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Lee HY, Cho DY, Jeong JB, Lee JH, Lee GY, Jang MY, Lee JH, Cho KM. Chemical Compositions before and after Lactic Acid Fermentation of Isoflavone-Enriched Soybean Leaves and Their Anti-Obesity and Gut Microbiota Distribution Effects. Nutrients 2024; 16:1693. [PMID: 38892626 PMCID: PMC11174423 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared fermented products of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (IESLs) and analyzed their nutrients, isoflavones, anti-obesity efficacy, and effects on gut microbiota. Fermented IESLs (FIESLs) were found to be rich in nutrients, especially lauric acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. In addition, the concentrations of most essential free amino acids were increased compared to those of IESLs. The contents of bioactive compounds, such as total phenolic, total flavonoid, daidzein, and genistein, significantly increased as well. In addition, FIESLs administration in a high-fat diet (HFD) animal model improved the final body weight, epididymal fat, total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, blood glucose, and leptin levels, as well as reverting microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, these findings indicate that FIESLs have the potential to inhibit obesity caused by HFDs and serve as a modulator of gut microbiota, offering the prevention of diet-induced gut dysbiosis and metabolite diseases associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yul Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Yong Cho
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bin Jeong
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Lee
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Yeun Jang
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-Daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye-Man Cho
- Department of Green Bio Science and Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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2
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Chae YR, Lee YR, Kim YS, Park HY. Diet-Induced Gut Dysbiosis and Leaky Gut Syndrome. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:747-756. [PMID: 38321650 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2312.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Chronic gut inflammation promotes the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity. There is growing evidence which suggests that dysbiosis in gut microbiota and metabolites disrupt the integrity of the intestinal barrier and significantly impact the level of inflammation in various tissues, including the liver and adipose tissues. Moreover, dietary sources are connected to the development of leaky gut syndrome through their interaction with the gut microbiota. This review examines the effects of these factors on intestinal microorganisms and the communication pathways between the gut-liver and gut-brain axis. The consumption of diets rich in fats and carbohydrates has been found to weaken the adherence of tight junction proteins in the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, this allows endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides produced by detrimental bacteria, to permeate through portal veins, leading to metabolic endotoxemia and alterations in the gut microbiome composition with reduced production of metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. However, the precise correlation between gut microbiota and alternative sweeteners remains uncertain, necessitating further investigation. This study highlights the significance of exploring the impact of diet on gut microbiota and the underlying mechanisms in the gut-liver and gut-brain axis. Nevertheless, limited research on the gut-liver axis poses challenges in comprehending the intricate connections between diet and the gut-brain axis. This underscores the need for comprehensive studies to elucidate the intricate gut-brain mechanisms underlying intestinal health and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rim Chae
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ra Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea National University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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3
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Smith AM, Challagundla L, McGee IG, Warfield ZJ, Santos CDSE, Garrett MR, Grayson BE. Temporal shifts to the gut microbiome associated with cognitive dysfunction following high-fat diet consumption in a juvenile model of traumatic brain injury. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:301-316. [PMID: 38145288 PMCID: PMC11283908 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00113.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis interconnects the central nervous system (CNS) and the commensal bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract. The composition of the diet consumed by the host influences the richness of the microbial populations. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces profound neurocognitive damage, but it is unknown how diet influences the microbiome following TBI. The present work investigates the impact of a chow diet versus a 60% fat diet (HFD) on fecal microbiome populations in juvenile rats following TBI. Twenty-day-old male rats were placed on one of two diets for 9 days before sustaining either a Sham or TBI via the Closed Head Injury Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA). Fecal samples were collected at both 1- and 9-days postinjury. Animals were cognitively assessed in the novel object recognition tests at 8 days postinjury. Fecal microbiota DNA was isolated and sequenced. Twenty days of HFD feeding did not alter body weight, but fat mass was elevated in HFD compared with Chow rats. TBI animals had a greater percentage of entries to the novel object quadrant than Sham counterparts, P < 0.05. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly higher in TBI than in the Sham, P < 0.05. Microbiota of the Firmicutes lineage exhibited perturbations by both injury and diet that were sustained at both time points. Linear regression analyses were performed to associate bacteria with metabolic and neurocognitive endpoints. For example, counts of Lachnospiraceae were negatively associated with percent entries into the novel object quadrant. Taken together, these data suggest that both diet and injury produce robust shifts in microbiota, which may have long-term implications for chronic health.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces memory and learning difficulties. Diet profoundly influences the populations of gut microbiota. Following traumatic brain injury in a pediatric model consuming either a healthy or high-fat diet (HFD), significant shifts in bacterial populations occur, of which, some are associated with diet, whereas others are associated with neurocognitive performance. More work is needed to determine whether these microbes can therapeutically improve learning following trauma to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie M Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Lavanya Challagundla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ian G McGee
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Zyra J Warfield
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | | | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Bernadette E Grayson
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
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Kincaid JWR, Rimmington D, Tadross JA, Cimino I, Zvetkova I, Kaser A, Richards P, Patel S, O'Rahilly S, Coll AP. The gastrointestinal tract is a major source of the acute metformin-stimulated rise in GDF15. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1899. [PMID: 38253650 PMCID: PMC10803367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The hormone GDF15 is secreted in response to cellular stressors. Metformin elevates circulating levels of GDF15, an action important for the drug's beneficial effects on body weight. Metformin can also inhibit mammalian respiratory complex I, leading to decreases in ATP:AMP ratio, activation of AMP Kinase (AMPK), and increased GDF15 production. We undertook studies using a range of mice with tissue-specific loss of Gdf15 (namely gut, liver and global deletion) to determine the relative contributions of two classical metformin target tissues, the gut and liver, to the elevation of GDF15 seen with metformin. In addition, we performed comparative studies with another pharmacological agent, the AMP kinase pan-activator, MK-8722. Deletion of Gdf15 from the intestinal epithelium significantly reduced the circulating GDF15 response to oral metformin, whereas deletion of Gdf15 from the liver had no effect. In contrast, deletion of Gdf15 from the liver, but not the gut, markedly reduced circulating GDF15 responses to MK-8722. Further, our data show that, while GDF15 restricts high-fat diet-induced weight gain, the intestinal production of GDF15 is not necessary for this effect. These findings add to the body of evidence implicating the intestinal epithelium in key aspects of the pharmacology of metformin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W R Kincaid
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Debra Rimmington
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John A Tadross
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Genomics Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- NHS East Genomic Laboratory Hub, East Genomics, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Irene Cimino
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ilona Zvetkova
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paul Richards
- Kallyope, Inc., 430 East 29th, Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Satish Patel
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anthony P Coll
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Makhlouf M, Souza DG, Kurian S, Bellaver B, Ellis H, Kuboki A, Al-Naama A, Hasnah R, Venturin GT, Costa da Costa J, Venugopal N, Manoel D, Mennella J, Reisert J, Tordoff MG, Zimmer ER, Saraiva LR. Short-term consumption of highly processed diets varying in macronutrient content impair the sense of smell and brain metabolism in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101837. [PMID: 37977411 PMCID: PMC10724696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food processing greatly contributed to increased food safety, diversity, and accessibility. However, the prevalence of highly palatable and highly processed food in our modern diet has exacerbated obesity rates and contributed to a global health crisis. While accumulating evidence suggests that chronic consumption of such foods is detrimental to sensory and neural physiology, it is unclear whether its short-term intake has adverse effects. Here, we assessed how short-term consumption (<2 months) of three diets varying in composition and macronutrient content influence olfaction and brain metabolism in mice. METHODS The diets tested included a grain-based standard chow diet (CHOW; 54% carbohydrate, 32% protein, 14% fat; #8604 Teklad Rodent diet , Envigo Inc.), a highly processed control diet (hpCTR; 70% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 10% fat; #D12450B, Research Diets Inc.), and a highly processed high-fat diet (hpHFD; 20% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 60% fat; #D12492, Research Diets Inc.). We performed behavioral and metabolic phenotyping, electro-olfactogram (EOG) recordings, brain glucose metabolism imaging, and mitochondrial respirometry in different brain regions. We also performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) in the nose and across several brain regions, and conducted differential expression analysis, gene ontology, and network analysis. RESULTS We show that short-term consumption of the two highly processed diets, but not the grain-based diet, regardless of macronutrient content, adversely affects odor-guided behaviors, physiological responses to odorants, transcriptional profiles in the olfactory mucosa and brain regions, and brain glucose metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. CONCLUSIONS Even short periods of highly processed food consumption are sufficient to cause early olfactory and brain abnormalities, which has the potential to alter food choices and influence the risk of developing metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Débora G Souza
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Bellaver
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hillary Ellis
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Akihito Kuboki
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Reem Hasnah
- Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gianina Teribele Venturin
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Julie Mennella
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Johannes Reisert
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael G Tordoff
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Luis R Saraiva
- Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar; Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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6
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Jia X, Chen Q, Wu H, Liu H, Jing C, Gong A, Zhang Y. Exploring a novel therapeutic strategy: the interplay between gut microbiota and high-fat diet in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1291853. [PMID: 38192650 PMCID: PMC10773723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1291853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the rapid increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, has been attributed to high-fat diets (HFD) and decreased physical activity levels. Although the phenotypes and pathologies of these metabolic diseases vary, patients with these diseases exhibit disease-specific alterations in the composition and function of their gut microbiota. Studies in germ-free mice have shown that both HFD and gut microbiota can promote the development of metabolic diseases, and HFD can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota. Therefore, investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and HFD in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. This review takes HFD as the starting point, providing a detailed analysis of the pivotal role of HFD in the development of metabolic disorders. It comprehensively elucidates the impact of HFD on the balance of intestinal microbiota, analyzes the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota dysbiosis leading to metabolic disruptions, and explores the associated genetic factors. Finally, the potential of targeting the gut microbiota as a means to address metabolic disturbances induced by HFD is discussed. In summary, this review offers theoretical support and proposes new research avenues for investigating the role of nutrition-related factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chunying Jing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Aimin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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7
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Chen A, Jiang Z, Cai L, Tang D. On the road to colorectal cancer development: crosstalk between the gut microbiota, metabolic reprogramming, and epigenetic modifications. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:631-641. [PMID: 37586059 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported the role of gut microbes in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, as they can be influenced by dietary metabolism and mediate alterations in host epigenetics, ultimately affecting CRC. Intake of specific dietary components can affect gut microbial composition and function, and their metabolism regulates important epigenetic functions that may influence CRC risk. Gut microbes can regulate epigenetic modifications through nutrient metabolism, including histone modification, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs. Epigenetics, in turn, determines the gut microbial composition and thus influences the risk of developing CRC. This review discusses the complex crosstalk between metabolic reprogramming, gut microbiota, and epigenetics in CRC and highlights the potential applications of the gut microbiota as a biomarker for the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Lingli Cai
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhou M, Zhou Y, Guan X. Dietary components regulate chronic diseases through gut microbiota: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6752-6766. [PMID: 37225671 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, gut microbiota as an immune organ has gradually become the mainstream of research. When the composition of the gut microbiota is changed significantly, this may affect human health. This review details the major microbiota composition and metabolites in the gut and discusses chronic diseases based on gut dysbiosis, including obesity, liver injury, colon cancer, atherosclerosis, and central nervous system diseases. We comprehensively summarize the changes in abundance of relevant gut microbiota by ingesting different diet components (such as food additives, dietary polyphenols, polysaccharides, fats, proteins) and their influence on the microbial quorum sensing system, thereby regulating related diseases. We believe that quorum sensing can be used as a new entry point to explain the mechanism of ingesting dietary components to improve gut microbiota and thereby regulate related diseases. This review hopes to provide a theoretical basis for future research on improving disease symptoms by ingesting functional foods containing dietary components. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqin Zhou
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
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9
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Chowdhury B, Sharma A, Akshit FNU, Mohan MS, Salunke P, Anand S. A review of oleogels applications in dairy foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37229559 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2215871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of dairy products, such as texture, color, flavor, and nutritional profile, are significantly influenced by the presence of milk fat. However, saturated fatty acids account for 65% of total milk fat. With increased health awareness and regulatory recommendations, consumer preferences have evolved toward low/no saturated fat food products. Reducing the saturated fat content of dairy products to meet market demands is an urgent yet challenging task, as it may compromise product quality and increase production costs. In this regard, oleogels have emerged as a viable milk fat replacement in dairy foods. This review focuses on recent advances in oleogel systems and explores their potential for incorporation into dairy products as a milk fat substitute. Overall, it can be concluded that oleogel can be a potential alternative to replace milk fat fully or partially in the product matrix to improve nutritional profile by mimicking similar rheological and textural product characteristics as milk fat. Furthermore, the impact of consuming oleogel-based dairy foods on digestibility and gut health is also discussed. A thorough comprehension of the application of oleogels in dairy products will provide an opportunity for the dairy sector to develop applications that will appeal to the changing consumer needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Chowdhury
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - F N U Akshit
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Maneesha S Mohan
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Prafulla Salunke
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Sanjeev Anand
- Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
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10
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Fenn J, Taylor C, Goertz S, Wanelik KM, Paterson S, Begon M, Jackson J, Bradley J. Discrete patterns of microbiome variability across timescales in a wild rodent population. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:87. [PMID: 36997846 PMCID: PMC10061908 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian gastrointestinal microbiomes are highly variable, both within individuals and across populations, with changes linked to time and ageing being widely reported. Discerning patterns of change in wild mammal populations can therefore prove challenging. We used high-throughput community sequencing methods to characterise the microbiome of wild field voles (Microtus agrestis) from faecal samples collected across 12 live-trapping field sessions, and then at cull. Changes in α- and β-diversity were modelled over three timescales. Short-term differences (following 1–2 days captivity) were analysed between capture and cull, to ascertain the degree to which the microbiome can change following a rapid change in environment. Medium-term changes were measured between successive trapping sessions (12–16 days apart), and long-term changes between the first and final capture of an individual (from 24 to 129 days). The short period between capture and cull was characterised by a marked loss of species richness, while over medium and long-term in the field, richness slightly increased. Changes across both short and long timescales indicated shifts from a Firmicutes-dominant to a Bacteroidetes-dominant microbiome. Dramatic changes following captivity indicate that changes in microbiome diversity can be rapid, following a change of environment (food sources, temperature, lighting etc.). Medium- and long-term patterns of change indicate an accrual of gut bacteria associated with ageing, with these new bacteria being predominately represented by Bacteroidetes. While the patterns of change observed are unlikely to be universal to wild mammal populations, the potential for analogous shifts across timescales should be considered whenever studying wild animal microbiomes. This is especially true if studies involve animal captivity, as there are potential ramifications both for animal health, and the validity of the data itself as a reflection of a ‘natural’ state of an animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fenn
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Christopher Taylor
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Sarah Goertz
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Klara M. Wanelik
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steve Paterson
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mike Begon
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joe Jackson
- grid.8752.80000 0004 0460 5971University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Jan Bradley
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
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Guo K, Figueroa-Romero C, Noureldein M, Hinder LM, Sakowski SA, Rumora AE, Petit H, Savelieff MG, Hur J, Feldman EL. Gut microbiota in a mouse model of obesity and peripheral neuropathy associated with plasma and nerve lipidomics and nerve transcriptomics. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:52. [PMID: 36922895 PMCID: PMC10015923 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common complication in obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes, though its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. In a murine high-fat diet (HFD) obesity model of PN, dietary reversal (HFD-R) to a low-fat standard diet (SD) restores nerve function and the nerve lipidome to normal. As the gut microbiome represents a potential link between dietary fat intake and nerve health, the current study assessed shifts in microbiome community structure by 16S rRNA profiling during the paradigm of dietary reversal (HFD-R) in various gut niches. Dietary fat content (HFD versus SD) was also correlated to gut flora and metabolic and PN phenotypes. Finally, PN-associated microbial taxa that correlated with the plasma and sciatic nerve lipidome and nerve transcriptome were used to identify lipid species and genes intimately related to PN phenotypes. RESULTS Microbiome structure was altered in HFD relative to SD but rapidly reversed with HFD-R. Specific taxa variants correlating positively with metabolic health associated inversely with PN, while specific taxa negatively linked to metabolic health positively associated with PN. In HFD, PN-associated taxa variants, including Lactobacillus, Lachnoclostridium, and Anaerotruncus, also positively correlated with several lipid species, especially elevated plasma sphingomyelins and sciatic nerve triglycerides. Negative correlations were additionally present with other taxa variants. Moreover, relationships that emerged between specific PN-associated taxa variants and the sciatic nerve transcriptome were related to inflammation, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant defense pathways, which are all established in PN pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicate that microbiome structure is altered with HFD, and that certain taxa variants correlate with metabolic health and PN. Apparent links between PN-associated taxa and certain lipid species and nerve transcriptome-related pathways additionally provide insight into new targets for microbiota and the associated underlying mechanisms of action in PN. Thus, these findings strengthen the possibility of a gut-microbiome-peripheral nervous system signature in PN and support continuing studies focused on defining the connection between the gut microbiome and nerve health to inform mechanistic insight and therapeutic opportunities. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Mohamed Noureldein
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Lucy M. Hinder
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Reata Pharmaceuticals, Irving, TX 75063 USA
| | - Stacey A. Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Amy E. Rumora
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Hayley Petit
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Masha G. Savelieff
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Skeletal muscle insulin resistance and adipose tissue hypertrophy persist beyond the reshaping of gut microbiota in young rats fed a fructose-rich diet. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109247. [PMID: 36496062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether short term fructose-rich diet induces changes in the gut microbiota as well as in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue physiology and verify whether they persist even after fructose withdrawal, young rats of 30 d of age were fed for 3 weeks a fructose-rich or control diet. At the end of the 3-weeks period, half of the rats from each group were maintained for further 3 weeks on a control diet. Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids levels (faeces and plasma) were investigated. Insulin response was evaluated at the whole-body level and both in skeletal muscle and epididymal adipose tissue, together with skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and lipid composition. In parallel, morphology and physiological status of epididymal adipose tissue was also evaluated. Reshaping of gut microbiota and increased content of short chain fatty acids was elicited by the fructose diet and abolished by switching back to control diet. On the other hand, most metabolic changes elicited by fructose-rich diet in skeletal muscle and epididymal adipose tissue persisted after switching to control diet. Increased dietary fructose intake even on a short-time basis elicits persistent changes in the physiology of metabolically relevant tissues, such as adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, through mechanisms that go well beyond the reshaping of gut microbiota. This picture delineates a harmful situation, in particular for the young populations, posed at risk of metabolic modifications that may persist in their adulthood.
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Tsan L, Sun S, Hayes AMR, Bridi L, Chirala LS, Noble EE, Fodor AA, Kanoski SE. Early life Western diet-induced memory impairments and gut microbiome changes in female rats are long-lasting despite healthy dietary intervention. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 25:2490-2506. [PMID: 34565305 PMCID: PMC8957635 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1980697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Western diet consumption during adolescence results in hippocampus (HPC)-dependent memory impairments and gut microbiome dysbiosis. Whether these adverse outcomes persist in adulthood following healthy dietary intervention is unknown. Here we assessed the short- and long-term effects of adolescent consumption of a Western diet enriched with either sugar or both sugar and fat on metabolic outcomes, HPC function, and gut microbiota. METHODS Adolescent female rats (PN 26) were fed a standard chow diet (CHOW), chow with access to 11% sugar solution (SUG), or a junk food cafeteria-style diet (CAF) containing various foods high in fat and/or sugar. During adulthood (PN 65+), metabolic outcomes, HPC-dependent memory, and gut microbial populations were evaluated. In a subsequent experiment, these outcomes were evaluated following a 5-week dietary intervention where CAF and SUG groups were maintained on standard chow alone. RESULTS Both CAF and SUG groups demonstrated impaired HPC-dependent memory, increased adiposity, and altered gut microbial populations relative to the CHOW group. However, impaired peripheral glucose regulation was only observed in the SUG group. When examined following a healthy dietary intervention in a separate experiment, metabolic dysfunction was not observed in either the CAF or SUG group, whereas HPC-dependent memory impairments were observed in the CAF but not the SUG group. In both groups the composition of the gut microbiota remained distinct from CHOW rats after the dietary intervention. CONCLUSIONS While the metabolic impairments associated with adolescent junk food diet consumption are not present in adulthood following dietary intervention, the HPC-dependent memory impairments and the gut microbiome dysbiosis persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Tsan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Anna M. R. Hayes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lana Bridi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lekha S. Chirala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily E. Noble
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anthony A. Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Scott E. Kanoski
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kumar S, Raj VS, Ahmad A, Saini V. Amoxicillin modulates gut microbiota to improve short-term high-fat diet induced pathophysiology in mice. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:40. [PMID: 36229889 PMCID: PMC9563906 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high-fat diet (HFD) induced perturbation of gut microbiota is a major contributory factor to promote the pathophysiology of HFD-associated metabolic syndrome. The HFD could also increase the susceptibility to the microbial infections warranting the use of antibiotics which are independently capable of impacting both gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome. Further, the usage of antibiotics in individuals consuming HFD can impact mitochondrial function that can be associated with an elevated risk of chronic conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite this high propensity to infections in individuals on HFD, the link between duration of HFD and antibiotic treatment, and its impact on diversity of the gut microbiome and features of metabolic syndrome is not well established. In this study, we have addressed these knowledge gaps by examining how the gut microbiota profile changes in HFD-fed mice receiving antibiotic intervention in the form of amoxicillin. We also determine whether antibiotic treatment in HFD-fed mice may adversely impact the ability of immune cells to clear microbial infections. METHODS AND RESULTS We have subjected mice to HFD and chow diet (CD) for 3 weeks, and a subset of these mice on both diets received antibiotic intervention in the form of amoxicillin in the 3rd week. Body weight and food intake were recorded for 3 weeks. After 21 days, all animals were weighted and sacrificed. Subsequently, these animals were evaluated for basic haemato-biochemical and histopathological attributes. We used 16S rRNA sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis to determine changes in gut microbiota in these mice. We observed that a HFD, even for a short-duration, could successfully induce the partial pathophysiology typical of a metabolic syndrome, and substantially modulated the gut microbiota in mice. The short course of amoxicillin treatment to HFD-fed mice resulted in beneficial effects by significantly reducing fasting blood glucose and skewing the number of thrombocytes towards a normal range. Remarkably, we observed a significant remodelling of gut microbiota in amoxicillin-treated HFD-fed mice. Importantly, some gut microbes associated with improved insulin sensitivity and recovery from metabolic syndrome only appeared in amoxicillin-treated HFD-fed mice reinforcing the beneficial effects of antibiotic treatment in the HFD-associated metabolic syndrome. Moreover, we also observed the presence of gut-microbiota unique to amoxicillin-treated HFD-fed mice that are also known to improve the pathophysiology associated with metabolic syndrome. However, both CD-fed as well as HFD-fed mice receiving antibiotics showed an increase in intestinal pathogens as is typically observed for antibiotic treatment. Importantly though, infection studies with S. aureus and A. baumannii, revealed that macrophages isolated from amoxicillin-treated HFD-fed mice are comparable to those isolated from mice receiving only HFD or CD in terms of susceptibility, and progression of microbial infection. This finding clearly indicated that amoxicillin treatment does not introduce any additional deficits in the ability of macrophages to combat microbial infections. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that amoxicillin treatment in HFD-fed mice exert a beneficial influence on the pathophysiological attributes of metabolic syndrome which correlates with a significant remodelling of gut microbiota. A novel observation was the increase in microbes known to improve insulin sensitivity following amoxicillin treatment during short-term intake of HFD. Even though there is a minor increase in gut-resistant intestinal pathogens in amoxicillin-treated groups, there is no adverse impact on macrophages with respect to their susceptibility and ability to control infections. Taken together, this study provides a proof of principle for the exploration of amoxicillin treatment as a potential therapy in the people affected with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- National Institute of Biologicals, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Noida, 201309, India.
| | - V Samuel Raj
- Center for Drug, Design, Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, 131029, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Ayaan Ahmad
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikram Saini
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
- Biosafety Laboratory-3, Centralized Core Research Facility (CCRF), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
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Tanisha, Venkategowda S, Majumdar M. Amelioration of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in a high-fat diet-fed mice by supplementation of a developed optimized polyherbal formulation. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:251. [PMID: 36060893 PMCID: PMC9428098 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated in vivo anti-diabetic and anti-obesity activity of a polyherbal formulation's methanolic extract containing an optimized ratio of edible seeds (Salvia hispanica, Chenopodium quinoa, Nelumbo nucifera). Diet-induced obese mice model (C57BL/6) was developed by feeding the mice a high-fat diet for 10 weeks resulting in hyperglycemia and obesity. Different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight) of formulation were administered orally daily for 6 weeks. Fasting blood glucose and body weight were monitored throughout the study. At the end of the study, serum parameters were analyzed and histological examinations were performed. There was a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels and body weight in animal groups receiving polyherbal formulation. Lipid profile was improved as revealed by a reduction in serum triglycerides and total cholesterol. Histological study showed an improvement in liver, kidney and pancreatic sections of treated mice. High-performance thin layer chromatography was performed to identify the phytochemicals responsible for the above-mentioned bioactivities. The results revealed the presence of flavonoid (rutin) in seeds of N.nucifera and in the polyherbal formulation. For the first time, this study demonstrated the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential of the optimized formulation. The formulation can be used as a potential therapy for management of diabesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha
- Jain (Deemed-to-be University), School of Sciences, #18/3, 9th Main, Jayanagar, 3rd Block, Bangalore, 560011 India
| | - Sunil Venkategowda
- Jain (Deemed-to-be University), School of Sciences, #18/3, 9th Main, Jayanagar, 3rd Block, Bangalore, 560011 India
| | - Mala Majumdar
- Jain (Deemed-to-be University), School of Sciences, #18/3, 9th Main, Jayanagar, 3rd Block, Bangalore, 560011 India
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Sindi AS, Stinson LF, Lean SS, Chooi YH, Leghi GE, Netting MJ, Wlodek ME, Muhlhausler BS, Geddes DT, Payne MS. Effect of a reduced fat and sugar maternal dietary intervention during lactation on the infant gut microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900702. [PMID: 36060782 PMCID: PMC9428759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveA growing body of literature has shown that maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with infant gut bacterial composition. However, whether maternal diet during lactation affects the exclusively breastfed infant gut microbiome remains understudied. This study sets out to determine whether a two-week of a reduced fat and sugar maternal dietary intervention during lactation is associated with changes in the infant gut microbiome composition and function.DesignStool samples were collected from four female and six male (n = 10) infants immediately before and after the intervention. Maternal baseline diet from healthy mothers aged 22–37 was assessed using 24-h dietary recall. During the 2-week dietary intervention, mothers were provided with meals and their dietary intake was calculated using FoodWorks 10 Software. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to characterize the infant gut microbiome composition and function.ResultsIn all but one participant, maternal fat and sugar intake during the intervention were significantly lower than at baseline. The functional capacity of the infant gut microbiome was significantly altered by the intervention, with increased levels of genes associated with 28 bacterial metabolic pathways involved in biosynthesis of vitamins (p = 0.003), amino acids (p = 0.005), carbohydrates (p = 0.01), and fatty acids and lipids (p = 0.01). Although the dietary intervention did not affect the bacterial composition of the infant gut microbiome, relative difference in maternal fiber intake was positively associated with increased abundance of genes involved in biosynthesis of storage compounds (p = 0.016), such as cyanophycin. Relative difference in maternal protein intake was negatively associated with Veillonella parvula (p = 0.006), while positively associated with Klebsiella michiganensis (p = 0.047). Relative difference in maternal sugar intake was positively associated with Lactobacillus paracasei (p = 0.022). Relative difference in maternal fat intake was positively associated with genes involved in the biosynthesis of storage compounds (p = 0.015), fatty acid and lipid (p = 0.039), and metabolic regulator (p = 0.038) metabolic pathways.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrates that a short-term maternal dietary intervention during lactation can significantly alter the functional potential, but not bacterial taxonomy, of the breastfed infant gut microbiome. While the overall diet itself was not able to change the composition of the infant gut microbiome, changes in intakes of maternal protein and sugar during lactation were correlated with changes in the relative abundances of certain bacterial species.Clinical trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000606189).
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar S. Sindi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lisa F. Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Soo Sum Lean
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gabriela E. Leghi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Merryn J. Netting
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Pediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mary E. Wlodek
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Beverly S. Muhlhausler
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- CSIRO, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Donna T. Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew S. Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Matthew S. Payne,
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Preventing Bacterial Translocation in Patients with Leaky Gut Syndrome: Nutrition and Pharmacological Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063204. [PMID: 35328624 PMCID: PMC8949204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaky gut syndrome is a medical condition characterized by intestinal hyperpermeability. Since the intestinal barrier is one of the essential components maintaining homeostasis along the gastrointestinal tract, loss of its integrity due to changes in bacterial composition, decreased expression levels of tight junction proteins, and increased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines may lead to intestinal hyperpermeability followed by the development of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases. Translocation of microorganisms and their toxic metabolites beyond the gastrointestinal tract is one of the fallouts of the leaky gut syndrome. The presence of intestinal bacteria in sterile tissues and distant organs may cause damage due to chronic inflammation and progression of disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, liver cirrhosis, and acute pancreatitis. Currently, there are no medical guidelines for the treatment or prevention of bacterial translocation in patients with the leaky gut syndrome; however, several studies suggest that dietary intervention can improve barrier function and restrict bacteria invasion. This review contains current literature data concerning the influence of diet, dietary supplements, probiotics, and drugs on intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation.
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Macêdo APA, Gonçalves MDS, Barreto Medeiros JM, David JM, Villarreal CF, Macambira SG, Soares MBP, Couto RD. Potential therapeutic effects of green tea on obese lipid profile - a systematic review. Nutr Health 2022; 28:401-415. [PMID: 35014893 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211073236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Green tea, obtained from the plant Camellis sinensis, is one of the oldest drinks in the world and contains numerous bioactive compounds. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of green tea in preventing obesity and cardiovascular diseases that may be related to the reduction of lipid levels. Aim: This study aimed to evidence, through a systematic review, the therapeutic potential of green tea on the lipid profile in preclinical studies in obese animals and clinical studies in obese individuals. Methods: This systematic review follows the recommendations of the preferred report items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The electronic databases, PubMed (Medline), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted. Articles from January 2009 to December 2019 were selected. Results: This search resulted in twenty-nine articles were included cirtically reviewed. In experimental studies, green tea administration has been shown to reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in animals exposed to obesity-inducing diet. In humans' studies green tea was not shown to be effective for obese lipid control. Because supplementation with green tea extract reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein for three months at a specific dose. Conclusion: Therefore, green tea appears to act as a protective agent for dyslipidemia in obesity-induced animals. In human studies, green tea has not been shown to be effective in controlling obese lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Azevêdo Macêdo
- Postgraduate Program in Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 28111Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariane Dos Santos Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 28111Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Garcia Macambira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immuno Pharmacology, 42509Research Center Gonçalo Moniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo David Couto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Qiao B, Li X, Wu Y, Guo T, Tan Z. Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in Mice under Lard or Vegetable Blend Oil Diet. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1613-1624. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qiao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yi Wu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Tan Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
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Yde CC, Jensen HM, Christensen N, Servant F, Lelouvier B, Lahtinen S, Stenman LK, Airaksinen K, Kailanto HM. Polydextrose with and without Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 drives the prevalence of Akkermansia and improves liver health in a multi-compartmental obesogenic mice study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260765. [PMID: 34855861 PMCID: PMC8638982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades of research have raised gut microbiota composition as a contributing factor to the development of obesity, and higher abundance of certain bacterial species has been linked to the lean phenotype, such as Akkermansia muciniphila. The ability of pre- and probiotics to affect metabolic health could be via microbial community alterations and subsequently changes in metabolite profiles, modulating for example host energy balance via complex signaling pathways. The aim of this mice study was to determine how administration of a prebiotic fiber, polydextrose (PDX) and a probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 (B420), during high fat diet (HFD; 60 kcal% fat) affects microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue, and metabolite levels in gut and liver. In this study C57Bl/6J mice (N = 200) were split in five treatments and daily gavaged: 1) Normal control (NC); 2) HFD; 3) HFD + PDX; 4) HFD + B420 or 5) HFD + PDX + B420 (HFD+S). At six weeks of treatment intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed, and feces were collected at weeks 0, 3, 6 and 9. At end of the intervention, ileum and colon mucosa, adipose tissue and liver samples were collected. The microbiota composition in fecal, ileum, colon and adipose tissue was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing, fecal and liver metabolomics were performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It was found that HFD+PDX intervention reduced body weight gain and hepatic fat compared to HFD. Sequencing the mice adipose tissue (MAT) identified Akkermansia and its prevalence was increased in HFD+S group. Furthermore, by the inclusion of PDX, fecal, lleum and colon levels of Akkermansia were increased and liver health was improved as the detoxification capacity and levels of methyl-donors were increased. These new results demonstrate how PDX and B420 can affect the interactions between gut, liver and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Clement Yde
- IFF Enabling Technologies, Brabrand, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Which Microbes Like My Diet and What Does It Mean for My Heart? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114146. [PMID: 34836400 PMCID: PMC8625446 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of hospitalization, death and disability in Europe. Despite our knowledge of nonmodifiable and modifiable cardiovascular classical risk factors, the morbidity and mortality in this group of diseases remains high, leading to high social and economic costs. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new factors, such as the gut microbiome, that may play a role in many crucial pathological processes related to cardiovascular diseases. Diet is a potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals are nutrients that are essential to the proper function of the human body. The style and composition of the human diet has changed over time, evolving from a hunter–gatherer diet to an industrialized and Westernized modern diet that includes processed products. The relationship between the gut microbiome, diet and cardiovascular diseases is complex and still not fully understood. In this review, we discuss, in the context of diet, why particular microbes occur in individuals and how they can influence the host’s cardiovascular system in health and disease. We investigate the role of particular microorganisms and changes in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.
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Short-term high-fat feeding exacerbates degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa by promoting retinal oxidative stress and inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100566118. [PMID: 34667124 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100566118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) can induce hyperglycemia and metabolic syndromes that, in turn, can trigger visual impairment. To evaluate the acute effects of HFD feeding on retinal degeneration, we assessed retinal function and morphology, inflammatory state, oxidative stress, and gut microbiome in dystrophic retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice, a model of retinitis pigmentosa, fed an HFD for 2 to 3 wk. Short-term HFD feeding impaired retinal responsiveness and visual acuity and enhanced photoreceptor degeneration, microglial cell activation, and Müller cell gliosis. HFD consumption also triggered the expression of inflammatory and oxidative markers in rd10 retinas. Finally, an HFD caused gut microbiome dysbiosis, increasing the abundance of potentially proinflammatory bacteria. Thus, HFD feeding drives the pathological processes of retinal degeneration by promoting oxidative stress and activating inflammatory-related pathways. Our findings suggest that consumption of an HFD could accelerate the progression of the disease in patients with retinal degenerative disorders.
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Silva SP, Beserra-Filho JIA, Kubota MC, Cardoso GN, Freitas FRS, Gonçalves BSM, Vicente-Silva W, Silva-Martins S, Custódio-Silva AC, Soares-Silva B, Maria-Macêdo A, Santos JR, Estadella D, Ribeiro AM. Palatable high-fat diet intake influences mnemonic and emotional aspects in female rats in an estrous cycle-dependent manner. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1717-1727. [PMID: 34406559 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the excessive consumption of fat and/or sugar has increased considerably. Palatable high-fat diets (HFDs) lead to metabolic disturbances and obesity, and impact emotional and cognitive processes. Previous studies in rodent models suggested that HFDs often cause multiple behavioral alterations, such as learning and memory deficits, and anxiety-like behaviors. Different sexes imply different behavioral and cognitive abilities; yet, most of these studies dealt with male or ovariectomized rats. We evaluated HFD effects in female rats submitted to different behavioral tasks, considering the effects of endogenous hormonal variations throughout estrous cycle. Female Wistar rats in each phase of the estrous cycle using commercial chow (CC) or HFD for 32 days. During treatment, behavioral assessments using sucrose preference (SP), elevated plus-maze (EPM), open field (OF) and novel-object recognition (NOR). At the end of the behavioral tests, animals were euthanized, and performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the brains by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The main results demonstrated that (1) HFD-fed rats had higher body mass gain and food intake, without altering caloric intake, (2) rats in diestrus had lower sucrose intake, (3) females in metestrus and diestrus showed deficits in the novel-object recognition memory. Furthermore, TH-immunoreactivity decreased in the dorsal striatum and BDNF in the hippocampus in HFD-fed females. These results suggest that HFD alters neurochemical and metabolic aspects that may induce phase-dependent behavioral changes in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Ivo Araújo Beserra-Filho
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Melina Chiemi Kubota
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nascimento Cardoso
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisca Rayanne Silva Freitas
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Santos Martins Gonçalves
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Vicente-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Suellen Silva-Martins
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claúdia Custódio-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Soares-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maria-Macêdo
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Ronaldo Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Debora Estadella
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Czajeczny D, Kabzińska K, Wójciak RW. Effects of Bifidobacterium Lactis BS01 and Lactobacillus Acidophilus LA02 on cognitive functioning in healthy women. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021:1-9. [PMID: 34493130 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1967155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research studies the relationship between probiotic bacteria in the gut and the host organism, including the impact on cognitive functioning. Data from human studies are scarce; however, recent studies point toward the beneficial role of probiotics for cognitive functioning. One of the mechanisms involved in this relationship is the probiotic's ability to influence inflammation and immune response. The aim of this initial study was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation with Bifidobacterium Lactis BS01 and Lactobacillus Acidophilus LA02 on cognitive functioning in healthy, young adult females. A total of 53 participants aged 19-31 were enrolled, and 38 completed the trial. A 6-week probiotic or placebo treatment was conducted. Five measures of cognitive functioning were applied pre- and post-treatment. Both groups showed general improvement at the second assessment. Contrary to our hypothesis, the placebo group improved slightly, but significantly, in four out of five measures of cognitive functioning, with the exception of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The supplementation group improved significantly in two measures of the WCST, compared to the placebo group. Similar results have been previously reported. Probiotic supplementation, while not harmful, might not be beneficial for cognition in the healthy population, or at least not universally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Czajeczny
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina Kabzińska
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafał Wojciech Wójciak
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Lau TC, Fiebig-Comyn AA, Shaler CR, McPhee JB, Coombes BK, Schertzer JD. Low dietary fiber promotes enteric expansion of a Crohn's disease-associated pathobiont independent of obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E338-E350. [PMID: 34280051 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00134.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic, immunological, and infectious disease comorbidities, including an increased risk of enteric infection and inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease (CD). Expansion of intestinal pathobionts such as adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) is a common dysbiotic feature of CD, which is amplified by prior use of oral antibiotics. Although high-fat, high-sugar diets are associated with dysbiotic expansion of E. coli, it is unknown if the content of fat or another dietary component in obesogenic diets is sufficient to promote AIEC expansion. Here, we found that administration of an antibiotic combined with feeding mice an obesogenic low-fiber, high-sucrose, high-fat diet (HFD) that is typically used in rodent-obesity studies promoted AIEC intestinal expansion. Even a short-term (i.e., 1 day) pulse of HFD feeding before infection was sufficient to promote AIEC expansion, indicating that the magnitude of obesity was not the main driver of AIEC expansion. Controlled-diet experiments demonstrated that neither dietary fat nor sugar were the key determinants of AIEC colonization, but that lowering dietary fiber from approximately 13% to 5%-6% was sufficient to promote the intestinal expansion of AIEC when combined with antibiotics in mice. When combined with antibiotics, lowering fiber promoted AIEC intestinal expansion to a similar extent as widely used HFDs in mice. However, lowering dietary fiber was sufficient to promote AIEC intestinal expansion without affecting body mass. Our results show that low dietary fiber combined with oral antibiotics are environmental factors that promote the expansion of Crohn's disease-associated pathobionts in the gut.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is commonly thought that obesity or a high-fat diet alters pathogenic bacteria and promotes inflammatory gut diseases. We found that lower dietary fiber is a key factor that expands a gut pathobiont linked to Crohn's disease, independent of obesity status in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor C Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aline A Fiebig-Comyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher R Shaler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph B McPhee
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian K Coombes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Casagrande BP, Pisani LP, Estadella D. AMPK in the gut-liver-brain axis and its influence on OP rats in an HSHF intake and WTD rat model. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1199-1211. [PMID: 34075446 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesogenic diets (ODs) can affect AMPK activation in several sites as the colon, liver, and hypothalamus. OD intake can impair the hypothalamic AMPK regulation of energy homeostasis. Despite consuming ODs, not all subjects have the propensity to develop or progress to obesity. The obesity propensity is more associated with energy intake than expenditure dysregulations and may have a link with AMPK activity. While the effects of ODs are studied widely, few evaluate the short-term effects of terminating OD intake. Withdrawing from OD (WTD) is thought to improve or reverse the damages caused by the intake. Therefore, here we applied an OD intake and WTD protocol aiming to evaluate AMPK protein content and phosphorylation in the colon, liver, and hypothalamus and their relationship with obesity propensity. To this end, male Wistar rats (60 days) received control or high-sugar/high-fat (HSHF) OD for 30 days. Half of the animals were OD-withdrawn and fed the control diet for 48 h. After intake, we found a reduction in AMPK phosphorylation in the hypothalamus and colon, and after WTD, we found an increase in its hepatic and hypothalamic phosphorylation. The decrease in colon pAMPK/AMPK could be linked with hypothalamic pAMPK/AMPK after HSHF intake, while the increase in hepatic pAMPK/AMPK could have prevented the increase in hypothalamic pAMPK/AMPK. In the obesity-prone rats, we found higher levels of hypothalamic and colon pAMPK/AMPK despite the higher body mass gain. Our results highlight the relevance in multi-organ investigations and animal phenotype evaluation when studying the energy metabolism regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno Picin Casagrande
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP/BS, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP/BS, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Debora Estadella
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista - UNIFESP/BS, Santos, São Paulo, 11015-020, Brazil.
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Influences of dietary oils and fats, and the accompanied minor content of components on the gut microbiota and gut inflammation: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Cervical Gardnerella vaginalis in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245937. [PMID: 33481958 PMCID: PMC7822511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the association between microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and/or intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) and the cervical prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis DNA in pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membrane (PPROM). Method In total, 405 women with singleton pregnancies complicated with PPROM were included. Cervical fluid and amniotic fluid samples were collected at the time of admission. Bacterial and G. vaginalis DNA were assessed in the cervical fluid samples using quantitative PCR technique. Concentrations of interleukin-6 and MIAC were evaluated in the amniotic fluid samples. Loads of G. vaginalis DNA ≥ 1% of the total cervical bacterial DNA were used to define the cervical prevalence of G. vaginalis as abundant. Based on the MIAC and IAI, women were categorized into four groups: with intra-amniotic infection (both MIAC and IAI), with sterile IAI (IAI without MIAC), with MIAC without IAI, and without either MIAC or IAI. Results The presence of the abundant cervical G. vaginalis was related to MIAC (with: 65% vs. without: 44%; p = 0.0004) but not IAI (with: 52% vs. without: 48%; p = 0.70). Women with MIAC without IAI had the highest load of the cervical G. vaginalis DNA (median 2.0 × 104 copies DNA/mL) and the highest presence of abundant cervical G. vaginalis (73%). Conclusions In women with PPROM, the presence of cervical G. vaginalis was associated with MIAC, mainly without the concurrent presence of IAI.
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Mojsak P, Rey-Stolle F, Parfieniuk E, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M. The role of gut microbiota (GM) and GM-related metabolites in diabetes and obesity. A review of analytical methods used to measure GM-related metabolites in fecal samples with a focus on metabolites' derivatization step. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113617. [PMID: 32971497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of gut microbiota (GM) composition is increasingly related to the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases. Additionally, GM is responsible for the production and transformation of metabolites involved in the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current state of knowledge regarding the composition of GM and GM-related metabolites in relation to the progress and development of obesity and T2DM is presented in this review. To understand the relationships between GM-related metabolites and the development of metabolic disorders, their accurate qualitative and quantitative measurement in biological samples is needed. Feces represent a valuable biological matrix which composition may reflect the health status of the lower gastrointestinal tract and the whole organism. Mass spectrometry (MS), mainly in combination with gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC), is commonly used to measure fecal metabolites. However, profiling metabolites in such a complex matrix as feces is challenging from both analytical chemistry and biochemistry standpoints. Chemical derivatization is one of the most effective methods used to overcome these problems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the derivatization methods of GM-related metabolites prior to GC-MS or LC-MS analysis, which have been published in the last five years (2015-2020). Additionally, analytical methods used for the analysis of GM-related metabolites without the derivatization step are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mojsak
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ewa Parfieniuk
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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Casagrande BP, Estadella D. Withdrawing from obesogenic diets: benefits and barriers in the short- and long-term in rodent models. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E485-E493. [PMID: 32663098 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00174.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence of dietary impact on several metabolic parameters. Unhealthy diets are estimated to be responsible for about 20% of the deaths worldwide. The recommendation is to improve the dietary pattern, aiming to prevent further harm. In this context, we reviewed the benefits and barriers of withdrawing from continuous obesogenic diet intake in the short- and long-term, which were found in rodent models. Although dietary modifications demand a re-establishment of the equilibrium, withdrawing was seen as a homeostatic insult and thus elicited several responses to protect the organism. In the short-term, withdrawal presented stressful and reward destimulating responses. The intake of obesogenic diets presented rewarding and stress destimulating responses. Whereas withdrawing in the long term ameliorated several biological functions and histopathologic features, it was not effective at reestablishing food intake and normalizing feeding behaviors or reward pathways. Altogether, terminating obesogenic diet intake does not immediately extinguish all negative consequences, and it even elicits brain behavioral and metabolic modifications. These modifications can hinder the maintenance of habits' change and prevent reaching the long-term benefits of diet improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno P Casagrande
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Estadella
- Biosciences Department, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Lloyd K, Reyes T. High fat diet consumption restricted to adolescence has minimal effects on adult executive function that vary by sex. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:801-811. [PMID: 32840166 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1809879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Early life environment can have a lasting effect on brain development and behavior. Diet is a potent environmental factor that can positively or negatively affect neurodevelopment, and unfortunately, the likelihood of a poor diet is high during adolescence. Adverse effects of adolescent high fat diet have been observed on reward-related behaviors, reversal learning, and hippocampal-dependent learning tasks in rodents when tested in adulthood. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) continues to develop throughout adolescence and is thus vulnerable to environmental insults such as poor diet. Therefore, we sought to examine the effects of a high fat diet (HFD) consumed only during adolescence on later life adult PFC-dependent executive function. Male and female mice were fed a HFD (60% energy from fat) during either early or late adolescence then switched to standard chow and tested in a battery of touchscreen-based operant tests of executive function in adulthood. Contrary to our prediction of an adverse effect of HFD, there was no effect of adolescent HFD in males, and females showed faster learning and decreased inattention in adulthood. We conclude that the effects of adolescent-limited HFD on adult executive function are mild, positive, and vary by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Lloyd
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Teresa Reyes
- Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Qian L, Huang J, Qin H. Probiotics and dietary intervention modulate the colonic mucosa-associated microbiota in high-fat diet populations. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 31:295-304. [PMID: 32412900 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.19013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Alterations in the gut microbiota due to a high-fat diet and diet-induced illness have been found in both mouse models and humans. Observational studies suggest that probiotic administration and diet shifts may treat diet-related diseases. However, the effect of these interventions on the colonic mucosa has not yet been elucidated. This study investigated the efficacy of probiotic supplementation and dietary intervention as prophylactic tools under high-fat diet conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 volunteers that normally consumed a high-fat diet were enrolled and treated with either a control diet, a low-fat dietary intervention, Bifidobacterium triple viable capsule therapy, or a combination of a low-fat diet and Bifidobacterium triple viable capsule therapy. Pyrosequencing of the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA genes was conducted to determine the extent to which probiotics and dietary intervention altered the mucosal microbiota. RESULTS This study demonstrated that interventional treatment with probiotics and a low-fat diet increased the diversity of the mucosal microbes, dietary intervention alone produced the most significant effect, whereas the combined intervention exhibited no synergetic improvement. Pyrosequencing demonstrated that probiotics and dietary intervention significantly elevated the abundance of some bacterial taxa assigned to the phylum Firmicutes and the beneficial genera Prevotella, Gemmiger, Coprococcus, and Faecalibacterium and reduced some harmful bacterial taxa assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria and genus Streptophyta. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggested that the addition of probiotics and dietary intervention could improve the composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota in high-fat diet populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leimin Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- The Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Interactions of dietary fat with the gut microbiota: Evaluation of mechanisms and metabolic consequences. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:994-1018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Khan MS, Ikram M, Park JS, Park TJ, Kim MO. Gut Microbiota, Its Role in Induction of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology, and Possible Therapeutic Interventions: Special Focus on Anthocyanins. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040853. [PMID: 32244729 PMCID: PMC7226756 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut is a safe environment for several microbes that are symbiotic and important for the wellbeing of human health. However, studies on gut microbiota in different animals have suggested that changes in the composition and structure of these microbes may promote gut inflammation by releasing inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides, gut-wall leakage, and may affect systemic inflammatory and immune mechanisms that are important for the normal functioning of the body. There are many factors that aid in the gut’s dysbiosis and neuroinflammation, including high stress levels, lack of sleep, fatty and processed foods, and the prolonged use of antibiotics. These neurotoxic mechanisms of dysbiosis may increase susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. Therefore, studies have recently been conducted to tackle AD-like conditions by specifically targeting gut microbes that need further elucidation. It was suggested that gut dyshomeostasis may be regulated by using available options, including the use of flavonoids such as anthocyanins, and restriction of the use of high-fatty-acid-containing food. In this review, we summarize the gut microbiota, factors promoting it, and possible therapeutic interventions especially focused on the therapeutic potential of natural dietary polyflavonoid anthocyanins. Our study strongly suggests that gut dysbiosis and systemic inflammation are critically involved in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, and the natural intake of these flavonoids may provide new therapeutic opportunities for preclinical or clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.K.); (M.I.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.K.); (M.I.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Jun Sung Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.K.); (M.I.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Tae Ju Park
- Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research, Centre Institute of Cancer, Sciences University of Glasgow, 0747 657 5394 Glasgow, UK;
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.S.K.); (M.I.); (J.S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1345; Fax: +82-55-772-2656
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Madduma Hewage S, Prashar S, Debnath SC, O K, Siow YL. Inhibition of Inflammatory Cytokine Expression Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Kidney Injury: Role of Lingonberry Supplementation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:80. [PMID: 32292787 PMCID: PMC7119336 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a major stimulus for progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals consuming high-fat diet. Currently, there are limited treatment options for CKD other than controlling the progression rate and its associated complications. Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is rich in anthocyanins with demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect. In the current study, we investigated the potential renal protective effect of lingonberry and its anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-glucoside) in high-fat diet fed obese mice and in human proximal tubular cells. Prolonged consumption of high-fat diets is strongly associated with obesity, abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism. Mice (C57BL/6J) fed a high-fat diet (62% kcal fat) for 12 weeks developed renal injury as indicated by an elevation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level as well as an increase in renal kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and renin expression. Those mice displayed an activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines-monocyte chemoattractant-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the kidneys. Mice fed a high-fat diet also had a significant elevation of inflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma. Dietary supplementation of lingonberry for 12 weeks not only attenuated high-fat diet-induced renal inflammatory response but also reduced kidney injury. Such a treatment improved plasma lipid and glucose profiles, reduced plasma inflammatory cytokine levels but did not affect body weight gain induced by high-fat diet feeding. Lingonberry extract or its active component cyanidin-3-glucoside effectively inhibited palmitic acid-induced NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in proximal tubular cells. These results suggest that lingonberry supplementation can reduce inflammatory response and prevent chronic kidney injury. Such a renal protective effect by lingonberry and its active component may be mediated, in part, through NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susara Madduma Hewage
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Suvira Prashar
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Samir C Debnath
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. John's Research and Development Centre, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yaw L Siow
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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36
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Housing condition-associated changes in gut microbiota further affect the host response to diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 79:108362. [PMID: 32163832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity is the most widely used animal model for studying nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the physiological effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) are inconsistent between different studies. To elucidate this mystery, mice raised with conventional (CONV), specific pathogen-free (SPF) and gentamicin (G) treatments and fed with standard diet (STD) or HFD were analyzed in terms of their physiology, gut microbiota composition, hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Serum biochemistry showed increased levels of cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase in the G-STD and CONV-HFD groups, respectively. The CONV-HFD group exhibited more inflammatory foci compared to the SPF-HFD and G-HFD groups. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry staining revealed the infiltration of Kupffer cells in the liver, consistent with increased mRNA levels of MCP-1, CD36 and TLR4. Principal coordinate analysis and the cladogram of LEfSe showed that the distinguished clusters of gut microbiota were dependent on housing conditions. The Rikenellaceae, F16 and Desulfovibrionaceae were strongly correlated with hepatic inflammation. Otherwise, higher NAFLD activity score correlated with altered relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. In conclusion, gut microbiota varying with housing condition may be pivotal for the host response to HFD.
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Wang P, Shao X, Bao Y, Zhu J, Chen L, Zhang L, Ma X, Zhong XB. Impact of obese levels on the hepatic expression of nuclear receptors and drug-metabolizing enzymes in adult and offspring mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:171-185. [PMID: 31993314 PMCID: PMC6976990 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity-associated conditions raises new challenges in clinical medication. Although altered expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) has been shown in obesity, the impacts of obese levels (overweight, obesity, and severe obesity) on the expression of DMEs have not been elucidated. Especially, limited information is available on whether parental obese levels affect ontogenic expression of DMEs in children. Here, a high-fat diet (HFD) and three feeding durations were used to mimic different obese levels in C57BL/6 mice. The hepatic expression of five nuclear receptors (NRs) and nine DMEs was examined. In general, a trend of induced expression of NRs and DMEs (except for Cyp2c29 and 3a11) was observed in HFD groups compared to low-fat diet (LFD) groups. Differential effects of HFD on the hepatic expression of DMEs were found in adult mice at different obese levels. Family-based dietary style of an HFD altered the ontogenic expression of DMEs in the offspring older than 15 days. Furthermore, obese levels of parental mice affected the hepatic expression of DMEs in offspring. Overall, the results indicate that obese levels affected expression of the DMEs in adult individuals and that of their children. Drug dosage might need to be optimized based on the obese levels.
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Key Words
- 18-HA, adult mice fed with 18 weeks HFD
- 18-LA, adult mice fed with 18 weeks LFD
- 4-HA, adult mice fed with 4 weeks HFD
- 4-LA, adult mice fed with 4 weeks LFD
- 7-ER, 7-ethoxyresorufin
- 8-HA, adult mice fed with 8 weeks HFD
- 8-LA, adult mice fed with 8 weeks LFD
- AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- BMI, body mass index
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- CHZ, chlorzoxazone
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1
- DIO, diet-induced obesity
- DMEs, drug-metabolizing enzymes
- Diet-induced obesity
- Drug-metabolizing enzymes
- EFV, efavirenz
- Gapdh, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HNF4α, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha
- High-fat diet
- LFD, low-fat diet
- MDZ, midazolam
- MPA, mobile phase A
- MPB, mobile phase B
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NRs, nuclear receptors
- Nuclear receptors
- O-18-HA, offspring from parental mice fed with 18 weeks HFD
- O-18-LA, offspring from parental mice fed with 18 weeks LFD
- O-4-HA, offspring from parental mice fed with 4 weeks HFD
- O-4-LA, offspring from parental mice fed with 4 weeks LFD
- O-8-HA, offspring from parental mice fed with 8 weeks HFD
- O-8-LA, offspring from parental mice fed with 8 weeks LFD
- Ontogenic expression
- Overweight
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- RSF, resorufin
- RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative PCR
- SD, standard deviation
- SULT1A1, sulfotransferase 1A1
- UGT1A1, uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xueyan Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yifan Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiao-bo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Emerenziani S, Pier Luca Guarino M, Trillo Asensio LM, Altomare A, Ribolsi M, Balestrieri P, Cicala M. Role of Overweight and Obesity in Gastrointestinal Disease. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010111. [PMID: 31906216 PMCID: PMC7019431 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, leading to a severe impairment of overall health. Actually, obesity has been associated with several pathological conditions, causing an excess overall mortality. In particular, overweight and obesity are well known risk factors for a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders i.e., functional GI disorders as well as, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), pancreatitis, and GI cancer. The aim of the present review is to summarize the potential role of overweight and obesity in GI disease with particular focus on plausible biological mechanisms that could explain the association between obesity and GI disease based on the most recent evidence in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Emerenziani
- Correspondence: (S.E.); (L.M.T.A.); Tel.: +39-06225411690 (S.E. & L.M.T.A.)
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Aluthge ND, Van Sambeek DM, Carney-Hinkle EE, Li YS, Fernando SC, Burkey TE. BOARD INVITED REVIEW: The pig microbiota and the potential for harnessing the power of the microbiome to improve growth and health1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3741-3757. [PMID: 31250899 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Pioneers in gut microbiology have stressed the critical importance of diet:microbe interactions and how these interactions may contribute to health status. As scientists have overcome the limitations of culture-based microbiology, the importance of these interactions has become more clear even to the extent that the gut microbiota has emerged as an important immunologic and metabolic organ. Recent advances in metagenomics and metabolomics have helped scientists to demonstrate that interactions among the diet, the gut microbiota, and the host to have profound effects on animal health and disease. However, although scientists have now accumulated a great deal of data with respect to what organisms comprise the gastrointestinal landscape, there is a need to look more closely at causative effects of the microbiome. The objective of this review is intended to provide: 1) a review of what is currently known with respect to the dynamics of microbial colonization of the porcine gastrointestinal tract; 2) a review of the impact of nutrient:microbe effects on growth and health; 3) examples of the therapeutic potential of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics; and 4) a discussion about what the future holds with respect to microbiome research opportunities and challenges. Taken together, by considering what is currently known in the four aforementioned areas, our overarching goal is to set the stage for narrowing the path towards discovering how the porcine gut microbiota (individually and collectively) may affect specific host phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosh D Aluthge
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | | | - Yanshuo S Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
| | | | - Thomas E Burkey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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40
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Fang Q, Hu J, Nie Q, Nie S. Effects of polysaccharides on glycometabolism based on gut microbiota alteration. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Interaction between high-fat diet and ethanol intake leads to changes on the fecal microbiome. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 72:108215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Cao SY, Zhao CN, Xu XY, Tang GY, Corke H, Gan RY, Li HB. Dietary plants, gut microbiota, and obesity: Effects and mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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43
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Qian L, Gao R, Huang J, Qin H. Supplementation of triple viable probiotics combined with dietary intervention is associated with gut microbial improvement in humans on a high-fat diet. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2262-2270. [PMID: 31452713 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that oral probiotics may have a beneficial role in preventing obesity, inflammatory bowel disease and even colorectal cancer, which are all associated with a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the underlying beneficial effects of combined probiotic and dietary intervention on the gut microbiota of 'non-patient' individuals previously on an HFD have yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, fecal samples were obtained from 36 volunteers on a high-fat diet and after dietary intervention for 4 months, and 16S rDNA sequencing was applied to identify how probiotics and dietary intervention had altered the composition of the microbiota. The results demonstrated that probiotics treatment and dietary intervention in combination raised the diversity of lumen microbes compared with their individual applications. A markedly separated distribution (β-diversity) was observed, confirming the difference in gut microbiota composition among the treatment groups. Bacterial taxonomic analysis demonstrated that the relative abundance of 30 species was altered among the groups following dietary intervention and/or probiotic supplementation. The majority of the species that exhibited a population increase belonged to two butyrate-producing families, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, whereas the species with reduced populations mainly belonged to the Bacteroidaceae family. Collectively, these results suggest that combined probiotic and dietary intervention is able to improve the gut microbiota composition of human subjects on an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leimin Qian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Renyuan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Ji Y, Park S, Chung Y, Kim B, Park H, Huang E, Jeong D, Jung HY, Kim B, Hyun CK, Holzapfel WH. Amelioration of obesity-related biomarkers by Lactobacillus sakei CJLS03 in a high-fat diet-induced obese murine model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6821. [PMID: 31048785 PMCID: PMC6497927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progresses in clinical diagnostic analyses have demonstrated the decisive influence of host gut microbiota on the status of metabolic disorders. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiota, in particular, are considered as a key biomarker, both of communication between gut microbiota and the host, and of impact on host metabolic homeostasis. Microbiota modulation and concomitant anti-obesity effects of probiotics have been reported by different researchers. However, the underlying modulatory functions of probiotics on gut microbiota towards host metabolic homeostasis are still not fully understood. In this study, the impact of Lactobacillus sakei CJLS03 (isolated from Korean kimchi) on obesity-related biomarkers was investigated using a diet-induced obese mouse model. Body weight increase, SCFAs, the gut microbiota and various obesity-associated biomarkers were significantly and beneficially influenced by L. sakei CJLS03 administration compared to the control groups. Analytical data on faecal samples support the role of the colonic microbial population in SCFA production. The composition of the latter may be influenced by modulation of the distal gastro-intestinal microbiota by putative probiotics such as L. sakei CJLS03.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosep Ji
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Chung
- CJ Blossom Park, 42, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16495, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Haryung Park
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunchong Huang
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Jeong
- CJ Blossom Park, 42, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16495, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- Department of Life Science, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjoon Kim
- CJ Blossom Park, 42, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16495, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kee Hyun
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm H Holzapfel
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Zhao R, Khafipour E, Sepehri S, Huang F, Beta T, Shen GX. Impact of Saskatoon berry powder on insulin resistance and relationship with intestinal microbiota in high fat-high sucrose diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 69:130-138. [PMID: 31078906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the impact of Saskatoon berry powder (SBp) on insulin resistance, inflammation and intestinal microbiota in diet-induced obese mice. Male C57 BL/6 J mice were fed control diet, high fat-high sucrose (HFHS) diet or HFHS+5% SBp (HFHS+B) diet for 15 weeks. The composition of fecal bacterial community was characterized using the Illumina sequencing of V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. HFHS diet increased body weight, fasting plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, monocyte adhesion, tumor necrosis factor-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1, urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor in plasma or aortae compared to the control diet. HFHS+B diet postponed the increase in body weight, suppressed HFHS diet-induced disorders in the metabolic and inflammatory variables. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in the HFHS group was higher than that in the control group (P<.01), and that in the HFHS+B group was lower than that in the HFHS group (P<.05). The abundances of S24-7 family negatively correlated with body weight and tested metabolic or inflammatory variables. The results suggest that SBp attenuated HFHS diet-induced metabolic disorders and vascular inflammation in gut microbiota in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruozhi Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba
| | | | - Shadi Sepehri
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Trust Beta
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Garry X Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba.
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46
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Anlu W, Dongcheng C, He Z, Qiuyi L, Yan Z, Yu Q, Hao X, Keji C. Using herbal medicine to target the “microbiota-metabolism-immunity” axis as possible therapy for cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:205-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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47
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Yue SJ, Liu J, Wang AT, Meng XT, Yang ZR, Peng C, Guan HS, Wang CY, Yan D. Berberine alleviates insulin resistance by reducing peripheral branched-chain amino acids. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E73-E85. [PMID: 30422704 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00256.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increased circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance (IR). However, evidence relating berberine (BBR), gut microbiota, BCAAs, and IR is limited. Here, we showed that BBR could effectively rectify steatohepatitis and glucose intolerance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. BBR reorganized gut microbiota populations under both the normal chow diet (NCD) and HFD. Particularly, BBR noticeably decreased the relative abundance of BCAA-producing bacteria, including order Clostridiales; families Streptococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Prevotellaceae; and genera Streptococcus and Prevotella. Compared with the HFD group, predictive metagenomics indicated a reduction in the proportion of gut microbiota genes involved in BCAA biosynthesis but the enrichment genes for BCAA degradation and transport by BBR treatment. Accordingly, the elevated serum BCAAs of HFD group were significantly decreased by BBR. Furthermore, the Western blotting results implied that BBR could promote the BCAA catabolism in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissues of HFD-fed mice by activation of the multienzyme branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC), whereas by inhibition of the phosphorylation state of BCKDHA (E1α subunit) and branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK). The ex vivo assay further confirmed that BBR could increase BCAA catabolism in both AML12 hepatocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Finally, data from healthy subjects and diabetics confirmed that BBR could improve glycemic control and modulate circulating BCAAs. Together, our findings clarified BBR improving IR associated not only with gut microbiota alteration in BCAA biosynthesis but also with BCAA catabolism in liver and adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education of China), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , China
| | - Juan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , China
| | - Ai-Ting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xin-Tong Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Zhi-Rui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Cheng Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chengdu , China
| | - Hua-Shi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education of China), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education of China), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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Guo Y, Wang Z, Chen L, Tang L, Wen S, Liu Y, Yuan J. Diet induced maternal obesity affects offspring gut microbiota and persists into young adulthood. Food Funct 2018; 9:4317-4327. [PMID: 30040095 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00444g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that diet could shape the host gut microbiome composition. Herein, we investigated the effects of maternal high fat diet (HFD) consumption on the gut microbiota and serum profile of mice offspring, and attempted to explore the beneficial roles of maternal probiotics intervention. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed with normal diet, HFD or HFD with daily probiotics (B. breve DM8310, L. acidophilus DM8302, L. casei DM8121 and S. thermophilus DM8309) by gavage starting 6 weeks prior to breeding and continued throughout gestation and lactation. Pups of HFD dams had higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, insulin and leptin compared to those of chow-fed dams. Maternal probiotics intervention resulted in a decrease in the lipid levels in all the pups, while the glucose, insulin and leptin levels were decreased only in adult female pups compared to those from HFD-fed dams; the decreased levels were similar to those in the pups of chow-fed dams. In line with these plasma changes, maternal HFD persistently altered the composition of the offspring gut microbiota in a sex specific way. Maternal probiotics intervention could ameliorate gut microbiota dysbiosis in the offspring. Such intervention showed better effects particularly for the female pups at adulthood. In conclusion, maternal HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorder could persist through the adulthood of the offspring. Maternal probiotics intervention can negate the detrimental effects of maternal HFD on the gut microbiota and metabolism in the offspring in a sex specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Guo
- Department of Microecology, School of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China.
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49
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Del Fiol FS, Balcão VM, Barberato-Fillho S, Lopes LC, Bergamaschi CC. Obesity: A New Adverse Effect of Antibiotics? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1408. [PMID: 30559670 PMCID: PMC6287021 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of antibiotics, they have been used freely, with their prescription occurring almost always when they were not necessary. The other major form of contact between humans and antibiotics, now unintentionally, is with the large amount of these drugs in the environment and in our food. The relationship between antibiotic use and the development of obesity has become increasingly evident and apparent in humans, with some authors clearly establishing the relationship between the large-scale use of antibiotics in the past 70 years and the “epidemic” of obesity that has occurred in parallel, almost as an adverse epidemiological effect. In the research effort entertained herein, a correlation between the use and abuse of antibiotics and the onset of obesity was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando S Del Fiol
- Seriema - Evidence Service for Monitoring and Evaluation, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Victor M Balcão
- PhageLab - Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages of UNISO, i(bs)2 - Intelligent Biosensing and Biomolecule Stabilization Research Group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Silvio Barberato-Fillho
- Seriema - Evidence Service for Monitoring and Evaluation, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Lopes
- Seriema - Evidence Service for Monitoring and Evaluation, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Bergamaschi
- Seriema - Evidence Service for Monitoring and Evaluation, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
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50
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Lindheim L, Manti M, Fornes R, Bashir M, Czarnewski P, Diaz OE, Seifert M, Engstrand L, Villablanca EJ, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Stener-Victorin E. Reproductive and Behavior Dysfunction Induced by Maternal Androgen Exposure and Obesity Is Likely Not Gut Microbiome-Mediated. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:1363-1380. [PMID: 30534630 PMCID: PMC6280317 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder of unclear etiology in women and is characterized by androgen excess, insulin resistance, and mood disorders. The gut microbiome is known to influence conditions closely related with PCOS, and several recent studies have observed changes in the stool microbiome of women with PCOS. The mechanism by which the gut microbiome interacts with PCOS is still unknown. We used a mouse model to investigate if diet-induced maternal obesity and maternal DHT exposure, mimicking the lean and obese PCOS women, cause lasting changes in the gut microbiome of offspring. Fecal microbiome profiles were assessed using Illumina paired-end sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V4 amplicons. We found sex-specific effects of maternal and offspring diet, and maternal DHT exposure on fecal bacterial richness and taxonomic composition. Female offspring exposed to maternal obesity and DHT displayed reproductive dysfunction and anxietylike behavior. Fecal microbiota transplantation from DHT and diet-induced obesity exposed female offspring to wild-type mice did not transfer reproductive dysfunction and did not cause the expected increase in anxietylike behavior in recipients. Maternal obesity and androgen exposure affect the gut microbiome of offspring, but the disrupted estrous cycles and anxietylike behavior are likely not microbiome-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lindheim
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Manti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Romina Fornes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mina Bashir
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar E Diaz
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maike Seifert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genomics Facility, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genomics Facility, Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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