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For: Gjevestad GO, Holven KB, Ulven SM. Effects of Exercise on Gene Expression of Inflammatory Markers in Human Peripheral Blood Cells: A Systematic Review. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 2015;9:34. [PMID: 26005511 PMCID: PMC4439514 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-015-0463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]

For:	Gjevestad GO, Holven KB, Ulven SM. Effects of Exercise on Gene Expression of Inflammatory Markers in Human Peripheral Blood Cells: A Systematic Review. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 2015;9:34. [PMID: 26005511 PMCID: PMC4439514 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-015-0463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]

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Cited by Other Article(s)

Li W, Chen L, Mohammad Sajadi S, Baghaei S, Salahshour S. The impact of acute and chronic aerobic and resistance exercise on stem cell mobilization: A review of effects in healthy and diseased individuals across different age groups. Regen Ther 2024;27:464-481. [PMID: 38745840 PMCID: PMC11091462 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open

Abstract

Stem cells (SCs) play a crucial role in tissue repair, regeneration, and maintaining physiological homeostasis. Exercise mobilizes and enhances the function of SCs. This review examines the effects of acute and chronic aerobic and resistance exercise on the population of SCs in healthy and diseased individuals across different age groups. Both acute intense exercise and moderate regular training increase circulating precursor cells CD34+ and, in particular, the subset of angiogenic progenitor cells (APCs) CD34+/KDR+. Conversely, chronic exercise training has conflicting effects on circulating CD34+ cells and their function, which are likely influenced by exercise dosage, the health status of the participants, and the methodologies employed. While acute activity promotes transient mobilization, regular exercise often leads to an increased number of progenitors and more sustainable functionality. Short interventions lasting 10-21 days mobilize CD34+/KDR + APCs in sedentary elderly individuals, indicating the inherent capacity of the body to rapidly activate tissue-reparative SCs during activity. However, further investigation is needed to determine the optimal exercise regimens for enhancing SC mobilization, elucidating the underlying mechanisms, and establishing functional benefits for health and disease prevention. Current evidence supports the integration of intense exercise with chronic training in exercise protocols aimed at activating the inherent regenerative potential through SC mobilization. The physical activity promotes endogenous repair processes, and research on exercise protocols that effectively mobilize SCs can provide innovative guidelines designed for lifelong tissue regeneration. An artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to estimate the effects of modifying elderly individuals and implementing chronic resistance exercise on stem cell mobilization and its impact on individuals and exercise. The network's predictions were validated using linear regression and found to be acceptable compared to experimental results.

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Agustiningsih D, Wibawa T. Demystifying roles of exercise in immune response regulation against acute respiratory infections: A narrative review. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024;6:139-153. [PMID: 38708320 PMCID: PMC11067861 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open

Bondar G, Mahapatra AD, Bao TM, Silacheva I, Hairapetian A, Vu T, Su S, Katappagari A, Galan L, Chandran J, Adamov R, Mancusi L, Lai I, Rahman A, Grogan T, Hsu JJ, Cappelletti M, Ping P, Elashoff D, Reed EF, Deng MC. An Exercise Immune Fitness Test to Unravel Disease Mechanisms-A Proof-of-Concept Heart Failure Study. J Clin Med 2024;13:3200. [PMID: 38892912 PMCID: PMC11172881 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open

Abstract

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness positively correlates with longevity and immune health. Regular exercise may provide health benefits by reducing systemic inflammation. In chronic disease conditions, such as chronic heart failure and chronic fatigue syndrome, mechanistic links have been postulated between inflammation, muscle weakness, frailty, catabolic/anabolic imbalance, and aberrant chronic activation of immunity with monocyte upregulation. We hypothesize that (1) temporal changes in transcriptome profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during strenuous acute bouts of exercise using cardiopulmonary exercise testing are present in adult subjects, (2) these temporal dynamic changes are different between healthy persons and heart failure patients and correlate with clinical exercise-parameters and (3) they portend prognostic information. Methods: In total, 16 Heart Failure (HF) patients and 4 healthy volunteers (HV) were included in our proof-of-concept study. All participants underwent upright bicycle cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Blood samples were collected at three time points (TP) (TP1: 30 min before, TP2: peak exercise, TP3: 1 h after peak exercise). We divided 20 participants into 3 clinically relevant groups of cardiorespiratory fitness, defined by peak VO2: HV (n = 4, VO2 ≥ 22 mL/kg/min), mild HF (HF1) (n = 7, 14 < VO2 < 22 mL/kg/min), and severe HF (HF2) (n = 9, VO2 ≤ 14 mL/kg/min). Results: Based on the statistical analysis with 20-100% restriction, FDR correction (p-value 0.05) and 2.0-fold change across the three time points (TP1, TP2, TP3) criteria, we obtained 11 differentially expressed genes (DEG). Out of these 11 genes, the median Gene Expression Profile value decreased from TP1 to TP2 in 10 genes. The only gene that did not follow this pattern was CCDC181. By performing 1-way ANOVA, we identified 8/11 genes in each of the two groups (HV versus HF) while 5 of the genes (TTC34, TMEM119, C19orf33, ID1, TKTL2) overlapped between the two groups. We found 265 genes which are differentially expressed between those who survived and those who died. Conclusions: From our proof-of-concept heart failure study, we conclude that gene expression correlates with VO2 peak in both healthy individuals and HF patients, potentially by regulating various physiological processes involved in oxygen uptake and utilization during exercise. Multi-omics profiling may help identify novel biomarkers for assessing exercise capacity and prognosis in HF patients, as well as potential targets for therapeutic intervention to improve VO2 peak and quality of life. We anticipate that our results will provide a novel metric for classifying immune health.

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Affiliation(s)

Galyna Bondar David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Abhinandan Das Mahapatra Strand NGS, Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., San Francisco, CA 94104, USA;
Tra-Mi Bao David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Irina Silacheva David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Adrian Hairapetian David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Thomas Vu David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Stephanie Su David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Ananya Katappagari David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Liana Galan David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Joshua Chandran David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Ruben Adamov David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Lorenzo Mancusi David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Isabel Lai David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Anca Rahman David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Tristan Grogan David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Jeffrey J. Hsu David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Monica Cappelletti David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Peipei Ping David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
David Elashoff David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Elaine F. Reed David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)
Mario C. Deng David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (G.B.); (T.-M.B.); (I.S.); (A.H.); (T.V.); (S.S.); (A.K.); (L.G.); (J.C.); (R.A.); (L.M.); (I.L.); (A.R.); (T.G.); (J.J.H.); (M.C.); (P.P.); (D.E.); (E.F.R.)

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Jin JJ, Ko IG, Hwang L, Kim SH, Jee YS, Jeon H, Park SB, Jeon JW. Simultaneous Treatment of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid and Treadmill Exercise More Effectively Improves Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25:5076. [PMID: 38791116 PMCID: PMC11120947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open

Reis ASLDS, Furtado GE, Menuchi MRTP, Borges GF. The Impact of Exercise on Interleukin-6 to Counteract Immunosenescence: Methodological Quality and Overview of Systematic Reviews. Healthcare (Basel) 2024;12:954. [PMID: 38786366 PMCID: PMC11121001 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open

Franzoni LT, Bastos da Motta S, Carvalho G, Costa RR, Ahner MM, Lumertz Saffi MA, Pereira AA, Pereira AH, Donelli da Silveira A, Stein R. Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Biomarkers Responses after Aerobic Training in Heart Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024;20:CCR-EPUB-139511. [PMID: 38571360 PMCID: PMC11337611 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x269909240320061952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open

Affiliation(s)

Leandro Tolfo Franzoni Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Porto Alegre, Brazil Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre, Brazil
Stephanie Bastos da Motta Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Porto Alegre, Brazil Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre, Brazil
Gabriel Carvalho Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Porto Alegre, Brazil Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre, Brazil
Rochelle Rocha Costa Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre, Brazil Universidade de Brasília – UnB – Brasília, DF, Brazil
Mabel Marciela Ahner Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
Marco Aurélio Lumertz Saffi Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Porto Alegre, Brazil Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre, Brazil
Alexandre Araújo Pereira Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
Adamastor Humberto Pereira Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Porto Alegre, Brazil
Anderson Donelli da Silveira Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Porto Alegre, Brazil Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre, Brazil
Ricardo Stein Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Porto Alegre, Brazil Grupo de Pesquisa em Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre, Brazil Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Porto Alegre, Brazil

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Altmäe S, Plaza-Florido A, Esteban FJ, Anguita-Ruiz A, Krjutškov K, Katayama S, Einarsdottir E, Kere J, Radom-Aizik S, Ortega FB. Effects of exercise on whole-blood transcriptome profile in children with overweight/obesity. Am J Hum Biol 2024;36:e23983. [PMID: 37715654 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open

Affiliation(s)

Signe Altmäe Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Abel Plaza-Florido Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada Granada, Granada, Spain Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
Francisco J Esteban Systems Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
Augusto Anguita-Ruiz Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada Granada, Granada, Spain Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, Spain CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Kaarel Krjutškov Competence Centre for Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Shintaro Katayama Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Finland Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
Elisabet Einarsdottir Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
Juha Kere Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Finland Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
Shlomit Radom-Aizik Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
Francisco B Ortega Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada Granada, Granada, Spain Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain

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Kjellberg A, Lindholm ME, Zheng X, Liwenborg L, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Catrina SB, Lindholm P. Comparing the Blood Response to Hyperbaric Oxygen with High-Intensity Interval Training-A Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023;12:2043. [PMID: 38136163 PMCID: PMC10740875 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open

Deng MC. An exercise immune fitness test to unravel mechanisms of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023;19:693-697. [PMID: 37190994 PMCID: PMC10330575 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2214364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]

Thirupathi A, Yong W, Oflaz O, Agascioglu E, Gu Y. Exercise and COVID-19: exercise intensity reassures immunological benefits of post-COVID-19 condition. Front Physiol 2023;14:1036925. [PMID: 37275224 PMCID: PMC10233405 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1036925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open

The physical exercise-induced oxidative/inflammatory response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Signaling cellular energetic stress situations. Life Sci 2023;321:121440. [PMID: 36921686 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]

Bácsi A, Penyige A, Becs G, Benkő S, Kovács EG, Jenei C, Pócsi I, Balla J, Csernoch L, Balatoni I. Whole blood transcriptome characterization of young female triathlon athletes following an endurance exercise: a pilot study. Physiol Genomics 2022;54:457-469. [PMID: 36250559 PMCID: PMC9762975 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00090.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open

Hu S, Wan X, Li X, Wang X. Aerobic exercise alleviates pyroptosis-related diseases by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome. Front Physiol 2022;13:965366. [PMID: 36187801 PMCID: PMC9520335 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.965366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open

Cytokine Profile in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Following Exercise: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022;19:ijerph19138151. [PMID: 35805808 PMCID: PMC9266041 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]

RNA Sequencing of Whole Blood Defines the Signature of High Intensity Exercise at Altitude in Elite Speed Skaters. Genes (Basel) 2022;13:genes13040574. [PMID: 35456380 PMCID: PMC9027771 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open

de França E, dos Santos RVT, Baptista LC, Da Silva MAR, Fukushima AR, Hirota VB, Martins RA, Caperuto EC. Potential Role of Chronic Physical Exercise as a Treatment in the Development of Vitiligo. Front Physiol 2022;13:843784. [PMID: 35360245 PMCID: PMC8960951 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.843784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open

Abstract

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive skin depigmentation and the appearance of white patches throughout the body caused by significant apoptosis of epidermal melanocytes. Despite not causing any physical pain, vitiligo can originate several psychosocial disorders, drastically reducing patients' quality of life. Emerging evidence has shown that vitiligo is associated with several genetic polymorphisms related to auto-reactivity from the immune system to melanocytes. Melanocytes from vitiligo patients suffer from excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by defective mitochondria besides a poor endogenous antioxidant system (EAS). This redox imbalance results in dramatic melanocyte oxidative stress (OS), causing significant damage in proteins, lipid membranes, and DNA. The damaged melanocytes secret damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), inducing and increasing inflammatory gene expression response that ultimately leads to melanocytes apoptosis. Vitiligo severity has been also associated with increasing the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) or associated disorders such as insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia. Thus, suggesting that in genetically predisposed individuals, the environmental context that triggers MetS (i.e., sedentary lifestyle) may also be an important trigger for the development and severity of vitiligo disease. This paper will discuss the relationship between the immune system and epidermal melanocytes and their interplay with the redox system. Based on state-of-the-art evidence from the vitiligo research, physical exercise (PE) immunology, and redox system literature, we will also propose chronic PE as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat and prevent vitiligo disease progression. We will present evidence that chronic PE can change the balance of inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state, improve both EAS and the mitochondrial structure and function (resulting in the decrease of OS). Finally, we will highlight clinically relevant markers that can be analyzed in a new research avenue to test the potential applicability of chronic PE in vitiligo disease.

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Siqueira IR, Basso CG, Pizzolato LS, Cechinel LR, Bertoldi K, Dalpiaz M, de Souza MP, Elsner VR. Correlation Between Inflammatory and Epigenetic Marks With Aerobic Performance in 10-km Runners. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022;93:77-86. [PMID: 32897167 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1798332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]

Rodriguez-Sanchez I, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Laosa O. Long COVID-19: The Need for an Interdisciplinary Approach. Clin Geriatr Med 2022;38:533-544. [PMID: 35868671 PMCID: PMC8934714 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]

Einstein O, Katz A, Ben-Hur T. Physical exercise therapy for autoimmune neuroinflammation: Application of knowledge from animal models to patient care. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022;21:103033. [PMID: 34995760 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]

Plaza-Florido A, Pérez-Prieto I, Molina-Garcia P, Radom-Aizik S, Ortega FB, Altmäe S. Transcriptional and Epigenetic Response to Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Front Pediatr 2022;10:917152. [PMID: 35813370 PMCID: PMC9263076 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.917152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The links of sedentary behavior and physical activity with health outcomes in children and adolescents is well known. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. We aimed to synthesize the current knowledge of the association of sedentary behavior and physical activity (acute and chronic effects) with gene expression and epigenetic modifications in children and adolescents.

METHODS

PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically searched until April 2022. A total of 15 articles were eligible for this review. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews and/or a modified version of the Downs and Black checklist.

RESULTS

Thirteen studies used candidate gene approach, while only 2 studies performed high-throughput analyses. The candidate genes significantly linked to sedentary behavior or physical activity were: FOXP3, HSD11B2, IL-10, TNF-α, ADRB2, VEGF, HSP70, SOX, and GPX. Non-coding Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) regulated by sedentary behavior or physical activity were: miRNA-222, miRNA-146^a, miRNA-16, miRNA-126, miR-320^a, and long non-coding RNA MALAT1. These molecules are involved in inflammation, immune function, angiogenic process, and cardiovascular disease. Transcriptomics analyses detected thousands of genes that were altered following an acute bout of physical activity and are linked to gene pathways related to immune function, apoptosis, and metabolic diseases.

CONCLUSION

The evidence found to date is rather limited. Multidisciplinary studies are essential to characterize the molecular mechanisms in response to sedentary behavior and physical activity in the pediatric population. Larger cohorts and randomized controlled trials, in combination with multi-omics analyses, may provide the necessary data to bring the field forward.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION

[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [CRD42021235431].

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Dwir D, Cabungcal JH, Xin L, Giangreco B, Parietti E, Cleusix M, Jenni R, Klauser P, Conus P, Cuénod M, Steullet P, Do KQ. Timely N-Acetyl-Cysteine and Environmental Enrichment Rescue Oxidative Stress-Induced Parvalbumin Interneuron Impairments via MMP9/RAGE Pathway: A Translational Approach for Early Intervention in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2021;47:1782-1794. [PMID: 34080015 PMCID: PMC8530393 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]

Affiliation(s)

Daniella Dwir Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Jan-Harry Cabungcal Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Lijing Xin Animal Imaging and Technology Core (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Basilio Giangreco Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Enea Parietti Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Martine Cleusix Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Raoul Jenni Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Paul Klauser Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Philippe Conus Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Michel Cuénod Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Pascal Steullet Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
Kim Q Do Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland

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Goldwater DS, Leng M, Karlamangla A, Seeman T, Elashoff D, Wanagat JM, Reuben DB, Lindman BR, Cole S. Baseline pro-inflammatory gene expression in whole blood is related to adverse long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a case control study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021;21:368. [PMID: 34340660 PMCID: PMC8327421 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open

ELKady AH, Elkafoury BM, Saad DA, Abd el-Wahed DM, Baher W, Ahmed MA. Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury: effect of moderate intensity exercise and oxytocin compared to l-arginine in a rat model. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open

Abstract Abstract Background Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is considered as a main cause of liver damage and dysfunction. The l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway seems to be relevant during this process of IR. Although acute intense exercise challenges the liver with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), regular training improves hepatic antioxidant status. Also, oxytocin (Oxy), besides its classical functions, it exhibits a potent antistress, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. This study was designed to evaluate the hepatic functional and structural changes induced by hepatic IR injury in rats and to probe the effect and potential mechanism of moderate intensity exercise training and/or Oxy, in comparison to a nitric oxide donor, l-arginine, against liver IR-induced damage. Results Compared to the sham-operated control group, the hepatic IR group displayed a significant increase in serum levels of ALT and AST, plasma levels of MDA and TNF-α, and significant decrease in plasma TAC and nitrite levels together with the worsening of liver histological picture. L-Arg, Oxy, moderate intensity exercise, and the combination of both Oxy and moderate intensity exercises ameliorated these deleterious effects that were evident by the significant decrease in serum levels of ALT and AST, significant elevation in TAC and nitrite, and significant decline in lipid peroxidation (MDA) and TNF-α, besides regression of histopathological score regarding hepatocyte necrosis, vacuolization, and nuclear pyknosis. Both the moderate intensity exercise-trained group and Oxy-treated group showed a significant decline in TNF-α and nitrite levels as compared to l-Arg-treated group. The Oxy-treated group showed statistical insignificant changes in serum levels of ALT, AST, and plasma levels of nitrite, MDA, TAC, and TNF-α as compared to moderate intensity exercise-trained group. Conclusion The combination of both moderate intensity exercise and Oxy displayed more pronounced hepatoprotection on comparison with l-Arg which could be attributed to their more prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects but not due to their NO-enhancing effect. Collapse

Felipe SMDS, de Freitas RM, Penha EDDS, Pacheco C, Martins DL, Alves JO, Soares PM, Loureiro ACC, Lima T, Silveira LR, Ferraz ASM, de Souza JES, Leal-Cardoso JH, Carvalho DP, Ceccatto VM. Transcriptional profile in rat muscle: down-regulation networks in acute strenuous exercise. PeerJ 2021;9:e10500. [PMID: 33859869 PMCID: PMC8020866 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open

Abstract

Background

Physical exercise is a health promotion factor regulating gene expression and causing changes in phenotype, varying according to exercise type and intensity. Acute strenuous exercise in sedentary individuals appears to induce different transcriptional networks in response to stress caused by exercise. The objective of this research was to investigate the transcriptional profile of strenuous experimental exercise.

Methodology

RNA-Seq was performed with Rattus norvegicus soleus muscle, submitted to strenuous physical exercise on a treadmill with an initial velocity of 0.5 km/h and increments of 0.2 km/h at every 3 min until animal exhaustion. Twenty four hours post-physical exercise, RNA-seq protocols were performed with coverage of 30 million reads per sample, 100 pb read length, paired-end, with a list of counts totaling 12816 genes.

Results

Eighty differentially expressed genes (61 down-regulated and 19 up-regulated) were obtained. Reactome and KEGG database searches revealed the most significant pathways, for down-regulated gene set, were: PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, RAF-MAP kinase, P2Y receptors and Signaling by Erbb2. Results suggest PI3K-AKT pathway inactivation by Hbegf, Fgf1 and Fgr3 receptor regulation, leading to inhibition of cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Cell signaling transcription networks were found in transcriptome. Results suggest some metabolic pathways which indicate the conditioning situation of strenuous exercise induced genes encoding apoptotic and autophagy factors, indicating cellular stress.

Conclusion

Down-regulated networks showed cell transduction and signaling pathways, with possible inhibition of cellular proliferation and cell degeneration. These findings reveal transitory and dynamic process in cell signaling transcription networks in skeletal muscle after acute strenuous exercise.

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Affiliation(s)

Stela Mirla da Silva Felipe Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Raquel Martins de Freitas Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Emanuel Diego Dos Santos Penha Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Christina Pacheco Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Danilo Lopes Martins Digital Metropolis Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Juliana Osório Alves Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Paula Matias Soares Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Adriano César Carneiro Loureiro Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Tanes Lima Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Leonardo R Silveira Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Alex Soares Marreiros Ferraz Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Jorge Estefano Santana de Souza Digital Metropolis Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Jose Henrique Leal-Cardoso Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Denise P Carvalho Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Vania Marilande Ceccatto Superior Institute of Biomedic Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil

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Associations Between Physical Effort and DNA Methylation in the Promotor Region of the Dopamine Transporter Gene (DAT1). J Hum Kinet 2021;77:125-133. [PMID: 34168698 PMCID: PMC8008309 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open

Aguiar SS, Sousa CV, Santos PA, Barbosa LP, Maciel LA, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Motta-Santos D, Rosa TS, Degens H, Simões HG. Master athletes have longer telomeres than age-matched non-athletes. A systematic review, meta-analysis and discussion of possible mechanisms. Exp Gerontol 2020;146:111212. [PMID: 33387607 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]

Cappelli K, Amadori M, Mecocci S, Miglio A, Antognoni MT, Razzuoli E. Immune Response in Young Thoroughbred Racehorses under Training. Animals (Basel) 2020;10:ani10101809. [PMID: 33027949 PMCID: PMC7600081 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open

Abstract

Simple Summary

Stressful stimuli, both infectious and non-infectious, can modify and trigger an innate immune response and inflammation, via an attempt to restore a homeostatic state. Coping with stressors can be measured by different procedures, including the evaluation of immunological parameters. These are also modulated by exercise, which can be considered stress prototypic in the Thoroughbred racehorse. To evaluate the complex of physiological regulations during the training period, twenty-nine clinically healthy, two-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses were followed during their first 3 months of sprint training. Blood collection was performed at rest, three times until 90 days of training, for testing immunological parameters during incremental sprint training to evaluate its effect on the immunological status of the animals. During the training period, we observed the following: (A) an increase in red blood cell parameters that are crucial for exercise performance adaptation, improving O₂ transport and muscle cell respiration; (B) variations of blood granulocytes; and (C) changes in inflammatory cytokine gene expression. On the basis of clinical and laboratory findings, training exercise probably played a major role in the modulation of the above parameters. These latter changes could be seen as a preparation of the innate immune system to respond quickly and adequately to environmental conditions.

Abstract

Training has a great impact on the physiology of an athlete and, like all stressful stimuli, can trigger an innate immune response and inflammation, which is part of a wider coping strategy of the host to restore homeostasis. The Thoroughbred racehorse is a valid animal model to investigate these changes thanks to its homogeneous training and highly selected genetic background. The aim of this study was to investigate modifications of the innate immune response and inflammation in young untrained Thoroughbred racehorses during the first training season through haematological and molecular investigations. Twenty-nine Thoroughbred racehorses were followed during their incremental 3-month sprint exercise schedule. Blood collection was performed at time 0 (T0; before starting the intense training period), 30 days after T0 (T30), and 90 days after T0 (T90). Haematological parameters (red and white blood cells, haemoglobin, and platelets) were evaluated and haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cells width distribution + standard deviation (RDW-SD) were calculated. Moreover, via RT-qPCR, we investigated the expression of, Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), Interleukin 4 (IL-4) Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 2 (IL-2), Interleukin 3 (IL-3), Interleukin 5 (IL-5) Interleukin 8 (IL-8), Trasformig Growth Factor β and α (TGF-β), Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and Interferon γ (IFN-γ)genes. Main corpuscular volume (MCV) showed a significant (p = 0.008) increase at T90. Main corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values were significantly augmented at both T30 (p < 0.001) and T90 (p < 0.001). Basophils were significant increased at T30 (p = 0.02) and eosinophils were significantly increased at T90 (p = 0.03). Significant differences in gene expression were found for all the genes under study, with the exception of IFN-γ and TNF-α. In particular, IL-2 (T30, p = 0.011; T90, p = 0.015), IL-4 (T30, p = 0.009; T90, p < 0.001), and IL-8 (T30, p < 0.001; T90, p < 0.001) genes were significantly upregulated at both T30 and T90 with respect to T0, TGF-β was intensely downregulated at T30 (p < 0.001), IL-5 gene expression was significantly decreased at T90 (p = 0.001), while IL-1β (p = 0.005) and IL-3 (p = 0.001) expression was strongly augmented at the same time. This study highlighted long-term adjustments of O₂ transport capability that can be reasonably traced back to exercise adaptation. Moreover, the observed changes of granulocyte numbers and functions and inflammatory cytokine gene expression confirm a major role of the innate immune system in the response to the complex of stressful stimuli experienced during the training period.

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Trukhmanov AS, Makushina AA, Storonova OA, Ivashkina NY. [Evaluation and management of infectious esophagitis in immunocompromised patients and immunocompetent individuals]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020;92:108-117. [PMID: 33346470 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.08.000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]

Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers and Endocrine Responses to Exercise in Female Soccer Players. J Hum Kinet 2020;73:73-82. [PMID: 32774539 PMCID: PMC7386145 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open

Allosterism of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Therapeutic Potential for Neuroinflammation Underlying Brain Trauma and Degenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:ijms21144918. [PMID: 32664647 PMCID: PMC7404387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open

Lakicevic N, Moro T, Paoli A, Roklicer R, Trivic T, Cassar S, Drid P. Stay fit, don't quit: Geriatric Exercise Prescription in COVID-19 Pandemic. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020;32:1209-1210. [PMID: 32449107 PMCID: PMC7246219 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]

Olsen KS, Lukic M, Borch KB. Physical activity and blood gene expression profiles: the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Post-genome cohort. BMC Res Notes 2020;13:283. [PMID: 32527328 PMCID: PMC7291748 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open

Contrepois K, Wu S, Moneghetti KJ, Hornburg D, Ahadi S, Tsai MS, Metwally AA, Wei E, Lee-McMullen B, Quijada JV, Chen S, Christle JW, Ellenberger M, Balliu B, Taylor S, Durrant MG, Knowles DA, Choudhry H, Ashland M, Bahmani A, Enslen B, Amsallem M, Kobayashi Y, Avina M, Perelman D, Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose SM, Zhou W, Ashley EA, Montgomery SB, Chaib H, Haddad F, Snyder MP. Molecular Choreography of Acute Exercise. Cell 2020;181:1112-1130.e16. [PMID: 32470399 PMCID: PMC7299174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]

Affiliation(s)

Kévin Contrepois Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Si Wu Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Kegan J Moneghetti Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Stanford Sports Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Daniel Hornburg Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Sara Ahadi Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Ming-Shian Tsai Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Ahmed A Metwally Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Eric Wei Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Brittany Lee-McMullen Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Jeniffer V Quijada Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Songjie Chen Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Jeffrey W Christle Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Sports Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Mathew Ellenberger Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Brunilda Balliu Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Shalina Taylor Pediatrics Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Matthew G Durrant Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
David A Knowles Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Hani Choudhry Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Melanie Ashland Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Amir Bahmani Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Brooke Enslen Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Myriam Amsallem Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Yukari Kobayashi Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Monika Avina Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Dalia Perelman Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Sophia Miryam Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Wenyu Zhou Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Euan A Ashley Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Stephen B Montgomery Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Hassan Chaib Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Francois Haddad Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Michael P Snyder Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

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Lee J, Papa F, Jaini PA, Alpini S, Kenny T. An Epigenetics-Based, Lifestyle Medicine-Driven Approach to Stress Management for Primary Patient Care: Implications for Medical Education. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020;14:294-303. [PMID: 32477032 PMCID: PMC7232902 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619847436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open

Abstract

Over 75% of patients in the primary care setting present with stress-related complaints. Curiously, patients and health care providers all too often see stress as a relatively benign sequela of many common illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, lung disease, dementia, diabetes, and mental illness. Unfortunately, various day-to-day lifestyle choices and environmental factors, unrelated to the presence of any disease, can cause stress sufficient to contribute to the development of various diseases/disorders and suboptimal health. There is evidence suggesting that counseling in stress management-oriented therapeutic interventions (as offered by lifestyle medicine-oriented practitioners) may prevent or reduce the onset, severity, duration, and/or overall burden of stress-related illnesses. Such counseling often involves considerations such as the patient's nutrition, physical activity, interest in/capacity to meditate, drug abuse/cessation, and so on. Unfortunately, lifestyle medicine-oriented approaches to stress management are rarely offered in primary care-the patient care arena wherein such counseling would likely be best received by patients. Would health care outcomes improve if primary care providers offered counseling in both stress management and positive lifestyle choices? The purpose of this article is to provide both primary care practitioners and educators in health care training programs with an introductory overview of epigenetics. An emerging field of science offering insights into how factors such as stress and lifestyle choices interact with our genes in ways that can both positively and negatively impact the various micro (eg, cellular) through macro (eg, physiologic, pathophysiologic) processes that determine our tendencies toward illness or wellness. A deeper understanding of epigenetics, as provided herein, should enable primary care providers and medical educators to more confidently advocate for the primary benefits associated with counseling in both stress reduction and the pursuit of healthy lifestyle choices.

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Hu Y, Zhang K, Zhang T, Wang J, Chen F, Qin W, Tong W, Guan Q, He Y, Gu C, Chen X, Kang UJ, Sun YE, Li S, Jin L. Exercise Reverses Dysregulation of T-Cell-Related Function in Blood Leukocytes of Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020;10:1389. [PMID: 32047471 PMCID: PMC6997272 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with movement and balance impairments. Although studies have reported improvement of motor symptoms with physical exercise, the mechanisms by which exercise is beneficial remains poorly understood. Our study addresses the exercise-induced changes to peripheral immune cells by interrogating the transcriptome of blood-derived leukocytes in PD patients before and after exercise. Patients attended 1 h exercise classes twice a week for 12 weeks. Leukocytes were collected at the beginning and end of the study for gene expression analysis by RNA-seq or quantitative real-time PCR. We correlated differentially expressed genes after exercise with clinical measures and analyzed the potential functions of gene changes with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology analysis. Exercise improved measures of movement and balance when compared with scores before the exercise program. Among the gene changes, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analysis suggests that T-cell receptor signaling, T-cell activation, and T-cell migration pathways were downregulated, while the T-cell receptor signaling pathway was the most significantly correlated with clinical measures. To further investigate T-cell-related changes in PD leukocytes, we reanalyzed the differentially expressed genes from publicly available microarray data and found that genes in the T-cell activation, differentiation, and migration pathways were upregulated in PD samples compared to controls in a time-dependent manner. Together, our findings suggest that exercise rehabilitation may improve movement and balance in PD patients by reversing the upregulated T-cell activation pathways associated with PD. This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry under ChiCTR-TRC-14004707. Registered on May 27, 2014.

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Affiliation(s)

Yong Hu Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Health, The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, United States
Kunshan Zhang Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Tianyu Zhang Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Junbang Wang Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Fei Chen Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Wenting Qin Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Weifang Tong Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Qiang Guan Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Yijing He Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Chunya Gu Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Xiaoyu Chen Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Un Jung Kang Department of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Health, The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, United States
Yi E. Sun Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Siguang Li Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Lingjing Jin Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

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Cooper DM, Radom-Aizik S. Exercise-associated prevention of adult cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents: monocytes, molecular mechanisms, and a call for discovery. Pediatr Res 2020;87:309-318. [PMID: 31649340 PMCID: PMC11177628 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]

Amanat S, Ghahri S, Dianatinasab A, Fararouei M, Dianatinasab M. Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020;1228:91-105. [PMID: 32342452 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]

Torre-Villalvazo I, Alemán-Escondrillas G, Valle-Ríos R, Noriega LG. Protein intake and amino acid supplementation regulate exercise recovery and performance through the modulation of mTOR, AMPK, FGF21, and immunity. Nutr Res 2019;72:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]

Acute hyperketonaemia alters T-cell-related cytokine gene expression within stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells following prolonged exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019;120:191-202. [PMID: 31729600 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]

Bower JE, Kuhlman KR, Haydon MD, Boyle CC, Radin A. Cultivating a healthy neuro‐immune network: A health psychology approach. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2019;13. [PMID: 37008404 PMCID: PMC10062207 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]

Khummuang S, Lee HG, Joo SS, Park JW, Choi JY, Oh JH, Kim KH, Youn HH, Kim M, Cho BW. Comparison for immunophysiological responses of Jeju and Thoroughbred horses after exercise. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019;33:424-435. [PMID: 31480163 PMCID: PMC7054627 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The study was conducted to investigate variations in the immunophysiological responses to exercise-induced stress in Jeju and Thoroughbred horses.

METHODS

Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of adult Jeju (n = 5) and Thoroughbred (n = 5) horses before and after 30 min of exercise. The hematological, biochemical, and immunological profiles of the blood samples were analyzed. Blood smears were stained and observed under a microscope. The concentration of cell-free (cf) DNA in the plasma was determined using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear cells were separated using Polymorphprep, and the expression of various stress-related and chemokine receptor genes was measured using reverse transcriptase (RT) and real-time PCR.

RESULTS

After exercise, Jeju and Thoroughbred horses displayed stress responses with significantly increased rectal temperatures, cortisol levels, and muscle catabolism-associated metabolites. Red blood cell indices were significantly higher in Thoroughbred horses than in Jeju horses after exercise. In addition, exercise-induced stress triggered the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and reduced platelet counts in Jeju horses but not in Thoroughbred horses. Heat shock protein 72 and heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 6 expression is rapidly modulated in response to exercise-induced stress in the PBMCs of Jeju horses. The expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 in PBMCs was higher in Thoroughbred horses than in Jeju horses after exercise.

CONCLUSION

In summary, the different immunophysiological responses of Jeju and Thoroughbred horses explain the differences in the physiological and anatomical properties of the two breeds. The physiology of Thoroughbred horses makes them suitable for racing as they are less sensitive to exercise-induced stress compared to that of Jeju horses. This study provides a basis for investigating the link between exercise-induced stresses and the physiological alteration of horses. Hence, our findings show that some of assessed parameters could be used to determine the endurance performance of horses.

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Pastuszak-Lewandoska D, Domańska-Senderowska D, Kiszałkiewicz J, Szmigielska P, Snochowska A, Ratkowski W, Spieszny M, Klocek T, Godlewski P, Cięszczyk P, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, September AV, Laguette MJ. Expression levels of selected cytokines and microRNAs in response to vitamin D supplementation in ultra-marathon runners. Eur J Sport Sci 2019;20:219-228. [PMID: 31241425 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1635649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]

Selechnik D, Richardson MF, Shine R, Brown GP, Rollins LA. Immune and environment-driven gene expression during invasion: An eco-immunological application of RNA-Seq. Ecol Evol 2019;9:6708-6721. [PMID: 31236254 PMCID: PMC6580278 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open

Abstract

Host-pathogen associations change rapidly during a biological invasion and are predicted to impose strong selection on immune function. It has been proposed that the invader may experience an abrupt reduction in pathogen-mediated selection ("enemy release"), thereby favoring decreased investment into "costly" immune responses. Across plants and animals, there is mixed support for this prediction. Pathogens are not the only form of selection imposed on invaders; differences in abiotic environmental conditions between native and introduced ranges are also expected to drive rapid evolution. Here, we use RNA-Seq to assess the expression patterns of immune and environmentally associated genes in the cane toad (Rhinella marina) across its invasive Australian range. Transcripts encoding mediators of costly immune responses (inflammation, cytotoxicity) showed a curvilinear relationship with invasion history, with highest expression in toads from oldest and newest colonized areas. This pattern is surprising given theoretical expectations of density dynamics in invasive species and may be because density influences both intraspecific competition and parasite transmission, generating conflicting effects on the strength of immune responses. Alternatively, this expression pattern may be the result of other evolutionary forces, such as spatial sorting and genetic drift, working simultaneously with natural selection. Our findings do not support predictions about immune function based on the enemy release hypothesis and suggest instead that the effects of enemy release are difficult to isolate in wild populations, especially in the absence of information regarding parasite and pathogen infection. Additionally, expression patterns of genes underlying putatively environmentally associated traits are consistent with previous genetic studies, providing further support that Australian cane toads have adapted to novel abiotic challenges.

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Physical Activity and Sports-Real Health Benefits: A Review with Insight into the Public Health of Sweden. Sports (Basel) 2019;7:sports7050127. [PMID: 31126126 PMCID: PMC6572041 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open

Hunter DJ, James L, Hussey B, Wadley AJ, Lindley MR, Mastana SS. Impact of aerobic exercise and fatty acid supplementation on global and gene-specific DNA methylation. Epigenetics 2019;14:294-309. [PMID: 30764736 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1582276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open

Gómez-Rubio P, Trapero I. The Effects of Exercise on IL-6 Levels and Cognitive Performance in Patients with Schizophrenia. Diseases 2019;7:diseases7010011. [PMID: 30678202 PMCID: PMC6473765 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open

Effects of exercise training on cytokines and adipokines in multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018;24:91-100. [PMID: 29982111 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Physical activity, particularly exercise training, is an evidence-based approach for managing symptoms, restoring function and improving overall wellness in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Several recent studies have argued for a potential disease modifying effect of exercise in people with MS, and among the potential mediating mechanisms are exercise training effects on both cytokines and adipokines. The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review of exercise training effects on cytokine and adipokine profiles in persons with MS.

METHODS

We conducted open-dated searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and PEDro using the terms 'Multiple sclerosis' or 'MS' AND 'exercise' OR 'training' OR 'physical activity' AND 'cytokine' OR 'inflammatory' OR 'immune' OR 'adipokine'. Included studies were written in English; comprised of humans with MS, and evaluated the effects of regular physical activity or exercise on pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines or adipokines. Two authors independently scanned titles and abstracts, and read the studies included. All studies were rated on the PEDro scale and further classified based on American Academy of Neurology criteria.

RESULTS

Twelve studies were included of which 10 studies focused on cytokines, 1 study focused on adipokines, and 1 study included both cytokines and adipokines. The selected studies included 3 Class I studies, 7 Class II studies, and 2 Class IV studies and had average PEDro scores of 6.9 ± 1.6. Studies included endurance (n = 5), resistance (n = 3), combined (n = 3), and vibration (n = 1) training. Overall, there is a general lack of standardization of procedures across studies and inconsistent evidence for the effects of physical activity and exercise on cytokine and adipokine profiles in MS, with a general pattern indicating a lack of effect.

CONCLUSION

Research regarding the effects of exercise training on cytokines and adipokines in MS is in its infancy, but exercise represents an adjuvant therapy in MS, and future studies are essential for clarifying the role of exercise on cytokines and adipokines in MS.

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Nagy T, Kátai E, Fisi V, Takács TT, Stréda A, Wittmann I, Miseta A. Protein O-GlcNAc Modification Increases in White Blood Cells After a Single Bout of Physical Exercise. Front Immunol 2018;9:970. [PMID: 29774032 PMCID: PMC5943509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open

Abstract

Background

Protein O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic posttranslational modification influencing the function of many intracellular proteins. Recently it was revealed that O-GlcNAc regulation is modified under various stress states, including ischemia and oxidative stress. Aside from a few contradictory studies based on animal models, the effect of exercise on O-GlcNAc is unexplored.

Purpose

To evaluate O-GlcNAc levels in white blood cells (WBC) of human volunteers following physical exercise.

Methods

Young (age 30 ± 5.2), healthy male volunteers (n = 6) were enlisted for the study. Blood parameters including metabolites, ions, “necro”-enzymes, and cell counts were measured before and after a single bout of exercise (2-mile run). From WBC samples, we performed western blots to detect O-GlcNAc modified proteins. The distribution of O-GlcNAc in WBC subpopulations was assessed by flow cytometry.

Results

Elevation of serum lactic acid (increased from 1.3 ± 0.4 to 6.9 ± 1.7 mM), creatinine (from 77.5 ± 6.3 U/L to 102.2 ± 7.0 μM), and lactate dehydrogenase (from 318.5 ± 26.2 to 380.5 ± 33.2 U/L) confirmed the effect of exercise. WBC count also significantly increased (from 6.6 ± 1.0 to 8.4 ± 1.4 G/L). The level of O-GlcNAc modified proteins in WBCs showed significant elevation after exercise (85 ± 51%, p < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed that most of this change could be attributed to lymphocytes and monocytes.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that short-term exercise impacts the O-GlcNAc status of WBCs. O-GlcNAc modification could be a natural process by which physical activity modulates the immune system. Further research could elucidate the role of O-GlcNAc during exercise and validate O-GlcNAc as a biomarker for fitness assessment.

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Botzman M, Gat-Viks I. Significant common environmental effects on leukocyte subpopulations. PLoS One 2018;13:e0196193. [PMID: 29689083 PMCID: PMC5915319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open

Association of High Cardiovascular Fitness and the Rate of Adaptation to Heat Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018;2018:1685368. [PMID: 29682518 PMCID: PMC5850892 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1685368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]