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Li Y, Li YJ, Fang X, Chen DQ, Yu WQ, Zhu ZQ. Peripheral inflammation as a potential mechanism and preventive strategy for perioperative neurocognitive disorder under general anesthesia and surgery. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1365448. [PMID: 39022312 PMCID: PMC11252726 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1365448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia, as a commonly used medical intervention, has been widely applied during surgical procedures to ensure rapid loss of consciousness and pain relief for patients. However, recent research suggests that general anesthesia may be associated with the occurrence of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND). PND is characterized by a decline in cognitive function after surgery, including impairments in attention, memory, learning, and executive functions. With the increasing trend of population aging, the burden of PND on patients and society's health and economy is becoming more evident. Currently, the clinical consensus tends to believe that peripheral inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of PND, providing strong support for further investigating the mechanisms and prevention of PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
| | - Ying-Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical School of North Sichuan Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Dong-Qin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhao-Qiong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Early Clinical Research Ward of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Kumar A, Mahapatra S, Nayak L, Biswal M, Sahoo U, Lal MK, Nayak AK, Pati K. Tuber crops could be a potential food component for lowering starch digestibility and estimated glycemic index in rice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38953558 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice is considered a high estimated glycemic index (eGI) food because of its higher starch digestibility, which leads to type II diabetes and obesity as a result of a sedentary life style. Furthermore, the incresaing diabetes cases in rice-consuming populations worldwide need alternative methods to reduce the glycemic impact of rice, with dietary prescriptions based on the eGI value of food being an attractive and practical concept. Rice is often paired with vegetables, pulses, tubers and roots, a staple food group in Africa, Latin America and Asia, which are rich in fibre and health-promoting compounds. RESULTS Rice from four categories (high protein, scented, general and pigmented) was analyzed for eGI and resistant starch (RS) content. Among the genotypes, Improved Lalat had the lowest eGI (53.12) with a relatively higher RS content (2.17%), whereas Hue showed the lowest RS (0.19%) with the highest eGI (76.3) value. The addition of tuber crops to rice caused a significant lowering of eGI where the maximum beneficial effect was shown by elephant foot yam (49.37) followed by yam bean (53.07) and taro (54.43). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that combining rice with suitable tuber crops can significantly reduce its eGI value, potentially reducing the burden of diet-associated lifestyle diseases particularly diabetics. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Upasana Sahoo
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry & Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | | | - Kalidas Pati
- Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
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Norouzzadeh M, Teymoori F, Farhadnejad H, Moslehi N, Rahideh ST, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. The interaction between diet quality and cigarette smoking on the incidence of hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause mortality. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12371. [PMID: 38811588 PMCID: PMC11137059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the interaction between diet quality indices (DQIs) and smoking on the incidence of hypertension (HTN), stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and all-cause mortality. We prospectively followed 5720 participants and collected dietary data via a validated food frequency questionnaire to calculate DQI-international (DQI-I) and DQI-revised (DQI-R). Considering an interaction analysis, we classified participants based on diet quality (median: higher/lower) and smoking status. Over 9 years of follow-up, higher diet quality scores were associated with a lower risk of stroke and mortality. While current smokers had a higher risk of stroke and mortality but had a lower risk of developing HTN. Compared to the current smokers with lower diet quality, nonsmokers with higher diet quality according to the DQI-I [HR 0.24; 95% CI (0.08, 0.66)], and DQI-R [HR 0.20; 95% CI (0.07, 0.57)] had a lower risk of stroke. Moreover, the lower risk of mortality was more evident in nonsmokers with higher DQI-I [HR 0.40; 95% CI (0.22-0.75)] and DQI-R scores [HR 0.34; 95% CI (0.18-0.63)] compared to nonsmokers with lower diet quality. While higher DQI-I and DQI-R scores were associated with a lower risk of stroke and mortality, this beneficial effect may be negated by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Norouzzadeh
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Moslehi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Collatuzzo G, Cortez Lainez J, Pelucchi C, Negri E, Bonzi R, Palli D, Ferraroni M, Zhang ZF, Yu GP, Lunet N, Morais S, López-Carrillo L, Zaridze D, Maximovitch D, Guevara M, Santos-Sanchez V, Vioque J, Garcia de la Hera M, Ward MH, Malekzadeh R, Pakseresht M, Hernández-Ramírez RU, Turati F, Rabkin CS, Liao LM, Sinha R, López-Cervantes M, Tsugane S, Hidaka A, Camargo MC, Curado MP, Zubair N, Kristjansson D, Shah S, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P. The association between dietary fiber intake and gastric cancer: a pooled analysis of 11 case-control studies. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03388-w. [PMID: 38687390 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer (GC) is among the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between dietary fiber intake and GC. METHODS We pooled data from 11 population or hospital-based case-control studies included in the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project, for a total of 4865 histologically confirmed cases and 10,626 controls. Intake of dietary fibers and other dietary factors was collected using food frequency questionnaires. We calculated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between dietary fiber intake and GC by using a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for study site, sex, age, caloric intake, smoking, fruit and vegetable intake, and socioeconomic status. We conducted stratified analyses by these factors, as well as GC anatomical site and histological type. RESULTS The OR of GC for an increase of one quartile of fiber intake was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.97), that for the highest compared to the lowest quartile of dietary fiber intake was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.88). Results were similar irrespective of anatomical site and histological type. CONCLUSION Our analysis supports the hypothesis that dietary fiber intake may exert a protective effect on GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Pelucchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, BO, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Bonzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guo-Pei Yu
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Samantha Morais
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - David Zaridze
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Maximovitch
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, 31003, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarre Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Santos-Sanchez
- Centro de Investigacion en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente, Huelva University, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jesus Vioque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL-UMH, 46020, Alicante, Spain
| | - Manoli Garcia de la Hera
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL-UMH, 46020, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mary H Ward
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Pakseresht
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Hidaka
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Maria Paula Curado
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadia Zubair
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shailja Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Gastroenterology Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, BO, Italy.
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Norouzzadeh M, Teymoori F, Farhadnejad H, Moslehi N, Mirmiran P, Rahideh ST, Azizi F. Cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease incidence and all-cause mortality: the modifying role of diet quality. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1021. [PMID: 38609915 PMCID: PMC11010434 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the potential long-term joint association between smoking and diet quality as modifiable risk factors concerning cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) incidence and all-cause mortality among current and former smokers. METHODS The study followed 955 smokers from the third and fourth examinations of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study to March 2018. Dietary data was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. Three diet quality indices (DQIs) were computed at baseline: DQI-international (DQI-I), DQI-revised (DQI-R), and Mediterranean-DQI (Med-DQI). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the HR (95% CI) of the joint association between smoking and diet quality among heavy and light smokers, based on the number of cigarettes per day and pack-years, as well as between current and former smokers based on smoking habits. RESULTS Over a follow-up period of almost eight years, 94 cases of CVDs (9.80%) and 40 cases of mortality (4.20%) were documented. The lower diet quality based on the Med-DQI was associated with a higher risk of mortality among current smokers (HR:3.45; 95%CI:1.12, 10.57). Light smokers with good diet quality, compared to heavy smokers with poor diet quality, had a lower risk of CVDs incident (HR:0.35; 95%CI: 0.15, 0.83) and all-cause mortality (HR:0.20; 95%CI:0.05, 0.77). Current smokers with good DQI had a lower risk of mortality compared to current smokers with poor DQI (HR:0.26; 95%CI:0.08, 0.80). However, this lower risk was more significant in former smokers with good DQI (HR:0.10; 95%CI:0.02, 0.45). CONCLUSIONS Light and former smokers had a lower risk of developing CVDs and experiencing mortality. However, when coupled with a high-quality diet, this protective effect is even more pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Norouzzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Moslehi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Tayebeh Rahideh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Heefner A, Simovic T, Mize K, Rodriguez-Miguelez P. The Role of Nutrition in the Development and Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:1136. [PMID: 38674827 PMCID: PMC11053888 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent lung condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The management of COPD classically involves pulmonary rehabilitation, bronchodilators, and corticosteroids. An aspect of COPD management that is currently lacking in the literature is nutritional management, despite the prevalence of inadequate nutritional status in patients with COPD. In addition, certain nutritional imbalances have been reported to increase the risk of COPD development. This review summarizes the current literature on the role diet and nutrients may play in the risk and management of COPD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Heefner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Tijana Simovic
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Kasey Mize
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Kim J, Baek Y, Lee S. Consumption of dietary fiber and APOA5 genetic variants in metabolic syndrome: baseline data from the Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort Study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:19. [PMID: 38581036 PMCID: PMC10998362 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of dietary fiber has been suggested as an important aspect of a healthy diet to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), including cardiovascular disease. The role of fiber intake in MetS might differ by individual genetic susceptibility. APOA5 encodes a regulator of plasma triglyceride levels, which impacts the related mechanisms of MetS. This study investigated the association between dietary fiber and the risk of MetS, assessing their associations according to APOA5 genetic variants. METHODS A total of 1985 participants aged 30-55 years were included from a cross-sectional study based on the Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort study at baseline (2017-2019). Dietary fiber intake was measured using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The APOA5 polymorphisms (rs2266788 A > G, rs662799 A > G, and rs651821 T > C) were genotyped using the Asia Precision Medicine Research Array. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS A higher consumption of dietary fiber was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS (P = 0.025). Among the components of MetS, an inverse association with dietary fiber was observed in increased waist circumference (OR, 95% CI = 0.60, 0.41-0.88, P for trend = 0.009) and elevated triglycerides (OR, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.50-0.96, P for trend = 0.012). Regarding the interaction with APOA5 genetic variants, a stronger association with dietary fiber intake was shown in G allele carriers of rs662799 than in A/A carriers (OR, 95% CI = 2.34, 1.59-3.44, P for interaction = 0.024) and in C allele carriers of rs651821 than in T/T carriers (OR, 95% CI = 2.35, 1.59-3.46, P for interaction = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the benefits of dietary fiber on the risk of MetS could be modified by genetic variants of the APOA5 gene, providing a more effective strategy for preventing MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimi Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, 51140, Changwon, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | - Younghwa Baek
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, 34054, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Siwoo Lee
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, 34054, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Sudhakaran SMN, Mathew SE, Shakappa D. Accurate assessment of macronutrients and micro-elements of ten newly developed green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) cultivars grown in Uttar Pradesh, India. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3606-3613. [PMID: 38148709 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green gram is a rich source of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and minerals. However, accurate data on the nutritional composition of green gram remains scarce since most researchers reported the carbohydrate content using the 'by difference method'. The objective of the current study is to accurately estimate the nutritional and mineral composition of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). RESULTS Ten newly developed varieties and three local varieties of green gram were subjected to proximate and mineral composition analysis. The green gram varieties differed significantly (P < 0.05) for proximate and mineral content. From the results, they contain 62.5 to 84.6 g/kg of moisture, 28.3-37.4 g/kg of ash, 21.9-3.08 g/kg of fat, 484.6-535.7 g/kg of carbohydrate, 228.7-277.6 g/kg of protein, and 118.3-157.9 g/kg of dietary fibre. The most abundant mineral found was phosphorus, ranging 2716.66-4473.49 mg/kg followed by 3183.31-3597.61 mg/kg of potassium, 1506.51-1713.93 mg/kg of magnesium, 166.38-340.62 mg/kg of calcium, 40.16-348.79 mg/kg of iron, 27.60-34.35 mg/kg of zinc, 5.95-12.86 mg/kg of copper and 8.65-19.47 mg/kg of manganese. CONCLUSION The newly developed varieties of green gram showed high protein and dietary fibre content, while the local varieties were high in calcium and iron. Hence, both types of varieties are nutritionally significant. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shreyas Elma Mathew
- Department of Dietetics, ICMR - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Devindra Shakappa
- Department of Dietetics, ICMR - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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Farhadnejad H, Mokhtari E, Teymoori F, Jahromi MK, Saber N, Ahmadirad H, Norouzzadeh M, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Macronutrients quality indices and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in Iranian adults. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:126. [PMID: 38408923 PMCID: PMC10898212 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Evidence from recent studies suggested that the quality of dietary macronutrients can play a possible role in predicting the risk of metabolic disorders. In the current study, we aimed to assess the association of carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and protein score with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian adults. METHODS This prospective study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study on 1738 individuals aged between 40 and 70 years old, who were followed up for a mean of 6.1 years. A food frequency questionnaire was used to determine CQI and protein scores. The multivariable adjusted Cox regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) of MetS across quartiles of protein score and CQI, and its components. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age and body mass index of the study population (42.5% men) were 49.3 ± 7.5 years and 27.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2, respectively. Mean ± SD scores of CQI and protein for all participants were 12.6 ± 2.4 and 10.3 ± 3.5, respectively. During the study follow-up, 834(48.0%) new cases of MetS were ascertained. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the risk of MetS was decreased across quartiles of CQI (HR = 0.83;95%CI:0.69-1.00, Ptrend=0.025) and protein score (HR = 0.75; 95% CI:0.60-0.94, Ptrend=0.041). Also, Of CQI components, the whole grain/total grains ratio showed a significant inverse association with the risk of MetS (HR = 0.75;95%CI:0.60-0.94, Ptrend=0.012). CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that a dietary pattern with higher CQI and protein score may be related to a reduced risk of MetS in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mitra Kazemi Jahromi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Niloufar Saber
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadirad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Norouzzadeh
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Wan H, Zhang Y, Ning Z, Liu M, Yang S. Associations of cereal fiber intake with rheumatoid arthritis mediated by dietary inflammatory index: insights from NHANES 2011-2020. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2415. [PMID: 38287064 PMCID: PMC10825116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52806-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an increasingly prevalent inflammatory disorder worldwide. Its complex etiology has recently brought dietary factors, particularly fiber intake, into focus as potential influencers. Our study investigates the intricate relationship between various sources of dietary fiber and RA, emphasizing the mediating role of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). Leveraging data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011 to 2020. We meticulously assessed dietary fiber intake through dual 24 h dietary recall interviews, while RA diagnoses were established based on comprehensive medical surveys. The relationships between fiber intake, RA prevalence, and DII mediation were analyzed using sophisticated multivariate logistic regression and mediation analysis. Among our study cohort, 7% were diagnosed with RA. We observed a notable inverse correlation between increased total fiber intake, particularly 5 g/day increments, and the incidence of RA, with cereal fiber intake emerging as the primary mitigating factor. Intriguingly, the DII played a significant role in mediating this association, especially regarding cereal fiber. Our findings reveal a significant association between higher cereal fiber consumption and a reduced prevalence of RA. Additionally, the DII stands out as a pivotal mediator in this relationship, highlighting dietary management's critical role in preventing and managing RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wan
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, The Seconds Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Gland Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxing Ning
- Guangxi Hospital Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Hengyang Medical School, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shudong Yang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Seconds Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, No. 35 Jiefang Road, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang City, 421001, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Mironeasa S, Coţovanu I, Mironeasa C, Ungureanu-Iuga M. A Review of the Changes Produced by Extrusion Cooking on the Bioactive Compounds from Vegetal Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1453. [PMID: 37507991 PMCID: PMC10376774 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for healthy ready-to-eat foods like snacks is increasing. Physical modification of vegetal food matrices through extrusion generates significant changes in the chemical composition of the final product. There is a great variety of food matrices that can be used in extrusion, most of them being based on cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, or seeds. The aim of this review was to summarize the main effects of the extrusion process on the bioactive compounds content, namely phenolics, terpenes, vitamins, minerals, and fibers of vegetal mixes, as well as on their biological activity. The literature reported contradictory results regarding the changes in bioactive compounds after extrusion, mainly due to the differences in the processing conditions, chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and nutritional value of the extruded material and quantification methods. The thermolabile phenolics and vitamins were negatively affected by extrusion, while the fiber content was proved to be enhanced. Further research is needed regarding the interactions between bioactive components during extrusion, as well as a more detailed analysis of the impact of extrusion on the terpenes since there are few papers dealing with this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mironeasa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Ionica Coţovanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Costel Mironeasa
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Automotive and Robotics, "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mădălina Ungureanu-Iuga
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control (MANSiD), "Ştefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, 13 Universitatii Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Mountain Economy Center (CE-MONT), "Costin C. Kiriţescu" National Institute of Economic Researches (INCE), Romanian Academy, 49 Petreni Street, 725700 Vatra Dornei, Romania
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12
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Chung ST, Krenek A, Magge SN. Childhood Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023:10.1007/s11883-023-01111-4. [PMID: 37256483 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The global epidemic of youth-onset obesity is tightly linked to the rising burden of cardiometabolic disease across the lifespan. While the link between childhood obesity and cardiovascular disease is established, this contemporary review summarizes recent and novel advances in this field that elucidate the mechanisms and impact of this public health issue. RECENT FINDINGS The review highlights the emerging data supporting the relationship between childhood adverse events, social determinants of health, and systemic and institutional systems as etiological factors. We also provide updates on new screening and treatment approaches including updated nutrition and dietary guidelines and benchmarks for pediatric obesity screening, novel pharmacological agents for pediatric obesity and type 2 diabetes such as glucagon-like 1 peptide receptor agonists, and we discuss the long-term safety and efficacy data on surgical management of pediatric obesity. The global burden of pediatric obesity continues to rise and is associated with accelerated and early vascular aging especially in youth with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Socio-ecological determinants of risk mediate and moderate the relationship of childhood obesity with cardiometabolic disease. Recognizing the importance of neighborhood level influences as etiological factors in the development of cardiovascular disease is critical for designing effective policies and interventions. Novel surgical and pharmacological interventions are effective pediatric weight-loss interventions, but future research is needed to assess whether these agents, within a socio-ecological framework, will be associated with abatement of the pediatric obesity epidemic and related increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Chung
- Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Disease, NIH Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Krenek
- Section on Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Disease, NIH Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheela N Magge
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Rubenstein Bldg, Rm 3114, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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13
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Pešić MB, Pešić MM, Bezbradica J, Stanojević AB, Ivković P, Milinčić DD, Demin M, Kostić AŽ, Dojčinović B, Stanojević SP. Okara-Enriched Gluten-Free Bread: Nutritional, Antioxidant and Sensory Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104098. [PMID: 37241841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce an eco-innovative gluten-free bread with a pleasant taste and a unique formulation that includes the highest quality grains and pseudocereals (buckwheat; rice; and millet); and okara; a by-product of soy milk production. The mixture of pseudocereal and cereal flour contained buckwheat flour 45%, rice flour 33%, and millet flour 22%. Three gluten-free breads; each containing different contents of gluten-free flour (90%, 80%, and 70%, respectively); okara (10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively); and a control sample (without okara); were prepared and subjected to sensory evaluation. The okara-enriched gluten-free bread with the highest sensory score was selected for further analysis of physico-chemical (total proteins; total carbohydrates; insoluble fiber; soluble fiber; sugars; total lipids; saturated fatty acids; and salt) and functional properties (total phenolic content and antioxidant properties). The highest sensory scores were obtained for 30% okara-enriched gluten-free bread including taste; shape; odor; chewiness; and cross-section properties; classifying this bread in the category of very good quality and excellent quality (mean score 4.30 by trained evaluators and 4.59 by consumers). This bread was characterized by a high content of dietary fiber (14%), the absence of sugar; low content of saturated fatty acids (0.8%), rich source of proteins (8.8%) and certain minerals (e.g.,; iron; zinc); and low energy value (136.37 kcal/100g DW). Total phenolic content was 133.75 mgGAE/100g FW; whereas ferric reducing power; ABTS radical cation; and DPPH radical scavenging activity were 119.25 mgAA/100g FW; 86.80 mgTrolox/100g FW; and 49.92 mgTrolox/100g FW; respectively. Okara addition in gluten-free bread production enables the formulation of high-nutritive; good antioxidative; low-energy bread; and better soy milk waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana B Pešić
- Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica M Pešić
- Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Bezbradica
- Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anđela B Stanojević
- Lund University Center for Sustainable Studies (LUCSUS), Faculty of Social Sciences, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petra Ivković
- Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijel D Milinčić
- Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Demin
- Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Ž Kostić
- Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Dojčinović
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sladjana P Stanojević
- Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Siri G, Nikrad N, Keshavari S, Jamshidi S, Fayyazishishavan E, Ardekani AM, Farhangi MA, Jafarzadeh F. A high Diabetes Risk Reduction Score (DRRS) is associated with a better cardio-metabolic profile among obese individuals. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:31. [PMID: 36737726 PMCID: PMC9896813 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary indices and scores are valuable predictive markers against chronic diseases. Several previous studies have revealed the beneficial effects of diabetes risk reduction score (DRRS) against diabetes and cancer incidence. However, its association with metabolic abnormalities among obese individuals have not been revealed before. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between DRRS and metabolic risk factors among obese individuals. METHODS In the current cross-sectional study, 342 obese individuals [Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2] aged 20-50 years were included. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of 168 food items and DRRS was calculated. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Enzymatic methods were used to assess serum lipids, glucose, and insulin concentrations. Blood pressure was measured by a sphygmomanometer and body composition with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). RESULTS Those with a higher adherence to DRRS had a significantly higher intake of energy, fiber, and lower protein compared with those in the lower quartiles. Moreover, lower intakes of trans fats, meat, sugar sweetened beverages (SSB), and glycemic index (GI) with higher intakes of fruits, cereal fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids/ saturated fatty acids (PUFA/ SFA) ratio, coffee, and nuts were observed in the highest versus lowest DRRS categories. Lower systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride and, higher high-density lipoprotein values were observed in higher DRRS categories. Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension was significantly associated with adherence to DRRS among obese individuals, the odds ratio (OR) was 0.686 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.84) after adjustment for potential confounders. But the risk of other components of MetS was not significantly associated with higher quartiles of adherence to DRRS. Also, a non-significantly lower prevalence of MetS was observed in the higher quartile of DRRS. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of the current study, higher DRRS was associated with lower blood pressure, modified serum lipids, and lower Mets prevalence. Further studies in different populations are warranted for better generalization of the obtained findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goli Siri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Nikrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sheida Keshavari
- Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saideh Jamshidi
- Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Fayyazishishavan
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX77030 USA
| | - Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Neyshabouri, Daneshgah Blv, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faria Jafarzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
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15
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Hu Q, Ma R, Tang X, Long R, Wang Q, Fu C, Li R, Xiao H. Self-assembled nanoparticles of curcuminoids and soluble dietary fibers: Characterization and mechanism. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Teymoori F, Farhadnejad H, Jahromi MK, Vafa M, Ahmadirad H, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index with the risk of chronic kidney disease: Findings from a prospective cohort study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1003545. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1003545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/AimThis study aimed to examine the associations between dietary protein score and carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Iranian adults.MethodsThis population-based cohort study was performed within the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study framework on 6,044 subjects aged ≥18 years old, who were followed up for a mean of 7.7 years. Dietary protein score and CQI were determined using a food frequency questionnaire. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate the risk of CKD across tertiles of protein score and CQI.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) of age and body mass index of participants were 37.9 (12.8) years and 26.8 (4.7) kg/m2, respectively. During the 7.7 ± 2.7 years of follow-up, 1,216 cases (20.1%) of CKD were ascertained. In the final adjusted model, individuals in the highest tertile of protein score had decreased risk of CKD (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74–0.98, Ptrend = 0.033). Also, there is a significant association between total carbohydrate score (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–0.99, Ptrend = 0.016), the ratio of whole grain/total grains (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70–0.94, Ptrend = 0.004), and glycemic index (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12–1.51, Ptrend < 0.001) and risk of CKD. However, no significant association was found between total protein intakes, plant-to-animal ratio, and solid carbohydrate/total carbohydrate with the risk of CKD.ConclusionOur results revealed a diet with a high protein score and high quality of carbohydrates, characterized by higher intakes of plant proteins, low glycaemic index (GI) carbohydrates, whole grain, fibers, and lower intakes of animal proteins, can be related to reduced CKD risk.
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17
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Potential Prebiotic Effect of Cava Lees: Changes in Gut Microbiota. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lees are a winery by-product with a fiber-rich composition that could have a potential prebiotic effect on gut microbiota. Prebiotics cannot be digested by humans but can be used by bacteria found in the large intestine. To evaluate the potential prebiotic effect of lees, they were administered to Wistar rats for 14 days. Feces were collected daily, and DNA was extracted and analyzed by shot gun sequencing. The supplementation with lees did not affect weight, food intake, or water consumption of the studied rats. It was found that lees promoted the increase of relative abundance of probiotic bacteria belonging to the Lactobacillaceae family, as well as other potentially probiotic species such as Blautia hansenii, Roseburia intestinalis, and Ruminococcus obeum. Moreover, lees supplementation also reduced the abundance of certain pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, lees can improve the presence of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and can be re-valorized as a new ingredient in food formulation.
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18
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Rahim MA, Umar M, Habib A, Imran M, Khalid W, Lima CMG, Shoukat A, Itrat N, Nazir A, Ejaz A, Zafar A, Awuchi CG, Sharma R, Santana RF, Emran TB. Photochemistry, Functional Properties, Food Applications, and Health Prospective of Black Rice. J CHEM-NY 2022; 2022:1-21. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2755084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review investigates black rice’s photochemistry, functional properties, food applications, and health prospects. There are different varieties of black rice available in the world. The origins of this product can be traced back to Asian countries. This rice is also known as prohibited rice, emperor’s rice, and royal’s rice. Black rice is composed of different nutrients including fiber, protein, carbohydrates, potassium, and vitamin B complex. It contains an antioxidant called anthocyanin and tocopherols. Antioxidants are found mostly in foods that are black or dark purple. Due to its nutritious density, high fiber level, and high antioxidant content, black rice is a good alternative to white and brown rice. Utilizing black rice in various foods can enhance the nutritional value of food and be transformed into functional food items. Many noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) can be prevented by eating black rice daily, including cancer cells, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, asthma, digestive health, and stroke risk. This review aim was to discuss the role of nutritional and functional properties of black rice in the formation of functional food against different noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Umar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Habib
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Aurbab Shoukat
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nizwa Itrat
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anum Nazir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Afaf Ejaz
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amna Zafar
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Box 20000 Kansanga, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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19
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Physiochemical properties of jet-cooked amaranth and improved rheological properties by processed oat bran. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Kwon YJ, Lee HS, Park GE, Lee JW. Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Middle Aged and Elderly Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:863391. [PMID: 35520287 PMCID: PMC9062480 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.863391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and AimsDespite accumulating evidence on the benefits of dietary fiber in the general population, there is a lack of representative data on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study examined the role of dietary fiber intake on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with CKD using representative Korean cohort data.MethodsThe study included 3,892 participants with estimated glomerular filtration rates <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Mortality status was followed by data linkage with national data sources. Nutritional status was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary fiber was categorized into quintiles (Q). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.ResultsThe average daily fiber intake of patients with CKD was 5.1 g/day. During the 10.1-year follow-up period, 602 (149 cardiovascular) deaths were documented. The HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality in the highest quintile compared with that in the lowest quintile was 0.63 (0.46–0.87) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, total calorie intake, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia (P = 0.005). The HR (95% CI) for cardiovascular mortality in the highest quintile compared with that in the lowest quintile was 0.56 (0.29–1.08) after adjusting for same confounders (P = 0.082).ConclusionIn conclusion, we observed an inverse association between dietary fiber intake and all-cause mortality in CKD patients. Small increments in fiber intake reduced the risk of all-cause mortality by 37%. This finding highlights the need for inexpensive but important dietary modification strategies for encouraging fiber intake in the Korean CKD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Go Eun Park
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ji-Won Lee
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21
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Lin S. Dietary fiber in bakery products: Source, processing, and function. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 99:37-100. [PMID: 35595397 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bakery products are prevalently consumed foods in the world, and they have been regarded as convenient dietary vehicles for delivering nutritive ingredients into people's diet, of which, dietary fiber (DF) is one of the most popular items. The food industry attempts to produce fiber-enriched bakery products with both increasing nutritional value and appealing palatability. As many new sources of DFs become available, and consumers are moving towards healthier diets, studies of using these DFs as functional ingredients in baked goods are becoming vast. Besides, the nutrition value of DF is commonly accepted, and many investigations have also revealed the health benefits of fiber-enriched bakery products. Thus, this chapter presents an overview of (1) trends in supplementation of DF from various sources, (2) impact of DF on dough processing, quality and physiological functionality of bakery products, and (3) technologies used to improve the compatibility of DF in bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Lin
- Key Lab for Natural Products and Functional Foods of Jiangxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.
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22
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Shivakoti R, Biggs ML, Djoussé L, Durda PJ, Kizer JR, Psaty B, Reiner AP, Tracy RP, Siscovick D, Mukamal KJ. Intake and Sources of Dietary Fiber, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease in Older US Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e225012. [PMID: 35357453 PMCID: PMC8972036 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Higher intake of dietary fiber has been associated with lower inflammation, but whether there are differences in this association by source of dietary fiber (ie, cereal, vegetable, or fruit) has not been studied to date. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the associations of total fiber intake and source (ie, cereal, vegetable, and fruit fiber intake) with inflammation and to evaluate whether inflammation mediates the inverse association between dietary fiber intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS At the baseline visit (1989-1990) of 4125 adults aged 65 years or older in an ongoing US cohort study, dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire among study participants without prevalent CVD (stroke and myocardial infarction) at enrollment. Inflammation was assessed from blood samples collected at baseline with immunoassays for markers of inflammation. Multivariable linear regression models tested the association of dietary fiber intake with inflammation. Also assessed was whether each inflammatory marker and its composite derived from principal component analysis mediated the association of baseline cereal fiber intake with development of CVD (stroke, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular death) through June 2015. Data from June 1, 1989, through June 30, 2015, were analyzed. EXPOSURES Total fiber intake and sources of fiber (cereal, vegetable, and fruit). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Systemic markers of inflammation. Cardiovascular disease was the outcome in the mediation analysis. RESULTS Of 4125 individuals, 0.1% (n = 3) were Asian or Pacific Islander, 4.4% (n = 183) were Black, 0.3% (n = 12) were Native American, 95.0% (n = 3918) were White, and 0.2% (n = 9) were classified as other. Among these 4125 individuals (2473 women [60%]; mean [SD] age, 72.6 [5.5] years; 183 Black individuals [4.4%]; and 3942 individuals of other races and ethnicitites [95.6%] [ie, race and ethnicity other than Black, self-classified by participant]), an increase in total fiber intake of 5 g/d was associated with significantly lower concentrations of C-reactive protein (adjusted mean difference, -0.05 SD; 95% CI, -0.08 to -0.01 SD; P = .007) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (adjusted mean difference, -0.04 SD; 95% CI, -0.07 to -0.01 SD; P < .02) but with higher concentrations of soluble CD163 (adjusted mean difference, 0.05 SD; 95% CI, 0.02-0.09 SD; P = .005). Among fiber sources, only cereal fiber was consistently associated with lower inflammation. Similarly, cereal fiber intake was associated with lower CVD incidence (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-1.00; 1941 incident cases). The proportion of the observed association of cereal fiber with CVD mediated by inflammatory markers ranged from 1.5% for interleukin 18 to 14.2% for C-reactive protein, and 16.1% for their primary principal component. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results of this study suggest that cereal fiber intake was associated with lower levels of various inflammatory markers and lower risk of CVD and that inflammation mediated approximately one-sixth of the association between cereal fiber intake and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Shivakoti
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Mary L. Biggs
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Boston Veterans Healthcare, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Jon Durda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Jorge R. Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Bruce Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington
| | | | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Halahlah A, Piironen V, Mikkonen KS, Ho TM. Polysaccharides as wall materials in spray-dried microencapsulation of bioactive compounds: Physicochemical properties and characterization. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6983-7015. [PMID: 35213281 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2038080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds (BCs) are types of chemicals found in plants and certain foods that promote good health, however they are sensitive to processing and environmental conditions. Microencapsulation by spray drying is a widely used and cost-effective approach to create a coating layer to surround and protect BCs and control their release, enabling the production of high functional products/ingredients with extended shelf life. In this process, wall materials determine protection efficiency, and physical properties, bioavailability, and storage stability of microencapsulated products. Therefore, an understanding of physicochemical properties of wall materials is essential for the successful and effective spray-dried microencapsulation process. Typically, polysaccharide-based wall materials are generated from more sustainable sources and have a wider range of physicochemical properties and applications compared to their protein-based counterparts. In this review, we highlight the essential physicochemical properties of polysaccharide-based wall materials for spray-dried microencapsulation of BCs including solubility, thermal stability, and emulsifying properties, rheological and film forming properties. We provide further insight into possibilities for the chemical structure modification of native wall materials and their controlled release behaviors. Finally, we summarize the most recent studies involving polysaccharide biopolymers as wall materials and/or emulsifiers in spray-dried microencapsulation of BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thao M Ho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Finland
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Parker J, O’Brien C, Hawrelak J, Gersh FL. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031336. [PMID: 35162359 PMCID: PMC8835454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly recognized as a complex metabolic disorder that manifests in genetically susceptible women following a range of negative exposures to nutritional and environmental factors related to contemporary lifestyle. The hypothesis that PCOS phenotypes are derived from a mismatch between ancient genetic survival mechanisms and modern lifestyle practices is supported by a diversity of research findings. The proposed evolutionary model of the pathogenesis of PCOS incorporates evidence related to evolutionary theory, genetic studies, in utero developmental epigenetic programming, transgenerational inheritance, metabolic features including insulin resistance, obesity and the apparent paradox of lean phenotypes, reproductive effects and subfertility, the impact of the microbiome and dysbiosis, endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure, and the influence of lifestyle factors such as poor-quality diet and physical inactivity. Based on these premises, the diverse lines of research are synthesized into a composite evolutionary model of the pathogenesis of PCOS. It is hoped that this model will assist clinicians and patients to understand the importance of lifestyle interventions in the prevention and management of PCOS and provide a conceptual framework for future research. It is appreciated that this theory represents a synthesis of the current evidence and that it is expected to evolve and change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Parker
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire O’Brien
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce 2617, Australia;
| | - Jason Hawrelak
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia;
| | - Felice L. Gersh
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85004, USA;
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Vanegas P, Zazpe I, Santiago S, Fernandez-Lazaro CI, de la O V, Martínez-González MÁ. Macronutrient quality index and cardiovascular disease risk in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3517-3530. [PMID: 35597843 PMCID: PMC9464119 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association between a multi-dimensional Macronutrient Quality Index (MQI) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Mediterranean cohort. METHODS Prospective analyses among 18,418 participants (mean age 36 years, 60.8% women) of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. Dietary intake information was obtained through a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The MQI (expressing high-quality macronutrient intake) was calculated based on three previously reported quality indices: the Carbohydrate Quality Index (CQI), the Fat Quality Index (FQI), and the Healthy Plate Protein source Quality Index (HPPQI). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and Provegetarian Diet was evaluated using the Trichopoulou index and the score proposed by Martínez-González, respectively. CVD was defined as new-onset stroke, myocardial infarction, or CVD death. RESULTS After a median follow-up time of 14 years (211,744 person-years), 171 cases of CVD were identified. A significant inverse association was found between the MQI and CVD risk with multivariable-adjusted HR for the highest vs. the lowest quartile of 0.60 (95% IC, 0.38-0.96; Ptrend = 0.024). CONCLUSION In this Mediterranean cohort, we found a significant inverse relationship between a multidimensional MQI (expressing high-quality macronutrient intake) and a lower risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vanegas
- School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Zazpe
- School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080 Pamplona, Spain ,School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080 Pamplona, Spain ,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra Spain ,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Santiago
- School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080 Pamplona, Spain ,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Cesar I. Fernandez-Lazaro
- School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080 Pamplona, Spain ,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Víctor de la O
- School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080 Pamplona, Spain ,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra Spain ,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain. .,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Adegbola A, Behrendt CA, Zyriax BC, Windler E, Kreutzburg T. The impact of nutrition on the development and progression of peripheral artery disease: A systematic review. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:49-70. [PMID: 34864455 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This systematic review sought to identify and summarize existing evidence for the impact of nutrition on the development, progression, and outcomes of peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS We performed a systematic literature search of available studies published between January 1974 and December 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational studies, and cross-sectional studies reporting either the primary or secondary prevention of PAD with nutritional intake were included. The quality assessment was performed for the RCTs, without pooling a meta-risk estimate. RESULTS Among a total of 8502 records screened, 186 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 82 studies (30% RCT) were analyzed. The nutrients were structured in fruits, vegetables and antioxidants, fats and oils, dietary fiber, meat, proteins, vitamins and trace elements, and diets and lifestyle. The findings of the current systematic review indicate that the Mediterranean diet, nuts, and polyunsaturated fat are associated with a lower incidence of PAD and saturated fat, cholesterol, and processed meat were associated with higher rates of cardiovascular events in patients suffering from PAD. CONCLUSIONS The current review found evidence of a beneficial impact of the Mediterranean diet including nuts in this target population. More RCTs and high-quality registries are needed that focus on nutritional habits among patients with PAD to design appropriate preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Adegbola
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Research Group GermanVasc, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christian-Alexander Behrendt
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Research Group GermanVasc, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- University Professorship for Midwifery Science - Health Care Research and Prevention, IVDP, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Eberhard Windler
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thea Kreutzburg
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Research Group GermanVasc, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Partial Replacement of Animal Fat with Full-Fat Almond in Broiler Chicken Diets: Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profile, Cecal-Fecal Microflora Composition, and Foot-Pad Dermatitis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113075. [PMID: 34827807 PMCID: PMC8614555 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, as the price of grains in feed increases worldwide, interest in new raw materials that can replace protein and fat sources is increasing. This study evaluated the effect of full-fat almonds (FFA) on broiler nutrition. In the study, the formulation of FFA as a raw material showed higher growth performance than the basic feed. This seems to be due to the high digestibility of protein and fat and the promotion of intestinal health through the reduction of harmful microorganisms in the intestine. Therefore, FFA can be used as a high-quality protein and fat substitute as a raw material for broiler feed. Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of full-fat almonds (FFA) as an alternative protein and fat source for broiler feed on broiler productivity, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, cecal-fecal microflora, and foot-pad dermatitis (FPD). A total of 96, one-day-old broiler chickens (Arbor Acres) with initial body weight 41.61 ± 0.36 g were placed in 16 cages. In each trial, four treatments were set up: a basal diet partially replacing animal fat with FFA 0% (Control, CON), a basal diet partially replacing animal fat with FFA 1% (T1), a basal diet partial replacing animal fat with FFA 2% (T2), a basal diet partially replacing animal fat with FFA 4% (T3). The experiment was conducted for a total of 4 weeks. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher (p < 0.05) in the T3 group of broilers at weeks 0 to 1 than in the CON group of broilers. From weeks 3 to 4, and for the entire experimental period, FCR was lower (p < 0.05) in the T3 group of broilers than in the CON and T1 groups of broilers. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of the ether extract (EE) was higher (p < 0.05) in the T3 group than in the other treatment groups, and AID of crude protein (CP) was higher (p < 0.05) in the T3 group than in the CON group. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of EE was lower (p < 0.05) in the CON group than in the other treatment groups, and the ATTD of CP and energy was higher (p < 0.05) in the T3 group of broilers than in the CON group of broilers. The AID and ATTD of total amino acids were higher (p < 0.05) in the T3 group than in the other treatment groups. Blood cholesterol levels were lower (p < 0.05) in the T3 group of broilers than in the CON and T1 groups of broilers, and higher (p < 0.05) in the CON group of broilers than in the T2 and T3 groups of broilers. The amount of E. coli in the cecal and fecal was lower (p < 0.05) in the T3 group than in CON and T1 groups. FPD score was higher (p < 0.05) in the T3 group of broilers than in the CON group of broilers. In conclusion, replacing a partial of animal fat with at least 4% FFA in broiler diets can increase growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler nutrition.
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Romero-Luna HE, Peredo-Lovillo AG, Jiménez-Fernández M. Probiotic and Potentially Probiotic Bacteria with Hypocholesterolemic Properties. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1926481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haydee Eliza Romero-Luna
- Subdirección de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico Superior De Xalapa, Tecnológico Nacional De México, Xalapa Enríquez, Veracruz, México
| | - Audry Gustavo Peredo-Lovillo
- Subdirección de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico Superior De Xalapa, Tecnológico Nacional De México, Xalapa Enríquez, Veracruz, México
| | - Maribel Jiménez-Fernández
- Departamento de Estabilidad de Alimentos, Centro De Investigación Y Desarrollo En Alimentos. Universidad Veracruzana. Dr. Castelazo Ayala S/n Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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Larrosa S, Luque V, Grote V, Closa-Monasterolo R, Ferré N, Koletzko B, Verduci E, Gruszfeld D, Xhonneux A, Escribano J. Fibre Intake Is Associated with Cardiovascular Health in European Children. Nutrients 2020; 13:E12. [PMID: 33374515 PMCID: PMC7822117 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed at analysing the association between dietary fibre intake during childhood and cardiovascular health markers. METHODS We used observational longitudinal analysis and recorded diet using 3-day diaries at the ages of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 years in children from the EU Childhood Obesity Project Trial. At the age of 8, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and biochemical analyses (lipoproteins, triglycerides and homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) were evaluated. Those parameters were combined into a cardiometabolic risk score through the sum of their internal z-scores. RESULTS Four-hundred children (51.8% girls) attended to the 8-year visit with a 3-day diary. Adjusted linear regression models showed that children who repeatedly stayed in the lowest tertile of fibre intake during childhood had higher HOMA-IR (p = 0.004), higher cardiometabolic risk score (p = 0.02) and a nonsignificant trend toward a higher SBP at 8 years. The higher the dietary intake of soluble fibre (from fruits and vegetables) at 8 years, the lower the HOMA-IR and the cardiometabolic risk score (p = 0.002; p = 0.004). SBP was directly associated with fibre from potatoes and inversely with fibre from nuts and pulses. CONCLUSION A diet rich in dietary fibre from fruits, vegetables, pulses and nuts from early childhood was associated to a healthier cardiovascular profile, regardless of children's weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Larrosa
- Paediatrics, Nutrition and Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.L.); (R.C.-M.); (N.F.)
| | - Veronica Luque
- Paediatrics, Nutrition and Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.L.); (R.C.-M.); (N.F.)
- Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Veit Grote
- Department Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany; (V.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Ricardo Closa-Monasterolo
- Paediatrics, Nutrition and Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.L.); (R.C.-M.); (N.F.)
| | - Natalia Ferré
- Paediatrics, Nutrition and Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.L.); (R.C.-M.); (N.F.)
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Department Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany; (V.G.); (B.K.)
- Else Kröner-Seniorprofessor of Paediatrics, LMU Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Pediatrics Ospedale Vittore Buzzi, University of Milan, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- Neonatal Department, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Joaquin Escribano
- Paediatrics, Nutrition and Development Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, 43204 Reus, Spain; (S.L.); (R.C.-M.); (N.F.)
- Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Karimian J, Abedi S, Shirinbakhshmasoleh M, Moodi F, Moodi V, Ghavami A. The effects of quinoa seed supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1688-1696. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Karimian
- Department of General Courses, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Sajjad Abedi
- Department of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Farzan Moodi
- School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Vihan Moodi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC) Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran
- School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
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Shinn LM, Li Y, Mansharamani A, Auvil LS, Welge ME, Bushell C, Khan NA, Charron CS, Novotny JA, Baer DJ, Zhu R, Holscher HD. Fecal Bacteria as Biomarkers for Predicting Food Intake in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2020; 151:423-433. [PMID: 33021315 PMCID: PMC7849973 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet affects the human gastrointestinal microbiota. Blood and urine samples have been used to determine nutritional biomarkers. However, there is a dearth of knowledge on the utility of fecal biomarkers, including microbes, as biomarkers of food intake. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify a compact set of fecal microbial biomarkers of food intake with high predictive accuracy. METHODS Data were aggregated from 5 controlled feeding studies in metabolically healthy adults (n = 285; 21-75 y; BMI 19-59 kg/m2; 340 data observations) that studied the impact of specific foods (almonds, avocados, broccoli, walnuts, and whole-grain barley and whole-grain oats) on the human gastrointestinal microbiota. Fecal DNA was sequenced using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Marginal screening was performed on all species-level taxa to examine the differences between the 6 foods and their respective controls. The top 20 species were selected and pooled together to predict study food consumption using a random forest model and out-of-bag estimation. The number of taxa was further decreased based on variable importance scores to determine the most compact, yet accurate feature set. RESULTS Using the change in relative abundance of the 22 taxa remaining after feature selection, the overall model classification accuracy of all 6 foods was 70%. Collapsing barley and oats into 1 grains category increased the model accuracy to 77% with 23 unique taxa. Overall model accuracy was 85% using 15 unique taxa when classifying almonds (76% accurate), avocados (88% accurate), walnuts (72% accurate), and whole grains (96% accurate). Additional statistical validation was conducted to confirm that the model was predictive of specific food intake and not the studies themselves. CONCLUSIONS Food consumption by healthy adults can be predicted using fecal bacteria as biomarkers. The fecal microbiota may provide useful fidelity measures to ascertain nutrition study compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila M Shinn
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aditya Mansharamani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Loretta S Auvil
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael E Welge
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare, Urbana, IL,
USA
| | - Colleen Bushell
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Mayo-Illinois Alliance for Technology-Based Healthcare, Urbana, IL,
USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Craig S Charron
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Janet A Novotny
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - David J Baer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Tayyem RF, Al-Bakheit A, Hammad SS, Al-Shudifat AE, Azab M, Bawadi H. Fruit and vegetable consumption and cardiovascular diseases among Jordanians: a case-control study. Cent Eur J Public Health 2020; 28:208-218. [PMID: 32997477 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fruit and vegetable intake has been reported as one of the significant protective factors against the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to assess the possible preventive effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on developing CVD. METHODS A total of 398 participants (205 cases and 193 controls) referred for elective coronary angiography with clinical suspicion of coronary artery disease to Prince Hamza Hospital in Amman were enrolled in this case-control study. Dietary data were collected separately from each patient using interview-based food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS The findings of the present study revealed that a total consumption of 3 servings of vegetable per day decreased significantly the risk of CVD to about 54% (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.22-0.97, p = 0.033). Consumption of banana was found to reduce the risk of CVD to about 44% and 62% when consuming 1-2 and 3-6 servings/week, respectively, with p-value for trend 0.004. For the vegetables, the consumption of grape leaves and stuffed vegetables in general was significantly associated with lower risk of CVD. Increasing cauliflower consumption of 1-2 servings per week decreased CVD risk to about 37% (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.38-0.98). Consuming up to 3-6 servings per week of mixed vegetables (OR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01-0.83) and onion (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.80) revealed an inverse association with CVD development. CONCLUSIONS Adding to the present evidence, consumption of some fruits and vegetables could be considered as preventive factor against developing CVD. However, the association of consuming vegetables with preventing CVD was higher than the fruit consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema F Tayyem
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ala'a Al-Bakheit
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Shatha S Hammad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat
- Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.,Prince Hamza Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Azab
- Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.,Prince Hamza Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hiba Bawadi
- College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Obidiegwu JE, Lyons JB, Chilaka CA. The Dioscorea Genus (Yam)-An Appraisal of Nutritional and Therapeutic Potentials. Foods 2020; 9:E1304. [PMID: 32947880 PMCID: PMC7555206 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for a food secure and safe world has led to continuous effort toward improvements of global food and health systems. While the developed countries seem to have these systems stabilized, some parts of the world still face enormous challenges. Yam (Dioscorea species) is an orphan crop, widely distributed globally; and has contributed enormously to food security especially in sub-Saharan Africa because of its role in providing nutritional benefits and income. Additionally, yam has non-nutritional components called bioactive compounds, which offer numerous health benefits ranging from prevention to treatment of degenerative diseases. Pharmaceutical application of diosgenin and dioscorin, among other compounds isolated from yam, has shown more prospects recently. Despite the benefits embedded in yam, reports on the nutritional and therapeutic potentials of yam have been fragmented and the diversity within the genus has led to much confusion. An overview of the nutritional and health importance of yam will harness the crop to meet its potential towards combating hunger and malnutrition, while improving global health. This review makes a conscious attempt to provide an overview regarding the nutritional, bioactive compositions and therapeutic potentials of yam diversity. Insights on how to increase its utilization for a greater impact are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E. Obidiegwu
- National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Km 8 Umuahia-Ikot Ekpene Road, P.M.B 7006 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Jessica B. Lyons
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Weill Hall #3200, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA;
| | - Cynthia A. Chilaka
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Versbacher Straβe 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; or
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Malnutrition, Hypertension Risk, and Correlates: An Analysis of the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey Data for 15-19 Years Adolescent Boys and Girls. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092737. [PMID: 32911770 PMCID: PMC7551149 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sex differences in malnutrition and hypertension during adolescence is largely inconclusive. There is also a paucity of data on the sex-specific correlates of malnutrition and hypertension for adolescents. Hence, this study aimed to assess the association between malnutrition, pre-hypertension/hypertension (PHH) and sex among adolescents. The study also aimed to determine and contrast the factors associated with these risks in Ghana. We analysed data of non-pregnant adolescent girls (n = 857) and adolescent boys (n = 870) aged 15–19 years from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). We modelled the prevalence risk ratio (PRR) of malnutrition and PHH using Cox proportional hazard models. Compared to adolescent girls, boys were more than twice likely to be stunted (PRR = 2.58, 95% C.I (1.77, 3.76)) and underweight (PRR = 2.67, 95% C.I (1.41, 5.09)) but less likely to be overweight/obese (PRR = 0.85, 95% C.I (0.08, 0.29)). Boys were also about twice likely to have PHH (PRR = 1.96, 95% C.I (1.47, 2.59)) compared to their female peers. Girls were more at risk of the detrimental effects of poor education on stunting and PHH. Empowerment index while protective of stunting for girls (PRR = 0.82, 95% C.I (0.67, 0.99)) also increased their risk of overweight/obesity (PRR = 1.31, 95% C.I (1.02, 1.68)). A higher household wealth index (HWI) increased the risk of overweight/obesity for adolescent girls but was protective of stunting and PHH for adolescent boys. Improvement in household water, hygiene, and sanitation (WASH) reduced the risk of stunting by 15% for adolescent boys. Overall, our findings suggest a double-burden of malnutrition with an up-coming non-communicable disease burden for adolescents in Ghana. Our findings may also be highlighting the need to target adolescent boys alongside girls in nutrition and health intervention programmes.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review is an assessment of the state of the science on nutrition disparities and their contribution to disparities in cardiovascular health. RECENT FINDINGS Nutrition disparities remain pervasive by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, socioeconomic status, and geography. They are rooted in differences in social, cultural, and environmental determinants of health, behavioral and lifestyle factors, and the impact of policy interventions. Systematic differences in diet quality, dietary patterns, and nutrient intakes contribute to cardiovascular disparities and are mediated by microbiota, and CVD risk factors including high levels of blood pressure, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and glucose; oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and endothelial dysfunction. Despite the progress made in nutrition research, important gaps persist that signal the need for more effective interventions at multiple levels to reduce cardiovascular disparities. Research opportunities include (1) exploring the gene-nutrient-environment interactions in the context of ancestral diversity; (2) investigating the causal link between diet and gut microbiota and impact of social determinants of health; (3) understanding resilience; (4) testing the effectiveness of multi-level interventions that address social and environmental determinants; and (4) supporting intervention research informed by validated implementation science frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Mensah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6705 Rockledge Drive, Suite 6070, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Alison G M Brown
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI, NIH, 6710 Rockledge Drive, Suite 10115, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Charlotte A Pratt
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI, NIH, 6710 Rockledge Drive, Suite 10115, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Low intake of dietary fibre among Brazilian adolescents and association with nutritional status: cross-sectional analysis of Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents data. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:2557-2562. [PMID: 32383411 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate dietary fibre intake in Brazilian adolescents and its association with nutritional status. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study including data from the Brazilian multicentre Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Data analysed were geographic region, sex, age, nutritional status, sexual maturation stage, socioeconomic status, school type and level of physical activity. For nutritional status classification, BMI/age was used by sex. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall. Dietary fibre intake was expressed in g/d, and adequacy was determined using dietary reference intake (DRI) values. Complex sample design was considered in statistical analysis, and logistic regression was used to estimate OR for fibre intake and nutritional status. SETTING Brazilian municipalities with more than 100 000 inhabitants. PARTICIPANTS A total of 71 740 adolescents aged 12-17 years were included. RESULTS The average total dietary fibre intake was 19·1 g/d (95 % CI 18·5, 19·7), and only 13·1 % (95 % CI 11·6, 14·7) of Brazilian adolescents reached the recommendations. The results of logistic regression analysis adjusted for geographic region, sex and type of school showed that overweight and obese adolescents were 1·6 and 1·8 times more likely, respectively, to have inadequate dietary fibre intake (P < 0·0001). CONCLUSIONS Brazilian adolescents had a significantly inadequate dietary fibre intake. This was particularly notable in adolescents with excess weight. Education policies on nutrition must be implemented, as dietary fibre plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of obesity and other chronic diseases.
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Whole grain intake compared with cereal fibre intake in association to CVD risk factors: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (UK). Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:1392-1403. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:To investigate how intakes of whole grains and cereal fibre were associated to risk factors for CVD in UK adults.Design:Cross-sectional analyses examined associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes and adiposity measurements, serum lipid concentrations, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, homocysteine and a combined CVD relative risk score.Setting:The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Rolling Programme 2008–2014.Participants:A nationally representative sample of 2689 adults.Results:Participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of whole grain intake had lower waist–hip ratio (Q1 0·872; Q4 0·857; P = 0·04), HbA1c (Q1 5·66 %; Q4 5·47 %; P = 0·01) and homocysteine (Q1 9·95 µmol/l; Q4 8·76 µmol/l; P = 0·01) compared with participants in the lowest quartile (Q1), after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors, including cereal fibre intake. Whole grain intake was inversely associated with C-reactive protein using multivariate analysis (P = 0·02), but this was not significant after final adjustment for cereal fibre. Cereal fibre intake was also inversely associated with waist–hip ratio (P = 0·03) and homocysteine (P = 0·002) in multivariate analysis.Conclusions:Similar inverse associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes to CVD risk factors suggest the relevance of cereal fibre in the protective effects of whole grains. However, whole grain associations often remained significant after adjusting for cereal fibre intake, suggesting additional constituents may be relevant. Intervention studies are needed to compare cereal fibre intake from non-whole grain sources to whole grain intake.
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Abstract
Fruits come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and flavors. This chapter will cover selected fruits that are known to be healthy and highly nutritious. These fruits were chosen due to their common usage and availability. Since it is not possible to cover all health benefits or essential nutrients and important phytochemicals of the fruit composition, this chapter will focus on the key valuable constituents and their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Lin S, Gao J, Jin X, Wang Y, Dong Z, Ying J, Zhou W. Whole-wheat flour particle size influences dough properties, bread structure and in vitro starch digestibility. Food Funct 2020; 11:3610-3620. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whole-wheat flour (WWF) particle size is critical to dough properties, bread quality, and in vitro starch digestibility of bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117542
- Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117542
- Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute
| | - Xiaoxuan Jin
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117542
- Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute
| | - Yong Wang
- COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute
- Beijing 102209
- China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology & Business University
| | - Zhizhong Dong
- COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute
- Beijing 102209
- China
| | - Jian Ying
- COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute
- Beijing 102209
- China
| | - Weibiao Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117542
- Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute
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Pontonio E, Dingeo C, Di Cagno R, Blandino M, Gobbetti M, Rizzello CG. Brans from hull-less barley, emmer and pigmented wheat varieties: From by-products to bread nutritional improvers using selected lactic acid bacteria and xylanase. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 313:108384. [PMID: 31670259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at meeting the recommendations of the World Health Organization regarding the total fiber daily intake, an integrate biotechnological approach, combining xylanase treatment and lactic acid bacteria fermentation of milling by-products from pigmented wheat varieties, hull-less barley and emmer was proposed. The effects on the biochemical and nutritional features were investigated. Enhanced radical scavenging activity, increased concentrations of free amino acids (up to three times) and peptides and optimal in vitro protein digestibility (up to ca. 87%) value as well as relevant phytic acid degradation were achieved during bran fermentation. The main nutritional features of each matrix were enhanced and distinguished. Fortified breads were characterized by a concentration in total dietary fibers and protein of ca. 7 and 13% of dry matter, respectively. Compared to wheat bread the addition of pre-fermented brans caused a significant increase in protein digestibility (up to 79%), and a relevant decrease of the predicted glycemic index (ca. 8%) of the fortified bread. According to the results, this study demonstrates the potential of xylanase treatment and lactic acid bacteria fermentation to be used as suitable strategy to include bran in breadmaking, meeting both nutritional and sensory requests of modern consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Pontonio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Dingeo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Massimo Blandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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Dong Y, Chen L, Gutin B, Zhu H. Total, insoluble, and soluble dietary fiber intake and insulin resistance and blood pressure in adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:1172-1178. [PMID: 30523304 PMCID: PMC6586511 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To evaluate sex and race differences in fiber intakes, which are understudied in adolescents, and to investigate whether low insoluble and soluble fiber intakes would be associated with higher risk for insulin resistance and blood pressure (BP). SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 754 black and white adolescents, 14 to 18 years old (49.2% blacks; 50.3% female), were previously recruited in Augusta, Georgia, USA, between 2001 and 2005. Diet was assessed with four to seven independent 24 h dietary recalls. RESULTS The average daily consumption of total, insoluble, and soluble fiber were 10.9, 6.7, and 4.0 g, respectively. Only two adolescents met their daily fiber intake recommendation. Adjusted multiple linear regressions revealed that increasing dietary fiber intake from current averages to recommendation levels (12 g to 38 g in the male and 9.9 g to 25 g in the female) were associated with predicted decreases of 5.4 and 3.0 mg/dL fasting glucose, 7.0 and 5.0 mg/dL fasting insulin, 1.6 and 1.1 HOMA-IR, 6.3 and 3.7 mm Hg SBP, and 5.2 and 3.0 mm Hg DBP in the males and females, respectively (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, both insoluble and soluble fiber intakes were inversely associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05), whereas only soluble fiber intake was found to be associated with BP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Fiber consumption in adolescents is far below daily-recommended levels across all sex and race groups. Lower fiber intake of all types is associated with higher insulin level. Fiber Intake at recommendation levels may be associated with significant cardiometabolic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Dong
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Bernard Gutin
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Haidong Zhu
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Neela S, Fanta SW. Review on nutritional composition of orange-fleshed sweet potato and its role in management of vitamin A deficiency. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1920-1945. [PMID: 31289641 PMCID: PMC6593376 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of the roots and tubers plays a major role in human diet, animal feed, and industrial raw materials. Sweet potatoes (SPs) play an immense role in human diet and considered as second staple food in developed and underdeveloped countries. Moreover, SP production and management need low inputs compared to the other staple crops. The color of SP flesh varied from white, yellow, purple, and orange. Scientific studies reported the diversity in SP flesh color and connection with nutritional and sensory acceptability. Among all, orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) has been attracting food technologists and nutritionists due to its high content of carotenoids and pleasant sensory characteristics with color. Researchers reported the encouraging health effects of OFSP intervention into the staple food currently practicing in countries such as Uganda, Mozambique, Kenya, and Nigeria. Scientific reviews on the OFSP nutritional composition and role in vitamin A management (VAM) are hardly available in the published literature. So, this review is conducted to address the detailed nutritional composition (proximate, mineral, carotenoids, vitamins, phenolic acids, and antioxidant properties), role in vitamin A deficiency (VAD) management, and different food products that can be made from OFSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Neela
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia
| | - Solomon W Fanta
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia
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43
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Wang AYM, Sea MMM, Ng K, Wang M, Chan IHS, Lam CWK, Sanderson JE, Woo J. Dietary Fiber Intake, Myocardial Injury, and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4:814-823. [PMID: 31194130 PMCID: PMC6551507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dialysis patients are frequently advised to restrict fruit and vegetable intake due to their high potassium content. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary fiber intake and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among dialysis patients. Methods A total of 219 prevalent dialysis patients were prospectively recruited from a major university teaching hospital and regional dialysis center in Hong Kong. Dietary fiber intake estimated using a 7-day locally validated food frequency questionnaire was examined in relation to a primary composite outcome of MACE over a follow-up period of 4 years. Results A total of 127 patients were complicated with 1 or more MACE. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, every 1 g higher fiber intake, and every 1 g/d per 1000 kcal higher fiber intake density were associated with an 11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81-0.97) and a 13% lower risk of MACE (95% CI: 0.77-0.99), respectively, independent of clinical, demographic, biochemical, hemodynamic, adequacy parameters, dietary protein, energy intake, inflammatory, and cardiac markers. Patients in the lower tertile of fiber intake density showed an increased hazard for MACE (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.13-2.80) than those in the upper tertile. Conclusion Higher fiber intake and higher fiber intake density may be associated with less inflammation, less myocardial hypertrophy, injury, and lower risk of MACE in dialysis patients. These data form an important basis for a randomized controlled trial to examine fiber supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes in the dialysis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Yee-Moon Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Mandy Man-Mei Sea
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.,Center for Nutritional Studies, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Kenway Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.,Center for Nutritional Studies, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Iris Hiu-Shuen Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - John E Sanderson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.,Center for Nutritional Studies, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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44
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Dietary fiber intake and risk of metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:1935-1942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Jin H, Nicodemus-Johnson J. Gender and Age Stratified Analyses of Nutrient and Dietary Pattern Associations with Circulating Lipid Levels Identify Novel Gender and Age-Specific Correlations. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111760. [PMID: 30441803 PMCID: PMC6265871 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a precursor to a myriad of cardiovascular diseases in the modern world. Age, gender, and diet are known modifiers of lipid levels, however they are not frequently investigated in subset analyses. Food and nutrient intakes from National Health and Nutrition Examination Study 2001–2013 were used to assess the correlation between lipid levels (high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol (TC):HDL cholesterol ratio) and nutritional intake using linear regression. Associations were initially stratified by gender and significant gender correlations were further stratified by age. Analyses were performed at both the dietary pattern and nutrient level. Dietary pattern and fat intake correlations agreed with the literature in direction and did not demonstrate gender or age effects; however, we observed gender and age interactions among other dietary patterns and individual nutrients. These effects were independent of ethnicity, caloric intake, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. Elevated HDL cholesterol levels correlated with increasing vitamin and mineral intake in females of child bearing age but not males or older females (≥65 years). Moreover, increases in magnesium and retinol intake correlated with HDL cholesterol improvement only in females (all age groups) and males (35–64), respectively. Finally, a large amount of gender-specific variation was associated with TG levels. Females demonstrated positive associations with sugar and carbohydrate while males show inverse associations with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. The female-specific association increased with the ratio of carbohydrate: saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake, suggesting that gender specific dietary habits may underlie the observed TG-nutrient correlations. Our study provides evidence that a subset of previously established nutrient-lipid associations may be gender or age-specific. Such discoveries provide potential new avenues for further research into personalized nutritional approaches to treat dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Jin
- Research and Development, USANA Health Sciences, Inc. 3838 W. Parkway Blvd., West Valley City, UT 84120, USA.
| | - Jessie Nicodemus-Johnson
- Research and Development, USANA Health Sciences, Inc. 3838 W. Parkway Blvd., West Valley City, UT 84120, USA.
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Jovanovski E, Yashpal S, Komishon A, Zurbau A, Blanco Mejia S, Ho HVT, Li D, Sievenpiper J, Duvnjak L, Vuksan V. Effect of psyllium (Plantago ovata) fiber on LDL cholesterol and alternative lipid targets, non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:922-932. [PMID: 30239559 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have identified viscous dietary fiber as potentially attenuating cholesterol, including psyllium, which reduces LDL cholesterol and thus may complement cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment. Objectives The aims of this study were to update evidence on the effect of psyllium on LDL cholesterol and to provide an assessment of its impact on alternate markers: non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB). Design Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through 3 October 2017. Independent reviewers extracted relevant data and assessed risk of bias. We included randomized controlled trials with a duration of ≥3 wk that assessed the effect of psyllium on blood lipids in individuals with or without hypercholesterolemia. Data were pooled by using the generic inverse variance method with random-effects models and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q statistic and quantified by the I2 statistic. Overall quality of the evidence was assessed by using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Results We included 28 trials in our analysis (n = 1924). Supplementation of a median dose of ∼10.2 g psyllium significantly reduced LDL cholesterol (MD = -0.33 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.27 mmol/L; P < 0.00001), non-HDL cholesterol (MD = -0.39 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.50, -0.27 mmol/L; P < 0.00001), and apoB (MD = -0.05 g/L; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.03 g/L; P < 0.0001). Effect estimates for LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol were graded as moderate quality on the basis of downgrades for inconsistency and graded as high quality for apoB. Conclusion Psyllium fiber effectively improves conventional and alternative lipids markers, potentially delaying the process of atherosclerosis-associated CVD risk in those with or without hypercholesterolemia. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03346733.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jovanovski
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center.,Departments of Nutritional Sciences
| | - Shahen Yashpal
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center.,Departments of Nutritional Sciences
| | | | - Andreea Zurbau
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center.,Departments of Nutritional Sciences
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit.,Departments of Nutritional Sciences
| | | | - Dandan Li
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center.,Departments of Nutritional Sciences
| | - John Sievenpiper
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit.,Departments of Nutritional Sciences
| | - Lea Duvnjak
- Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases Vuk Vrhovac, University Hospital Merkur, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Vuksan
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Nutritional Sciences.,Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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The Consumption of Beef Burgers Prepared with Wine Grape Pomace Flour Improves Fasting Glucose, Plasma Antioxidant Levels, and Oxidative Damage Markers in Humans: A Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101388. [PMID: 30275350 PMCID: PMC6213438 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine grape pomace flour (WGPF) is a fruit byproduct that is high in fiber and antioxidants. We tested whether WGPF consumption could affect blood biochemical parameters, including oxidative stress biomarkers. In a three-month intervention study, 27 male volunteers, each with some components of metabolic syndrome, consumed a beef burger supplemented with 7% WGPF containing 3.5% of fiber and 1.2 mg gallic equivalents (GE)/g of polyphenols (WGPF-burger), daily, during the first month. The volunteers consumed no burgers in the second month, and one control-burger daily in the third month. At baseline and after these periods, we evaluated the metabolic syndrome components, plasma antioxidant status (i.e., 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH), vitamin E, vitamin C), and oxidative damage markers (i.e., advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs), malondialdehyde (MDA)). The WGPF-burger intake significantly reduced glycemia and homeostatic model assessment-based measurement of insulin resistance. Vitamin C increased and decreased during the consumption of the WGPF-burger and control-burger, respectively. The WGPF-burger intake significantly decreased AOPP and oxLDL levels. Vitamin E and MDA levels showed no significant changes. In conclusion, the consumption of beef burgers prepared with WGPF improved fasting glucose and insulin resistance, plasma antioxidant levels, and oxidative damage markers. Therefore, this functional ingredient has potential as a dietary supplement to manage chronic disease risk in humans.
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48
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Hajihashemi P, Haghighatdoost F. Effects of Whole-Grain Consumption on Selected Biomarkers of Systematic Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:275-285. [PMID: 30183552 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1490935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Whole grains have potential benefits in preventing cardiovascular diseases and diabetes; nevertheless, results from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on inflammatory markers are controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis of RCTs was to examine the effect of whole grains on inflammatory markers A systematic literature search was conducted by using the online database of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus for relevant studies up to November 2017, using Medical Subject Headings and other related keywords. Only studies that compared the effects of whole grains on inflammatory markers with refined grains were included. From more than 2278 articles, 17 RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. Weighted mean differences were estimated and pooled effect size was calculated by random effects model. Thirteen RCTs with 466 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Whole-grain consumption had a significant effect on serum concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; Hedges' g: -0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.45, 0.00; p = 0.047), interleukin-6 (IL-6; -0.28 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.02; p = 0.037) but did not result in a significant decline in serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; -0.12 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.39, 0.15; p = 0.396). Significant heterogeneity was observed between studies for hs-CRP (I2 = 69.0%, p < 0.0001), IL-6 (I2 = 96.6%, p < 0.001), and TNF-α (I2 = 95.4%, p < 0.001). In sensitivity analysis, the effect of whole grain intake on hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α was not substantially modified by the result of a single study. Meta-regression for duration showed no significant association between the duration of study and changes in serum C-reactive protein levels (β coefficient = 0.006, standard error = 0.036; p = 0.870). Conclusions: This meta-analysis of RCTs suggested that whole grains might affect health status via improving systematic inflammation. Key teaching points: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Whole grains consumption was associated with lower serum levels of hs-CRP and IL-6. Whole grains cannot significantly decrease serum levels of TNF-α. We could not found any source for heterogeneity. The effect of whole grains on serum inflammatory biomarkers was independent from duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hajihashemi
- a Food Security Research Center , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,c Students' Research Committee , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- a Food Security Research Center , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,b Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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49
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O'Connor Á, Crosswaite S. Can healthy motivated British adults achieve the revised UK government fibre recommendations of 30 g per day? Results from a preliminary study. Nutr Health 2018; 24:211-215. [PMID: 30160194 DOI: 10.1177/0260106018794558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: UK Government recommendations for dietary fibre intakes have recently increased to 30 g per day, well below current population intakes. AIM: This study aimed to explore whether the target for dietary fibre intake could be achieved and the effects on markers of cardiometabolic health. METHODS: In this 4-week high-fibre intervention study, 15 participants were instructed to achieve dietary fibre intakes of 30 g/day. RESULTS: Dietary fibre intakes significantly increased post intervention (16.0 ± 8.1 g/day, p < 0.001). No significant changes in glucose and triglyceride concentrations were observed and there was a significant increase in average body weight (0.7 ± 1.2 kg, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that achieving the new dietary fibre recommendations of 30g/day is achievable, in the short term, in a sample of British adults without any observed effect on health markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine O'Connor
- 1 Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland
| | - Sophie Crosswaite
- 2 School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, UK
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50
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Higher vegetable intake and vegetable variety is associated with a better self-reported health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in a cross-sectional survey of rural northern Ghanaian women in fertile age. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:920. [PMID: 30053856 PMCID: PMC6062975 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A higher vegetable intake plays an important role in promoting general health and well-being, but there is a dearth of data on the independent effect of vegetable intake on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). This study contributes to evidence on the independent effect of vegetable consumption on HR-QoL among women in fertile age. Methods A cross-sectional study of a sample of rural women in fertile age (15–49 years, n = 187), randomly selected from 6 rural communities in the Tolon and Savelugu Districts, Northern Region of Ghana. Vegetable consumption in the past month was assessed with a 27-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire; self-reported HR-QoL with the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36); nutritional status with anthropometry; household food security with the household hunger scale (HHS) and demographic and socio-economic related covariates with a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire using face-face interviews. Generalised Linear Models were fitted to assess adjusted mean scores and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by terciles of vegetable intake and vegetable variety score (VVS) for the HR-QoL, its physical health (PH) and mental health (MH) domains and the SF-36 subscales. Results The mean vegetable intake of the women was 324.6 ± 196.1 g/day. The mean scores of the HR-QoL, PH and MH were 69.5 ± 13.6, 72.6 ± 17.4 and 66.4 ± 12.6 respectively. The alpha Cronbach measure of reliability for the HR-QoL, PH and MH were 0.78, 0.75 and 0.62 respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders such as age, body-mass-index (BMI), parity, educational status, occupation, marital status, HHS and household asset index, we observed an increasing trend across terciles of vegetable intake in the past month for the HR-QoL (P-trend = 0.0003), PH (P-trend = 0.02), MH (P-trend = 0.001) as well as the physical functioning (P-trend = 0.01), role-physical (P-trend <.0001), and role emotional (P-trend <.0001) domains of the SF-36. The multivariate model of the results also showed a significant increasing trend in the adjusted mean scores of the HR-QoL (P-trend = 0.04), MH (P-trend = 0.001) as well as 4 subscales of the SF-36 [role-physical (P-trend = 0.02), role-emotional (P-trend = 0.05), emotional well-being (P-trend = 0.002) and vitality (P-trend <.0001)] across terciles of the VVS. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest a potential beneficial role of high vegetable intake and consumption of more varied vegetables on HR-QoL. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms driving these influences. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5845-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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