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Ambrin G, Kang YJ, Van Do K, Lee C, Singh BR, Cho H. Botulinum Neurotoxin Induces Neurotoxic Microglia Mediated by Exogenous Inflammatory Responses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305326. [PMID: 38342616 PMCID: PMC11022717 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is widely used in therapeutics and cosmetics. The effects of multi-dosed BoNT/A treatment are well documented on the peripheral nervous system (PNS), but much less is known on the central nervous system (CNS). Here, the mechanism of multi-dosed BoNT/A leading to CNS neurodegeneration is explored by using the 3D human neuron-glia model. BoNT/A treatment reduces acetylcholine, triggers astrocytic transforming growth factor beta, and upregulates C1q, C3, and C5 expression, inducing microglial proinflammation. The disintegration of the neuronal microtubules is escorted by microglial nitric oxide, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 8. The microglial proinflammation eventually causes synaptic impairment, phosphorylated tau (pTau) aggregation, and the loss of the BoNT/A-treated neurons. Taking a more holistic approach, the model will allow to assess therapeutics for the CNS neurodegeneration under the prolonged use of BoNT/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghuncha Ambrin
- School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCA92093USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering SciencesUniversity of North CarolinaCharlotteNC28223USA
| | - You Jung Kang
- Institute Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Khanh Van Do
- Institute Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Charles Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering SciencesUniversity of North CarolinaCharlotteNC28223USA
| | - Bal Ram Singh
- Botulinum Research Center, Institute of Advanced SciencesDartmouthMA02747USA
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐guSuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
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Tong H, Yang T, Xu S, Li X, Liu L, Zhou G, Yang S, Yin S, Li XJ, Li S. Huntington's Disease: Complex Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3845. [PMID: 38612657 PMCID: PMC11011923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) arises from the abnormal expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene (HTT), resulting in the production of the mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) with a polyglutamine stretch in its N-terminus. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying HD are complex and not yet fully elucidated. However, mHTT forms aggregates and accumulates abnormally in neuronal nuclei and processes, leading to disruptions in multiple cellular functions. Although there is currently no effective curative treatment for HD, significant progress has been made in developing various therapeutic strategies to treat HD. In addition to drugs targeting the neuronal toxicity of mHTT, gene therapy approaches that aim to reduce the expression of the mutant HTT gene hold great promise for effective HD therapy. This review provides an overview of current HD treatments, discusses different therapeutic strategies, and aims to facilitate future therapeutic advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (H.T.); (T.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (H.T.); (T.Y.); (S.X.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (G.Z.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.)
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Gomez‐Arboledas A, Fonseca MI, Kramar E, Chu S, Schartz ND, Selvan P, Wood MA, Tenner AJ. C5aR1 signaling promotes region- and age-dependent synaptic pruning in models of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2173-2190. [PMID: 38278523 PMCID: PMC10984438 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synaptic loss is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that correlates with cognitive decline in AD patients. Complement-mediated synaptic pruning has been associated with this excessive loss of synapses in AD. Here, we investigated the effect of C5aR1 inhibition on microglial and astroglial synaptic pruning in two mouse models of AD. METHODS A combination of super-resolution and confocal and tridimensional image reconstruction was used to assess the effect of genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of C5aR1 on the Arctic48 and Tg2576 models of AD. RESULTS Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of C5aR1 partially rescues excessive pre-synaptic pruning and synaptic loss in an age and region-dependent fashion in two mouse models of AD, which correlates with improved long-term potentiation (LTP). DISCUSSION Reduction of excessive synaptic pruning is an additional beneficial outcome of the suppression of C5a-C5aR1 signaling, further supporting its potential as an effective targeted therapy to treat AD. HIGHLIGHTS C5aR1 ablation restores long-term potentiation in the Arctic model of AD. C5aR1 ablation rescues region specific excessive pre-synaptic loss. C5aR1 antagonist, PMX205, rescues VGlut1 loss in the Tg2576 model of AD. C1q tagging is not sufficient to induce VGlut1 microglial ingestion. Astrocytes contribute to excessive pre-synaptic loss at late stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gomez‐Arboledas
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maria I. Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Enikö Kramar
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shu‐Hui Chu
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole D. Schartz
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Purnika Selvan
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marcelo A. Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrea J. Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSchool of MedicineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
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Ng AN, Salter EW, Georgiou J, Bortolotto ZA, Collingridge GL. Amyloid-β 1-42 oligomers enhance mGlu 5R-dependent synaptic weakening via NMDAR activation and complement C5aR1 signaling. iScience 2023; 26:108412. [PMID: 38053635 PMCID: PMC10694656 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic weakening and loss are well-correlated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oligomeric amyloid beta (oAβ) is considered a major synaptotoxic trigger for AD. Recent studies have implicated hyperactivation of the complement cascade as the driving force for loss of synapses caused by oAβ. However, the initial synaptic cues that trigger pathological complement activity remain elusive. Here, we examined a form of synaptic long-term depression (LTD) mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) that is disrupted in rodent models of AD. Exogenous application of oAβ (1-42) to mouse hippocampal slices enhanced the magnitude of mGlu subtype 5 receptor (mGlu5R)-dependent LTD. We found that the enhanced synaptic weakening occurred via both N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and complement C5aR1 signaling. Our findings reveal a mechanistic interaction between mGlu5R, NMDARs, and the complement system in aberrant synaptic weakening induced by oAβ, which could represent an early trigger of synaptic loss and degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Na Ng
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Eric W. Salter
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Zuner A. Bortolotto
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Graham L. Collingridge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
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Chen C, Khanthiyong B, Thaweetee-Sukjai B, Charoenlappanit S, Roytrakul S, Thanoi S, Reynolds GP, Nudmamud-Thanoi S. Proteomic association with age-dependent sex differences in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in healthy Thai subjects. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20238. [PMID: 37981639 PMCID: PMC10658079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in cognitive function exist, but they are not stable and undergo dynamic change during the lifespan. However, our understanding of how sex-related neural information transmission evolves with age is still in its infancy. This study utilized the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the label-free proteomics method with bioinformatic analysis to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related sex differences in cognitive performance in 199 healthy Thai subjects (aged 20-70 years), as well as explore the sex-dependent protein complexes for predicting cognitive aging. The results showed that males outperformed females in two of the five WCST sub-scores: %Corrects and %Errors. Sex differences in these scores were related to aging, becoming noticeable in those over 60. At the molecular level, differently expressed individual proteins and protein complexes between both sexes are associated with the potential N-methyl-D-aspartate type glutamate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitotoxicity, with the NMDAR complex being enriched exclusively in elderly female samples. These findings provided a preliminary indication that healthy Thai females might be more susceptible to such neurotoxicity, as evidenced by their cognitive performance. NMDAR protein complex enrichment in serum could be proposed as a potential indication for predicting cognitive aging in healthy Thai females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Medical Science Graduate Program, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Samur Thanoi
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
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Gomez-Arboledas A, Fonseca MI, Kramar E, Chu SH, Schartz N, Selvan P, Wood MA, Tenner AJ. C5aR1 signaling promotes region and age dependent synaptic pruning in models of Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.29.560234. [PMID: 37873302 PMCID: PMC10592845 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.29.560234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synaptic loss is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that correlates with cognitive decline in AD patients. Complement-mediated synaptic pruning has been associated with this excessive loss of synapses in AD. Here, we investigated the effect of C5aR1 inhibition on microglial and astroglial synaptic pruning in two mouse models of AD. METHODS A combination of super-resolution and confocal and tridimensional image reconstruction was used to assess the effect of genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of C5aR1 on the Arctic48 and Tg2576 models of AD. RESULTS Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of C5aR1 rescues the excessive pre-synaptic pruning and synaptic loss in an age and region dependent fashion in two mouse models of AD, which correlates with improved long-term potentiation (LTP). DISCUSSION Reduction of excessive synaptic pruning is an additional beneficial outcome of the suppression of C5a-C5aR1 signaling, further supporting its potential as an effective targeted therapy to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Maria I. Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Enikö Kramar
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Chu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nicole Schartz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Purnika Selvan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Marcelo A. Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrea J. Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Gu X, Chen A, You M, Guo H, Tan S, He Q, Hu B. Extracellular vesicles: a new communication paradigm of complement in neurological diseases. Brain Res Bull 2023; 199:110667. [PMID: 37192717 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is crucial to the innate immune system. It has the function of destroying pathogens by activating the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways. The complement system is important in nervous system diseases such as cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Activation of the complement system involves a series of intercellular signaling and cascade reactions. However, research on the source and transport mechanisms of the complement system in neurological diseases is still in its infancy. Studies have increasingly found that extracellular vesicles (EVs), a classic intercellular communication paradigm, may play a role in complement signaling disorders. Here, we systematically review the EV-mediated activation of complement pathways in different neurological diseases. We also discuss the prospect of EVs as future immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Gu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022
| | - Anqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022
| | - Mingfeng You
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022
| | - Hongxiu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022
| | - Senwei Tan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022
| | - Quanwei He
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022.
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Burgelman M, Dujardin P, Vandendriessche C, Vandenbroucke RE. Free complement and complement containing extracellular vesicles as potential biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1055050. [PMID: 36741417 PMCID: PMC9896008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is implicated in a broad range of neuroinflammatory disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, measuring complement levels in biofluids could serve as a potential biomarker for these diseases. Indeed, complement levels are shown to be altered in patients compared to controls, and some studies reported a correlation between the level of free complement in biofluids and disease progression, severity or the response to therapeutics. Overall, they are not (yet) suitable as a diagnostic tool due to heterogeneity of reported results. Moreover, measurement of free complement proteins has the disadvantage that information on their origin is lost, which might be of value in a multi-parameter approach for disease prediction and stratification. In light of this, extracellular vesicles (EVs) could provide a platform to improve the diagnostic power of complement proteins. EVs are nanosized double membrane particles that are secreted by essentially every cell type and resemble the (status of the) cell of origin. Interestingly, EVs can contain complement proteins, while the cellular origin can still be determined by the presence of EV surface markers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and future opportunities on the use of free and EV-associated complement proteins as biomarkers for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Burgelman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Dujardin
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,*Correspondence: Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke,
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Nauser CL, Sacks SH. Local complement synthesis-A process with near and far consequences for ischemia reperfusion injury and transplantation. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:320-326. [PMID: 36200881 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The model of the solid organ as a target for circulating complement deposited at the site of injury, for many years concealed the broader influence of complement in organ transplantation. The study of locally synthesized complement especially in transplantation cast new light on complement's wider participation in ischaemia-reperfusion injury, the presentation of donor antigen and finally rejection. The lack of clarity, however, has persisted as to which complement activation pathways are involved and how they are triggered, and above all whether the distinction is relevant. In transplantation, the need for clarity is heightened by the quest for precision therapies in patients who are already receiving potent immunosuppressives, and because of the opportunity for well-timed intervention. This review will present new evidence for the emerging role of the lectin pathway, weighed alongside the longer established role of the alternative pathway as an amplifier of the complement system, and against contributions from the classical pathway. It is hoped this understanding will contribute to the debate on precisely targeted versus broadly acting therapeutic innovation within the aim to achieve safe long term graft acceptance.
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Ayoub I, Dauvilliers Y, Barateau L, Vermeulen T, Mouton-Barbosa E, Marcellin M, Gonzalez-de-Peredo A, Gross CC, Saoudi A, Liblau R. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics in recent-onset Narcolepsy type 1 reveals activation of the complement system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1108682. [PMID: 37122721 PMCID: PMC10130643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a rare, chronic and disabling neurological disease causing excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. NT1 is characterized pathologically by an almost complete loss of neurons producing the orexin neuropeptides in the lateral hypothalamus. Genetic and environmental factors strongly suggest the involvement of the immune system in the loss of orexin neurons. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), secreted locally and surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), represents an accessible window into CNS pathological processes. Methods To gain insight into the biological and molecular changes in NT1 patients, we performed a comparative proteomics analysis of the CSF from 21 recent-onset NT1 patients and from two control groups: group 1 with somatoform disorders, and group 2 patients with hypersomnia other than NT1, to control for any potential effect of sleep disturbances on CSF composition. To achieve an optimal proteomic coverage analysis, the twelve most abundant CSF proteins were depleted, and samples were analyzed by nano-flow liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) using the latest generation of hybrid Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Results and discussion Our study allowed the identification and quantification of up to 1943 proteins, providing a remarkably deep analysis of the CSF proteome. Interestingly, gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the complement and coagulation systems were enriched and significantly activated in NT1 patients in both cohorts analyzed. Notably, the lectin and alternative complement pathway as well as the downstream lytic membrane attack complex were congruently increased in NT1. Our data suggest that the complement dysregulation in NT1 patients can contribute to immunopathology either by directly promoting tissue damage or as part of local inflammatory responses. We therefore reveal an altered composition of the CSF proteome in NT1 patients, which points to an ongoing inflammatory process contributed, at least in part, by the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ayoub
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et De la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier, and Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Barateau
- National Reference Center for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier, and Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thaïs Vermeulen
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et De la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Mouton-Barbosa
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Marcellin
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Gonzalez-de-Peredo
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Catharina C. Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University and University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et De la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Roland Liblau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et De la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Department of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Roland Liblau,
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Microglia and microglial-based receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Gomez-Arboledas A, Carvalho K, Balderrama-Gutierrez G, Chu SH, Liang HY, Schartz ND, Selvan P, Petrisko TJ, Pan MA, Mortazavi A, Tenner AJ. C5aR1 antagonism alters microglial polarization and mitigates disease progression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:116. [PMID: 35978440 PMCID: PMC9386996 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have recognized the involvement of the complement cascade during Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. However, the specific role of C5a-C5aR1 signaling in the progression of this neurodegenerative disease is still not clear. Furthermore, its potential as a therapeutic target to treat AD still remains to be elucidated. Canonically, generation of the anaphylatoxin C5a as the result of complement activation and interaction with its receptor C5aR1 triggers a potent inflammatory response. Previously, genetic ablation of C5aR1 in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease exerted a protective effect by preventing cognitive deficits. Here, using PMX205, a potent, specific C5aR1 antagonist, in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease we show a striking reduction in dystrophic neurites in parallel with the reduced amyloid load, rescue of the excessive pre-synaptic loss associated with AD cognitive impairment and the polarization of microglial gene expression towards a DAM-like phenotype that are consistent with the neuroprotective effects seen. These data support the beneficial effect of a pharmacological inhibition of C5aR1 as a promising therapeutic approach to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Supportive of the safety of this treatment is the recent FDA-approval of another other C5a receptor 1 antagonist, Avacopan, as a treatment for autoimmune inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Klebea Carvalho
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Shu-Hui Chu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Heidi Yahan Liang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicole D Schartz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Purnika Selvan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany J Petrisko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Miranda A Pan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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13
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Xu W, Kumar V, Cui CS, Li XX, Whittaker AK, Xu ZP, Smith MT, Woodruff TM, Han FY. Success in navigating hurdles to oral delivery of a bioactive peptide complement antagonist through use of nanoparticles to increase bioavailability and in vivo efficacy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Queensland QLD Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Queensland QLD Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Queensland QLD Australia
| | - Cedric S. Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Queensland QLD Australia
| | - Xaria X. Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Queensland QLD Australia
| | - Andrew K. Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Queensland QLD Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Queensland QLD Australia
| | - Maree T. Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Queensland QLD Australia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Queensland QLD Australia
| | - Felicity Y Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Queensland QLD Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Queensland QLD Australia
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14
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Sim TM, Mak A, Tay SH. Insights into the role of neutrophils in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: Current understanding and future directions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:957303. [PMID: 36016935 PMCID: PMC9396336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.957303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) involvement of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), termed neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), is a major and debilitating manifestation of the disease. While patients with SLE mostly complain of common neuropsychological symptoms such headache and mild mood disorders that may not even be technically attributed to SLE, many SLE patients present with life-threatening NPSLE syndromes such as cerebrovascular disease, seizures and psychosis that are equally challenging in terms of early diagnosis and therapy. While we are just beginning to unravel some mysteries behind the immunologic basis of NPSLE, advancements in the mechanistic understanding of the complex pathogenic processes of NPSLE have been emerging through recent murine and human studies. The pathogenic pathways implicated in NPSLE are multifarious and various immune effectors such as cell-mediated inflammation, autoantibodies and cytokines including type I interferons have been found to act in concert with the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and other neurovascular interfaces. Beyond antimicrobial functions, neutrophils are emerging as decision-shapers during innate and adaptive immune responses. Activated neutrophils have been recognized to be involved in ischemic and infective processes in the CNS by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), matrix metalloproteinase-9 and proinflammatory cytokines. In the context of NPSLE, these mechanisms contribute to BBB disruption, neuroinflammation and externalization of modified proteins on NETs that serve as autoantigens. Neutrophils that sediment within the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction after density centrifugation of blood are generally defined as low-density neutrophils (LDNs) or low-density granulocytes. LDNs are a proinflammatory subset of neutrophils that are increased with SLE disease activity and are primed to undergo NETosis and release cytokines such as interferon-α and tumor necrosis factor. This review discusses the immunopathogenesis of NPSLE with a focus on neutrophils as a core mediator of the disease and potential target for translational research in NPSLE.
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15
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Leonel TB, Gabrili JJM, Squaiella-Baptistão CC, Woodruff TM, Lambris JD, Tambourgi DV. Bothrops jararaca Snake Venom Inflammation Induced in Human Whole Blood: Role of the Complement System. Front Immunol 2022; 13:885223. [PMID: 35720304 PMCID: PMC9201114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.885223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of envenomation by Bothrops species are complex and characterized by prominent local effects that can progress to tissue loss, physical disability, or amputation. Systemic signs can also occur, such as hemorrhage, coagulopathy, shock, and acute kidney failure. The rapid development of local clinical manifestations is accompanied by the presence of mediators of the inflammatory process originating from tissues damaged by the bothropic venom. Considering the important role that the complement system plays in the inflammatory response, in this study, we analyzed the action of Bothrops jararaca snake venom on the complement system and cell surface receptors involved in innate immunity using an ex vivo human whole blood model. B. jararaca venom was able to induce activation of the complement system in the human whole blood model and promoted a significant increase in the production of anaphylatoxins C3a/C3a-desArg, C4a/C4a-desArg, C5a/C5a-desArg and sTCC. In leukocytes, the venom of B. jararaca reduced the expression of CD11b, CD14 and C5aR1. Inhibition of the C3 component by Cp40, an inhibitor of C3, resulted in a reduction of C3a/C3a-desArg, C5a/C5a-desArg and sTCC to basal levels in samples stimulated with the venom. Exposure to B. jararaca venom induced the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-α, IL-8/CXCL8, MCP-1/CCL2 and MIG/CXCL9 in the human whole blood model. Treatment with Cp40 promoted a significant reduction in the production of TNF-α, IL-8/CXCL8 and MCP-1/CCL2. C5aR1 inhibition with PMX205 also promoted a reduction of TNF-α and IL-8/CXCL8 to basal levels in the samples stimulated with venom. In conclusion, the data presented here suggest that the activation of the complement system promoted by the venom of the snake B. jararaca in the human whole blood model significantly contributes to the inflammatory process. The control of several inflammatory parameters using Cp40, an inhibitor of the C3 component, and PMX205, a C5aR1 antagonist, indicates that complement inhibition may represent a potential therapeutic tool in B. jararaca envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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16
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Gytz Olesen H, Michailidou I, Zelek WM, Vreijling J, Ruizendaal P, de Klein F, Marquart JA, Kuipers TB, Mei H, Zhang Y, Ahasan M, Johnson KK, Wang Y, Morgan BP, van Dijk M, Fluiter K, Andersen GR, Baas F. Development, Characterization, and in vivo Validation of a Humanized C6 Monoclonal Antibody that Inhibits the Membrane Attack Complex. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:16-36. [PMID: 35551129 PMCID: PMC10643903 DOI: 10.1159/000524587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage and disease of nerves activates the complement system. We demonstrated that activation of the terminal pathway of the complement system leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) and delays regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. Animals deficient in the complement component C6 showed improved recovery after neuronal trauma. Thus, inhibitors of the MAC might be of therapeutic use in neurological disease. Here, we describe the development, structure, mode of action, and properties of a novel therapeutic monoclonal antibody, CP010, against C6 that prevents formation of the MAC in vivo. The monoclonal antibody is humanized and specific for C6 and binds to an epitope in the FIM1-2 domain of human and primate C6 with sub-nanomolar affinity. Using biophysical and structural studies, we show that the anti-C6 antibody prevents the interaction between C6 and C5/C5b by blocking the C6 FIM1-2:C5 C345c axis. Systemic administration of the anti-C6 mAb caused complete depletion of free C6 in circulation in transgenic rats expressing human C6 and thereby inhibited MAC formation. The antibody prevented disease in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis and ameliorated relapse in chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in human C6 transgenic rats. CP010 is a promising complement C6 inhibitor that prevents MAC formation. Systemic administration of this C6 monoclonal antibody has therapeutic potential in the treatment of neuronal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Gytz Olesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics - Protein Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Wioleta M Zelek
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Dementia Research Institute, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Ferry de Klein
- Core Facility Genomics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas B Kuipers
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yuchun Zhang
- Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Muhammad Ahasan
- Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Dementia Research Institute, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Kees Fluiter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands,
| | - Gregers Rom Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics - Protein Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Complement Pharma BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Westacott LJ, Wilkinson LS. Complement Dependent Synaptic Reorganisation During Critical Periods of Brain Development and Risk for Psychiatric Disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:840266. [PMID: 35600620 PMCID: PMC9120629 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.840266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We now know that the immune system plays a major role in the complex processes underlying brain development throughout the lifespan, carrying out a number of important homeostatic functions under physiological conditions in the absence of pathological inflammation or infection. In particular, complement-mediated synaptic pruning during critical periods of early life may play a key role in shaping brain development and subsequent risk for psychopathology, including neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. However, these disorders vary greatly in their onset, disease course, and prevalence amongst sexes suggesting complex interactions between the immune system, sex and the unique developmental trajectories of circuitries underlying different brain functions which are yet to be fully understood. Perturbations of homeostatic neuroimmune interactions during different critical periods in which regional circuits mature may have a plethora of long-term consequences for psychiatric phenotypes, but at present there is a gap in our understanding of how these mechanisms may impact on the structural and functional changes occurring in the brain at different developmental stages. In this article we will consider the latest developments in the field of complement mediated synaptic pruning where our understanding is beginning to move beyond the visual system where this process was first described, to brain areas and developmental periods of potential relevance to psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Westacott
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Hodge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence S. Wilkinson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetic and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Hodge Centre for Neuropsychiatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Behavioural Genetics Group, Schools of Psychology and Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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18
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Vitkauskaitė M, Vinikovas A, Miglinas M, Rimševičius L, Čerkauskaitė A, Mačionienė E, Ašakienė E. Complement inhibitor eculizumab in thrombotic microangiopathy: Single-center case series. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05573. [PMID: 35317070 PMCID: PMC8922540 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Our case series showed that eculizumab is efficacious and safe in treating thrombotic microangiopathy, as well as it has positive effects on quality of life. Further extensive studies are required to develop unified treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artūras Vinikovas
- Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephro-Urology and Surgery Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Marius Miglinas
- Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephro-Urology and Surgery Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Laurynas Rimševičius
- Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephro-Urology and Surgery Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Agnė Čerkauskaitė
- Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephro-Urology and Surgery Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Ernesta Mačionienė
- Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephro-Urology and Surgery Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Eglė Ašakienė
- Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephro-Urology and Surgery Faculty of Medicine Institute of Clinical Medicine Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
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19
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Reinehr S, Doerner JD, Mueller-Buehl AM, Koch D, Fuchshofer R, Dick HB, Joachim SC. Cytokine and Complement Response in the Glaucomatous βB1-CTGF Mouse Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:718087. [PMID: 34867198 PMCID: PMC8637215 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.718087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a complex neurodegenerative disease leading to a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve axons. An activation of the complement system seems to contribute to cell loss in this disease. Hence, we investigated a possible initiation of the complement system and the cytokine response in the βB1-CTGF glaucoma model. In these mice, intraocular pressure is elevated, which is the main glaucoma risk factor in patients, and RGC loss occurs at 15 weeks of age. Therefore, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistological experiments were performed in 5-, 10-, and 15-week-old βB1-CTGF animals and their corresponding wildtypes (WT) to analyze the expression of several complement system factors. We could show that mRNA levels of the terminal complement pathway components C3 and C5 (Hc) were upregulated at 10 weeks. In accordance, more C3+ and membrane attack complex+ cells were observed in transgenic retinae. Further, the C5a receptor anaphylatoxin receptor (C5ar) and the complement component C5a receptor 1 (C5ar1; CD88) mRNA levels were upregulated in 10- and 15-week-old βB1-CTGF mice. Interestingly, all three activation routes of the complement system were elevated in βB1-CTGF mice at some age. Especially C1q, as a marker of the classical pathway, was significantly increased at all investigated ages. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of interferon-γ (Infg) were upregulated at 5 weeks, while Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 mRNA levels were upregulated at 10 and 15 weeks. The mRNA levels of the chemokines Cxcl10 were increased at all ages in βB1-CTGF mice. These results lead to the assumption that in these transgenic mice, a complement activation mainly through the classical pathway as well as a cytokine response plays a major role in cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Reinehr
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johanna D. Doerner
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ana M. Mueller-Buehl
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dennis Koch
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rudolf Fuchshofer
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H. Burkhard Dick
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie C. Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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20
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Jiang Y, Chen Y, Sun H, Zhang X, He L, Li J, Zhao G, Sun S. MERS-CoV infection causes brain damage in human DPP4-transgenic mice through complement-mediated inflammation. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 34704923 PMCID: PMC8604193 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a severe respiratory virus. Recent reports indicate additional central nervous system (CNS) involvement. In this study, human DPP4 transgenic mice were infected with MERS-CoV, and viral antigens were first detected in the midbrain-hindbrain 4 days post-infection, suggesting the virus may enter the brainstem via peripheral nerves. Neurons and astrocytes throughout the brain were infected, followed by damage of the blood brain barrier (BBB), as well as microglial activation and inflammatory cell infiltration, which may be caused by complement activation based on the observation of deposition of complement activation product C3 and high expression of C3a receptor (C3aR) and C5a receptor (C5aR1) in neurons and glial cells. It may be concluded that these effects were mediated by complement activation in the brain, because of their reduction resulted from the treatment with mouse C5aR1-specific mAb. Such mAb significantly reduced nucleoprotein expression, suppressed microglial activation and decreased activation of caspase-3 in neurons and p38 phosphorylation in the brain. Collectively, these results suggest that MERS-CoV infection of CNS triggers complement activation, leading to inflammation-mediated damage of brain tissue, and regulating of complement activation could be a promising intervention and adjunctive treatment for CNS injury by MERS-CoV and other coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Jiangfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Shihui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
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21
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Peterson SL, Li Y, Sun CJ, Wong KA, Leung KS, de Lima S, Hanovice NJ, Yuki K, Stevens B, Benowitz LI. Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Regeneration Requires Complement and Myeloid Cell Activity within the Optic Nerve. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8508-8531. [PMID: 34417332 PMCID: PMC8513703 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0555-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon regenerative failure in the mature CNS contributes to functional deficits following many traumatic injuries, ischemic injuries, and neurodegenerative diseases. The complement cascade of the innate immune system responds to pathogen threat through inflammatory cell activation, pathogen opsonization, and pathogen lysis, and complement is also involved in CNS development, neuroplasticity, injury, and disease. Here, we investigated the involvement of the classical complement cascade and microglia/monocytes in CNS repair using the mouse optic nerve injury (ONI) model, in which axons arising from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are disrupted. We report that central complement C3 protein and mRNA, classical complement C1q protein and mRNA, and microglia/monocyte phagocytic complement receptor CR3 all increase in response to ONI, especially within the optic nerve itself. Importantly, genetic deletion of C1q, C3, or CR3 attenuates RGC axon regeneration induced by several distinct methods, with minimal effects on RGC survival. Local injections of C1q function-blocking antibody revealed that complement acts primarily within the optic nerve, not retina, to support regeneration. Moreover, C1q opsonizes and CR3+ microglia/monocytes phagocytose growth-inhibitory myelin debris after ONI, a likely mechanism through which complement and myeloid cells support axon regeneration. Collectively, these results indicate that local optic nerve complement-myeloid phagocytic signaling is required for CNS axon regrowth, emphasizing the axonal compartment and highlighting a beneficial neuroimmune role for complement and microglia/monocytes in CNS repair.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite the importance of achieving axon regeneration after CNS injury and the inevitability of inflammation after such injury, the contributions of complement and microglia to CNS axon regeneration are largely unknown. Whereas inflammation is commonly thought to exacerbate the effects of CNS injury, we find that complement proteins C1q and C3 and microglia/monocyte phagocytic complement receptor CR3 are each required for retinal ganglion cell axon regeneration through the injured mouse optic nerve. Also, whereas studies of optic nerve regeneration generally focus on the retina, we show that the regeneration-relevant role of complement and microglia/monocytes likely involves myelin phagocytosis within the optic nerve. Thus, our results point to the importance of the innate immune response for CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri L Peterson
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery
- Department of Neurosurgery
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, and
- Department of Neurosurgery and
| | - Yiqing Li
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery
- Department of Neurosurgery
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, and
- Department of Neurosurgery and
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China, 510060
| | - Christina J Sun
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery
- Department of Neurosurgery
| | - Kimberly A Wong
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery
- Department of Neurosurgery
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, and
- Department of Neurosurgery and
| | - Kylie S Leung
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery
- Department of Neurosurgery
| | - Silmara de Lima
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery
- Department of Neurosurgery
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, and
- Department of Neurosurgery and
| | - Nicholas J Hanovice
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery
- Department of Neurosurgery
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, and
- Department of Neurosurgery and
| | - Kenya Yuki
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery
- Department of Neurosurgery
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, and
- Department of Neurosurgery and
| | - Beth Stevens
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Larry I Benowitz
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery
- Department of Neurosurgery
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, and
- Department of Neurosurgery and
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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22
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Shinjyo N, Kagaya W, Pekna M. Interaction Between the Complement System and Infectious Agents - A Potential Mechanistic Link to Neurodegeneration and Dementia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:710390. [PMID: 34408631 PMCID: PMC8365172 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.710390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the innate immune system, complement plays a critical role in the elimination of pathogens and mobilization of cellular immune responses. In the central nervous system (CNS), many complement proteins are locally produced and regulate nervous system development and physiological processes such as neural plasticity. However, aberrant complement activation has been implicated in neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease. There is a growing list of pathogens that have been shown to interact with the complement system in the brain but the short- and long-term consequences of infection-induced complement activation for neuronal functioning are largely elusive. Available evidence suggests that the infection-induced complement activation could be protective or harmful, depending on the context. Here we summarize how various infectious agents, including bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus spp.), viruses (e.g., HIV and measles virus), fungi (e.g., Candida spp.), parasites (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp.), and prion proteins activate and manipulate the complement system in the CNS. We also discuss the potential mechanisms by which the interaction between the infectious agents and the complement system can play a role in neurodegeneration and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Wataru Kagaya
- Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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23
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Ma SX, Seo BA, Kim D, Xiong Y, Kwon SH, Brahmachari S, Kim S, Kam TI, Nirujogi RS, Kwon SH, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Pandey A, Na CH, Ko HS. Complement and Coagulation Cascades are Potentially Involved in Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in α-Synuclein-Based Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3428-3443. [PMID: 34061533 PMCID: PMC8628316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder that results in motor dysfunction and, eventually, cognitive impairment. α-Synuclein protein is known as a central protein to the pathophysiology of PD, but the underlying pathological mechanism still remains to be elucidated. In an effort to understand how α-synuclein underlies the pathology of PD, various PD mouse models with α-synuclein overexpression have been developed. However, systemic analysis of the brain proteome of those mouse models is lacking. In this study, we established two mouse models of PD by injecting α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFF) or by inducing overexpression of human A53T α-synuclein to investigate common pathways in the two different types of the PD mouse models. For more accurate quantification of mouse brain proteome, the proteins were quantified using the method of stable isotope labeling with amino acids in mammals . We identified a total of 8355 proteins from the two mouse models; ∼6800 and ∼7200 proteins from α-synuclein PFF-injected mice and human A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice, respectively. Through pathway analysis of the differentially expressed proteins common to both PD mouse models, it was discovered that the complement and coagulation cascade pathways were enriched in the PD mice compared to control animals. Notably, a validation study demonstrated that complement component 3 (C3)-positive astrocytes were increased in the ventral midbrain of the intrastriatal α-synuclein PFF-injected mice and C3 secreted from astrocytes could induce the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. This is the first study that highlights the significance of the complement and coagulation pathways in the pathogenesis of PD through proteome analyses with two sophisticated mouse models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xun Ma
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
| | - Bo Am Seo
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, South Korea
| | - Yulan Xiong
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
| | - Seung-Hwan Kwon
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
| | - Saurav Brahmachari
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
| | - Sangjune Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
| | - Tae-In Kam
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
| | - Raja Sekhar Nirujogi
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
| | - Sang Ho Kwon
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans 70130, Louisiana, United States
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans 70130, Louisiana, United States
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans 70130, Louisiana, United States
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
| | - Han Seok Ko
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21205-2105, Maryland, United States
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans 70130, Louisiana, United States
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans 70130, Louisiana, United States
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24
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Mortada I, Farah R, Nabha S, Ojcius DM, Fares Y, Almawi WY, Sadier NS. Immunotherapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2021; 12:654739. [PMID: 34163421 PMCID: PMC8215715 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.654739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current treatments for neurodegenerative diseases are mostly symptomatic without affecting the underlying cause of disease. Emerging evidence supports a potential role for immunotherapy in the management of disease progression. Numerous reports raise the exciting prospect that either the immune system or its derivative components could be harnessed to fight the misfolded and aggregated proteins that accumulate in several neurodegenerative diseases. Passive and active vaccinations using monoclonal antibodies and specific antigens that induce adaptive immune responses are currently under evaluation for their potential use in the development of immunotherapies. In this review, we aim to shed light on prominent immunotherapeutic strategies being developed to fight neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration, with a focus on innovative immunotherapies such as vaccination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Mortada
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raymond Farah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Nabha
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Youssef Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Najwane Said Sadier
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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25
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Qiao O, Ji H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liu N, Huang L, Liu C, Gao W. New insights in drug development for Alzheimer's disease based on microglia function. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111703. [PMID: 34083109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in drug development for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is how to effectively remove deposits of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Recently, the relationship between microglia and Aβ has become a research hotspot. Emerging evidence suggests that Aβ-induced microglia-mediated neuroinflammation further aggravates the decline of cognitive function, while microglia are also involved in the process of Aβ clearance. Hence, microglia have become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment or prevention of AD. An in-depth understanding of the role played by microglia in the development of AD will help us to broaden therapeutic strategies for AD. In this review, we provide an overview of the dual roles of microglia in AD progression: the positive effect of phagocytosis of Aβ and its negative effect on neuroinflammation after over-activation. With the advantages of novel structure, high efficiency, and low toxicity, small-molecule compounds as modulators of microglial function have attracted considerable attention in the therapeutic areas of AD. In this review, we also summarize the therapeutic potential of small molecule compounds (SMCs) and their structure-activity relationship for AD treatment through modulating microglial phagocytosis and inhibiting neuroinflammation. For example, the position and number of phenolic hydroxyl groups on the B ring are the key to the activity of flavonoids, and the substitution of hydroxyl groups on the benzene ring enhances the anti-inflammatory activity of phenolic acids. This review is expected to be useful for developing effective modulators of microglial function from SMCs for the amelioration and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haixia Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Na Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratories of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
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26
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Ziabska K, Ziemka-Nalecz M, Pawelec P, Sypecka J, Zalewska T. Aberrant Complement System Activation in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4675. [PMID: 33925147 PMCID: PMC8125564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an assembly of proteins that collectively participate in the functions of the healthy and diseased brain. The complement system plays an important role in the maintenance of uninjured (healthy) brain homeostasis, contributing to the clearance of invading pathogens and apoptotic cells, and limiting the inflammatory immune response. However, overactivation or underregulation of the entire complement cascade within the brain may lead to neuronal damage and disturbances in brain function. During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the role that this cascading pathway plays in the neuropathology of a diverse array of brain disorders (e.g., acute neurotraumatic insult, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disturbances) in which interruption of neuronal homeostasis triggers complement activation. Dysfunction of the complement promotes a disease-specific response that may have either beneficial or detrimental effects. Despite recent advances, the explicit link between complement component regulation and brain disorders remains unclear. Therefore, a comprehensible understanding of such relationships at different stages of diseases could provide new insight into potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate or slow progression of currently intractable disorders in the nervous system. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a summary of the literature on the emerging role of the complement system in certain brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Zalewska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, NeuroRepair Department, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.Z.); (M.Z.-N.); (P.P.); (J.S.)
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27
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Asavapanumas N, Tradtrantip L, Verkman AS. Targeting the complement system in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1073-1086. [PMID: 33513036 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1884223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is characterized by central nervous system inflammation and demyelination. In AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD, circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies against astrocyte water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) cause tissue injury. Compelling evidence supports a pathogenic role for complement activation following AQP4-IgG binding to AQP4. Clinical studies supported the approval of eculizumab, an inhibitor of C5 cleavage, in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD. AREAS COVERED This review covers in vitro, animal models, and human evidence for complement-dependent and complement-independent tissue injury in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD. Complement targets are discussed, including complement proteins, regulators and anaphylatoxin receptors, and corresponding drug candidates. EXPERT OPINION Though preclinical data support a central pathogenic role of complement activation in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD, they do not resolve the relative contributions of complement-dependent vs. complement-independent disease mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, T cell effector mechanisms, and direct AQP4-IgG-induced cellular injury. The best evidence that complement-dependent mechanisms predominate in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD comes from eculizumab clinical data. Various drug candidates targeting distinct complement effector mechanisms may offer improved safety and efficacy. However, notwithstanding the demonstrated efficacy of complement inhibition in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD, the ultimate niche for complement inhibition is not clear given multiple drug options with alternative mechanisms of action.Abbreviations: AAV2, Adeno-associated virus 2; ADCC, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; ANCA, antineutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody; AQP4, aquaporin-4; AQP4-IgG, AQP4-immunoglobulin G; C1-INH, C1-esterase inhibitor; C3aR, C3a receptor; C4BP, C4 binding protein; C5aR, C5a receptor; CDC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity; CFHR1, complement factor H related 1; CNS, central nervous system; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; EndoS, endoglycosidase S; FHL-1, factor-H-like protein 1; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; Iba-1, ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IVIG, intravenous human immunoglobulin G; MAC, membrane attack complex; MBL, maltose-binding lectin; MBP, myelin basic protein; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; NK cell, natural killer cell; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; OAP, orthogonal arrays of particles; PNH, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithi Asavapanumas
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lukmanee Tradtrantip
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan S Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Cao QQ, Li S, Lu Y, Wu D, Feng W, Shi Y, Zhang LP. Transcriptome analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying facial nerve injury repair in rats. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2316-2323. [PMID: 33818518 PMCID: PMC8354104 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the transcriptional alterations inside the facial nucleus after facial nerve injury have been well studied, the gene expression changes in the facial nerve trunk after injury are still unknown. In this study, we established an adult rat model of facial nerve crush injury by compressing the right lateral extracranial nerve trunk. Transcriptome sequencing, differential gene expression analysis, and cluster analysis of the injured facial nerve trunk were performed, and 39 intersecting genes with significant variance in expression were identified. Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of the 39 intersecting genes revealed that these genes are mostly involved in leukocyte cell-cell adhesion and phagocytosis and have essential roles in regulating nerve repair. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to validate the expression of pivotal genes. Finally, nine pivotal genes that contribute to facial nerve recovery were identified, including Arhgap30, Akr1b8, C5ar1, Csf2ra, Dock2, Hcls1, Inpp5d, Sla, and Spi1. Primary Schwann cells were isolated from the sciatic nerve of neonatal rats. After knocking down Akr1b8 in Schwann cells with an Akr1b8-specific small interfering RNA plasmid, expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 were decreased, while cell proliferation and migration were not obviously altered. These findings suggest that Akr1b8 likely regulates the interaction between Schwann cells and macrophages through regulation of cytokine expression to promote facial nerve regeneration. This study is the first to reveal a transcriptome change in the facial nerve trunk after facial nerve injury, thereby revealing the potential mechanism underlying repair of facial nerve injury. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Nantong University, China in 2018 (approval No. S20180923-007).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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29
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Bennett C, Álvarez-Ciara A, Franklin M, Dietrich WD, Prasad A. The complement cascade at the Utah microelectrode-tissue interface. Biomaterials 2021; 268:120583. [PMID: 33310540 PMCID: PMC7856077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Devices implanted within the central nervous system (CNS) are subjected to tissue reactivity due to the lack of biocompatibility between implanted material and the cells' microenvironment. Studies have attributed blood-brain barrier disruption, inflammation, and oxidative stress as main contributing factors that lead to electrode recording failure. The complement cascade is a part of the innate immunity that focuses on recognizing and targeting foreign objects; however, its role in the context of neural implants is substantially unknown. In this study, we implanted a non-functional 4x4 Utah microelectrode array (UEA) into the somatosensory cortex and studied the complement cascade via combined gene and immunohistochemistry quantification at acute (48-h), sub-acute (1-week), and early chronic (4-weeks) time points. The results of this study demonstrate the activation and continuation of the complement cascade at the electrode-tissue interface, illustrating the therapeutic potential of modulating the foreign body response via the complement cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Melissa Franklin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Abhishek Prasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, FL, USA; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, FL, USA.
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30
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Seo JY, Shin JG, Youn BJ, Namgoong S, Cheong HS, Kim LH, Kim JO, Shin HD, Kim YJ. A non-synonymous variant rs12614 of complement factor B associated with risk of chronic hepatitis B in a Korean population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:241. [PMID: 33334325 PMCID: PMC7745368 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B is known to cause several forms of liver diseases including chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and hepatocellular carcinoma. Previous genome-wide association study of CHB risk has demonstrated that rs12614 of complement factor B (CFB) was significantly associated with CHB risk. In this study, fine-mapping study of previously reported GWAS single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; CFB rs12614) was performed to validate genetic effect of rs12614 on CHB susceptibility and identify possible additional causal variants around rs12614 in a Korean population. This association study was conducted in order to identify genetic effects of CFB single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to identify additional independent CHB susceptible causal markers within a Korean population. Methods A total of 10 CFB genetic polymorphisms were selected and genotyped in 1716 study subjects comprised of 955 CHB patients and 761 population controls. Results A non-synonymous variant, rs12614 (Arg32Trp) in exon2 of CFB, had significant associations with risk of CHB (odds ratio = 0.43, P = 5.91 × 10− 10). Additional linkage disequilibrium and conditional analysis confirmed that rs12614 had independent genetic effect on CHB susceptibility with previously identified CHB markers. The genetic risk scores (GRSs) were calculated and the CHB patients had higher GRSs than the population controls. Moreover, OR was found to increase significantly with cumulative GRS. Conclusions rs12614 showed significant genetic effect on CHB risk within the Korean population. As such rs12614 may be used as a possible causal genetic variant for CHB susceptibility. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12881-020-01177-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Seo
- Current address: Department of Core Technology, R&D Center, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, 07795, South Korea.,Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Gon Shin
- Current address: Department of Core Technology, R&D Center, LG Household & Healthcare (LG H&H), Seoul, 07795, South Korea.,Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Ju Youn
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhg Namgoong
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea.,Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Cheong
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Lyoung Hyo Kim
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji On Kim
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Basic Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Insights into Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention in Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228573. [PMID: 33202963 PMCID: PMC7697405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease that affects approximately 65 million people worldwide. However, despite the continuous development of antiepileptic drugs, over 30% patients with epilepsy progress to drug-resistant epilepsy. For this reason, it is a high priority objective in preclinical research to find novel therapeutic targets and to develop effective drugs that prevent or reverse the molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy progression. Among these potential therapeutic targets, we highlight currently available information involving signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and zinc signaling), enzymes (carbonic anhydrase), proteins (erythropoietin, copine 6 and complement system), channels (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 (TRPV1) channel) and receptors (galanin and melatonin receptors). All of them have demonstrated a certain degree of efficacy not only in controlling seizures but also in displaying neuroprotective activity and in modifying the progression of epilepsy. Although some research with these specific targets has been done in relation with epilepsy, they have not been fully explored as potential therapeutic targets that could help address the unsolved issue of drug-resistant epilepsy and develop new antiseizure therapies for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Girardi G, Lingo JJ, Fleming SD, Regal JF. Essential Role of Complement in Pregnancy: From Implantation to Parturition and Beyond. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1681. [PMID: 32849586 PMCID: PMC7411130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement cascade was identified over 100 years ago, yet investigation of its role in pregnancy remains an area of intense research. Complement inhibitors at the maternal-fetal interface prevent inappropriate complement activation to protect the fetus. However, this versatile proteolytic cascade also favorably influences numerous stages of pregnancy, including implantation, fetal development, and labor. Inappropriate complement activation in pregnancy can have adverse lifelong sequelae for both mother and child. This review summarizes the current understanding of complement activation during all stages of pregnancy. In addition, consequences of complement dysregulation during adverse pregnancy outcomes from miscarriage, preeclampsia, and pre-term birth are examined. Finally, future research directions into complement activation during pregnancy are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Girardi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joshua J Lingo
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Sherry D Fleming
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jean F Regal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, United States
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Abstract
Purpose of Review A better understanding of the key molecules/pathways underlying the pathophysiology of depression and schizophrenia may contribute to novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we have discussed the recent developments on the role of inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of depression and schizophrenia. Recent Findings Inflammation is an innate immune response that can be triggered by various factors, including pathogens, stress and injury. Under normal conditions, the inflammatory responses quiet after pathogen clearance and tissue repair. However, abnormal long-term or chronic inflammation can lead to damaging effects. Accumulating evidence suggest that dysregulated inflammation is linked to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we have discussed the roles of complement system, infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS), the gut-brain axis, and the kynurenine pathway in depression and schizophrenia. Summary There is a large body of compelling evidence on the role of inflammatory pathways in depression and schizophrenia. Although most of these findings show their roles in the pathophysiology of the above disorders, additional studies are warranted to investigate the therapeutic potential of various immune signaling targets discussed in this article.
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Astrocyte- and Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Alzheimer's Disease Patients Effect Complement-Mediated Neurotoxicity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071618. [PMID: 32635578 PMCID: PMC7407141 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that blood astrocytic-origin extracellular vesicles (AEVs) from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients contain high complement levels. To test the hypothesis that circulating EVs from AD patients can induce complement-mediated neurotoxicity involving Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) formation, we assessed the effects of immunocaptured AEVs (using anti-GLAST antibody), in comparison with neuronal-origin (N)EVs (using anti-L1CAM antibody), and nonspecific CD81+ EVs (using anti-CD81 antibody), from the plasma of AD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and control participants. AEVs (and, less effectively, NEVs) of AD participants induced Membrane Attack Complex (MAC) expression on recipient neurons (by immunohistochemistry), membrane disruption (by EthD-1 assay), reduced neurite density (by Tuj-1 immunohistochemistry), and decreased cell viability (by MTT assay) in rat cortical neurons and human iPSC-derived neurons. Demonstration of decreased cell viability was replicated in a separate cohort of autopsy-confirmed AD patients. These effects were not produced by CD81+ EVs from AD participants or AEVs/NEVs from FTLD or control participants, and were suppressed by the MAC inhibitor CD59 and other complement inhibitors. Our results support the stated hypothesis and should motivate future studies on the roles of neuronal MAC deposition and AEV/NEV uptake, as effectors of neurodegeneration in AD.
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Tenner AJ. Complement-Mediated Events in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:306-315. [PMID: 31907273 PMCID: PMC6951444 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 5.7 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer's disease in the United States, with no disease-modifying treatments to prevent or treat cognitive deficits associated with the disease. Genome-wide association studies suggest that an enhancement of clearance mechanisms and/or promotion of an anti-inflammatory response may slow or prevent disease progression. Increasing awareness of distinct roles of complement components in normal brain development and function and in neurodegenerative disorders align with complement-mediated responses, and thus, thorough understanding of these molecular pathways is needed to facilitate successful therapeutic design. Both beneficial and detrimental effects of C1q as well as contributions to local inflammation by C5a-C5aR1 signaling in brain highlight the need for precision of therapeutic design. The potential benefit of β-amyloid clearance from the circulation via CR1-mediated mechanisms is also reviewed. Therapies that suppress inflammation while preserving protective effects of complement could be tested now to slow the progression of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697;
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697; and
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
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Lee JD, Coulthard LG, Woodruff TM. Complement dysregulation in the central nervous system during development and disease. Semin Immunol 2019; 45:101340. [PMID: 31708347 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complement cascade is an important arm of the immune system that plays a key role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from infection. Recently, it has also become clear that complement proteins have fundamental roles in the developing and aging CNS that are distinct from their roles in immunity. During neurodevelopment, complement signalling is involved in diverse processes including neural tube closure, neural progenitor proliferation and differentiation, neuronal migration, and synaptic pruning. In acute neurotrauma and ischamic brain injury, complement drives inflammation and neuronal death, but also neuroprotection and regeneration. In diseases of the aging CNS including dementias and motor neuron disease, chronic complement activation is associated with glial activation, and synapse and neuron loss. Proper regulation of complement is thus essential to allow for an appropriately developed CNS and prevention of excessive damage following neurotrauma or during neurodegeneration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence for functional roles of complement in brain formation, and its dysregulation during acute and chronic disease. We also provide working models for how complement can lead to neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism, and either protect, or propagate neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Liam G Coulthard
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Parker SE, Hanton AM, Stefanou SN, Noakes PG, Woodruff TM, Lee JD. Revisiting the role of the innate immune complement system in ALS. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:223-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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The Role of Complement C3a Receptor in Stroke. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:467-473. [PMID: 31102134 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is a key regulator of the innate immune response against diseased tissue that functions across multiple organ systems. Dysregulation of complement contributes to the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases including stroke. The C3a anaphylatoxin, via its cognate C3a receptor (C3aR), mediates inflammation by promoting breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the massive infiltration of leukocytes into ischemic brain in experimental stroke models. Studies utilizing complement deficient mice as well as pharmacologic C3aR antagonists have shown a reduction in tissue injury and mortality in murine stroke models. The development of tissue-specific C3aR knockout mice and more specific C3aR antagonists is warranted to facilitate our understanding of the role of the C3aR in brain ischemia with the ultimate goal of clinical translation of therapies targeting C3aR in stroke patients.
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The Novel C5aR Antagonist DF3016A Protects Neurons Against Ischemic Neuroinflammatory Injury. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:163-174. [PMID: 30953275 PMCID: PMC6570783 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) constitutively expresses complement (C) membrane receptors and complement proteins, including the component C5a. This is a crucial terminal effector of the C cascade, mostly involved in pain and neuroinflammatory conditions. Aberrant activation of C5a protein and its receptor C5aR has been reported to play a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases, with important clinical consequences. Here we have investigated the effects of DF3016A, a novel selective C5aR antagonist, able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), on cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R), a neuroinflammation-related process. We demonstrated that a mild ischemic insult induces an early upregulation of C5aR associated with the over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the over-expression of the transcriptional regulatory factor miR-181. Furthermore, we report the first experimental evidence of the effect of DF3016A, modulating complement component C5a, on neurons in a model of injury. Interestingly, DF3016A protects neuronal viability by restoring intracellular calcium levels, thus opposing the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and miR-181 expression. Based on our results, we suggest that DF3016A is a novel C5aR antagonist promoting protective effects against OGD/R-induced damage that could be a new therapeutic approach to controlling CNS neuroinflammatory conditions.
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40
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Ma Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Yang GY. Significance of Complement System in Ischemic Stroke: A Comprehensive Review. Aging Dis 2019; 10:429-462. [PMID: 31011487 PMCID: PMC6457046 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an essential part of innate immunity, typically conferring protection via eliminating pathogens and accumulating debris. However, the defensive function of the complement system can exacerbate immune, inflammatory, and degenerative responses in various pathological conditions. Cumulative evidence indicates that the complement system plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury, as the depletion of certain complement components or the inhibition of complement activation could reduce ischemic brain injury. Although multiple candidates modulating or inhibiting complement activation show massive potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke, the clinical availability of complement inhibitors remains limited. The complement system is also involved in neural plasticity and neurogenesis during cerebral ischemia. Thus, unexpected side effects could be induced if the systemic complement system is inhibited. In this review, we highlighted the recent concepts and discoveries of the roles of different kinds of complement components, such as C3a, C5a, and their receptors, in both normal brain physiology and the pathophysiology of brain ischemia. In addition, we comprehensively reviewed the current development of complement-targeted therapy for ischemic stroke and discussed the challenges of bringing these therapies into the clinic. The design of future experiments was also discussed to better characterize the role of complement in both tissue injury and recovery after cerebral ischemia. More studies are needed to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how complement components exert their functions in different stages of ischemic stroke to optimize the intervention of targeting the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- 3Department of Neurology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- 2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Carpanini SM, Torvell M, Morgan BP. Therapeutic Inhibition of the Complement System in Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2019; 10:362. [PMID: 30886620 PMCID: PMC6409326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays critical roles in development, homeostasis, and regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) throughout life; however, complement dysregulation in the CNS can lead to damage and disease. Complement proteins, regulators, and receptors are widely expressed throughout the CNS and, in many cases, are upregulated in disease. Genetic and epidemiological studies, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma biomarker measurements and pathological analysis of post-mortem tissues have all implicated complement in multiple CNS diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), neurotrauma, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Given this body of evidence implicating complement in diverse brain diseases, manipulating complement in the brain is an attractive prospect; however, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), critical to protect the brain from potentially harmful agents in the circulation, is also impermeable to current complement-targeting therapeutics, making drug design much more challenging. For example, antibody therapeutics administered systemically are essentially excluded from the brain. Recent protocols have utilized "Trojan horse" techniques to transport therapeutics across the BBB or used osmotic shock or ultrasound to temporarily disrupt the BBB. Most research to date exploring the impact of complement inhibition on CNS diseases has been in animal models, and some of these studies have generated convincing data; for example, in models of MS, NMO, and stroke. There have been a few recent clinical trials of available anti-complement drugs in CNS diseases associated with BBB impairment, for example the use of the anti-C5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) eculizumab in NMO, but for most CNS diseases there have been no human trials of anti-complement therapies. Here we will review the evidence implicating complement in diverse CNS disorders, from acute, such as traumatic brain or spine injury, to chronic, including demyelinating, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. We will discuss the particular problems of drug access into the CNS and explore ways in which anti-complement therapies might be tailored for CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Carpanini
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Torvell
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Paul Morgan
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Druart M, Le Magueresse C. Emerging Roles of Complement in Psychiatric Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:573. [PMID: 31496960 PMCID: PMC6712161 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system consists of more than 30 proteins that have long been known to participate to the immune defence against pathogens and to the removal of damaged cells. Their role, however, extends beyond immunity and clearance of altered "self" components in the periphery. In particular, complement proteins can be induced by all cell types in the brain. Recent discoveries highlight the role of complement in normal and pathological brain development. Specifically, the complement system mediates synaptic pruning, a developmental process whereby supernumerary synapses are eliminated in the immature brain. The complement system has been implicated in pathological synapse elimination in schizophrenia, West Nile virus infection, and lupus, all of which are associated with psychiatric manifestations. Complement also contributes to synapse loss in neurodegenerative conditions. This review provides a brief overview of the well-studied role of complement molecules in immunity. The contribution of complement to embryonic and adult neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and developmental synaptic elimination in the normal brain is reviewed. We discuss the role of complement in synapse loss in psychiatric and neurological diseases and evaluate the therapeutic potential of complement-targeting drugs for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Druart
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Science and Engineering Faculty, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Corentin Le Magueresse
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Science and Engineering Faculty, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
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Li Y, Chen Y, Li X, Wu J, Pan JY, Cai RX, Yang RY, Wang XD. RNA sequencing screening of differentially expressed genes after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1583-1593. [PMID: 31089057 PMCID: PMC6557110 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.255994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for a therapeutic schedule for spinal cord injury, it is necessary to understand key genes and their corresponding regulatory networks involved in the spinal cord injury process. However, ad hoc selection and analysis of one or two genes cannot fully reveal the complex molecular biological mechanisms of spinal cord injury. The emergence of second-generation sequencing technology (RNA sequencing) has provided a better method. In this study, RNA sequencing technology was used to analyze differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury in rat models established by contusion of the eighth thoracic segment. The numbers of genes that changed significantly were 944, 1362 and 1421 at 1, 4 and 7 days after spinal cord injury respectively. After gene ontology analysis and temporal expression analysis of the differentially expressed genes, C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were then selected and identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. The mRNA expression trends of C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Further verification and analysis of C5ar1 indicate that the level of protein expression of C5ar1 was consistent with its nucleic acid level after spinal cord injury. C5ar1 was mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes. Finally, the gene Itgb2, which may be related to C5ar1, was found by Chilibot database and literature search. Immunofluorescence histochemical results showed that the expression of Itgb2 was highly consistent with that of C5ar1. Itgb2 was expressed in astrocytes. RNA sequencing technology can screen differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury. Through analysis and verification, genes strongly associated with spinal cord injury can be screened. This can provide experimental data for further determining the molecular mechanism of spinal cord injury, and also provide possible targets for the treatment of spinal cord injury. This study was approved ethically by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province, China (approval No. 2018-0306-001) on March 6, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou; Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Ying Pan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ri-Xin Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ri-Yun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Carroll JA, Race B, Williams K, Chesebro B. Toll-like receptor 2 confers partial neuroprotection during prion disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208559. [PMID: 30596651 PMCID: PMC6312208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are common during prion infection, but the mechanisms that underlie these pathological features are not well understood. Several components of innate immunity, such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and Complement C1q, have been shown to influence prion disease. To identify additional components of innate immunity that might impact prion disease within the central nervous system (CNS), we screened RNA from brains of pre-clinical and clinical 22L-infected mice for alterations in genes associated with innate immunity. Transcription of several genes encoding damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) proteins and receptors were increased in the brains of prion-infected mice. To investigate the role of some of these proteins in prion disease of the CNS, we infected mice deficient in DAMP receptor genes Tlr2, C3ar1, and C5ar1 with 22L scrapie. Elimination of TLR2 accelerated disease by a median of 10 days, while lack of C3aR1 or C5aR1 had no effect on disease tempo. Histopathologically, all knockout mouse strains tested were similar to infected control mice in gliosis, vacuolation, and PrPSc deposition. Analysis of proinflammatory markers in the brains of infected knockout mice indicated only a few alterations in gene expression suggesting that C5aR1 and TLR2 signaling did not act synergistically in the brains of prion-infected mice. These results indicate that signaling through TLR2 confers partial neuroprotection during prion infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Carroll
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Brent Race
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Katie Williams
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Bruce Chesebro
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
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Babadjouni R, Patel A, Liu Q, Shkirkova K, Lamorie-Foote K, Connor M, Hodis DM, Cheng H, Sioutas C, Morgan TE, Finch CE, Mack WJ. Nanoparticulate matter exposure results in neuroinflammatory changes in the corpus callosum. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206934. [PMID: 30395590 PMCID: PMC6218079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have established an association between air pollution particulate matter exposure (PM2.5) and neurocognitive decline. Experimental data suggest that microglia play an essential role in air pollution PM-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. This study examined the effect of nano-sized particulate matter (nPM) on complement C5 deposition and microglial activation in the corpus callosum of mice (C57BL/6J males). nPM was collected in an urban Los Angeles region impacted by traffic emissions. Mice were exposed to 10 weeks of re-aerosolized nPM or filtered air for a cumulative 150 hours. nPM-exposed mice exhibited reactive microglia and 2-fold increased local deposition of complement C5/ C5α proteins and complement component C5a receptor 1 (CD88) in the corpus callosum. However, serum C5 levels did not differ between nPM and filtered air cohorts. These findings demonstrate white matter C5 deposition and microglial activation secondary to nPM exposure. The C5 upregulation appears to be localized to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Babadjouni
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Arati Patel
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Qinghai Liu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kristina Shkirkova
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Krista Lamorie-Foote
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle Connor
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Drew M. Hodis
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hank Cheng
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Todd E. Morgan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Mack
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Bisht K, Sharma K, Tremblay MÈ. Chronic stress as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: Roles of microglia-mediated synaptic remodeling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 9:9-21. [PMID: 29992181 PMCID: PMC6035903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the predominant immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that exert key physiological roles required for maintaining CNS homeostasis, notably in response to chronic stress, as well as mediating synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. The repeated exposure to stress confers a higher risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases including sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). While microglia have been causally linked to amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and synaptic loss in AD, they were also attributed beneficial roles, notably in the phagocytic elimination of Aβ. In this review, we discuss the interactions between chronic stress and AD pathology, overview the roles played by microglia in AD, especially focusing on chronic stress as an environmental risk factor modulating their function, and present recently-described microglial phenotypes associated with neuroprotection in AD. These microglial phenotypes observed under both chronic stress and AD pathology may provide novel opportunities for the development of better-targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Key Words
- ABCA7, ATP-binding cassette transporter A7
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- APOE, Apolipoprotein E
- APP, amyloid precursor protein
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ, Amyloid beta
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- CD11b, cluster of differentiation molecule 11B
- CD33, cluster of differentiation 33
- CNS, central nervous system
- CR, complement receptor
- CRF, corticotropin releasing factor
- DAM, disease associated microglia
- DAP12, DNAX-activation protein 12
- Dark microglia
- FAD, Familial Alzheimer's disease
- FCRLS, Fc receptor-like S scavenger receptor
- GR, glucocorticoid receptor
- HPA axis, hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical axis
- IBA1, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1
- IL, interleukin
- LTP, long-term potentiation
- MGnD, microglia with a neurodegenerative phenotype
- MR, mineralocorticoid receptor
- Microglia
- Microglial phenotypes
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NFT, neurofibrillary tangles
- Neurodegeneration
- Neuroinflammation
- PS, presenilin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Stress
- Synaptic remodeling
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor β
- TLR, Toll-like receptors
- TMEM119, transmembrane protein 119
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-α
- TREM2, triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2
- TYROBP, TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein
- mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Bisht
- Axe Neurosciences, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Kaushik Sharma
- Axe Neurosciences, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Lee JD, Levin SC, Willis EF, Li R, Woodruff TM, Noakes PG. Complement components are upregulated and correlate with disease progression in the TDP-43 Q331K mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:171. [PMID: 29859100 PMCID: PMC5984816 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Components of the innate immune complement system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) specifically using hSOD1 transgenic animals; however, a comprehensive examination of complement expression in other transgenic ALS models has not been performed. This study therefore aimed to determine the expression of several key complement components and regulators in the lumbar spinal cord and tibialis anterior muscle of TDP-43Q331K mice during different disease ages. METHODS Non-transgenic, TDP-43WT and TDP-43Q331K mice were examined at three different ages of disease progression. Expression of complement components and their regulators were examined using real-time quantitative PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Localisation of terminal complement component receptor C5aR1 within the lumbar spinal cord was also investigated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Altered levels of several major complement factors, including C5a, in the spinal cord and tibialis anterior muscle of TDP-43Q331K mice were observed as disease progressed, suggesting overall increased complement activation in TDP-43Q331K mice. C5aR1 increased during disease progression, with immuno-localisation demonstrating expression on motor neurons and expression on microglia surrounding the regions of motor neuron death. There was a strong negative linear relationship between spinal cord C1qB, C3 and C5aR1 mRNA levels with hind-limb grip strength. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that similar to SOD1 transgenic animals, local complement activation and increased expression of C5aR1 may contribute to motor neuron death and neuromuscular junction denervation in the TDP-43Q331K mouse ALS model. This further validates C5aR1 as a potential therapeutic target for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, the University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029 Australia
| | - Samantha C. Levin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Emily F. Willis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Rui Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Peter G. Noakes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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Crider A, Feng T, Pandya CD, Davis T, Nair A, Ahmed AO, Baban B, Turecki G, Pillai A. Complement component 3a receptor deficiency attenuates chronic stress-induced monocyte infiltration and depressive-like behavior. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70. [PMID: 29518530 PMCID: PMC5967612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common and debilitating neuropsychiatric illnesses. Accumulating evidence suggests a potential role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of MDD. The complement system represents one of the major effector mechanisms of the innate immune system, and plays a critical role in inflammation. However, the role of complement components in MDD is not well understood. Here, we found significant increase in component 3 (C3) expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of depressed suicide subjects. We tested the role of altered C3 expression in mouse model of depression and found that increased C3 expression in PFC as a result of chronic stress causes depressive-like behavior. Conversely, mice lacking C3 were resilient to stress-induced depressive-like behavior. Moreover, selective overexpression of C3 in PFC was sufficient to cause depressive-like behavior in mice. We found that C3a (activated product of C3) receptor, C3aR+ monocytes were infiltrated into PFC following chronic stress. However, C3aR knockout mice displayed significantly reduced monocyte recruitment into PFC and reduced levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in PFC after chronic stress. In addition, C3aR knockout mice did not exhibit chronic stress-induced behavior despair. Similarly, chronic stress-induced increases in C3aR+ monocytes and IL-1β in PFC, and depressive-like behavior were attenuated by myeloid cell depletion. These postmortem and preclinical studies identify C3aR signaling as a key factor in MDD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Crider
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Tami Feng
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Chirayu D. Pandya
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Talisha Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ashwati Nair
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912,Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Anthony O Ahmed
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Depressive Disorders Program, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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Abstract
From its discovery in the late nineteenth century, as a 'complement' to the cellular immune response, the complement system has been widely affirmed as a powerful controller of innate and adaptive immune responses. In recent decades however, new roles for complement have been discovered, with multiple complement proteins now known to function in a broad array of non-immune systems. This includes during development, where complement exerts control over stem cell populations from fertilization and implantation throughout embryogenesis and beyond post-natal development. It is involved in processes as diverse as cell localisation, tissue morphogenesis, and the growth and refinement of the brain. Such physiological actions of complement have also been described in adult stem cell populations, with roles in proliferation, differentiation, survival, and regeneration. With such a broad range of complement functions now described, it is likely that current research only describes a fraction of the full reach of complement proteins. Here, we review how complement control of physiological cell processes has been harnessed in stem cell populations throughout both development and in adult physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Hawksworth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liam G Coulthard
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susanna Mantovani
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Wesley Medical Research, Auchenflower, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Wesley Medical Research, Auchenflower, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Ishii T, Hattori K, Miyakawa T, Watanabe K, Hidese S, Sasayama D, Ota M, Teraishi T, Hori H, Yoshida S, Nunomura A, Nakagome K, Kunugi H. Increased cerebrospinal fluid complement C5 levels in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:683-688. [PMID: 29454970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has been implicated in a variety of psychiatric disorders. We aimed to determine whether levels of complement C5 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which may reflect activation of the complement system in the brain, are altered in patients with major psychiatric disorders. Additionally, we examined possible associations of CSF C5 levels with clinical variables. Subjects comprised 89 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 66 patients with bipolar disorder (BPD), 96 patients with schizophrenia, and 117 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (Japanese). Diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria. CSF C5 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CSF C5 levels were significantly increased in the patients with MDD (p < 0.001) and in the patients with schizophrenia (p = 0.001), compared with the healthy controls. The rate of individuals with an "abnormally high C5 level" (i.e., above the 95th percentile value of the control subjects) was significantly increased in all psychiatric groups, relative to the control group (all p < 0.01). Older age, male sex, and greater body mass index tended to associate with higher C5 levels. There was a significantly positive correlation between C5 levels and chlorpromazine-equivalent dose in the patients with schizophrenia. Thus, we found, for the first time, elevated C5 levels in the CSF of patients with major psychiatric disorders. Our results suggest that the activated complement system may contribute to neurological pathogenesis in a portion of patients with major psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishii
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyakawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watanabe
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nunomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
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