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Geijer-Simpson E, Kaner E, Lingam R, McArdle P, McGovern R. Effectiveness of Family-Involved Interventions in Reducing Co-Occurring Alcohol Use and Mental Health Problems in Young People Aged 12-17: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6890. [PMID: 37835160 PMCID: PMC10572317 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a high prevalence rate of co-occurring alcohol use and mental health problems in young people. This is associated with adverse outcomes and poses a substantial public health concern. We identified and synthesized evidence on the effectiveness of family-involved interventions in reducing alcohol use and mental health problems in young people aged 12-17. Seven databases were searched from inception to January 2023. Data from 19 articles reporting on 14 trials were pooled through random-effects meta-analysis for each outcome using Review Manager 5.3. Pooled estimates resulted in non-significant findings for alcohol use (SMD -0.60; 95% CI -1.63 to 0.42; p = 0.25; 6 trials; 537 participants), internalizing symptoms (SMD -0.13; 95% CI -0.37 to 0.10; p = 0.27), externalizing symptoms (SMD -0.26; 95% CI -0.66 to 0.15; p = 0.22) and substance use (SMD -0.33; 95% CI -0.72 to 0.06; p = 0.10). In contrast, significant intervention effects were identified for the mechanism of change, family conflict (SMD -0.30; 95% CI -0.51 to -0.09; p = 0.005). Consequently, addressing family functioning may not be sufficient in reducing co-occurring alcohol use and mental health problems. Non-significant intervention effects could be due to a lack of content addressing the relationship between alcohol use and mental health problems. Future intervention development could explore whether to incorporate such content and how best to involve the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Geijer-Simpson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Raghu Lingam
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Paul McArdle
- Northumberland, Tyne & Wear Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE3 3XT, UK
| | - Ruth McGovern
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
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2
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Kazantseva A, Davydova Y, Enikeeva R, Mustafin R, Malykh S, Lobaskova M, Kanapin A, Prokopenko I, Khusnutdinova E. A Combined Effect of Polygenic Scores and Environmental Factors on Individual Differences in Depression Level. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1355. [PMID: 37510260 PMCID: PMC10379734 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of depression could be evaluated through its multifactorial nature using the polygenic score (PGS) approach. Assuming a "clinical continuum" hypothesis of mental diseases, a preliminary assessment of individuals with elevated risk for developing depression in a non-clinical group is of high relevance. In turn, epidemiological studies suggest including social/lifestyle factors together with PGS to address the "missing heritability" problem. We designed regression models, which included PGS using 27 SNPs and social/lifestyle factors to explain individual differences in depression levels in high-education students from the Volga-Ural region (VUR) of Eurasia. Since issues related to population stratification in PGS scores may lead to imprecise variant effect estimates, we aimed to examine a sensitivity of PGS calculated on summary statistics of depression and neuroticism GWAS from Western Europeans to assess individual proneness to depression levels in the examined sample of Eastern Europeans. A depression score was assessed using the revised version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in 1065 young adults (age 18-25 years, 79% women, Eastern European ancestry). The models based on weighted PGS demonstrated higher sensitivity to evaluate depression level in the full dataset, explaining up to 2.4% of the variance (p = 3.42 × 10-7); the addition of social parameters enhanced the strength of the model (adjusted r2 = 15%, p < 2.2 × 10-16). A higher effect was observed in models based on weighted PGS in the women group, explaining up to 3.9% (p = 6.03 × 10-9) of variance in depression level assuming a combined SNPs effect and 17% (p < 2.2 × 10-16)-with the addition of social factors in the model. We failed to estimate BDI-measured depression based on summary statistics from Western Europeans GWAS of clinical depression. Although regression models based on PGS from neuroticism (depression-related trait) GWAS in Europeans were associated with a depression level in our sample (adjusted r2 = 0.43%, p = 0.019-for unweighted model), the effect was mainly attributed to the inclusion of social/lifestyle factors as predictors in these models (adjusted r2 = 15%, p < 2.2 × 10-16-for unweighted model). In conclusion, constructed PGS models contribute to a proportion of interindividual variability in BDI-measured depression in high-education students, especially women, from the VUR of Eurasia. External factors, including the specificity of rearing in childhood, used as predictors, improve the predictive ability of these models. Implementation of ethnicity-specific effect estimates in such modeling is important for individual risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Kazantseva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
- Laboratory of Neurocognitive Genomics, Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Yuliya Davydova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
- Laboratory of Neurocognitive Genomics, Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Renata Enikeeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
- Laboratory of Neurocognitive Genomics, Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Rustam Mustafin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450008 Ufa, Russia
| | - Sergey Malykh
- Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education, 125009 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Lobaskova
- Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education, 125009 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Kanapin
- Laboratory of Neurocognitive Genomics, Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics-Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
- Laboratory of Neurocognitive Genomics, Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 125009 Moscow, Russia
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Heinonen-Guzejev M, Whipp AM, Wang Z, Ranjit A, Palviainen T, van Kamp I, Kaprio J. Perceived Occupational Noise Exposure and Depression in Young Finnish Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4850. [PMID: 36981768 PMCID: PMC10049187 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association between perceived occupational noise exposure and depressive symptoms in young Finnish adults and whether noise sensitivity moderates this association. This study was based on an ongoing longitudinal twin study. We included those who had been working daily (n = 521) or weekly (n = 245) during the past 12 months (mean age 22.4, SD 0.7, 53% female). We asked about occupational noise exposure at age 22 and assessed depressive symptoms using the General Behavior Inventory (GBI) at age 17 and 22. Noise sensitivity and covariates were used in linear regression models. Perceived daily occupational noise exposure was associated, as a statistically independent main effect with depressive symptoms at age 22 (beta 1.19; 95% CI 0.09, 2.29) among all, and separately for females (beta 2.22; 95% CI 0.34, 4.09) but not males (beta 0.22; 95% CI -1.08, 1.52). Noise sensitivity was independently associated with depressive symptoms among all (beta 1.35; 95% CI 0.54, 2.17), and separately for males (beta 1.96; 95% CI 0.68, 3.24) but not females (beta 1.05; 95 % CI -0.04, 2.13). Noise sensitivity was independent of perceived occupational noise exposure. Pre-existing depressive symptoms at age 17 were predictive of perceived occupational noise exposure, suggesting complex interactions of noise and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Heinonen-Guzejev
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alyce M. Whipp
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Ranjit
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene van Kamp
- Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment in the Netherlands (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Whipp AM, Heinonen-Guzejev M, Pietiläinen KH, van Kamp I, Kaprio J. Branched-chain amino acids linked to depression in young adults. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:935858. [PMID: 36248643 PMCID: PMC9561956 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.935858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a heterogeneous mental health problem affecting millions worldwide, but a majority of individuals with depression do not experience relief from initial treatments. Therefore, we need to improve our understanding of the biology of depression. Metabolomic approaches, especially untargeted ones, can suggest new hypotheses for further exploring biological mechanisms. Using the FinnTwin12 cohort, a longitudinal Finnish population-based twin cohort, with data collected in adolescence and young adulthood including 725 blood plasma samples, we investigated associations between depression and 11 low–molecular weight metabolites (amino acids and ketone bodies). In linear regression models with the metabolite (measured at age 22) as the dependent variable and depression ratings (measured at age 12, 14, 17, or 22 from multiple raters) as independent variables [adjusted first for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and additional covariates (later)], we initially identified a significant negative association of valine with depression. Upon further analyses, valine remained significantly negatively associated with depression cross-sectionally and over time [meta-analysis beta = −13.86, 95% CI (−18.48 to −9.25)]. Analyses of the other branched-chain amino acids showed a significant negative association of leucine with depression [meta-analysis beta = −9.24, 95% CI (−14.53 to −3.95)], while no association was observed between isoleucine and depression [meta-analysis beta = −0.95, 95% CI (−6.00 to 4.11)]. These exploratory epidemiologic findings support further investigations into the role of branched-chain amino acids in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyce M. Whipp
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Alyce M. Whipp,
| | | | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Obesity Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene van Kamp
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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The Mediating Role of Contextual Problems and Sensation Seeking in the Association between Substance Use and Mental Health in Adolescents from Northern Chile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042262. [PMID: 35206450 PMCID: PMC8871919 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Substance use is a risk behavior that has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes in adolescence. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between behavioral problems, emotional problems, and substance use as well as the mediating role of contextual problems and sensation seeking in this relation. A cross-sectional study of 2277 adolescents from Northern Chile was conducted. The System for the Evaluation of Children and Adolescents (SENA) was used to assess substance use, contextual problems, sensation seeking, and emotional and behavioral problems. Through a mediational model, it was observed that substance use has a positive indirect effect on emotional and behavioral problems when both contextual problems and sensation seeking act as mediating variables. An indirect effect of substance use on contextual problems with sensation seeking as a mediator was also observed. The results suggests that context and sensation seeking are a relevant source of information in understanding adolescents and their propensity to use drugs. Interventions based on addressing contextual problems (problems with school, peers, and family) and enhancing personal resources should be implemented in order to reduce substance use in adolescents as well as the consequences it can generate in the short, medium, and long term.
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Virtanen S, Kuja-Halkola R, Lundström S, D'Onofrio BM, Larsson H, Suvisaari J, Mataix-Cols D, Lichtenstein P, Latvala A. Longitudinal Associations of Childhood Internalizing Psychopathology With Substance Misuse: A Register-Based Twin and Sibling Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:593-603. [PMID: 32621868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathways from internalizing psychopathology to substance misuse remain largely unclear. We estimated associations between childhood internalizing problems and subsequent substance misuse in 2 family-based samples. We also investigated sex differences and the role of externalizing comorbidity. METHOD We studied associations of childhood internalizing psychopathology with register-based substance misuse after age 13 years. Sample 1 included all individuals born in Sweden from 1984 to 2000 (N = 1,768,516). Depressive and anxiety disorders were included as register-based International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision (ICD-9) or Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnoses before age 13. Sample 2 was a subsample within the population sample, the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) twin cohort (n = 12,408; born 1992-1998), with mood and anxiety problems assessed at age 9/12 by parents. In both samples, substance misuse was defined as an ICD-9/10 alcohol/drug use disorder or an alcohol/drug-related criminal conviction until December 2013. To account for familial effects, stratified analyses were conducted within siblings and twin pairs. RESULTS In the population sample, both depressive (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.75, 95% CI = 2.36-3.20) and anxiety disorders (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.35-1.73) were associated with substance misuse. Childhood mood problems (HR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.69-3.08) were associated with substance misuse in the CATSS sample. The associations were partially explained by familial factors, and comorbid externalizing disorders explained the associations in men but not in women. CONCLUSION Childhood mood problems were associated with substance misuse, but familial factors shared by siblings partially explained the associations. The relationship of anxiety with substance misuse was complex and depended on measurement and the type of anxiety disorder. Internalizing problems may be especially important for substance misuse risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Virtanen
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Finland; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Brian M D'Onofrio
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Antti Latvala
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Finland; Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Viertiö S, Kiviruusu O, Piirtola M, Kaprio J, Korhonen T, Marttunen M, Suvisaari J. Factors contributing to psychological distress in the working population, with a special reference to gender difference. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:611. [PMID: 33781240 PMCID: PMC8006634 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological distress refers to non-specific symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression, and it is more common in women. Our aim was to investigate factors contributing to psychological distress in the working population, with a special reference to gender differences. Methods We used questionnaire data from the nationally representative Finnish Regional Health and Well-being Study (ATH) collected in the years 2012–2016 (target population participants aged 20 +, n = 96,668, response rate 53%), restricting the current analysis to those persons who were working full-time and under 65 of age (n = 34,468). Psychological distress was assessed using the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) (cut-off value <=52). We studied the following factors potentially associated with psychological distress: sociodemographic factors, living alone, having children under18 years of age, lifestyle-related factors, social support, helping others outside of the home and work-related factors. We used logistic regression analysis to examine association between having work-family conflict with the likelihood for psychological distress. We first performed the models separately for men and women. Then interaction by gender was tested in the combined data for those independent variables where gender differences appeared probable in the analyses conducted separately for men and women. Results Women reported more psychological distress than men (11.0% vs. 8.8%, respectively, p < 0.0001). Loneliness, job dissatisfaction and family-work conflict were associated with the largest risk of psychological distress. Having children, active participation, being able to successfully combine work and family roles, and social support were found to be protective factors. A significant interaction with gender was found in only two variables: ignoring family due to being absorbed in one’s work was associated with distress in women (OR 1.30 (95% CI 1.00–1.70), and mental strain of work in men (OR 2.71 (95% CI 1.66–4.41). Conclusions Satisfying work, family life and being able to successfully combine the two are important sources of psychological well-being for both genders in the working population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10560-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Viertiö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare in Finland (THL), Helsinki, Finland. .,Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Olli Kiviruusu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare in Finland (THL), Helsinki, Finland.,Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Piirtola
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri Marttunen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare in Finland (THL), Helsinki, Finland.,Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare in Finland (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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Predictive Association of Smoking with Depressive Symptoms: a Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Twins. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:1021-1030. [PMID: 31069603 PMCID: PMC6718365 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-01020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal, genetically informative studies of the association between cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms among adolescents are limited. We examined the longitudinal association of cigarette smoking with subsequent depressive symptoms during adolescence in a Finnish twin cohort. We used prospective data from the population-based FinnTwin12 study (maximum N = 4152 individuals, 1910 twin pairs). Current smoking status and a number of lifetime cigarettes smoked were assessed at the age of 14 and depressive symptoms at the age of 17. Negative binomial regression was conducted to model the association between smoking behavior and subsequent depressive symptoms among individuals, and within-pair analyses were conducted to control for unmeasured familial confounding. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, school grades, drinking alcohol to intoxication, health status, family structure, parental education, and smoking, as well as for pre-existing depressiveness. The results of the individual-level analyses showed that cigarette smoking at the age of 14 predicted depressive symptoms at the age of 17. Compared to never smokers, those who had smoked over 50 cigarettes (incidence rate ratio, IRR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.28–1.60) and regular smokers (IRR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.32–1.62) had higher depression scores. The associations were attenuated when adjusted for measured covariates and further reduced in within-pair analyses. In the within-pair results, the estimates were lower within monozygotic (MZ) pairs compared to dizygotic (DZ) pairs, suggesting that shared genetic factors contribute to the associations observed in individual-based analyses. Thus, we conclude that cigarette smoking is associated with subsequent depressive symptoms during adolescence, but the association is not independent of measured confounding factors and shared genetic influences.
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Sarala M, Miettunen J, Koskela J, Mustonen A, Rose RJ, Hurtig T, Veijola J, Niemelä S. Frequent intoxication and alcohol tolerance in adolescence: associations with psychiatric disorders in young adulthood. Addiction 2020; 115:888-900. [PMID: 31756009 DOI: 10.1111/add.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the associations of intoxication frequency and number of drinks needed to become intoxicated in mid-adolescence with onset of psychiatric disorders in early adulthood. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study in Northern Finland, with people from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 who self-reported adolescent alcohol use: 6548 subjects (69.4% of the original sample). Data on alcohol use were collected using questionnaires at ages 15-16 years. MEASUREMENTS Outcomes were any non-organic psychosis, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, any substance use disorder (SUD) and all the studied psychiatric disorders in early adulthood gathered from nation-wide health care, pension and insurance registers. Number of drinks needed to become intoxicated was categorized into three classes: (1) no alcohol use or intoxication, and (2) low and (3) high alcohol tolerance (more than seven/nine drinks for females/males) groups. Similarly, intoxication frequency was divided into three classes: (1) never, (2) one to two times and (3) three or more times during the past 30 days. Information regarding gender, family type, other drug use, psychopathology using Youth Self-Report (YSR) total score and parental psychiatric disorders were used as covariates. FINDINGS In the multivariable analyses, both low [odds ratio (OR) = 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3-6.7, P-value = 0.009] and high (OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.8-11.1, P-value = 0.001) alcohol tolerance were associated with increased risk of SUD. More frequent intoxication was associated with increased frequency of SUD (OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 2.0-7.3, P-value < 0.001) and mood disorder (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.3, P-value = 0.008). The latter was attenuated after adjusting with concurrent psychopathology (YSR) and other drug use. CONCLUSIONS Both higher alcohol tolerance and frequent intoxication in adolescence appear to be associated with increased risk of future substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Sarala
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Koskela
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Mustonen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Addiction Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital District of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland
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Wu WC, Hsieh HF, Chang HY, Lin HC, Buu A. Aggressive-Depressive Trajectories in Childhood and Their Associations with Drinking Behaviors and Problems in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:1897-1912. [PMID: 32323094 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that externalizing and internalizing pathways emanated in childhood are connected to later drinking behaviors; however, no study has investigated the contemporaneous effects of the two pathways using a person-centered approach that categorizes individuals based on their various developmental patterns. This study examined the distinct patterns of concurrent development of aggression and depressive symptoms in childhood and their associations with later drinking behaviors using data from a 15-year Taiwanese cohort since age 8 (N = 2854, 49% females). Group-based multi-trajectory modeling identified four aggressive-depressive trajectory groups: Moderate, Aggressive, Depressive, and Comorbid, which manifested a sequential risk gradient in alcohol use. Comorbid group, characterized by persistently high levels of aggression and depressive symptoms, has the highest levels of alcohol use and drinking problems and the earliest onset of drinking. Aggressive and Depressive groups have higher levels of alcohol use and earlier onset of drinking than Moderate group. These findings imply the importance of monitoring aggression and depressive symptoms simultaneously and continually in childhood to prevent later drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Wu
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hsing-Yi Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miao-li, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chang Lin
- School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Anne Buu
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Crum RM, Green KM, Stuart EA, La Flair LN, Kealhofer M, Young AS, Krawczyk N, Tormohlen KN, Storr CL, H. Alvanzo AA, Mojtabai R, Pacek LR, Cullen BA, Reboussin BA. Transitions through stages of alcohol involvement: The potential role of mood disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 189:116-124. [PMID: 29908411 PMCID: PMC6557161 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although prior clinical and population-based studies have demonstrated comorbidity between mood and alcohol use disorders (AUD), there is a paucity of research assessing whether mood disorders predict transition across stages of alcohol involvement. METHOD Hypothesizing that mood disorders predict transition across sex-specific alcohol involvement stages, we used prospective data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative survey of US adults, which included male (n = 14,564) and female (n = 20,089) participants surveyed in 2001-2 and re-interviewed in 2004-5. Latent class (LCA) and latent transition analyses (LTA) were used to assess patterns of alcohol involvement in the US and the association of lifetime mood disorders at baseline with transition across stages of alcohol involvement during follow-up. RESULTS A three-class model of AUD criteria was identified (No problems, Moderate problems and Severe problems) for both sexes. Positive cross-sectional associations between mood disorder and problem classes of alcohol involvement were found among both sexes, as were positive longitudinal associations. Propensity score adjustment mitigated the associations of baseline mood disorder with progressive transition for both sexes. However, among females, baseline mood disorder was consistently associated with reduction in remission from Severe to Moderate alcohol problems (aOR = 0.30, CI = 0.09-0.99, p = .048) over time. DISCUSSION Our study provides evidence that mood disorders impact transition through stages of alcohol involvement and are most strongly associated with hindering remission among females. Findings advance our understanding of these comorbid relationships and have clinical implications for ongoing assessment of drinking patterns among individuals with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Crum
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kerry M. Green
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland College Park School of Public Health, College Park, MD
| | - Elizabeth A. Stuart
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lareina N. La Flair
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marc Kealhofer
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrea S. Young
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Noa Krawczyk
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kayla N. Tormohlen
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Carla L. Storr
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anika A. H. Alvanzo
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ramin Mojtabai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lauren R. Pacek
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Bernadette A. Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Beth A. Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC
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12
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Barr PB, Silberg J, Dick DM, Maes HH. Childhood socioeconomic status and longitudinal patterns of alcohol problems: Variation across etiological pathways in genetic risk. Soc Sci Med 2018; 209:51-58. [PMID: 29793164 PMCID: PMC5997543 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is an important aspect of early life environment associated with later life health/health behaviors, including alcohol misuse. However, alcohol misuse is modestly heritable and involves differing etiological pathways. Externalizing disorders show significant genetic overlap with substance use, suggesting an impulsivity pathway to alcohol misuse. Alcohol misuse also overlaps with internalizing disorders, suggesting alcohol is used to cope. These differing pathways could lead to different patterns over time and/or differential susceptibility to environmental conditions, such as childhood SES. We examine whether: 1) genetic risk for externalizing and internalizing disorders influence trajectories of alcohol problems across adolescence to adulthood, 2) childhood SES alters genetic risk these disorders on trajectories of alcohol problems, and 3) these patterns are consistent across sex. We find modest evidence of gene-environment interaction. Higher childhood SES increases the risk of alcohol problems in late adolescence/early adulthood, while lower childhood SES increases the risk of alcohol problems in later adulthood, but only among males at greater genetic risk of externalizing disorders. Females from lower SES families with higher genetic risk of internalizing or externalizing disorders have greater risk of developing alcohol problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA.
| | - Judy Silberg
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
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13
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Andersen AM, Pietrzak RH, Kranzler HR, Ma L, Zhou H, Liu X, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Edenberg HJ, Nurnberger JI, Rice JP, Tischfield JA, Goate A, Foroud TM, Meyers JL, Porjesz B, Dick DM, Hesselbrock V, Boerwinkle E, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Weissman MM, Levinson DF, Potash JB, Gelernter J, Han S. Polygenic Scores for Major Depressive Disorder and Risk of Alcohol Dependence. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:1153-1160. [PMID: 28813562 PMCID: PMC5710224 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Importance Major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol dependence (AD) are heritable disorders with significant public health burdens, and they are frequently comorbid. Common genetic factors that influence the co-occurrence of MDD and AD have been sought in family, twin, and adoption studies, and results to date have been promising but inconclusive. Objective To examine whether AD and MDD overlap genetically, using a polygenic score approach. Design, Settings, and Participants Association analyses were conducted between MDD polygenic risk score (PRS) and AD case-control status in European ancestry samples from 4 independent genome-wide association study (GWAS) data sets: the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA); the Study of Addiction, Genetics, and Environment (SAGE); the Yale-Penn genetic study of substance dependence; and the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study (NHRVS). Results from a meta-analysis of MDD (9240 patients with MDD and 9519 controls) from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium were applied to calculate PRS at thresholds from P < .05 to P ≤ .99 in each AD GWAS data set. Main Outcomes and Measures Association between MDD PRS and AD. Results Participants analyzed included 788 cases (548 [69.5%] men; mean [SD] age, 38.2 [10.8] years) and 522 controls (151 [28.9.%] men; age [SD], 43.9 [11.6] years) from COGA; 631 cases (333 [52.8%] men; age [SD], 35.0 [7.7] years) and 756 controls (260 [34.4%] male; age [SD] 36.1 [7.7] years) from SAGE; 2135 cases (1375 [64.4%] men; age [SD], 39.4 [11.5] years) and 350 controls (126 [36.0%] men; age [SD], 43.5 [13.9] years) from Yale-Penn; and 317 cases (295 [93.1%] men; age [SD], 59.1 [13.1] years) and 1719 controls (1545 [89.9%] men; age [SD], 64.5 [13.3] years) from NHRVS. Higher MDD PRS was associated with a significantly increased risk of AD in all samples (COGA: best P = 1.7 × 10-6, R2 = 0.026; SAGE: best P = .001, R2 = 0.01; Yale-Penn: best P = .035, R2 = 0.0018; and NHRVS: best P = .004, R2 = 0.0074), with stronger evidence for association after meta-analysis of the 4 samples (best P = 3.3 × 10-9). In analyses adjusted for MDD status in 3 AD GWAS data sets, similar patterns of association were observed (COGA: best P = 7.6 × 10-6, R2 = 0.023; Yale-Penn: best P = .08, R2 = 0.0013; and NHRVS: best P = .006, R2 = 0.0072). After recalculating MDD PRS using MDD GWAS data sets without comorbid MDD-AD cases, significant evidence was observed for an association between the MDD PRS and AD in the meta-analysis of 3 GWAS AD samples without MDD cases (best P = .007). Conclusions and Relevance These results suggest that shared genetic susceptibility contributes modestly to MDD and AD comorbidity. Individuals with elevated polygenic risk for MDD may also be at risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan M. Andersen
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center of Veterans Integrated Service Network 4, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - John P. Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jay A. Tischfield
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Tatiana M. Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Departments of Psychology and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Steven M. Southwick
- US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John H. Krystal
- US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Myrna M. Weissman
- Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Douglas F. Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - James B. Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City
- now with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joel Gelernter
- US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shizhong Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
- now with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Torvik FA, Rosenström TH, Ystrom E, Tambs K, Røysamb E, Czajkowski N, Gillespie N, Knudsen GP, Kendler KS, Reichborn-Kjennerud T. Stability and change in etiological factors for alcohol use disorder and major depression. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 126:812-822. [PMID: 28541064 PMCID: PMC5546937 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are often comorbid. It is not understood how genetic risk factors for these disorders relate to each other over time and to what degree they are stable. Age-dependent characteristics of the disorders indicate that different genetic factors could be relevant at different stages of life, and MDD may become increasingly correlated with AUD over time. DSM-IV diagnoses of AUD and MDD were assessed by interviews of 2,801 young adult twins between 1999 and 2004 (T1) and 2,284 of the same twins between 2010 and 2011 (T2). Stability, change, and covariation were investigated in longitudinal biometric models. New genetic factors explained 56.4% of the genetic variance in AUD at T2. For MDD, there was full overlap between genetic influences at T1 and T2. Genetic risk factors for MDD were related to AUD, but their association with AUD did not increase over time. Thus, genetic risk factors for AUD, but not MDD, vary with age, suggesting that AUD has age-dependent heritable etiologies. Molecular genetic studies of AUD may therefore benefit from stratifying by age. The new genetic factors in AUD were not related to MDD. Environmental influences on the 2 disorders were correlated in middle, but not in young adulthood. The environmental components for AUD correlated over time (r = .27), but not for MDD. Environmental influences on AUD can have long-lasting effects, and the effects of preventive efforts may be enduring. Environment influences seem to be largely transient. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eivind Ystrom
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health
| | - Kristian Tambs
- Department of Aging and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health
| | - Espen Røysamb
- Department of Child Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health
| | | | - Nathan Gillespie
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatry and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth Universit
| | - Gun Peggy Knudsen
- Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatry and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
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15
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Johannessen EL, Andersson HW, Bjørngaard JH, Pape K. Anxiety and depression symptoms and alcohol use among adolescents - a cross sectional study of Norwegian secondary school students. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:494. [PMID: 28535753 PMCID: PMC5442592 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the associations between symptoms of anxiety and depression and alcohol drinking behavior among adolescents, by focusing on the importance of symptom load, as well as gender differences. Methods Data was derived from a cross-sectional school based survey among adolescents in upper secondary schools in Norway. Among other variables adolescents reported on symptoms of anxiety and depression, time of onset and extent of alcohol use. The sample consisted of 6238 adolescents aged 16–18 years. We estimated prevalence of alcohol drinking behaviors in relation to severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results Higher levels of depression symptoms were associated with earlier onset of alcohol use, more frequent consumption and intoxications. The associations between anxiety and depression symptoms and early drinking onset were stronger for girls than for boys. Higher levels of anxiety symptoms were only associated with alcohol consumption among girls. Conclusions Boys and girls with depressive symptoms and girls with anxiety symptoms are more likely to have unhealthy patterns of alcohol drinking. Preventive strategies at all levels could possibly profit from a common approach to mental health and alcohol use, in particular for girls in mid-adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helle Wessel Andersson
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan Håkon Bjørngaard
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olav's University Hospital Trondheim, Forensic Department and Research Centre Bröset, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Pape
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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16
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Edwards AC, Heron J, Vladimirov V, Wolen AR, Adkins DE, Aliev F, Hickman M, Kendler KS. The Rate of Change in Alcohol Misuse Across Adolescence is Heritable. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 41:57-64. [PMID: 27892595 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use typically begins during adolescence and escalates into young adulthood. This represents an important period for the establishment of alcohol use and misuse patterns, which can have psychosocial and medical consequences. Although changes in alcohol use during this time have been phenotypically characterized, their genetic nature is poorly understood. METHODS Participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) 4 times from age 16 to 20. We used Mplus to construct a growth model characterizing changes in AUDIT scores across time (N = 4,545, where data were available for at least 2 time points). The slope of the model was used as the phenotype in a genomewide association study (N = 3,380), followed by secondary genetic analyses. RESULTS No individual marker met genomewide significance criteria. Top markers mapped to biologically plausible candidate genes. The slope term was moderately heritable (h2SNP = 0.26, p = 0.009), and replication attempts using a meta-analysis of independent samples provided support for implicated variants at the aggregate level. Nominally significant (p < 0.00001) markers mapped to putatively active genomic regions in brain tissue more frequently than expected by chance. CONCLUSIONS These results build on prior studies by demonstrating that common genetic variation impacts alcohol misuse trajectories. Influential loci map to genes that merit additional research, as well as to intergenic regions with regulatory functions in the central nervous system. These findings underscore the complex biological nature of alcohol misuse across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Vladimir Vladimirov
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aaron R Wolen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Daniel E Adkins
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of African-American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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17
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Powers J, Duffy L, Burns L, Loxton D. Binge drinking and subsequent depressive symptoms in young women in Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 161:86-94. [PMID: 26868863 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term impact of binge drinking on subsequent depressive symptoms is unclear. The aims were to identify longitudinal patterns of binge drinking and whether binge drinking preceded depressive symptoms in the short-term (1-6 years) and long-term (10-15 years). METHODS Longitudinal data from 1996, 2000 and 2009 mailed surveys of 8,197 women in the 1973-78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Latent class analysis was used to identify binge drinking patterns and logistic regression to estimate associations with subsequent depressive symptoms. RESULTS Five binge drinking trajectories were identified with predicted proportions of women who were very infrequent (24%), fluctuating infrequent (17%), frequent (17%), very frequent (26%) or extremely frequent binge drinkers (16%) between 16 and 21 years. At 22-27 years, depressive symptoms were significantly higher for extremely frequent binge drinkers (31% versus 21% in the short-term; 22% versus 16%-18% in the long-term) than for less frequent bingers. Unadjusted odds of depressive symptoms were 1.70 (95%CI:1.38;2.08) times for extremely frequent binge drinkers than very infrequent bingers and were 1.30 (95%CI:1.04;1.63) after adjusting for demographics, relationships and experience of violence. At 31-36 years, the odds of depressive symptoms were 1.34 (95%CI:1.09-1.64) times for extremely frequent than very infrequent binge drinkers, but were not significant after adjusting for relationships and violence. CONCLUSIONS Extremely frequent binge drinking (more than weekly) in late adolescence appears to elevate the risk of subsequent depressive symptoms in young women in their early twenties and thirties, emphasising the need for preventive strategies to curb binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Powers
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Luke Duffy
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Lucy Burns
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Deborah Loxton
- Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
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18
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Grigsby TJ, Forster M, Soto DW, Unger JB. Changes in the strength of peer influence and cultural factors on substance use initiation between late adolescence and emerging adulthood in a Hispanic sample. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2016; 16:137-154. [PMID: 26822557 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2015.1108255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We examine whether peer substance use and cultural factors differentially influence the initiation of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use in adolescence and emerging adulthood (EA) among a community-based sample of Hispanics. Participants provided data in 11th grade (M = 16.8 years old, SD = 0.54) and emerging adulthood (M = 20.3 years old, SD = 0.6). Peer tobacco use had a stronger association with initiation of tobacco use in emerging adulthood (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.89) than in adolescence (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.40), but this pattern was not observed with initiation of alcohol or marijuana use. Cultural orientation is associated with initiation of tobacco use during EA but not with initiation of alcohol or marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Grigsby
- a Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California
| | - Myriam Forster
- a Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California
| | - Daniel W Soto
- a Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- a Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California
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19
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Co-development of early adolescent alcohol use and depressive feelings: The role of the mu-opioid receptor A118G polymorphism. Dev Psychopathol 2014; 27:915-25. [PMID: 25215437 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use and depressive feelings are often related among early adolescents. However, the nature and underlying mechanisms of this association are not yet clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the co-development of alcohol use and depressive feelings over time and to examine the effects of the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) A118G genotype on such co-development. Data from a five-wave longitudinal, genetically informed survey study, with intervals of 4 months among a group of 739 normative early adolescents (12-13 years of age at baseline), were analyzed using a dual latent growth curve approach. OPRM1 status was evaluated from saliva-derived DNA samples. The results indicated a positive association between alcohol use and depressive feelings both at the initial levels and over time, indicating co-development in early adolescence. Compared to OPRM1 118G carriers, homozygous 118A carriers showed a greater increase in frequency of alcohol use and higher levels of depressive feelings over time. Evidence for co-development was only found within the group of homozygous 118A carriers, whereas in OPRM1 118G carriers the development of alcohol use and depressive feelings over time were not significantly associated. These results highlight the potential of OPRM1 as a common etiological factor for the development of alcohol use and depressive feelings in early adolescence.
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20
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Edwards AC, Joinson C, Dick DM, Kendler KS, Macleod J, Munafò M, Hickman M, Lewis G, Heron J. The association between depressive symptoms from early to late adolescence and later use and harmful use of alcohol. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:1219-30. [PMID: 25130265 PMCID: PMC4246124 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms and alcohol misuse contribute substantially to the global health burden. These phenotypes often manifest, and frequently co-occur, during adolescence. However, few studies have examined whether both baseline levels of depressive symptoms and change in symptoms are associated with alcohol outcomes. In addition, inconsistent findings could be due to sex differences or the use of different alcohol outcomes. Using data from a prospective population-based cohort in the UK, we estimated trajectories of depressive symptoms from 12 years 10 months to 17 years 10 months, separately for male and female participants. We assessed whether baseline and change in depressive symptoms were associated with use and harmful use of alcohol at 18 years 8 months. Among females, increasing depressive symptoms were associated with increased alcohol use; whilst for males, there was little evidence of this. When examining harmful levels of alcohol use, baseline levels of depressive symptoms in males were weakly related to later harmful alcohol use but this association was attenuated substantially through adjustment for confounders. In contrast, both baseline symptoms and increase in symptoms were associated with later harmful alcohol use in females and these associations were not diminished by confounder adjustment. Elevated depressive symptoms during adolescence are positively associated with increases in both use and harmful use of alcohol at 18 years 8 months. These findings differ between the sexes. Further research is needed to examine the mechanisms underlying the link between depressive symptoms and harmful alcohol use to identify potentially modifiable factors for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Carol Joinson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - John Macleod
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Marcus Munafò
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Mental Health Sciences Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
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21
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Edwards AC, Kendler KS. Alcohol consumption in men is influenced by qualitatively different genetic factors in adolescence and adulthood. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1857-1868. [PMID: 23282961 PMCID: PMC3670965 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712002917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is influenced by genetic factors. Previous studies have examined the heritability of alcohol consumption, or related phenotypes, from adolescence into adulthood, frequently finding that total heritability changes over time. However, it remains unclear whether the same genes underlie liability to alcohol consumption across development versus whether novel risk genes become important over time. Method A population-based study of adult male twins (n=1790) born in Virginia, USA, retrospectively reported on their average monthly alcohol consumption from early adolescence through adulthood. We used twin modeling methods to explore genetic and environmental influences on alcohol consumption over time. RESULTS One latent genetic factor accounted for the majority of the heritability in alcohol consumption during mid- to late adolescence, but its influence declined thereafter; from young adulthood forward, heritability was largely attributable to a second genetic factor. The total heritability of alcohol consumption increased from 0 at ages 12-14 years to 0.40 by ages 18-21 years. Shared environmental factors declined in influence over time. CONCLUSIONS The heritability of alcohol consumption over time is dynamic both quantitatively and qualitatively. These results have important implications for gene identification endeavors. Furthermore, these findings could inform efforts to elucidate developmentally dynamic behaviors, such as antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, USA.
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22
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Blonigen DM, Burroughs T, Haber JR, Jacob T. Psychiatric morbidity is linked to problem drinking in midlife among alcohol-dependent men: a co-twin control study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2013. [PMID: 23200159 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2013.74.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior research on predictors of problem drinking has been limited because of an inability to attribute an unambiguous environmental explanation to observed findings. Using a prospective co-twin control design, we examined the extent to which a history of psychiatric symptoms exerts an environmental influence on problem drinking in midlife that is unconfounded by genetic underpinnings. METHOD Participants were 367 complete male twin pairs (208 monozygotic, 159 dizygotic) from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry who were assessed in midlife as part of the Family Twin Study (Mage = 51.4 years, SD = 2.8). Twin pairs who were concordant for a lifetime diagnosis of an alcohol use disorder (AUD) in 1992 were selected for participation and were reinterviewed in 2001 to measure symptoms of AUD (i.e., problem drinking) since the prior assessment (past 10 years). RESULTS Within-pair differences in lifetime symptom counts of several psychiatric disorders measured in 1992 (i.e., major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, antisocial personality, mania, and posttraumatic stress disorder) were significantly associated with within-pair differences in AUD symptoms in the subsequent 10 years. CONCLUSIONS A history of psychiatric problems, particularly one marked by internalizing symptoms, appears to be linked to problem drinking in midlife above and beyond the confounding influence of genetic effects and underscores the potential value of integrated interventions for comorbidity to address problem drinking among individuals during this period of the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Blonigen
- Center for Health Care Evaluation, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood disorders are expressed in many heterogeneous forms, varying from anxiety to severe major clinical depression. The disorders are expressed in individual variety through manifestations governed by co-morbidities, symptom frequency, severity, and duration, and the effects of genes on phenotypes. The underlying etiologies of mood disorders consist of complex interactive operations of genetic and environmental factors. The notion of endophenotypes, which encompasses the markers of several underlying liabilities to the disorders, may facilitate efforts to detect and define, through staging, the genetic risks inherent to the extreme complexity of disease state. AIMS This review evaluates the role of genetic biomarkers in assisting clinical diagnosis, identification of risk factors, and treatment of mood disorders. METHODS Through a systematic assessment of studies investigating the epigenetic basis for mood disorders, the present review examines the interaction of genes and environment underlying the pathophysiology of these disorders. RESULTS The majority of research findings suggest that the notion of endophenotypes, which encompasses the markers of several underlying liabilities to the disorders, may facilitate efforts to detect and define, through staging, the genetic risks inherent to the extreme complexity of the disease states. Several strategies under development and refinement show the propensity for derivation of essential elements in the etiopathogenesis of the disorders affecting drug-efficacy, drug metabolism, and drug adverse effects, e.g., with regard to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. These include: transporter gene expression and genes encoding receptor systems, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis factors, neurotrophic factors, and inflammatory factors affecting neuroimmune function. Nevertheless, procedural considerations of pharmacogenetics presume the parallel investment of policies and regulations to withstand eventual attempts at misuse, thereby ensuring patient integrity. CONCLUSIONS Identification of genetic biomarkers facilitates choice of treatment, prediction of response, and prognosis of outcome over a wide spectrum of symptoms associated with affective states, thereby optimizing clinical practice procedures. Epigenetic regulation of primary brain signaling, e.g., serotonin and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, and factors governing their metabolism are necessary considerations. The participation of neurotrophic factors remains indispensable for neurogenesis, survival, and functional maintenance of brain systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Edwards AC, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, Kendler KS. Early environmental influences contribute to covariation between internalizing symptoms and alcohol intoxication frequency across adolescence. Addict Behav 2011; 36:175-82. [PMID: 21051153 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The association between alcohol use and internalizing symptoms during adolescence varies across studies, and the causes underlying this association remain unclear. The current study examines the relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression and intoxication frequency in a sample of Swedish twins assessed longitudinally from ages 13-14 to 19-20. The objectives of the study were to assess the stability of genetic and environmental influences on each trait across adolescence; to investigate whether these traits share genetic and/or environmental liabilities; and to explore quantitative changes in the shared liability over time. We found that the magnitude of genetic influences on internalizing symptoms remained relatively stable across adolescence, while their impact on intoxication frequency was dynamic. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were influenced by unique environmental factors, while both shared and unique environmental factors influenced intoxication frequency. Genetic and environmental innovation and attenuation were observed for both traits. While no significant genetic correlation was observed between traits, unique environmental factors did contribute to a shared liability. This environmental correlation was positive and moderate (r(E)=0.41) in the early assessment, but decreased and changed direction at later waves (r(E)=-.04 to -.01). The genetic and environmental factors underlying internalizing symptoms and intoxication frequency appear to be developmentally dynamic. Early environmental factors contribute to the association between these traits, but this shared liability diminishes across adolescence.
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Pubertal development moderates the importance of environmental influences on depressive symptoms in adolescent girls and boys. J Youth Adolesc 2010; 40:1383-93. [PMID: 21136145 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-010-9617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence differences in depressive symptoms between the sexes typically emerge in adolescence, with symptoms more prevalent among girls. Some evidence suggests that variation in onset and progression of puberty might contribute to these differences. This study used a genetically informative, longitudinal (assessed at ages 12, 14, and 17) sample of Finnish adolescent twins (N = 1214, 51.6% female) to test whether etiological influences on depressive symptoms differ as a function of pubertal status. These tests were conducted separately by sex, and explored longitudinal relationships. Results indicated that pubertal development moderates environmental influences on depressive symptoms. These factors are more important on age 14 depressive symptoms among more developed girls relative to their less developed peers, but decrease in influence on age 17 depressive symptoms. The same effects are observed in boys, but are delayed, paralleling the delay in pubertal development in boys compared to girls. Thus, the importance of environmental influences on depressive symptoms during adolescence changes as a function of pubertal development, and the timing of this effect differs across the sexes.
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