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McAlpine T, Mullan B, Clarke PJF. Re-considering the Role of Sleep Hygiene Behaviours in Sleep: Associations Between Sleep Hygiene, Perceptions and Sleep. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:705-717. [PMID: 37672195 PMCID: PMC11452418 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep hygiene behaviours are a suggested set of behaviours people can engage in to improve sleep. However, there are numerous issues relating to the measurement of sleep hygiene, primarily, the lack of consensus as to which behaviours impact sleep and should therefore be included in scales. METHOD Cross-sectional correlational methods were used to assess the association between sleep quality, a highly inclusive range of sleep hygiene behaviours, and individual perceptions of those behaviours in a non-clinical sample of 300 participants. RESULTS Of the 35 sleep hygiene behaviours assessed, 18 were independently associated with sleep quality. Post-hoc factor analysis revealed that behaviours clustered together across four factors. A 'routine' factor included behaviours such as going to bed and waking up at the same time each night, and were important predictors of sleep quality, as were behaviours belonging to the 'perseverative cognition' and 'negative emotionality' factor. Other behaviours related to physiological processes like exposure to sunlight during the day and going to bed hungry were also significantly associated with sleep. Negative perceptions moderated the relationship between daytime exposure to sunlight and sleep. CONCLUSIONS Although certain behaviours were significantly related to sleep, almost half were not, supporting the need to examine the association between sleep and behaviours used for sleep hygiene recommendations more critically. Reframing sleep hygiene recommendations into a condensed set of shared underlying mechanisms may be of benefit for the development of sleep hygiene scales and interventions in non-clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas McAlpine
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Barbara Mullan
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Patrick J F Clarke
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
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Tsui HTC, Chan WS. Daily Associations Between Sleep Parameters and Depressive Symptoms in Individuals with Insomnia: Investigating Emotional Reactivity and Regulation as Mediators. Behav Sleep Med 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39262137 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2024.2399620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research suggests that insomnia and depressive symptoms might be causally related. Emotional reactivity and regulation have been proposed to explain the potential causal relationship between insomnia and depression. However, longitudinal evaluations of their mediating effects are limited. Hence, the current study aimed to examine the mediating effects of emotional reactivity and regulation on the longitudinal associations between daily sleep parameters and depressive symptoms over 14 days in individuals with insomnia. METHODS Participants were sixty adults aged 18-65 who had clinically significant insomnia. They filled out a survey each morning and evening and wore actigraphy watches for 14 consecutive days. The five sleep parameters were measured by sleep diary in the morning survey (subjective total sleep time, subjective sleep efficiency, and sleep quality) and actigraphy watches (objective total sleep time and objective sleep efficiency). Emotional reactivity and emotion regulation strategy use during the day were assessed in the evening survey using the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms of the day were evaluated in the evening survey with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. RESULTS Results showed that sleep quality and depressive symptoms, as well as actigraphy-measured sleep efficiency and depressive symptoms, predicted each other in individuals with insomnia, mediated by negative reactivity but not emotion regulation. CONCLUSIONS The present findings support the mediating role of negative emotional reactivity in the bidirectional, daily relationship between sleep parameters and depression in individuals with insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tsz Ching Tsui
- Sleep, Self-regulation and Health Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sze Chan
- Sleep, Self-regulation and Health Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Yan X, Xiong Z, Sun H, Li J, Gao Y, Zhang J, Ding X. Effects of an online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for caregivers of children with allergic rhinitis. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1372586. [PMID: 39205977 PMCID: PMC11349699 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1372586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of allergic rhinitis in children is high across the world, as well as in China. Allergic rhinitis in children has serious impact on physical and mental health of the children. At the same time, the caregivers of allergic rhinitis children have heavy burden of care, and their mental problems are severe. It is necessary to implement timely psychological intervention for the caregivers of allergic rhinitis children. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a safe and effective psychological therapy, and the effect of online intervention can be comparable to the traditional face-to-face intervention program. This study focused on the mental health status in the main caregivers of children with allergic rhinitis, and conducted a modified online MBCT intervention on the caregivers, in order to improve their adverse mental state, meanwhile, improve the quality of care they provide. The results show that online MBCT intervention is applicable to the main caregivers of children with allergic rhinitis, and can effectively reduce caregiver burden, relieve anxiety and depression, and improve the level of mindfulness in the caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Yan
- Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongwei Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Neuropsychology, Clinical Medical Research Center for Dementia and Cognitive Impairment of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jieli Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yadong Gao
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Ding
- Department of Neuropsychology, Clinical Medical Research Center for Dementia and Cognitive Impairment of Hubei Province, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Kolind MEI, Kruse R, Petersen AS, Larsen CS, Bak LK, Højlund K, Beier CP, Stenager E, Juhl CB. Investigating the role of obesity, circadian disturbances and lifestyle factors in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Study protocol for the SOMBER trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306408. [PMID: 38976708 PMCID: PMC11230533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate circadian rhythms in independently living adults with obesity and mental disease, exploring the interplay between biological markers and lifestyle factors. Eighty participants divided equally into four groups; (i) people with obesity and schizophrenia; (ii) people with obesity and bipolar disorder; (iii) people with obesity without mental disease or sleep disorders, and (iv) people without obesity, mental disease or sleep disorders. Over two consecutive days, participants engage in repeated self-sampling of hair follicle and saliva; concurrently, data is collected on diet, body temperature, light exposure, sleep parameters, and physical activity by accelerometry. Hair follicles are analyzed for circadian gene expression, saliva samples for cortisol and melatonin concentrations. Circadian rhythms are investigated by cosinor analysis. The study employs a participant-tailored sampling schedule to minimize disruptions to daily routine and enhance ecological validity. The methodology aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the factors contributing to circadian disruptions in people with obesity, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, potentially informing strategies for future management and mitigation. Trial registration: (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05413486).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel EI Kolind
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient data Explorative Network—OPEN, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Rikke Kruse
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anni S. Petersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte S. Larsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lasse K. Bak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christoph P. Beier
- Open Patient data Explorative Network—OPEN, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elsebeth Stenager
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus B. Juhl
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient data Explorative Network—OPEN, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Yu H, Shi Z, Zhao M. The Relationship between Metacognition, Rumination, and Sleep in University Students with a Tendency toward Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:444. [PMID: 38920776 PMCID: PMC11201180 DOI: 10.3390/bs14060444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
People with generalized anxiety disorder tend to have sleep problems, and studies have found correlations between metacognition, rumination, and sleep, but it is unclear how metacognition and rumination work in people with a tendency towards generalized anxiety disorder. The goal of this paper is to investigate the correlation between metacognition, rumination, and sleep in university students with a tendency towards generalized anxiety disorder, and the mediating role of rumination in the effect of metacognition on sleep. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Meta-Cognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30), the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to investigate and psychometrically measure 566 university students in Anyang Normal College. The results of correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between metacognition and sleep, ruminative thinking and sleep, and metacognition and rumination in university students with a tendency towards generalized anxiety disorder. Mediation analysis showed that rumination partially mediated the effect of metacognition on sleep, with the mediating effect accounting for 51.1% of the total effect. There is a strong correlation between metacognition, rumination, and sleep in university students with a tendency towards generalized anxiety disorder, and both metacognition and rumination can predict sleep, while metacognition can affect sleep through the mediating effect of rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhanbiao Shi
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (H.Y.); (M.Z.)
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Laicher H, Int-Veen I, Woloszyn L, Wiegand A, Kroczek A, Sippel D, Leehr EJ, Lawyer G, Albasini F, Frischholz C, Mössner R, Nieratschker V, Rubel J, Fallgatter A, Ehlis AC, Rosenbaum D. In situ fNIRS measurements during cognitive behavioral emotion regulation training in rumination-focused therapy: A randomized-controlled trial. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 40:103525. [PMID: 37839195 PMCID: PMC10589893 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT), including rumination, plays a key role in various psychopathologies. Although several psychotherapeutic treatments have been developed to reduce RNT, the neural correlates of those specific treatments and of psychotherapy in general are largely unknown. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers the potential to investigate the neural correlates of psychotherapeutic techniques in situ. Therefore, in this study we investigated the efficacy and neural correlates of a fNIRS adapted Mindfulness-based Emotion Regulation Training (MBERT) for the treatment of depressive rumination in 42 subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) in a cross-over designed randomized controlled trial. Using psychometric measures, subjective ratings and fNIRS, we analyzed in situ changes in depressive symptom severity, ruminative thoughts and cortical activity in the Cognitive Control Network (CCN). Our results show that MBERT is effective in treating depressive symptoms and rumination. On a neural level, we found consistently higher cortical activation during emotion regulation training compared to control trials in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Furthermore, cortical oxygenation decreased from session to session in the bilateral DLPFC. The relevance of the results for the psychotherapeutic treatment of MDD as well as further necessary investigations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Laicher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Isabell Int-Veen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Leonie Woloszyn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ariane Wiegand
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany; Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes Kroczek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Sippel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J Leehr
- Institute for Translational, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Glenn Lawyer
- Machine Learning Solutions, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Francesco Albasini
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Frischholz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rainald Mössner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julian Rubel
- Psychotherapy Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Osnabrueck University, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andreas Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - David Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tuebingen, Germany
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Gayman MD, Stover S, Tsukerman K, Nielsen K, Wilkin H. Physical Limitations, Health Rumination/Worry, and Depressive Symptoms: Gender Differences among African Americans. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01721-3. [PMID: 37490211 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have documented the relationships between physical health, health rumination/worry, and mental health, few investigations have assessed these linkages within African American communities. Using a community-based sample of residents in historically lower-income, African American communities (N = 306), this study assesses the mediating role of health rumination/worry in the physical limitation-depressive symptom relationship, and the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between health rumination/worry-depressive symptoms. Findings demonstrate that health rumination/worry explains half of the physical limitation-depressive symptom relationship, and the relationship between health rumination/worry and depressive symptoms is stronger for African American men than women. The findings underscore the importance of intersectional research for policy efforts aimed at reducing mental health morbidities within African American communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew D Gayman
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Sociology, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5020, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5020, USA.
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Taraku B, Zavaliangos-Petropulu A, Loureiro JR, Al-Sharif NB, Kubicki A, Joshi SH, Woods RP, Espinoza R, Narr KL, Sahib AK. White matter microstructural perturbations after total sleep deprivation in depression. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1195763. [PMID: 37457774 PMCID: PMC10345348 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1195763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Total sleep deprivation (TSD) transiently reverses depressive symptoms in a majority of patients with depression. How TSD modulates diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of white matter (WM) microstructure, which may be linked with TSD's rapid antidepressant effects, remains uncharacterized. Methods Patients with depression (N = 48, mean age = 33, 26 women) completed diffusion-weighted imaging and Hamilton Depression Rating (HDRS) and rumination scales before and after >24 h of TSD. Healthy controls (HC) (N = 53, 23 women) completed the same assessments at baseline, and after receiving TSD in a subset of HCs (N = 15). Tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) investigated voxelwise changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) across major WM pathways pre-to-post TSD in patients and HCs and between patients and HCs at baseline. Post hoc analyses tested for TSD effects for other diffusion metrics, and the relationships between change in diffusion measures with change in mood and rumination symptoms. Results Significant improvements in mood and rumination occurred in patients with depression (both p < 0.001), but not in HCs following TSD. Patients showed significant (p < 0.05, corrected) decreases in FA values in multiple WM tracts, including the body of the corpus callosum and anterior corona radiata post-TSD. Significant voxel-level changes in FA were not observed in HCs who received TSD (p > 0.05). However, differential effects of TSD between HCs and patients were found in the superior corona radiata, frontal WM and the posterior thalamic radiation (p < 0.05, corrected). A significant (p < 0.05) association between change in FA and axial diffusivity within the right superior corona radiata and improvement in rumination was found post-TSD in patients. Conclusion Total sleep deprivation leads to rapid microstructural changes in WM pathways in patients with depression that are distinct from WM changes associated with TSD observed in HCs. WM tracts including the superior corona radiata and posterior thalamic radiation could be potential biomarkers of the rapid therapeutic effects of TSD. Changes in superior corona radiata FA, in particular, may relate to improvements in maladaptive rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Taraku
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Artemis Zavaliangos-Petropulu
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joana R. Loureiro
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Noor B. Al-Sharif
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Antoni Kubicki
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shantanu H. Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Roger P. Woods
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashish K. Sahib
- Department of Neurology, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Olatunji BO, Knowles KA, Cox RC, Cole DA. Linking repetitive negative thinking and insomnia symptoms: A longitudinal trait-state model. J Anxiety Disord 2023; 97:102732. [PMID: 37302163 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is highly debilitating, and an abundance of research suggests that repetitive negative thinking (i.e., rumination, worry) may contribute to the development and maintenance of maladaptive sleep patterns, such as insomnia symptoms. Although repetitive negative thinking is often conceptualized as a 'trait' risk factor for anxiety-related disorders, it is unclear if it consists of time-varying (TV) or state-like features versus time-invariant (TI) or trait-like characteristics. Furthermore, it is unclear if it is the TV or TI components of repetitive negative thinking that contribute to insomnia symptoms that is commonly observed in anxiety-related disorders. In a 6-wave, 5-month longitudinal study, community participants (N = 1219) completed measures of rumination, worry, transdiagnostic repetitive negative thinking, and insomnia symptoms. A latent variable (trait-state-occasion) model was applied to the measures of repetitive negative thinking. The results showed that although estimates of TI factor variance and TV factor variance were both significant for latent repetitive negative thinking, worry, and rumination, the proportion of TI factor variance (0.82-0.89) was greater than the amount of TV factor variance (0.11-0.19). Although TV factor stability was statistically significant for latent repetitive negative thinking, rumination, and worry, the magnitude of the coefficients was small. Furthermore, regression weights for the latent repetitive negative thinking, rumination, and worry TI factor were significant and larger than those for the TV factor in predicting insomnia symptoms at each of the six time points. These findings suggest that repetitive negative thinking is largely TI, and it is this TI component that contributes to insomnia symptoms. Implications for conceptualizations of repetitive negative thinking as a predisposing and perpetuating factor in insomnia for anxiety and related disorders are discussed.
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10
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Wang L, Zou H, Liu J. Mediating effects of ageism and knowledge on the relationship between contact with older adults and attitudes toward older adults' sexuality among nursing students. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2023; 122:105740. [PMID: 36724590 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals often ignore sexuality in aging and avoid discussing related topics, especially in China. Nursing students, as future professionals, can address the sexuality of older adults encountered in clinical practice by establishing positive attitudes toward aging sexuality. Previous studies have demonstrated that contact has positive impacts on nursing students' attitudes toward aging sexuality. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying this relationship between contact and attitudes. OBJECTIVES To explore the mediating effects of ageism and knowledge on the relationship between contact and nursing students' attitudes toward aging sexuality. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. SETTINGS The study was conducted at a nursing school in Hefei city, China. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS 614 nursing students completed online-administered questionnaires measuring the level of contact with older adults, ageism, knowledge, and attitudes toward aging sexuality. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. RESULTS The mean scores for knowledge and attitudes toward aging sexuality were 85.70 (SD = 16.39) and 104.91 (SD = 14.88), respectively. Overall, our findings confirmed that these hypotheses were accepted. Ageism (β = -0.079, P = 0.007) and knowledge (β = -0.070, P < 0.001) mediated the relationship between contact and attitude. CONCLUSION Given the mediating role of ageism and knowledge in the relationship between contact and attitude, reducing ageism and enhancing knowledge are vital to changing students' attitudes, including integrating ageism and aging sexuality knowledge learning into the nursing curriculum and creating opportunities for contact with older adults. The frequency and quality of contact between nursing students and older adults can be improved by rationalizing the internship duration, tasks, and assessment objectives of placements on geriatric wards and by the role of clinical faculty role models in cultivating positive attitudes toward aging sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Haiou Zou
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nursing, Beijing An Ding Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
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Chang X, Guo C, Zhou H, Liu L. Impact of rumination on sleep quality among patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease: a moderated mediation model of anxiety symptoms and resilience. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:84. [PMID: 36732707 PMCID: PMC9893673 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleep raises the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hastens disease progression. It is critical to figure out what factors impact the sleep quality of NAFLD patients. The present study aimed to investigate the role of anxiety symptoms in accounting for the impact of rumination on sleep quality and the moderating role of resilience on the associations of rumination with anxiety symptoms and sleep quality. METHODS In the cross-sectional study, 285 NAFLD patients completed the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Ruminative Responses Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, and the 14-item Resilience Scale to measure sleep quality, rumination (including brooding and reflection), anxiety symptoms, and resilience, respectively. The PROCESS macro for SPSS v4.0 procedure was applied to perform moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS The roles of anxiety symptoms in accounting for the positive associations of brooding, reflection and rumination with poor sleep quality were revealed. It was found that there was a significant moderating role of resilience on the positive associations of brooding, reflection and rumination with anxiety symptoms, which were gradually reduced as resilience increased. The direct associations between brooding, reflection and rumination and poor sleep quality were not significantly moderated by resilience. Thus, a moderated mediation model involving anxiety symptoms and resilience for explaining the impact of rumination on poor sleep quality was supported among patients with NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS Rumination (including brooding and reflection) could be positively related to poor sleep quality, and anxiety symptoms had a significant role in accounting for the relationship among patients with NAFLD. Resilience showed a moderating role that could attenuate the positive association between rumination and anxiety symptoms. Interventions aimed at alleviating rumination, reducing anxiety symptoms, and enhancing resilience could improve the sleep quality of NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Chang
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Outpatient Service By Famous Specialists, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenxi Guo
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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12
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Zhang P, Liu XL, Li X, Yang JH, Zhang RM. Association Between the Fatigue and Sleep Quality of Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Mediating Role of Rumination. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:23-28. [PMID: 35926188 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sleep disorders persist in renal transplant patients. Previous studies have showed that fatigue and rumination are an important determinant of sleep quality. However, very few studies have explored the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between fatigue and sleep quality in kidney transplant recipients. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was implemented, and 192 kidney transplant patients completed the short questionnaire about their recent experiences of fatigue, rumination, and sleep quality. The prevalence of sleep disorders among kidney transplant recipients was 19.3%. With rumination as a partial mediator, fatigue indirectly affected the patients' sleep quality. This indirect effect was 0.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.154-0.419). Our results indicate that the incidence of sleep disorders after renal transplantation was high, and the more tired kidney transplant recipients become, the more likely they are to ruminate, which leads to a decline in sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Transplantation, Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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13
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Otto MW, Lubin RE, Rosenfield D, Taylor DJ, Birk JL, Espie CA, Shechter A, Edmondson D, Shepherd JM, Zvolensky MJ. The association between race- and ethnicity-related stressors and sleep: the role of rumination and anxiety sensitivity. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac117. [PMID: 35639820 PMCID: PMC9548665 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the association between psychosocial factors and self-reported sleep duration and two indices of sleep quality in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of adults. We investigated the relations between both rumination and anxiety sensitivity with these self-reported sleep outcomes. We also examined rumination and anxiety sensitivity as moderators of three race- and ethnicity-related stressors: discrimination, acculturative stress, and socioeconomic status. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, we assessed 1326 adults (ages 18-48 years) selected for self-reported racial and ethnic minority status. Regression analyses were used to examine the associations between demographic, social/environmental stressors, depression severity, rumination, and anxiety sensitivity and three sleep outcomes: sleep duration, sleep quality subscale, and global sleep quality. RESULTS Our findings supported the hypothesized role of rumination as an amplification factor for the influence of race- and ethnicity-related stressors on sleep duration and quality. Rumination was associated with all three sleep outcomes (sleep duration, sleep quality subscale, and global sleep quality) and was a moderator of the associations between discrimination and all 3 sleep outcomes. Anxiety sensitivity was not consistently associated with these sleep outcomes. Depression symptoms did not account for these findings. CONCLUSIONS If confirmed in longitudinal study, our findings introduce a potentially important treatment target-rumination-for addressing sleep disparities in prevention or intervention models. Rumination appears to amplify the negative sleep consequences of race- and ethnicity-related stressors and is a modifiable treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Otto
- Corresponding author. Michael W. Otto, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900E Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA, 02215. E-mail:
| | - Rebecca E Lubin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Rosenfield
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Birk
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Colin A Espie
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ari Shechter
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Sleep Center of Excellence, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald Edmondson
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX,USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX,USA
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14
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Ye J, Jia X, Zhang J, Guo K. Effect of physical exercise on sleep quality of college students: Chain intermediary effect of mindfulness and ruminative thinking. Front Psychol 2022; 13:987537. [PMID: 36262438 PMCID: PMC9575948 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.987537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Physical Exercise Rating Scale, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Ruminative Thinking Scale (RRS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) are used to conduct the questionnaire among a sample of 1,006 college students (average age = 19.95 years, SD = 1.86 years) to figure out whether there is any correlation between physical exercise and sleep quality in college students as well as how the mechanism of mindfulness and ruminative thinking plays a role in them. For data analysis, the Harman single-factor test was used; for the common method deviation test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and the mediating effect tested by using the bootstrap method were carried out. Results: (1) Overall, 34% (PSQI ≥ 8) of college students' sleep quality is poor. (2) The PSQI is positively correlated with ruminative thinking, while both are negatively correlated with the level of physical exercise and mindfulness; the level of physical exercise is positively correlated with the level of mindfulness. (3) Physical exercise can significantly negatively predict sleep quality (β = -0.08, P < 0.05), significantly positively predict mindfulness (β = 0.12, P < 0.001), and significantly negatively predict ruminative thinking (β = -0.07, P < 0.05). When participate in physical exercise, mindfulness, and ruminative thinking enter the regression equation at the same time, only mindfulness and ruminative thinking can predict sleep quality(β = -0.15, P < 0.001) significantly negatively predicted sleep quality and ruminative thinking (β = 0.22, P < 0.001) significantly positively predicted sleep quality, while physical exercise (β = -0.04, P > 0.05) had no significant predictive effect on sleep quality. (4) After controlling for age and gender, physical exercise appears to have an impact on sleep quality of college students through the independent intermediary role of mindfulness and ruminative thinking and the chain intermediary role of mindfulness and ruminative thinking, with a total mediating effect value of -0.007. This study reveals the relationship between physical exercise and sleep quality, as well as its mechanism, thus guiding college students to actively participate in physical exercise. It also provides corresponding suggestions to improve sleep quality as well as physical and mental health in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- College of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- College of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Sports Department, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Kelei Guo
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China,*Correspondence: Kelei Guo,
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15
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Maher JP, Batts M, Rebar AL, Mead MP, Zaplatosch ME, Hevel DJ, Adams WM, McGuirt JT. Bidirectional Relations Between Daily Stress and Sleep Among Black Emerging Adults. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:1089-1100. [DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Black adults experience higher levels of stress and more dysfunctional sleep patterns compared to their White peers, both of which may contribute to racial disparities in chronic health conditions. Dysfunctional sleep patterns are also more likely in emerging adults compared to other age groups. Daily stress–sleep relations in Black emerging adults are understudied.
Purpose
This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and wrist-worn actigraphy to examine bidirectional associations between daily stress and sleep among Black emerging adults.
Methods
Black college freshmen (N = 50) completed an EMA protocol (i.e., five EMA prompts/day) and wore an accelerometer for 7 days. The first EMA prompt of each day assessed sleep duration and quality. All EMA prompts assessed stress. Wrist-worn actigraphy assessed nocturnal sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, and waking after sleep onset.
Results
At the within-person level, stress experienced on a given day was not associated with any sleep metrics that night (p > .05). On evenings when actigraphy-based sleep duration was shorter (B = −0.02, p = .01) and self-reported sleep quality was poorer (B = −0.12, p = .02) than usual, stress was greater the following day. At the between-person level, negative bidirectional relations existed between stress and actigraphy-based waking after sleep onset (stress predicting sleep: B = −0.35, p = .02; sleep predicting stress: B = −0.27, p = .04).
Conclusions
Among Black emerging adults, associations between daily sleep and stress vary at the between- and within-person level and are dependent upon the sleep metric assessed. Future research should compare these relations across different measures of stress and different racial/ethnic groups to better understand health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn P Maher
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC , USA
| | - Marcus Batts
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC , USA
| | - Amanda L Rebar
- School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton, Queensland , Australia
| | - Michael P Mead
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Mitchell E Zaplatosch
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC , USA
| | - Derek J Hevel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC , USA
| | - William M Adams
- Division of Sports Medicine, United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee , Colorado Springs, CO , USA
| | - Jared T McGuirt
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC , USA
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16
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Bian XH, Hou XL, Zuo ZH, Quan H, Ju K, Wu W, Xi JZ. Depression and sleep quality among Chinese college students: The roles of rumination and self-compassion. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Chan SHW, Lui D, Chan H, Sum K, Cheung A, Yip H, Yu CH. Effects of mindfulness-based intervention programs on sleep among people with common mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:636-650. [PMID: 35582336 PMCID: PMC9048455 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i4.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problems are particularly prevalent in people with depression or anxiety disorder. Although mindfulness has been suggested as an important component in alleviating insomnia, no comprehensive review and meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effects of different mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) programs on sleep among people with depression or anxiety disorder. AIM To compare the effects of different MBI programs on sleep among people with depression or anxiety disorder. METHODS Related publications in Embase, Medline, PubMed and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2020 for randomised controlled trials. Data were synthesized using a random-effects or a fixed-effects model to analyse the effects of various MBI programs on sleep problems among people with depression or anxiety disorder. The fixed-effects model was used when heterogeneity was negligible, and the random-effects model was used when heterogeneity was significant to calculate the standardised mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We identified 397 articles, of which 10 randomised controlled trials, involving a total of 541 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. Studies of internet mindfulness meditation intervention (IMMI), mindfulness meditation (MM), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based touch therapy (MBTT) met the inclusion criteria. The greatest effect sizes are reported in favour of MBTT, with SMDs of -1.138 (95%CI: -1.937 to -0.340; P = 0.005), followed by -1.003 (95%CI: -1.645 to -0.360; P = 0.002) for MBCT. SMDs of -0.618 (95%CI: -0.980 to -0.257; P = 0.001) and -0.551 (95%CI: -0.842 to -0.260; P < 0.0001) were reported for IMMI and MBSR in the pooling trials, respectively. Significant effects on sleep problem improvement are shown in all reviewed MBI programs, except MM, for which the effect size was shown to be non-significant. CONCLUSION All MBI programs (MBTT, MBCT, IMMI and MBSR), except MM, are effective options to improve sleep problems among people with depression or anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ho-Wan Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danielle Lui
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hazel Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelly Sum
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ava Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hayley Yip
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chong Ho Yu
- School of Behavioral and Applied Science, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, United States
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18
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Faccini J, Joshi V, Graziani P, Del-Monte J. Non-Constructive Ruminations, Insomnia and Nightmares: Trio of Vulnerabilities to Suicide Risk. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:433-441. [PMID: 35321356 PMCID: PMC8935486 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s339567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nightmare distress, nightmare frequency and anxiety are related to suicidal risk. Ruminations are a factor maximizing the risk of suicide. Research has identified two types of ruminations: constructive ruminations and non-constructive ruminations. As per our knowledge, no study has verified the links between non-constructive ruminations and sleep disorders and their role in the development of suicidal risk. We aimed to highlight the impact of non-constructive ruminations on nightmares, anxiety and insomnia in the development of suicidal risk. METHODS A total of 429 French participants responded to an anonymous online survey using the Qualtrics® software. To assess variables, we used the Mini Cambridge-Exeter Repetitive Thought Scale, the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Sleep Condition Indicator. Nightmare frequency was assessed by subjective evaluation through a question. We tested the possible effects of confounding variables such as age, gender, marital status and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II). RESULTS Nightmare frequency was found to mediate the link between anxiety and suicidal risk (32.9%). Nightmare distress (37%) and non-constructive thoughts (48%) were also seen to mediate this link. Additionally, we found a moderating effect of insomnia on the link between non-constructive ruminations and suicidal risk (Z = 7.42, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results showed that the frequency of nightmares, distress and non-constructive ruminations are closely related to suicidal risk. The interoperability between these elements and insomnia has thus been newly explored. The processes related to nightmares and suicidal risk as well as the underlying cognitive processes between sleep disorders and suicidal risk have been shed light upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Faccini
- University of Nîmes, LSP Laboratory, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Vrutti Joshi
- University of Nîmes, LSP Laboratory, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Pierluigi Graziani
- University of Nîmes, LSP Laboratory, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jonathan Del-Monte
- University of Nîmes, LSP Laboratory, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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19
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Benham G. Bedtime repetitive negative thinking moderates the relationship between psychological stress and insomnia. Stress Health 2021; 37:949-961. [PMID: 33904245 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that psychological stress is associated with insomnia, but there is limited research on vulnerabilities that might amplify this association, particularly in college students. Based on a sample of 507 undergraduates, the current study demonstrates that the observed positive correlation between self-perceived stress and insomnia severity is moderated by the tendency to engage in repetitive negative thinking (RNT) at bedtime. Additionally, separate analyses of those who scored below/above the threshold for insomnia (non-insomniacs vs. insomniacs) revealed that the interaction between stress and these negative bedtime cognitions differed qualitatively between the two groups. In insomniacs, the stress-insomnia relationship was dampened for those with lower levels of bedtime RNT, but amplified for those with higher levels. For non-insomniacs, the stress-insomnia relationship was stronger for those with minimal bedtime RNT, while higher levels of bedtime RNT appeared to overshadow this association. To develop a better understanding of the contribution of stress and RNT to clinically relevant levels of insomnia, future studies should take into account the dissimilar patterns of moderation seen in non-insomniacs and insomniacs, either through prospective screening or separate analyses. Findings from the current study suggest that insomnia treatments that can simultaneously reduce stress and address bedtime RNT may be optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Benham
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
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20
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Jernslett M, Thackeray L, Orchard F, Midgley N. The experience of sleep problems for adolescents with depression in short-term psychological therapy. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 26:938-953. [PMID: 33827392 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211006157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of literature demonstrates a strong relationship between sleep disturbances and depression in adolescence. In spite of this, few studies have explored how adolescents with depression experience sleep problems. The present study aimed to qualitatively explore the experience of sleep problems in adolescents with depression, including their understanding of how a psychological therapy impacted on these sleep difficulties. The sample included 12 adolescents with sleep disturbances who had been offered treatment for depression through a large, multi-centre, randomised controlled trial. Semi-structured interviews conducted after treatment and 1-year post treatment were analysed using thematic analysis. Two main themes were identified. Both themes demonstrated how an overarching desire to escape impacted the adolescents' sleep in distinct ways; 'thinking about the 'bad stuff'' was characterised by ruminative thinking, which prevented sleep, whereas 'sleep as an escape' indicated a desire to sleep excessively due to feelings of helplessness. Overall, the findings demonstrate a nuanced relationship between sleep and depression in adolescence, and imply that the underlying meaning of the sleep difficulties for each young person should be considered in the delivery of therapy for adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jernslett
- Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, UK.,Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Lisa Thackeray
- Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, UK.,Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | | | - Nick Midgley
- Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, UK.,Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
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21
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Kor PPK, Liu JYW, Chien WT. Effects of a Modified Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Family Caregivers of People With Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 61:977-990. [PMID: 32886746 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Family caregivers of people with dementia (PWD) experience high levels of stress resulting from caregiving. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a modified of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for dementia caregiving. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 113 family caregivers of PWD were randomized to either the intervention group, receiving the 7-session modified MBCT for a period of 10 weeks with telephone follow-up or the control group, receiving the brief education on dementia care and usual care. The caregiving stress (primary outcome) and various psychological outcomes of caregivers and the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in the care recipients were assessed and compared at baseline (T0), postintervention (T1), and at the 6-month follow-up (T2). RESULTS At both T1 and T2, the intervention group had a statistically greater improvement in stress (p = .02 and .03), depression (p = .001 and .04), anxiety (p = .007 and .03), and BPSD-related caregivers' distress (p = .003 and p = .04). A significant greater improvement was also demonstrated in mental health-related quality of life at T2 (p = .001) and BPSD of the care recipients at T1 (p = .04). The increased caregivers' level of mindfulness was significantly correlated with the improvement of various psychological outcomes at T1 and T2 with a correlation coefficient -0.64 to 0.43. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The modified MBCT enhanced the level of mindfulness in the caregivers and was effective to reduce the caregivers' stress and promote their psychological well-being during a 6-month follow-up. Future research is recommended to further examine its effects on the varieties of psychological and behavioral outcomes of both caregivers and care recipients and their dyadic relationships, as well as explore its mechanism of action in facilitating dementia caregiving. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03354819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Pui Kin Kor
- The Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Justina Y W Liu
- The Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Tong Chien
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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22
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Sleep heterogeneity in the third trimester of pregnancy: Correlations with depression, memory impairment, and fatigue. Psychiatry Res 2021; 303:114075. [PMID: 34198213 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify sleep subtypes during pregnancy using a person-centered method, explore the underlying factors of these subtypes, and investigate the associations of these subtypes with depression, memory impairment, and fatigue. Accordingly, self-report measures were administered to 1,825 pregnant women to assess demographics, prenatal factors, childhood trauma, personality traits, sleep problems, depression, memory impairment, and fatigue. Data were analyzed using latent class analysis, chi-squared tests, analysis of variance, multinomial logistical regression, and multivariate linear regression analyses. The profiles of "good sleep quality," "poor sleep efficiency," "daily disturbances," and "poor sleep quality" were identified. The results also revealed several factors underlying these subtypes that affect sleep quality: rumination, perinatal complications, high neuroticism, low resilience, history of abortion, and postgraduate education. Further, the "daily disturbances" and the "poor sleep quality" groups reported higher depression, memory impairment, and fatigue than the "good sleep quality" group. Thus, this study elucidated the heterogeneity of sleep subtypes during pregnancy in the Chinese population. Such findings may promote the development of tailored interventions for specific sleep subtypes in pregnant women.
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23
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Kovács LN, Kocsel N, Galambos A, Magi A, Demetrovics Z, Kökönyei G. Validating the bifactor structure of the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire-A psychometric study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254986. [PMID: 34310621 PMCID: PMC8312922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) is a self-report measure that aims to capture rumination globally, unbiased by depressive symptoms. We explored its psychometric properties among university students (N = 1123), as the existing models about the factor structure of the RTSQ have been inconclusive. In a second study (N = 320) we tested its convergent validity compared to the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) and its construct validity compared to the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS). The results of Study 1 suggest that the factor structure of the RTSQ is best described with a 19-item bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM), where most of the variance is explained by the general factor. The model was found to be invariant across genders. The correlations in Study 2 demonstrated that the RTSQ is congruent with the RRS, and that rumination captured by the RTSQ is rather maladaptive, as it was more strongly associated with the brooding subscale of the RRS than with reflective pondering. Significant positive associations were found with depressive symptoms, reaffirming the validity of the RTSQ due to the well-known association between rumination and depressive symptoms. Our results support that RTSQ assesses rumination globally, and it is a valid measure of ruminative thinking style that is rather negatively valenced but does not solely focus on depressive mood and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Nóra Kovács
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Natália Kocsel
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Galambos
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Magi
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kökönyei
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Cao Q, Zhao H, Yao J, Liang Y. Anxiety and sleep quality in Chinese persons with a substance use disorder: A moderated mediation model of rumination and mindfulness. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Philbrook LE, Macdonald-Gagnon GE. Bidirectional Relations Between Sleep and Emotional Distress in College Students: Loneliness as a Moderator. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2021; 182:361-373. [PMID: 33952050 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2021.1913982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mental health symptoms are of increasing concern among college students in the United States and are often associated with insufficient sleep. However, the predictive relations between sleep and mental health are not well understood. The present study examined the daily, bidirectional associations between multiple sleep variables (subjective rating of morning restedness, objective measurement of nighttime sleep minutes) and college students' feelings of emotional distress. Self-reported loneliness was assessed as a moderator of these bidirectional relations. Participants were 101 undergraduate students (80% women) attending a liberal arts college in the northeastern United States. Students wore an actigraph to monitor nighttime sleep minutes across four weeknights (Monday-Thursday). They self-reported loneliness on the first day of the study and completed daily electronic assessments regarding restedness and emotional distress (worry, stress) each day for the remainder of the week. Multilevel modeling analyses demonstrated that greater restedness was predictive of less worry and stress that day. Further, the associations between better sleep (more rested, more nighttime sleep minutes) and less distress were stronger for less lonely students. In contrast, none of the distress indices were directly predictive of next-day restedness or nighttime sleep minutes, though one significant interaction demonstrated that the association between less worry and feeling more rested the next day was stronger for students who reported low compared to high loneliness. Together, the results point to sleep as a stronger influence on emotional distress than the reverse pathway and may suggest that social connection facilitates the positive influence of good sleep on student mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Philbrook
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
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26
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Sasser J, Lecarie EK, Park H, Doane LD. Daily Family Connection and Objective Sleep in Latinx Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Familism Values and Family Communication. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:506-520. [PMID: 33025287 PMCID: PMC8015420 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spending time with family ("family connection") is a salient aspect of adolescents' daily lives linked with healthy sleep. Less is known regarding the unique effects of parent and sibling connection on sleep. This study examined daily and average associations between parent/sibling connection and objective sleep (duration, efficiency) in a sample of Latinx adolescents (N = 195; Mage = 18.11, SD = 0.41; 65.6% female) and explored familism values and family communication as moderators. Adolescents slept longer on days that they spent more time with siblings, and youth who typically spent more time with parents had longer sleep durations. Family communication and familism-obligation moderated associations between family connection and sleep. These results provide support for the role of family interactions in promoting healthy sleep among Latinx adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeri Sasser
- Adolescent Stress and Emotion Lab, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA.
| | - Emma K Lecarie
- Adolescent Stress and Emotion Lab, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
| | - HyeJung Park
- Adolescent Stress and Emotion Lab, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
| | - Leah D Doane
- Adolescent Stress and Emotion Lab, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Arizona State University, Department of Psychology, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
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27
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Tutek J, Gunn HE, Lichstein KL. Worry and Rumination Have Distinct Associations with Nighttime versus Daytime Sleep Symptomology. Behav Sleep Med 2021; 19:192-207. [PMID: 32036690 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1725012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess whether worry and rumination differ in predicting nighttime sleep disturbance versus daytime sleep-related impairment, as assessed using short forms from the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). Participants: Adults recruited from the United States population (N = 459) via an online crowdsourcing service. Methods: Factor analysis explored whether items comprising validated measures of worry and rumination loaded onto separate factors. Hierarchical multiple regression models entered worry and rumination in a stepwise fashion to assess their relative strength in predicting PROMIS sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment, after controlling for 17 covariates. All analyses were run twice using sleep-specific and general measures of worry and rumination. Results: Worry and rumination items loaded onto separate factors. In the regression analysis of sleep-specific cognition, only worry entered the model predicting sleep disturbance, whereas rumination entered after worry in the model predicting sleep-related impairment. In the analysis of general cognition, both cognitive process variables significantly predicted the PROMIS outcomes. Worry was the stronger predictor of sleep disturbance, whereas rumination was the stronger predictor of sleep-related impairment. Conclusions: Worry and rumination were observed to be distinct constructs that separately contributed to predicting daytime sleep-related impairment. Future studies should more closely examine how cognitive processes relate to insomnia symptomology during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Tutek
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Heather E Gunn
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, Alabama
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28
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Rumination mediates the relationship between personality organization and symptoms of borderline personality disorder and depression. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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29
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Xiao S, Liu S, Zhang P, Yu J, A H, Wu H, Zhang F, Xiao Y, Ma N, Zhang X, Ma X, Li J, Wang X, Shao X, Liu W, Zhang X, Wu W, Wang L, Wu R, He Y, Xu Z, Chi L, Du S, Zhang B. The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Insomnia in College Students in Qinghai Province: The Mediating Effect of Rumination. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:751411. [PMID: 34744840 PMCID: PMC8563788 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.751411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the mediating effect of rumination on the associations between depressive symptoms and insomnia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Ruminant Response Scale (RRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were determined in 12,178 college students in Qinghai province by a questionnaire network platform. Results: The prevalence of insomnia was 38.6% in the participants. Insomnia symptoms [interquartile range: 6 (3, 9)], depressive symptoms [interquartile range: 5 (1, 9)], and rumination [interquartile range: 22 (20, 26)] were positively correlated (r = 0.25-0.46, p < 0.01). Mediation effect analysis showed that the depressive symptoms affected insomnia directly and indirectly. The direct effect and the indirect effect through rumination account for 92.4 and 7.6% of the total effect, respectively. Conclusion: The study shows that insomnia, depressive symptoms, and rumination are related constructs in college students in Qinghai province. It demonstrates the direct effects and the rumination-mediated indirect effects between depressive symptoms and insomnia; the direct effects seem to be dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Puxiao Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jia Yu
- The Third People's Hospital of Panzhihua, Panzhihua, China
| | - Huaihong A
- The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Hui Wu
- The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Fabin Zhang
- Department of Student Affairs, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yulan Xiao
- Office of the President, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China
| | - Naiben Ma
- Department of Student Affairs, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Department of Student Affairs, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China.,Mental Health Education Center, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ma
- Mental Health Education Center, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- School of Economics and Trade, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, China.,School of Economics and Management, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China
| | - Xiaodun Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,School of Civil and Traffic Engineering, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, China
| | - Xin Shao
- School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Rihan Wu
- The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Yinglian He
- The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Zeyu Xu
- Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luhao Chi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixu Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Bélanger JJ, Raafat KA, Nisa CF, Schumpe BM. Passion for an activity: a new predictor of sleep quality. Sleep 2020; 43:5849343. [PMID: 32474581 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The present research examines the relationship between people's frequent involvement in an activity they like and find important (i.e., a passion) and the quality of their sleep. Research on the dualistic model of passion has widely documented the relationship between individuals' type of passion-harmonious versus obsessive-and the quality of their mental and physical health. However, research has yet to examine the relationship between passion and sleep quality. Building on prior research has shown that obsessive (vs harmonious) passion is related to depressive mood symptoms-an important factor associated with sleep problems-we hypothesized that obsessive passion would be associated with overall worse sleep quality, whereas harmonious passion would predict better sleep quality. METHODS A sample of 1,506 Americans filled out an online questionnaire on sleep habits and passion. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Hierarchical linear regressions and mediation analyses were carried out with results confirming our hypotheses. RESULTS Obsessive passion for an activity was associated with worse sleep quality, whereas harmonious passion was associated with better sleep quality, adjusting for demographics, the type of passionate activity and its self-reported importance, alcohol and tobacco consumption, BMI, self-reported health, and diagnosed health conditions. The relationship between both types of passion and sleep quality was mediated by depressive mood symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents evidence of a strong relationship between sleep quality and passion, opening the door for future research to create new interventions to improve people's sleep and, consequently, their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn J Bélanger
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karima A Raafat
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Claudia F Nisa
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Birga M Schumpe
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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31
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Neural correlates of mindful emotion regulation in high and low ruminators. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15617. [PMID: 32973143 PMCID: PMC7518445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive rumination is considered a prominent risk factor for the occurrence, severity, and duration of depressive episodes. A variety of treatment options have been developed to treat depressive rumination of which mindfulness based programs are especially promising. In the current study, we investigated the neural underpinnings of a short mindfulness intervention and mindful emotion regulation in high and low trait ruminators in an ecologically valid environment using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Participants were randomly assigned to a mindfulness instruction (MT) group or an instructed thinking (IT) group. Participants in the MT group were trained to either focus their attention mindfully on their breath or their emotions, while the IT group focused their attention on the past or future. Afterwards, all participants underwent an emotion regulation paradigm in which they either watched negative or neutral movie clips. During both paradigms cortical hemodynamic changes were assessed by means of fNIRS. Participants in the MT group showed lower activity in the cognitive control network (CCN) during the focus on breath condition in comparison to the focus on emotion condition. Additionally, oxygenated hemoglobin in the MT group tended to be lower than in the IT group. Further, self-reports of emotional distress during the instruction paradigm were reduced in the MT group. During the emotion regulation paradigm, we observed reduced emotional reactivity in terms of emotional distress and avoidance in the MT group in comparison to the IT group. Furthermore, on a neural level, we observed higher CCN activity in the MT group in comparison to the IT group. We did not find any effect of rumination, neither on the intervention nor on the emotion regulation task. The results of this pilot study are discussed in light of the present literature on the neural correlates of mindfulness based interventions in rumination and emphasize the use of fNIRS to track neural changes in situ over the course of therapy.
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32
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Du C, Zan MCH, Cho MJ, Fenton JI, Hsiao PY, Hsiao R, Keaver L, Lai CC, Lee H, Ludy MJ, Shen W, Swee WCS, Thrivikraman J, Tseng KW, Tseng WC, Tucker RM. Increased Resilience Weakens the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Anxiety on Sleep Quality: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Higher Education Students from 7 Countries. Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:334-353. [PMID: 33089208 PMCID: PMC7573806 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of perceived stress and anxiety among university students are a global concern and are known to negatively influence sleep. However, few studies have explored how stress response styles, like psychological resilience and rumination, might alter these relationships. Using validated tools, perceived stress, anxiety, stress response styles, and sleep behaviors of undergraduate and graduate students from seven countries during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic were characterized in order to examine the relationships between these factors using mediation and moderation analyses. Students enrolled in universities in China, Ireland, Malaysia, Taiwan, South Korea, the Netherlands, and the United States were recruited in May 2020. A total of 2254 students completed this cross-sectional study. Perceived stress and anxiety were negatively associated with sleep quality through the mediation of rumination. Increased psychological resilience weakened the relationships between perceived stress and anxiety on sleep quality. The majority of students reported that COVID-19 negatively influenced their mental health and sleep quality but not sleep duration. Based on these results, university students would likely benefit from sleep education and mental health promotion programs that include trainings to increase psychological resilience and reduce rumination, particularly during times of increased stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Du
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.)
| | - Megan Chong Hueh Zan
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.C.H.Z.); (W.C.S.S.)
| | - Min Jung Cho
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.)
| | - Pao Ying Hsiao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA;
| | - Richard Hsiao
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Sport Science, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA;
| | - Laura Keaver
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Chang-Chi Lai
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-W.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - HeeSoon Lee
- Department of Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA;
| | - Mary-Jon Ludy
- Department of Public & Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; (M.-J.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Wan Shen
- Department of Public & Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; (M.-J.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Winnie Chee Siew Swee
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.C.H.Z.); (W.C.S.S.)
| | - Jyothi Thrivikraman
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-W.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Wei-Chin Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-W.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Robin M Tucker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.)
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Slavish DC, Asbee J, Veeramachaneni K, Messman BA, Scott B, Sin NL, Taylor DJ, Dietch JR. The Cycle of Daily Stress and Sleep: Sleep Measurement Matters. Ann Behav Med 2020; 55:413-423. [PMID: 32756869 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed sleep can be a cause and a consequence of elevated stress. Yet intensive longitudinal studies have revealed that sleep assessed via diaries and actigraphy is inconsistently associated with daily stress. PURPOSE We expanded this research by examining daily associations between sleep and stress using a threefold approach to assess sleep: sleep diaries, actigraphy, and ambulatory single-channel electroencephalography (EEG). METHODS Participants were 80 adults (mean age = 32.65 years, 63% female) who completed 7 days of stressor and sleep assessments. Multilevel models were used to examine bidirectional associations between occurrence and severity of daily stress with diary-, actigraphy-, and EEG-determined sleep parameters (e.g., total sleep time [TST], sleep efficiency, and sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset [WASO]). RESULTS Participants reported at least one stressor 37% of days. Days with a stressor were associated with a 14.4-min reduction in actigraphy-determined TST (β = -0.24, p = 0.030), but not with other actigraphy, diary, or EEG sleep measures. Nights with greater sleep diary-determined WASO were associated with greater next-day stressor severity (β = 0.01, p = 0.026); no other diary, actigraphy, or EEG sleep measures were associated with next-day stressor occurrence or severity. CONCLUSIONS Daily stress and sleep disturbances occurred in a bidirectional fashion, though specific results varied by sleep measurement technique and sleep parameter. Together, our results highlight that the type of sleep measurement matters for examining associations with daily stress. We urge future researchers to treat sleep diaries, actigraphy, and EEG as complementary-not redundant-sleep measurement approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica C Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Justin Asbee
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Kirti Veeramachaneni
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brett A Messman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Bella Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Nancy L Sin
- Department of Psychology, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniel J Taylor
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jessica R Dietch
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Depression prevention in digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: Is rumination a mediator? J Affect Disord 2020; 273:434-441. [PMID: 32560938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background There has been growing support for digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (dCBT-I) as a scalable intervention that both reduces insomnia and prevents depression. However, the mechanisms by which dCBT-I reduces and prevents depression is less clear. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms: dCBT-I (N=358), or online sleep education as the control condition (N=300). Outcome variables were measured at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and one-year follow-up, and included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR16), and the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ). The analyses tested change in PTQ scores as a mediator for post-treatment insomnia, post-treatment depression, and incident depression at one-year follow-up. Results Reductions in rumination (PTQ) were significantly larger in the dCBT-I condition compared to control. Results also showed that reductions in rumination significantly mediated the improvement in post-treatment insomnia severity (proportional effect = 11%) and post-treatment depression severity (proportional effect = 19%) associated with the dCBT-I condition. Finally, reductions in rumination also significantly mediated the prevention of clinically significant depression via dCBT-I (proportional effect = 42%). Limitations Depression was measured with a validated self-report instrument instead of clinical interviews. Durability of results beyond one-year follow-up should also be tested in future research. Conclusions Results provide evidence that rumination is an important mechanism in how dCBT-I reduces and prevents depression.
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35
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Askeland KG, Bøe T, Lundervold AJ, Stormark KM, Hysing M. The Association Between Symptoms of Depression and School Absence in a Population-Based Study of Late Adolescents. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1268. [PMID: 32655449 PMCID: PMC7325985 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE School attendance is an important functional marker in adolescence, and knowledge of the correlates of school absence is important to inform preventive efforts. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the association between symptoms of depression and school absence in late adolescence, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and externalizing problems. METHODS Data stem from the youth@hordaland-survey, a population-based survey of adolescents between 16 and 19 years old attending upper secondary education in Hordaland County, Norway, in spring 2012. Administrative data on school absence was provided for 8222 adolescents. In addition to days and hours absent the past semester, a variable of total absence was calculated and divided into quartiles of absence. Symptoms of mental health problems and sleep duration was based on adolescent self-reports. RESULTS Reports of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with school absence when investigated as continuous variables. The strength of the association attenuated but remained statistically significant when controlling for sociodemographic factors and externalizing problems. When investigating the association at different levels of school absence, adolescents in the second, third and fourth quartile of school absence reported significantly higher depression scores compared to adolescents in the first quartile. The association between reports of symptoms of depression and school absence was partially mediated by sleep duration. CONCLUSION The association between reported symptoms of depression and school absence was evident even at low levels of school absence, indicating a role for universal prevention strategies. The findings suggest both depression and sleep problems as possible targets for intervention in late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin G. Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astri J. Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell M. Stormark
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Kurebayashi Y. Effects of self-compassion and self-focus on sleep disturbances among psychiatric nurses. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:474-480. [PMID: 31793686 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research has demonstrated that self-compassion improved sleep in geriatric samples. However, this may be due to an uncontrolled influence from self-focus, or interaction between self-compassion and self-focus. This study examines whether these findings apply to psychiatric nurses. DESIGN AND METHODS Demographics, sleep disturbances, self-compassion, and self-focus of 404 psychiatric nurses were assessed. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to predict sleep disturbances. FINDINGS Analyzes revealed that working more night shifts, less self-compassion, and rumination predicted worse sleep quality; however, the effect of self-compassion was not significant when controlling for self-focus. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS An association between sleep quality and self-compassion was observed, but not when controlling for self-focus. Rumination may have an impact on sleep, and reducing it may improve sleep in psychiatric nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kurebayashi
- Faculty of Nursing, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
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余 佳, 刘 可, 刘 帅. [Relationship between coping style and insomnia in college students: the mediating effect of rumination]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:137-141. [PMID: 32376569 PMCID: PMC7040762 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.01.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore the mediating effect of rumination on coping style and insomnia in college students.MethodWe surveyed 767 college students from a university in Sichuan Province using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ).ResultsThe prevalence of insomnia was 36.6% in the surveyed college students. Positive coping style was negatively correlated with the total score and scores in each dimension of RRS (r=-0.127~-0.116, P < 0.001), and was negatively correlated with the total score of ISI (r=-0.159, P < 0.001). Negative coping style was positively correlated with the total score and the scores in each dimension of RRS (r=0.298-0.334, P < 0.001), and was positively correlated with the total score of ISI (r=0.264, P < 0.001). The total score and the scores in each dimension of RRS were positively correlated with the total score of ISI (r=0.251-0.281, P < 0.001). Rumination had a partial mediating effect on both positive and negative coping style and insomnia.ConclusionCoping style affects insomnia in college students not only directly but also indirectly through the mediating effect of rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- 佳 余
- 西南医科大学附属医院精神科,四川 泸州 646000Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- 攀枝花市第三人民医院,四川 攀枝花 617061Third People's Hospital of Panzhihua, Panzhihua 617061, China
| | - 可智 刘
- 西南医科大学附属医院精神科,四川 泸州 646000Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - 帅 刘
- 南方医科 大学南方医院精神心理科,广东 广州 510515Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 青海省第三人民医院,青海 西宁 810007Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining 810007, China
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Clancy F, Prestwich A, Caperon L, Tsipa A, O’Connor DB. The association between worry and rumination with sleep in non-clinical populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev 2020; 14:427-448. [DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2019.1700819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Clancy
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A. Prestwich
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - L. Caperon
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A. Tsipa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D. B. O’Connor
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Trauma Recovery in the Transgender and Gender Diverse Community: Extensions of the Minority Stress Model for Treatment Planning. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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40
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Lydon-Staley DM, Kuehner C, Zamoscik V, Huffziger S, Kirsch P, Bassett DS. Repetitive negative thinking in daily life and functional connectivity among default mode, fronto-parietal, and salience networks. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:234. [PMID: 31534117 PMCID: PMC6751201 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a maladaptive response to sadness and a transdiagnostic risk-factor. A critical challenge hampering attempts to promote more adaptive responses to sadness is that the between-person characteristics associated with the tendency for RNT remain uncharacterized. From the perspective of the impaired disengagement hypothesis, we examine between-person differences in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional networks underlying cognitive conflict signaling, self-referential thought, and cognitive flexibility, and the association between sadness and RNT in daily life. We pair functional magnetic resonance imaging with ambulatory assessments deployed 10 times per day over 4 consecutive days measuring momentary sadness and RNT from 58 participants (40 female, mean age = 36.69 years; 29 remitted from a lifetime episode of Major Depression) in a multilevel model. We show that RNT increases following sadness for participants with higher than average between-network connectivity of the default mode network and the fronto-parietal network. We also show that RNT increases following increases in sadness for participants with lower than average between-network connectivity of the fronto-parietal network and the salience network. We also find that flexibility of the salience network's pattern of connections with brain regions is protective against increases in RNT following sadness. Our findings highlight the importance of functional brain networks implicated in cognitive conflict signaling, self-referential thought, and cognitive flexibility for understanding maladaptive responses to sadness in daily life and provide support for the impaired disengagement hypothesis of RNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Lydon-Staley
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - C Kuehner
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - V Zamoscik
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Huffziger
- Research Group Longitudinal and Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute Psychiatric and Psychosomatics Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - D S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvani, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
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Diamond A, Lee C, Senften P, Lam A, Abbott D. Randomized control trial of Tools of the Mind: Marked benefits to kindergarten children and their teachers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222447. [PMID: 31527919 PMCID: PMC6748407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The kindergarten program, Tools of the Mind (Tools), has been shown to improve executive functions (as assessed by laboratory measures) and academic performance. The objective here was to see if Tools can improve executive functions in the real world (in the classroom), academic outcomes not previously investigated, reduce bullying and peer ostracism, and increase teachers’ and students’ joy in being in the classroom. This first randomized controlled trial of Tools in Canada included 351 kindergarten children (mean age 5.2 years at entry; 51% female) in 18 public schools. Stratified randomization resulted in teachers and students in both groups being closely matched. Teachers in both groups received the same number of training hours and same funds for new materials. Outcome measures were pre and post standardized academic skill assessments and teacher online survey responses. This study replicated that Tools improves reading and shows for the first time that it improves writing (far exceeding levels the school districts had seen before), self-control and attention-regulation in the real world (e.g., time on task without supervision), reduces teacher burnout and children being ostracized or excluded, and increases the joy students and teachers experience in school. By Spring, Tools teachers were still enthusiastic about teaching; control teachers were exhausted. These results were not only better than the control group but also better than Tools teachers experienced the year before Tools. Thus, children in a kindergarten curriculum that emphasized play, improving self-regulation, working together and helping one another, and hands-on learning performed better academically, showed less bullying and peer ostracism and more kindness and helping behavior than students in more traditional classes, and teacher enthusiasm for teaching soared. Tools reduced initial disparities separating children, schools, and teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Diamond
- Program in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Chris Lee
- Program in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter Senften
- Program in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrea Lam
- Program in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Abbott
- Program in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Khazaie H, Najafi F, Zakiei A, Komasi S. Partitioning the Sleep Quality and Insomnia Severity among Earthquake Victims in the West of Iran: Cluster Prediction Based on Personality and Psychological Factors. J Res Health Sci 2019; 19:e00458. [PMID: 32291357 PMCID: PMC7183562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to perform a cluster analysis on sleep quality and insomnia severity in addition to predicting the clusters based on personality traits, experiential avoidance, stress, anxiety, depression, and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted on earthquake victim in Kermanshah (western Iran) in 2017. Data collection began 15 d after the earthquake and lasted for 2 weeks. First, 1002 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and, finally, analyses were performed for 778 individuals. Data analysis was conducted using cluster analysis. Results: Based on sleep quality and insomnia severity, four clusters were formed, and a correlation existed between some personality traits, psychological distress, experiential avoidance, and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep with unhealthy clusters (P<0.05). The summary of the model showed the sufficient fit of the model (P<0.001) and that it could predict 22.8%-42.4% of the variance of unhealthy clusters. Conclusion: Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, experiential avoidance, stress, anxiety, depression, and personality traits could contribute to sleep problems and reduce sleep quality in earthquake victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Zakiei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Saeid Komasi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Li Y, Gu S, Wang Z, Li H, Xu X, Zhu H, Deng S, Ma X, Feng G, Wang F, Huang JH. Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and Sleep Quality: Rumination as a Mediator and Resilience as a Moderator. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:348. [PMID: 31191370 PMCID: PMC6545794 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between stressful life events and sleep quality and to probe the role of rumination and resilience in the relationship. Method: The Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist, Ruminative Responses Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used among 1,065 college students. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 20.0 and the SPSS macro Process, which were specifically developed for assessing complex models including both mediators and moderators, were used to analyze the data. Results: High scores of stressful life events predicted worse sleep quality. Rumination partially mediated the relations between stressful life events and sleep quality. Resilience moderated the direct and indirect paths leading from stressful life events to sleep quality. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that stressful life events can directly affect the sleep quality of college students and indirectly through rumination. Additionally, increasing psychological resilience could decrease both the direct effect and the indirect effect of stressful life events affecting sleep quality. The results of this study may contribute to a better understanding of the effects, as well as the paths and conditions, of stressful life events on sleep quality in college students. Moreover, these findings can provide constructive suggestions for improving college students' sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Simeng Gu
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhutao Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hongfan Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiayue Xu
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shiji Deng
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xianjun Ma
- Department of Encephalopathy, Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China
| | - Guangkui Feng
- Department of Encephalopathy, Lianyungang Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China
| | - Fushun Wang
- School of Psychology, Institute of Emotional Studies, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jason H. Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, United States
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Woodward E, Sachschal J, Beierl ET, Ehlers A. Night-time rumination in PTSD: development and validation of a brief measure. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1651476. [PMID: 31497260 PMCID: PMC6720014 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1651476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pre-sleep cognitive activity and arousal have long been implicated in the maintenance of insomnia. However, despite high comorbidity between insomnia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), pre-sleep thoughts in PTSD and their associations with disturbed sleep, have not yet been investigated. Objective: This study presents the development and preliminary validation of a brief self-report measure of the content of trauma-related pre-sleep thoughts: the Trauma Thoughts before Sleep Inventory (TTSI). Methods: Participants (N = 285) were recruited online into five groups: three groups with clinical symptoms, 1) PTSD; 2) depression without PTSD; 3) insomnia without depression or PTSD; and two healthy control groups 4) nontrauma-exposed controls; 5) trauma-exposed controls. The questionnaire was administered at baseline, and for a subsample (n = 157) again one week later to assess test-retest reliability. At baseline, participants also completed questionnaires of sleep quality, PTSD and depression symptoms, and insomnia-related thoughts. Results: The TTSI had good reliability and validity; it discriminated participants with PTSD from those with depression and insomnia, those with depression from insomnia, and correlated with existing measures of pre-sleep thoughts, self-reported pre-sleep arousal and poor sleep. Conclusions: The results support the utility of the TTSI for measuring thoughts that keep people with PTSD awake, although replication in an independent clinical sample is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliane Sachschal
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Esther T Beierl
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anke Ehlers
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Zhang Y, Peters A, Bradstreet J. Relationships among sleep quality, coping styles, and depressive symptoms among college nursing students: A multiple mediator model. J Prof Nurs 2017; 34:320-325. [PMID: 30055687 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms are common among college nursing students, and may be associated with each other. However, the mechanism for this association has not been well understood. PURPOSE The study is to examine the potential mediating role of coping styles in the association between sleep quality and depressive symptoms among college nursing students. METHODS 242 undergraduate nursing students at a public university in the northeast United States completed an online survey delivered through SurveyMonkey® with self-reports of sleep quality, coping styles, and depressive symptoms from October to November 2015. RESULTS Multivariate linear regression models suggested that poor sleep quality was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (β=1.00, p<0.01) in nursing students. The four coping styles (problem engagement, emotion engagement, problem disengagement, and emotion disengagement) together reduced the strength of the association between sleep quality and depressive symptoms by 41%. Specifically, emotion disengagement coping plays an important mediating role in this association. CONCLUSIONS In addition to sleep promotion, effective interventions to facilitate the development of appropriate coping strategies among nursing students are needed to enhance their mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Susan and Alan Solomont School of Nursing, 113 Wilder Street, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States.
| | - Anya Peters
- Susan and Alan Solomont School of Nursing, 113 Wilder Street, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States
| | - Joseph Bradstreet
- Susan and Alan Solomont School of Nursing, 113 Wilder Street, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States
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Jones DR, Lehman BJ, Kirsch JA, Hennessy KG. Pessimism moderates negative emotional responses to naturally occurring stress. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Ji XW, Ng SM, Chan CLW, Chan JSM, Chan CHY, Chung KF. Integrative body-mind-spirit intervention for concurrent sleep and mood disturbances: sleep-specific daytime functioning mediates sleep and mood improvements. J Sleep Res 2017; 27:56-63. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Ji
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Siu-Man Ng
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Cecilia L. W. Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Center on Behavioral Health; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Jessie S. M. Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Celia H. Y. Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
- Center on Behavioral Health; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Ka-Fai Chung
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
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48
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Bouwmans MEJ, Bos EH, Hoenders HJR, Oldehinkel AJ, de Jonge P. Sleep quality predicts positive and negative affect but not vice versa. An electronic diary study in depressed and healthy individuals. J Affect Disord 2017; 207:260-267. [PMID: 27736737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact nature of the complex relationship between sleep and affect has remained unclear. This study investigated the temporal order of change in sleep and affect in participants with and without depression. METHODS 27 depressed patients and 27 pair-matched healthy controls assessed their sleep in the morning and their affect 3 times a day for 30 consecutive days in their natural environment. Daily sleep quality and average positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) were used to examine whether changes in sleep quality preceded or followed changes in PA and NA, and whether this was different for patients and healthy controls. Second, presumptive mediating factors were investigated. We hypothesized that fatigue mediated the effect of changes in sleep quality on subsequent PA/NA, and that rumination mediated the effect of changes in PA/NA on subsequent sleep quality. RESULTS Multilevel models showed that changes in sleep quality predicted changes in PA (B=0.08, p<0.001) and NA (B=-0.06, p<0.001), but not the other way around (PA: B=0.03, p=0.70, NA: B=-0.05, p=0.60). Fatigue was found to be a significant mediator of the relationship between sleep quality and PA (Indirect Effect=0.03, p<0.001), and between sleep quality and NA (Indirect Effect=-0.02, p=0.01). Rumination was not investigated because of non-significant associations between PA/NA and sleep quality. The associations were not different for patients and controls. LIMITATIONS The analyses were restricted to self-reported sleep quality, and conclusions about causality could not be drawn. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in sleep quality predicted improvements in affect the following day, partly mediated by fatigue. Treatment of sleep symptoms would benefit affect in clinical care and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara E J Bouwmans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth H Bos
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter de Jonge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Linking Sleep Disturbance and Maladaptive Repetitive Thought: The Role of Executive Function. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-015-9713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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