, and structure. Development of different organs may be different in the pattern of hormonal regulation. It has been well demonstrated that the growth and development of strawberry, the model of NC fruits, is largely controlled by a hormonal communication between the achenes and receptacle; however, not all NC fruits contain achenes. Accordingly, it is particularly important to understand whether strawberry is indeed able to represent a universal mechanism for the hormonal regulation of NC fruit ripening. In this mini-review, we summarized the recent research advance on the hormone regulation of NC ripening in relation to fruit organ origination, constitution, and structure, whereby analyzing and discussing whether NC fruits may share a common mechanism of hormonal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Fan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Hao
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Zhang Z, Lu S, Yu W, Ehsan S, Zhang Y, Jia H, Fang J. Jasmonate increases terpene synthase expression, leading to strawberry resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1243-1260. [PMID: 35325290 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate induced FaTPS1 to produce terpene, and overexpression FaTPS1 led to fruit resistant against B. cinerea infection, FaMYC2 induced FaTPS1 by binding to its promoter that downstream of jasmonate. Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives are associated with plant defence responses against pathogenic organisms. In the present study, a total of 10,631 differentially expressed genes, 239 differentially expressed proteins, and 229 differential metabolites were screened and found to be mainly involved in pathogen perception, hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, photosynthesis, and secondary metabolism. In strawberry fruits, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induced FaTPS1 expression and quickly increased the terpene content. Furthermore, FaTPS1 overexpression increased the emission of sesquiterpenes, especially germacrene D, and improved strawberry resistance against Botrytis cinerea infection, although the knockdown of FaTPS1 increased its susceptibility to the same pathogen. Using a yeast one-hybrid assay and transient expression analysis, we demonstrated that FaMYC2 can bind to the G-box element in the promoter region of FaTPS1, thus inducing FaTPS1 expression. MeJA also stimulated FaMYC2 expression and regulated downstream signalling cascades. Moreover, we presented a possible model of the new signalling pathway of MeJA-mediated strawberry resistance to B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1st Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Suwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1st Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenbin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1st Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
- NJAU (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticultures, Suqian, China
| | - Sadeghnezhad Ehsan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1st Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, 279 Xiyuan Road, Suzhou, 215008, China
- NJAU (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticultures, Suqian, China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1st Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- NJAU (Suqian) Academy of Protected Horticultures, Suqian, China.
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1st Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, China
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18
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Wang J, VanderWeide J, Yan Y, Tindjau R, Pico J, Deluc L, Zandberg WF, Castellarin SD. Impact of hormone applications on ripening-related metabolites in Gewürztraminer grapes (Vitis vinifera L.): The key role of jasmonates in terpene modulation. Food Chem 2022; 388:132948. [PMID: 35447584 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes play a formative role in grape and wine flavor, particularly for high-terpenic cultivars. Differences in terpene profiles influence grape varietal character and vintage quality. Little is known about the endogenous factors controlling terpene biosynthesis in grape. Through multiple experiments, six hormones (abscisic acid, ABA; ethylene, ETH; jasmonic acid, JA; methyl jasmonate, MeJA; indole-3-acetic acid, IAA; 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) that either promote or repress ripening were applied to Gewürztraminer clusters near veraison to gauge their effect on ripening and terpene biosynthesis. Jasmonates (JA, MeJA) increased terpene concentrations and the expression of terpene genes in grapes. Such increases were not associated to increases of other ripening-related metabolites such as sugars or anthocyanins. MeJA also affected the expression of several hormone related genes, increased IAA levels, and reduced sugar and anthocyanin concentration in grapes. This research provides novel insights into terpene regulation by ripening-related hormones and jasmonates in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Wang
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Joshua VanderWeide
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yifan Yan
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ricco Tindjau
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joana Pico
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Laurent Deluc
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon Wine Research Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, Wine Research Centre, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Canada
| | - Simone D Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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19
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Xu X, Chen Y, Li B, Zhang Z, Qin G, Chen T, Tian S. Molecular mechanisms underlying multi-level defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac066. [PMID: 35591926 PMCID: PMC9113409 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The horticultural industry helps to enrich and improve the human diet while contributing to growth of the agricultural economy. However, fungal diseases of horticultural crops frequently occur during pre- and postharvest periods, reducing yields and crop quality and causing huge economic losses and wasted food. Outcomes of fungal diseases depend on both horticultural plant defense responses and fungal pathogenicity. Plant defense responses are highly sophisticated and are generally divided into preformed and induced defense responses. Preformed defense responses include both physical barriers and phytochemicals, which are the first line of protection. Induced defense responses, which include innate immunity (pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity), local defense responses, and systemic defense signaling, are triggered to counterstrike fungal pathogens. Therefore, to develop regulatory strategies for horticultural plant resistance, a comprehensive understanding of defense responses and their underlying mechanisms is critical. Recently, integrated multi-omics analyses, CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, high-throughput sequencing, and data mining have greatly contributed to identification and functional determination of novel phytochemicals, regulatory factors, and signaling molecules and their signaling pathways in plant resistance. In this review, research progress on defense responses of horticultural crops to fungal pathogens and novel regulatory strategies to regulate induction of plant resistance are summarized, and then the problems, challenges, and future research directions are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
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20
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Gould N, Thorpe MR, Taylor JT, Boldingh HL, McKenzie CM, Reglinski T. A Jasmonate-Induced Defense Elicitation in Mature Leaves Reduces Carbon Export and Alters Sink Priority in Grape (Vitis vinifera Chardonnay). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112406. [PMID: 34834769 PMCID: PMC8624114 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to understand how Vitis vinifera (Chardonnay) vines prioritise the export and distribution of recently fixed photoassimilate between root tissue, fruit, and defence, following the elicitation of a defence response. Jasmonic acid (JA) and its methyl ester, MeJA, are endogenous plant hormones, known collectively as jasmonates, that have signalling roles in plant defence and consequently are often used to prime plant defence systems. Here, we use exogenous jasmonate application to mature source leaves of Chardonnay grapevines to elucidate the prioritisation strategy of carbon allocation between plant defence and growth. Our results demonstrate that jasmonate application to Chardonnay leaves can elicit a defence response to Botrytis cinerea, but the effect was localised to the jasmonate-treated area. We found no evidence of a systemic defence response in non-treated mature leaves or young growing tissue. JA application reduced the photosynthetic rate of the treated leaf and reduced the export rate of recently fixed carbon-11 from the leaf. Following JA application, a greater proportion of available recently fixed carbon was allocated to the roots, suggesting an increase in sink strength of the roots. Relative sink strength of the berries did not change; however, an increase in berry sugar was observed seven days after JA treatment. We conclude that the data provide evidence for a “high sugar resistance” model in the mature treated leaves of the vine, since the export of carbon was reduced to ensure an elevated defence response in the treated leaf. The increase in berry sugar concentration seven days after treatment can be explained by the initial prioritisation of a greater portion of the exported carbon to storage in the roots, making it available for remobilisation to the berries once the challenge to defence had passed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Gould
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 412 No 1 Road, RD 2, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-7-928-9831
| | - Michael R. Thorpe
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany;
| | - Joe T. Taylor
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand; (J.T.T.); (H.L.B.); (T.R.)
| | - Helen L. Boldingh
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand; (J.T.T.); (H.L.B.); (T.R.)
| | - Catherine M. McKenzie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 412 No 1 Road, RD 2, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand;
| | - Tony Reglinski
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura, Bisley Road, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand; (J.T.T.); (H.L.B.); (T.R.)
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Unravelling the Molecular Regulation Mechanisms of Slow Ripening Trait in Prunus persica. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112380. [PMID: 34834743 PMCID: PMC8623733 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fruit development is a complex process that involves the interplay of cell division, expansion, and differentiation. As a model to study fruit development, nectarines incapable of ripening were described as slow ripening. Slow ripening fruits remained firm and exhibited no rise in CO2 or ethylene production rates for one month or more at 20 °C. Different studies suggest that this trait is controlled by a single gene (NAC072). Transcriptome analysis between normal and slow ripening fruits showed a total of 157, 269, 976, and 5.224 differentially expressed genes in each fruit developmental stage analyzed (T1, T2, T3, and T7, respectively), and no expression of NAC072 was found in the slow ripening individuals. Using this transcriptomic information, we identified a correlation of NAC072 with auxin-related genes and two genes associated with terpene biosynthesis. On the other hand, significant differences were observed in hormonal biosynthetic pathways during fruit development between the normal and slow ripening individuals (gibberellin, ethylene, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid). These results suggest that the absence of NAC072 by the direct or indirect expression control of auxins or terpene-related genes prevents normal peach fruit development.
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Dias C, Ribeiro T, Rodrigues AC, Ferrante A, Vasconcelos MW, Pintado M. Improving the ripening process after 1-MCP application: Implications and strategies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Guang Y, Luo S, Ahammed GJ, Xiao X, Li J, Zhou Y, Yang Y. The OPR gene family in watermelon: Genome-wide identification and expression profiling under hormone treatments and root-knot nematode infection. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:80-88. [PMID: 33275831 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (OPR) is important in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathway and thus plays a vital role in plant defence. However, systematic and comprehensive analyses of OPR genes in watermelon and their roles in defence responses are extremely limited. The physicochemical properties, phylogenetic tree, gene structure and cis-acting elements of watermelon OPR genes were analysed using bioinformatics, and qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq were applied to assay expression of OPR genes in watermelon. A total of five OPR family genes were identified in watermelon, which were unevenly distributed across the four chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis assigned OPR members from different plant species to five subfamilies (OPRI-OPRV). The motif compositions of OPR members were relatively conserved. Expression analysis using qRT-PCR revealed that ClOPR genes, except for ClOPR5, were highly expressed in the flower and fruit. RNA-seq analysis showed that the ClOPR genes had different expression patterns during flesh and rind development. Furthermore, the ClOPR genes, particularly ClOPR2 and ClOPR4, were significantly upregulated by exogenous JA, salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) treatments. In addition, red light induced expression of ClOPR2 and ClOPR4 in leaves and roots of root-knot nematode (RKN)-infected watermelon plants, suggesting their involvement in red light-induced defence against RKN. These results provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the diverse functions of OPR family genes in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Guang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - S Luo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - G J Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Proection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - X Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - J Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Y Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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Yan W, Ni Y, Liu X, Zhao H, Chen Y, Jia M, Liu M, Liu H, Tian B. The mechanism of sesame resistance against Macrophomina phaseolina was revealed via a comparison of transcriptomes of resistant and susceptible sesame genotypes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:159. [PMID: 33781203 PMCID: PMC8008628 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesame (Sesamum indicum) charcoal rot, a destructive fungal disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid (MP), is a great threat to the yield and quality of sesame. However, there is a lack of information about the gene-for-gene relationship between sesame and MP, and the molecular mechanism behind the interaction is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to interpret the molecular mechanism of sesame resistance against MP in disease-resistant (DR) and disease-susceptible (DS) genotypes based on transcriptomics. This is the first report of the interaction between sesame and MP using this method. RESULTS A set of core genes that response to MP were revealed by comparative transcriptomics and they were preferentially associated with GO terms such as ribosome-related processes, fruit ripening and regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway. It is also exhibited that translational mechanism and transcriptional mechanism could co-activate in DR so that it can initiate the immunity to MP more rapidly. According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of differentially expressed gene sets between two genotypes, we found that leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) proteins may assume an important job in sesame resistance against MP. Notably, compared with DS, most key genes were induced in DR such as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and resistance genes, indicating that DR initiated stronger pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Finally, the study showed that JA/ET and SA signalling pathways all play an important role in sesame resistance to MP. CONCLUSIONS The defence response to MP of sesame, a complex bioprocess involving many phytohormones and disease resistance-related genes, was illustrated at the transcriptional level in our investigation. The findings shed more light on further understanding of different responses to MP in resistant and susceptible sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yunxia Ni
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xintao Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Min Jia
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Postgraduate T&R Base of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Baoming Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Jia H, Zhang Z, Sadeghnezhad E, Pang Q, Li S, Pervaiz T, Su Z, Dong T, Fang J, Jia H. Demethylation alters transcriptome profiling of buds and leaves in 'Kyoho' grape. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:544. [PMID: 33276735 PMCID: PMC7716455 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape buds and leaves are directly associated with the physiology and metabolic activities of the plant, which is monitored by epigenetic modifications induced by environment and endogenous factors. Methylation is one of the epigenetic regulators that could be involved in DNA levels and affect gene expression in response to stimuli. Therefore, changes of gene expression profile in leaves and bud through inhibitors of DNA methylation provide a deep understanding of epigenetic effects in regulatory networks. RESULTS In this study, we carried out a transcriptome analysis of 'Kyoho' buds and leaves under 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) exposure and screened a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO and KEGG annotations showed that they are mainly involved in photosynthesis, flavonoid synthesis, glutathione metabolism, and other metabolic processes. Functional enrichment analysis also provided a holistic perspective on the transcriptome profile when 5-azaC bound to methyltransferase and induced demethylation. Enrichment analysis of transcription factors (TFs) also showed that the MYB, C2H2, and bHLH families are involved in the regulation of responsive genes under epigenetic changes. Furthermore, hormone-related genes have also undergone significant changes, especially gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA)-related genes that responded to bud germination. We also used protein-protein interaction network to determine hub proteins in response to demethylation. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into the establishment of molecular regulatory networks according to how methylation as an epigenetic modification alters transcriptome patterns in bud and leaves of grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shangyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tariq Pervaiz
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziwen Su
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Haifeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticultural, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Yinchuan, China.
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de Mello US, Vidigal PMP, Vital CE, Tomaz AC, de Figueiredo M, Peternelli LA, Barbosa MHP. An overview of the transcriptional responses of two tolerant and susceptible sugarcane cultivars to borer (Diatraea saccharalis) infestation. Funct Integr Genomics 2020; 20:839-855. [PMID: 33068201 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-020-00755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diatraea saccharalis constitutes a threat to the sugarcane productivity, and obtaining borer tolerant cultivars is an alternative method of control. Although there are studies about the relationship between the interaction of D. saccharalis with sugarcane, little is known about the molecular and genomic basis of defense mechanisms that confer tolerance to sugarcane cultivars. Here, we analyzed the transcriptional profile of two sugarcane cultivars in response to borer attack, RB867515 and SP80-3280, which are considered tolerant and sensitive to the borer attack, respectively. A sugarcane genome and transcriptome were used for read mapping. Differentially expressed transcripts and genes were identified and termed to as DETs and DEGs, according to the sugarcane database adopted. A total of 745 DETs and 416 DEGs were identified (log2|ratio| > 0.81; FDR corrected P value ≤ 0.01) after borer infestation. Following annotation of up- and down-regulated DETs and DEGs by similarity searches, the sugarcane cultivars demonstrated an up-regulation of jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and defense protein genes, as well as a down-regulation of pathways involved in photosynthesis and energy metabolism. The expression analysis also highlighted that RB867515 cultivar is possibly more transcriptionally activated after 12 h from infestation than SP80-3280, which could imply in quicker responses by probably triggering more defense-related genes and mediating metabolic pathways to cope with borer attack.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Camilo Elber Vital
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cirino Tomaz
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milene de Figueiredo
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Wang X, Cao X, Shang Y, Bu H, Wang T, Lyu D, Du G. Preharvest application of prohydrojasmon affects color development, phenolic metabolism, and pigment-related gene expression in red pear (Pyrus ussuriensis). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4766-4775. [PMID: 32458515 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peel color is an economically relevant trait that influences the appearance and quality of red pear, whose red color is due to anthocyanin accumulation. Prohydrojasmon (PDJ), which has similar effects to endogenous jasmonates, was developed as a commercial bioregulator, particularly to improve fruits coloring. However, little information is available about the effect of PDJ on pears. This study investigated the effects of preharvest PDJ treatments on color development, phenolic compounds accumulation, and related gene expression in the red pear cultivar 'Nanhong'. The treatments were performed during the pre-color-change period by spraying 50 or 100 mg L-1 of PDJ on fruits. RESULTS Preharvest PDJ treatments had a significant effect on color development, without affecting other quality parameters such as total soluble solids and fruit acidity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that concentrations of anthocyanins and flavonols were enhanced in the peel after PDJ treatments, particularly when a concentration of 100 mg L-1 was used, whereas those of hydroxycinnamates and flavanols were decreased. After PDJ application, the transcription levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes PAL, CHS, CHI, ANS, F3H, and UFGT were enhanced, especially under the higher PDJ concentration tested. In addition, anthocyanin accumulation in the peels of PDJ-treated fruits was found to be positively correlated with the upregulation of the regulatory gene MYB114. CONCLUSION Preharvest treatments with PDJ could be a useful tool to improve fruits coloring and increase phenolic content in pear. These findings also improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with PDJ-regulated anthocyanin accumulation in pear fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Shang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haidong Bu
- Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Tianye Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Deguo Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Guodong Du
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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28
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Peian Z, Haifeng J, Peijie G, Sadeghnezhad E, Qianqian P, Tianyu D, Teng L, Huanchun J, Jinggui F. Chitosan induces jasmonic acid production leading to resistance of ripened fruit against Botrytis cinerea infection. Food Chem 2020; 337:127772. [PMID: 32777571 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan can function a key role in plant resistant against Botrytis cinerea infection, while its mechanism is unclear in ripened fruits. In this study, we investigated the chitosan effect on two type of ripened fruits including strawberry and grapes (Kyoho and Shine-Muscat) when were infected with B. cinerea. Results showed that chitosan inhibited B. cinerea growth, increased phenolic compounds and cell wall composition, modulated oxidative stress and induced jasmonic acid (JA) production in ripened fruits. Data-independent acquisition (DIA) showed that 224 and 171 proteins were upregulated 1.5-fold by chitosan in Kyoho and Shine-Muscat grape, respectively. Topless-related protein 3 (TPR3) were identified and interacted with histone deacetylase 19 (HDAC19) and negatively regulated by JA and chitosan. Meanwhile, overexpression of VvTPR3 and VvHDAC19 reduced the stability of cell wall against B. cinerea in strawberry. Taken together, chitosan induces defense related genes and protect the fruit quality against Botrytis infection through JA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Peian
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Haifeng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Gong Peijie
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pang Qianqian
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Tianyu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Teng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Huanchun
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Jinggui
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, Horticultural College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Ren H, Bai M, Sun J, Liu J, Ren M, Dong Y, Wang N, Ning G, Wang C. RcMYB84 and RcMYB123 mediate jasmonate-induced defense responses against Botrytis cinerea in rose (Rosa chinensis). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1839-1849. [PMID: 32524706 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are important for pathogen resistance in many plants, but the role of these phytohormones in fungal pathogen resistance in rose is unclear. Here, we determined that exogenous application of methyl jasmonate increased resistance to the important fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea in Rosa chinensis 'Old blush', whereas silencing the JA biosynthetic pathway gene Allene Oxide Synthase (AOS) and JA co-receptor gene CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) suppressed this response. Transcriptome profiling identified various MYB transcription factor genes that responded to both JA and B. cinerea treatment. Silencing Ri-RcMYB84/Ri-RcMYB123 increased the susceptibility of rose plants to B. cinerea and inhibited the protective effects of JA treatment, confirming the crucial roles of these genes in JA-induced responses to B. cinerea. JAZ1, a key repressor of JA signaling, directly interacts with RcMYB84 and RcMYB123 to deplete their free pools. The JAZ1-RcMYB84 complex binds to the RcMYB123 promoter via the CAACTG motifs to block its transcription. Upon JA treatment, the expression of RcMYB123 is de-repressed, and free forms of RcMYB84 and RcMYB123 are released due to JAZ1 degradation, thereby activating the defense responses of plants to B. cinerea. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying JA-induced pathogen resistance in roses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Ren
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengjuan Bai
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Min Ren
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuwei Dong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guogui Ning
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changquan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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The Effect of Ethylene on the Color Change and Resistance to Botrytis cinerea Infection in 'Kyoho' Grape Fruits. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070892. [PMID: 32645910 PMCID: PMC7404975 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of grape quality and the mechanism of resistance against foreign pathogens affect the storage stability of fruits during post-harvest handling. Ethylene plays a crucial role in regulating the ripeness of fruits and can be used as an exogenous regulator to resist exogenous pathogens. In this study, we used different concentrations of ethephon for treatment of grape fruits before veraison, analyzed the anthocyanin content, soluble solids, titratable acid, and determined fruit firmness and cell wall metabolism-related enzymes during fruit development. Results showed that exogenous ethephon promoted the early coloration of grape fruits and increased the coloring-related genes myeloblastosis A1(MYBA1), myeloblastosis A2(MYBA2), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase gene (F3’H), flavonoid 3’, 5’hydroxylase (F3’5’H), 3-O-flavonoid glucosyltransferase (UFGT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), softening related genes Polygalacturonase(PG), pectinate lyases(PL) and Pectin methylesterase( PME, as well as ethylene metabolism pathway-related genes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase 1(ACS1), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 2 (ACO2), ethylene receptor gene(ETR2), and ethylene-insensitive 3 (EIN3). Ethephon treatment also increased soluble solids and decreased titratable acid in grape fruit. Fruits pretreated with ethephon were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea, which led to resistance in grape fruit through activation of the antioxidant system. The expression levels of disease resistance-related genes including VvPAD4, VvPIP1, VvNAC26, VvDREB, VvAPX, Vvpgip, VvWRKY70, VvMYC2, VvNPR1 also increased in inoculated fruit with pathogen following ethephon pretreatment. Furthermore, we monitored ethylene response factor 1(ERF1) transcription factor, which could interact with protein EIN3 during ethylene signal transduction and mediate fruit resistance against B. cinerea infection. Meanwhile, overexpression of VvERF1 vectorin strawberry fruits reduced the susceptibility to B. cinerea infection. We suggest that ethylene can induce resistance in ripened fruits after B. cinerea infection and provide adequate postharvest care.
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Garde-Cerdán T, Rubio-Bretón P, Pérez-Álvarez EP. Seaweed foliar applications at two dosages to Tempranillo blanco (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines in two seasons: Effects on grape and wine volatile composition. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108918. [PMID: 32156366 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of seaweed applications to grapevines on grape and wine volatile composition are currently unknown. The aim of this work was to study the influence of seaweed foliar applications (Ascophyllum nodosum) to a Tempranillo blanco vineyard on grape and wine volatile composition. A low (Ld) and a high dosage (Hd) of the seaweed fertilizer was applied in two consecutive seasons (2017-2018). The most abundant family of varietal volatile compounds in Tempranillo blanco grapes was C13 norisoprenoid. Hd treatment tended to increase the concentration of certain C6 compounds in grapes in both seasons, whereas Ld application tended to decrease 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethanal content in grapes with a season dependence. Season factor affected to the concentration of most of the volatile compounds in grapes due to the differences on rainfall, which affected to the weight of 100 berries and physico-chemical parameters. Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in musts could have affected the concentration of most of the wine volatile compounds. According to odor activity values (OAV), Tempranillo blanco wines were characterized as floral, fruity, banana, pear, among others aroma compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gutiérrez-Gamboa
- Grupo VIENAP, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Carretera de Burgos, Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - T Garde-Cerdán
- Grupo VIENAP, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Carretera de Burgos, Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain.
| | - P Rubio-Bretón
- Grupo VIENAP, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Carretera de Burgos, Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - E P Pérez-Álvarez
- Grupo VIENAP, Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (CSIC, Gobierno de La Rioja, Universidad de La Rioja), Carretera de Burgos, Km. 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain; Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Ed. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Histochemical and Microscopic Studies Predict that Grapevine Genotype "Ju mei gui" is Highly Resistant against Botrytis cinerea. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040253. [PMID: 32244290 PMCID: PMC7238070 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea causes devastating pre- and post-harvest yield losses in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Although B. cinerea has been well-studied in different plant species, there is limited information related to the resistance and susceptibility mechanisms of Vitis genotypes against B. cinerea infection. In the present study, leaves and berries of twenty four grape genotypes were evaluated against B. cinerea infection. According to the results, one genotype (Ju mei gui) was highly resistant (HR), one genotype (Kyoho) was resistant (R), eight genotypes were susceptible (S), and fourteen genotypes were highly susceptible (HS) against infection of B. cinerea in leaves. Whereas in the case of B. cinerea infection in grape berry, three genotypes were found to be highly resistant, three resistant, eleven genotypes susceptible, and seven were highly susceptible. To further explore the mechanism of disease resistance in grapevine, we evaluated "Ju mei gui" and "Summer black" in terms of B. cinerea progression, reactive oxygen species reactions, jasmonic acid contents, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaf and fruit. We surmise that the resistance of "Ju mei gui" is due to seized fungal growth, minor reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, elevated antioxidant enzyme activity, and more jasmonic acid (JA) contents. This study provides insights into the resistance and susceptibility mechanism of Vitis genotypes against B. cinerea. This will help for the selection of appropriate germplasm to explore the molecular basis of disease resistance mechanisms in grapevine.
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Jia H, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Fu W, Su L, Fang J, Jia H. Effect of the Methylation Level on the Grape Fruit Development Process. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2099-2115. [PMID: 31961688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is extensively grown for fresh table grapes, wine, and other processed products worldwide. DNA methylation levels are regulated by DNA methylation maintenance and DNA methylation removal involved in the grapevine growth. We comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome and metabolome of the 'Kyoho' fruit with or without demethylation and screened for a large number of differential genes and metabolites. Color, hardness, and aroma are the most obvious traits reflecting the ripening of grapes. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to understand the changes in metabolites during ripening. We cloned many key genes selected by transcriptome analysis and found that intron retention was observed in VvCHS, VvDFR, and VvGST. The imbalance of methylation levels affects the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, which makes the translation process abnormal and affects gene expression. In addition, analyzing promoters of some genes, such as proVvGST4 and proVvUFGT, found that the promoters of these genes after demethylating were more difficult to methylate. Taken together, this study will provide new insights into comprehension of the molecular mechanism of methylation during ripening of grape berries. In addition, the study provides some genetic information to help guide our improvement, cultivation, and management of grapes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jia
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zibo Zhang
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Saihang Zhang
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Fu
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Su
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- College of Horticulture , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
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García-Pastor ME, Serrano M, Guillén F, Giménez MJ, Martínez-Romero D, Valero D, Zapata PJ. Preharvest application of methyl jasmonate increases crop yield, fruit quality and bioactive compounds in pomegranate 'Mollar de Elche' at harvest and during postharvest storage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:145-153. [PMID: 31471914 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous reports have addressed the effectiveness of postharvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments on maintaining quality properties of pomegranate fruit during storage. However, there is no literature regarding the effects of preharvest MeJA treatments on pomegranate 'Mollar de Elche' crop yield, fruit ripening, quality attributes and bioactive compounds content (at harvest or after long-term storage), which were evaluated in this research. RESULTS Preharvest MeJA treatments (1, 5, and 10 mmol L-1 ) increased pomegranate crop yield. MeJA at 1 and 5 mmol L-1 accelerated the on-tree ripening process, while it was delayed with 10 mmol L-1 . Losses in fruit weight, firmness and organic acids during storage at 10 °C were delayed in MeJA treated fruit, leading to quality maintenance. In addition, MeJA treatments improved arils colour due to increased concentration of total and individual anthocyanins, at harvest and during storage. Total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents and total antioxidant activity [hydrophilic (H-TAA) and lipophilic (L-TAA) fractions] were also higher in arils from treated pomegranate fruits than in controls. CONCLUSION Preharvest treatments with MeJA could be a promising tool to improve pomegranate crop yield, fruit quality and its content in bioactive compounds at harvest and during storage. The higher effects were obtained with MeJA at 5 mmol L-1 dose, which could be the selected treatment for practical application purposes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E García-Pastor
- Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fabián Guillén
- Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María J Giménez
- Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro J Zapata
- Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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Liu C, He M, Wang Z, Xu J. Integrative Analysis of Terpenoid Profiles and Hormones from Fruits of Red-Flesh Citrus Mutants and Their Wild Types. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193456. [PMID: 31547628 PMCID: PMC6804237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In citrus color mutants, the levels of carotenoid constituents and other secondary metabolites are different in their corresponding wild types. Terpenoids are closely related to coloration, bitterness, and flavor. In this study, terpenoid profiles and hormones in citrus fruits of two red-flesh mutants—Red Anliu orange and Red-flesh Guanxi pummelo—and their corresponding wild types were investigated using GC/MS, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS. Results showed that Red Anliu orange (high in carotenoids) and Anliu orange (low in carotenoids) accumulated low levels of limonoid aglycones but high levels of monoterpenoids; conversely, Red-flesh Guanxi pummelo (high in carotenoids) and Guanxi pummelo (deficient in carotenoids) accumulated high levels of limonoid aglycones but low levels of monoterpenoids. However, isopentenyl diphosphate was present at similar levels. A correlation analysis indicated that jasmonic and salicylic acids might play important roles in regulating terpenoid biosynthesis. Additionally, the similarities of carotenoid and volatile profiles between each mutant and its corresponding wild type were greater than those between the two mutants or the two wild types. The flux balance of terpenoid metabolism in citrus fruit tends toward stability among various citrus genera that have different terpenoid profiles. Bud mutations could influence metabolite profiles of citrus fruit to a limited extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Min He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Coelho J, Almeida-Trapp M, Pimentel D, Soares F, Reis P, Rego C, Mithöfer A, Fortes AM. The study of hormonal metabolism of Trincadeira and Syrah cultivars indicates new roles of salicylic acid, jasmonates, ABA and IAA during grape ripening and upon infection with Botrytis cinerea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:266-277. [PMID: 31128697 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hormones play an important role in fruit ripening and in response to biotic stress. Nevertheless, analyses of hormonal profiling during plant development and defense are scarce. In this work, changes in hormonal metabolism in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) were compared between a susceptible (Trincadeira) and a tolerant (Syrah) variety during grape ripening and upon infection with Botrytis cinerea. Infection of grapes with the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea leads to significant economic losses worldwide. Peppercorn-sized fruits were infected in the field and mock-treated and infected berries were collected at green, veraison and harvest stages for hormone analysis and targeted qPCR analysis of genes involved in hormonal metabolism and signaling. Results indicate a substantial reprogramming of hormonal metabolism during grape ripening and in response to fungal attack. Syrah and Trincadeira presented differences in the metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonates during grape ripening that may be connected to fruit quality. On the other hand, high basal levels of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonates and IAA at an early stage of ripening, together with activated SA, jasmonates and IAA signaling, likely enable a fast defense response leading to grape resistance/ tolerance towards B. cinerea. The balance among the different phytohormones seems to depend on the ripening stage and on the intra-specific genetic background and may be fundamental in providing resistance or susceptibility. In addition, this study indicated the involvement of SA and IAA in defense against necrotrophic pathogens and gains insights into possible strategies for conventional breeding and/or gene editing aiming at improving grape quality and grape resistance against Botrytis cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Coelho
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Pimentel
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Flávio Soares
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Reis
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília Rego
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Xiao G, Zhao P, Zhang Y. A Pivotal Role of Hormones in Regulating Cotton Fiber Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:87. [PMID: 30838005 PMCID: PMC6382683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is the main source of renewable fiber in the world and is primarily used for textile production. Cotton fibers are single cells differentiated from the ovule epidermis and are an excellent model system for studying cell elongation, polyploidization, and cell wall biosynthesis. Plant hormones, which are present in relatively low concentrations, play important roles in various developmental processes, and recently, multiple reports have revealed the pivotal roles of hormones in regulating cotton fiber development. For example, exogenous application of hormones has been shown to promote the initiation and growth of fiber cells. However, a comprehensive understanding about phytohormone regulating fiber development is still unknown. Here, we focus on recent advances in elucidating the roles of multiple phytohormones in the control of fiber development, namely auxin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid, ethylene, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and strigolactones. We not only review the identification of genes involved in hormone biosynthetic and signaling pathways but also discuss the mechanisms of these phytohormones in regulating the initiation and elongation of fiber cells in cotton. Auxin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and strigolactones play positive roles in fiber development, whereas cytokinin and abscisic acid inhibit fiber growth. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive review of the role of phytohormones in cotton fiber development that will serve as the basis for further elucidation of the mechanisms by which plant hormones regulate fiber growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Xiao,
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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Rahman MU, Hanif M, Wan R, Hou X, Ahmad B, Wang X. Screening Vitis Genotypes for Responses to Botrytis cinerea and Evaluation of Antioxidant Enzymes, Reactive Oxygen Species and Jasmonic Acid in Resistant and Susceptible Hosts. Molecules 2018; 24:E5. [PMID: 30577474 PMCID: PMC6337682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal phytopathogen with devastating effects on many Vitis genotypes. Here, a screening of 81 Vitis genotypes for leaf resistance to B. cinerea revealed two highly resistant (HR), twelve resistant (R), twenty-five susceptible (S) and forty-two highly susceptible (HS) genotypes. We focused on the HR genotype, 'Zi Qiu' (Vitis davidii), and the HS genotype 'Riesling' (V. vinifera), to elucidate mechanisms of host resistance and susceptibility against B. cinerea, using detached leaf assays. These involved a comparison of fungal growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses, jasmonic acid (JA) levels, and changes in the anti-oxidative system between the two genotypes after inoculation with B. cinerea. Our results indicated that the high-level resistance of 'Zi Qiu' can be attributed to insignificant fungal development, low ROS production, timely elevation of anti-oxidative functions, and high JA levels. Moreover, severe fungal infection of 'Riesling' and sustained ROS production coincided with relatively unchanged anti-oxidative activity, as well as low JA levels. This study provides insights into B. cinerea infection in grape, which can be valuable for breeders by providing information for selecting suitable germplasm with enhanced disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mati Ur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Ran Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Balakireva AV, Deviatkin AA, Zgoda VG, Kartashov MI, Zhemchuzhina NS, Dzhavakhiya VG, Golovin AV, Zamyatnin AA. Proteomics Analysis Reveals That Caspase-Like and Metacaspase-Like Activities Are Dispensable for Activation of Proteases Involved in Early Response to Biotic Stress in Triticum aestivum L. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123991. [PMID: 30544979 PMCID: PMC6320887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants, including Triticum aestivum L., are constantly attacked by various pathogens which induce immune responses. Immune processes in plants are tightly regulated by proteases from different families within their degradome. In this study, a wheat degradome was characterized. Using profile hidden Markov model (HMMer) algorithm and Pfam database, comprehensive analysis of the T. aestivum genome revealed a large number of proteases (1544 in total) belonging to the five major protease families: serine, cysteine, threonine, aspartic, and metallo-proteases. Mass-spectrometry analysis revealed a 30% difference between degradomes of distinct wheat cultivars (Khakasskaya and Darya), and infection by biotrophic (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm f. sp. tritici) or necrotrophic (Stagonospora nodorum) pathogens induced drastic changes in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. This study shows that an early immune response to biotic stress is associated with the same core of proteases from the C1, C48, C65, M24, M41, S10, S9, S8, and A1 families. Further liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the detected protease-derived peptides revealed that infection by both pathogens enhances overall proteolytic activity in wheat cells and leads to activation of proteolytic cascades. Moreover, sites of proteolysis were identified within the proteases, which probably represent targets of autocatalytic activation, or hydrolysis by another protease within the proteolytic cascades. Although predicted substrates of metacaspase-like and caspase-like proteases were similar in biotrophic and necrotrophic infections, proteolytic activation of proteases was not found to be associated with metacaspase-like and caspase-like activities. These findings indicate that the response of T. aestivum to biotic stress is regulated by unique mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Balakireva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Andrei A Deviatkin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Victor G Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya str., 10, bld. 8, Moscow 119121, Russia.
| | - Maxim I Kartashov
- All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, VNIIF, Bolshie Vyazemi, Odintsovsky distr., Moscow region 143050, Russia.
| | - Natalia S Zhemchuzhina
- All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, VNIIF, Bolshie Vyazemi, Odintsovsky distr., Moscow region 143050, Russia.
| | - Vitaly G Dzhavakhiya
- All Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, VNIIF, Bolshie Vyazemi, Odintsovsky distr., Moscow region 143050, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Golovin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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Leng F, Cao J, Wang S, Jiang L, Li X, Sun C. Transcriptomic Analyses of Root Restriction Effects on Phytohormone Content and Signal Transduction during Grape Berry Development and Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082300. [PMID: 30082597 PMCID: PMC6121528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones strongly influence growth, development and nutritional quality of agricultural products by modulating molecular and biochemical changes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of root restriction (RR) treatment on the dynamic changes of main phytohormones during the berry development and ripening of “Summer Black” early ripening seedless grape (Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca), and to analyze the changes in the biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways of phytohormones by transcriptomics. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) were used to quantify the phytohormone levels, and RNA-Seq was used to analyze the transcript abundance. The results showed that 23 transcripts involved in the phytohormone biosynthesis and 34 transcripts involved in the signal transduction pathways were significantly changed by RR treatment. RR also increased abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid levels, while decreasing auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin contents. The results of the present study suggest that RR treatment can accelerate the grape ripening process, and specific candidate genes were identified for further functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Leng
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jinping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shiping Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Ling Jiang
- Wujiang Research Institute of Grape, Jinhua 321017, China.
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Ferrero M, Pagliarani C, Novák O, Ferrandino A, Cardinale F, Visentin I, Schubert A. Exogenous strigolactone interacts with abscisic acid-mediated accumulation of anthocyanins in grapevine berries. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2391-2401. [PMID: 29401281 PMCID: PMC5913642 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Besides signalling to soil organisms, strigolactones (SLs) control above- and below-ground morphology, in particular shoot branching. Furthermore, SLs interact with stress responses, possibly thanks to a crosstalk with the abscisic acid (ABA) signal. In grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), ABA drives the accumulation of anthocyanins over the ripening season. In this study, we investigated the effects of treatment with a synthetic strigolactone analogue, GR24, on anthocyanin accumulation in grape berries, in the presence or absence of exogenous ABA treatment. Experiments were performed both on severed, incubated berries, and on berries attached to the vine. Furthermore, we analysed the corresponding transcript concentrations of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and in ABA biosynthesis, metabolism, and membrane transport. During the experiment time courses, berries showed the expected increase in soluble sugars and anthocyanins. GR24 treatment had no or little effect on anthocyanin accumulation, or on gene expression levels. Exogenous ABA treatment activated soluble sugar and anthocyanin accumulation, and enhanced expression of anthocyanin and ABA biosynthetic genes, and that of genes involved in ABA hydroxylation and membrane transport. Co-treatment of GR24 with ABA delayed anthocyanin accumulation, decreased expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, and negatively affected ABA concentration. GR24 also enhanced the ABA-induced activation of ABA hydroxylase genes, while it down-regulated the ABA-induced activation of ABA transport genes. Our results show that GR24 affects the ABA-induced activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in this non-climacteric fruit. We discuss possible mechanisms underlying this effect, and the potential role of SLs in ripening of non-ABA-treated berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ferrero
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliarani
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesca Cardinale
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ivan Visentin
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Andrea Schubert
- PlantStressLab, Department of Agricultural, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Identification and functional characterisation of an allene oxide synthase from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. Sauvignon blanc). Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:263-277. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Leng X, Wang P, Zhu X, Li X, Zheng T, Shangguan L, Fang J. Ectopic expression of CSD1 and CSD2 targeting genes of miR398 in grapevine is associated with oxidative stress tolerance. Funct Integr Genomics 2017; 17:697-710. [PMID: 28674744 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs of -21 nucleotides that play an important role in diverse plant physiological processes at the post-transcriptional level by directing mRNA cleavage or translational inhibition. Previous studies have indicated that down-regulation of miR398 in response to oxidative stress allows up-regulation of the two target genes, cytosolic CSD1 and chloroplastic CSD2 (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase), resulting in protecting the plants to tolerate oxidative stress. In this study, we provide evidence that grapevine miR398 (Vv-miR398), by regulating the expression of its target genes, VvCSD1 and VvCSD2, mediates responses of grapevine to copper (Cu) stress which have been magnified due to increase in Cu-containing pesticide application. The expression of Vv-miR398 was inhibited by different concentrations of Cu stress; on the other hand, there was a steady increase in the activity of VvCSD1 and VvCSD2 genes. The function of VvCSD1 and VvCSD2 under Cu stress was thoroughly examined by overexpressing the use of the VvCSD1 and VvCSD2 in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). We found that both the overexpressed transgenic lines had lower Cu sensitivity and higher Cu tolerance compared with the wild type. In addition, lower levels of ROS and higher levels of SOD activities were accumulated in the transgenic lines in comparison with the wild type under the higher Cu conditions. Furthermore, these transgenic tobacco lines also recorded a higher UV and salt tolerance than the WT plants. These results suggested that overexpressing the VvCSDs will enhance the ROS-scavenging systems and protect the plant against more oxidative damage. Also, more investigations in this line are needed that would provide significant improvements in our understanding the resistance of fruit crops to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiangPeng Leng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lingfei Shangguan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Liu L, Zou Z, Qian K, Xia C, He Y, Zeng H, Zhou X, Riemann M, Yin C. Jasmonic acid deficiency leads to scattered floret opening time in cytoplasmic male sterile rice Zhenshan 97A. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4613-4625. [PMID: 28981770 PMCID: PMC5853226 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) rice has been widely used for hybrid rice seed production in China. However, CMS rice suffers from undesirable flowering habits including scattered floret opening time (FOT), which causes different FOTs among parental rice plants and greatly reduces hybrid rice seed production. Little is known about the mechanism of scattered FOT in CMS rice. Our results demonstrate that scattered FOT in CMS rice Zhenshan 97A (ZS97A) resulted from the lack of a driving force to open florets, which was directly caused by retarded lodicule expansion. Our results indicate that retarded lodicule expansion in ZS97A was caused by reduced water accumulation due to retarded accumulation of osmotic regulation substances (ORSs). Further, the retardation in accumulation of ORSs and water were caused by jasmonic acid (JA) deficiency, resulting from down-regulation of OsAOC expression. Applying JA restored scattered FOT in ZS97A by promoting ORS and water accumulation, and inducing the expansion of the lodicules. Taken together, JA deficiency inhibited lodicule expansion by retarding the accumulation of ORSs and water, leading to scattered FOT in CMS rice ZS97A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengshan Zou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Qian
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chan Xia
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying He
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanlai Zeng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xie Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael Riemann
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Cell Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (CS), Kaiserstr, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Changxi Yin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence:
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Exploring the Functions of 9-Lipoxygenase (DkLOX3) in Ultrastructural Changes and Hormonal Stress Response during Persimmon Fruit Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030589. [PMID: 28294971 PMCID: PMC5372605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxygenase (LOX) initiates the hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and is involved in multiple physiological processes. In this study, investigation of various microscopic techniques showed that the fruit peel cellular microstructure of the two persimmon cultivars differed after 12 days of storage, resulting in fruit weight loss and an increased number and depth of microcracks. Analysis of subcellular localization revealed that greater amounts of DkLOX3-immunolabelled gold particles accumulated in “Fupingjianshi” than in “Ganmaokui” during storage. In addition, the expression of DkLOX3 was positively up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), concomitant with the promotion of ethylene synthesis and loss of firmness, and was suppressed by salicylic acid (SA), concomitant with the maintenance of fruit firmness, inhibition of ethylene production and weight loss. In particular, the expression of DkLOX3 differed from the ethylene trajectory after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Furthermore, we isolated a 1105 bp 5′ flanking region of DkLOX3 and the activity of promoter deletion derivatives was induced through various hormonal treatments. Promoter sequence cis-regulatory elements were analysed, and two conserved hormone-responsive elements were found to be essential for responsiveness to hormonal stress. Overall, these results will provide us with new clues for exploring the functions of DkLOX3 in fruit ripening and hormonal stress response.
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AbuQamar S, Moustafa K, Tran LS. Mechanisms and strategies of plant defense against Botrytis cinerea. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:262-274. [PMID: 28056558 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1271767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Biotic factors affect plant immune responses and plant resistance to pathogen infections. Despite the considerable progress made over the past two decades in manipulating genes, proteins and their levels from diverse sources, no complete genetic tolerance to environmental stresses has been developed so far in any crops. Plant defense response to pathogens, including Botrytis cinerea, is a complex biological process involving various changes at the biochemical, molecular (i.e. transcriptional) and physiological levels. Once a pathogen is detected, effective plant resistance activates signaling networks through the generation of small signaling molecules and the balance of hormonal signaling pathways to initiate defense mechanisms to the particular pathogen. Recently, studies using Arabidopsis thaliana and crop plants have shown that many genes are involved in plant responses to B. cinerea infection. In this article, we will review our current understanding of mechanisms regulating plant responses to B. cinerea with a particular interest on hormonal regulatory networks involving phytohormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA). We will also highlight some potential gene targets that are promising for improving crop resistance to B. cinerea through genetic engineering and breeding programs. Finally, the role of biological control as a complementary and alternative disease management will be overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synan AbuQamar
- a Department of Biology , United Arab Emirates University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Khaled Moustafa
- b Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers , Paris , France
| | - Lam Son Tran
- c Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences , Ton Duc Thang University , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.,d Signaling Pathway Research Unit , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
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47
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Gao X, Cui Q, Cao QZ, Liu Q, He HB, Zhang DM, Jia GX. Transcriptome-Wide Analysis of Botrytis elliptica Responsive microRNAs and Their Targets in Lilium Regale Wilson by High-Throughput Sequencing and Degradome Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:753. [PMID: 28572808 PMCID: PMC5435993 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs, as master regulators of gene expression, have been widely identified and play crucial roles in plant-pathogen interactions. A fatal pathogen, Botrytis elliptica, causes the serious folia disease of lily, which reduces production because of the high susceptibility of most cultivated species. However, the miRNAs related to Botrytis infection of lily, and the miRNA-mediated gene regulatory networks providing resistance to B. elliptica in lily remain largely unexplored. To systematically dissect B. elliptica-responsive miRNAs and their target genes, three small RNA libraries were constructed from the leaves of Lilium regale, a promising Chinese wild Lilium species, which had been subjected to mock B. elliptica treatment or B. elliptica infection for 6 and 24 h. By high-throughput sequencing, 71 known miRNAs belonging to 47 conserved families and 24 novel miRNA were identified, of which 18 miRNAs were downreguleted and 13 were upregulated in response to B. elliptica. Moreover, based on the lily mRNA transcriptome, 22 targets for 9 known and 1 novel miRNAs were identified by the degradome sequencing approach. Most target genes for elliptica-responsive miRNAs were involved in metabolic processes, few encoding different transcription factors, including ELONGATION FACTOR 1 ALPHA (EF1a) and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR 2 (TCP2). Furthermore, the expression patterns of a set of elliptica-responsive miRNAs and their targets were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. This study represents the first transcriptome-based analysis of miRNAs responsive to B. elliptica and their targets in lily. The results reveal the possible regulatory roles of miRNAs and their targets in B. elliptica interaction, which will extend our understanding of the mechanisms of this disease in lily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Qi Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Qin-Zheng Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Heng-Bin He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and PlanningShanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscaping on Challenging Urban SitesShanghai, China
| | - Gui-Xia Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Gui-Xia Jia
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Zenoni S, Dal Santo S, Tornielli GB, D’Incà E, Filippetti I, Pastore C, Allegro G, Silvestroni O, Lanari V, Pisciotta A, Di Lorenzo R, Palliotti A, Tombesi S, Gatti M, Poni S. Transcriptional Responses to Pre-flowering Leaf Defoliation in Grapevine Berry from Different Growing Sites, Years, and Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:630. [PMID: 28512461 PMCID: PMC5411443 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Leaf removal is a grapevine canopy management technique widely used to modify the source-sink balance and/or microclimate around berry clusters to optimize fruit composition. In general, the removal of basal leaves before flowering reduces fruit set, hence achieving looser clusters, and improves grape composition since yield is generally curtailed more than proportionally to leaf area itself. Albeit responses to this practice seem quite consistent, overall vine performance is affected by genotype, environmental conditions, and severity of treatment. The physiological responses of grape varieties to defoliation practices have been widely investigated, and just recently a whole genome transcriptomic approach was exploited showing an extensive transcriptome rearrangement in berries defoliated before flowering. Nevertheless, the extent to which these transcriptomic reactions could be manifested by different genotypes and growing environments is entirely unexplored. To highlight general responses to defoliation vs. different locations, we analyzed the transcriptome of cv. Sangiovese berries sampled at four development stages from pre-flowering defoliated vines in two different geographical areas of Italy. We obtained and validated five markers of the early defoliation treatment in Sangiovese, an ATP-binding cassette transporter, an auxin response factor, a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, a flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase and an indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase. Candidate molecular markers were also obtained in another three grapevine genotypes (Nero d'Avola, Ortrugo, and Ciliegiolo), subjected to the same level of selective pre-flowering defoliation (PFD) over two consecutive years in their different areas of cultivation. The flavonol synthase was identified as a marker in the pre-veraison phase, the jasmonate methyltransferase during the transition phase and the abscisic acid receptor PYL4 in the ripening phase. The characterization of transcriptome changes in Sangiovese berry after PFD highlights, on one hand, the stronger effect of environment than treatment on the whole berry transcriptome rearrangement during development and, on the other, expands existing knowledge of the main molecular and biochemical modifications occurring in defoliated vines. Moreover, the identification of candidate genes associated with PFD in different genotypes and environments provides new insights into the applicability and repeatability of this crop practice, as well as its possible agricultural and qualitative outcomes across genetic and environmental variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sara Zenoni,
| | | | | | - Erica D’Incà
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Filippetti
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pastore
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Allegro
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Oriana Silvestroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle MarcheAncona, Italy
| | - Vania Lanari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle MarcheAncona, Italy
| | - Antonino Pisciotta
- Department of Agricultural and Forest sciences, University of PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Di Lorenzo
- Department of Agricultural and Forest sciences, University of PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Palliotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Sergio Tombesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di PerugiaPerugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenza, Italy
| | - Matteo Gatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Poni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenza, Italy
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Effect of Exogenous Abscisic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate on Anthocyanin Composition, Fatty Acids, and Volatile Compounds of Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) Grape Berries. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101354. [PMID: 27754331 PMCID: PMC6273220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The anthocyanin composition, fatty acids, and volatile aromas are important for Cabernet Sauvignon grape quality. This study evaluated the effect of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the anthocyanin composition, fatty acids, lipoxygenase activity, and the volatile compounds of Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries. Exogenous ABA and MeJA improved the content of total anthocyanins (TAC) and individual anthocyanins. Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity also increased after treatment. Furthermore, 16 fatty acids were detected. The linoleic acid concentration gradually increased with ABA concentration. The fatty acid content decreased with increasing MeJA concentration and then increased again, with the exception of linoleic acid. After exogenous ABA and MeJA treatment, the C6 aroma content increased significantly. Interestingly, the exogenous ABA and MeJA treatments improved mainly the content of 1-hexanol, hexanal, and 2-heptanol. These results provide insight into the effect of plant hormones on wine grapes, which is useful for grape quality improvement.
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50
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Armijo G, Schlechter R, Agurto M, Muñoz D, Nuñez C, Arce-Johnson P. Grapevine Pathogenic Microorganisms: Understanding Infection Strategies and Host Response Scenarios. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:382. [PMID: 27066032 PMCID: PMC4811896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important fruit crop worldwide. Commercial cultivars are greatly affected by a large number of pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases during pre- and/or post-harvest periods, affecting production, processing and export, along with fruit quality. Among the potential threats, we can find bacteria, fungi, oomycete, or viruses with different life cycles, infection mechanisms and evasion strategies. While plant-pathogen interactions are cycles of resistance and susceptibility, resistance traits from natural resources are selected and may be used for breeding purposes and for a sustainable agriculture. In this context, here we summarize some of the most important diseases affecting V. vinifera together with their causal agents. The aim of this work is to bring a comprehensive review of the infection strategies deployed by significant types of pathogens while understanding the host response in both resistance and susceptibility scenarios. New approaches being used to uncover grapevine status during biotic stresses and scientific-based procedures needed to control plant diseases and crop protection are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricio Arce-Johnson
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
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