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Singh L, Kumar A, Rai M, Basnet B, Rai N, Khanal P, Lai KS, Cheng WH, Asaad AM, Ansari S. Spectrum of COVID-19 induced liver injury: A review report. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:517-536. [PMID: 38689748 PMCID: PMC11056898 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused changes in the global health system, causing significant setbacks in healthcare systems worldwide. This pandemic has also shown resilience, flexibility, and creativity in reacting to the tragedy. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection targets most of the respiratory tract, resulting in a severe sickness called acute respiratory distress syndrome that may be fatal in some individuals. Although the lung is the primary organ targeted by COVID-19 viruses, the clinical aspect of the disease is varied and ranges from asymptomatic to respiratory failure. However, due to an unorganized immune response and several affected mechanisms, the liver may also experience liver cell injury, ischemic liver dysfunction, and drug-induced liver injury, which can result in respiratory failure because of the immune system's disordered response and other compromised processes that can end in multisystem organ failure. Patients with liver cirrhosis or those who have impaired immune systems may be more likely than other groups to experience worse results from the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We thus intend to examine the pathogenesis, current therapy, and consequences of liver damage concerning COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokjan Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Teaching Hospital, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Teaching Hospital, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
| | - Maya Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Teaching Hospital, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
| | - Bibek Basnet
- Health Sciences, Asian College of Advance Studies, Purbanchal University, Satdobato 24122, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Nishant Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wan-Hee Cheng
- Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Morad Asaad
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Shamshul Ansari
- Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates.
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Lu Y, Jia Y, Lu J, Liu J, Xu Y, Liu Y, Chen K. Progenies of gestational diabetes mellitus exhibit sex disparity in metabolism after respective therapies of insulin, glibenclamide, and metformin in dams during pregnancy. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:183-195. [PMID: 34689672 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1991957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the sex-dependent intergenerational effects of insulin, glibenclamide, and metformin on glucose and lipid metabolism in the offspring born to GDM mice. METHODS The murine GDM was induced by high fat diet. The offspring were grouped based on the treatments in maternal mice. ITT and GTT were performed at 4th and 8th weeks of age, respectively. Serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C plus hepatic levels of TG and TC, were respectively determined by enzymatic kits. Western blotting was conducted to detect related proteins in the livers from offspring. RESULTS The dyslipidaemia, hepatic lipid abnormality, and insulin insensitivity caused by GDM were persistently normalised in male adult offspring by the respective therapies of insulin, glibenclamide, and metformin during maternal pregnancy. Specifically, the decreases in plasma TC, TG, and LDL-C levels (29%, 37.8%, and 57.7%, respectively, p ˂ .05) and in hepatic lipid contents (TC 31.3% and TG 39.2%, p ˂ .05), the increases in hepatic phosphorylation levels of AKT, CPT1A, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ (57.1%, 91.7%, 68%, and 173.3%, respectively, p ˂ .05) and the inhibition of G6Pase, PEPCK, and HMGCS1 (35.7%, 68.8%, and 77.3% respectively, p ˂ .05) were still observed in the male offspring born to treated GDM mice from 4th to 8th week of age. Unexpectedly, the aforementioned parameters in female progenies in different groups were not significantly changed compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Respective treatments in GDM mice during pregnancy with insulin, glibenclamide, and metformin have the long-term persistent effects in male offspring, while female progenies born to untreated dams showed an autonomous inhibition of intergenerational relay of glucose and lipid dysregulation. Our current findings may imply a sex-dependent strategy of medical care for GDM mothers and their offspring.NoveltiesRespective interventions of insulin, glibenclamide, and metformin on dams exerted the persisted effects on male progenies.Therapies of three drugs on dams had the similarly improved effects in offspring.Female offspring autonomously corrected their dysregulated glucose-lipid metabolism caused by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yajing Jia
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- AIER Hefei Eye Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Keyang Chen
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
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Norris AC, Yazlovitskaya EM, Yang TS, Mansueto A, Stafford JM, Graham TR. ATP10A deficiency results in male-specific infertility in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1310593. [PMID: 38415274 PMCID: PMC10896839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1310593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Over 8% of couples worldwide are affected by infertility and nearly half of these cases are due to male-specific issues where the underlying cause is often unknown. Therefore, discovery of new genetic factors contributing to male-specific infertility in model organisms can enhance our understanding of the etiology of this disorder. Here we show that murine ATP10A, a phospholipid flippase, is highly expressed in male reproductive organs, specifically the testes and vas deferens. Therefore, we tested the influence of ATP10A on reproduction by examining fertility of Atp10A knockout mice. Our findings reveal that Atp10A deficiency leads to male-specific infertility, but does not perturb fertility in the females. The Atp10A deficient male mice exhibit smaller testes, reduced sperm count (oligozoospermia) and lower sperm motility (asthenozoospermia). Additionally, Atp10A deficient mice display testes and vas deferens histopathological abnormalities, as well as altered total and relative amounts of hormones associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Surprisingly, circulating testosterone is elevated 2-fold in the Atp10A knockout mice while luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and inhibin B levels were not significantly different from WT littermates. The knockout mice also exhibit elevated levels of gonadotropin receptors and alterations to ERK, p38 MAPK, Akt, and cPLA2-dependent signaling in the testes. Atp10A was knocked out in the C57BL/6J background, which also carries an inactivating nonsense mutation in the closely related lipid flippase, Atp10D. We have corrected the Atp10D nonsense mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 and determined that loss of Atp10A alone is sufficient to cause infertility in male mice. Collectively, these findings highlight the critical role of ATP10A in male fertility in mice and provide valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Norris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Tzushan Sharon Yang
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alex Mansueto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John M Stafford
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Sahota S, Cooper L, Sirkova A, Stojanovic N. Dopamine Agonists as a Novel "Cure" for Autoimmune Diabetes. JCEM CASE REPORTS 2024; 2:luad176. [PMID: 38222861 PMCID: PMC10785212 DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
We present a patient who, when treated for macroprolactinoma with a dopamine agonist (DA), was able to stop insulin treatment of his autoimmune diabetes for 2 years. The patient was diagnosed with autoimmune diabetes after presenting to emergency services in diabetic ketoacidosis aged 50 years. On presentation, he had high titers of autoantibodies associated with pancreatic islet cell destruction and a high level of glycated hemoglobin. On review in the endocrinology clinic, he displayed signs and symptoms of hypogonadism. Subsequent investigations revealed low testosterone and high prolactin with a pituitary macroadenoma on magnetic resonance imaging. He was diagnosed with a macroprolactinoma and treated with DA. This treatment reversed his insulin requirement and he achieved excellent glycemic control without any hypoglycemic agent. At this point, his diagnosis was revised to latent autoimmune diabetes of adults. Two years after commencing the DA, insulin had to be restarted. We hypothesize that in addition to autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β cells, there were several other causes of hyperglycemia in this patient, including hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadism. The correct diagnosis led to significant weight loss and appropriate therapy, with a dramatic improvement in quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaan Sahota
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen's Hospital, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Rom Valley Way, Romford RM7 0AG, UK
| | - Lorcan Cooper
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen's Hospital, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Rom Valley Way, Romford RM7 0AG, UK
| | - Anelia Sirkova
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen's Hospital, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Rom Valley Way, Romford RM7 0AG, UK
| | - Nemanja Stojanovic
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen's Hospital, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Rom Valley Way, Romford RM7 0AG, UK
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Rizk J, Sahu R, Duteil D. An overview on androgen-mediated actions in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Steroids 2023; 199:109306. [PMID: 37634653 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are a class of steroid hormones primarily associated with male sexual development and physiology, but exert pleiotropic effects in either sex. They have a crucial role in various physiological processes, including the regulation of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue homeostasis. The effects of androgens are mainly mediated through the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor expressed in both tissues. In skeletal muscle, androgens via AR exert a multitude of effects, ranging from increased muscle mass and strength, to the regulation of muscle fiber type composition, contraction and metabolic functions. In adipose tissue, androgens influence several processes including proliferation, fat distribution, and metabolism but they display depot-specific and organism-specific effects which differ in certain context. This review further explores the potential mechanisms underlying androgen-AR signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Understanding the roles of androgens and their receptor in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is essential for elucidating their contributions to physiological processes, disease conditions, and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Rizk
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Rajesh Sahu
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Delphine Duteil
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France.
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Yin L, Qi S, Zhu Z. Advances in mitochondria-centered mechanism behind the roles of androgens and androgen receptor in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1267170. [PMID: 37900128 PMCID: PMC10613047 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1267170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have reported that androgens and androgen receptors (AR) play important roles in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and the development of obesity-related diseases have been found in either hypogonadal men or male rodents with androgen deficiency. Exogenous androgens supplementation can effectively improve these disorders, but the mechanism by which androgens regulate glucose and lipid metabolism has not been fully elucidated. Mitochondria, as powerhouses within cells, are key organelles influencing glucose and lipid metabolism. Evidence from both pre-clinical and clinical studies has reported that the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by androgens/AR is strongly associated with the impact on the content and function of mitochondria, but few studies have systematically reported the regulatory effect and the molecular mechanism. In this paper, we review the effect of androgens/AR on mitochondrial content, morphology, quality control system, and function, with emphases on molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss the sex-dimorphic effect of androgens on mitochondria. This paper provides a theoretical basis for shedding light on the influence and mechanism of androgens on glucose and lipid metabolism and highlights the mitochondria-based explanation for the sex-dimorphic effect of androgens on glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yin
- School of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Qi
- School of Sport Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- School of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Zolla L. Biomarkers to Be Used for Decision of Treatment of Hypogonadal Men with or without Insulin Resistance. Metabolites 2023; 13:681. [PMID: 37367840 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Male hypogonadism is a result of low testosterone levels, but patients could be insulin-sensitive (IS) or insulin-resistant (IR), showing different impaired metabolic pathways. Thus, testosterone coadministration, which is commonly used to reestablish testosterone levels in hypogonadism, must take into account whether or not insulin is still active. By comparing metabolic cycles recorded in IS and IR plasma before and after testosterone therapy (TRT), it is possible to know what metabolic pathways can be reactivated in the two different groups upon testosterone recovery, and it is possible to understand if antagonism or synergy exists between these two hormones. IS hypogonadism uses glycolysis, while IR hypogonadism activates gluconeogenesis through the degradation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Upon administration of testosterone, acceptable improvements are observed in IS patients, wherein many metabolic pathways are restored, while in IR patients, a reprogramming of metabolic cycles is observed. However, in both subgroups, lactate and acetyl-CoA increases significantly. In IS patients, lactate is used through the glucose-lactate cycle to produce energy, while in IR patients, both lactate and acetyl-CoA are metabolized into ketone bodies, which are used to produce energy. Thus, in IR patients, an ancestral molecular mechanism is activated to produce energy, mimicking insulin effects. Regarding lipids, in both groups, the utilization of fatty acids for energy (β-oxidation) is blocked, even after TRT; free fatty acids (FFAs) increase in the blood in IS patients, while they are incorporated into triglycerides in those with IR. In both subgroups of hypogonadism, supplementation of useful chemicals is recommended during and after TRT when metabolites are not restored; they are listed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lello Zolla
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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8
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Ning L, Sun J. Associations between body circumference and testosterone levels and risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a mendelian randomization study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:602. [PMID: 36997893 PMCID: PMC10061974 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Body circumference and testosterone levels have been reported as associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) risk. However, whether body circumference and testosterone levels play a role in the development of MAFLD remains inconclusive. Methods Using a large database of genome-wide association studies, genetic loci that are independent of each other and strongly associated with body circumference and testosterone levels were selected as instrumental variables, the causal relationship between body circumference and testosterone and risk of MAFLD was investigated by two-sample Mendelian randomization methods such as inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median estimator (WME), using the odds ratios (ORs) as evaluation indicators. Results A total of 344 SNPs were included as instrumental variables in this study, including 180 for waist circumference, 29 for waist-to-hip ratio, and 135 for testosterone levels. Using the above two-sample Mendelian Randomization method to derive the causal association between exposure and outcome. The results of this study showed that three exposure factors were causally associated with the risk of MAFLD. Waist circumference obtained three statistically significant results for IVW, WME and Weighted mode (IVW: OR = 3.53, 95%CI: 2.23–5.57, P < 0.001; WME: OR = 3.88, 95%CI: 1.81–8.29, P < 0.001; Weighted mode: OR = 3.58, 95%CI: 1.05–12.16, P = 0.043). Waist-to-hip ratio obtained one statistically significant result for IVW (OR = 2.29, 95%CI: 1.12–4.66, P = 0.022). Testosterone levels obtained one statistically significant result for IVW (OR = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.30–2.87, P = 0.001). Waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and testosterone level were considered as risk factors for MAFLD. The Cochran Q test for IVW and MR-Egger method indicated that there was no intergenic heterogeneity in SNPs. The test for pleiotropy indicated that the possibility of pleiotropy in the causal analysis was weak. Conclusion The results of the two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis showed that waist circumference was the exact risk factor for MAFLD, waist-to-hip ratio and testosterone levels were potential risk factors for MAFLD, the risk of developing MAFLD increases with these three exposure factors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-15467-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ning
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, The first clinical medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jianguang Sun
- grid.464402.00000 0000 9459 9325Department of Traditional Chinese medicine, The first clinical medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Han S, Jeon YJ, Lee TY, Park GM, Park S, Kim SC. Testosterone is associated with abdominal body composition derived from computed tomography: a large cross sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22528. [PMID: 36581676 PMCID: PMC9800400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum testosterone and abdominal body composition based on abdominopelvic computed tomography (APCT) measurements after adjusting for individual metabolic syndrome components. We performed a cross-sectional study using male subjects (age range: 22-84 years) who underwent a general health examination with abdominopelvic computed tomography and testosterone measurements. Body composition was evaluated with APCT. To confirm an association between testosterone and abdominal body composition, we conducted linear regression analysis. The effect of abdominal body composition was adjusted for important clinical factors such as age, albumin, and metabolic components in the multivariable regression analysis. Overall, 1453 subjects were included in the primary analysis. After adjustment for age, individual metabolic components, albumin, hemoglobin A1c, and C-reactive protein, we found that subcutaneous fat area index (β = - 0.042, p < 0.001), total abdominal muscle area index (β = 0.115, p < 0.001), normal attenuation muscle area index (β = 0.070, p < 0.001), and loge-transformed lower attenuation muscle area index (β = 0.140, p = 0.002) had an association with loge-transformed testosterone level. After adjusting for individual metabolic syndrome components, testosterone was associated negatively with subcutaneous fat, but not visceral fat. In addition, testosterone was positively correlated with abdominal muscle regardless of qualitative features such as fat-rich and fat-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbong Han
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jee Jeon
- grid.412830.c0000 0004 0647 7248Department of Family Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- grid.412830.c0000 0004 0647 7248Department of Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Gyung-Min Park
- grid.412830.c0000 0004 0647 7248Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sungchan Park
- grid.412830.c0000 0004 0647 7248Department of Urology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Kim
- grid.412830.c0000 0004 0647 7248Department of Urology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Zolla L. On the Need to Distinguish between Insulin-Normal and Insulin-Resistant Patients in Testosterone Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112730. [PMID: 36361519 PMCID: PMC9657366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Male hypogonadism is a disorder characterized by low levels of the hormone testosterone and patients may also have insulin sensitivity (IS) or insulin resistance (IR), such that they show different clinical complications and different metabolic pathways. In this review, we compare metabonomic differences observed between these two groups before and after testosterone therapy (TRT) in order to obtain information on whether the two hormones testosterone and insulin are synergistic or antagonistic. IS hypogonadism uses glucose as the main biofuel, while IR activates gluconeogenesis by the degradation of branched-chain amino acids. The Krebs (TCA) cycle is active in IS but connected with glutaminolysis, while in IR the TCA cycle stops at citrate, which is used for lipogenesis. In both cases, the utilization of fatty acids for energy (β-oxidation) is hampered by lower amounts of acetylcarnitine, although it is favored by the absence of insulin in IR. Increased free fatty acids (FFAs) are free in the blood in IS, while they are partially incorporated in triglycerides in IR. Thus, upon TRT, the utilization of glucose is increased more in IS than in IR, revealing that in IR there is a switch from preferential glucose oxidation to lipid oxidation. However, in both cases, a high production of lactate and acetyl-CoA is the final result, with these levels being much higher in IR. Lactate is used in IS in the glucose–lactate cycle between the liver and muscle to produce energy, while in IR lactate and acetyl-CoA are biotransformed into ketone bodies, resulting in ketonuria. In conclusion, the restoration of testosterone values in hypogonadism gives better results in IS than in IR patients: in IS, TRT restores most of the metabolic pathways, while in IR TRT impairs insulin, and when insulin is inactive TRT activates an ancestral molecular mechanism to produce energy. This evidence supports the hypothesis that, over time, hypogonadism switches from IS to IR, and in the latter case most of the insulin-related metabolisms are not reactivated, at least within 60 days of TRT. However, testosterone therapy in both IS and IR might be of benefit given supplementation with metabolites that are not completely restored upon TRT, in order to help restore physiological metabolisms. This review underlines the importance of using a systems biology approach to shed light on the molecular mechanisms of related biochemical pathways involving insulin and testosterone.
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Bhatnagar R, Dixit NM, Yang EH, Sallam T. Cancer therapy's impact on lipid metabolism: Mechanisms and future avenues. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:925816. [PMID: 36017084 PMCID: PMC9396263 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.925816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a growing threat among cancer patients. Not surprisingly, cancer-targeting therapies have been linked to metabolic dysregulation including changes in local and systemic lipid metabolism. Thus, tumor development and cancer therapeutics are intimately linked to cholesterol metabolism and may be a driver of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population. Chemotherapeutic agents affect lipid metabolism through diverse mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the mechanistic and clinical evidence linking commonly used cytotoxic therapies with cholesterol metabolism and potential opportunities to limit atherosclerotic risk in this patient population. Better understanding of the link between atherosclerosis, cancer therapy, and cholesterol metabolism may inform optimal lipid therapy for cancer patients and mitigate cardiovascular disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neal M. Dixit
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric H. Yang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tamer Sallam
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Insight into Potential Interactions of Thyroid Hormones, Sex Hormones and Their Stimulating Hormones in the Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080718. [PMID: 36005590 PMCID: PMC9414490 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common manifestation of metabolic syndrome. In addition to lifestyle, endocrine hormones play a role in the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism. The most common endocrine hormones contributing to metabolic syndrome are alterations in the levels of thyroid hormones (THs, predominantly in subclinical hypothyroidism) and of sex hormones (in menopause). These hormonal changes influence hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism and may increase hepatic fat accumulation. This review compares the effects of sex hormones, THs and the respective stimulating hormones, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), on the development of hepatosteatosis. TSH and FSH may be more relevant to the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism than the peripheral hormones because metabolic changes were identified when only levels of the stimulating hormones were abnormal and the peripheral hormones were still in the reference range. Increased TSH and FSH levels appear to have additive effects on the development of NAFLD and to act independently from each other.
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Apostolov R, Gianatti E, Wong D, Kutaiba N, Gow P, Grossmann M, Sinclair M. Testosterone therapy reduces hepatic steatosis in men with type 2 diabetes and low serum testosterone concentrations. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:754-765. [PMID: 35646271 PMCID: PMC9099110 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i4.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in people with diabetes with no available treatment.
AIM To explore the effect of testosterone treatment on liver. Testosterone therapy improves insulin resistance and reduces total body fat, but its impact on the liver remains poorly studied.
METHODS This secondary analysis of a 40 wk, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of intramuscular testosterone undecanoate in men with type 2 diabetes and lowered serum testosterone concentrations evaluated the change in hepatic steatosis as measured by liver fat fraction on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
RESULTS Of 88 patients enrolled in the index study, 39 had liver MRIs of whom 20 received testosterone therapy and 19 received placebo. All patients had > 5% hepatic steatosis at baseline and 38 of 39 patients met diagnostic criteria for NAFLD. Median liver fat at baseline was 15.0% (IQR 11.5%-21.1%) in the testosterone and 18.4% (15.0%-28.9%) in the placebo group. Median ALT was 34units/L (26-38) in the testosterone and 32units/L (25-52) in the placebo group. At week 40, patients receiving testosterone had a median reduction in absolute liver fat of 3.5% (IQR 2.9%-6.4%) compared with an increase of 1.2% in the placebo arm (between-group difference 4.7% P < 0.001). After controlling for baseline liver fat, testosterone therapy was associated with a relative reduction in liver fat of 38.3% (95% confidence interval 25.4%-49.0%, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Testosterone therapy was associated with a reduction in hepatic steatosis in men with diabetes and low serum testosterone. Future randomised studies of testosterone therapy in men with NAFLD focusing on liver-related endpoints are therefore justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Apostolov
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Gianatti
- Department of Endocrinology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia
| | - Darren Wong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Numan Kutaiba
- Department of Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gow
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie Sinclair
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Transplant Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
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Zolla L, Ceci M. Plasma Metabolomics Profile of "Insulin Sensitive" Male Hypogonadism after Testosterone Replacement Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031916. [PMID: 35163837 PMCID: PMC8836772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Male hypogonadism is a disorder characterized by low levels of testosterone, but patients can either show normal insulin (insulin-sensitive (IS)) or over time they can become insulin-resistant (IR). Since the two groups showed different altered metabolisms, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) could achieve different results. In this paper, we analyzed plasma from 20 IS patients with low testosterone (<8 nmol/L) and HOMAi < 2.5. The samples, pre- and post-treatment with testosterone for 60 days, were analyzed by UHPLC and mass spectrometry. Glycolysis was significantly upregulated, suggesting an improved glucose utilization. Conversely, the pentose phosphate pathway was reduced, while the Krebs cycle was not used. Branched amino acids and carnosine metabolism were positively influenced, while β-oxidation of fatty acids (FFA) was not activated. Cholesterol, HDL, and lipid metabolism did not show any improvements at 60 days but did so later in the experimental period. Finally, both malate and glycerol shuttle were reduced. As a result, both NADH and ATP were significantly lower. Interestingly, a significant production of lactate was observed, which induced the activation of the Cori cycle between the liver and muscles, which became the main source of energy for these patients without involving alanine. Thus, the treatment must be integrated with chemicals which are not restored in order to reactivate energy production.
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Nishikawa M, Ohara N, Naito Y, Saito Y, Amma C, Tatematsu K, Baoyindugurong J, Miyazawa D, Hashimoto Y, Okuyama H. Rapeseed (canola) oil aggravates metabolic syndrome-like conditions in male but not in female stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:256-268. [PMID: 35242585 PMCID: PMC8866840 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canola oil shortens life of male SHRSP. Testis is the target of canola oil toxicity. Inhibition of negative regulation by testosterone of aldosterone production may be a trigger of canola oil toxicity. Facilitation of hypertension by aldosterone may lead to life-shortening. Increased plasma lipids by canola oil have no relevance to life-shortening.
This study was conducted to investigate whether or not there are sex differences in canola oil (CAN)-induced adverse events in the rat and to understand the involvement and the role of testosterone in those events, including life-shortening. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) of both sexes were fed a diet containing 10 wt/wt% soybean oil (SOY, control) or CAN as the sole dietary fat. The survival of the males fed the CAN diet was significantly shorter than that of those fed the SOY diet. In contrast, the survival of the females was not affected by CAN. The males fed the CAN diet showed elevated blood pressure, thrombopenia and insulin-tolerance, which are major symptoms of metabolic syndrome, whereas such changes by the CAN diet were not found in the females. Plasma testosterone was significantly lower in animals of both sexes fed the CAN diet than in those fed the SOY diet, but interestingly, the lowered testosterone was accompanied by a marked increase in plasma aldosterone only in the males. These results demonstrate significant sex differences in CAN-toxicity and suggest that those sex differences may be attributable to the increased aldosterone level, which triggers aggravation of the genetic diseases specific to SHRSP, that is, metabolic syndrome-like conditions, but only in the males. The present results also suggest that testosterone may negatively regulate aldosterone production in the physiology of the males, and the inhibition of that negative regulation caused by the CAN diet is one of the possible causes of the adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nishikawa
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohara
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yukiko Naito
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Saito
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, 729-5 Ochiai, Hadano, Kanagawa 257-8523, Japan
| | - Chihiro Amma
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Tatematsu
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitabora, Gifu, Gifu 502-8585, Japan
| | - Jinhua Baoyindugurong
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, College of Food Science and Engineering, Zhaowuda Rd. 306, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, PR China
| | - Daisuke Miyazawa
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
| | - Yoko Hashimoto
- School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Harumi Okuyama
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8521, Japan
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Klaver M, van Velzen D, de Blok C, Nota N, Wiepjes C, Defreyne J, Schreiner T, Fisher A, Twisk J, Seidell J, T’Sjoen G, den Heijer M, de Mutsert R. Change in Visceral Fat and Total Body Fat and the Effect on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors During Transgender Hormone Therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e153-e164. [PMID: 34415999 PMCID: PMC8684493 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excess visceral fat increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and is influenced by sex hormones. Our aim was to investigate changes in visceral fat and the ratio of visceral fat to total body fat (VAT/TBF) and their associations with changes in lipids and insulin resistance after 1 year of hormone therapy in trans persons. METHODS In 179 trans women and 162 trans men, changes in total body and visceral fat estimated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after 1 year of hormone therapy were related to lipids and insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] with linear regression analysis. RESULTS In trans women, total body fat increased by 4.0 kg (95% CI 3.4, 4.7), while the amount of visceral fat did not change (-2 grams; 95% CI -15, 11), albeit with a large range from -318 to 281, resulting in a decrease in the VAT/TBF ratio of 17% (95% CI 15, 19). In trans men, total body fat decreased with 2.8 kg (95% CI 2.2, 3.5), while the amount of visceral fat did not change (3 g; 95% CI -10, 16; range -372, 311), increasing the VAT/TBF ratio by 14% (95% CI 10, 17). In both groups, VAT/TBF was not associated with changes in blood lipids or HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Hormone therapy in trans women and trans men resulted in changes in VAT/TBF, mainly due to changes in total body fat and were unrelated to changes in cardiometabolic risk factors, which suggests that any unfavorable cardiometabolic effects of hormone therapy are not mediated by changes in visceral fat or VAT/TBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Klaver
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daan van Velzen
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christel de Blok
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke Nota
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Wiepjes
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Justine Defreyne
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Schreiner
- Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessandra Fisher
- Andrology, Women’s Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jos Twisk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Seidell
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guy T’Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Martin den Heijer, MD, PhD, Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1107, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Łykowska-Szuber L, Wołodźko K, Rychter AM, Szymczak-Tomczak A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I, Dobrowolska A. Liver Injury in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5048. [PMID: 34768568 PMCID: PMC8585115 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While respiratory symptoms are prevalent in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, growing evidence indicates that COVID-19 affects a wide variety of organs. Coronaviruses affect not only the respiratory system, but also the circulatory, nervous and digestive systems. The most common comorbidities in COVID-19 patients are hypertension, followed by diabetes, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease. Most conditions predisposing to SARS-CoV-2 infection are closely related to the metabolic syndrome. Obesity and chronic diseases, including liver disease, are associated with the induction of pro-inflammatory conditions and a reduction in immune response disorders, leading to the suspicion that these conditions may increase the susceptibility to SARS-CoV2 infection and the risk of complications. The definition of liver damage caused by COVID-19 has not yet been established. COVID-19 may contribute to both primary and secondary liver injury in people with pre-existing chronic disease and impaired liver reserves, leading to exacerbation of underlying disease, liver decompensation, or acute chronic liver failure. Therefore, many researchers have interpreted it as clinical or laboratory abnormalities in the course of the disease and treatment in patients with or without pre-existing liver disease. The research results available so far indicate that patients with liver disease require special attention in the event of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Łykowska-Szuber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (K.W.); (A.S.-T.); (I.K.-K.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Anna Maria Rychter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (K.W.); (A.S.-T.); (I.K.-K.); (A.D.)
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18
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Al-Qudimat A, Al-Zoubi RM, Yassin AA, Alwani M, Aboumarzouk OM, AlRumaihi K, Talib R, Al Ansari A. Testosterone treatment improves liver function and reduces cardiovascular risk: A long-term prospective study. Arab J Urol 2021; 19:376-386. [PMID: 34552789 PMCID: PMC8451678 DOI: 10.1080/2090598x.2021.1959261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To report the association between testosterone treatment in hypogonadal men with hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: A prospective study was conducted to assess the physiological and functional performance of the long-term effects of testosterone undecanoate treatment on hepatic steatosis in 496 hypogonadal men. Two groups were studied, the treatment group (T-group) of 312 patients treated with TU 1000 mg every 12 weeks and followed for 8 years, and an untreated control group (C-group) of 184 patients. We evaluated liver functions and Fatty Liver Index (FLI) according to Mayo Clinic parameters and guidelines. Results: The T-group showed a decrease in the FLI (from a mean [SD] of 83.70 [12.15] to 67.12 [19.21]), bilirubin (from a mean [SD] of 1.69 [4.21] to 1.31 [1.91] mg/dL), triglycerides (from a mean [SD] of 254.87 [92.99] to 213.37 [66.91] mg/dL), and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (from a mean [SD] of 39.45 [11.51] to 29.11 [7.68] U/L) over the duration of the study. Other parameters were also reduced in the T-group such as body mass index (from a mean [SD] of 31.59 [4.51] to 29.50 [3.84] kg/m2) and waist circumference (from a mean [SD] of 107.51 [9.95] to 101.86 [9.28] cm). A total of 25 deaths (7.8%) were recorded in the T-group, among them, 11 (44%) were related to CVD. While in the C-group 28 deaths (15.2%) were recorded and all the reported deaths (100%) were related to CVD. Conclusions: The findings suggest that long-term testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men improves liver function. While, the physiological and functional improvements in the liver may be associated with a decrease in CVD-related mortality. Abbreviations ALT: alanine transaminase; AR: androgen receptor; AST: aspartate transaminase; BMI: body mass index; CVD: cardiovascular disease; FLI: Fatty Liver Index; γ-GT: gamma-glutamyl-transferase; MetS: metabolic syndrome; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; RCT: randomised controlled trial; T2DM: type II diabetes mellitus; TT: total testosterone; TTh: testosterone therapy; TU: testosterone undecanoate; WC: waist circumference
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Qudimat
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raed M Al-Zoubi
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Aksam A Yassin
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Center of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mustafa Alwani
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar M Aboumarzouk
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled AlRumaihi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raidh Talib
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Al Ansari
- Surgical Research Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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19
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Della Torre S. Beyond the X Factor: Relevance of Sex Hormones in NAFLD Pathophysiology. Cells 2021; 10:2502. [PMID: 34572151 PMCID: PMC8470830 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, being frequently associated with obesity, unbalanced dietary regimens, and reduced physical activity. Despite their greater adiposity and reduced physical activity, women show a lower risk of developing NAFLD in comparison to men, likely a consequence of a sex-specific regulation of liver metabolism. In the liver, sex differences in the uptake, synthesis, oxidation, deposition, and mobilization of lipids, as well as in the regulation of inflammation, are associated with differences in NAFLD prevalence and progression between men and women. Given the major role of sex hormones in driving hepatic sexual dimorphism, this review will focus on the role of sex hormones and their signaling in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and in the molecular mechanisms triggering NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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20
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Dean AE, Reichardt F, Anakk S. Sex differences feed into nuclear receptor signaling along the digestive tract. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166211. [PMID: 34273530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in physiology are noted in clinical and animal studies. However, mechanisms underlying these observed differences between males and females remain elusive. Nuclear receptors control a wide range of physiological pathways and are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth, stomach, liver and intestine. We investigated the literature pertaining to ER, AR, FXR, and PPAR regulation and highlight the sex differences in nutrient metabolism along the digestive system. We chose these nuclear receptors based on their metabolic functions, and hormonal actions. Intriguingly, we noted an overlap in target genes of ER and FXR that modulate mucosal integrity and GLP-1 secretion, whereas overlap in target genes of PPARα with ER and AR modulate lipid metabolism. Sex differences were seen not only in the basal expression of nuclear receptors, but also in activation as their endogenous ligand concentrations fluctuate depending on nutrient availability. Finally, in this review, we speculate that interactions between the nuclear receptors may influence overall metabolic decisions in the gastrointestinal tract in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E Dean
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - François Reichardt
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Cancer center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America.
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21
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Lopes C, Rocha E, Pereira IL, Madureira TV. Deciphering influences of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on lipid metabolism genes using brown trout primary hepatocytes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 235:105819. [PMID: 33873058 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite of physiological and toxicological relevance, the potential of androgens to influence fish lipid metabolism remains poorly explored. Here, brown trout primary hepatocytes were exposed to six concentrations (1 nM to 100 μM) of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T), to assess changes in the mRNA levels of genes covering diverse lipid metabolic pathways. Acsl1, essential for fatty acid activation, was up-regulated by T and DHT, whereas the lipogenic enzymes FAS and ACC were up-regulated by the highest (100 μM) concentration of T and DHT, respectively. ApoA1, the major component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), was down-regulated by both androgens. PPARγ, linked to adipogenesis and peroxisomal β-oxidation, was down-regulated by T and DHT, while Acox1-3I, rate-limiting in peroxisomal β-oxidation, was down-regulated by T. Fabp1, StAR and LPL were not altered. Our findings suggest that androgens may impact on lipid transport, adipogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation and promote lipogenesis in fish liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lopes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês L Pereira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia V Madureira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, P 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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22
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Moringa protein drink increases testosterone and anabolic status of men with hyperlipidemia: A randomized controlled study. TURKISH JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.31459/turkjkin.851832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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23
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Troncoso MF, Pavez M, Wilson C, Lagos D, Duran J, Ramos S, Barrientos G, Silva P, Llanos P, Basualto-Alarcón C, Westenbrink BD, Lavandero S, Estrada M. Testosterone activates glucose metabolism through AMPK and androgen signaling in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Biol Res 2021; 54:3. [PMID: 33546773 PMCID: PMC7863443 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Testosterone regulates nutrient and energy balance to maintain protein synthesis and metabolism in cardiomyocytes, but supraphysiological concentrations induce cardiac hypertrophy. Previously, we determined that testosterone increased glucose uptake—via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)—after acute treatment in cardiomyocytes. However, whether elevated glucose uptake is involved in long-term changes of glucose metabolism or is required during cardiomyocyte growth remained unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that glucose uptake and glycolysis increase in testosterone-treated cardiomyocytes through AMPK and androgen receptor (AR). Methods Cultured cardiomyocytes were stimulated with 100 nM testosterone for 24 h, and hypertrophy was verified by increased cell size and mRNA levels of β-myosin heavy chain (β-mhc). Glucose uptake was assessed by 2-NBDG. Glycolysis and glycolytic capacity were determined by measuring extracellular acidification rate (ECAR). Results Testosterone induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy that was accompanied by increased glucose uptake, glycolysis enhancement and upregulated mRNA expression of hexokinase 2. In addition, testosterone increased AMPK phosphorylation (Thr172), while inhibition of both AMPK and AR blocked glycolysis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by testosterone. Moreover, testosterone supplementation in adult male rats by 5 weeks induced cardiac hypertrophy and upregulated β-mhc, Hk2 and Pfk2 mRNA levels. Conclusion These results indicate that testosterone stimulates glucose metabolism by activation of AMPK and AR signaling which are critical to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40659-021-00328-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayarling Francisca Troncoso
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Pavez
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Wilson
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Lagos
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Duran
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Ramos
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Genaro Barrientos
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Silva
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, 5951537, Coyhaique, Chile.,Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Programa de Fisiología Y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, 8389100, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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24
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Testosterone stimulates cholesterol clearance from human macrophages by activating LXRα. Life Sci 2021; 269:119040. [PMID: 33453241 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Low testosterone in men is associated with increased cardiovascular events and mortality. Testosterone has beneficial effects on several cardiovascular risk factors including cholesterol, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation as key mediators of atherosclerosis. Although evidence suggests testosterone is anti-atherogenic, its mechanism of action is unknown. The present study investigates whether testosterone exerts anti-atherogenic effects by stimulating cholesterol clearance from macrophages via activation of liver X receptor (LXRα), a nuclear master regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis, lipid regulation, and inflammation. MAIN METHODS Using human monocyte THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages, the effect of testosterone (1-10 nM) treatment (24-72 h) on the expression of LXRα and LXR- targets apolipoprotein E (APOE), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), was investigated via qPCR and western blotting, with or without androgen receptor blockade with flutamide or LXR antagonism with CPPSS-50. Cholesterol clearance was measured by monitoring fluorescent dehydroergosterol (DHE) cellular clearance and ABCA1 cellular translocation was observed via immunocytochemistry in testosterone treated macrophages. KEY FINDINGS Testosterone increased mRNA and protein expression of LXRα, APOE, ABCA1, SREBF1 and FAS. These effects were blocked by flutamide and independently by LXR antagonism with CPPSS-50. Furthermore testosterone stimulated cholesterol clearance from the macrophages and promoted the translocation of ABCA1 toward the cell membrane. SIGNIFICANCE Testosterone acts via androgen receptor-dependent pathways to stimulate LXRα and downstream targets to induce cholesterol clearance in human macrophages. This may, in part, explain the anti-atherogenic effects of testosterone frequently seen clinically.
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25
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Ye W, Xie T, Song Y, Zhou L. The role of androgen and its related signals in PCOS. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1825-1837. [PMID: 33369146 PMCID: PMC7882969 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women at reproductive age. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms have not been completely understood. Hyperandrogenism is an important clinic feature in patients with PCOS, suggesting its pathologic role in the development and progression of PCOS. However, the actual role of androgen and the related signals in PCOS and PCOS-related complications have not yet been clarified. In this review, we surveyed the origin and effects of androgen on PCOS and the related complications, highlighted the cellular signals affecting androgen synthesis and summarized the pathological processes caused by hyperandrogenism. Our review well reveals the important mechanisms referring the pathogenesis of PCOS and provides important clues to the clinic strategies in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Ye
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Song
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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26
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Yassin AA, Alwani M, Talib R, Almehmadi Y, Nettleship JE, Alrumaihi K, Albaba B, Kelly DM, Saad F. Long-term testosterone therapy improves liver parameters and steatosis in hypogonadal men: a prospective controlled registry study. Aging Male 2020; 23:1553-1563. [PMID: 33439074 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2020.1867094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and both are prevalent in men with testosterone deficiency. Long-term effects of testosterone therapy (TTh) on NAFLD are not well studied. This observational, prospective, cumulative registry study assesses long-term effects of testosterone undecanoate (TU) on hepatic physiology and function in 505 hypogonadal men (T levels ≤350 ng/dL). Three hundred and twenty one men received TU 1000 mg/12 weeks for up to 12 years following an initial 6-week interval (T-group), while 184 who opted against TTh served as controls (C-group). T-group patients exhibited decreased fatty liver index (FLI, calculated according to Mayo Clinic guidelines) (83.6 ± 12.08 to 66.91 ± 19.38), γ-GT (39.31 ± 11.62 to 28.95 ± 7.57 U/L), bilirubin (1.64 ± 4.13 to 1.21 ± 1.89 mg/dL) and triglycerides (252.35 ± 90.99 to 213 ± 65.91 mg/dL) over 12 years. Waist circumference and body mass index were also reduced in the T-group (107.17 ± 9.64 to 100.34 ± 9.03 cm and 31.51 ± 4.32 to 29.03 ± 3.77 kg/m2). There were 25 deaths (7.8%) in the T-group of which 11 (44%) were cardiovascular related. In contrast, 28 patients (15.2%) died in C-group, and all deaths (100%) were attributed to CVD. These data suggest that long-term TTh improves hepatic steatosis and liver function in hypogonadal men. Improvements in liver function may have contributed to reduced CVD-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksam A Yassin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology & Men's Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medical School (WCM-Q), Doha, Qatar
- Center of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Urology & Andrology, Andrology Program, Norderstedt, Germany
| | - Mustafa Alwani
- School of Medicine, University of Science and Technology Jordan, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Riadh Talib
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology & Men's Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medical School (WCM-Q), Doha, Qatar
| | - Yousef Almehmadi
- Institute of Urology & Andrology, Andrology Program, Norderstedt, Germany
- Rabigh Medical College, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanne E Nettleship
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Khalid Alrumaihi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology/Andrology & Men's Health, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medical School (WCM-Q), Doha, Qatar
- Center of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bassam Albaba
- Center of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel M Kelly
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Biomolecular Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Farid Saad
- Center of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
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27
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Baik M, Jeong JY, Park SJ, Yoo SP, Lee JO, Lee JS, Haque MN, Lee HJ. Testosterone deficiency caused by castration increases adiposity in male rats in a tissue-specific and diet-dependent manner. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:14. [PMID: 32807074 PMCID: PMC7433145 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Testosterone deficiency in men is clinically associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, which manifests as obesity, hepatic steatosis, and type-2 diabetes. We investigated the effects of castration-induced testosterone deficiency on body adiposity and the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and glucose uptake and androgen signaling in male rats fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Changes in lipid and glucose metabolism and androgen signaling were investigated at physiological and molecular levels in the muscle, liver, and adipose tissues of non-castrated and castrated rats under ND or HFD feeding. Results Castration-induced testosterone deficiency predisposed animals on ND to early development of fatty liver by activating fatty acid (FA) synthesis, whereas HFD activated hepatic FA uptake CD36 expression, leading to the development of hepatic steatosis. In rats fed ND, castration induced muscle fat accumulation by activating CD36 expression. In the subcutaneous fat of ND-fed rats, castration increased adiposity and the expression of FA synthesis-related genes, but it decreased glucose transporter gene expression. In the abdominal fat of rats fed ND, castration increased adiposity by upregulating FA synthesis-related genes, and HFD promoted adiposity by inducing FA uptake, glucose transporter, and FA synthesis-related gene expression. In rats fed ND, castration decreased body growth and muscle weight and downregulated the expression of genes androgen signaling in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Conclusions Testosterone deficiency increases adiposity in a tissue-specific and diet-dependent manner. Testosterone deficiency decreases body and muscle weights and downregulates androgen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggi Baik
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Institutes of Green Bio Science Technology, Pyeongchang-daero, Daehwa-myeon, Pyoengchang-gun, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Young Jeong
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ju Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Pil Yoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Oh Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Najmul Haque
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
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28
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Klaver M, de Mutsert R, van der Loos MATC, Wiepjes CM, Twisk JWR, den Heijer M, Rotteveel J, Klink DT. Hormonal Treatment and Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Transgender Adolescents. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-0741. [PMID: 32102929 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The effects of endocrinological treatment on cardiovascular risk profile in transgender adolescents are unknown. In this retrospective cohort study, we aim to investigate these effects and assess obesity and dyslipidemia prevalence in transgender adolescents at 22 years compared with peers. METHODS Changes in BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid values during treatment, along with the prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia at 22 years, were recorded in 71 transwomen and 121 transmen who started gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in their adolescence (15 years), with a subsequent addition of sex hormones (17 years). RESULTS In transwomen, changes in BMI (+3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6 to 4.4), SBP (-2 mm Hg; 95% CI -7 to 3), DBP (+10 mm Hg; 95% CI 7 to 14), glucose (0.0 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.2 to 0.2), HOMA-IR (+0.6; 95% CI -0.6 to 1.9), and lipid values were similar or more favorable compared with peers. The same was true for transmen regarding changes in BMI (+2.3; 95% CI 1.7 to 2.9), SBP (+7 mm Hg; 95% CI 3 to 10), DBP (+7 mm Hg; 95% CI 5 to 10), glucose (+0.1 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.1 to 0.3), HOMA-IR (-0.2; 95% CI -0.8 to 0.3), and lipid values. At age 22, obesity prevalence was 9.9% in transwomen, 6.6% in transmen, 2.2% in ciswomen, and 3.0% in cismen. CONCLUSIONS Generally, endocrinological treatment in transgender adolescents is safe regarding cardiovascular risk. Because obesity is more prevalent in transgender adolescents compared with peers, body weight management should be important during the medical trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Klaver
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jos W R Twisk
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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29
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Corona G, Isidori AM, Aversa A, Bonomi M, Ferlin A, Foresta C, La Vignera S, Maggi M, Pivonello R, Vignozzi L, Lombardo F. Male and female sexual dysfunction in diabetic subjects: Focus on new antihyperglycemic drugs. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:57-65. [PMID: 31863254 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The association between diabetes mellitus (and its micro- and macro-vascular complications) and erectile dysfunction is widely known and the presence of hypogonadism may further complicate sexual dysfunction and quality of life, given the association between hypogonadism and reduced libido, ejaculatory disorders, and depressive symptoms. However, the recent introduction of novel antidiabetic agents with a wide range of mechanism of action may have a significant impact both on male and female sexuality directly (by inducing side effects as urinary tract infections) and indirectly (improving metabolic status and reducing diabetes complications behind sexual dysfunctions). To date only few papers are reporting the sexual effects of these treatments and, often, these are not comparable in their results. Conversely, female sexual dysfunctions are somehow under-investigated. Data on prevalence is heterogeneous and specific pathogenic mechanisms, as well as the burden of psychological factors, are still heatedly debated. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize current knowledge and stressing out the need to diagnose male and female sexual dysfunctions also in light of the impact of treatments with novel antidiabetic agents. This would highlight the still unmet needs for sexual care in a diabetes care setting and could represent an incentive for future discussions, as well as a required theoretical starting point for studies on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corona
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Largo Nigrisoli 2, 40133, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Bonomi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases and Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", University of Catania, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Division of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Vignozzi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Lombardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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30
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Rojas MM, Villalpando DM, Ferrer M, Alexander‐Aguilera A, García HS. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplemented Diet Influences Serum Markers in Orchidectomized Sprague‐Dawley Rats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mibsam Margot Rojas
- UNIDA Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico/Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz M. A. de Quevedo 2779, Colonia Formando Hogar Veracruz Veracruz 91897 México
| | - Diva María Villalpando
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4 Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4 Madrid 28029 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain
| | - Alfonso Alexander‐Aguilera
- Facultad de Bioanálisis Universidad Veracruzana Carmen Serdán s/n, Col. Flores Magón Veracruz 91700 México
| | - Hugo Sergio García
- UNIDA Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico/Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz M. A. de Quevedo 2779, Colonia Formando Hogar Veracruz Veracruz 91897 México
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31
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Morgentaler A, Traish A, Hackett G, Jones TH, Ramasamy R. Diagnosis and Treatment of Testosterone Deficiency: Updated Recommendations From the Lisbon 2018 International Consultation for Sexual Medicine. Sex Med Rev 2019; 7:636-649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Li J, Ren F, Li Y, Luo J, Pang G. Chlorpyrifos Induces Metabolic Disruption by Altering Levels of Reproductive Hormones. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10553-10562. [PMID: 31490076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphorus pesticide and detected frequently in fruits, vegetables, as well as in urine and blood in humans. Studies have suggested that CPF can induce metabolic disruption, such as type-2 diabetes mellitus and changed body weight. The main mechanisms are based on oxidative damage, fatty-acid synthesis, and lipid peroxidation. Studies have also shown that CPF can change reproductive hormone (RH) levels. CPF might result in metabolic disorders through altered RH levels. Here, we review the studies showing that CFP causes metabolic disruption. Then, we present the studies showing that CFP changes RH levels. Finally, we discuss a potential pathway of how CPF elicits metabolic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing 100096 , China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410114 , China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , Beijing University of Agriculture , Beijing 100096 , China
| | - Guofang Pang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
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33
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Zou D, Meng X, Wang B, Dai Y, Yang R, Suo Y, Wu Y, Yang W, Lin R. Analysis of pharmacological mechanisms and targets mining of Wuzi-Yanzong-Wan for treating non-obstructive oligoasthenospermia. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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34
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Jones TH, Kelly DM. Randomized controlled trials - mechanistic studies of testosterone and the cardiovascular system. Asian J Androl 2019; 20:120-130. [PMID: 29442075 PMCID: PMC5858094 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency is common in men with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) have reported beneficial effects of testosterone therapy on exercise-induced cardiac ischemia in chronic stable angina, functional exercise capacity, maximum oxygen consumption during exercise (VO2max) and muscle strength in chronic heart failure (CHF), shortening of the Q-T interval, and improvement of some cardiovascular risk factors. Testosterone deficiency is associated with an adverse CV risk profile and mortality. Clinical and scientific studies have provided mechanistic evidence to support and explain the findings of the RCTs. Testosterone is a rapid-onset arterial vasodilator within the coronary circulation and other vascular beds including the pulmonary vasculature and can reduce the overall peripheral systemic vascular resistance. Evidence has demonstrated that testosterone mediates this effect on vascular reactivity through calcium channel blockade (L-calcium channel) and stimulates potassium channel opening by direct nongenomic mechanisms. Testosterone also stimulates repolarization of cardiac myocytes by stimulating the ultra-rapid potassium channel-operated current. Testosterone improves cardiac output, functional exercise capacity, VO2max and vagally mediated arterial baroreceptor cardiac reflex sensitivity in CHF, and other mechanisms. Independent of the benefit of testosterone on cardiac function, testosterone substitution may also increase skeletal muscle glucose metabolism and enhance muscular strength, both factors that could contribute to the improvement in functional exercise capacity may include improved glucose metabolism and muscle strength. Testosterone improves metabolic CV risk factors including body composition, insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia by improving both glucose utilization and lipid metabolism by a combination of genomic and nongenomic actions of glucose uptake and utilization expression of the insulin receptor, glucose transporters, and expression on regulatory enzymes of key metabolic pathways. The effect on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) differs between studies in that it has been found to fall, rise, or have no change in levels. Testosterone replacement can suppress the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulate the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) which has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic actions in men with CVD. No effect on C-reactive protein has been detected. No adverse effects on clotting factors have been detected. RCTs have not clearly demonstrated any significant evidence that testosterone improves or adversely affects the surrogate markers of atherosclerosis such as reduction in carotid intima thickness or coronary calcium deposition. Any effect of testosterone on prevention or amelioration of atherosclerosis is likely to occur over years as shown in statin therapy trials and not months as used in testosterone RCTs. The weight of evidence from long-term epidemiological studies supports a protective effect as evidenced by a reduction in major adverse CV events (MACEs) and mortality in studies which have treated men with testosterone deficiency. No RCT where testosterone has been replaced to the normal healthy range has reported a significant benefit or adverse effect on MACE nor has any recent meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hugh Jones
- Robert Hague Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Barnsley, UK.,Academic Unit of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel M Kelly
- Academic Unit of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK.,Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Salzano A, D'Assante R, Lander M, Arcopinto M, Bossone E, Suzuki T, Cittadini A. Hormonal Replacement Therapy in Heart Failure: Focus on Growth Hormone and Testosterone. Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15:377-391. [PMID: 31079696 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence led to the hypothesis that heart failure (HF) could be considered a multiple hormone deficiency syndrome. Deficiencies in the main anabolic axes cannot be considered as mere epiphenomena, are very common in HF, and are clearly associated with poor cardiovascular performance and outcomes. Growth hormone deficiency and testosterone deficiency play a pivotal role and the replacement treatment is an innovative therapy that should be considered. This article appraises the current evidence regarding growth hormone and testosterone deficiencies in HF and reviews novel findings about the treatment of these conditions in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salzano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80138, Italy
| | | | - Mark Lander
- Department of Acute Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Michele Arcopinto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80138, Italy; Emergency Department, A Cardarelli Hospital, Via Cardarelli 9, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Cardiology Division, A Cardarelli Hospital, Via Cardarelli 9, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80138, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (CRIB), Piazzale Tecchio 80, Naples 80125, Italy.
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Misra BB, Puppala SR, Comuzzie AG, Mahaney MC, VandeBerg JL, Olivier M, Cox LA. Analysis of serum changes in response to a high fat high cholesterol diet challenge reveals metabolic biomarkers of atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214487. [PMID: 30951537 PMCID: PMC6450610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by an accumulation of macrophages, lipids, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, and, in advanced stages, necrotic debris within the arterial walls. Dietary habits such as high fat and high cholesterol (HFHC) consumption are known risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, the key metabolic contributors to diet-induced atherosclerosis are far from established. Herein, we investigate the role of a 2-year HFHC diet challenge in the metabolic changes of development and progression of atherosclerosis. We used a non-human primate (NHP) model (baboons, n = 60) fed a HFHC diet for two years and compared metabolomic profiles in serum from animals on baseline chow with serum collected after the challenge diet using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (2D GC-ToF-MS) for untargeted metabolomic analysis, to quantify metabolites that contribute to atherosclerotic lesion formation. Further, clinical biomarkers associated with atherosclerosis, lipoprotein measures, fat indices, and arterial plaque formation (lesions) were quantified. Using two chemical derivatization (i.e., silylation) approaches, we quantified 321 metabolites belonging to 66 different metabolic pathways, which revealed significantly different metabolic profiles of HFHC diet and chow diet fed baboon sera. We found heritability of two important metabolites, lactic acid and asparagine, in the context of diet-induced metabolic changes. In addition, abundance of cholesterol, lactic acid, and asparagine were sex-dependent. Finally, 35 metabolites correlated (R2, 0.068-0.271, P < 0.05) with total lesion burden assessed in three arteries (aortic arch, common iliac artery, and descending aorta) which could serve as potential biomarkers pending further validation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting sex-specific and heritable metabolites in NHPs with diet-induced atherosclerosis using untargeted metabolomics allowing understanding of atherosclerotic disease progression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B. Misra
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sobha R. Puppala
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Michael C. Mahaney
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - John L. VandeBerg
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute and Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Shiraishi K, Matsuyama H. Klinefelter syndrome: From pediatrics to geriatrics. Reprod Med Biol 2019; 18:140-150. [PMID: 30996677 PMCID: PMC6452011 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is one of the major causes of nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) is often performed to retrieve sperm. Infertility specialists have to care for KS patients on a lifelong basis. METHODS Based on a literature review and our own experience, male infertility treatment and KS pathophysiology were considered on a lifelong basis. MAIN FINDINGS Patients diagnosed early often have an increased number of aberrant X chromosomes. Cryptorchidism and hypospadias are often found, and surgical correction is required. Cryopreservation of testicular sperm during adolescence is an issue of debate because the sperm retrieval rate (SRR) in KS patients decreases with age. The SRR in adult KS patients is higher than that in other patients with NOA; however, low testosterone levels after micro-TESE will lower the general health and quality of life. KS men face a number of comorbidities, such as malignancies, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, bone disease, and immune diseases, which ultimately results in increased mortality rates. CONCLUSION A deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of KS and the histories of KS patients before they seek infertility treatment, during which discussions with multidisciplinary teams are sometimes needed, will help to properly treat these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Shiraishi
- Department of UrologyYamaguchi University School of MedicineUbeJapan
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Banihani SA. Effect of Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation on Testosterone. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040172. [PMID: 30551653 PMCID: PMC6316376 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing testosterone production in males is a continuous research direction for many scientists in the field, due to its role as a principal sex hormone and as a crucial modulator of well-being and general health in humans. Since 1978, there have been more than 30 studies that have connected coenzyme Q10 and testosterone. Such a link is attributable to the vigorous biological role of coenzyme Q10 as a crucial member in the energy production route in humans and animals, which is thought to have a positive influence on testosterone production, and hence on infertility, particularly male infertility. However, this connection has not yet been deliberated. The present work systematically reviews and summarizes the influence of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on testosterone. To accomplish this purpose, the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords “coenzyme Q10” versus “testosterone” for English language papers from November 1978 through October 2018. Relevant articles were also discussed and included to address an integral discussion. In summary, to date the studies conducted on human males reveal insignificant effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on testosterone. Similarly, rather than the reproductive toxicity studies, the studies conducted on animals did not show any positive influence of coenzyme Q10 on testosterone. However, coenzyme Q10 supplementation was found to ameliorate the reduction in testosterone induced by chemical reproductive toxicants, mainly by neutralizing the damaging effect of the generated free radicals. However, collectively these findings require further confirmation by additional research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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High Estradiol Differentially Affects the Expression of the Glucose Transporter Type 4 in Pelvic Floor Muscles of Rats. Int Neurourol J 2018; 22:161-168. [PMID: 30286578 PMCID: PMC6177727 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1836116.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the relationship between serum estradiol levels and the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) in the pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus muscles in female rats. METHODS The muscles were excised from virgin rats during the metestrus and proestrus stages of the estrous cycle, and from sham and ovariectomized rats implanted with empty or estradiol benzoate-filled capsules. The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) was inspected in the muscles at metestrus and proestrus. Relative Glut4 expression, glycogen content, and serum glucose levels were measured. Appropriate statistical tests were done to identify significant differences (P≤0.05). RESULTS The pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus muscles expressed ERα and ERβ. Glut4 expression and glycogen content in the pubococcygeus muscle were higher at proestrus than at metestrus. No significant changes were observed in the iliococcygeus muscle. In ovariectomized rats, the administration of estradiol benzoate increased Glut4 expression and glycogen content in the pubococcygeus muscle alone. CONCLUSION High serum estradiol levels increased Glut4 expression and glycogen content in the pubococcygeus muscle, but not in the iliococcygeus muscle.
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40
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Salzano A, D'Assante R, Heaney LM, Monaco F, Rengo G, Valente P, Pasquali D, Bossone E, Gianfrilli D, Lenzi A, Cittadini A, Marra AM, Napoli R. Klinefelter syndrome, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes: review of literature and clinical perspectives. Endocrine 2018; 61:194-203. [PMID: 29572708 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Klinefelter syndrome (KS), the most frequent chromosomic abnormality in males, is associated with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The mechanisms involved in increasing risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are not completely understood. This review summarises the current understandings of the complex relationship between KS, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in order to plan future studies and improve current strategies to reduce mortality in this high-risk population. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for manuscripts published prior to November 2017 using key words "Klinefelter syndrome" AND "insulin resistance" OR "metabolic syndrome" OR "diabetes mellitus" OR "cardiovascular disease" OR "testosterone". Manuscripts were collated, studied and carried forward for discussion where appropriate. RESULTS Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes are more frequently diagnosed in KS than in the general population; however, the contribution of hypogonadism to metabolic derangement is highly controversial. Whether this dangerous combination of risk factors fully explains the CVD burden of KS patients remains unclear. In addition, testosterone replacement therapy only exerts a marginal action on the CVD system. CONCLUSION Since fat accumulation and distribution seem to play a relevant role in triggering metabolic abnormalities, an early diagnosis and a tailored intervention strategy with drugs aimed at targeting excessive visceral fat deposition appear necessary in patients with KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salzano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Liam M Heaney
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Valente
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pasquali
- Department of Neurological, Metabolic, and Geriatric Science, Endocrinology Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cittadini
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Raffaele Napoli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
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Jardí F, Laurent MR, Dubois V, Kim N, Khalil R, Decallonne B, Vanderschueren D, Claessens F. Androgen and estrogen actions on male physical activity: a story beyond muscle. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:R31-R52. [PMID: 29743340 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a pandemic that contributes to several chronic diseases and poses a significant burden on health care systems worldwide. The search for effective strategies to combat sedentary behavior has led to an intensification of the research efforts to unravel the biological substrate controlling activity. A wide body of preclinical evidence makes a strong case for sex steroids regulating physical activity in both genders, albeit the mechanisms implicated remain unclear. The beneficial effects of androgens on muscle as well as on other peripheral functions might play a role in favoring adaptation to exercise. Alternatively or in addition, sex steroids could act on specific brain circuitries to boost physical activity. This review critically discusses the evidence supporting a role for androgens and estrogens stimulating male physical activity, with special emphasis on the possible role of peripheral and/or central mechanisms. Finally, the potential translation of these findings to humans is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Jardí
- Clinical and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michaël R Laurent
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Gerontology and GeriatricsDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Dubois
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nari Kim
- Clinical and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rougin Khalil
- Clinical and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Decallonne
- Clinical and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Clinical and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology LaboratoryDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Gevi F, Fanelli G, Zolla L. Metabolic patterns in insulin-resistant male hypogonadism. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:671. [PMID: 29867095 PMCID: PMC5986816 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Male hypogonadism associated with insulin resistance (IR) very often leads to metabolic syndrome, at variance with hypogonadism in its first stadium of insulin sensitivity (IS). A plasma metabolomic investigation of these patients can provide useful information in comparison with the values of IS patients. To this aim plasma from insulin-resistant males with hypogonadism were analysed by using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Thus, metabolites were compared to the controls through multivariate statistical analysis and grouped by metabolic pathways. Metabolite database searches and pathway analyses identified imbalances in 18-20 metabolic pathways. Glucose metabolism (e.g., glycolysis and the Krebs cycle) is fuelled by amino acids degradation, in particular of branched amino acids, in individuals with lean body mass. Gluconeogenesis is strongly activated. Some crucial pathways such as glycerol are skewed. Mitochondrial electron transport is affected with a reduction in ATP production. Beta-oxidation of short and medium chain fatty acids did not represent an energy source in hypogonadism, at variance with long and branched fatty acids, justifying the increase in fat mass. Carnosine and β-alanine are strongly reduced resulting in increased fatigue and mental confusion. A comparison of IR with IS male hypogonadism will contribute to a better understanding of how these two hormones work in synergy or antagonise each other in humans. It could also help to select patients who will respond to hormone treatment, and provide accurate biomarkers to measure the response to treatment eventually leading to better strategies in preventing systemic complications in patients not fit for hormone replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gevi
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Fanelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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Fanelli G, Gevi F, Belardo A, Zolla L. Metabolic patterns in insulin-sensitive male hypogonadism. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:653. [PMID: 29844353 PMCID: PMC5974275 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Male hypogonadism is a disorder characterised by low levels of the hormone testosterone. At beginning subjects with low levels of testosterone do not show insulin resistance (insulin-sensitive patients), which develops over time (insulin-resistance patients). To analyse the metabolic alterations mainly related to decreased testosterone, we performed metabolomics investigations on the plasma of males with hypogonadism who showed normal insulin levels. Plasma from patients with low testosterone (<8 nmol/l) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin-resistance-index (HOMAi) < 2.5, as well as matched controls, was analysed by UHPLC and mass spectrometry. Then metabolites were then subjected to multivariate statistical analysis and grouped by metabolic pathways. Glycolysis was not altered, as expected for the presence of insulin activity, but imbalances in several other pathways were found, such as the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), glycerol shuttle, malate shuttle, Krebs cycle (TCA) and lipid metabolism. The PPP was significantly upregulated. Moreover, while the first steps of the Krebs cycle were downregulated, 2-oxoglutarate was replenished via glutaminolysis. Since glutaminolysis leads to an activation of the malate aspartate cycle, greater amounts of NADH and ATP with respect to the control were recorded. The activation of the glycerol shuttle was also recorded, with consequent lower triglyceride production and downregulation of beta-oxidation. This explained the moderately increased dyslipidaemia, as well as the mild increase in body mass index (BMI) observed in insulin-sensitive hypogonadism. Finally, a significant decrease in carnosine was recorded, explaining the muscle weakness commonly observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Fanelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Federica Gevi
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonio Belardo
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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Jia Y, Yee JK, Wang C, Nikolaenko L, Diaz-Arjonilla M, Cohen JN, French SW, Liu PY, Lue Y, Lee WNP, Swerdloff RS. Testosterone protects high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in castrated male rats mainly via modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E366-E376. [PMID: 28928235 PMCID: PMC5966753 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00124.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that testosterone (T) deficiency enhanced high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis in rats independent of insulin resistance and that T replacement reduced hepatic macrovesicular fat accumulation and inflammation. The present report explores the mechanism of T's protective effects on HFD-induced steatohepatitis. Adult male rats were randomized into four treatment groups for 15 wk: intact rats on regular chow diet or HFD, and castrated rats on HFD with or without T replacement. Fatty acid β-oxidation and de novo synthesis were not changed by castration and T replacement, but expression of lipid export proteins ApoB100 and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) was suppressed by HFD in both intact and castrated rats but restored by T replacement. Macrovesicular lipid droplet-related proteins perilipin 1 and fat-specific protein 27 were increased by HFD in castrated rats and suppressed by T replacement. Higher activation/expression of ER stress proteins (PERK, IRE-1α, JNK, NF-κB, and CHOP) was demonstrated in castrated rats fed HFD compared with intact animals, and T replacement suppressed these changes. We conclude that 1) HFD leads to ApoB100/MTP suppression reducing export of lipids; 2) castration promotes progression to steatohepatitis through activation of the ER stress pathway and enhancement of macrovesicular droplet protein expression; and 3) testosterone suppresses ER stress, inhibits the formation of macrovesicular lipid droplets, promotes lipid export, and ameliorates steatohepatitis induced by HFD and castration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Jennifer K Yee
- Department and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Christina Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Liana Nikolaenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Maruja Diaz-Arjonilla
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Joshua N Cohen
- Department and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Peter Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - YanHe Lue
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Wai-Nang P Lee
- Department and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
| | - Ronald S Swerdloff
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute , Torrance, California
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Dimitriadis GK, Randeva HS, Aftab S, Ali A, Hattersley JG, Pandey S, Grammatopoulos DK, Valsamakis G, Mastorakos G, Jones TH, Barber TM. Metabolic phenotype of male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism pre-replacement and post-replacement therapy with intra-muscular testosterone undecanoate therapy. Endocrine 2018; 60:175-184. [PMID: 29396841 PMCID: PMC5845623 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the metabolic phenotype of obesity-related secondary hypogonadism (SH) in men pre-replacement and post-replacement therapy with long-acting intramuscular (IM) testosterone undecanoate (TU). METHODS A prospective observational pilot study on metabolic effects of TU IM in male obesity-related SH (hypogonadal [HG] group, n = 13), including baseline comparisons with controls (eugonadal [EG] group, n = 15). Half the subjects (n = 7 in each group) had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Baseline metabolic assessment on Human Metabolism Research Unit: fasting blood samples; BodPod (body composition), and; whole-body indirect calorimetry. The HG group was treated with TU IM therapy for 6-29 months (mean 14.8-months [SD 8.7]), and assessment at the Human Metabolism Research Unit repeated. T-test comparisons were performed between baseline and follow-up data (HG group), and between baseline data (HG and EG groups). Data reported as mean (SD). RESULTS Overall, TU IM therapy resulted in a statistically significant improvement in HbA1C (9 mmol/mol, P = 0.03), with 52% improvement in HOMA%B. Improvement in glycaemic control was driven by the HG subgroup with T2D, with 18 mmol/mol [P = 0.02] improvement in HbA1C. Following TU IM therapy, there was a statistically significant reduction in fat mass (3.5 Kg, P = 0.03) and increase in lean body mass (2.9 kg, P = 0.03). Lipid profiles and energy expenditure were unchanged following TU IM therapy. Comparisons between baseline data for HG and EG groups were equivalent apart from differences in testosterone, SHBG and basal metabolic rate (BMR). CONCLUSION In men with obesity-related SH (including a subgroup with T2D), TU IM therapy improved glycaemic control, beta cell function, and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM) and the Human Metabolism Research Unit (HMRU), UHCW NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- Division of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM) and the Human Metabolism Research Unit (HMRU), UHCW NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Saboor Aftab
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM) and the Human Metabolism Research Unit (HMRU), UHCW NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Asad Ali
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - John G Hattersley
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM) and the Human Metabolism Research Unit (HMRU), UHCW NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sarojini Pandey
- Pathology Labs, UHCW NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Dimitris K Grammatopoulos
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- Pathology Labs, UHCW NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieio University Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieio University Hospital, Athens Medical School, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - T Hugh Jones
- Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barnsley District General Hospital, Gawber Road, Barnsley, S75 2EP, UK
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Univerity of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Thomas M Barber
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM) and the Human Metabolism Research Unit (HMRU), UHCW NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
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Yao QM, Wang B, An XF, Zhang JA, Ding L. Testosterone level and risk of type 2 diabetes in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:220-231. [PMID: 29233816 PMCID: PMC5793809 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for testosterone deficiency and impaired sex steroid status. Some studies also investigated the association of testosterone level with diabetes risk in men, but reported controversial findings. To clarify this issue, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched for eligible cohort or nested case-control studies published up to August 15, 2017. Meta-analysis was used to calculate the pooled relative risk (RR) of type 2 diabetes associated with higher testosterone level. RESULTS Thirteen cohort or nested case-control studies with 16,709 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that higher total testosterone level could significantly decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes in men (RR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.50-0.84; P = 0.001), and higher free testosterone level could also decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes in men (RR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.90-0.99; P = 0.014). After excluding two studies that did not calculate RRs by quartiles of testosterone levels, both higher total testosterone and free testosterone levels could decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes in men, and the pooled RRs were 0.62 (95% CI 0.51-0.76; P < 0.001) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.61-0.98; P = 0.03), respectively. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that higher testosterone level can significantly decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Therefore, combined with previous researches, the findings above suggest a reverse-causality scenario in the relation between testosterone deficiency and risk of type 2 diabetes in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ming Yao
- Department of EndocrinologyJinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyJinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fei An
- Department of EndocrinologyJinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liumei Ding
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Traish AM. Benefits and Health Implications of Testosterone Therapy in Men With Testosterone Deficiency. Sex Med Rev 2017; 6:86-105. [PMID: 29128268 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testosterone (T) deficiency (TD; hypogonadism) has deleterious effects on men's health; negatively affects glycometabolic and cardiometabolic functions, body composition, and bone mineral density; contributes to anemia and sexual dysfunction; and lowers quality of life. T therapy (TTh) has been used for the past 8 decades to treat TD, with positive effects on signs and symptoms of TD. AIM To summarize the health benefits of TTh in men with TD. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, articles relevant to TTh were accessed and evaluated, and a comprehensive summary was synthesized. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Improvements in signs and symptoms of TD reported in observational studies, registries, clinical trials, and meta-analyses were reviewed and summarized. RESULTS A large body of evidence provides significant valuable information pertaining to the therapeutic value of TTh in men with TD. TTh in men with TD provides real health benefits for bone mineral density, anemia, sexual function, glycometabolic and cardiometabolic function, and improvements in body composition, anthropometric parameters, and quality of life. CONCLUSION TTh in the physiologic range for men with TD is a safe and effective therapeutic modality and imparts great benefits on men's health and quality of life. Traish AM. Benefits and Health Implications of Testosterone Therapy in Men With Testosterone Deficiency. Sex Med Rev 2018;6:86-105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmaged M Traish
- Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boson, MA, USA.
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Sadowska-Krępa E, Kłapcińska B, Jagsz S, Nowara A, Szołtysek-Bołdys I, Chalimoniuk M, Langfort J, Chrapusta SJ. High-dose testosterone enanthate supplementation boosts oxidative stress, but exerts little effect on the antioxidant barrier in sedentary adolescent male rat liver. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:673-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Negative Impact of Testosterone Deficiency and 5α-Reductase Inhibitors Therapy on Metabolic and Sexual Function in Men. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:473-526. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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