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Zhao P, Li Y, Bai X, Jing X, Huo D, Zhao X, Ding Y, Shi Y. Resistance mechanisms of cereal plants and rhizosphere soil microbial communities to chromium stress. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17461. [PMID: 38952992 PMCID: PMC11216213 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals poison crops and disturb the normal functioning of rhizosphere microbial communities. Different crops and rhizosphere microbial communities exhibit different heavy metal resistance mechanisms. Here, indoor pot studies were used to assess the mechanisms of grain and soil rhizosphere microbial communities on chromium (Cr) stress. Millet grain variety 'Jingu 21' (Setaria italica) and soil samples were collected prior to control (CK), 6 hours after (Cr_6h), and 6 days following (Cr_6d) Cr stress. Transcriptomic analysis, high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used for sample determination and data analysis. Cr stress inhibited the expression of genes related to cell division, and photosynthesis in grain plants while stimulating the expression of genes related to DNA replication and repair, in addition to plant defense systems resist Cr stress. In response to chromium stress, rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal community compositions and diversity changed significantly (p < 0.05). Both bacterial and fungal co-occurrence networks primarily comprised positively correlated edges that would serve to increase community stability. However, bacterial community networks were larger than fungal community networks and were more tightly connected and less modular than fungal networks. The abundances of C/N functional genes exhibited increasing trends with increased Cr exposure. Overall, these results suggest that Cr stress primarily prevented cereal seedlings from completing photosynthesis, cell division, and proliferation while simultaneously triggering plant defense mechanisms to resist the toxic effects of Cr. Soil bacterial and fungal populations exhibited diverse response traits, community-assembly mechanisms, and increased expression of functional genes related to carbon and nitrogen cycling, all of which are likely related to microbial survival during Cr stress. This study provides new insights into resistance mechanisms, microbial community structures, and mechanisms of C/N functional genes responses in cereal plants to heavy metal contaminated agricultural soils. Portions of this text were previously published as part of a preprint (https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2891904/v1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Security in Fenhe River Basin, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yujing Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuqing Jing
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dongao Huo
- Research Center for Plant Resources and Nutritional Health, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Security in Fenhe River Basin, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuqin Ding
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuxuan Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Di X, Qin X, Wei Y, Liang X, Wang L, Xu Y, Yuebing S, Huang Q. Selenate reduced wheat grain cadmium accumulation by inhibiting cadmium absorption and increasing root cadmium retention. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108108. [PMID: 37864926 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) fertilizer has been recently used to reduce cadmium (Cd) accumulation in plant. A pot culture was performed to analyze Cd uptake, translocation, and distribution in wheat plants during the reproductive growth period in a Cd-contaminated soil after selenate was applied to the soil, and a hydroponic culture was carried out to investigate the effects of selenate application on Cd2+ influx, subcellular Cd distribution, and Cd accumulation in wheat seedlings. Results showed that selenate application had no significant effect on DTPA-Cd and Cd fraction in soil. The application of selenate greatly inhibited the whole-plant Cd absorption by 14%-23%. In addition, selenate prompted the retention of Cd in root by increasing the Cd distribution in the vacuole, which reduced the root-to-shoot Cd translocation by 18%-53%. The application of selenate increased the Cd concentration in nodes, inhibited Cd remobilization from nutritive organs to grain, and ultimately reduced Cd accumulation in wheat grain. Further, heading to grain filling was the key growth stage for exogenous selenate to regulate grain Cd accumulation. In summary, soil selenate application is an effective method to reduce grain Cd concentration in wheat, which provided scientific basis for remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Di
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicity and Pollution Remediation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xu Qin
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicity and Pollution Remediation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yihua Wei
- Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Xuefeng Liang
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicity and Pollution Remediation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicity and Pollution Remediation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicity and Pollution Remediation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Sun Yuebing
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicity and Pollution Remediation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicity and Pollution Remediation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, MARA, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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Kaur M, Yang K, Wang L, Xu M. Interactive effects of polyethylene microplastics and cadmium on growth of Glycine max. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:101178-101191. [PMID: 37648924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs) can lead to aggravation of detrimental effects in the plants, animals, and even human beings. Keeping this in view, the present study was designed to assess the combined toxic effects of polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs) and cadmium (Cd) on germination indices and seedling growth of soybean (Glycine max). Particle sizes of 13 and 6.5 μm and six treatments (control, Cd, 6.5 μm PE, 6.5 μm PE + Cd, 13 μm PE, and 13 μm PE + Cd) were set to simulate the effects of PE-MPs and Cd on the growth of soybean when used alone or in combined form. As compared to the control, 6.5 μm PE treatment showed significant effect on most of the germination indices, i.e., decrease in the germination index by 31%, 44% decrease in the vigor index, and 28% decrease in germination rate whereas mean germination time showed no significant differences. Treatment of smaller-size PE-MPs and Cd significantly inhibited both dry and fresh weights. All treatment groups resulted in significant effect on catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities of seedlings depicting adverse effects of interaction of PE-MPs and Cd. Our findings demonstrated the phyto-toxicity of PE-MPs and Cd in G. max, and it would lead to serious implications in human beings. Our study is important as it provides preliminary information regarding MP absorption and their accumulation in different levels of food chain. It can also form the basis for future research on single the combined effects of different types and sizes of MPs and heavy metals on the terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Jinming Campus, Miami College, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
- Jinming Campus, Miami College, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory for Green Innovation, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
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Liu H, Sun J, Zou J, Li B, Jin H. MeJA-mediated enhancement of salt-tolerance of Populus wutunensis by 5-aminolevulinic acid. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:185. [PMID: 37024791 PMCID: PMC10077631 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural and environmentally benign multifunctional plant growth regulator involved in the regulation of plant tolerance to various environmental stresses. This research aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in Populus wutunensis induced by exogenous ALA using physiological and transcriptomic analyses. RESULTS Physiological results showed that 50 mg·L- 1 ALA-treatment significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the relative electrical conductivity (REC) and enhanced antioxidant activities of enzymes such as SOD, POD and CAT in salt-stressed P. wutunensis seedlings. Transcriptome analysis identified ALA-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associating with increased salt-tolerance in P. wutunensis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that ALA activated the jasmonic acid signaling and significantly enhanced the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Results of the hormone-quantification by LC-MS/MS-based assays showed that ALA could increase the accumulation of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in salt-stressed P. wutunensis. Induced contents of soluble proteins and flavonoids by exogenous ALA in salt-treated seedlings were also correlated with the MeJA content. CONCLUSION 5-aminolevulinic acid improved the protein-folding efficiency in the endoplasmic reticulum and the flavonoid-accumulation through the MeJA-activated jasmonic acid signaling, thereby increased salt-tolerance in P. wutunensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Jingliang Sun
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Jixiang Zou
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Baisheng Li
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Hua Jin
- College of Environment and Bioresource, Dalian Minzu University, No 18, Liaohexi Road, 116600 Dalian, Liaoning China
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Shi L, Chen Z, Hou Y, Li J, Shen Z, Chen Y. The original polyethylene microplastics inhibit the growth of sweet potatoes and increase the safety risk of cadmium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138281. [PMID: 36959934 PMCID: PMC10027921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs) co-exist in sweet potato fields of China. As the main component of agricultural field mulch and one of the most polluting and harmful HMs, the effects of polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) and cadmium (Cd) on sweet potato and soil environment are remains unclear. Here, pot and hydroponic experiments are used to explore the effects of original and weathered PE MPs on growth and Cd uptake of sweet potatoes. The results of pot experiments reveal that compared with the control (0%), 5% of weathered PE MPs can significantly increase soil electrical conductivity (EC); both 5% of the original PE MPs and weathered PE MPs can significantly reduce the concentration of Olsen phosphorus (P) and Olsen potassium (K) in soil, inhibit plant growth, but significantly increase Cd accumulation and glutathione (GSH) level in tissues of sweet potatoes, and also induce membrane lipid peroxidation. In addition, compared to 5% weathered PE MPs, 5% original PE MPs significantly reduce soil EC, growth and peroxidase level of sweet potatoes, but significantly increase Cd concentration in leaves and stems. The results of hydroponic experiment show that original PE MPs significantly increase the P, K, and Cd adsorption compared with weathered PE MPs, and Cd increases the original PE MPs accumulation in the root cortex but decrease PE MPs accumulation in shoots. To sum up, our study investigates the differences and reasons of the effects of original and weathered PE MPs on growth and Cd absorption of sweet potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zanming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Collaborated Lab. of Plant Molecular Ecology (between the College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University and the Asian Natural Environmental Science Center of the University of Tokyo), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Li S, Zhang K, Tian J, Chang K, Yuan S, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Zhong F. Fulvic acid mitigates cadmium toxicity-induced damage in cucumber seedlings through the coordinated interaction of antioxidant enzymes, organic acid, and amino acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28780-28790. [PMID: 36401696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) can significantly alleviate cadmium (Cd) stress, but the specific metabolic response of FA to Cd toxicity is still not clarified. In the present study, we used untargeted metabolomic [gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)] analysis to profile cucumber metabolism in response to Cd stress after spray application of FA. Our results showed that 331 differentially enriched metabolites (DEMs) were identified in leaf materials. These DEMs were enriched in 21 shared pathways in comparative groups of "Cd treatment vs. the control treatment" and "FA + Cd treatment vs. the Cd treatment." Specifically, treatment with FA significantly enhanced the organic acid content (citric acid, isocitric acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid), which would contribute to provide sufficient substrates for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid biosynthesis, thereby ensuring the normal production of energy and amino acid. At the same time, FA significantly increased the amino acid content (aspartate, citrulline, histidine, leucine, and phenylalanine). The accumulation of organic acid and amino acid can act as chelating agents for heavy metal ions and as scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby reducing intracellular oxidative damage. Furthermore, the application of FA improves antioxidant enzymes and accelerates ROS clearance. The improved contents of organic acid and amino acid, and the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes both played a central role in the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA, 14.08%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 61.70%) contents, and superoxide anion radical (O2-, 30.41%) production rate in plants under Cd stress. Taken together, the present study demonstrates the effects of FA on the antioxidant capacity and carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism of cucumber seedlings exposed to Cd stress, which provides comprehensive insights into the regulation of plants' response to Cd toxicity with FA was applied in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tian
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaizhen Chang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglin Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
- Fuzhou Intelligent Agriculture (Seed) Industry Technology Innovation Center, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.
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Zhenggang X, Li F, Mengxi Z, Yunlin Z, Huimin H, Guiyan Y. Physiological dynamics as indicators of plant response to manganese binary effect. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145427. [PMID: 37123864 PMCID: PMC10130396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Heavy metals negatively affect plant physiology. However, plants can reduce their toxicity through physiological responses. Broussonetia papyrifera is a suitable candidate tree for carrying out the phytoremediation of manganese (Mn)-contaminated soil. Methods Considering that Mn stress typically exerts a binary effect on plants, to reveal the dynamic characteristics of the physiological indexes of B. papyrifera to Mn stress, we conducted pot experiments with six different Mn concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mmol/L) for 60 days. In addition to the chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (PRO), soluble sugar, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), the absorption and transfer characteristics of Mn, and root structure were also measured. Results Phytoremedial potential parameters such as the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) displayed an increasing trend with the increase of Mn concentration. At lower Mn concentrations (<0.5 mmol/L), the TF value was <1 but crossed 1 when the Mn concentration exceeded 100 mmol/L. The Mn distribution in various tissues was in the following order: leaf > stem > root. The root structure analysis revealed that low-level concentrations of Mn (1 mmol/L) promoted root development. Mn concentration and stress duration had significant effects on all measured physiological indexes, and except soluble sugar, Mn concentration and stress time displayed a significant interaction on the physiological indexes. Discussion Our study demonstrates that the physiological indexes of B. papyrifera display dynamic characteristics under Mn stress. Thus, during the monitoring process of Mn stress, it appears to be necessary to appropriately select sampling parts according to Mn concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhenggang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Li
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Mengxi
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhao Yunlin
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huang Huimin
- Hunan Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Environmental and Resources Plant, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Environmental Monitoring, Changsha Environmental Protection College, Changsha Hunan, China
| | - Yang Guiyan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Guiyan,
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Gao F, Zhang X, Zhang J, Li J, Niu T, Tang C, Wang C, Xie J. Zinc oxide nanoparticles improve lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) plant tolerance to cadmium by stimulating antioxidant defense, enhancing lignin content and reducing the metal accumulation and translocation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1015745. [PMID: 36388475 PMCID: PMC9647129 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1015745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a serious global concern that warrants constant attention. Therefore, a hydroponic study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 mg/l) of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on the Cd content in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under Cd stress conditions. The results showed that Cd stress triggered a decrease in plant biomass, an increase in relative electrolyte conductivity (REC), a decrease in root activity, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and nutrient imbalance. The application of ZnONPs reduced the toxicity symptoms of lettuce seedlings under Cd stress, with the most pronounced effect being observed 2.5 mg/l. ZnONPs promoted the growth of lettuce under Cd stress, mainly in terms of increase in biomass, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline content, as well as reduction in Cd content, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant tissues. ZnONPs also enhanced the uptake of ions associated with photosynthesis, such as iron, manganese, magnesium, and zinc. In addition, ZnONPs increase the amount of lignin in the roots, which blocks or reduces the entry of Cd into plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianhang Niu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Tang
- Institute of Vegetables, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Yang L, Wu Y, Wang X, Lv J, Tang Z, Hu L, Luo S, Wang R, Ali B, Yu J. Physiological Mechanism of Exogenous 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Improved the Tolerance of Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica pekinensis L.) to Cadmium Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:845396. [PMID: 35720555 PMCID: PMC9199490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.845396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a new type of plant growth regulator, can relieve the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) to plants. However, its mechanism has not been thoroughly studied. In the study, the roles of ALA have been investigated in the tolerance of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) seedlings to Cd stress. The results showed that Cd significantly reduced the biomass and the length of the primary root of seedlings but increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. These can be effectively mitigated through the application of ALA. The ALA can further induce the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle under Cd stress, which resulted in high levels of both GSH and AsA. Under ALA + Cd treatment, the seedlings showed a higher chlorophyll content and photosynthetic performance in comparison with Cd treatment alone. Microscopic analysis results confirmed that ALA can protect the cell structure of shoots and roots, i.e., stabilizing the morphological structure of chloroplasts in leaf mesophyll cells. The qRT-PCR results further reported that ALA downregulated the expressions of Cd absorption and transport-related genes in shoots (HMA2 and HMA4) and roots (IRT1, IRT2, Nramp1, and Nramp3), which resulted in the low Cd content in the shoots and roots of cabbage seedlings. Taken together, the exogenous application of ALA alleviates Cd stress through maintaining redox homeostasis, protecting the photosynthetic system, and regulating the expression of Cd transport-related genes in Chinese cabbage seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruidong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Kumar V, Ameen F, Islam MA, Agrawal S, Motghare A, Dey A, Shah MP, Américo-Pinheiro JHP, Singh S, Ramamurthy PC. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects of refractory pollutants of untreated and biomethanated distillery effluent using Allium cepa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118975. [PMID: 35157935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by the discharge of raw and partly treated distillery effluent has become a serious and threatening problem due to its high pollution load. The aim of the present study was to assess the physicochemical load in alcohol distillery effluent before and after biomethanation treatment and the cyto- and genotoxicity effects of refractory pollutants emanated in raw/untreated and biomethanated distillery effluent on the ultrastructural and biochemical responses of Allium cepa root tip cells. Physicochemical analysis revealed high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD: 47840-36651 mg L-1), chemical oxygen demand (COD: 93452-84500 mg L-1) and total dissolved solids (TDS: 64251-74652 mg L-1) in raw and biomethanated effluent along with metal(loid)s (Fe: 456.152-346.26; Zn: 1.654-1.465; Cu: 0.648-0.562; Ni: 1.012-0.951, and Pb: 0.264 mg L-1) which were beyond the safe discharge values prescribed by the environmental regulatory agencies. The UV-Visible and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry analyses confirmed the high levels of organic, inorganic, and mixed contaminants discharged in raw and biomethanated distillery effluents. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis characterised chemical contaminants, such as hexadecanoic acid, butanedioic acid, bis(trimethylsilyl) ester; hexadecane, 2,6,11,15-tetramethyl, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol trimethylsilyl ether that have been reported as androgenic-mutagenic, and endocrine disrupting chemicals by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The cytotoxicity measured by A. cepa showed dose depended inhibition root growth inhibition and simultaneous reduction in mitotic index in tested effluents. The chromosomal aberrations studies resulted in laggard chromosomes, sticky chromosomes, vagrant chromosomes, chromosome loss, c-mitosis, chromosome bridge, abnormal metaphase, and disturbed anaphase as found in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, dose-dependent enhancement in the levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase were found to be higher in raw effluents treated root cells compared to biomethanated distillery effluent. Analysis of ultrastructural changes in root tip cells by TEM analysis revealed dramatic changes in the morphology of cell organelles and accumulation of metallic elements in and on the surface tissues. The results concluded that the discharged distillery effluents retained certain toxic pollutants which imposed cytotoxic and genotoxic hazards to A. cepa. Thus, for the sake of environmental protection, the raw as well as the disposed biomethanated effluent must be efficiently treated before its dumping into the terrestrial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India; Waste Re-processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India.
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Amirul Islam
- Laboratory for Quantum Semiconductors and Photon-based BioNanotechnology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sakshi Agrawal
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Ankit Motghare
- Waste Re-processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Maulin P Shah
- Enviro Tech Laboratory, Ankeleshwar, 393002, Gujarat, India
| | - Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro
- School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Brasil Sul, number 56, ZIP Code 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil; Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, number 584, ZIP Code 08230-030, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, 56001, India
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Farhat F, Arfan M, Wang X, Tariq A, Kamran M, Tabassum HN, Tariq I, Mora-Poblete F, Iqbal R, El-Sabrout AM, Elansary HO. The Impact of Bio-Stimulants on Cd-Stressed Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.): Insights Into Growth, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Cd Accumulation, and Osmolyte Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850567. [PMID: 35251114 PMCID: PMC8895758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a higher Cd absorption capacity than other cereal crops causing an excess daily Cd intake and a huge threat for public health. Therefore, the reduction of Cd accumulation in wheat from the soil is a crucial food-security issue. A pot trial was performed on Cd-stressed wheat seedlings to evaluate the morphological and physio-biochemical responses via foliage spray of two different bio-stimulants, i.e., ascorbic acid (AsA) and moringa leaf extract (MLE). Two wheat cultivars (Fsd-08 and Glxy-13) were exposed to cadmium (CdCl2.5H2O) stress (0, 500, and 1,000 μM), along with foliar spray of AsA (0 and 50 mM) and MLE (0 and 3%). The most observable growth reduction was documented in plants that are exposed to a higher Cd concentration (1,000 μM), followed by the lower Cd level (500 μM). The wheat growth attributes, such as number of leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant, biomass yield, shoot/root length, and leaf area, were greatly depressed under the Cd stress, irrespective of the cultivar. Under the increasing Cd stress, a significant diminution was observed in maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP), and electron transport rate (ETR) accompanied with reduced gas exchange attributes. However, Cd-induced phytotoxicity enhanced the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and internal carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), which was confirmed by their significant positive correlation with Cd contents in shoot and root tissues of both cultivars. The contents of proline, AsA, glycine betaine (GB), tocopherol, total free amino acid (TFAA), and total soluble sugar (TSS) were greatly decreased with Cd stress (1,000 μM), while MLE and AsA significantly enhanced the osmolytes accumulation under both Cd levels (especially 500 μM level). The Cd accumulation was predominantly found in the root as compared to shoots in both cultivars, which has declined after the application of MLE and AsA. Conclusively, MLE was found to be more effective to mitigate Cd-induced phytotoxicity up to 500 μM Cd concentration, compared with the AsA amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Farhat
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture (UAF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arfan
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture (UAF), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiukang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Arneeb Tariq
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Ifra Tariq
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M. El-Sabrout
- Department of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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LI X, LI J, ISLAM F, NAJEEB U, PAN J, HOU Z, SHOU J, QIN Y, XU L. 5-Aminolevulinic acid could enhance the salinity tolerance by alleviating oxidative damages in Salvia miltiorrhiza. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.103121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin LI
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianyao SHOU
- Zhuji Municipal Agro-Tech Extension Center, China
| | - Yebo QIN
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, China
| | - Ling XU
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
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13
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Ali S, Gill RA, Shafique MS, Ahmar S, Kamran M, Zhang N, Riaz M, Nawaz M, Fang R, Ali B, Zhou W. Role of phytomelatonin responsive to metal stresses: An omics perspective and future scenario. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:936747. [PMID: 36147242 PMCID: PMC9486320 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A pervasive melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) reveals a crucial role in stress tolerance and plant development. Melatonin (MT) is a unique molecule with multiple phenotypic expressions and numerous actions within the plants. It has been extensively studied in crop plants under different abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat, cold, and heavy metals. Mainly, MT role is appraised as an antioxidant molecule that deals with oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulating stress related genes. It improves the contents of different antioxidant enzyme activities and thus, regulates the redox hemostasis in crop plants. In this comprehensive review, regulatory effects of melatonin in plants as melatonin biosynthesis, signaling pathway, modulation of stress related genes and physiological role of melatonin under different heavy metal stress have been reviewed in detail. Further, this review has discussed how MT regulates different genes/enzymes to mediate defense responses and overviewed the context of transcriptomics and phenomics followed by the metabolomics pathways in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skhawat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Sunny Ahmar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Rouyi Fang
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
- Basharat Ali,
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weijun Zhou,
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14
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Zeeshan M, Hu YX, Iqbal A, Salam A, Liu YX, Muhammad I, Ahmad S, Khan AH, Hale B, Wu HY, Zhou XB. Amelioration of AsV toxicity by concurrent application of ZnO-NPs and Se-NPs is associated with differential regulation of photosynthetic indexes, antioxidant pool and osmolytes content in soybean seedling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112738. [PMID: 34481352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a significant food safety and environmental concern due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic effect on living organism. Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) is a global staple crop grown intensively in arsenic-contaminated regions of the world (e.g., Southern Province of China). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether Se-NPs and/or ZnO-NPs could be used as an eco-friendly and efficient amendment to reduce arsenic uptake and toxicity in soybean. Ten-days-old seedling, grown in vermiculite, were transferred to hydroponic media and further grown till V2 growth stage appeared. AsV (25 μM Na2HAsO4) stressed plants were treated with ZnONP (25 μM ZnO) and SeNP (25 μM Se) separately and in combination, which were grown for another 10 d. The result demonstrated that arsenic-treated soybean plants displayed a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency, increased proline and glycine betaine accumulation in tissues, and altered antioxidant activity compared to an untreated control. The application of zinc oxide and selenium nanoparticles, both independently and in tandem, reduced arsenic stress in root and shoot tissues and rescued plant health. This was reflected through increased levels of reduced glutathione content, ascorbic acid, and various photosynthesis- and antioxidant-relevant enzymes. In addition, nanoparticle-treated soybean plants displayed higher expression of defense- and detoxification-related genes compared to controls. Cellular toxicants (i.e., oxidized glutathione, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde) were reduced upon nanoparticle treatment. These data collectively suggest that selenium and zinc oxide nanoparticles may be a solution to ameliorate arsenic toxicity in agricultural soils and crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Xin Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Abdul Salam
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xin Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
| | - Brett Hale
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, USA
| | - Hai Yan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xun Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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15
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Wang H, Liu Z, Luo S, Li J, Zhang J, Li L, Xie J. 5-Aminolevulinic acid and hydrogen sulphide alleviate chilling stress in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings by enhancing chlorophyll synthesis pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:567-576. [PMID: 34455225 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
5- Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) as a precursor in chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) as a gas signalling molecules can alleviate various abiotic stresses by enhancing photosynthesis. However, little is known about their mechanisms ameliorating photosynthesis under chilling stress, or interactions of ALA and H2S in Chl synthesis. In this study, we explored the effects of exogenous ALA and H2S on chilling stress-induced photosynthesis damage in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings. Chilling inhibited the photosynthetic capacity of pepper seedlings, ALA or H2S treatment alone could alleviate this inhibition, and ALA + H2S treatment was even more effective for improving photosynthetic capacity. Additionally, levels of Chl synthesis pathway substances including endogenous ALA, protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg-protoporphyrin (Mg-Proto IX), protochlorophyllide (Pchl) and Chl (Chl a and Chl b) were significantly decreased, and chilling down-regulated upstream genes HEMA1, HEMB, FAR1, FHY3, CHLH, HEME1, HEMF and PORA. ALA + H2S treatment significantly increased levels of Chl and upstream substances, and up-regulated expression of HEMA1, HEMB and FAR1. In conclusion, exogenous ALA and H2S enhanced chlorophyll synthesis pathway, and thus improved the photosynthesis of pepper seedlings under chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lushan Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Feng N, Yu M, Li Y, Jin D, Zheng D. Prohexadione-calcium alleviates saline-alkali stress in soybean seedlings by improving the photosynthesis and up-regulating antioxidant defense. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112369. [PMID: 34090109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization seriously restricts the growth and yield of soybeans. However, little information is available on the early growth stages of soybeans which are subjected to the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca). This study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous Pro-Ca on saline-alkali stress-induced damages to photosynthesis and antioxidant defenses in soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings. At the V3 growth stage, salt-tolerant genotype Hefeng 50 (HF50) and salt-sensitive genotype Kenfeng 16 (KF16) were subjected to 110 mmol L-1 mixed saline-alkali stress respectively, and then 100 mg L-1 Pro-Ca was sprayed on the leaves. Our results showed that saline-alkali stress accelerated the degradation of thylakoids, inhibited chlorophyll synthesis, reduced shoot dry weight, electron transfer rate (ETR), and peroxidase (POD) activity, the concentration of ascorbic acid (AsA) and soluble sugar, but enhanced the concentration of proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the rate of superoxide radical (O2∙-) generation. Additionally, saline-alkali stress induced a lower decrease of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), potential activity of PSII (Fv/F0), and maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) in salt-tolerant HF50 than in salt-sensitive KF16. Nevertheless, foliar spraying of exogenous Pro-Ca increased the chlorophyll content, Pn, Fv/F0, and Fv/Fm. These results were more prominent when Pro-Ca was applied to KF16 under saline-alkali conditions. Furthermore, exogenous application of Pro-Ca retarded the degradation of thylakoids, increased the ETR and the accumulation of AsA, soluble sugar, and proline, activated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and POD, and decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), O2∙-, and H2O2. These results indicated that Pro-Ca could effectively protect soybean seedlings against damage from saline-alkali stress by regulating seedling phenotype, photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant defense, and osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China; Agricultural College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518108, China
| | - Minglong Yu
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China; Agricultural College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China; Agricultural College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China
| | - Dan Jin
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China; Agricultural College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agriculture Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China; Agricultural College of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518108, China.
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17
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Rhaman MS, Imran S, Karim MM, Chakrobortty J, Mahamud MA, Sarker P, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Robin AHK, Ye W, Murata Y, Hasanuzzaman M. 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated plant adaptive responses to abiotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1451-1469. [PMID: 33839877 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) modulates various defense systems in plants and confers abiotic stress tolerance. Enhancement of crop production is a challenge due to numerous abiotic stresses such as, salinity, drought, temperature, heavy metals, and UV. Plants often face one or more abiotic stresses in their life cycle because of the challenging growing environment which results in reduction of growth and yield. Diverse studies have been conducted to discern suitable mitigation strategies to enhance crop production by minimizing abiotic stress. Exogenous application of different plant growth regulators is a well-renowned approach to ameliorate adverse effects of abiotic stresses on crop plants. Among the numerous plant growth regulators, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a novel plant growth regulator, also well-known to alleviate the injurious effects of abiotic stresses in plants. ALA enhances abiotic stress tolerance as well as growth and yield by regulating photosynthetic and antioxidant machineries and nutrient uptake in plants. However, the regulatory roles of ALA in plants under different stresses have not been studied and assembled systematically. Also, ALA-mediated abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms have not been fully elucidated yet. Therefore, this review discusses the role of ALA in crop growth enhancement as well as its ameliorative role in abiotic stress mitigation and also discusses the ALA-mediated abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms and its limitation and future promises for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saidur Rhaman
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shahin Imran
- Department of Agronomy, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Masudul Karim
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jotirmoy Chakrobortty
- Department of Soil Science, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asif Mahamud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Prosenjit Sarker
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Bio-Functional Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Arif Hasan Khan Robin
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Wenxiu Ye
- Department of Plant Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Department of Bio-Functional Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
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18
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Alka S, Shahir S, Ibrahim N, Rahmad N, Haliba N, Abd Manan F. Histological and proteome analyses of Microbacterium foliorum-mediated decrease in arsenic toxicity in Melastoma malabathricum. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:336. [PMID: 34221807 PMCID: PMC8208456 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is an increasing threat across the globe, widely known as a non-threshold carcinogen, and it is reaching harmful values in several areas of the world. In this study, the effect of plant growth promoting bacteria (Microbacterium foliorum) on inorganic arsenic (Arsenate) phytoremediation by Melastoma malabathricum plants was investigated through histological analysis and proteome profiling of the M. malabathricum plants. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy were used to conduct the proteome and histological analysis. When arsenic-treated cells were compared to untreated cells, substantial changes were found (1) severely altered the morphology of the cells, intensely disturbed; (2) the cell wall was thicker; (3) drastically changed the cytoplasm, the cells were polygonal in shape, different in size (scattered), and relatively dense. Compared to the control group, the ultra-structure of the root cells of the control group revealed intact cytoplasm, vacuole, and cell wall under exposure to As + bacteria that had a minor effect on the cell form. To further understand As + bacteria interaction, proteome profiling of the root cell was analyzed. The As-induced oxidative stress enrichment was confirmed by the up-regulation of tubulin, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, and major allergen during As + bacteria exposure It was observed that the profusion of proteins involved in defence, protein biogenesis, signaling, photosynthesis, nucleoside and energy metabolism was greater in As + bacteria as compared to the rooting out of As only. Overall, it can be obviously seen that the current study demonstrates the effectiveness of phytoremediation by M. foliorum on proteins involved and responsive pathways in dealing with As toxicity in M. malabathricum plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Alka
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Shafinaz Shahir
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Norahim Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Norasfaliza Rahmad
- Agro-Biotechnology Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), c/o MARDI Headquater, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norhazalina Haliba
- University Industry Research Laboratory, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Fazilah Abd Manan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
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Ding Z, Alharbi S, Almaroai YA, Eissa MA. Improving quality of metal-contaminated soils by some halophyte and non-halophyte forage plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142885. [PMID: 33757255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Toxic elements cause degradation in agricultural land quality. Phytoremediation of polluted sites is the safest technique to sustain ecosystem. Field trial was established to examine the performance of two Atriplex species (A. numularia and A. amnicola) and two traditional forage plants (pearl millet and cowpea) cultivated on polluted sandy soil and clean one. The studied contaminated soil was irrigated with untreated sewage wastewater for more than 60 years and contained Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd levels excessed the permissible limits. The growth of Atriplex plants was not affected by the soil pollution, while the traditional forage plants lost 40-50% of their biomass. The roots biomass of Atriplex plants was higher by 54% than those of cowpea and pearl millet plants. The crude protein (CP) and chlorophyll in the tested species were reduced as a result of soil pollution, but the reduction was higher in pearl millet and cowpea than Atriplex plants. CP in Atriplex plants that were grown in the contaminated soil was reduced by 10%, while in the case of pearl millet and cowpea; the reduction was more than 20%. Atriplex plants were more effective in reducing the metal bioavailability than pearl millet and cowpea. Atriplex plants were able to protect the photosynthesis process in the presence of toxic elements; moreover, they produced some substances that increasing the resistance of toxic metal stress such as proline. The cultivation of metal-contaminated soil with Atriplex plants enhanced the soil quality and increased the aggregation and porosity of soil; besides, it reduced the soil salinity and concentration of toxic elements. Cultivation of halophyte and traditional fodder plants in contaminated lands is a good strategic management of the ecosystem, and the resulting plant may be used to feed animals due to their low content of pollutants or be recycled to soil organic amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheli Ding
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China
| | - Saif Alharbi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser A Almaroai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Research Laboratories Centre, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh A Eissa
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, China; Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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20
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Zhang D, Du Y, He D, Zhou D, Wu J, Peng J, Liu L, Liu Z, Yan M. Use of Comparative Transcriptomics Combined With Physiological Analyses to Identify Key Factors Underlying Cadmium Accumulation in Brassica juncea L. Front Genet 2021; 12:655885. [PMID: 33854528 PMCID: PMC8039530 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.655885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of soils with cadmium (Cd) has become a serious environmental issue that needs to be addressed. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation may facilitate the development of plants that accumulate both high and low amounts of Cd. In this study, a combination of phenotypic, physiological, and comparative transcriptomic analyses was performed to investigate the effects of different Cd concentrations (0, 5, 10, 30, 50 mg/kg) on Brassica juncea L. Our results suggest that B. juncea L. seedlings had a degree of tolerance to the 5 mg/kg Cd treatment, whereas higher Cd stress (10-50 mg/kg) could suppress the growth of B. juncea L. seedlings. The contents of soluble protein, as well as MDA (malondialdehyde), were increased, but the activities of CAT (catalase) enzymes and the contents of soluble sugar and chlorophyll were decreased, when B. juncea L. was under 30 and 50 mg/kg Cd treatment. Comparative transcriptomic analysis indicated that XTH18 (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase enzymes), XTH22, and XTH23 were down-regulated, but PME17 (pectin methylesterases) and PME14 were up-regulated, which might contribute to cell wall integrity maintenance. Moreover, the down-regulation of HMA3 (heavy metal ATPase 3) and up-regulation of Nramp3 (natural resistance associated macrophage proteins 3), HMA2 (heavy metal ATPase 2), and Nramp1 (natural resistance associated macrophage proteins 1) might also play roles in reducing Cd toxicity in roots. Taken together, the results of our study may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the response of B. juncea L. to various concentrations of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yunyan Du
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Dan He
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Dinggang Zhou
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Jiashi Peng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Lili Liu
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zhongsong Liu
- Oilseed Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Xiangtan, China
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21
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Wu Y, Liu N, Hu L, Liao W, Tang Z, Xiao X, Lyu J, Xie J, Calderón-Urrea A, Yu J. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Improves Morphogenesis and Na + Subcellular Distribution in the Apical Cells of Cucumis sativus L. Under Salinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:636121. [PMID: 33815443 PMCID: PMC8012848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.636121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity causes damage to plants and a reduction in output. A natural plant growth regulator, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), has been shown to promote plant growth under abiotic stress conditions. In the present study, we assessed the effects of exogenously applied ALA (25 mg L-1) on the root architecture and Na+ distribution of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings under moderate NaCl stress (50 mmol L-1). The results showed that exogenous ALA improved root length, root volume, root surface area, and cell activity in the root tips, which were inhibited under salt stress. In addition, although salinity stress increased the subcellular Na+ contents, such as those of the cell wall, nucleus, plastid, and mitochondria, ALA treatment reduced these Na+ contents, except the soluble fraction. Molecular biological analysis revealed that ALA application upregulated both the SOS1 and HA3 transcriptional and translational levels, which suggested that the excretion of Na+ into the cytoplasm cloud was promoted by exogenous ALA. Meanwhile, exogenously applied ALA also upregulated the gene and protein expression of NHX1 and VHA-A under salinity stress, which suggested that the compartmentalization of Na+ to the vacuole was enhanced. Overall, exogenous ALA mitigated the damage caused by NaCl in cucumber by enhancing Na+ redistribution and increasing the cytoactivity of root cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Alejandro Calderón-Urrea
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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22
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Rafique MI, Usman ARA, Ahmad M, Al-Wabel MI. Immobilization and mitigation of chromium toxicity in aqueous solutions and tannery waste-contaminated soil using biochar and polymer-modified biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129198. [PMID: 33310527 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the potential of Jujube (Ziziphus jujube L) wood waste-derived biochar (BC) and its derivative polymer-modified biochar (PBC) in removing hexavalent chromium (CrVI) from aqueous solutions and in achieving Cr stabilization in tannery waste-contaminated soil. BC was produced at three different pyrolysis temperature (300 °C, 500 °C, 700 °C) and was polymerized with acrylamide and N, N1 methylenebisacrylamide. The results showed that CrVI adsorption is a function of the pH and CrVI initial concentration of the solution. The PBC showed highest sorption efficiency for CrVI removal, which amounted to 76.4%-99.6% of the CrVI overall initial concentrations (5-40 mg L-1) at an initial pH of 2. In greenhouse, wheat (Triticum aestivum L) was cultivated as a test crop in pots with tannery waste-contaminated soil along with BCs and PBCs amendments. The BC and PBC amended soil showed 47.7% and 65% less Cr uptake by the plant roots in comparison with unamended soil, respectively. In addition, zero concentration of Cr in the plant shoots was noted with the PBC-amended soil, while the Cr concentration in the shoots was decreased by 89% with the BC-amended soil. Thus, it was concluded that BC and PBC have great potential in removing CrVI from aqueous phases and in decreasing the Cr mobility and bioavailability in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Rafique
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel R A Usman
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad I Al-Wabel
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Khan KY, Ali B, Stoffella PJ, Cui X, Yang X, Guo Y. Study amino acid contents, plant growth variables and cell ultrastructural changes induced by cadmium stress between two contrasting cadmium accumulating cultivars of Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis L. (pak choi). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110748. [PMID: 32470678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an inauspicious abiotic traction that not only influences crop productivity and its growth parameters, but also has adverse effects on human health if these crops are consumed. Among crops, leafy vegetables which are the good source of mineral and vitamins accumulate more Cd than other vegetables. It is thus important to study photosynthetic variables, amino acid composition, and ultrastructural localization of Cd differences in response to Cd accumulation between two low and high Cd accumulating Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis L. (pak choi) cultivars, differing in Cd accumulation ability. Elevated Cd concentrations significantly lowered plant growth rate, biomass, leaf gas exchange and concentrations of amino acids collated to respective controls of both cultivars. Electron microscopy indicated that the impact of high Cd level on ultrastructure of leaf cells was associated to affecting cell functionalities, i.e. irregular cell wall, withdrawal of cell membrane, and chloroplast structure which has negative impact on photosynthetic activities, thus causing considerable plant growth suppression. Damage in root cells were observed in the form of enlargement of vacuole. The energy dispersive micro X-ray spectroscopy of both cultivars leaves indicated that cellular structure exhibited exudates of Cd-dense material. Ultrastructural damages and phytotoxicity were more pronounced in high accumulator cultivar as compared to the low accumulator cultivar. These findings are useful in determining the mechanisms of differential Cd-tolerance among cultivars with different Cd tolerance abilities at cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Yasmin Khan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Barkat Ali
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Peter Joseph Stoffella
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34945, United States
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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24
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Sakarika M, Spanoghe J, Sui Y, Wambacq E, Grunert O, Haesaert G, Spiller M, Vlaeminck SE. Purple non-sulphur bacteria and plant production: benefits for fertilization, stress resistance and the environment. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1336-1365. [PMID: 31432629 PMCID: PMC7415370 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple non-sulphur bacteria (PNSB) are phototrophic microorganisms, which increasingly gain attention in plant production due to their ability to produce and accumulate high-value compounds that are beneficial for plant growth. Remarkable features of PNSB include the accumulation of polyphosphate, the production of pigments and vitamins and the production of plant growth-promoting substances (PGPSs). Scattered case studies on the application of PNSB for plant cultivation have been reported for decades, yet a comprehensive overview is lacking. This review highlights the potential of using PNSB in plant production, with emphasis on three key performance indicators (KPIs): fertilization, resistance to stress (biotic and abiotic) and environmental benefits. PNSB have the potential to enhance plant growth performance, increase the yield and quality of edible plant biomass, boost the resistance to environmental stresses, bioremediate heavy metals and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Here, the mechanisms responsible for these attributes are discussed. A distinction is made between the use of living and dead PNSB cells, where critical interpretation of existing literature revealed the better performance of living cells. Finally, this review presents research gaps that remain yet to be elucidated and proposes a roadmap for future research and implementation paving the way for a more sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Sakarika
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Janne Spanoghe
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Yixing Sui
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Eva Wambacq
- Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityV. Vaerwyckweg 19000GhentBelgium
| | - Oliver Grunert
- Greenyard Horticulture Belgium NVSkaldenstraat 7a9042GentBelgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityV. Vaerwyckweg 19000GhentBelgium
| | - Marc Spiller
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
| | - Siegfried E. Vlaeminck
- Research Group of Sustainable Air, Energy and Water TechnologyDepartment of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020AntwerpenBelgium
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25
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Su Y, Qin C, Begum N, Ashraf M, Zhang L. Acetylcholine ameliorates the adverse effects of cadmium stress through mediating growth, photosynthetic activity and subcellular distribution of cadmium in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110671. [PMID: 32344264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh), a well-known major neurotransmitter, plays a potential role in response to abiotic stresses. However, the mechanism of ACh-mediated cadmium (Cd) toxicity in tobacco seedlings is largely uncharacterized. In this study, a hydroponics experiment was conducted under 100 μM Cd stress in the presence or absence of ACh (50 μM) to investigate the potential effects of ACh on Cd toxicity. The results revealed that ACh application effectively alleviated Cd-induced reductions in plant growth, photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange attributes and improved the photosystem II activity. Ultrastructural observation indicated that Cd exposure ruptured the internal structure of chloroplasts, and even caused the accumulation of osmiophilic granules in chloroplasts, whereas these phenomena were alleviated by the addition of ACh. Cd stress also caused a marked increase in oxidative stress, as evidenced by the accumulation of O2- and H2O2, which were efficiently minimized after ACh application by up-regulating antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; glutathione reductase, GR). Besides, Cd stress considerably increased the levels of glutathione (GSH), Non-protein thiols (NPTs) and phytochelatins (PCs), whereas ACh application to Cd-stressed seedlings further increased those contents, thereby enhancing the tolerance of Cd-stressed plants. Moreover, exogenously applied ACh declined the accumulation of Cd and minimized the damage from Cd toxicity by modulating the distribution of Cd in the vacuole and cell wall. Therefore, these results provide insights into the ameliorative effects of ACh on Cd-induced a series of physiological reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Su
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Bassegio C, Santos RF, Bassegio D, de Souza SNM. Genotypic variation in growth and lead accumulation among Brassica juncea accessions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:1249-1258. [PMID: 32393051 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1759506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selecting (inter-varietal) Brassica juncea for tolerance to metal-contamination has been proposed as a strategy to develop superior genotypes for phytoextraction of lead (Pb) through selection and breeding techniques. To understand the differences among accessions of a single species to Pb accumulation, a pot experiment was conducted with three B. juncea accessions under levels of Pb added to the soil (0, 90, 180, and 540 mg kg-1). The duration of the growth period was 100 d. Pb concentration levels did not affect the flowering of B. juncea accessions. Plant height, shoot dry matter, and root dry matter were reduced linearly when soil Pb concentration increased to 540 mg kg-1. A significant interaction between Pb concentration levels and accessions was observed for Pb concentration in shoots and roots, indicating genotypic variation in Pb absorption. The concentration of Pb in shoots in accession PI 180266 was 51% higher compared to accessions PI 649105 and PI 432379 when soil Pb concentration increased to 540 mg kg-1. It can be concluded that the B. juncea accessions differed significantly in Pb uptake, and the selection of tolerant cultivars might be helpful for Pb phytoremediation of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiane Bassegio
- Department of Energy Engineering in Agriculture, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - Reginaldo Ferreira Santos
- Department of Energy Engineering in Agriculture, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
| | - Doglas Bassegio
- Department of Energy Engineering in Agriculture, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR, Brasil
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Rao G, Huang S, Ashraf U, Mo Z, Duan M, Pan S, Tang X. Ultrasonic seed treatment improved cadmium (Cd) tolerance in Brassica napus L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 185:109659. [PMID: 31541946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) affects crop growth and productivity by disrupting normal plant metabolism. To determinate whether ultrasonic (US) seed treatment can alleviate Cd stress in rape (Brassica napus L.), the seeds of two oilseed rape cultivars i.e., 'Youyanzao18' and 'Zaoshu104' were exposed to ultrasonic waves for 1 min at 20 KHz frequency. Seeds without US treatment were taken as control (CK). Results revealed that the germination rate of both cultivars was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in US treatment than CK only at 0 and 10 mg Cd L-1. The shoot and root length of both cultivars were significantly higher in US treatment than CK at all Cd treatments except the root length of Youyanzao18 at 50 mg Cd L-1. The fresh weight Youyanzao18 was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in US than CK except for Youyanzao18 at 25 mg Cd L-1. Moreover, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities and the proline, glutathione (GSH), and soluble protein contents in Youyanzao18 were relatively higher in the US treatment than CK. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were prominently reduced in US treatment than CK. The pods per plant, seeds per pod and rapeseed yield were increased by 15.9, 11.4, and 16.4% in Youyanzao18 and 10.3, 9.5, and 11.5% in Zaoshu104, respectively in US treatment, compared to CK. Moreover, the contents of Cd in root, stem, leaf, rape pod shell, and rapeseeds were comparatively less in US treatment than CK whereas the Cd concentrations in different plant parts of both rape cultivars were recorded as: leaf ˃ root ˃ stem ˃ rape pod shell ˃ rapeseed. In sum, the US treatment improved the morphological growth and rapeseed yield whereas reduced the Cd accumulation in different plant parts of rapeseed under Cd contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangshun Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Suihua Huang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Umair Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Meiyang Duan
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shenggang Pan
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Karmakar D, Padhy PK. Metals Uptake from Particulate Matter Through Foliar Transfer and Their Impact on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of S. robusta in a Tropical Forest, West Bengal, India. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:605-616. [PMID: 30652214 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matters deposition on the leaves of S. robusta were investigated during three different seasons in two tropical forests: Barjora forest, situated adjacent to heavy pollution sources, and the control, Ballavpur Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India. The purpose of this study is to measure the dust fall and foliar transfer of heavy metals (viz., Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, and Mn) and antioxidant enzyme activities (peroxidase, catalase) in S. robusta, including the measurement of heavy metals present in the suspended particulate matter in ambient air. Dust fall on leaves and the total metal accumulation capacity of the plant were the highest during winter season with metal accumulation index of 9.82. Based on two-way ANOVA, it has been shown that there is a statistically significant difference in dust fall between the two forests and in different seasons. From cluster analysis, correlation results, and principal component analysis, it was suggested that heavy metals in Barjora may be due to the traffic emission and various industrial activities. Increased levels of peroxidase and catalase activities and the presence of high levels of reactive oxygen species in the leaves of the Barjora forest was an indication of stress state in this forest. On the basis of these findings, controlling the emission of pollutants from industrial and vehicular activities in that area is highly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Karmakar
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Padhy
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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29
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Huang Y, Zhu Z, Wu X, Liu Z, Zou J, Chen Y, Su N, Cui J. Lower cadmium accumulation and higher antioxidative capacity in edible parts of Brassica campestris L. seedlings applied with glutathione under cadmium toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13235-13245. [PMID: 30900120 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is involved in not only plant developmental processes but also plant responses to abiotic stresses. A hydroponic experiment was performed to explore the protective roles of exogenous GSH in mitigating cadmium (Cd) stress in Brassica campestris L. seedlings by analyzing the morphological and physiological parameters. Results showed that Cd caused severe growth inhibition and Cd accumulation. However, application of GSH significantly mitigated toxic symptoms induced by Cd, including the improvement of the photosynthesis-, plant growth-, and root morphology-related parameters in seedlings under Cd stress. These responses were associated with a striking increase in activities of representative antioxidative enzymes and contents of corresponding non-enzymatic antioxidants. In vivo imaging of O2.- and H2O2, and the detection of lipid peroxidation further demonstrated that increased ability by GSH for Brassica campestris L. seedlings to endure Cd stress was consistent with a striking elevation of ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid (AsA/DHA). Additionally, GSH application increased Cd retained in roots, thus significantly decreased its translocation from root to shoot, ultimately decreased Cd accumulation in shoots. Taken together, our results proved evidence for GSH in ameliorating Cd toxicity via reducing Cd accumulation in shoots and increasing oxidation resistance. Accordingly, application of GSH could be a high-efficiency and promising strategy to decrease Cd concentration in edible parts of Brassica campestris L. in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengbo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zili Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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30
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Lavres J, Silveira Rabêlo FH, Capaldi FR, Dos Reis AR, Rosssi ML, Franco MR, Azevedo RA, Abreu-Junior CH, de Lima Nogueira N. Investigation into the relationship among Cd bioaccumulation, nutrient composition, ultrastructural changes and antioxidative metabolism in lettuce genotypes under Cd stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:578-589. [PMID: 30576893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is known to have high cadmium (Cd) concentrations in its shoots, which makes it necessary to protect against Cd toxicity. Understanding Cd-induced physiological responses in lettuce plants can contribute to the definition of useful strategies to decrease Cd uptake. This study aimed to gain new insights into Cd-induced stress by measuring Cd bioaccumulation, nutrient composition, anatomical and ultrastructural changes, and antioxidative metabolism in three lettuce genotypes characterized as having different degrees of Cd tolerance (Vanda = low, Lidia = medium and Stela = high). Plants were grown hydroponically with Cd concentrations of 0.0 and 0.1 or 0.5 μmol L-1, for 30 days. Cadmium uptake in the lettuce genotypes assayed is controlled by the root/shoot ratio, higher root/shoot ratios allowing greater Cd uptake. The Fe and Ni content increased in shoots of the genotype Lidia, which could be associated with a decrease in oxidative stress in chloroplasts due to superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozyme activity. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress is associated with de-structuring of the phloem and xylem in roots, and starch grain and plastoglobule accumulation in chloroplasts. Lettuce genotypes that presented higher SOD and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity presented better preserved anatomical structures. These results suggest that genotypes with less efficient antioxidant defence in the roots tend to take up more Cd, increasing root-to-shoot Cd translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lavres
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 13416-000 Piracicaba, Brazil.
| | | | - Flávia Regina Capaldi
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Lanzoni Rosssi
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 13416-000 Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Mônica Regina Franco
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Neusa de Lima Nogueira
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, 13416-000 Piracicaba, Brazil
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Hussain A, Rizwan M, Ali Q, Ali S. Seed priming with silicon nanoparticles improved the biomass and yield while reduced the oxidative stress and cadmium concentration in wheat grains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7579-7588. [PMID: 30661166 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is among the non-essential elements for the growth of crops while silicon (Si) is a beneficial element for plant growth. There is little evidence regarding the use of silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) on the reduction of Cd accumulation in crops especially wheat. The present study determined the impact of seed priming with Si NPs on Cd-induced responses in wheat in terms of growth, yield, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and Si and Cd accumulation in wheat. Seed priming was done by different levels of Si NPs (0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 mg/L) for 24 h by providing continuous aeration. Afterwards, seeds were sown in soil contaminated with Cd. The results depicted that Si NPs positively affected the wheat growth and chlorophyll contents over the control. The Si NPs diminished the oxidative stress and positively affected the antioxidant enzyme activity. The Si NPs decreased the Cd concentrations in wheat, especially in grains, and increased the Si concentrations in plants. The Si NPs reduced the Cd contents by 10-52% in shoot, by 11-60% in roots, and by 12-75% in grains as compared with respective controls. The study suggested that the use of Si NPs may be a tool for reducing the Cd toxicity in wheat and declining its concentration in grains. Thus, Si NPs application by seed priming method might be helpful in increasing plants biomass and yield while reducing the oxidative stress and Cd uptake in wheat grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzal Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Muhammad T, Zhang J, Ma Y, Li Y, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Liang Y. Overexpression of a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase SlMAPK3 Positively Regulates Tomato Tolerance to Cadmium and Drought Stress. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030556. [PMID: 30717451 PMCID: PMC6385007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation is a common defense response of plants to a range of abiotic stressors. SlMPK3, a serine-threonine protein kinase, has been reported as an important member of protein kinase cascade that also functions on plant stress tolerance. In this study, we cloned SlMPK3 from tomato and studied its role in cadmium (Cd2+) and drought tolerance. The results showed that transcripts of SlMAPK3 differentially accumulated in various plant tissues and were remarkably induced by different abiotic stressors and exogenous hormone treatments. Overexpression of SlMAPK3 increased tolerance to Cd2+ and drought as reflected by an increased germination rate and improved seedling growth. Furthermore, transgenic plants overexpressing SlMAPK3 showed an increased leaf chlorophyll content, root biomass accumulation and root activity under Cd2+ stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed that transgenic plants demonstrated an increased photosynthetic activity as well as contents of chlorophyll, proline, and sugar under drought stress. Notably, cadmium- and drought-induced oxidative stress was substantially attenuated in SlMAPK3 overexpressing plants as evidenced by lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and increased activity and transcript abundance of enzymatic antioxidants under stress conditions compared to that of wild-type. Our findings provide solid evidence that overexpression of SlMAPK3 gene in tomato positively regulates tolerance to Cd2+ and drought stress, which may have strengthen the molecular understanding of SlMAPK3 gene to improve abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayeb Muhammad
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yalin Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yushun Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Regions, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Yousaf MTB, Nawaz MF, Khawaja HF, Gul S, Ali S, Ahmad I, Rasul F, Rizwan M. Ecophysiological response of early stage Albizia lebbeck to cadmium toxicity and biochar addition. ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 2019; 12:134. [DOI: 10.1007/s12517-019-4296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Eissa MA, Abeed AHA. Growth and biochemical changes in quail bush (Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S.Wats) under Cd stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:628-635. [PMID: 30411292 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes have several advantages to be more effective in metal phytoextraction. Little is known about the Cd-phytoextraction potential of Atriplex lentiformis under different levels of Cd. Seven levels of Cd (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 mg per kg of soil) were added to A. lentiformis plants grown on pots filled with 5 kg of sandy loam soil. A. lentiformis plants achieve different defense mechanisms to meet the high concentration of Cd in the soil and plant. These mechanisms include reducing the number and area of leaves, minimizing chlorophyll synthesis, and enhancing synthesizing of oxalic acid, phenols, and proline. The critical point of Cd was 9.35 and 183 mg kg-1 for available soil Cd and leaves concentrations, respectively. The maximum level of Cd displayed a 66% decrease in the chlorophyll content of the leaves. On the other hand, the oxalic acid, phenols, and proline in the leaves were increased significantly by 129, 100, and 200% when Cd increased from 0 to 240 mg. The tested plant removed 3.6% of the total soil Cd under the low Cd concentration (40 mg) but under the high level of Cd (240 mg), it only removed a negligible amount of soil Cd (0.74%). The current study confirmed that A. lentiformis plants lost the ability to cleanup Cd from contaminated soil under the high levels of contamination due to the high reduction in the production of dry matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh A Eissa
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Amany H A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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35
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Farid M, Ali S, Saeed R, Rizwan M, Bukhari SAH, Abbasi GH, Hussain A, Ali B, Zamir MSI, Ahmad I. Combined application of citric acid and 5-aminolevulinic acid improved biomass, photosynthesis and gas exchange attributes of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) grown on chromium contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:760-767. [PMID: 30656967 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1556595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an important technique to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils due to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The present study was conducted to assess the synergistic role of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and citric acid (CA) in improving the phyto-extraction of chromium (Cr) by sunflower. Sunflower plants were grown in soil, spiked with different concentrations of Cr (0, 5, 10, 20 mg kg-1). Various concentrations of 5-ALA (0, 10, 20 mg L-1) and CA (0, 2.5, 5 mM) were applied exogenously at juvenile stage. A significant decrease was observed in biomass and agronomic traits of sunflower under Cr stress alone. Further, Cr toxicity significantly decreased the plant growth, soluble proteins and photosynthetic pigments. However, exogenously applied ALA and CA significantly improved the plants' physiological as well as agronomic attributes by lowering the production of reactive oxygen species and reducing electrolyte leakage. Moreover, Cr uptake was increased with increasing concentration of Cr in spiked soil, which was further enhanced by combined application of ALA and CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid Farid
- a Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus , Gujrat , Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- b Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Government College University , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Rashid Saeed
- a Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus , Gujrat , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- b Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Government College University , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Hassan Abbasi
- d Department of Soil Science , University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Afzal Hussain
- b Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Government College University , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- e Department of Agronomy , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | | | - Irfan Ahmad
- f Department of Forestry and Range Management , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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36
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Ding Y, Jian H, Wang T, Di F, Wang J, Li J, Liu L. Screening of candidate gene responses to cadmium stress by RNA sequencing in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32433-32446. [PMID: 30232771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress is one of the most serious threats to agriculture in the world. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop; however, Cd can easily accumulate in rapeseed and thus harm human health through the food chain. In the first experiment, our purpose was to measure the Cd accumulation in mature B. napus plants and its influences on fatty acid composition. The results showed that most Cd was accumulated in the root, and the seed fatty acid content was considerably different at different Cd toxicity levels. In the second experiment, 7-day-old B. napus seedlings stressed by Cd (1 mM) for 0 h (CK-0h), 24 h (T-24h), or 72 h (T-72h) were submitted to physiological and biological analyses, RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. In total, 5469 and 6769 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the comparisons of "CK-0h vs T-24h" and "CK-0h vs T-72h", respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that the photosynthetic and glutathione (GSH) pathways were significantly enriched in response to Cd stress. Key factors in the response to Cd stress included BnPCS1, BnGSTU12, BnGSTU5, and BnHMAs. The transcription factors BnWRKY11 (BnaA03g51590D), BnWRKY28 (BnaA03g43640D), BnWRKY33 (BnaA03g17820D), and BnWRKY75 (BnaA03g04160D) were upregulated after Cd exposure. The present study revealed that upregulation of the genes encoding GST and PCS under Cd stress promoted the formation of low-molecular weight complexes (PC-Cd), and upregulation of heavy metal ATPase genes induced PC-Cd transfer to vacuoles. These findings may provide the basis for the molecular mechanism of the response of B. napus to Cd.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics
- Aminoacyltransferases/genetics
- Aminoacyltransferases/metabolism
- Biological Transport
- Brassica napus/drug effects
- Brassica napus/genetics
- Brassica napus/metabolism
- Cadmium/metabolism
- Cadmium/pharmacology
- Crops, Agricultural/drug effects
- Crops, Agricultural/genetics
- Crops, Agricultural/metabolism
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Glutathione/genetics
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Humans
- Metals, Heavy/metabolism
- Metals, Heavy/pharmacology
- Photosynthesis
- Plant Development
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plant Roots/metabolism
- RNA, Plant/analysis
- Seedlings/metabolism
- Seeds/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Stress, Physiological
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Ding
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Hongju Jian
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Tengyue Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Feifei Di
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Liezhao Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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37
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Anwar A, Yan Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Yu X. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Improves Nutrient Uptake and Endogenous Hormone Accumulation, Enhancing Low-Temperature Stress Tolerance in Cucumbers. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113379. [PMID: 30380613 PMCID: PMC6275039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) increases plant tolerance to low-temperature stress, but the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that underlie its effects are not fully understood. To investigate them, cucumber seedlings were treated with different ALA concentrations (0, 15, 30 and 45 mg/L ALA) and subjected to low temperatures (12/8 °C day/night temperature). The another group (RT; regular temperature) was exposed to normal temperature (28/18 °C day/night temperature). Low-temperature stress decreased plant height, root length, leaf area, dry mass accumulation and the strong seedling index (SSI), chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis, leaf and root nutrient contents, antioxidant enzymatic activities, and hormone accumulation. Exogenous ALA application significantly alleviated the inhibition of seedling growth and increased plant height, root length, hypocotyl diameter, leaf area, and dry mass accumulation under low-temperature stress. Moreover, ALA increased chlorophyll content (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a+b, and Carotenoids) and photosynthetic capacity, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr), as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD, catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes, while decreasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2•−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under low-temperature stress. In addition, nutrient contents (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) and endogenous hormones (JA, IAA, BR, iPA, and ZR) were enhanced in roots and leaves, and GA4 and ABA were decreased. Our results suggest the up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities, nutrient contents, and hormone accumulation with the application of ALA increases tolerance to low-temperature stress, leading to improved cucumber seedling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Anwar
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yumei Liu
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Heze 274015, China.
| | - Yansu Li
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xianchang Yu
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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38
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Zia Ur Rehman M, Rinklebe J, Tsang DCW, Bashir A, Maqbool A, Tack FMG, Ok YS. Cadmium phytoremediation potential of Brassica crop species: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1175-1191. [PMID: 29727943 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal released into the environment through anthropogenic activities. Phytoremediation is a green technology used for the stabilization or remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. Brassica crop species can produce high biomass under a range of climatic and growing conditions, allowing for considerable uptake and accumulation of Cd, depending on species. These crop species can tolerate Cd stress via different mechanisms, including the stimulation of the antioxidant defense system, chelation, compartmentation of Cd into metabolically inactive parts, and accumulation of total amino-acids and osmoprotectants. A higher Cd-stress level, however, overcomes the defense system and may cause oxidative stress in Brassica species due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, numerous approaches have been followed to decrease Cd toxicity in Brassica species, including selection of Cd-tolerant cultivars, the use of inorganic and organic amendments, exogenous application of soil organisms, and employment of plant-growth regulators. Furthermore, the coupling of genetic engineering with cropping may also help to alleviate Cd toxicity in Brassica species. However, several field studies demonstrated contrasting results. This review suggests that the combination of Cd-tolerant Brassica cultivars and the application of soil amendments, along with proper agricultural practices, may be the most efficient means of the soil Cd phytoattenuation. Breeding and selection of Cd-tolerant species, as well as species with higher biomass production, might be needed in the future when aiming to use Brassica species for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Arooj Bashir
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arosha Maqbool
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - F M G Tack
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Semida WM, Hemida KA, Rady MM. Sequenced ascorbate-proline-glutathione seed treatment elevates cadmium tolerance in cucumber transplants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:171-179. [PMID: 29471279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During its life cycle, plant has to cope with a number of abiotic stresses including cadmium stress. Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to plant and greatly influences its growth and entire metabolism. Antioxidants have to enable plant to beat such stresses. Therefore, effects of ascorbate (AsA), proline (Pro) and glutathione (GSH) applied, as seed soaking solutions, singly or in a sequence on cucumber transplant growth, physio-biochemical attributes and antioxidant defense system activity were investigated under 2 mM Cd stress. Adding Cd to transplants in irrigation water reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and nutrient (K+ and Ca2+) contents, while increased the activity of defense systems (non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants) and Cd2+ contents in roots and leaves. Exogenous AsA, Pro and GSH applied singly or in a sequence improved transplant growth (e.g., shoot length, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight), photosynthetic efficiency (i.e., SPAD chlorophyll, Fv/Fm and PI), transplant health (i.e., increased leaf MSI and RWC, and decreased root and leaf Cd2+ contents), antioxidant defense systems activity (enzymatic; superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase, and non-enzymatic; Pro, AsA and GSH antioxidants) and nutrient (K+ and Ca2+) contents. These positive results were obtained under irrigation with or without Cd, AsA. Sequenced AsA-Pro-GSH was the best treatment of which this study recommends to use, followed by GSH treatment, for growing cucumber transplants under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M Semida
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Khaulood A Hemida
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt.
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Wu Y, Jin X, Liao W, Hu L, Dawuda MM, Zhao X, Tang Z, Gong T, Yu J. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) Alleviated Salinity Stress in Cucumber Seedlings by Enhancing Chlorophyll Synthesis Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:635. [PMID: 29868088 PMCID: PMC5962685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a common precursor of tetrapyrroles as well as a crucial growth regulator in higher plants. ALA has been proven to be effective in improving photosynthesis and alleviating the adverse effects of various abiotic stresses in higher plants. However, little is known about the mechanism of ALA in ameliorating the photosynthesis of plant under abiotic stress. In this paper, we studied the effects of exogenous ALA on salinity-induced damages of photosynthesis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. We found that the morphology (plant height, leave area), light utilization capacity of PS II [qL, Y(II)] and gas exchange capacity (Pn, gs, Ci, and Tr) were significantly retarded under NaCl stress, but these parameters were all recovered by the foliar application of 25 mg L-1 ALA. Besides, salinity caused heme accumulation and up-regulation of gene expression of ferrochelatase (HEMH) with suppression of other genes involved in chlorophyll synthesis pathway. Exogenously application of ALA under salinity down-regulated the heme content and HEMH expression, but increased the gene expression levels of glutamyl-tRNA reductase (HEMA1), Mg-chelatase (CHLH), and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). Moreover, the contents of intermediates involved in chlorophyll branch were increased by ALA, including protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto IX, protochlorophyllide (Pchlide), and chlorophyll (Chl a and Chl b) under salt stress. Ultrastructural observation of mesophyll cell showed that the damages of photosynthetic apparatus under salinity were fixed by ALA. Collectively, the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway was enhanced by exogenous ALA to improve the tolerance of cucumber under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mohammed M. Dawuda
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Xingjie Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Gong
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jihua Yu,
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Kaur R, Yadav P, Sharma A, Kumar Thukral A, Kumar V, Kaur Kohli S, Bhardwaj R. Castasterone and citric acid treatment restores photosynthetic attributes in Brassica juncea L. under Cd(II) toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:466-475. [PMID: 28780445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium(II) toxicity is a serious environmental issue warranting effective measures for its mitigation. In the present study, ameliorative effects of a bioactive brassinosteroid, castasterone (CS) and low molecular weight organic acid, citric acid (CA) against the Cd(II) toxicity to Brassica juncea L. were evaluated. Seeds of B. juncea treated with CS (0, 0.01, 1 and 100nM) were sown in cadmium spiked soils (0 and 0.6mmolkg-1 soil). CA (0.6mmolkg-1soil) was added to soil one week after sowing seeds. Plants were harvested 30 days after sowing. Phytotoxicity induced by Cd(II) was evident from stunted growth of the plants, malondialdehyde accumulation, reduction in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and leaf gas exchange parameters. Cd(II) toxicity was effectively alleviated by seed soaking with CS (100nM) and/ or soil amendment with CA (0.6mMkg-1 soil). Relative gene expression of genes encoding for some of the key enzymes of pigment metabolism were also analysed. Expression of chlorophyllase (CHLASE) was reduced, while that of phytoene synthase (PSY), and chalcone synthase (CHS) genes were enhanced with CS and/or CA treatments with respect to plants treated with Cd(II) only. Cd also affected the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Plants responded to Cd(II) by accumulation of total sugars. CS (100nM) and CA treatments further enhanced the activities of these parameters and induced the contents of secondary plant pigments (flavonoids and anthocyanins) and proline. The results imply that seed treatment with CS and soil application with CA can effectively alleviate Cd(II) induced toxicity in B. juncea by strengthening its antioxidative defence system and enhancing compatible solute accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravdeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Department of Botany, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar 144012, Punjab, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thukral
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; Department of Botany, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar 144012, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Zaheer Akbar M, Shakoor MB, Mahmood A, Ishaque W, Hussain A. Foliar application of aspartic acid lowers cadmium uptake and Cd-induced oxidative stress in rice under Cd stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21938-21947. [PMID: 28780693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of farmland soils is a widespread problem around the globe, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) tends to accumulate more Cd and is considered as one of the major sources of Cd intake in humans, especially consuming rice-derived products. The current study investigated the effects of foliar applied aspartic acid (Asp) on growth parameters, biomass, chlorophyll concentration, gas exchange characteristics, Cd uptake, and antioxidative capacity in the shoots and roots of rice seedlings exposed to Cd stress. For this, 30-day-old rice nursery was transferred in the soil with aged Cd contamination (2.86 mg kg-1). After 2 weeks of growth, different concentrations (0, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1) of Asp were foliar applied four times with a 7-day interval, and the crop was harvested after 10 weeks of transplanting. Foliar applied Asp increased the plant height, shoot and root dry weight, chlorophyll concentration, and gas exchange parameters, while it reduced the Cd concentrations in both shoots and roots as well as shoot to root Cd translocation factor compared to the control. Foliar application of Asp reduced the malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage in rice parts compared to the control in a dose-additive manner. The activities of key antioxidant enzymes increased while peroxidase activity decreased by exogenous Asp. The increase in plant weight and photosynthesis might be due to lower Cd concentrations in plants which may reduce the oxidative stress and also help the plants to minimize direct damage caused by Cd to the photosynthetic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaheer Akbar
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Shakoor
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abid Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Ishaque
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Ma Q, Cao X, Ma J, Tan X, Xie Y, Xiao H, Wu L. Hexavalent chromium stress enhances the uptake of nitrate but reduces the uptake of ammonium and glycine in pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:384-393. [PMID: 28189780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) pollution affects plant growth and biochemical processes, so, the relative uptake of glycine, nitrate, and ammonium by pak choi (Brassica chinensis) seedlings in treatments with 0mgL-1 and 10mgL-1 Cr (VI) were detected by substrate-specific 15N-labelling in a sterile environment. The short-term uptake of 15N-labelled sources and 15N-enriched amino acids were detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry to explore the mechanism by which Cr stress affects glycine uptake and metabolism, which showing that Cr stress hindered the uptake of ammonium and glycine but increased significantly the uptake of nitrate. Cr stress did not decrease the active or passive uptake of glycine, but it inhibited the conversion of glycine to serine in pak choi roots, indicating that the metabolism of glycine to serine in roots, rather than the root uptake, was the limiting step in glycine contribution to total N uptake in pak choi. Since Cr affects the relative uptake of different N sources, a feasible way to reduce Cr-induced stress is application of selective fertilization, in particular nitrate, in pak choi cultivation on Cr-polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxu Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaochuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jinzhao Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yinan Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lianghuan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Pompeu GB, Vilhena MB, Gratão PL, Carvalho RF, Rossi ML, Martinelli AP, Azevedo RA. Abscisic acid-deficient sit tomato mutant responses to cadmium-induced stress. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:771-783. [PMID: 27263082 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a very effective cross-talk between signals triggered by reactive oxygen species and hormonal responses in plants, activating proteins/enzymes likely to be involved in stress tolerance. Abscisic acid (ABA) is known as a stress hormone that takes part in the integration of signals. This work aimed to characterize the biochemical response and ultrastructural changes induced by cadmium (Cd) in the Micro-Tom (MT) sitiens ABA-deficient mutant (sit) and its wild-type (MT) counterpart. MT and sit plants were grown over a 96-h period in the presence of Cd (0, 10, and 100 μM CdCl2). The overall results indicated increases in lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide content and in the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase in both genotypes. On the other hand, no alteration was observed in chlorophyll content, while the activity of another antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, remained constant or even decreased in the presence of Cd. Roots and shoots of the sit mutant and MT were analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy in order to characterize the structural changes caused by the exposure to this metal. Cd caused a decrease in intercellular spaces in shoots and a decrease in cell size in roots of both genotypes. In leaves, Cd affected organelle shape and internal organization of the thylakoid membranes, whereas noticeable increase in the number of mitochondria and vacuoles in MT and sit roots were observed. These results add new information that should help unravel the relative importance of ABA in regulating the cell responses to stressful conditions induced by Cd apart from providing the first characterization of this mutant to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia B Pompeu
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Milca B Vilhena
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila L Gratão
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias-FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério F Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias-FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica L Rossi
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura-CENA, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana P Martinelli
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura-CENA, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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An Y, Feng X, Liu L, Xiong L, Wang L. ALA-Induced Flavonols Accumulation in Guard Cells Is Involved in Scavenging H 2O 2 and Inhibiting Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis Cotyledons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1713. [PMID: 27895660 PMCID: PMC5108921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a new plant growth regulator, can inhibit stomatal closure by reducing H2O2 accumulation in guard cells. Flavonols are a main kind of flavonoids and have been proposed as H2O2 scavengers in guard cells. 5-aminolevulinic acid can significantly improve flavonoids accumulation in plants. However, whether ALA increases flavonols content in guard cells and the role of flavonols in ALA-regulated stomatal movement remains unclear. In this study, we first demonstrated that ALA pretreatment inhibited ABA-induced stomatal closure by reducing H2O2 accumulation in guard cells of Arabidopsis seedlings. This result confirms the inhibitory effect of ALA on stomatal closure and the important role of decreased H2O2 accumulation in this process. We also found that ALA significantly improved flavonols accumulation in guard cells using a flavonol-specific dye. Furthermore, using exogenous quercetin and kaempferol, two major components of flavonols in Arabidopsis leaves, we showed that flavonols accumulation inhibited ABA-induced stomatal movement by suppressing H2O2 in guard cells. Finally, we showed that the inhibitory effect of ALA on ABA-induced stomatal closure was largely impaired in flavonoid-deficient transparent testa4 (tt4) mutant. In addition, exogenous flavonols recovered stomatal responses of tt4 to the wild-type levels. Taken together, we conclude that ALA-induced flavonol accumulation in guard cells is partially involved in the inhibitory effect of ALA on ABA-induced H2O2 accumulation and stomatal closure. Our data provide direct evidence that ALA can regulate stomatal movement by improving flavonols accumulation, revealing new insights into guard cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liangju Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
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Ding H, Wang G, Lou L, Lv J. Physiological responses and tolerance of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) exposed to chromium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 133:509-18. [PMID: 27553521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Selection of kenaf species with chromium (Cr) tolerance and exploring the physiological mechanisms involved in Cr tolerance are crucial for application of these species to phyto-remediation. In the present study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the variation in two kenaf cultivars, K39-2 and Zhe50-3 under Cr stress. At the same Cr concentration, the tolerance index (TI) of K39-2 was higher than that of Zhe50-3, indicating that K39-2 may be more tolerant to Cr than Zhe50-3. It was also observed that high concentration of chromium was accumulated both in the shoots and the roots of Hibiscus cannabinus L. The leaves of K39-2 accumulated 4760.28mgkg(-1) of dry weight under 1.50mM Cr stress, and the roots accumulated 11,958.33mgkg(-1). Physiological response shows that the antioxidant enzymes' superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities increased in the leaves and decreased in roots of the Cr-stressed plants nearly compared to the control. Moreover, the variation of antioxidant enzymes activities indicated Zhe50-3 was more vulnerable than K39-2, and the contents of the non-protein thiol pool (GSH, NPT and PCs) were higher in K39-2 than Zhe50-3 with the increased Cr concentration. Based on the observations above, it can be concluded that the well-coordinated physiological changes confer a greater Cr tolerance to K39-2 than Zhe50-3 under Cr exposure, and Hibiscus cannabinus L. has a great accumulation capacity for chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ding
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Guodong Wang
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lili Lou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jinyin Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Ma J, Sheng H, Li X, Wang L. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals the mechanisms of silicon-mediated cadmium tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 104:71-80. [PMID: 27017433 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) can alleviate cadmium (Cd) stress in rice (Oryza sativa) plants, however, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms at the single-cell level remains limited. To address these questions, we investigated suspension cells of rice cultured in the dark environment in the absence and presence of Si with either short- (12 h) or long-term (5 d) Cd treatments using a combination of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), fluorescent staining, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). We identified 100 proteins differentially regulated by Si under the short- or long-term Cd stress. 70% of these proteins were down-regulated, suggesting that Si may improve protein use efficiency by maintaining cells in the normal physiological status. Furthermore, we showed two different mechanisms for Si-mediated Cd tolerance. Under the short-term Cd stress, the Si-modified cell walls inhibited the uptake of Cd ions into cells and consequently reduced the expressions of glycosidase, cell surface non-specific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs), and several stress-related proteins. Under the long-term Cd stress, the amount of Cd in the cytoplasm in Si-accumulating (+Si) cells was decreased by compartmentation of Cd into vacuoles, thus leading to a lower expression of glutathione S-transferases (GST). These results provide protein-level insights into the Si-mediated Cd detoxification in rice single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huachun Sheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Cuypers A, Hendrix S, Amaral dos Reis R, De Smet S, Deckers J, Gielen H, Jozefczak M, Loix C, Vercampt H, Vangronsveld J, Keunen E. Hydrogen Peroxide, Signaling in Disguise during Metal Phytotoxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:470. [PMID: 27199999 PMCID: PMC4843763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to excess metals are challenged by an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide ([Formula: see text]), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical ((•)OH). The mechanisms underlying this oxidative challenge are often dependent on metal-specific properties and might play a role in stress perception, signaling and acclimation. Although ROS were initially considered as toxic compounds causing damage to various cellular structures, their role as signaling molecules became a topic of intense research over the last decade. Hydrogen peroxide in particular is important in signaling because of its relatively low toxicity, long lifespan and its ability to cross cellular membranes. The delicate balance between its production and scavenging by a plethora of enzymatic and metabolic antioxidants is crucial in the onset of diverse signaling cascades that finally lead to plant acclimation to metal stress. In this review, our current knowledge on the dual role of ROS in metal-exposed plants is presented. Evidence for a relationship between H2O2 and plant metal tolerance is provided. Furthermore, emphasis is put on recent advances in understanding cellular damage and downstream signaling responses as a result of metal-induced H2O2 production. Finally, special attention is paid to the interaction between H2O2 and other signaling components such as transcription factors, mitogen-activated protein kinases, phytohormones and regulating systems (e.g. microRNAs). These responses potentially underlie metal-induced senescence in plants. Elucidating the signaling network activated during metal stress is a pivotal step to make progress in applied technologies like phytoremediation of polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt UniversityDiepenbeek, Belgium
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Farooq MA, Gill RA, Islam F, Ali B, Liu H, Xu J, He S, Zhou W. Methyl Jasmonate Regulates Antioxidant Defense and Suppresses Arsenic Uptake in Brassica napus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:468. [PMID: 27148299 PMCID: PMC4826882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is an important plant growth regulator, involved in plant defense against abiotic stresses, however, its possible function in response to metal stress is poorly understood. In the present study, the effect of MJ on physiological and biochemical changes of the plants exposed to arsenic (As) stress were investigated in two Brassica napus L. cultivars (ZS 758 - a black seed type, and Zheda 622 - a yellow seed type). The As treatment at 200 μM was more phytotoxic, however, its combined application with MJ resulted in significant increase in leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, biomass production and reduced malondialdehyde content compared with As stressed plants. The application of MJ minimized the oxidative stress, as revealed via a lower level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis (H2O2 and OH(-)) in leaves and the maintenance of high redox states of glutathione and ascorbate. Enhanced enzymatic activities and gene expression of important antioxidants (SOD, APX, CAT, POD), secondary metabolites (PAL, PPO, CAD) and induction of lypoxygenase gene suggest that MJ plays an effective role in the regulation of multiple transcriptional pathways which were involved in oxidative stress responses. The content of As was higher in yellow seeded plants (cv. Zheda 622) as compared to black seeded plants (ZS 758). The application of MJ significantly reduced the As content in leaves and roots of both cultivars. Findings of the present study reveal that MJ improves ROS scavenging through enhanced antioxidant defense system, secondary metabolite and reduced As contents in both the cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Rafaqat A. Gill
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F UniversityLin’an, China
- *Correspondence: Weijun Zhou, ; Hongbo Liu,
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Quzhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesQuzhou, China
| | - Shuiping He
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weijun Zhou, ; Hongbo Liu,
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Gill RA, Ali B, Islam F, Farooq MA, Gill MB, Mwamba TM, Zhou W. Physiological and molecular analyses of black and yellow seeded Brassica napus regulated by 5-aminolivulinic acid under chromium stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:130-43. [PMID: 26079286 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassica napus L. is a promising oilseed crop among the oil producing species. So, it is prime concern to screen the metal tolerant genotypes in order to increase the oilseed rape production through the utilization of pollutant soil regimes. Nowadays, use of plant growth regulators against abiotic stress is one of the major objectives of researchers. In this study, an attempt was carried out to analyze the pivotal role of exogenously applied 5-amenolevulinic acid (ALA) on alleviating chromium (Cr)-toxicity in black and yellow seeded B. napus. Plants of two cultivars (ZS 758 - a black seed type, and Zheda 622 - a yellow seed type) were treated with 400 μM Cr with or without 15 and 30 mg/L ALA. Results showed that exogenously applied ALA improved the plant growth and increased ALA contents; however, it decreased the Cr concentration in B. napus leaves under Cr-toxicity. Moreover, exogenous ALA reduced oxidative stress by up-regulating antioxidant enzyme activities and their related gene expression. Further, results suggested that stress responsive protein's transcript level such as HSP90-1 and MT-1 were increased under Cr stress alone in both cultivars. Exogenously applied ALA further enhanced the expression rate in both genotypes and obviously results were found in favor of cultivar ZS 758. The ultrastructural changes were observed more obvious in yellow seeded than black seeded cultivar; however, exogenously applied ALA helped the plants to recover their cell turgidity under Cr stress. The present study describes a detailed molecular mechanism how ALA regulates the plant growth by improving antioxidant machinery and related transcript levels, cellular modification as well as stress related genes expression under Cr-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaqat A Gill
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad A Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad B Gill
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Theodore M Mwamba
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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