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Zanni S, Cammalleri V, D'Agostino L, Protano C, Vitali M. Occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in drinking water: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34544-8. [PMID: 39103588 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present paper was to give a complete picture on the drinking water contamination by pharmaceutical residues all over the world. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out for identifying all available research reporting original data resulting by sampling campaign and analysis of "real" drinking water samples to detect pharmaceutical residues. The investigated databases were PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 124 studies were included; among these, 33 did not find target analytes (all below the limit of detection), while the remaining 91 studies reported the presence for one or more compounds, in concentrations ranging from a few units to a few tens of nanograms. The majority of the studies were performed in Europe and the most represented categories were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics. The most common analytical approach used is the preparation and analysis of the samples by solid-phase extraction and chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The main implications resulting from our review are the need for (a) further studies aimed to allow more accurate environmental, wildlife, and human health risk assessments and (b) developing integrated policies promoting less environmentally persistent drugs, the reduction of pharmaceuticals in livestock breeding, and the update of wastewater and drinking water treatment plants for a better removal of drugs and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cammalleri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Ludovica D'Agostino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.Le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy.
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Pereira AR, Simões M, Gomes IB. Parabens as environmental contaminants of aquatic systems affecting water quality and microbial dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167332. [PMID: 37758132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Among different pollutants of emerging concern, parabens have gained rising interest due to their widespread detection in water sources worldwide. This occurs because parabens are used in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and food, in which residues are generated and released into aquatic environments. The regulation of the use of parabens varies across different geographic regions, resulting in diverse concentrations observed globally. Concentrations of parabens exceeding 100 μg/L have been found in wastewater treatment plants and surface waters while drinking water (DW) sources typically exhibit concentrations below 6 μg/L. Despite their low levels, the presence of parabens in DW is a potential exposure route for humans, raising concerns for both human health and environmental microbiota. Although a few studies have reported alterations in the functions and characteristics of microbial communities following exposure to emerging contaminants, the impact of the exposure to parabens by microbial communities, particularly biofilm colonizers, remains largely understudied. This review gathers the most recent information on the occurrence of parabens in water sources, as well as their effects on human health and aquatic organisms. The interactions of parabens with microbial communities are reviewed for the first time, filling the knowledge gaps on the effects of paraben exposure on microbial ecosystems and their impact on disinfection tolerance and antimicrobial resistance, with potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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de Rezende AT, Mounteer AH. Ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in Brazilian surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122628. [PMID: 37783413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds are organic micropollutants that can cause adverse effects at low concentrations. Their occurrence in surface waters has been reported in several countries, including Brazil, at concentrations on the order of ngL-1, while the concentrations at which toxic effects are observed are often in the range of mg.L-1 to μg.L -1, however few studies have been undertaken to characterize risks they represent in Brazilian surface waters. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ecological risk to Brazilian surface waters caused by the presence of pharmaceuticals and natural and environmental estrogens. Twenty-nine pharmaceuticals, hormones and environmental estrogens were included in the risk assessment while twelve were discarded due to insufficient data availability. The endocrine disrupting compounds were the most frequently detected (39.8% of the reported concentrations), followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (16.3%), antibiotics (6.6%), antiseptics (5.1%), analgesics (5.1%), antihypertensives (4.6%), and to a lesser extent, lipid controllers, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antihistamines, antivirals and corticosteroids. Bisphenol-A was the most frequently detected compound, followed by diclofenac, 17-β-estradiol, 17-α-ethynilestradiol, naproxen, triclosan and 4-n-nonylphenol. Acute ecological risk was predicted in two thirds and chronic risk in one third of the water bodies surveyed. The presence of diclofenac or triclosan was determinant for acute risk while estrogenic hormones proved to be decisive for chronic risk. In addition to natural and synthetic endocrine disruptors, the pharmacological groups estimated to have the highest average associated risks were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, followed by anticonvulsants. No discharge limits exist for most of the compounds found to contribute to ecological risks, indicating the need for regulatory action by the proper Brazilian authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Teixeira de Rezende
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering/Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ann H Mounteer
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering/Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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De Caroli Vizioli B, Silva da Silva G, Ferreira de Medeiros J, Montagner CC. Atrazine and its degradation products in drinking water source and supply: Risk assessment for environmental and human health in Campinas, Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139289. [PMID: 37348619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is a broad-spectrum herbicide widely used worldwide to control grassy and broadleaf weeds. Atrazine's popularity is attributable to its cost-effectiveness and reliable performance. Relatedly, it is also an important micropollutant with a potential negative impact on biodiversity and human health. Atrazine has long been regularly detected in several environmental compartments, and its widespread use has resulted in ubiquitous and unpreventable contamination. Among pesticides sold in Brazil, atrazine has remained among the top-ranked active ingredients for the last several years. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of atrazine and three degradation products (hydroxyatrazine, desisopropylatrazine, and desethylatrazine) in surface water (Capivari and Atibaia rivers) and treated water, monthly sampling from two drinking water treatment plants in Campinas (São Paulo, Brazil). An analytical method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed to determine target compounds simultaneously. The method presented instrument quantification limits from 0.5 to 4.0 ng mL-1 and recovery values from 80 to 112%, with a maximum relative standard deviation of 6%. All analytes had a detection frequency of 100% from 2 to 2744 ng L-1. Statistical analysis showed no analyte removal after conventional water treatment. Also, the Capivari River showed greater analyte concentration than the Atibaia River. Performed risk assessments according to current Brazilian standards showed no human and environmental health risks. However, other risk assessment approaches may indicate potential risks, advocating for further research and ongoing surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz De Caroli Vizioli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Giulia Silva da Silva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssyca Ferreira de Medeiros
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
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Zhao ML, Chen Y, Yang GP, Chen R. Simultaneous determination of benzothiazoles, benzotriazoles, and benzotriazole UV absorbers by solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:45315-45330. [PMID: 36702982 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25503-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazoles (BTRs), benzothiazoles (BTHs), and benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers (BUVs) are common products in plastic rubber and personal care products. Due to their toxicity and bioaccumulation, they have been identified as emerging contaminants (ECs) in the environment. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used for the enrichment and detection of the contaminants in seawater and sediment, respectively. The conditions of SPE and SPME were optimized in terms of material, temperature, time, pH, ionic strength, extraction solvent, and elution solvent. Although SPME requires a small sample volume, it is not reliable for the extraction efficiency and reproducibility of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in seawater. However, the precision of SPE-GC-MS for the determination of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs was around 10%, with recoveries of 67.40-102.3% and 77.35-101.8% in seawater and sediment, respectively. The limits of detection of 14 contaminants in seawater and sediment were 0.03-0.47 ng/L and 0.01-0.58 ng/g, respectively. Secondly, BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs were detected with low ecological risk when SPE-GC-MS was applied to the analysis of seawater and sediment samples from the Yangtze estuary and its adjacent areas. The SPE-GC-MS was highly precise with lower detection limits relative to previous studies and thus was able to meet the requirements for the detection of BTHs, BTRs, and BUVs in seawater and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Institute of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Quality Control of Emerging Contaminants in Marine Aquaculture Systems by Spot Sampling-Optimized Solid Phase Extraction and Passive Sampling. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of organic pollutants such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, and especially in regions where fish farms are installed, is a matter of major importance due to their possible risks to ecosystems and public health. The necessity of their detection leads to the development of sensitive, reliable, economical and environmentally friendly analytical methods for controlling their residue in various environmental substrates. In the present work, a solid-phase extraction method was developed, optimized and validated for the analysis of 7 pesticides and 25 pharmaceuticals in seawater using LC-HR-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS. The method was then applied in seawater samples collected from an aquaculture farm located in the Ionian Sea, Greece, in order to evaluate environmental pollution levels. None of the pesticides were detected, while paracetamol was the only pharmaceutical compound that was found (at trace levels). At the same time, passive sampling was conducted as an alternative screening technique, showing the presence of contaminants that were not detected with spot sampling. Among them, irgarol was detected and as far as pharmaceuticals is concerned, trimethoprim and sulfadiazine were found; however, all positive findings were at the very low ppt levels posing no threat to the aquatic environment.
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Chaves MDJS, Barbosa SC, Primel EG. Emerging contaminants in Brazilian aquatic environment: identifying targets of potential concern based on occurrence and ecological risk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:67528-67543. [PMID: 34258704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have shown the presence of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in the Brazilian environment in recent decades, several biological effects on the aquatic ecosystem are unknown. Brazil is the fifth largest country in extension in the world, and its wide territory presents geographic regions with diverse demographic and economic characteristics. In order to identify targets of potential concern based on occurrence and ecological risk, available data from previous studies were examined to conduct environmental risk analysis and provide a ranking of CECs in Brazilian aquatic environment based on environmental concentration measured in the last 10 years. The results indicate that 17α-ethynylestradiol, 17ß-estradiol, acetaminophen, Bisphenol A, caffeine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, methylparaben, sulfamethoxazole and triclosan are the CECs that represent the greatest threats to the Brazilian environment. Therefore, these contaminants should be considered as a priority in future monitoring studies. Besides, identification of target monitoring compounds can facilitate the selection of pollutant candidates in future legislations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa de Jesus Silva Chaves
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Caldas Barbosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900, Brazil.
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Perin M, Dallegrave A, Suchecki Barnet L, Zanchetti Meneghini L, de Araújo Gomes A, Pizzolato TM. Pharmaceuticals, pesticides and metals/metalloids in Lake Guaíba in Southern Brazil: Spatial and temporal evaluation and a chemometrics approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148561. [PMID: 34175608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Compiling and reporting data related to the presence of pharmaceuticals and pesticides are crucial means of assessing the risk those chemicals pose to human health and environment. Data sets from different sources were combined using a data fusion approach to produce a spatial and temporal variation of contaminants presents in water from Lake Guaíba (29°55'-30°24' S; 51°01'-51°20' W). Lake Guaíba is a 496 km2 water body situated in the geological depression of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil; that is fed by several rivers from the metropolitan area, the 5th largest metro area in Brazil, with approximately 5 million inhabitants. Analytical methodology to quantify pharmaceuticals and pesticides by LC-QTOF-MS and GC-MS/MS was validated for 41 pharmaceutical and 62 pesticides. Furthermore, 27 chemical elements were analyzed by ICP-MS, and physical chemical parameters were determined using established methodologies. All validation parameters were in accordance with the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization, and Industrial Quality. Thirty-five water samples were analyzed from January to August 2019, and 15 pharmaceuticals and 25 pesticides were present in concentrations ranging from 6.00 ng L-1 to 580.00 ng L-1. Twenty-seven elements were analyzed during the same period, and 18 were present in concentrations ranging from 0.2 μg L-1 to 7060 μg L-1. Samples were tagged according to the points and months of collection to identify temporal and spatial patterns. The main findings show that the compounds are distributed throughout the studied area without an apparent regular pattern, suggesting that events in a specific point affect the entire ecosystem. Conversely, temporal variations were well defined, as samples were grouped according to the climatic conditions of the months of collection. Considering the calculated quotient risks, atrazine, cyproconazole, diuron, and simazine showed the highest risk levels for algae; acetaminophen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen showed the highest risk levels for aquatics invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Perin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Dallegrave
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Suchecki Barnet
- Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária - LFDA, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento do Brasil, Estrada da Ponta Grossa 3036, 91780-580 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Zanchetti Meneghini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano de Araújo Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mara Pizzolato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Liberato PA, Okumura LL, Silva AFS, Gurgel A, Aleixo H, Silva JG, de Oliveira AF. Determination of quinclorac by adsorptive stripping voltammetry in rice samples without sample pretreatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:828-837. [PMID: 34348078 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1959181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel voltammetric method with practically no sample pretreatment was developed for determination of Quinclorac (QNC) in rice samples by using a working Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE) modified with ionic liquid, with deposition potential (ED) of -1.43 V for 30 s in NaOH 0.01 mol L-1. The systematic influence of cations and anions of imidazole ionic liquids on the composition of CPE has evaluated. The best electrode composition was 65% (w/w) of graphite powder, 30% (w/w) of mineral oil and 5.0% (w/w) of C4min+BF4- ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate). The matrices analyzed were deionized water and extracts of upland rice: white, brown, peel and seed. The limits of quantification ranged between 0.954 mg kg-1 and 3.61 mg kg-1. The recovery percentages of QNC in rice samples ranged between 90% and 121%. The simplicity and good analytical frequency enable the proposed method to be used to obtain preliminary information on the presence of QNC, prior to the implementation of more detailed, costly and elaborate quantitative analyses. The technique can be applied in the study and evaluation of sorption mechanisms, metabolization of the herbicide in plants and its persistence and degradation in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila A Liberato
- Applied Electroanalytical Group, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L Okumura
- Applied Electroanalytical Group, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Astréa F S Silva
- Applied Electroanalytical Group, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Gurgel
- Applied Electroanalytical Group, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Herbert Aleixo
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Basic Sciences I, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Unaí, Brazil
| | - Júnio G Silva
- Laboratory 220, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Rathi BS, Kumar PS. Application of adsorption process for effective removal of emerging contaminants from water and wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116995. [PMID: 33789220 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants in the marine ecosystem, as well as their possible impact on live species, have become a rising cause of worry. A traditional wastewater treatment plants alone are not successful in eliminating such massive contaminant groups and therefore additional water treatment is required which is to be cost effective. Since standard primary and secondary treatment plants are unsuccessful at eliminating or degrading these harmful chemicals, a cost-effective tertiary treatment approach is proposed. Adsorption is a successful approach for Contaminants removal globally, because it is low installation expense, high performance and has easy operational design. Emerging pollutants have been removed from wastewaters using various adsorbents like activated carbons, improved bio chars, Nano adsorbents, hybrid adsorbents, and others. The purpose of this paper is to review the source of contaminants and the concept of adsorption when separating emerging contaminants. The present study aims to examine the adsorption mechanism as an effective approach for treating emerging contaminants. Then, the analysis of natural and man-made adsorbents for the separation of contaminants is examined along with its comparison. Also, future view on emerging contaminants and adsorbents in modern generation has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Senthil Rathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
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11
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Ceolin BC, Kemmerich M, Noguera MM, Camargo ER, Avila LAD. Evaluation of an alternative sorbent for passive sampling of the herbicides 2,4-D and Dicamba in the air. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:634-643. [PMID: 34082656 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1929019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the Strata-X® sorbent, commonly used in cartridges, through analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Due to the different physical-chemical characteristics of the compounds, different conditions of chromatography and mass analysis were necessary. The developed methods were validated in terms of selectivity, linear range, linearity (coefficient of determination, r2), the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy (recovery, %), and precision (RSD, %). The results allowed us to select efficient extraction methods, using methanol acidified to pH 2 with formic acid, to elute the herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba in both sorbent materials. Besides, the Strata-X® sorbent was efficient in the sorption of analytes; thus, we indicate it for potential use in air sampling as an alternative to XAD-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magali Kemmerich
- Weed Science Research Group (CEHERB), Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Machado Noguera
- Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, Brazil
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12
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Zini LB, Gutterres M. Chemical contaminants in Brazilian drinking water: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2021; 19:351-369. [PMID: 34152292 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this research are to evaluate which chemical contaminations were detected in Brazil's drinking water reported in papers published from 2012 to 2019, to propose guideline values for emerging contaminants and assess which are the priority parameters from a health risk perspective. The methodology used was a systematic review. The chemical contaminants quantified were evaluated according to Brazilian drinking-water standards, and Guideline Values were proposed for emerging pollutants using conservative endpoints from NOAEL and LOAEL available in literature. From 1351 articles evaluated, 15 reached the research goal. Seventy-seven parameters were quantified in Brazilian drinking water from underground, surface and rainwater sources. Soil composition, mining, sewage and agricultural activities were the main sources for the seven classes framed: pesticides, metals, organic, endocrine disruptors, drugs, personal care products and illicit drugs. Twenty-two parameters are listed in the current Brazilian drinking water quality standard and 54 are not. Water was not considered appropriate to drink due to cadmium, aluminum, iron, nickel, mercury, atrazine, propionaldehyde, beryllium, acetone and 17 α-ethinyl estradiol (carcinogenic). Measures to reduce chemical contamination in drinking water need to be taken such as the expansion of sewage treatment and upgrading to tertiary treatment, and controlling and reducing the application of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barros Zini
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Luiz Englert s/n°, downtown, 90040-040, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil E-mail: ; Health State Secretary of Rio Grande do Sul, Environmental Vigilance, Av. Ipiranga, 5400, 90610-000, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Mariliz Gutterres
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Luiz Englert s/n°, downtown, 90040-040, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil E-mail:
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13
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Cunha ILC, Teixeira ACSC. Degradation of pesticides present in tomato rinse water by direct photolysis and UVC/H 2O 2: optimization of process conditions through sequential Doehlert design. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24191-24205. [PMID: 33728601 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of three pesticides, azoxystrobin (AZO), difenoconazole (DFZ), and imidacloprid (IMD), commonly found in the tomato rinse water, was studied through UVC (251-257 nm) and UVC/H2O2 photolysis. The results showed that direct photolysis follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, with total AZO and IMD removals within 15 min, using 21.8 and 28.6 W m-2, respectively, while the highest percentage of DFZ degradation was 51.7% at 28.6 W m-2 UVC. The estimated quantum yields were 0.572, 0.028, and 0.061 mol Einstein-1 for AZO, DFZ, and IMD, respectively. With regard to UVC/H2O2, total pesticide removal was achieved after 10 min, while optimal treatment conditions in relation to the pesticide removal rates, estimated through the sequential Doehlert design, were about [H2O2]0 = 130 mg L-1 and 26 W m-2. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays carried out with Allium cepa, for real industrial tomato rinse water sampled from washing belts did not show abnormalities during cell division, with total pesticides degradation after 15 min, demonstrating the potential application of the UVC/H2O2 process as a viable localized treatment with a focus on the possible reuse of treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora L C Cunha
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, CEP 05508-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos S C Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, CEP 05508-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Pilli NR, Narayanasamy S, Florian J, Zusterzeel R, Patel V, Strauss DG, Matta MK. Novel simultaneous method for the determination of avobenzone and oxybenzone in human plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS with phospholipid removal pretreatment: An application to a sunscreen clinical trial. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1169:122615. [PMID: 33706185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Application of sunscreen is one of many ways to protect skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. Sunscreen products are widely used and regulated as over-the-counter drug products in the United States. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends an assessment of human systemic absorption of sunscreen active ingredients with a Maximal Usage Trial. The FDA conducted a clinical study to determine the systemic exposure of sunscreen active ingredients present in 4 commercially available sunscreen products of different formulation types under maximal usage conditions. To support this clinical study, a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of the two sunscreens avobenzone and oxybenzone in human plasma was developed. Phospholipid removal 96-well protein precipitation plates were used for sample clean-up and the extracted samples were chromatographed on an Ethylene-Bridged Hybrid (BEH) C18 column in isocratic flow using 10 mM ammonium formate in 0.1% formic acid and methanol (24:76, v/v) as a mobile phase. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used to acquire data. The method was validated as per current FDA bioanalytical method validation guidance, in the ranges 0.20-12.00 ng/mL for avobenzone and 0.40-300.00 ng/mL for oxybenzone. The validated method was used toanalyzethese active ingredients in human clinical study samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageswara R Pilli
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanasamy
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jeffry Florian
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Robbert Zusterzeel
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Vikram Patel
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - David G Strauss
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Murali K Matta
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
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15
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Martini GDA, Montagner CC, Viveiros W, Quinaglia GA, França DD, Munin NCG, Lopes-Ferreira M, Rogero SO, Rogero JR. Emerging contaminant occurrence and toxic effects on zebrafish embryos to assess the adverse effects caused by mixtures of substances in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20313-20329. [PMID: 33405144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been receiving global attention due to their worldwide presence in water bodies. The CECs could be originated from synthetic or natural sources, and they are not commonly monitored, although these substances are continuously reaching the aquatic environment. The main goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of some target CECs in São Paulo state surface water, once there is practically no information on the presence and concentration range of these substances at the studied sites. In addition, the present study aimed to assess adverse effects in the non-target fish embryo of Danio rerio (zebrafish) after exposure to surface water organic extract samples during 96 h using FET test. The CECs in surface water samples were determined by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled by mass spectrometry. A 2-year study was assessed in 7 rivers and 3 reservoirs at São Paulo state, where 25 of the 30 analyzed substances were quantified, being caffeine the substance with the highest concentration range (5.5 ng L-1 to 69 μg L-1) and detected in 95% of analyzed samples, followed by bisphenol A (6.5-1300 ng L-1) and carbendazim (4.7-285 ng L-1), found in 50% and 85% of the analyzed samples, respectively. The chemical analysis and biological test were not performed in order to show a direct relationship between concentrations and observed effects on embryos; however, the combined approach can provide a better understanding of the adverse effects caused by mixtures of substances at relevant environmental concentrations. Regarding the adverse effects, it was observed that in the samples from sites with higher anthropogenic activity in the surroundings, there was also a higher mortality rate in organisms. At the Ribeirão Pires River and Sapucaí-Guaçu River, the mortality rate during the 2-year study was 21.6% and 9.3%, respectively. The morphological abnormality rates were higher at Ribeirão Grande (21.4%) and Ribeirão Pires (29.5%) Rivers. The obtained results aim to show that even in low concentrations (ng-μg L-1) the CECs can cause adverse effects on non-target species, and because of that, new chemical indicators would be important to monitor the water quality and protect the aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela de Assis Martini
- Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Nívea Cristina Guedes Munin
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Sizue Ota Rogero
- Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Rogero
- Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Acayaba RD, de Albuquerque AF, Ribessi RL, Umbuzeiro GDA, Montagner CC. Occurrence of pesticides in waters from the largest sugar cane plantation region in the world. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:9824-9835. [PMID: 33156498 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a multi-residue method was used to analyze 13 pesticides and 1 degradation product in surface and groundwater in the region with the largest sugar cane production in the world. The potential effects of individual pesticides and their mixtures, for aquatic life and human consumption, were evaluated. For the surface water, 2-hydroxy atrazine, diuron, carbendazim, tebuthiuron, and hexazinone were the most frequently detected (100, 94, 93, 92, and 91%, respectively). Imidacloprid (2579 ng L-1), carbendazim (1114 ng L-1), ametryn (1101 ng L-1), and tebuthiuron (1080 ng L-1) were found at the highest concentrations. For groundwater, tebuthiuron was the only quantified pesticide (107 ng L-1). Ametryn, atrazine, diuron, hexazinone, carbofuran, imidacloprid, malathion, carbendazim, and their mixtures presented risk for the aquatic life. No risk was observed for the pesticides analyzed in this work, alone or in their mixtures for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Luis Ribessi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Rickert DA, Singh V, Thirukumaran M, Grandy JJ, Belinato JR, Lashgari M, Pawliszyn J. Comprehensive Analysis of Multiresidue Pesticides from Process Water Obtained from Wastewater Treatment Facilities Using Solid-Phase Microextraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15789-15799. [PMID: 33237731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel magnetic blade spray-tandem mass spectrometry (MBS-MS/MS) assay was developed and optimized, and its performance was characterized for the analysis of 204 pesticides from wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) process water. These results were compared and experimentally validated with an untargeted, high-resolution MS (HRMS) approach that employed liquid chromatography (LC)-amenable thin-film microextraction (TFME) devices to further elucidate the fate of pesticides through the WWTF process. As a result of our optimizations, we report an optimized workflow with an extraction time of 10 min, 150 μg of magnetic HLB particles, and 5 s of desorption. Excellent linearity was obtained for 168 of the 204 pesticides in deionized water, where 90% of the quantifiable pesticides had a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99 across 3 orders of magnitude and 80% had limits of quantification below 0.5 ng/mL. We subsequently applied our optimized MBS-MS/MS method for the analysis of samples collected during the various stages of wastewater treatment from two WWTFs in Southern Ontario. This article presents a new streamlined methodology with a fast turnaround time for analyzing a large panel of pesticides, ultimately providing us the opportunity to evaluate the performance of two WWTFs for their efficacy in removing these toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Rickert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Milaan Thirukumaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jonathan J Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - João Raul Belinato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Maryam Lashgari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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18
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Aguinaga Martínez MV, González N, Acebal CC, Domini CE. Coacervative microextraction with solidification of floating surfactant droplets for the determination of glibenclamide in environmental water samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Wang F, Gao J, Zhai W, Liu D, Zhou Z, Wang P. The influence of polyethylene microplastics on pesticide residue and degradation in the aquatic environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122517. [PMID: 32199204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution has become a global concern in recent years. In this work, the potential influences of polyethylene (PE) microplastics on the residue, degradation and distribution behaviors of eight pesticides (epoxiconazole, tebuconazole, myclobutanil, azoxystrobin, simazine, terbuthylazine, atrazine and metolachlor) in the aquatic environment were investigated. The results showed that the presence of 2-50 g L-1 microplastics could decrease the pesticide residues in water. The adsorption isotherms were linear, indicating the process was dominated by partitioning into the bulk polymer. The desorption kinetics data implied the desorption process obeyed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with R2 above 0.99 in most cases. Aging treatment of microplastics had no significant effects on the interaction with the pesticides. The presence of PE microplastics could significantly prolong the degradation half-lives of pesticides in water, especially for those with moderate degradation half-lives and high log Kow values. Take terbuthylazine as an example, its half-life significantly increased from 31.8 days to 45.2 days in the presence of 10 g L-1 microplastics. Besides, PE microplastics had little impact on the behavior of the pesticides in the water-sediment system. The findings of this study indicated that PE could adsorb pesticides through partitioning, thus influencing the persistence of the pesticides in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China; School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Jing Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Wangjing Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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20
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Anim AK, Thompson K, Duodu GO, Tscharke B, Birch G, Goonetilleke A, Ayoko GA, Mueller JF. Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, food additive and pesticides in surface waters from three Australian east coast estuaries (Sydney, Yarra and Brisbane). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 153:111014. [PMID: 32275560 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The detection rates of pharmaceuticals (Ps), personal care products (PCPs), current-use pesticides (CUPs) and a food additive (FA) in Brisbane River estuary (Queensland), Sydney estuary (New South Wales) and the Yarra River estuary (Melbourne, Victoria) were: Ps: 16/25, 7/25 and 12/25, respectively, CUPs; 28/53, 5/53 and 23/53, respectively, PCPs: 1/3, 0/3 and, 1/3, respectively and FA; 1/1, 1/1 and 1/1, respectively. Diuron was measured in all estuarine samples, simazine, MCPA and 2,4 D were also commonly measured. Pharmaceuticals: carbamazepine, iopromide paracetamol tramadol and venlafaxine were also commonly measured across the estuaries. Generally, analytes were prominent in Brisbane River estuary, followed by Yarra River/Sydney estuary. Inputs of Ps are likely from leakages or effluents of WWTPs; CUPs are potentially from agricultural and parklands via surface run-off in Brisbane River estuary, while for Sydney and Yarra estuaries, which have separate stormwater and sewer systems, sources are likely to be ingression and leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred K Anim
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Science and Engineering Faculty, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Kristie Thompson
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Godfred O Duodu
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Science and Engineering Faculty, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Ben Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Gavin Birch
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ashantha Goonetilleke
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Science and Engineering Faculty, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Godwin A Ayoko
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Science and Engineering Faculty, 2 George St., GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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21
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Jiménez-López J, Llorent-Martínez EJ, Ruiz-Medina A. Sensitive fluorometric determination of quinclorac residues in rice. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:983-988. [PMID: 32196433 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1740336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important foods in the world due to its high nutritional value and production. Quinclorac, a selective herbicide, is one of the most detected pesticide residues in rice crops according to pesticide monitoring studies. Common methods for the determination of quinclorac in rice are very time-consuming and labour-intensive, so it is important to develop alternative sensitive and simple analytical methods able to detect quinclorac in food samples. Here we propose a fluorometric method for the screening of this herbicide at excitation/emission wavelengths of 238/358 nm/nm, respectively. A modified QuEChERS method was selected for sample treatment due to its simplicity and high recovery yields. The proposed method presents a detection limit of 2.5 ng mL-1 and satisfactory precision. Recovery experiments were performed in different kinds of rice (white and brown) at or below the Maximum Residue Limit established in European Union (5 mg kg-1), obtaining values close to 100%. All these characteristics ensure that the proposed method fulfils the requirements for its application in food control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiménez-López
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas , Jaén, Spain
| | - E J Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas , Jaén, Spain
| | - A Ruiz-Medina
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas , Jaén, Spain
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22
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Paijens C, Bressy A, Frère B, Moilleron R. Biocide emissions from building materials during wet weather: identification of substances, mechanism of release and transfer to the aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3768-3791. [PMID: 31656996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biocides are added to or applied on building materials to prevent microorganisms from growing on their surface or to treat them. They are leached into building runoff and contribute to diffuse contamination of receiving waters. This review aimed at summarizing the current state of knowledge concerning the impact of biocides from buildings on the aquatic environment. The objectives were (i) to assess the key parameters influencing the leaching of biocides and to quantify their emission from buildings, (ii) to determine the different pathways from urban sources into receiving waters and (iii) to assess the associated environmental risk. Based on consumption data and leaching studies, a list of substances to monitor in receiving water was established. Literature review of their concentrations in the urban water cycle showed evidences of contamination and risk for aquatic life, which should put them into consideration for inclusion to European or international monitoring programs. However, some biocide concentration data in urban and receiving waters is still missing to fully assess their environmental risk, especially for isothiazolinones, iodopropynyl carbamate, zinc pyrithione and quaternary ammonium compounds, and little is known about their transformation products. Although some models supported by actual data were developed to extrapolate emissions on larger scales (watershed or city scales), they are not sufficient to prioritize the pathways of biocides from urban sources into receiving waters during both dry and wet weathers. Our review highlights the need to reduce emissions and limit their transfer into rivers and reports several solutions to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Paijens
- Leesu, UMR-MA-102, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, 6 et 8 avenue Blaise Pascal - Cité Descartes, 77455, Champs-sur-Marne Cedex 2, France
- Laboratoire Central de la Préfecture de Police, 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Adèle Bressy
- Leesu, UMR-MA-102, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Université Paris-Est Créteil, AgroParisTech, 6 et 8 avenue Blaise Pascal - Cité Descartes, 77455, Champs-sur-Marne Cedex 2, France.
| | - Bertrand Frère
- Laboratoire Central de la Préfecture de Police, 39 bis rue de Dantzig, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Régis Moilleron
- Leesu, UMR-MA-102, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, AgroParisTech, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
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23
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Ultrasonic-Assisted Magnetic Solid-Phase Dispersive Extraction for Determination of Chlorpyrifos and Triclosan in Wastewater Samples prior to Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Xue M, Wu H, Liu S, Huang X, Jin Q, Ren R. Simultaneous determination of 44 pharmaceutically active compounds in water samples using solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:203-222. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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25
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de Barros ALC, de Abreu CG, da Cunha CCRF, da Silva Rodrigues DA, Afonso RJDCF, da Silva GA. Method development for simultaneous determination of polar and nonpolar pesticides in surface water by low-temperature partitioning extraction (LTPE) followed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:31609-31622. [PMID: 31482525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During this research, chemometric approaches were applied for optimization of the low-temperature partitioning extraction (LTPE) for the simultaneous analysis of the pesticides: acephate, difenoconazole, fenamidone, fluazifop, fluazinam, methamidophos, and thiamethoxam from surface water samples and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. It was used the 23 full factorial and the Doehlert experimental designs. The extraction technique was optimized by evaluating the effects of the three variables: sample pH, ionic strength (addition of Na2HPO4), and organic solvent volume. Considering the interest to find an optimal condition for all analytes simultaneously, the best extraction parameters found were as follows: pH = 5.33, concentration of Na2HPO4 = 0.0088 mol L-1 and organic phase volume = 4.5 mL. The optimized methodology showed LOD and LOQ levels from 0.33 to 8.13 ng L-1 and from 1.09 to 26.84 ng L-1, respectively. The recovery values ranged from 38.37 and 99.83% and the RSD values varied from 2.33 to 18.92%. The method was applied to surface water analysis sampled in areas with intensive agricultural practices in Ouro Branco City, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The difenoconazole was detected in concentrations between 12.53 and 94.76 ng L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luis Correa de Barros
- Postgraduation Program in Environmental Engineering (ProAmb), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Grossi de Abreu
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gilmare Antônia da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil.
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Starling MCVM, Amorim CC, Leão MMD. Occurrence, control and fate of contaminants of emerging concern in environmental compartments in Brazil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 372:17-36. [PMID: 29728279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This is the first review to present data obtained in Brazil over the years regarding contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) and to contrast it with contamination in other countries. Data gathered indicated that caffeine, paracetamol, atenolol, ibuprofen, cephalexin and bisphenol A occur in the μg L-1 range in streams near urban areas. While endocrine disruptors are frequently detected in surface waters, highest concentrations account for 17α-ethynylestradiol and 17β-estradiol. Organochlorine pesticides are the most frequently found and persistent in sediments in agricultural regions. Moreover, in tropical agricultural fields, pesticide volatilization and its implications to ecosystem protection must be better investigated. The reality represented here for Brazil may be transposed to other developing countries due to similarities related to primitive basic sanitation infrastructure and economic and social contexts, which contribute to continuous environmental contamination by CEC. Municipal wastewater treatment facilities in Brazil, treat up to the secondary stage and lead to limited CEC removal. This is also true for other nations in Latin America, such as Argentina, Colombia and Mexico. Therefore, it is an urgent priority to improve sanitation infrastructure and, then, the implementation of tertiary treatment shall be imposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara V M Starling
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av.Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, 31270-901
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av.Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, 31270-901.
| | - Mônica Maria D Leão
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av.Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, 31270-901
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Vieira CED, Costa PG, Caldas SS, Tesser ME, Risso WE, Escarrone ALV, Primel EG, Bianchini A, Dos Reis Martinez CB. An integrated approach in subtropical agro-ecosystems: Active biomonitoring, environmental contaminants, bioaccumulation, and multiple biomarkers in fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:508-524. [PMID: 30802666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic contamination in agricultural areas is a global problem, characterized by a complex mixture of organic and inorganic pollutants whose effects on biota are unpredictable and poorly investigated. In this context, in the present study, the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus was confined in situ for 120 days in two sites with different levels of anthropic impact: 1) a fish hatchery station, within the State University of Londrina (reference site - REF) and 2) an agro-ecosystem area in one of the most productive regions of southern Brazil (experimental site - EXP). We evaluated multiple biomarkers at different levels of biological organization, such as biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damages, DNA damages and liver histopathology. We also evaluated the occurrence of 22 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 6 trace metals in water and sediment; and 33 current-use pesticides (CUPs) in the water; besides the presence of OCPs in the liver and metals in different tissues of the confined fish. The chemical analysis confirmed that the two environments presented different levels of contamination. We verified a distribution gradient of data in the principal component analysis (PCA), separating the REF fish to one side and the fish at the agricultural area (EXP) to the other side. In general, the biomarker responses were more altered in fish from the EXP than fish from the hatchery station; and this fish presented a greater accumulation of endosulfan (an increase of 18× compared to basal value) and showed oxidative, genetic, and histological damage. Through the Biomarkers Response Index (BRI), we found that the EXP fish demonstrated a decrease in health status compared with the REF fish during the confinement time, due to their exposure to a higher concentration of contaminants. In conclusion, the use of multiple biomarkers at different response levels is an important tool for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Delfino Vieira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Souza Caldas
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Tesser
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wagner Ezequiel Risso
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Venquiaruti Escarrone
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Bueno Dos Reis Martinez
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Peña-Guzmán C, Ulloa-Sánchez S, Mora K, Helena-Bustos R, Lopez-Barrera E, Alvarez J, Rodriguez-Pinzón M. Emerging pollutants in the urban water cycle in Latin America: A review of the current literature. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:408-423. [PMID: 30822645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants (EP) are increasingly studied and characterized worldwide to improve the understanding of their environmental and toxicological impacts and their occurrence and behaviors in different environmental systems. Latin America has been subject to both environmental and toxicological impacts due to EP. To better understand these impacts, studies concerning pollutants have increased for the last ten years. The current study presents a critical review on the occurrence of different emerging pollutants in various components of the urban water cycle (UWC) in Latin America. The review is based on studies performed in 11 different countries between 1999 and 2018. The countries where the higher number of investigations were conducted are Brazil (53%) and Mexico (15%). The EP most often studied within the literature are pharmaceuticals, followed by personal care products. The most common EP reported were 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A and estrone; The UWC component with the greatest number of measurements in the reported studies were effluents from wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Peña-Guzmán
- INAM-USTA Group, Program of Environmental Engineering, St. Thomas University, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Stefanie Ulloa-Sánchez
- INAM-USTA Group, Program of Environmental Engineering, St. Thomas University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karen Mora
- Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa Helena-Bustos
- Evidence-Based Therapeutics Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Ellie Lopez-Barrera
- Institute of Environmental Studies and Services, Program of Environmental Engineering, Sergio Arboleda University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Johan Alvarez
- INAM-USTA Group, Program of Environmental Engineering, St. Thomas University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Pinzón
- École Supérieure D'aménagement Du Territoire et de Développement Régional, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Vanryckeghem F, Huysman S, Van Langenhove H, Vanhaecke L, Demeestere K. Multi-residue quantification and screening of emerging organic micropollutants in the Belgian Part of the North Sea by use of Speedisk extraction and Q-Orbitrap HRMS. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:350-360. [PMID: 31232313 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the occurrence of emerging organic micropollutants in the marine environment is still very limited, especially when focusing on the Belgian Part of the North Sea (BPNS). This study therefore optimized and validated a Speedisk® based SPE and LC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS method to tackle the challenge of measuring the expected ultra-trace concentrations in seawater. This method was applied to 18 samples collected at different locations in the open sea and harbor of the BPNS. Forty-eight compounds, among which several pharmaceuticals, personal care products or pesticides described in the EU Watchlist, were detected - some for the first time in seawater - at concentrations ranging up to 156 ng L-1. Moreover, the untargeted screening potential of the newly developed HRMS method was highlighted by revealing the presence of up to 1300 unknown components in a single sample and by assigning molecular formulae to those components demonstrating high discriminative potential between samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Vanryckeghem
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steve Huysman
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Queen's University, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, University Road BT7 1NN, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Schwanz TG, Carpilovsky CK, Weis GCC, Costabeber IH. Validation of a multi-residue method and estimation of measurement uncertainty of pesticides in drinking water using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1585:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Antonio da Silva D, Cavalcante RP, Cunha RF, Machulek A, César de Oliveira S. Optimization of nimesulide oxidation via a UV-ABC/H 2O 2 treatment process: Degradation products, ecotoxicological effects, and their dependence on the water matrix. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:457-468. [PMID: 29807345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nimesulide (Nim) degradation in ultrapure water (UW) and municipal sewage (MS) via UV-ABC/H2O2 was investigated. The variables included in the experimental design were time, initial Nim, and initial H2O2 concentrations. Resulting decreases in Nim concentration (monitored by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a photodiode array detector operating at a maximum UV absorbance of 300 nm), mineralization (from total organic carbon (TOC) measurements), and ecotoxicity (assays employing the bioindicators Daphnia similis, Artemia salina, and Allium cepa) were also studied. Degradation rates of 90% or higher were found for 15-20 min reaction times, employing combinations of [H2O2] = 50-150 mg L-1 and [Nim] = 8.5-15 mg L-1 prepared with MS. Mineralization rates of 70% and higher were attained within 60 min of reaction for [Nim] = 15 mg L-1 prepared in MS with [H2O2] = 100 mg L-1. Nim by-products were detected and possible degradation pathways proposed. Ecotoxicity evaluation using A. salina, D. similis, and A. cepa revealed that the treated samples had significantly lower toxicity. Exposure to treated samples resulted in survival rates of 79% for A. salina and over 90% for D. similis. No root growth inhibition was observed in A. cepa exposed to treated samples, whereas exposure to untreated samples inhibited root growth by 60%. Statistical analysis revealed elimination of cytotoxicity and reduction of genotoxicity against A. cepa. The results showed that the UV-ABC/H2O2 process can be employed as a pre- or post-treatment method to remove Nim from contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Antonio da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pereira Cavalcante
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Fabbro Cunha
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Machulek
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil.
| | - Silvio César de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Senador Filinto Muller, 1555, CP 549, Campo Grande, MS 79074-460, Brazil.
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Aznar R, Albero B, Pérez RA, Sánchez-Brunete C, Miguel E, Tadeo JL. Analysis of emerging organic contaminants in poultry manure by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:940-947. [PMID: 29178629 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A multiresidue method was developed for the determination of 19 emerging organic contaminants (pharmaceutical drugs, personal care products, and bisphenol A) in poultry manure. Lyophilized samples of manure were extracted by ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion and the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry after derivatization. Analysis of spiked poultry manure samples, at levels ranging from 25 to 150 ng/g, gave satisfactory recovery results for all the compounds, with values from 67 to 106%. The developed procedure provided detection limits that ranged from 0.9 to 2.2 ng/g. Finally, the validated method was applied to poultry manure samples collected from 23 poultry farms in Spain. Salicylic acid was found in most of the samples analyzed at levels up to 2501 ng/g, whereas, methyl paraben, orthophenylphenol, ibuprofen, paracetamol, and carbamazepine were detected at levels up to 250 ng/g. Composting of manure showed an important decrease in the levels of the detected contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Aznar
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Albero
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Ana Pérez
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Sánchez-Brunete
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Miguel
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Tadeo
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Soares KL, Cerqueira MBR, Caldas SS, Primel EG. Evaluation of alternative environmentally friendly matrix solid phase dispersion solid supports for the simultaneous extraction of 15 pesticides of different chemical classes from drinking water treatment sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:547-554. [PMID: 28525867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the development, optimization and validation of a method for the extraction of 15 pesticides of different chemical classes in drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS) by vortex-assisted Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion (MSPD) with determination by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. It focused on the application of alternative and different solid supports to the extraction step of the MSPD. The main parameters that influenced the extraction were studied in order to obtain better recovery responses. Recoveries ranged from 70 to 120% with RSD below 20% for all analytes. Limits of quantification (LOQ) of the method ranged from 5 to 500 μg kg-1 whereas the analytical curves showed correlation coefficients above 0.997. The method under investigation used low volume of solvent (5 mL), low sample mass (1.5 g) and low mass of chitin (0.5 g), an environmentally friendly support. It has advantages, such as speed, simplicity and low cost material, over other methods. When the method was applied, 4 out of 15 pesticides were detected in the DWTS samples in concentrations below the LOQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lotz Soares
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maristela Barnes Rodrigues Cerqueira
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Souza Caldas
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, 96203-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Wee SY, Aris AZ. Endocrine disrupting compounds in drinking water supply system and human health risk implication. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 106:207-233. [PMID: 28552550 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To date, experimental and epidemiological evidence of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) adversely affecting human and animal populations has been widely debated. Notably, human health risk assessment is required for risk mitigation. The lack of human health risk assessment and management may thus unreliably regulate the quality of water resources and efficiency of treatment processes. Therefore, drinking water supply systems (DWSSs) may be still unwarranted in assuring safe access to potable drinking water. Drinking water supply, such as tap water, is an additional and crucial route of human exposure to the health risks associated with EDCs. A holistic system, incorporating continuous research in DWSS monitoring and management using multi-barrier approach, is proposed as a preventive measure to reduce human exposure to the risks associated with EDCs through drinking water consumption. The occurrence of EDCs in DWSSs and corresponding human health risk implications are analyzed using the Needs, Approaches, Benefits, and Challenges (NABC) method. Therefore, this review may act as a supportive tool in protecting human health and environmental quality from EDCs, which is essential for decision-making regarding environmental monitoring and management purposes. Subsequently, the public could have sustainable access to safer and more reliable drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Machado KC, Grassi MT, Vidal C, Pescara IC, Jardim WF, Fernandes AN, Sodré FF, Almeida FV, Santana JS, Canela MC, Nunes CRO, Bichinho KM, Severo FJR. A preliminary nationwide survey of the presence of emerging contaminants in drinking and source waters in Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:138-146. [PMID: 27494660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This is the first nationwide survey of emerging contaminants in Brazilian waters. One hundred drinking water samples were investigated in 22 Brazilian state capitals. In addition, seven source water samples from two of the most populous regions of the country were evaluated. Samples were collected from June to September of 2011 and again during the same period in 2012. The study covered emerging contaminants of different classes, including hormones, plasticizers, herbicides, triclosan and caffeine. The analytical method for the determination of the compounds was based on solid-phase extraction followed by analysis via liquid chromatography electrospray triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Caffeine, triclosan, atrazine, phenolphthalein and bisphenol A were found in at least one of the samples collected in the two sampling campaigns. Caffeine and atrazine were the most frequently detected substances in both drinking and source water. Caffeine concentrations in drinking water ranged from 1.8ngL-1 to values above 2.0μgL-1 while source-water concentrations varied from 40ngL-1 to about 19μgL-1. For atrazine, concentrations were found in the range from 2.0 to 6.0ngL-1 in drinking water and at concentrations of up to 15ngL-1 in source water. The widespread presence of caffeine in samples of treated water is an indication of the presence of domestic sewage in the source water, considering that caffeine is a compound of anthropogenic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C Machado
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, PO Box 19032, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Parana, PO Box 19032, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Vidal
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor C Pescara
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson F Jardim
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia N Fernandes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, PO Box 15003, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Sodré
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, PO Box 4478, 70910-000 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fernanda V Almeida
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, PO Box 4478, 70910-000 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Joyce S Santana
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, PO Box 4478, 70910-000 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Canela
- Center of Exact Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Chemical Science, State University of Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila R O Nunes
- Center of Exact Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Chemical Science, State University of Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia M Bichinho
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, PO Box 5093, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Flaviana J R Severo
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, PO Box 5093, 58051-900 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Trace Elements Contamination and Human Health Risk Assessment in Drinking Water from the Agricultural and Pastoral Areas of Bay County, Xinjiang, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13100938. [PMID: 27669274 PMCID: PMC5086677 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tap water samples were collected from 180 families in four agricultural (KYR: Keyir, KRW: Kariwak, YTR: Yatur, DW: Dawanqi) and two pastoral areas (B: Bulong and Y: Yangchang) in Bay County, Xinjiang, China, and levels of seven trace elements (Cd, Cr, As Ni, Pb, Zn, Se) were analyzed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess potential health risks. Remarkable spatial variations of contamination were observed. Overall, the health risk was more severe for carcinogenic versus non-carcinogenic pollutants due to heavy metal. The risk index was greater for children overall (Cr > As > Cd and Zn > Se for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic elements, respectively). The total risk index was greater in agricultural areas (DW > KYR > YTR > KRW > B > Y). Total risk indices were greater where well water was the source versus fountain water; for the latter, the total health risk index was greater versus glacier water. Main health risk factors were Cr and As in DW, KYR, YTR, KRW, and B, and Zn, Cr, and As in the Y region. Overall, total trace element–induced health risk (including for DW adults) was higher than acceptable (10−6) and lower than priority risk levels (10−4) (KYR, YTR, KRW, Y, and B). For DW children, total health risk reached 1.08 × 10−4, higher than acceptable and priority risk levels (10−4).
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Bolzan CM, Caldas SS, Guimarães BS, Primel EG. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet for the determination of triazine and triazoles in mineral water samples. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3410-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia M. Bolzan
- Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais, Escola de Química e Alimentos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG; Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil
| | - Sergiane S. Caldas
- Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais, Escola de Química e Alimentos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG; Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil
| | - Bruno S. Guimarães
- Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais, Escola de Química e Alimentos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG; Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil
| | - Ednei G. Primel
- Laboratório de Análises de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais, Escola de Química e Alimentos; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG; Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil
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Albuquerque AF, Ribeiro JS, Kummrow F, Nogueira AJA, Montagner CC, Umbuzeiro GA. Pesticides in Brazilian freshwaters: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:779-87. [PMID: 27367607 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00268d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture can lead to water contamination and cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. Brazil has been the world's top pesticide market consumer since 2008, with 381 approved pesticides for crop use. This study provides a comprehensive literature review on the occurrence of pesticide residues in Brazilian freshwaters. We searched for information in official agency records and peer-reviewed scientific literature. Risk quotients were calculated to assess the potential risk posed to aquatic life by the individual pesticides based on their levels of water contamination. Studies about the occurrence of pesticides in freshwaters in Brazil are scarce and concentrated in few sampling sites in 5 of the 27 states. Herbicides (21) accounted for the majority of the substances investigated, followed by fungicides (11), insecticides (10) and plant growth regulators (1). Insecticides are the class of major concern. Brazil would benefit from the implementation of a nationwide pesticide freshwater monitoring program to support preventive, remediation and enforcement actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Albuquerque
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - J S Ribeiro
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - F Kummrow
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil. and Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A J A Nogueira
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil. and Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C C Montagner
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G A Umbuzeiro
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Barbosa AMC, Solano MDLM, Umbuzeiro GDA. Pesticides in Drinking Water - The Brazilian Monitoring Program. Front Public Health 2015; 3:246. [PMID: 26581345 PMCID: PMC4631936 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is the world largest pesticide consumer; therefore, it is important to monitor the levels of these chemicals in the water used by population. The Ministry of Health coordinates the National Drinking Water Quality Surveillance Program (Vigiagua) with the objective to monitor water quality. Water quality data are introduced in the program by state and municipal health secretariats using a database called Sisagua (Information System of Water Quality Monitoring). Brazilian drinking water norm (Ordinance 2914/2011 from Ministry of Health) includes 27 pesticide active ingredients that need to be monitored every 6 months. This number represents <10% of current active ingredients approved for use in the country. In this work, we analyzed data compiled in Sisagua database in a qualitative and quantitative way. From 2007 to 2010, approximately 169,000 pesticide analytical results were prepared and evaluated, although approximately 980,000 would be expected if all municipalities registered their analyses. This shows that only 9–17% of municipalities registered their data in Sisagua. In this dataset, we observed non-compliance with the minimum sampling number required by the norm, lack of information about detection and quantification limits, insufficient standardization in expression of results, and several inconsistencies, leading to low credibility of pesticide data provided by the system. Therefore, it is not possible to evaluate exposure of total Brazilian population to pesticides via drinking water using the current national database system Sisagua. Lessons learned from this study could provide insights into the monitoring and reporting of pesticide residues in drinking water worldwide.
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Kim MG, Kim TH, Shin BS, Kim MG, Seok SH, Kim KB, Lee JB, Choi HG, Lee YS, Yoo SD. A sensitive LC–ESI-MS/MS method for the quantification of avobenzone in rat plasma and skin layers: Application to a topical administration study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1003:41-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Bolzan CM, Caldas SS, Soares BM, Primel EG. Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Preconcentration of Multiple Classes of Pesticides in Water. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1048351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Caldas SS, Rombaldi C, Arias JLDO, Marube LC, Primel EG. Multi-residue method for determination of 58 pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water using solvent demulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 146:676-88. [PMID: 26695317 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient sample pretreatment using solvent-based de-emulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SD-DLLME) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was studied for the extraction of 58 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and pesticides from water samples. Type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents, pH, salt addition, amount of salt and type of demulsification solvent were evaluated. Limits of quantification (LOQ) in the range from 0.0125 to 1.25 µg L(-1) were reached, and linearity was in the range from the LOQ of each compound to 25 μg L(-1). Recoveries ranged from 60% to 120% for 84% of the compounds, with relative standard deviations lower than 29%. The proposed method demonstrated, for the first time, that sample preparation by SD-DLLME with determination by LC-MS/MS can be successfully used for the simultaneous extraction of 32 pesticides and 26 PPCPs from water samples. The entire procedure, including the extraction of 58 organic compounds from the aqueous sample solution and the breaking up of the emulsion after extraction with water, rather than with an organic solvent, was environmentally friendly. In addition, this technique was less expensive and faster than traditional techniques. Finally, the analytical method under study was successfully applied to the analysis of all 58 pesticides and PPCPs in surface water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiane Souza Caldas
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rombaldi
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Liziane Cardoso Marube
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Marube LC, Caldas SS, Soares KL, Primel EG. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic droplets for simultaneous extraction of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Campanha MB, Awan AT, de Sousa DNR, Grosseli GM, Mozeto AA, Fadini PS. A 3-year study on occurrence of emerging contaminants in an urban stream of São Paulo State of Southeast Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:7936-7947. [PMID: 25516246 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript reports a 3-year study on occurrence of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and triclosan in surface waters of a central urban region of São Paulo State of Southeast Brazil (the Monjolinho River in São Carlos). Water samples collected once at every 2 months were pre-concentrated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The most frequently detected compounds in higher concentrations were caffeine, paracetamol, and atenolol (maximum concentrations 129,585, 30,421, and 8199 ng L(-1), respectively), while hormones estrone and 17-β-estradiol were the least detected, in levels up to 14.8 ng L(-1). There was an increasing trend in concentrations of most of the compounds along the river course, especially downstream of the river where there is discharge of both wastewater treatment plant effluent and raw sewage from a particular region of São Carlos city. Concentrations of contaminants were higher during dry periods as a result of decline in the water levels. Decrease in concentrations near the river mouth occurred to different extents for each compound. It was high for caffeine and atenolol, but was very low for carbamazepine and diclofenac. The present study reports the first data about the occurrence of some major emerging contaminants in the Monjolinho River. Besides its regional significance, this work may assist in composing a dataset for water contamination diagnosis focusing on emerging contaminants, both in the Brazilian as well as in the Global studies related to aquatic ecosystems. Such datasets can be helpful for making future public policies on water quality, since these compounds are not yet legally regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele B Campanha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Caixa Postal 676, Rod. Washington Luiz km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cerqueira MBR, Guilherme JR, Caldas SS, Martins ML, Zanella R, Primel EG. Evaluation of the QuEChERS method for the extraction of pharmaceuticals and personal care products from drinking-water treatment sludge with determination by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:74-82. [PMID: 24875873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A modified version of the QuEChERS method has been evaluated for the determination of 21 pharmaceuticals and 6 personal care products (PPCPs) in drinking-water sludge samples by employing ultra high liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The performance of the method was evaluated through linearity, recovery, precision (intra-day), method detection and quantification limits (MDL and MQL) and matrix effect. The calibration curves prepared in acetonitrile and in the matrix extract showed a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.98 to 0.99. MQLs values were on the ng g(-1) order of magnitude for most compounds. Recoveries between 50% and 93% were reached with RSDs lower than 10% for most compounds. Matrix effect was almost absent with values lower than 16% for 93% of the compounds. By coupling a quick and simple extraction called QuEChERS with the UPLC-MS/MS analysis, a method that is both selective and sensitive was obtained. This methodology was successfully applied to real samples and caffeine and benzophenone-3 were detected in ng g(-1) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristela B R Cerqueira
- Post-Graduation Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Guilherme
- Post-Graduation Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Sergiane S Caldas
- Post-Graduation Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Manoel L Martins
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Ednei G Primel
- Post-Graduation Program in Technological and Environmental Chemistry, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, s/n, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State 96201-900, Brazil.
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Fontanals N, Miralles N, Abdullah N, Davies A, Gilart N, Cormack P. Evaluation of strong cation-exchange polymers for the determination of drugs by solid-phase extraction–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1343:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Martín J, Camacho-Muñoz D, Santos JL, Aparicio I, Alonso E. Determination of emerging and priority industrial pollutants in surface water and wastewater by liquid chromatography–negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:3709-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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