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Johnson SD, Pilli N, Yu J, Knight LA, Kane MA, Byrareddy SN. Dual role for microbial short-chain fatty acids in modifying SIV disease trajectory following anti-α4β7 antibody administration. Ann Med 2024; 56:2315224. [PMID: 38353210 PMCID: PMC10868432 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2315224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infection is associated with significant gut damage, similar to that observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This pathology includes loss of epithelial integrity, microbial translocation, dysbiosis, and resultant chronic immune activation. Additionally, the levels of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) are dramatically attenuated. Data on the therapeutic use of anti-α4β7 antibodies has shown promise in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Recent evidence has suggested that the microbiome and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites it generates may be critical for anti-α4β7 efficacy and maintaining intestinal homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine whether the microbiome contributes to gut homeostasis after anti-α4β7 antibody administered to SIV-infected rhesus macaques, faecal SCFA concentrations were determined, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed, plasma viral loads were determined, plasma retinoids were measured longitudinally, and gut retinoid synthesis/response gene expression was quantified. RESULTS Our results suggest that anti-α4β7 antibody facilitates the return of retinoid metabolism to baseline levels after SIV infection. Furthermore, faecal SCFAs were shown to be associated with retinoid synthesis gene expression and rebound viral loads after therapy interruption. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate the therapeutic advantages of anti-α4β7 antibody administration during HIV/SIV infection and that the efficacy of anti-α4β7 antibody may depend on microbiome composition and SCFA generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of NE Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nageswara Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of MD School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of MD School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Knight
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of MD School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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2
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Grunblatt E, Feinstein MJ. Precision Phenotyping of Heart Failure in People with HIV: Early Insights and Challenges. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024:10.1007/s11897-024-00674-w. [PMID: 38940893 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-024-00674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW People with HIV have an elevated risk of developing heart failure even with optimally controlled disease. In this review, we outline the various mechanisms through which HIV infection may directly and indirectly contribute to heart failure pathology and highlight the emerging relationship between HIV, chronic inflammation, and cardiometabolic disease. RECENT FINDINGS HIV infection leads to chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic imbalances even in those with well controlled disease. These dysregulations occur through several diverse mechanisms which may lead to manifestations of different phenotypes of heart failure in people with HIV. While it has long been known that people with HIV are at risk of developing heart failure, recent studies have suggested numerous complex mechanisms involving chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and metabolic derangement through which this may be mediated. Further comprehensive studies are needed to elucidate the precise relationship between these mechanisms and the development of different subtypes of heart failure in people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Grunblatt
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E Superior St, Ste 12-758, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matthew J Feinstein
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 300 E Superior St, Ste 12-758, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Division of Cardiology in the Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Brenchley JM, Serrano-Villar S. From dysbiosis to defense: harnessing the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV therapy. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:113. [PMID: 38907315 PMCID: PMC11193286 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the microbiota has been extensively associated with HIV pathogenesis, the majority of studies, particularly those using omics techniques, are largely correlative and serve primarily as a basis for hypothesis generation. Furthermore, most have focused on characterizing the taxonomic composition of the bacterial component, often overlooking other levels of the microbiome. The intricate mechanisms by which the microbiota influences immune responses to HIV are still poorly understood. Interventional studies on gut microbiota provide a powerful tool to test the hypothesis of whether we can harness the microbiota to improve health outcomes in people with HIV. RESULTS Here, we review the multifaceted role of the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV disease progression and its potential as a therapeutic target. We explore the complex interplay between gut microbial dysbiosis and systemic inflammation, highlighting the potential for microbiome-based therapeutics to open new avenues in HIV management. These include exploring the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and targeted dietary modifications. We also address the challenges inherent in this research area, such as the difficulty in inducing long-lasting microbiome alterations and the complexities of study designs, including variations in probiotic strains, donor selection for FMT, antibiotic conditioning regimens, and the hurdles in translating findings into clinical practice. Finally, we speculate on future directions for this rapidly evolving field, emphasizing the need for a more granular understanding of microbiome-immune interactions, the development of personalized microbiome-based therapies, and the application of novel technologies to identify potential therapeutic agents. CONCLUSIONS Our review underscores the importance of the gut microbiome in HIV/SIV disease and its potential as a target for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Lab of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MA, USA.
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS and CIBERInfec, Madrid, Spain.
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Trøseid M, Nielsen SD, Vujkovic-Cvijin I. Gut microbiome and cardiometabolic comorbidities in people living with HIV. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38877521 PMCID: PMC11177534 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite modern antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) have increased relative risk of inflammatory-driven comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The gut microbiome could be one of several driving factors, along with traditional risk factors and HIV-related risk factors such as coinfections, ART toxicity, and past immunodeficiency. RESULTS PLWH have an altered gut microbiome, even after adjustment for known confounding factors including sexual preference. The HIV-related microbiome has been associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities, and shares features with CVD-related microbiota profiles, in particular reduced capacity for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) generation. Substantial inter-individual variation has so far been an obstacle for applying microbiota profiles for risk stratification. This review covers updated knowledge and recent advances in our understanding of the gut microbiome and comorbidities in PLWH, with specific focus on cardiometabolic comorbidities and inflammation. It covers a comprehensive overview of HIV-related and comorbidity-related dysbiosis, microbial translocation, and microbiota-derived metabolites. It also contains recent data from studies in PLWH on circulating metabolites related to comorbidities and underlying gut microbiota alterations, including circulating levels of the SCFA propionate, the histidine-analogue imidazole propionate, and the protective metabolite indole-3-propionic acid. CONCLUSIONS Despite recent advances, the gut microbiome and related metabolites are not yet established as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The review gives directions for future research needed to advance the field into clinical practice, including promises and pitfalls for precision medicine. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen Oe, 2100, Denmark
| | - Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Fu Y, Ke S, Tang G, Guo Q, Guo Q, Wang Z, Leng R, Fan Y. Characterization of the intestinal microbiota in MSM with HIV infection. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:192. [PMID: 38831399 PMCID: PMC11145808 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-infected persons demonstrate notable disturbances in their intestinal microbiota; however, the impact of intestinal microbiota on HIV susceptibility in men who have sex with men (MSM), as well as the effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on their gut microbiota, remains under active study. Thus, our research focuses on clarifying the distinctions in intestinal microbiota composition among uninfected MSM and non-MSM healthy controls, investigating the alterations in early-stage intestinal microbial communities following HIV infection, and assessing how ART affects the intestinal microbiota. METHODS This study enrolled four participant groups: uninfected MSM, Recent HIV-1 infection (RHI) MSM, MSM on ART, and non-MSM healthy controls, with 30 individuals in each group. We utilized 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) amplicon sequencing to analyze fecal microbiota and employed Luminex multiplex assays to measure plasma markers for microbial translocation (LBP, sCD14) and the inflammatory marker CRP. FINDINGS Comparing uninfected MSM to non-MSM healthy controls, no substantial variances were observed in α and β diversity. Uninfected MSM had higher average relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, and Alloprevotella, while Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Faecalibacterium had lower average relative abundances. MSM on ART had lower intestinal microbiota diversity than RHI MSM and uninfected MSM. In MSM on ART, Megasphaera and Fusobacterium increased, while Faecalibacterium and Roseburia decreased at genus level. Additionally, treatment with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) led to significant alterations in intestinal microbiota diversity and composition compared to RHI MSM. The random forest model showed that HIV infection biomarkers effectively distinguished between newly diagnosed HIV-infected MSM and HIV-negative MSM, with an ROC AUC of 76.24% (95% CI: 61.17-91.31%). CONCLUSIONS MSM showed early intestinal microbiota imbalances after new HIV infection. MSM on ART experienced worsened dysbiosis, indicating a combined effect of HIV and ART. NNRTI-based treatment notably changed intestinal microbiota, suggesting a potential direct impact of NNRTI drugs on intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Fu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Susu Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gan Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qisheng Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ruixue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Yinguang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Zhong J, Guo L, Wang Y, Jiang X, Wang C, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Zhou F, Wu C, Chen L, Wang X, Wang J, Cao B, Li M, Ren L. Gut Microbiota Improves Prognostic Prediction in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Alongside Immunological and Hematological Indicators. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0389. [PMID: 38779486 PMCID: PMC11109594 DOI: 10.34133/research.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota undergoes substantial changes in COVID-19 patients; yet, the utility of these alterations as prognostic biomarkers at the time of hospital admission, and its correlation with immunological and hematological parameters, remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the gut microbiota's dynamic change in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and evaluate its predictive capability for clinical outcomes alongside immunological and hematological parameters. In this study, anal swabs were consecutively collected from 192 COVID-19 patients (583 samples) upon hospital admission for metagenome sequencing. Simultaneously, blood samples were obtained to measure the concentrations of 27 cytokines and chemokines, along with hematological and biochemical indicators. Our findings indicate a significant correlation between the composition and dynamics of gut microbiota with disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Recovered patients exhibited a higher abundance of Veillonella and denser interactions among gut commensal bacteria compared to deceased patients. Furthermore, the abundance of gut commensal bacteria exhibited a negative correlation with the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and organ damage markers. The gut microbiota upon admission showed moderate prognostic prediction ability with an AUC of 0.78, which was less effective compared to predictions based on immunological and hematological parameters (AUC 0.80 and 0.88, respectively). Noteworthy, the integration of these three datasets yielded a higher predictive accuracy (AUC 0.93). Our findings suggest the gut microbiota as an informative biomarker for COVID-19 prognosis, augmenting existing immune and hematological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhong
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yeming Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases,
Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases,
Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases,
Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingkun Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LiLi Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Salvador PBU, Altavas PJDR, del Rosario MAS, Ornos EDB, Dalmacio LMM. Alterations in the Gut Microbiome Composition of People Living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Systematic Review. Clin Pract 2024; 14:846-861. [PMID: 38804398 PMCID: PMC11130874 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to present a global health issue. Recent studies have explored the potential role of the gut microbiome in HIV infection for novel therapeutic approaches. We investigated the gut microbiome composition of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the Asia-Pacific region. This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases using keywords such as "HIV", "PLHIV", "AIDS", "gut microbiome", "gut dysbiosis", and "metagenomics". Only peer-reviewed and full-text studies published in English were included. A total of 15 studies from the Asia-Pacific region were included for analysis. Compared to healthy controls, PLHIV showed an increased abundance of Proteobacteria and its genera, which may be considered pathobionts, and decreased abundances of Bacteroidetes and several genera under Firmicutes with known short-chain fatty acid and immunoregulatory activities. Predominant taxa such as Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae were also associated with clinical factors such as CD4 count, the CD4/CD8 ratio, and inflammatory cytokines. This review highlights gut microbiome changes among PLHIV in the Asia-Pacific region, indicating potential bacterial signatures for prognostication. The partial restoration of the microbiome toward beneficial taxa may ensure the long-term success of treatment, promoting immune recovery while maintaining viral load suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Benedic U. Salvador
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (P.J.d.R.A.); (L.M.M.D.)
| | - Patrick Josemaria d. R. Altavas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (P.J.d.R.A.); (L.M.M.D.)
| | - Mark Angelo S. del Rosario
- Multi-Omics Research Program for Health, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (M.A.S.d.R.); (E.D.B.O.)
| | - Eric David B. Ornos
- Multi-Omics Research Program for Health, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (M.A.S.d.R.); (E.D.B.O.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Leslie Michelle M. Dalmacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (P.J.d.R.A.); (L.M.M.D.)
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8
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Guo Y, Wang W, Yu Y, Sun X, Zhang B, Wang Y, Cao J, Wen S, Wang X, Li Y, Cai S, Wu R, Duan W, Xia W, Wei F, Duan J, Dong H, Guo S, Zhang F, Sun Z, Huang X. Crosstalk between human immunodeficiency virus infection and salivary bacterial function in men who have sex with men. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1341545. [PMID: 38779561 PMCID: PMC11109444 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1341545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Engaging in anal sexual intercourse markedly increases the risk of developing HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM); oral sexual activities tend to uniquely introduce gut-derived microbes to salivary microbiota, which, combined with an individual's positive HIV status, may greatly perturb oral microecology. However, till date, only a few published studies have addressed this aspect. Methods Based on 16S rRNA sequencing data of bacterial taxa, MicroPITA picks representative samples for metagenomic analysis, effectively revealing how the development and progression of the HIV disease influences oral microbiota in MSM. Therefore, we collected samples from 11 HIV-negative and 44 HIV-positive MSM subjects (stage 0 was defined by HIV RNA positivity, but negative or indeterminate antibody status; stages 1, 2, and 3 were defined by CD4+ T lymphocyte counts ≥ 500, 200-499, and ≤ 200 or opportunistic infection) and selected 25 representative saliva samples (5 cases/stage) using MicroPITA. Metagenomic sequencing analysis were performed to explore whether positive HIV status changes salivary bacterial KEGG function and metabolic pathway in MSM. Results The core functions of oral microbiota were maintained across each of the five groups, including metabolism, genetic and environmental information processing. All HIV-positive groups displayed KEGG functions of abnormal proliferation, most prominently at stage 0, and others related to metabolism. Clustering relationship analysis tentatively identified functional relationships between groups, with bacterial function being more similar between stage 0-control groups and stage 1-2 groups, whereas the stage 3 group exhibited large functional changes. Although we identified most metabolic pathways as being common to all five groups, several unique pathways formed clusters for certain groups; the stage 0 group had several, while the stage 2 and 3 groups had few, such clusters. The abundance of K03046 was positively correlated with CD4 counts. Conclusion As HIV progresses, salivary bacterial function and metabolic pathways in MSM progressively changes, which may be related to HIV promoting abnormal energy metabolism and exacerbate pathogen virulence. Further, infection and drug resistance of acute stage and immune cell destruction of AIDS stage were abnormally increased, predicting an increased risk for MSM individuals to develop systemic and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixi Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baojin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Cai
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruojun Wu
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wenshan Duan
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feili Wei
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Duan
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haozhi Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Daxing District Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqiu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Duarte MJ, Tien PC, Kardashian A, Ma Y, Hunt P, Kuniholm MH, Adimora AA, Fischl MA, French AL, Topper E, Konkle-Parker D, Minkoff H, Ofotokun I, Plankey M, Sharma A, Price JC. Microbial Translocation and Gut Damage Are Associated With an Elevated Fast Score in Women Living With and Without HIV. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae187. [PMID: 38680610 PMCID: PMC11055391 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Steatohepatitis is common in persons living with HIV and may be associated with gut microbial translocation (MT). However, few studies have evaluated the gut-liver axis in persons living with HIV. In the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we examined the associations of HIV and circulating biomarkers linked to MT and gut damage using the FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score, a noninvasive surrogate for steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis. Methods Among 883 women with HIV and 354 without HIV, we used multivariable regression to examine the associations of HIV and serum biomarkers linked to MT and gut damage (kynurenine and tryptophan ratio, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, soluble CD14, and soluble CD163) with a log-transformed FAST score after adjusting for key covariates. We used a path analysis and mediation models to determine the mediating effect of each biomarker on the association of HIV with FAST. Results HIV infection was associated with a 49% higher FAST score. MT biomarker levels were higher in women with HIV than women without HIV (P < .001 for each). MT biomarkers mediated 13% to 32% of the association of HIV and FAST score. Conclusions Biomarkers linked to MT and gut damage are associated with a higher FAST score and mediate the association of HIV with a higher FAST score. Our findings suggest that MT may be an important mechanism by which HIV increases the risk of steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Duarte
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Phyllis C Tien
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ani Kardashian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter Hunt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark H Kuniholm
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Adaora A Adimora
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret A Fischl
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Audrey L French
- Department of Medicine, CORE Center/Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth Topper
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Konkle-Parker
- School of Nursing, Medicine and Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Howard Minkoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Downstate Health Sciences University, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Ighovwerha Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer C Price
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Luo K, Peters BA, Moon JY, Xue X, Wang Z, Usyk M, Hanna DB, Landay AL, Schneider MF, Gustafson D, Weber KM, French A, Sharma A, Anastos K, Wang T, Brown T, Clish CB, Kaplan RC, Knight R, Burk RD, Qi Q. Metabolic and inflammatory perturbation of diabetes associated gut dysbiosis in people living with and without HIV infection. Genome Med 2024; 16:59. [PMID: 38643166 PMCID: PMC11032597 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut dysbiosis has been linked with both HIV infection and diabetes, but its interplay with metabolic and inflammatory responses in diabetes, particularly in the context of HIV infection, remains unclear. METHODS We first conducted a cross-sectional association analysis to characterize the gut microbial, circulating metabolite, and immune/inflammatory protein features associated with diabetes in up to 493 women (~ 146 with prevalent diabetes with 69.9% HIV +) of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Prospective analyses were then conducted to determine associations of identified metabolites with incident diabetes over 12 years of follow-up in 694 participants (391 women from WIHS and 303 men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study; 166 incident cases were recorded) with and without HIV infection. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore whether gut bacteria-diabetes associations are explained by altered metabolites and proteins. RESULTS Seven gut bacterial genera were identified to be associated with diabetes (FDR-q < 0.1), with positive associations for Shigella, Escherichia, Megasphaera, and Lactobacillus, and inverse associations for Adlercreutzia, Ruminococcus, and Intestinibacter. Importantly, the associations of most species, especially Adlercreutzia and Ruminococcus, were largely independent of antidiabetic medications use. Meanwhile, 18 proteins and 76 metabolites, including 3 microbially derived metabolites (trimethylamine N-oxide, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), imidazolepropionic acid (IMP)), 50 lipids (e.g., diradylglycerols (DGs) and triradylglycerols (TGs)) and 23 non-lipid metabolites, were associated with diabetes (FDR-q < 0.1), with the majority showing positive associations and more than half of them (59/76) associated with incident diabetes. In mediation analyses, several proteins, especially interleukin-18 receptor 1 and osteoprotegerin, IMP and PAGln partially mediate the observed bacterial genera-diabetes associations, particularly for those of Adlercreutzia and Escherichia. Many diabetes-associated metabolites and proteins were altered in HIV, but no effect modification on their associations with diabetes was observed by HIV. CONCLUSION Among individuals with and without HIV, multiple gut bacterial genera, blood metabolites, and proinflammatory proteins were associated with diabetes. The observed mediated effects by metabolites and proteins in genera-diabetes associations highlighted the potential involvement of inflammatory and metabolic perturbations in the link between gut dysbiosis and diabetes in the context of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Brandilyn A Peters
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jee-Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mykhaylo Usyk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David B Hanna
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael F Schneider
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deborah Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Audrey French
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Todd Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Trøseid M, Molinaro A, Gelpi M, Vestad B, Kofoed KF, Fuchs A, Køber L, Holm K, Benfield T, Ueland PM, Hov JR, Nielsen SD, Knudsen AD. Gut Microbiota Alterations and Circulating Imidazole Propionate Levels Are Associated With Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in People With HIV. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:898-907. [PMID: 38195204 PMCID: PMC10938217 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on coronary artery disease (CAD) in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) is unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that imidazole propionate (ImP), a microbial metabolite, is linked with cardiometabolic diseases. METHODS Fecal samples from participants of the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV infection (COCOMO) study were processed for 16S rRNA sequencing and ImP measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CAD severity was investigated by coronary computed tomography-angiography, and participants grouped according to obstructive CAD (n = 60), nonobstructive CAD (n = 80), or no CAD (n = 114). RESULTS Participants with obstructive CAD had a gut microbiota with lower diversity and distinct compositional shift, with increased abundance of Rumiococcus gnavus and Veillonella, known producers of ImP. ImP plasma levels were associated with this dysbiosis, and significantly elevated in participants with obstructive CAD. However, gut dysbiosis but not plasma ImP was independently associated with obstructive CAD after adjustment for traditional and HIV-related risk factors (adjusted odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-7.2; P = .048). CONCLUSIONS PWH with obstructive CAD displays a distinct gut microbiota profile and increased circulating ImP plasma levels. Future studies should determine whether gut dysbiosis and related metabolites such as ImP are predictive of incident cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marco Gelpi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beate Vestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Fuglsang Kofoed
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Fuchs
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Holm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Johannes R Hov
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Lu D, Wang YX, Geng ST, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Peng QY, Li SY, Zhang JB, Wang KH, Kuang YQ. Whole-protein enteral nutrition formula supplementation reduces Escherichia and improves intestinal barrier function in HIV-infected immunological nonresponders. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:319-329. [PMID: 37922515 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have persistent malnutrition, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and gut microbial imbalance. The interplay between gut microbiota and nutrients is involved in the immune reconstitution of PLWH. To evaluate the effects of whole-protein enteral nutrition formula supplementation on T-cell levels, intestinal barrier function, nutritional status, and gut microbiota composition in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected immunological nonresponders (INRs) who failed to normalize CD4+ T-cell counts, with a number <350 cells/µL, a pilot study was carried out in 13 HIV-infected INRs undergoing antiretroviral therapy who received a 3-month phase supplementation of 200 mL/200 kcal/45 g whole-protein enteral nutrition formula once daily. Our primary endpoint was increased CD4+ T-cell counts. Secondary outcome parameters were changes in intestinal barrier function, nutritional status, and gut microbiota composition. We showed that CD4+ T-cell counts of HIV-infected INRs increased significantly after the 3-month supplementation. Dietary supplementation for 3 months improved the intestinal barrier function and nutritional status of HIV-infected INRs. Furthermore, the enteral nutrition formula significantly decreased the relative abundance of Escherichia at the genus level and increased the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in HIV-infected INRs. The findings demonstrated that the whole-protein enteral nutrition formula aids in reducing Escherichia and improving intestinal barrier function in HIV-infected INRs. This study provides insight into the role of nutrients in the improvement of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected INRs. This study is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Document No. ChiCTR2000037839; http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Lu
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine and Research Center for Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue-Xin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine and Research Center for Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Tao Geng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine and Research Center for Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zunyue Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine and Research Center for Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine and Research Center for Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qing-Yan Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine and Research Center for Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shao-You Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine and Research Center for Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Second People's Hospital of Dali City, Dali, China
| | - Kun-Hua Wang
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi-Qun Kuang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine and Research Center for Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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13
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Meng P, Zhang G, Ma X, Ding X, Song X, Dang S, Yang R, Xu L. Traditional Chinese medicine (Xielikang) reduces diarrhea symptoms in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients by regulating the intestinal microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1346955. [PMID: 38435694 PMCID: PMC10904582 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1346955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) seriously affects the quality of life of patients. In this study, we analyzed the differences in the intestinal microbiota among healthy individuals, AIDS patients without diarrhea and AIDS patients with diarrhea through high-throughput sequencing. The microbial diversity in the intestines of patients in the AIDS diarrhea group was significantly increased, and after treatment with Xielikang, the intestinal microbial diversity returned to the baseline level. At the phylum level, compared those in to the healthy (ZC) and AIDS non diarrhea (FN) groups, the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomirobia in the AIDS diarrhea (FA) group before treatment were significantly increased, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly decreased. Similarly, compared with those in the FA group, the relative abundances of Bacteroidea and Firmicutes in the AIDS diarrhea (FB) group after treatment were significantly increased, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly decreased after treatment. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the ZC and FN groups. At the genus level, compared with those in the ZC group, the relative abundance of Prevotella and Escherichia_Shigella in the FA group was significantly increased, while the relative abundances of Megamonas and Bifidobacterium was significantly decreased compared to that in the ZC group. After treatment with Xielikang, the relative abundance of Prevotella and Escherichia_Shigella in the FB group were significantly decreased, while the relative abundances of Megamonas and Bifidobacteria were significantly increased than those in the FA group; moreover, there was no significant difference between the ZC and FN groups. The functional prediction results showed that the ketodeoxyoctonate (Kdo) transfer to lipid IVA III and the superpathway of N-acetylglucosamine pathways in the AIDS diarrhea group were significantly altered. The correlation analysis results showed that Dorea was positively correlated with inflammatory factors, while Streptococcus and Lactobacillus were negatively correlated with inflammatory factors. The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota changed significantly in AIDS diarrhea patients, which affected the immune function of the host. The Xielikang capsule modulated the composition of the intestinal microbiota in AIDS diarrhea patients and thus improved immune function and reduced diarrheal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Meng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guichun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiyuan Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Dang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruihan Yang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liran Xu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Meng P, Zhang G, Ma X, Ding X, Song X, Dang S, Yang R, Xu L. Characterization of intestinal fungal community diversity in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). AIDS Res Ther 2024; 21:10. [PMID: 38350942 PMCID: PMC10863270 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a highly dangerous infectious disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), a virus that attacks the human immune system. To explore the correlation between intestinal fungal community and immune function (Immune cells and inflammatory factors) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The feces and blood samples were collected from two groups of subjects: PLWHA and healthy controls. High-throughput sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1, flow cytometry, and ELISA were performed to analyze the differences and correlations between fungal microbiota, cellular immune status and serum inflammatory factors in the two groups. There were significant differences in the composition of fungal microbiota between the two groups. The relative abundance of Candida, Bjerkandera, and Xeromyces in PLWHA was significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers (P < 0.01), while the relative abundance of Mycospaerella, Xeroxysium, Penicillium, and Glomerella in PLWHA was significantly lower than that of healthy volunteers. The correlation analysis results show that Mycospaerella and Xeromyces are significantly positively correlated with CD4+/CD8+ T cells and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. On the other hand, Candida was positively correlated with pro-inflammatory factors negatively correlated with CD4+/CD8+ T cells and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, while it is positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. The significant increase in the relative abundance of Candida may be one of the important causes of intestinal damage in PLWHA. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the relationship between fungal microbiota structure and immune function in the gut ecology of PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Meng
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Guichun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiuxia Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xue Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiyuan Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shuyuan Dang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ruihan Yang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Liran Xu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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15
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Yang Q, Zaongo SD, Zhu L, Yan J, Yang J, Ouyang J. The Potential of Clostridium butyricum to Preserve Gut Health, and to Mitigate Non-AIDS Comorbidities in People Living with HIV. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10227-1. [PMID: 38336953 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A dramatic reduction in mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH) has been achieved during the modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. However, ART does not restore gut barrier function even after long-term viral suppression, allowing microbial products to enter the systemic blood circulation and induce chronic immune activation. In PLWH, a chronic state of systemic inflammation exists and persists, which increases the risk of development of inflammation-associated non-AIDS comorbidities such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Clostridium butyricum is a human butyrate-producing symbiont present in the gut microbiome. Convergent evidence has demonstrated favorable effects of C. butyricum for gastrointestinal health, including maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the gut barrier, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria within the intestine, and reduction of microbial translocation. Moreover, C. butyricum supplementation has been observed to have a positive effect on various inflammation-related diseases such as diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and cancer, which are also recognized as non-AIDS comorbidities associated with epithelial gut damage. There is currently scant published research in the literature, focusing on the influence of C. butyricum in the gut of PLWH. In this hypothesis review, we speculate the use of C. butyricum as a probiotic oral supplementation may well emerge as a potential future synergistic adjunctive strategy in PLWH, in tandem with ART, to restore and consolidate intestinal barrier integrity, repair the leaky gut, prevent microbial translocation from the gut, and reduce both gut and systemic inflammation, with the ultimate objective of decreasing the risk for development of non-AIDS comorbidities in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Silvere D Zaongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijiao Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiadan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Rocafort M, Gootenberg DB, Luévano JM, Paer JM, Hayward MR, Bramante JT, Ghebremichael MS, Xu J, Rogers ZH, Munoz AR, Okello S, Kim JH, Sentongo R, Wagubi R, Lankowski A, Maruapula S, Zhao G, Handley SA, Mosepele M, Siedner MJ, Kwon DS. HIV-associated gut microbial alterations are dependent on host and geographic context. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1055. [PMID: 38316748 PMCID: PMC10844288 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated changes in intestinal microbiota are believed to be important drivers of disease progression. However, the majority of studies have focused on populations in high-income countries rather than in developing regions where HIV burden is greatest. To better understand the impact of HIV on fecal microbiota globally, we compare the fecal microbial community of individuals in the U.S., Uganda, and Botswana. We identify significant bacterial taxa alterations with both treated and untreated HIV infection with a high degree of uniqueness in each cohort. HIV-associated taxa alterations are also significantly different between populations that report men who have sex with men (MSM) behavior and non-MSM populations. Additionally, while we find that HIV infection is consistently associated with higher soluble markers of immune activation, most specific bacterial taxa associated with these markers in each region are not shared and none are shared across all three geographic locations in our study. Our findings demonstrate that HIV-associated changes in fecal microbiota are overall distinct among geographical locations and sexual behavior groups, although a small number of taxa shared between pairs of geographic locations warrant further investigation, highlighting the importance of considering host context to fully assess the impact of the gut microbiome on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntsa Rocafort
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David B Gootenberg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jesús M Luévano
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Paer
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jiawu Xu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zoe H Rogers
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Samson Okello
- Department of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, 1956, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - June-Ho Kim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ruth Sentongo
- Department of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, 1956, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Robert Wagubi
- Department of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, 1956, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Alex Lankowski
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Segametsi Maruapula
- Department of Family & Consumer Sciences, University of Botswana, 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Scott A Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mosepele Mosepele
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Mark J Siedner
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Burkhart Colorado AS, Lazzaro A, Neff CP, Nusbacher N, Boyd K, Fiorillo S, Martin C, Siebert JC, Campbell TB, Borok M, Palmer BE, Lozupone C. Differential effects of antiretroviral treatment on immunity and gut microbiome composition in people living with HIV in rural versus urban Zimbabwe. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:18. [PMID: 38310301 PMCID: PMC10837999 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced mortality and improved life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). However, even with HIV-1 suppression, chronic immune activation and elevated inflammation persist and have been linked to a pro-inflammatory gut microbiome composition and compromised intestinal barrier integrity. PLWH in urban versus rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa experience differences in environmental factors that may impact the gut microbiome and immune system, in response to ART, yet this has not previously been investigated in these groups. To address this, we measured T cell activation/exhaustion/trafficking markers, plasma inflammatory markers, and fecal microbiome composition in PLWH and healthy participants recruited from an urban clinic in the city of Harare, Zimbabwe, and a district hospital that services surrounding rural villages. PLWH were either ART naïve at baseline and sampled again after 24 weeks of first-line ART and the antibiotic cotrimoxazole or were ART-experienced at both timepoints. RESULTS Although expected reductions in the inflammatory marker IL-6, T-cell activation, and exhaustion were observed with ART-induced viral suppression, these changes were much more pronounced in the urban versus the rural area. Gut microbiome composition was the most highly altered from healthy controls in ART experienced PLWH, and characterized by both reduced alpha diversity and altered composition. However, gut microbiome composition showed a pronounced relationship with T cell activation and exhaustion in ART-naïve PLWH, suggesting a particularly significant role for the gut microbiome in disease progression in uncontrolled infection. Elevated immune exhaustion after 24 weeks of ART did correlate with both living in the rural location and a more Prevotella-rich/Bacteroides-poor microbiome type, suggesting a potential role for rural-associated microbiome differences or their co-variates in the muted improvements in immune exhaustion in the rural area. CONCLUSION Successful ART was less effective at reducing gut microbiome-associated inflammation and T cell activation in PLWH in rural versus urban Zimbabwe, suggesting that individuals on ART in rural areas of Zimbabwe may be more vulnerable to co-morbidity related to sustained immune dysfunction in treated infection. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Lazzaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Charles Preston Neff
- Department Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nichole Nusbacher
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn Boyd
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, England
| | - Suzanne Fiorillo
- Department Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Casey Martin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Janet C Siebert
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Thomas B Campbell
- Department Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Margaret Borok
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Brent E Palmer
- Department Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Catherine Lozupone
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Johnson M, Lazarus SK, Bennett AE, Tovar-Salazar A, Robertson CE, Kofonow JM, Li S, McCollister B, Nunes MC, Madhi SA, Frank DN, Weinberg A. Gut Microbiota and Other Factors Associated With Increased Regulatory T Cells in Hiv-exposed Uninfected Infants. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3909424. [PMID: 38352510 PMCID: PMC10862973 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3909424/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) have higher infectious morbidity than HIV-unexposed infants (HUU). HEU have multiple immune defects of unknown origin. We hypothesized that HEU have higher regulatory T cells (Treg) than HUU, which may dampen their immune defenses against pathogens. We compared 25 Treg subsets between HEU and HUU and sought the factors that may affect Treg frequencies. At birth, 3 Treg subsets, including CD4 + FOXP3 + and CD4 + FOXP3 + CD25+, had higher frequencies in 123 HEU than 117 HUU and 3 subsets were higher in HUU. At 28 and 62 weeks of life, 5 Treg subsets were higher in HEU, and none were higher in HUU. The frequencies of the discrepant Treg subsets correlated at birth with differential abundances of bacterial taxas in maternal gut microbiome and at subsequent visits in infant gut microbiomes. In vitro, bacterial taxa most abundant in HEU expanded Treg subsets with higher frequencies in HEU, recapitulating the in vivo observations. Other factors that correlated with increased Treg were low maternal CD4 + T cells in HEU at birth and male sex in HUU at 28 weeks. We conclude that maternal and infant gut dysbiosis are central to the Treg increase in HEU and may be targeted by mitigating interventions.
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19
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Field KR, Wragg KM, Kent SJ, Lee WS, Juno JA. γδ T cells mediate robust anti-HIV functions during antiretroviral therapy regardless of immune checkpoint expression. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1486. [PMID: 38299190 PMCID: PMC10825377 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficiently suppresses HIV viral load, immune dysregulation and dysfunction persist in people living with HIV (PLWH). γδ T cells are functionally impaired during untreated HIV infection, but the extent to which they are reconstituted upon ART is currently unclear. Methods Utilising a cohort of ART-treated PLWH, we assessed the frequency and phenotype, characterised in vitro functional responses and defined the impact of immune checkpoint marker expression on effector functions of both Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells. We additionally explore the in vitro expansion of Vδ2 T cells from PLWH on ART and the mechanisms by which such expanded cells may sense and kill HIV-infected targets. Results A matured NK cell-like phenotype was observed for Vδ1 T cells among 25 ART-treated individuals (PLWH/ART) studied compared to 17 HIV-uninfected controls, with heightened expression of 2B4, CD160, TIGIT and Tim-3. Despite persistent phenotypic perturbations, Vδ1 T cells from PLWH/ART exhibited strong CD16-mediated activation and degranulation, which were suppressed upon Tim-3 and TIGIT crosslinking. Vδ2 T cell degranulation responses to the phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate at concentrations up to 2 ng mL-1 were significantly impaired in an immune checkpoint-independent manner among ART-treated participants. Nonetheless, expanded Vδ2 T cells from PLWH/ART retained potent anti-HIV effector functions, with the NKG2D receptor contributing substantially to the elimination of infected cells. Conclusion Our findings highlight that although significant perturbations remain within the γδ T cell compartment throughout ART-treated HIV, both subsets retain the capacity for robust anti-HIV effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty R Field
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Kathleen M Wragg
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
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20
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Ma J, Wen S, Dong A, Fan W, Kang Y. Gut Microbiome (Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses) and HIV Infection: Revealing Novel Treatment Strategies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300566. [PMID: 37867202 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Plenty of research on microbial-viral interactions has revealed that some commensal microorganisms in the gut, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, can resist or promote viral infection, whereas other microorganisms are involved in pathogenicity. Therefore, the balance between commensal microorganisms and human organisms is a key factor for determining infection and disease progression, and commensal microorganisms have become a hot research area in the medical field. In this review, the compositional characteristics of gut microbiota (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) during HIV infection are reviewed and changes in gut microbiota among different HIV-infected populations are described. Furthermore, the latest progress of potential microbial therapeutic methods, including a) probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, b) fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), c) phage therapy, and d) antifungal strategy, microbial enzyme inhibition, and dietary therapeutics, is analyzed based on gut bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the field of HIV infection. This study aims to provide a useful reference for developing novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection based on commensal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shiyuan Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aobo Dong
- Third Hospital of Baotou City, Baotou, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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21
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Ji SX, Zheng YF, Li X, Li BX, Zou JX, Wang YT, Xia XY, Chen X, Hu QN, Wan TJ, Wen L, Feng QS. Epidemiological investigation and proteomic profiling of typical TCM syndrome in HIV/AIDS immunological nonresponders. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:3106-3119. [PMID: 35775967 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS pandemic remains the world's most severe public health challenge, especially for HIV/AIDS immunological nonresponders (HIV/AIDS-INRs), who tend to have higher mortality. Due to the advantages in promoting patients' immune reconstitution, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has become one of the mainstays of complementary treatments for HIV/AIDS-INRs. Given that effective TCM treatments largely depend on precise syndrome differentiation, there is an increasing interest in exploring biological evidence for the classification of TCM syndromes in HIV/AIDS-INRs. In our study, to identify the typical HIV/AIDS-INRs syndrome, an epidemiological survey was first conducted in the Liangshan prefecture (China), a high HIV/AIDS prevalence region. The key TCM syndrome, Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney (YDSK), was evaluated by using a tandem mass tag combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (TMT-LC-MS/MS). A total of 62 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of YDSK syndrome compared with healthy people were screened out. Comparative bioinformatics analyses showed that DEPs in YDSK syndrome were mainly associated with response to wounding and acute inflammatory response in the biological process. The pathway annotation is mainly enriched in complement and coagulation cascades. Finally, the YDSK syndrome-specific DEPs such as HP and S100A9 were verified by ELISA, and confirmed as potential biomarkers for YDSK syndrome. Our study may lay the biological and scientific basis for the specificity of TCM syndromes in HIV/AIDs-INRs, and may provide more opportunities for the deep understanding of TCM syndromes and the developing more effective and stable TCM treatment for HIV/AIDS-INRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xiu Ji
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Feng Zheng
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Xue Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xi Zou
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Xia
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Nan Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Jun Wan
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wen
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Sheng Feng
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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22
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Zaongo SD, Harypursat V, Rashid F, Dahourou DL, Ouedraogo AS, Chen Y. Influence of HIV infection on cognition and overall intelligence in HIV-infected individuals: advances and perspectives. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1261784. [PMID: 37953826 PMCID: PMC10637382 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1261784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well understood that HIV-positive individuals, even those under effective ART, tend to develop a spectrum of cognitive, motor, and/or mood conditions which are contemporarily referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), and which is directly related to HIV-1 infection and HIV-1 replication in the central nervous system (CNS). As HAND is known to induce difficulties associated with attention, concentration, and memory, it is thus legitimate and pertinent to speculate upon the possibility that HIV infection may well influence human cognition and intelligence. We therefore propose herein to review the concept of intelligence, the concept of cells of intelligence, the influence of HIV on these particular cells, and the evidence pointing to differences in observed intelligence quotient (IQ) scores between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. Additionally, cumulative research evidence continues to draw attention to the influence of the gut on human intelligence. Up to now, although it is known that HIV infection profoundly alters both the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota and the structural integrity of the gut, the influence of the gut on intelligence in the context of HIV infection remains poorly described. As such, we also provide herein a review of the different ways in which HIV may influence human intelligence via the gut-brain axis. Finally, we provide a discourse on perspectives related to HIV and human intelligence which may assist in generating more robust evidence with respect to this issue in future studies. Our aim is to provide insightful knowledge for the identification of novel areas of investigation, in order to reveal and explain some of the enigmas related to HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvere D. Zaongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Farooq Rashid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Désiré Lucien Dahourou
- Département Biomédical/Santé Publique, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/CNRST, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo
- Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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23
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Mandal RK, Mandal A, Denny JE, Namazii R, John CC, Schmidt NW. Gut Bacteroides act in a microbial consortium to cause susceptibility to severe malaria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6465. [PMID: 37833304 PMCID: PMC10575898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Gut bacteria can influence the severity of malaria, but the contribution of specific bacteria to the risk of severe malaria is unknown. Here, multiomics approaches demonstrate that specific species of Bacteroides are causally linked to the risk of severe malaria. Plasmodium yoelii hyperparasitemia-resistant mice gavaged with murine-isolated Bacteroides fragilis develop P. yoelii hyperparasitemia. Moreover, Bacteroides are significantly more abundant in Ugandan children with severe malarial anemia than with asymptomatic P. falciparum infection. Human isolates of Bacteroides caccae, Bacteroides uniformis, and Bacteroides ovatus were able to cause susceptibility to severe malaria in mice. While monocolonization of germ-free mice with Bacteroides alone is insufficient to cause susceptibility to hyperparasitemia, meta-analysis across multiple studies support a main role for Bacteroides in susceptibility to severe malaria. Approaches that target gut Bacteroides present an opportunity to prevent severe malaria and associated deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra K Mandal
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anita Mandal
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joshua E Denny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ruth Namazii
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chandy C John
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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24
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Herbert C, Luies L, Loots DT, Williams AA. The metabolic consequences of HIV/TB co-infection. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:536. [PMID: 37592227 PMCID: PMC10436461 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synergy between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis during co-infection of a host is well known. While this synergy is known to be driven by immunological deterioration, the metabolic mechanisms that contribute to the associated disease burden experienced during HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infection remain poorly understood. Furthermore, while anti-HIV treatments suppress viral replication, these therapeutics give rise to host metabolic disruption and adaptations beyond that induced by only infection or disease. METHODS In this study, the serum metabolic profiles of healthy controls, untreated HIV-negative TB-positive patients, untreated HIV/TB co-infected patients, and HIV/TB co-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), were measured using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Since no global metabolic profile for HIV/TB co-infection and the effect of ART has been published to date, this pilot study aimed to elucidate the general areas of metabolism affected during such conditions. RESULTS HIV/TB co-infection induced significant changes to the host's lipid and protein metabolism, with additional microbial product translocation from the gut to the blood. The results suggest that HIV augments TB synergistically, at least in part, contributing to increased inflammation, oxidative stress, ART-induced mitochondrial damage, and its detrimental effects on gut health, which in turn, affects energy availability. ART reverses these trends to some extent in HIV/TB co-infected patients but not to that of healthy controls. CONCLUSION This study generated several new hypotheses that could direct future metabolic studies, which could be combined with other research techniques or methodologies to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandré Herbert
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Laneke Luies
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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25
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Zhang W, Ruan L. Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236460. [PMID: 37608956 PMCID: PMC10440441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy has demonstrated proved effectiveness in suppressing viral replication and significantly recovering CD4+ T cell count in HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, contributing to a dramatic reduction in AIDS morbidity and mortality. However, the factors affecting immune reconstitution are extremely complex. Demographic factors, co-infection, baseline CD4 cell level, abnormal immune activation, and cytokine dysregulation may all affect immune reconstitution. According to report, 10-40% of HIV-1-infected patients fail to restore the normalization of CD4+ T cell count and function. They are referred to as immunological non-responders (INRs) who fail to achieve complete immune reconstitution and have a higher mortality rate and higher risk of developing other non-AIDS diseases compared with those who achieve complete immune reconstitution. Heretofore, the mechanisms underlying incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV remain elusive, and INRs are not effectively treated or mitigated. This review discusses the recent progress of mechanisms and factors responsible for incomplete immune reconstitution in AIDS and summarizes the corresponding therapeutic strategies according to different mechanisms to improve the individual therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lianguo Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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26
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Zhang Y, Andreu-Sánchez S, Vadaq N, Wang D, Matzaraki V, van der Heijden WA, Gacesa R, Weersma RK, Zhernakova A, Vandekerckhove L, de Mast Q, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, van der Ven AJAM, Fu J. Gut dysbiosis associates with cytokine production capacity in viral-suppressed people living with HIV. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1202035. [PMID: 37583444 PMCID: PMC10425223 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1202035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are exposed to chronic immune dysregulation, even when virus replication is suppressed by antiretroviral therapy (ART). Given the emerging role of the gut microbiome in immunity, we hypothesized that the gut microbiome may be related to the cytokine production capacity of PLHIV. Methods To test this hypothesis, we collected metagenomic data from 143 ART-treated PLHIV and assessed the ex vivo production capacity of eight different cytokines [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-1Ra, IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon-γ] in response to different stimuli. We also characterized CD4+ T-cell counts, HIV reservoir, and other clinical parameters. Results Compared with 190 age- and sex-matched controls and a second independent control cohort, PLHIV showed microbial dysbiosis that was correlated with viral reservoir levels (CD4+ T-cell-associated HIV-1 DNA), cytokine production capacity, and sexual behavior. Notably, we identified two genetically different P. copri strains that were enriched in either PLHIV or healthy controls. The control-related strain showed a stronger negative association with cytokine production capacity than the PLHIV-related strain, particularly for Pam3Cys-incuded IL-6 and IL-10 production. The control-related strain is also positively associated with CD4+ T-cell level. Conclusions Our findings suggest that modulating the gut microbiome may be a strategy to modulate immune response in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sergio Andreu-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nadira Vadaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Daoming Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter A. van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ranko Gacesa
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - André J. A. M. van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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27
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Moretti S, Schietroma I, Sberna G, Maggiorella MT, Sernicola L, Farcomeni S, Giovanetti M, Ciccozzi M, Borsetti A. HIV-1-Host Interaction in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT): Effects on Local Environment and Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12193. [PMID: 37569570 PMCID: PMC10418605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 replication in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract causes severe CD4+ T-cell depletion and disruption of the protective epithelial barrier in the intestinal mucosa, causing microbial translocation, the main driver of inflammation and immune activation, even in people living with HIV (PLWH) taking antiretroviral drug therapy. The higher levels of HIV DNA in the gut compared to the blood highlight the importance of the gut as a viral reservoir. CD4+ T-cell subsets in the gut differ in phenotypic characteristics and differentiation status from the ones in other tissues or in peripheral blood, and little is still known about the mechanisms by which the persistence of HIV is maintained at this anatomical site. This review aims to describe the interaction with key subsets of CD4+ T cells in the intestinal mucosa targeted by HIV-1 and the role of gut microbiome and its metabolites in HIV-associated systemic inflammation and immune activation that are crucial in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Moretti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Ivan Schietroma
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Sberna
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Maria Teresa Maggiorella
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Leonardo Sernicola
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefania Farcomeni
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Borsetti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
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28
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Ueland T, Waagsbø B, Berge RK, Trøseid M, Aukrust P, Damås JK. Fatty Acids Composition and HIV Infection: Altered Levels of n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Associated with Disease Progression. Viruses 2023; 15:1613. [PMID: 37515299 PMCID: PMC10385810 DOI: 10.3390/v15071613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are important regulators of immune responses and innate defense mechanisms. We hypothesized that disturbed FA metabolism could contribute to the progression of HIV infection. Plasma levels of 45 FAs were analyzed with gas chromatography in healthy controls and HIV-infected patients with regard to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection. In vitro, we assessed MAC-PPD-induced release of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral and bone marrow mononuclear cells (PBMC and BMMC) according to levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). While plasma saturated FAs were higher in HIV infection, PUFAs, and in particular the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (AA), were lower in patients with advanced disease. The ratio between AA and precursor dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, reflecting Δ5-desaturase activity, was markedly lower and inversely correlated with plasma HIV RNA levels in these patients. Depletion of AA was observed prior to MAC infection, and MAC-PPD-induced release of TNF and IL-6 in PBMC and BMMC was lower in patients with low plasma AA. Our findings suggest that dysregulated metabolism of n-6 PUFAs may play a role in the progression of HIV infection. While high AA may contribute to chronic inflammation in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients, low AA seems to increase the susceptibility to MAC infection in patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0420 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
- Thrombosis Research Center (TREC), Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, NO-9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Waagsbø
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olav's Hospital, NO-7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rolf K Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, NO-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, NO-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0420 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0420 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan K Damås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olav's Hospital, NO-7006 Trondheim, Norway
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Duarte MJ, Tien PC, Somsouk M, Price JC. The human microbiome and gut-liver axis in people living with HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:170-180. [PMID: 37129834 PMCID: PMC10232565 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst people living with HIV (PLWH). Emerging data suggests that gut microbial translocation may play a role in driving and modulating liver disease, a bi-directional relationship termed the gut-liver axis. While it is recognized that PLWH have a high degree of dysbiosis and gut microbial translocation, little is known about the gut-liver axis in PLWH. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that microbial translocation can directly lead to hepatic inflammation, and have linked gut microbial signatures, dysbiosis, and translocation to liver disease in PLWH. Additionally, multiple trials have explored interventions targeting the microbiome in PLWH. Emerging research supports the interaction between the gut microbiome and liver disease in PLWH. This offers new opportunities to expand our understanding of the pathophysiology of liver disease in this population, as well as to explore possible clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Duarte
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis C Tien
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer C Price
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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30
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Min AK, Keane AM, Weinstein MP, Swartz TH. The impact of cannabinoids on inflammasome signaling in HIV-1 infection. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:79-88. [PMID: 37027347 PMCID: PMC10070009 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a chronic disease that afflicts over 38 million people worldwide without a known cure. The advent of effective antiretroviral therapies (ART) has significantly decreased the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection in people living with HIV-1 (PWH), thanks to durable virologic suppression. Despite this, people with HIV-1 experience chronic inflammation associated with co-morbidities. While no single known mechanism accounts for chronic inflammation, there is significant evidence to support the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a key driver. Numerous studies have demonstrated therapeutic impact of cannabinoids, including exerting modulatory effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome. Given the high rates of cannabinoid use in PWH, it is of great interest to understand the intersecting biology of the role of cannabinoids in HIV-1-associated inflammasome signaling. Here we describe the literature of chronic inflammation in people with HIV, the therapeutic impact of cannabinoids in PWH, endocannabinoids in inflammation, and HIV-1-associated inflammation. We describe a key interaction between cannabinoids, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and HIV-1 viral infection, which supports further investigation of the critical role of cannabinoids in HIV-1 infection and inflammasome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice K. Min
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aislinn M. Keane
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Paltiel Weinstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Talia H. Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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31
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Castillo-Rozas G, Lopez MN, Soto-Rifo R, Vidal R, Cortes CP. Enteropathy and gut dysbiosis as obstacles to achieve immune recovery in undetectable people with HIV: a clinical view of evidence, successes, and projections. AIDS 2023; 37:367-378. [PMID: 36695354 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Immune performance following antiretroviral therapy initiation varies among patients. Despite achieving viral undetectability, a subgroup of patients fails to restore CD4+ T-cell counts during follow-up, which exposes them to non-AIDS defining comorbidities and increased mortality. Unfortunately, its mechanisms are incompletely understood, and no specific treatment is available. In this review, we address some of the pathophysiological aspects of the poor immune response from a translational perspective, with emphasis in the interaction between gut microbiome, intestinal epithelial dysfunction, and immune system, and we also discuss some studies attempting to improve immune performance by intervening in this vicious cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Castillo-Rozas
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program
- Cancer Regulation and Immunoediting Laboratory, Immunology Program
- Center for HIV/AIDS Integral Research -CHAIR, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes N Lopez
- Cancer Regulation and Immunoediting Laboratory, Immunology Program
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program
- Center for HIV/AIDS Integral Research -CHAIR, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Claudia P Cortes
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile
- Center for HIV/AIDS Integral Research -CHAIR, Universidad de Chile, Santiago
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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32
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The Gut Microbiome, Microbial Metabolites, and Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:86-99. [PMID: 36708497 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To synthesize recent evidence relating the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people living with HIV (PLWH). RECENT FINDINGS A few cross-sectional studies have reported on the gut microbiome and cardiovascular outcomes in the context of HIV, with no consistent patterns emerging. The largest such study found that gut Fusobacterium was associated with carotid artery plaque. More studies have evaluated microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide with CVD risk in PLWH, but results were inconsistent, with recent prospective analyses showing null effects. Studies of other microbial metabolites are scarce. Microbial translocation biomarkers (e.g., lipopolysaccharide binding protein) have been related to incident CVD in PLWH. Microbial translocation may increase CVD risk in PLWH, but there is insufficient and/or inconsistent evidence regarding specific microbial species and microbial metabolites associated with cardiovascular outcomes in PLWH. Further research is needed in large prospective studies integrating the gut microbiome, microbial translocation, and microbial metabolites with cardiovascular outcomes in PLWH.
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Chandiwana P, Munjoma PT, Mazhandu AJ, Li J, Baertschi I, Wyss J, Jordi SBU, Mazengera LR, Yilmaz B, Misselwitz B, Duri K. Antenatal gut microbiome profiles and effect on pregnancy outcome in HIV infected and HIV uninfected women in a resource limited setting. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:4. [PMID: 36604616 PMCID: PMC9817306 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) severely damages the epithelial cells of the gut lining leading to an inflamed leaky gut, translocation of microbial products, and dysbiosis resulting in systemic immune activation. Also, microbiota composition and maternal gut function can be altered in pregnancy through changes in the immune system and intestinal physiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the gut microbiota in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women and to compare and identify the association between gut microbial composition and adverse birth outcomes. RESULTS A total of 94 pregnant women (35 HIV-infected and 59 HIV-uninfected controls) were recruited in Harare from 4 polyclinics serving populations with relatively poor socioeconomic status. Women were of a median age of 28 years (interquartile range, IQR: 22.3-32.0) and 55% of women were 35 weeks gestational age at enrolment (median 35.0 weeks, IQR: 32.5-37.2). Microbiota profiling in these participants showed that species richness was significantly lower in the HIV-infected pregnant women compared to their HIV-uninfected peers and significant differences in β-diversity using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity were observed. In contrast, there was no significant difference in α-diversity between immune-compromised (CD4+ < 350 cells/µL) and immune-competent HIV-infected women (CD4+ ≥ 350 cells/µL) even after stratification by viral load suppression. HIV infection was significantly associated with a reduced abundance of Clostridium, Turicibacter, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Treponema, Oscillospira, and Faecalibacterium and a higher abundance of Actinomyces, and Succinivibrio. Low infant birth weight (< 2500 g) was significantly associated with high abundances of the phylum Spirochaetes, the families Spirochaeteceae, Veillonellaceae, and the genus Treponema. CONCLUSION The results reported here show that the species richness and taxonomy composition of the gut microbiota is altered in HIV-infected pregnant women, possibly reflecting intestinal dysbiosis. Some of these taxa were also associated with low infant birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panashe Chandiwana
- grid.13001.330000 0004 0572 0760Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Privilege Tendai Munjoma
- grid.13001.330000 0004 0572 0760Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Arthur John Mazhandu
- grid.13001.330000 0004 0572 0760Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jiaqi Li
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for Biomedical Research, Maurice Müller Laboratories, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Baertschi
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for Biomedical Research, Maurice Müller Laboratories, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Wyss
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for Biomedical Research, Maurice Müller Laboratories, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Bruno Ulrich Jordi
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for Biomedical Research, Maurice Müller Laboratories, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lovemore Ronald Mazengera
- grid.13001.330000 0004 0572 0760Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for Biomedical Research, Maurice Müller Laboratories, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for Biomedical Research, Maurice Müller Laboratories, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kerina Duri
- grid.13001.330000 0004 0572 0760Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
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34
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Zaongo SD, Chen Y. Gut microbiota: a potential key player in boosting immune reconstitution of immunological nonresponders. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:83-85. [PMID: 36727529 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvere D Zaongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, 400036, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, 400036, China
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35
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Zaongo SD, Ouyang J, Isnard S, Zhou X, Harypursat V, Cui H, Routy JP, Chen Y. Candida albicans can foster gut dysbiosis and systemic inflammation during HIV infection. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2167171. [PMID: 36722096 PMCID: PMC9897780 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2167171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a ubiquitous fungal commensal component of the human microbiota, and under certain circumstances, such as during an immunocompromised state, it may initiate different types of infection. Moreover, C. albicans continuously and reciprocally interacts with the host immune system as well as with other elements of the gut microbiota, thus contributing significantly to both gut homeostasis and host immunity. People living with HIV (PLWH), including those receiving antiretroviral therapy, are characterized by a depletion of CD4 + T-cells and dysbiosis in their gut. C. albicans colonization is frequent in PLWH, causing both a high prevalence and high morbidity. Gut barrier damage and elevated levels of microbial translocation are also fairly common in this population. Herein, we take a closer look at the reciprocity among C. albicans, gut microbiota, HIV, and the host immune system, thus throwing some light on this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvere D Zaongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China,Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada,Canadian HIV Trials Network, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xin Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada,Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada,Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China,Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China,CONTACT Yaokai Chen Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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36
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Chen X, Han J, Cai X, Wang S. Antimicrobial peptides: Sustainable application informed by evolutionary constraints. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108012. [PMID: 35752270 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation and global expansion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have deepened the need to develop novel antimicrobials. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are regarded as promising antibacterial agents because of their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and multifaceted mechanisms of action with non-specific targets. However, if AMPs are to be applied sustainably, knowledge of how they induce resistance in pathogenic bacteria must be mastered to avoid repeating the traditional antibiotic resistance mistakes currently faced. Furthermore, the evolutionary constraints on the acquisition of AMP resistance by microorganisms in the natural environment, such as functional compatibility and fitness trade-offs, inform the translational application of AMPs. Consequently, the shortcut to achieve sustainable utilization of AMPs is to uncover the evolutionary constraints of bacteria on AMP resistance in nature and find the tricks to exploit these constraints, such as applying AMP cocktails to minimize the efficacy of selection for resistance or combining nanomaterials to maximize the costs of AMP resistance. Altogether, this review dissects the benefits, challenges, and opportunities of utilizing AMPs against disease-causing bacteria, and highlights the use of AMP cocktails or nanomaterials to proactively address potential AMP resistance crises in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jinzhi Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xixi Cai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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Carrico AW, Cherenack EM, Rubin LH, McIntosh R, Ghanooni D, Chavez JV, Klatt NR, Paul RH. Through the Looking-Glass: Psychoneuroimmunology and the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in the Modern Antiretroviral Therapy Era. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:984-994. [PMID: 36044613 PMCID: PMC9553251 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression, substance use disorders, and other neuropsychiatric comorbidities are common in people with HIV (PWH), but the underlying mechanisms are not sufficiently understood. HIV-induced damage to the gastrointestinal tract potentiates residual immune dysregulation in PWH receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. However, few studies among PWH have examined the relevance of microbiome-gut-brain axis: bidirectional crosstalk between the gastrointestinal tract, immune system, and central nervous system. METHODS A narrative review was conducted to integrate findings from 159 articles relevant to psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and microbiome-gut-brain axis research in PWH. RESULTS Early PNI studies demonstrated that neuroendocrine signaling via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system could partially account for the associations of psychological factors with clinical HIV progression. This review highlights the need for PNI studies examining the mechanistic relevance of the gut microbiota for residual immune dysregulation, tryptophan catabolism, and oxytocin release as key biological determinants of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in PWH (i.e., body-to-mind pathways). It also underscores the continued relevance of neuroendocrine signaling via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and oxytocin release in modifying microbiome-gut-brain axis functioning (i.e., mind-to-body pathways). CONCLUSIONS Advancing our understanding of PNI and microbiome-gut-brain axis pathways relevant to depression, substance use disorders, and other neuropsychiatric comorbidities in PWH can guide the development of novel biobehavioral interventions to optimize health outcomes. Recommendations are provided for biobehavioral and neurobehavioral research investigating bidirectional PNI and microbiome-gut-brain axis pathways among PWH in the modern antiretroviral therapy era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Carrico
- From the Department of Public Health Sciences (Carrico, Cherenack, Ghanooni, Chavez), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Departments of Neurology (Rubin) and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Rubin), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology (Rubin), Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology (McIntosh), University of Miami College of Arts and Sciences, Coral Gables, Florida; Department of Surgery (Klatt), University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Department of Psychological Sciences (Paul), University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Caira-Chuquineyra B, Fernandez-Guzman D, Soriano-Moreno DR, Fernandez-Morales J, Flores-Lovon K, Medina-Ramírez SA, Gonzales-Uribe AG, Pelayo-Luis IP, Gonzales-Zamora JA, Huaringa-Marcelo J. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Scoping Review. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:700-708. [PMID: 35451337 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review was to determine the characteristics of studies evaluating fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as well as its effects and safety as a therapeutic intervention for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We conducted a scoping review following the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute. We searched the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Medline until September 19, 2021. Studies that used FMT in people living with HIV and explored its effects on the health of these people were included. Two randomized and 2 uncontrolled clinical trials with a total of 55 participants were included. Participants were well-controlled HIV-infected people. Regarding microbiota changes, three studies found significant post-FMT increases in Fusobacterium, Prevotella, α-diversity, Chao index, and/or Shannon index, and/or decreases in Bacteroides. Regarding markers of intestinal damage, one study found a decrease in intestinal fatty acid binding protein post-FMT, and another study found an increase in zonulin. Other outcomes evaluated by the studies were as follows: markers of immune and inflammatory activation, markers of immunocompetence (CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes), and HIV viral load; however, none showed significant changes. Clinical outcomes were not evaluated by these studies. Regarding the safety of FMT, only mild adverse events were appreciated. No serious adverse event was reported. The clinical evidence for FMT in people living with HIV is sparse. FMT appears to have good tolerability and, no serious adverse event has been reported so far. Further clinical trials and evaluation of clinically important biomedical outcomes for FMT in people living with HIV are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Caira-Chuquineyra
- Peruvian Epidemiological Research Group, Unit for the Generation and Synthesis of Health Evidence, San Ignacio de Loyola University, Lima, Peru.,Faculty of Medicine, National University of San Agustín, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Guzman
- Peruvian Epidemiological Research Group, Unit for the Generation and Synthesis of Health Evidence, San Ignacio de Loyola University, Lima, Peru.,Professional School of Human Medicine, National University of San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - David R Soriano-Moreno
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | - Jared Fernandez-Morales
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Antony G Gonzales-Uribe
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | - Isabel P Pelayo-Luis
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | - Jose A Gonzales-Zamora
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Peruvian American Medical Society, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jorge Huaringa-Marcelo
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Scientific University of the South, Lima, Peru.,Archbishop Loayza National Hospital, Lima, Peru
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Biazzo M, Deidda G. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as New Therapeutic Avenue for Human Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144119. [PMID: 35887883 PMCID: PMC9320118 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is home to a variety of micro-organisms. Most of these microbial communities reside in the gut and are referred to as gut microbiota. Over the last decades, compelling evidence showed that a number of human pathologies are associated with microbiota dysbiosis, thereby suggesting that the reinstatement of physiological microflora balance and composition might ameliorate the clinical symptoms. Among possible microbiota-targeted interventions, pre/pro-biotics supplementations were shown to provide effective results, but the main limitation remains in the limited microbial species available as probiotics. Differently, fecal microbiota transplantation involves the transplantation of a solution of fecal matter from a donor into the intestinal tract of a recipient in order to directly change the recipient's gut microbial composition aiming to confer a health benefit. Firstly used in the 4th century in traditional Chinese medicine, nowadays, it has been exploited so far to treat recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections, but accumulating data coming from a number of clinical trials clearly indicate that fecal microbiota transplantation may also carry the therapeutic potential for a number of other conditions ranging from gastrointestinal to liver diseases, from cancer to inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune diseases and brain disorders, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we will summarize the commonly used preparation and delivery methods, comprehensively review the evidence obtained in clinical trials in different human conditions and discuss the variability in the results and the pivotal importance of donor selection. The final aim is to stimulate discussion and open new therapeutic perspectives among experts in the use of fecal microbiota transplantation not only in Clostridioides difficile infection but as one of the first strategies to be used to ameliorate a number of human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Biazzo
- The BioArte Limited, Life Sciences Park, Triq San Giljan, SGN 3000 San Gwann, Malta;
- SienabioACTIVE, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Deidda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-6125
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40
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Bommana S, Richards G, Kama M, Kodimerla R, Jijakli K, Read TD, Dean D. Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing of Endocervical, Vaginal, and Rectal Samples among Fijian Women with and without Chlamydia trachomatis Reveals Disparate Microbial Populations and Function across Anatomic Sites: a Pilot Study. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0010522. [PMID: 35579443 PMCID: PMC9241848 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00105-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted pathogen and a global public health concern. Little is known about the microbial composition and function across endocervical, vaginal, and rectal microbiomes in the context of C. trachomatis infection. We evaluated the microbiomes of 10 age-matched high-risk Fijian women with and without C. trachomatis using metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MSS). Lactobacillus iners and Lactobacillus crispatus dominated the vagina and endocervix of uninfected women. Species often found in higher relative abundance in bacterial vaginosis (BV)-Mageeibacillus indolicus, Prevotella spp., Sneathia spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, and Veillonellaceae spp.-were dominant in C. trachomatis-infected women. This combination of BV pathogens was unique to Pacific Islanders compared to previously studied groups. The C. trachomatis-infected endocervix had a higher diversity of microbiota and microbial profiles that were somewhat different from those of the vagina. However, community state type III (CST-III) and CST-IV predominated, reflecting pathogenic microbiota regardless of C. trachomatis infection status. Rectal microbiomes were dominated by Prevotella and Bacteroides, although four women had unique microbiomes with Gardnerella, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Brachyspira. A high level of microbial similarity across microbiomes in two C. trachomatis-infected women suggested intragenitorectal transmission. A number of metabolic pathways in the endocervix, driven by BV pathogens and C. trachomatis to meet nutritional requirements for survival/growth, 5-fold higher than that in the vagina indicated that endocervical microbial functions are likely more diverse and complex than those in the vagina. Our novel findings provide the impetus for larger prospective studies to interrogate microbial/microbiome interactions that promote C. trachomatis infection and better define the unique genitorectal microbiomes of Pacific Islanders. IMPORTANCE Chlamydia trachomatis is the primary cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide, with a disturbing increase in annual rates. While there is a plethora of data on healthy and pathogenic vaginal microbiomes-defining microbial profiles and associations with sexually transmitted infections (STIs)-far fewer studies have similarly examined the endocervix or rectum. Further, vulnerable populations, such as Pacific Islanders, remain underrepresented in research. We investigated the microbial composition, structure, and function of these anatomic microbiomes using metagenomic shotgun sequencing among a Fijian cohort. We found, primarily among C. trachomatis-infected women, unique microbial profiles in endocervical, vaginal, and rectal microbiomes with an increased diversity and more complex microbial pathways in endocervical than vaginal microbiomes. Similarities in microbiome composition across sites for some women suggested intragenitorectal transmission. These novel insights into genitorectal microbiomes and their purported function require prospective studies to better define Pacific Islander microbiomes and microbial/microbiome interactions that promote C. trachomatis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankhya Bommana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Gracie Richards
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Mike Kama
- Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Suva, Fiji
| | - Reshma Kodimerla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Kenan Jijakli
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Timothy D. Read
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deborah Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Joint Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco and University of California Berkeley, San Francisco, California, USA
- Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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41
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Dillon SM, Mickens KL, Thompson TA, Cooper EH, Nesladek S, Christians AJ, Castleman M, Guo K, Wood C, Frank DN, Kechris K, Santiago ML, Wilson CC. Granzyme B + CD4 T cells accumulate in the colon during chronic HIV-1 infection. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2045852. [PMID: 35258402 PMCID: PMC8920224 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2045852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic HIV-1 infection results in the sustained disruption of gut homeostasis culminating in alterations in microbial communities (dysbiosis) and increased microbial translocation. Major questions remain on how interactions between translocating microbes and gut immune cells impact HIV-1-associated gut pathogenesis. We previously reported that in vitro exposure of human gut cells to enteric commensal bacteria upregulated the serine protease and cytotoxic marker Granzyme B (GZB) in CD4 T cells, and GZB expression was further increased in HIV-1-infected CD4 T cells. To determine if these in vitro findings extend in vivo, we evaluated the frequencies of GZB+ CD4 T cells in colon biopsies and peripheral blood of untreated, chronically infected people with HIV-1 (PWH). Colon and blood GZB+ CD4 T cells were found at significantly higher frequencies in PWH. Colon, but not blood, GZB+ CD4 T cell frequencies were associated with gut and systemic T cell activation and Prevotella species abundance. In vitro, commensal bacteria upregulated GZB more readily in gut versus blood or tonsil-derived CD4 T cells, particularly in inflammatory T helper 17 cells. Bacteria-induced GZB expression in gut CD4 T cells required the presence of accessory cells, the IL-2 pathway and in part, MHC Class II. Overall, we demonstrate that GZB+ CD4 T cells are prevalent in the colon during chronic HIV-1 infection and may emerge following interactions with translocated bacteria in an IL-2 and MHC Class II-dependent manner. Associations between GZB+ CD4 T cells, dysbiosis and T cell activation suggest that GZB+ CD4 T cells may contribute to gut HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Dillon
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kaylee L. Mickens
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tezha A. Thompson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily H. Cooper
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sabrina Nesladek
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Moriah Castleman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kejun Guo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cheyret Wood
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mario L. Santiago
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cara C. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA,contact Cara C. Wilson Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Wu P, Zhu T, Tan Z, Chen S, Fang Z. Role of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:812303. [PMID: 35601107 PMCID: PMC9121061 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.812303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and its metabolites play an important role in maintaining host homeostasis. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a malignant clinical syndrome with a frightening mortality. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is an important feature of PAH, and its pathogenesis is not well established. With the progress of studies on intestinal microbes in different disease, cumulative evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays a major role in PAH pathophysiology. In this review, we will systematically summarize translational and preclinical data on the correlation between gut dysbiosis and PAH and investigate the role of gut dysbiosis in the causation of PAH. Then, we point out the potential significance of gut dysbiosis in the diagnosis and treatment of PAH as well as several problems that remain to be resolved in the field of gut dysbiosis and PAH. All of this knowledge of gut microbiome might pave the way for the extension of novel pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, and targeted therapies for PAH.
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Olivas-Martínez I, Rosado-Sánchez I, Cordero-Varela JA, Sobrino S, Genebat M, Herrero-Fernández I, de Pablos RM, Carvajal AE, Ruiz R, Isabel Álvarez-Ríos A, Fontillón-Alberdi M, Bulnes-Ramos Á, Garrido-Rodríguez V, Pozo-Balado MDM, Leal M, Pacheco YM. Partial restoration of gut-mucosal dysbiosis in late-treated HIV-infected subjects with CD4 T-cell recovery. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e788. [PMID: 35384348 PMCID: PMC8982320 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Olivas-Martínez
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Isaac Rosado-Sánchez
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Cordero-Varela
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Service, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Salvador Sobrino
- Digestive Service, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Genebat
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Inés Herrero-Fernández
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Martínez de Pablos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Eloísa Carvajal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Ruiz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Ángel Bulnes-Ramos
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Vanesa Garrido-Rodríguez
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Pozo-Balado
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel Leal
- Internal Medicine Service, Viamed-Santa Ángela Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Yolanda María Pacheco
- Immunology Lab, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Relationship of Diet to Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Biomarkers in People with HIV. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061221. [PMID: 35334878 PMCID: PMC8954190 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While changes in microbiome composition have been associated with HIV, the effect of diet and its potential impact on inflammation remains unclear. Methods: Twenty-seven people living with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were studied. A comprehensive dietary analysis was performed and two types of dietary patterns were determined. We explored the associations of each dietary pattern with gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory biomarkers. Results: We appreciated two dietary patterns, Mediterranean-like (MEL) and one Western-like (WEL). Compared to participants with the WEL pattern, participants with MEL pattern showed higher abundance of Lachnospira (p-value = 0.02) and lower levels of the inflammatory biomarkers D-dimer (p-value = 0.050) and soluble TNF-alpha receptor 2 (sTNFR2) (p-value = 0.049). Men who have sex with men (MSM) with MEL pattern had lower abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae (p-value < 0.001) and lower levels of D-dimer (p-value = 0.026) than MSM with WEL pattern. Conclusion: MEL pattern favours Lachnospira abundance, and protects against Erysipelotrichaceae abundance and higher levels of the inflammatory biomarkers D-dimer and sTNFR2, precursors of inflammatory processes in HIV-infected patients. Our study contributes to understanding the determinants of a healthier diet and its connections with gut microbiota and inflammation.
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Sherrill-Mix S, Yang M, Aldrovandi GM, Brenchley JM, Bushman FD, Collman RG, Dandekar S, Klatt NR, Lagenaur LA, Landay AL, Paredes R, Tachedjian G, Turpin JA, Serrano-Villar S, Lozupone CA, Ghosh M. A Summary of the Sixth International Workshop on Microbiome in HIV Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:173-180. [PMID: 34969255 PMCID: PMC9009592 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In October of 2020, researchers from around the world met online for the sixth annual International Workshop on Microbiome in HIV Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment. New research was presented on the roles of the microbiome on immune response and HIV transmission and pathogenesis and the potential for alterations in the microbiome to decrease transmission and affect comorbidities. This article presents a summary of the findings reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Sherrill-Mix
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Address correspondence to: Scott Sherrill-Mix, Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Johnson Pavilion, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Grace M. Aldrovandi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald G. Collman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nichole R. Klatt
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Alan L. Landay
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roger Paredes
- Institut de Recerca de la SIDA IrsiCaixa i Unitat VIH, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat de Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Jim A. Turpin
- Divison of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mimi Ghosh
- Department of Epidemiology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Targeting the Gut Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children to Decrease Inflammation and Immunoactivation: A Pilot Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050992. [PMID: 35267967 PMCID: PMC8912579 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Children with HIV exhibit chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Strategies targeting persistent inflammation are needed to improve health in people living with HIV. The gut microbiota likely interacts with the immune system, but the clinical implications of modulating the dysbiosis by nutritional supplementation are unclear. Methods: Pilot, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial in which 24 HIV-infected on ART were randomized to supplementation with a daily mixture of symbiotics, omega-3/6 fatty acids and amino acids, or placebo four weeks, in combination with ART. We analyzed inflammatory markers and T-cell activation changes and their correlations with shifts in fecal microbiota. Results: Twenty-four HIV-infected children were recruited and randomized to receive a symbiotic nutritional supplement or placebo. Mean age was 12 ± 3.9 years, 62.5% were female. All were on ART and had HIV RNA < 50/mL. We did not detect changes in inflammatory (IL-6, IL-7, IP-10), microbial translocation (sCD14), mucosal integrity markers (IFABP, zonulin) or the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio, or changes in markers of the adaptive immune response in relation to the intervention. However, we found correlations between several key bacteria and the assessed inflammatory and immunological parameters, supporting a role of the microbiota in immune modulation in children with HIV. Conclusions: In this exploratory study, a four-week nutritional supplementation had no significant effects in terms of decreasing inflammation, microbial translocation, or T-cell activation in HIV-infected children. However, the correlations found support the interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system.
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Ouyang J, Zaongo SD, Zhang X, Qi M, Hu A, Wu H, Chen Y. Microbiota-Meditated Immunity Abnormalities Facilitate Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in People Living With HIV: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 12:755890. [PMID: 35069530 PMCID: PMC8770824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is fairly common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and affects millions of people worldwide. Identical transmission routes and HIV-induced immune suppression have been assumed to be the main factors contributing to this phenomenon. Moreover, convergent evidence has shown that people co-infected with HIV and HBV are more likely to have long-term serious medical problems, suffer more from liver-related diseases, and have higher mortality rates, compared to individuals infected exclusively by either HIV or HBV. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the comorbid infection of HIV and HBV have not been fully elucidated. In recent times, the human gastrointestinal microbiome is progressively being recognized as playing a pivotal role in modulating immune function, and is likely to also contribute significantly to critical processes involving systemic inflammation. Both antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-infected subjects and ART-treated individuals are now known to be characterized by having gut microbiomic dysbiosis, which is associated with a damaged intestinal barrier, impaired mucosal immunological functioning, increased microbial translocation, and long-term immune activation. Altered microbiota-related products in PLWH, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), have been associated with the development of leaky gut syndrome, favoring microbial translocation, which in turn has been associated with a chronically activated underlying host immune response and hence the facilitated pathogenesis of HBV infection. Herein, we critically review the interplay among gut microbiota, immunity, and HIV and HBV infection, thus laying down the groundwork with respect to the future development of effective strategies to efficiently restore normally diversified gut microbiota in PLWH with a dysregulated gut microbiome, and thus potentially reduce the prevalence of HBV infection in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ouyang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Silvere D Zaongo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Miaomiao Qi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Aizhen Hu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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Isnard S, Fombuena B, Ouyang J, Royston L, Lin J, Bu S, Sheehan N, Lakatos PL, Bessissow T, Chomont N, Klein M, Lebouché B, Costiniuk CT, Routy B, Marette A, Routy JP. Camu Camu effects on microbial translocation and systemic immune activation in ART-treated people living with HIV: protocol of the single-arm non-randomised Camu Camu prebiotic pilot study (CIHR/CTN PT032). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053081. [PMID: 35039291 PMCID: PMC8765027 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in transforming HIV disease into a chronic infection, people living with HIV (PLWH) remain at risk for various non-AIDS inflammatory comorbidities. Risk of non-AIDS comorbidities is associated with gut dysbiosis, epithelial gut damage and subsequent microbial translocation, and increased activation of both circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Therefore, in addition to ART, novel gut microbiota-modulating therapies could aid in reducing inflammation and immune activation, gut damage, and microbial translocation. Among various gut-modulation strategies under investigation, the Amazonian fruit Camu Camu (CC) presents itself as a prebiotic candidate based on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in animal models and tobacco smokers. METHOD AND ANALYSIS A total of 22 PLWH on ART for more than 2 years, with a viral load <50 copies/mL, a CD4 +count >200 and a CD4+/CD8 +ratio <1 (suggesting increased inflammation and risk for non-AIDS comorbidities), will be recruited in a single arm, non-randomised, interventional pilot trial. We will assess tolerance and effect of supplementation with CC in ART-treated PLWH on reducing gut damage, microbial translocation, inflammation and HIV latent reservoir by various assays. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)/Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN) pilot trial protocol CTNPT032 was approved by the Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate of Health Canada and the research ethics board of the McGill university Health Centre committee (number 2020-5903). Results will be made available as free access through publications in peer-reviewed journals and through the CIHR/CTN website. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04058392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Isnard
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Canadian HIV Trials Network, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brandon Fombuena
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Léna Royston
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Canadian HIV Trials Network, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Lin
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simeng Bu
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy Sheehan
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter L Lakatos
- Division of Gastroentrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Talat Bessissow
- Division of Gastroentrology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marina Klein
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cecilia T Costiniuk
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Routy
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Insitute of Nutrition and Functional food, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec city, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mechanisms of immune aging in HIV. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:61-80. [PMID: 34985109 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Massive CD4+ T-cell depletion as well as sustained immune activation and inflammation are hallmarks of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 infection. In recent years, an emerging concept draws an intriguing parallel between HIV-1 infection and aging. Indeed, many of the alterations that affect innate and adaptive immune subsets in HIV-infected individuals are reminiscent of the process of immune aging, characteristic of old age. These changes, of which the presumed cause is the systemic immune activation established in patients, likely participate in the immuno-incompetence described with HIV progression. With the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-seropositive patients can now live for many years despite chronic viral infection. However, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related opportunistic infections have given way to chronic diseases as the leading cause of death since HIV infection. Therefore, the comparison between HIV-1 infected patients and uninfected elderly individuals goes beyond the sole onset of immunosenescence and extends to the deterioration of several physiological functions related to inflammation and systemic aging. In light of this observation, it is interesting to understand the precise link between immune activation and aging in HIV-1 infection to figure out how to best care for people living with HIV (PLWH).
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Márquez-Coello M, Ruiz-Sánchez C, Martín-Aspas A, Fernández Gutiérrez Del Álamo C, Illanes-Álvarez F, Cuesta-Sancho S, Girón-González JA. Neutrophil Expression of T and B Immunomodulatory Molecules in HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670966. [PMID: 34975826 PMCID: PMC8718872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveEvaluate the expression of B and T cell immunomodulatory molecules in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in HIV-infected patients.MethodsHIV load, bacterial translocation and neutrophils’ expression of T [programmed death ligand, interleukin-10+, arginase 1+] and B [BAFF, APRIL] molecules were analyzed in different cohorts and time points: a control group of 25 healthy individuals and two groups of HIV-infected patients. Group 1 of patients included 35 untreated patients, studied at baseline and after antiretroviral therapy (ART). Group 2 was composed of 25 patients with undetectable viral load after a median of 101 months of ART prior to inclusion in the study.ResultsCompared with the control group, group 1 patients showed increased bacterial translocation and their PMN had a significantly higher expression of T and B-cell immunomodulatory molecules, both at baseline and after 12 months of ART. Group 2 patients showed reduced bacterial translocation levels when compared with group 1 patients after 12 months of treatment. PMN expression of B-cell modulators was similar between group 2 patients and healthy controls, although the expression of T-cell modulators remained increased.ConclusionIn HIV-infected patients, the expression of B-cell stimulatory and T-cell suppressive molecules by neutrophils was increased at baseline and after a limited time of therapy. After a prolonged period of ART, only PMNs expression of T-cell immunosuppressive molecules remained elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Márquez-Coello
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Sánchez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Andrés Martín-Aspas
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Clotilde Fernández Gutiérrez Del Álamo
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Illanes-Álvarez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sara Cuesta-Sancho
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Girón-González
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
- *Correspondence: José-Antonio Girón-González,
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