1
|
Yan H, Chu Z, Shen Z, Yuan L, Wu Y, Lu Y, Jiang H, Xu X. Disrupted functional connectivity of bilateral nucleus accumbens in major depressive disorder with and without melancholic features. Neuroreport 2024:00001756-990000000-00290. [PMID: 39292961 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Our study aims to explore the differences in functional connectivity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) between patients with melancholic depression and non-melancholic depression (NMD) and their relation to melancholic depression's pathogenesis. We recruited 60 melancholic depression, 58 NMD, and 80 healthy controls, all matched for gender, age, and education. Functional connectivity analysis focused on bilateral NAc as the region of interest, comparing it with the whole brain and correlating significant differences with clinical scores. Melancholic depression patients showed reduced functional connectivity between the left NAc and anterior brain regions, and between the right NAc and temporal and frontal areas, compared to healthy controls. In contrast, NMD patients displayed reduced functional connectivity only between the left NAc and the posterior cingulate cortex. Melancholic depression patients also exhibited increased functional connectivity between the right NAc and the middle frontal gyrus, unlike NMD patients. The findings suggest that melancholic depression patients exhibit unique NAc functional connectivity patterns, particularly with the default mode network and prefrontal areas, suggesting atypical reward-circuitry interactions. The right NAc's connection to the prefrontal gyrus may distinguish melancholic depression from NMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alvarez GM, Jolink TA, West TN, Cardenas MN, Feldman MJ, Cohen JR, Muscatell KA. Differential effects of social versus monetary incentives on inhibitory control under acute inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2024:S0889-1591(24)00601-9. [PMID: 39293694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
While the impact of chronic, low-grade inflammation on cognitive functioning is documented in the context of neurodegenerative disease, less is known about the association between acute increases in inflammation and cognitive functioning in daily life. This study investigated how changes in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were associated with performance on an inhibitory control task, the go/no-go task. We further examined whether the opportunity to earn different incentive types (social or monetary) and magnitudes (high or low) was associated with differential performance on the task, depending on IL-6 levels. Using a within-participant design, individuals completed an incentivized go/no-go task before and after receiving the annual influenza vaccine. Multilevel logistic regressions were performed on the trial-level data (Nobs = 30,528). For no-go trials, we did not find significant associations between IL and 6 reactivity between the sessions and changes in trial accuracy. For go trials, we found significant differences in the associations between IL and 6 reactivity and changes in accuracy from session 1 to session 2 as a function of the incentive condition. Notably, greater IL-6 reactivity was consistently associated with fewer omission errors (i.e., greater accuracy on go trials) on high-magnitude social incentives (i.e., viewing a picture of a close-other picture) when compared to both low-magnitude social and high-magnitude monetary incentives. Together, these results suggest that mild fluctuations in inflammation might alter the valuation of an incentive, and possibly a shift toward devoting greater attentional resources when a large social incentive is on the line. Overall, this study sheds light on how everyday, low-grade fluctuations in inflammation may influence cognitive abilities essential for daily life and effective inhibitory control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Alvarez
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
| | - Tatum A Jolink
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Taylor N West
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Megan N Cardenas
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Mallory J Feldman
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jessica R Cohen
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Keely A Muscatell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan J, Zhang G, Hao J, Cai H, Wu D, Su Z, Liu B, Wu M. Progress in the application of molecular imaging in psychiatric disorders. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2023; 3:kkad020. [PMID: 38666107 PMCID: PMC10917387 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders have always attracted a lot of attention from researchers due to the difficulties in their diagnoses and treatments. Molecular imaging, as an emerging technology, has played an important role in the researchers of various diseases. In recent years, molecular imaging techniques including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nuclear medicine imaging, and fluorescence imaging have been widely used in the study of psychiatric disorders. This review will briefly summarize the progression of molecular imaging in psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tan
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangying Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Banan People's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jiaqi Hao
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huawei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dingping Wu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuoxiao Su
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li J, Wang R, Mao N, Huang M, Qiu S, Wang J. Multimodal and multiscale evidence for network-based cortical thinning in major depressive disorder. Neuroimage 2023; 277:120265. [PMID: 37414234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with widespread, irregular cortical thickness (CT) reductions across the brain. However, little is known regarding mechanisms that govern spatial distribution of the reductions. METHODS We combined multimodal MRI and genetic, cytoarchitectonic and chemoarchitectonic data to examine structural covariance, functional synchronization, gene co-expression, cytoarchitectonic similarity and chemoarchitectonic covariance between regions atrophied in MDD. RESULTS Regions atrophied in MDD were associated with significantly higher structural covariance, functional synchronization, gene co-expression and chemoarchitectonic covariance. These results were robust against methodological variations in brain parcellation and null model, reproducible in patients and controls, and independent of age at onset of MDD. Despite no significant differences in the cytoarchitectonic similarity, MDD-related CT reductions were susceptible to specific cytoarchitectonic class of association cortex. Further, we found that nodal shortest path lengths to disease epicenters derived from structural (right supramarginal gyrus) and chemoarchitectonic covariance (right sulcus intermedius primus) networks of healthy brains were correlated with the extent to which a region was atrophied in MDD, supporting the transneuronal spread hypothesis that regions closer to the epicenters are more susceptible to MDD. Finally, we showed that structural covariance and functional synchronization among regions atrophied in MDD were mainly related to genes enriched in metabolic and membrane-related processes, driven by genes in excitatory neurons, and associated with specific neurotransmitter transporters and receptors. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings provide empirical evidence for and genetic and molecular insights into connectivity-constrained CT thinning in MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junle Li
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Mao
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jones JS, Goldstein SJ, Wang J, Gardus J, Yang J, Parsey RV, DeLorenzo C. Evaluation of brain structure and metabolism in currently depressed adults with a history of childhood trauma. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:392. [PMID: 36115855 PMCID: PMC9482635 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural differences in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus, and amygdala were reported in adults who experienced childhood trauma; however, it is unknown whether metabolic differences accompany these structural differences. This multimodal imaging study examined structural and metabolic correlates of childhood trauma in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). Participants with MDD completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ, n = 83, n = 54 female (65.1%), age: 30.4 ± 14.1) and simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Structure (volume, n = 80, and cortical thickness, n = 81) was quantified from MRI using Freesurfer. Metabolism (metabolic rate of glucose uptake) was quantified from dynamic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET images (n = 70) using Patlak graphical analysis. A linear mixed model was utilized to examine the association between structural/metabolic variables and continuous childhood trauma measures while controlling for confounding factors. Bonferroni correction was applied. Amygdala volumes were significantly inversely correlated with continuous CTQ scores. Specifically, volumes were lower by 7.44 mm3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -12.19, -2.68) per point increase in CTQ. No significant relationship was found between thickness/metabolism and CTQ score. While longitudinal studies are required to establish causation, this study provides insight into potential consequences of, and therefore potential therapeutic targets for, childhood trauma in the prevention of MDD. This work aims to reduce heterogeneity in MDD studies by quantifying neurobiological correlates of trauma within MDD. It further provides biological targets for future interventions aimed at preventing MDD following trauma. To our knowledge, this is the first simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study to assess both structure and metabolism associated with childhood trauma in adults with MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Jones
- grid.16416.340000 0004 1936 9174University of Rochester, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Samantha J. Goldstein
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, New York, NY USA
| | - Junying Wang
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, New York, NY USA
| | - John Gardus
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, New York, NY USA
| | - Jie Yang
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Family, Population & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, NY USA
| | - Ramin V. Parsey
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, New York, NY USA
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, New York, NY USA ,grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, New York, NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Piani MC, Maggioni E, Delvecchio G, Brambilla P. Sustained attention alterations in major depressive disorder: A review of fMRI studies employing Go/No-Go and CPT tasks. J Affect Disord 2022; 303:98-113. [PMID: 35139418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric condition characterized by selective cognitive dysfunctions. In this regard, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies showed, both at resting state and during tasks, alterations in the brain functional networks involved in cognitive processes in MDD patients compared to controls. Among those, it seems that the attention network may have a role in the disease pathophysiology. Therefore, in this review we aim at summarizing the current fMRI evidence investigating sustained attention in MDD patients. METHODS We conducted a search on PubMed on case-control studies on MDD employing fMRI acquisitions during Go/No-Go and continuous performance tasks. A total of 12 studies have been included in the review. RESULTS Overall, the majority of fMRI studies reported quantitative alterations in the response to attentive tasks in selective brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, the temporal and parietal lobes, the insula and the precuneus, which are key nodes of the attention, the executive, and the default mode networks. LIMITATIONS The heterogeneity in the study designs, fMRI acquisition techniques and processing methods have limited the generalizability of the results. CONCLUSIONS The results from the included studies showed the presence of alterations in the activation patterns of regions involved in sustained attention in MDD, which are in line with current evidence and seemed to explain some of the key symptoms of depression. However, given the paucity and heterogeneity of studies available, it may be worthwhile to continue investigating the attentional domain in MDD with ad-hoc study designs to retrieve more robust evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Piani
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano 20122, Italy.
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wexler BE. Returning to basic principles to develop more effective treatments for central nervous system disorders. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:856-867. [PMID: 35172621 PMCID: PMC9158240 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221078291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of new treatments for diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) is
stalled. Of candidate drugs developed through costly preclinical research, 93%
fail clinical trials. Hoped-for improvements in diagnosis or treatment from
decades of positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI) imaging have yet to materialize. To understand what we are doing
wrong, I begin with recognition that all aspects of life, including the brain
and mind, are physical phenomena consistent with processes described by
physicists. Two processes, emergence and entropy, are of particular relevance in
complex arrangements of matter that constitute life in general and the brain in
particular. The human brain functions through dynamically reconfiguring and
hierarchically organized neural functional systems with emergent properties of
cognition, emotion, and conscious experience. These systems are shaped and
maintained by negentropic environmental input transformed by sensory receptors
into neural signals that trigger epigenetic neuroplastic processes. CNS diseases
produce clinical disorders by disrupting these systems. As researchers seek
appropriate levels of system organization at which to characterize and treat
illness, focus has been on medications that impact processes at lower levels or
transcranial electric or magnetic stimulation that impact broad contiguous
swaths of tissue. Neither align with the brain’s neurosystem organization and
therefore lack specificity necessary to be effective and to limit side effects.
Digital neurotherapies (DNTs), in contrast, align with neurosystem organization
and achieve the needed specificity using the same input pathways and
neuroplastic processes that created the neural systems organization to repair
it. The omission of DNTs from major systems-based initiatives represents
powerful residua of dualist thinking. Interventions based on perceptual and
cognitive processes are not thought of as being as physical as drugs or electric
or magnetic stimulation through the skull. In fact, they are examples of the
most basic processes that create and support life itself.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang S, Wu Z, Cao H, Chen X, Wu G, Tan W, Liu D, Yang J, Long Y, Liu Z. Age-Related Decrease in Default-Mode Network Functional Connectivity Is Accelerated in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:809853. [PMID: 35082661 PMCID: PMC8785895 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.809853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder which is associated with an accelerated biological aging. However, little is known whether such process would be reflected by a more rapid aging of the brain function. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that MDD would be characterized by accelerated aging of the brain's default-mode network (DMN) functions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 971 MDD patients and 902 healthy controls (HCs) was analyzed, which was drawn from a publicly accessible, multicenter dataset in China. Strength of functional connectivity (FC) and temporal variability of dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) within the DMN were calculated. Age-related effects on FC/dFC were estimated by linear regression models with age, diagnosis, and diagnosis-by-age interaction as variables of interest, controlling for sex, education, site, and head motion effects. The regression models revealed (1) a significant main effect of age in the predictions of both FC strength and dFC variability; and (2) a significant main effect of diagnosis and a significant diagnosis-by-age interaction in the prediction of FC strength, which was driven by stronger negative correlation between age and FC strength in MDD patients. Our results suggest that (1) both healthy participants and MDD patients experience decrease in DMN FC strength and increase in DMN dFC variability along age; and (2) age-related decrease in DMN FC strength may occur at a faster rate in MDD patients than in HCs. However, further longitudinal studies are still needed to understand the causation between MDD and accelerated aging of brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Tang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - Xudong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guowei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjian Tan
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dayi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yicheng Long
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Blázquez E, Hurtado-Carneiro V, LeBaut-Ayuso Y, Velázquez E, García-García L, Gómez-Oliver F, Ruiz-Albusac J, Ávila J, Pozo MÁ. Significance of Brain Glucose Hypometabolism, Altered Insulin Signal Transduction, and Insulin Resistance in Several Neurological Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873301. [PMID: 35615716 PMCID: PMC9125423 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neurological diseases share pathological alterations, even though they differ in their etiology. Neuroinflammation, altered brain glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and amyloidosis are biological events found in those neurological disorders. Altered insulin-mediated signaling and brain glucose hypometabolism are characteristic signs observed in the brains of patients with certain neurological diseases, but also others such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular diseases. Thus, significant reductions in insulin receptor autophosphorylation and Akt kinase activity, and increased GSK-3 activity and insulin resistance, have been reported in these neurological diseases as contributing to the decline in cognitive function. Supporting this relationship is the fact that nasal and hippocampal insulin administration has been found to improve cognitive function. Additionally, brain glucose hypometabolism precedes the unmistakable clinical manifestations of some of these diseases by years, which may become a useful early biomarker. Deficiencies in the major pathways of oxidative energy metabolism have been reported in patients with several of these neurological diseases, which supports the hypothesis of their metabolic background. This review remarks on the significance of insulin and brain glucose metabolism alterations as keystone common pathogenic substrates for certain neurological diseases, highlighting new potential targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Blázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Enrique Blázquez,
| | | | - Yannick LeBaut-Ayuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Velázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis García-García
- Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Gómez-Oliver
- Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Ruiz-Albusac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pozo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Pluridisciplinary Institute, Complutense University, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lueno M, Dobrowolny H, Gescher D, Gbaoui L, Meyer-Lotz G, Hoeschen C, Frodl T. Volatile Organic Compounds From Breath Differ Between Patients With Major Depression and Healthy Controls. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:819607. [PMID: 35903642 PMCID: PMC9314777 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.819607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a widespread common disorder. Up to now, there are no easy and frequent to use non-invasive biomarkers that could guide the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are different mass concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath between patients with MDD and healthy controls. For this purpose, patients with MDD according to DSM-V and healthy subjects were investigated. VOCs contained in the breath were collected immediately after awakening, after 30 min, and after 60 min in a respective breath sample and measured using PRT-MS (proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry). Concentrations of masses m/z 88, 89, and 90 were significantly decreased in patients with MDD compared with healthy controls. Moreover, changes during the time in mass concentrations of m/z 93 and 69 significantly differed between groups. Differentiation between groups was possible with an AUCs of 0.80-0.94 in ROC analyses. In this first study, VOCs differed between patients and controls, and therefore, might be a promising tool for future studies. Altered masses are conceivable with energy metabolism in a variety of biochemical processes and involvement of the brain-gut-lung-microbiome axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Lueno
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Gescher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laila Gbaoui
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Meyer-Lotz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoeschen
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hou X, Mei B, Wang F, Guo H, Li S, Wu G, Zang C, Cao B. Neural activity in adults with major depressive disorder differs from that in healthy individuals: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1028518. [PMID: 36465288 PMCID: PMC9712791 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1028518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, findings regarding resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) are inconsistent. In contrast to the previously used a priori seed-based functional connectivity analyses, this study employed whole-brain exploratory analyses and aimed to explore neural activity patterns in Chinese adults with MDD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specifically, this study examined the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations within the whole brain and adopted a large-scale brain network template to explore the core dysfunctional brain regions in individuals with MDD. RESULTS Overall, 32 individuals with MDD and 32 healthy controls were evaluated. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with MDD showed more profound alterations in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the temporolimbic affective circuit (e.g., middle temporal gyrus and parahippocampus) and default mode network (e.g., precuneus and thalamus). Moreover, functional connectivity between the left mid-insula and parietal regions within the sensorimotor network was weaker in individuals with MDD than in healthy controls. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the neural characteristics of MDD correspond to cognitive deficits in self-referential processing and emotional processing and are related to a risk of sensory disorders or psychomotor retardation. These findings present neural markers that may be used to identify MDD, contributing to clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Hou
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Bohui Mei
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Fukun Wang
- General Committee Office, Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Committee Office, Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Shilong Li
- Department of Medical, Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Laboratory of Computed Tomography, Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Chen Zang
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Massardo T, Quintana JC, Jaimovich R, Sáez CG, Risco L, Liberman C, Araya AV, Galleguillos T, Castro-Mora G, Pereira J. Regional Brain Perfusion Is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction Markers in Major Depressive Disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 80:214-224. [PMID: 32726779 DOI: 10.1159/000508110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cumulative data suggest that depressive patients exhibit derangement in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), although underlying mechanisms remain mostly unknown. Endothelial dysfunction (ED), defined as different forms of abnormal endothelial activity, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. ED is associated with several clinical conditions characterized by high cardiovascular risk. Diverse ED markers have been found in mood disorders. PURPOSE To evaluate the association between rCBF and peripheral ED markers in MDD patients, at baseline and after selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-seven untreated unipolar MDD patients in their first episode were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and brain perfusion SPECT at baseline and after 2 months of SSRIs. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was employed to evaluate rCBF; circulating endothelial cells (CECs), plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were used as independent covariates. RESULTS Baseline CECs and sICAM were increased in MDD patients compared with matching controls (p = 0.0001) and hsCRP (p = 0.03). HAM-D scores (21 items) and CECs diminished after SSRI therapy in MDD patients (p < 0.0001). There was a significant rCBF decrease, mainly in deep central structures. HAM-D change was associated with rCBF decrease at the left amygdala, right striatum levels, and Brodmann area 25. CEC change was associated with rCBF at deep brain level and sICAM with large rCBF areas at the left caudate and tectum; hsCRP was associated, to a lesser extent, with the left dorsal striatum and mesencephalic tectum. CONCLUSION ED markers in patients with MDD are associated with significant changes in rCBF which are features of depression. These findings suggest that systemic damage/activation of the endothelium may contribute to the abnormal rCBF observed in MDD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Massardo
- Nuclear Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Quintana
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Jaimovich
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia G Sáez
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Risco
- Universitary Psychiatric Clinic, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Liberman
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aída Verónica Araya
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Galleguillos
- Universitary Psychiatric Clinic, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Castro-Mora
- Nuclear Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Pereira
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marchitelli R, Paillère-Martinot ML, Bourvis N, Guerin-Langlois C, Kipman A, Trichard C, Douniol M, Stordeur C, Galinowski A, Filippi I, Bertschy G, Weibel S, Granger B, Limosin F, Cohen D, Martinot JL, Artiges E. Dynamic functional connectivity in adolescence-onset major depression: relationships with severity and symptom dimensions. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 7:385-396. [PMID: 34051395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spatial functional chronnectome is an innovative mathematical model designed to capture dynamic features in the organization of brain function derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. Measurements of dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) have been developed from this model to quantify the brain dynamical self-reconfigurations at different spatial and temporal scales. This study examined whether two spatiotemporal dFC quantifications were linked to late adolescence-onset major depressive disorder (AO-MDD), and scaled with depression and symptom severity measured with the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS) Methods: Thirty-five AO-MDD patients (21±6y) and fifty-three age- and gender-matched healthy young participants (20±3y) underwent 3T MRI structural and rs-fMRI acquisitions. The chronnectome here comprised seven individualized functional networks portrayed along 132 temporal overlapping windows, each framing 110s of resting brain activity Results: Based on voxelwise analyses, AO-MDD patients demonstrated significantly reduced temporal variability within the bilateral prefrontal cortex in five functional networks including the limbic network, the default-mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN). Furthermore, the limbic network appeared to be particularly involved in this sample, and was associated with MADRS scores, and its progressive dynamic inflexibility was linked to sadness. DMN and FPN dynamics scaled with negative thoughts and neurovegetative symptoms, respectively Conclusions: This triple-network imbalance could delay spatiotemporal integration, while across-subject symptom variability would be network-specific. Therefore, the present approach supports that brain network dynamics underlie patients' symptom heterogeneity in AO-MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Marchitelli
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère-Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Nadège Bourvis
- Maison des Adolescents du Var (MDA83), Pôle de Psychiatrie Infanto-Juvénile, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Toulon - la Seyne sur mer, Toulon, France
| | - Christophe Guerin-Langlois
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Hôpital Corentin Celton, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Kipman
- Psychiatry Department, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christian Trichard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes, France
| | - Marie Douniol
- Centre médico-psychologique pour adolescents, Sceaux, France
| | - Coline Stordeur
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - André Galinowski
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Irina Filippi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Bertschy
- Psychiatry Department, Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1114, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Weibel
- Psychiatry Department, Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1114, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Granger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Psychiatry Department, Tarnier Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Hôpital Corentin Celton, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie", Centre Borelli, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Besteher B, Gaser C, Nenadić I. Brain Structure and Subclinical Symptoms: A Dimensional Perspective of Psychopathology in the Depression and Anxiety Spectrum. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 79:270-283. [PMID: 31340207 DOI: 10.1159/000501024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human psychopathology is the result of complex and subtle neurobiological alterations. Categorial DSM or ICD diagnoses do not allow a biologically founded and differentiated description of these diverse processes across a spectrum or continuum, emphasising the need for a scientific and clinical paradigm shift towards a dimensional psychiatric nosology. The subclinical part of the spectrum is, however, of special interest for early detection of mental disorders. We review the current evidence of brain structural correlates (grey matter volume, cortical thickness, and gyrification) in non-clinical (psychiatrically healthy) subjects with minor depressive and anxiety symptoms. We identified 16 studies in the depressive spectrum and 20 studies in the anxiety spectrum. These studies show effects associated with subclinical symptoms in the hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula similar to major depression and changes in amygdala similar to anxiety disorders. Precuneus and temporal areas as parts of the default mode network were affected specifically in the subclinical studies. We derive several methodical considerations crucial to investigations of brain structural correlates of minor psycho(patho)logical symptoms in healthy participants. And we discuss neurobiological overlaps with findings in patients as well as distinct findings, e.g. in areas involved in the default mode network. These results might lead to more insight into the early pathogenesis of clinical significant depression or anxiety and need to be enhanced by multi-centre and longitudinal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Besteher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg/Marburg University Hospital - UKGM, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, Liu T, Luo W. Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy for Depression: Therapeutic Mechanisms and Future Perspective. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:584416. [PMID: 33967844 PMCID: PMC8102733 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.584416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, which causes global burden. Antidepressants and psychotherapies are the mainstay of treatment for depression, which have limited efficacy. Thus, alternative approaches for preventing and treating depression are urgently required. Recent clinical trials and preclinical researches have clarified that peripheral facial injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is a rapid, effective and relative safe therapy for improving some symptoms of depression. Despite its safety and efficacy, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of BoNT/A for depression remains largely unclear. In the present review, we updated and summarized the clinical and preclinical evidence supporting BoNT/A therapy for the treatment of depression. We further discussed the potential mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of BoNT/A on depression. Notably, we recently identified that the anti-depressant effects of BoNT/A associated with up-regulation of 5-HT levels and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus in a preclinical mouse model. In summary, these studies suggest that BoNT/A therapy is a potential effective and safe intervention for the management of depression. However, fundamental questions remain regarding the future prospects of BoNT/A therapy, including safety, efficacy, dose-response relationships, identification of potential predictors of response, and the precise mechanisms underlying BoNT/A therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,College of Life Sciences, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Weifeng Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tastevin M, Boyer L, Korchia T, Fond G, Lançon C, Richieri R, Guedj E. Brain SPECT perfusion and PET metabolism as discordant biomarkers in major depressive disorder. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:121. [PMID: 33030615 PMCID: PMC7544792 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain SPECT perfusion and PET metabolism have been, most often interchangeably, proposed to study the underlying pathological process in major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this study was to specify similarities and inconsistencies between these two biomarkers according to global characteristics of the disease. We conducted a retrospective study in 16 patients suffering from treatment-resistant MDD who underwent, during the same current episode, a cerebral perfusion SPECT with 99mTc-HMPAO and a metabolic PET with 18F-FDG. Whole-brain voxel-based SPM(T) maps were generated in correlation with the number of depressive episodes and in correlation with the depression duration, separately for the two exams (p-voxel < 0.001 uncorrected, k > 20). Results No significant correlations were found between brain metabolism and either the number of depressive episodes or the duration of the disease, even at an uncorrected p-voxel < 0.005. On the other hand, the increased number of depressive episodes was correlated with decreased perfusion of the right middle frontal cortex, the right anterior cingulum cortex, the right insula, the right medial temporal cortex and the left precuneus. The increased depression duration was correlated with decreased perfusion of the right anterior cingulum cortex. Conclusions This preliminary study demonstrates more significant results with brain perfusion compared with glucose metabolism in treatment-resistant MDD, highlighting the value of brain SPECT despite less favourable instrumentation detection compared to PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Tastevin
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite University Hospital, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Centre, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Department of Medical Information and Public Health, APHM, Marseille, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Economics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Theo Korchia
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite University Hospital, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Fond
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite University Hospital, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Centre, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Department of Medical Information and Public Health, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Lançon
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite University Hospital, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Centre, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaëlle Richieri
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite University Hospital, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Guedj
- Nuclear Medicine Department, APHM, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Timone Hospital, CERIMED, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barrett FS, Krimmel SR, Griffiths RR, Seminowicz DA, Mathur BN. Psilocybin acutely alters the functional connectivity of the claustrum with brain networks that support perception, memory, and attention. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116980. [PMID: 32454209 PMCID: PMC10792549 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs, including the serotonin 2a (5-HT2A) receptor partial agonist psilocybin, are receiving renewed attention for their possible efficacy in treating a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Psilocybin induces widespread dysregulation of cortical activity, but circuit-level mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. The claustrum is a subcortical nucleus that highly expresses 5-HT2A receptors and provides glutamatergic inputs to arguably all areas of the cerebral cortex. We therefore tested the hypothesis that psilocybin modulates claustrum function in humans. Fifteen healthy participants (10M, 5F) completed this within-subjects study in which whole-brain resting-state blood-oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal was measured 100 min after blinded oral administration of placebo and 10 mg/70 kg psilocybin. Left and right claustrum signal was isolated using small region confound correction. Psilocybin significantly decreased both the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations as well as the variance of BOLD signal in the left and right claustrum. Psilocybin also significantly decreased functional connectivity of the right claustrum with auditory and default mode networks (DMN), increased right claustrum connectivity with the fronto-parietal task control network (FPTC), and decreased left claustrum connectivity with the FPTC. DMN integrity was associated with right-claustrum connectivity with the DMN, while FPTC integrity and modularity were associated with right claustrum and left claustrum connectivity with the FPTC, respectively. Subjective effects of psilocybin predicted changes in the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations and the variance of BOLD signal in the left and right claustrum. Observed effects were specific to claustrum, compared to flanking regions of interest (the left and right insula and putamen). This study used a pharmacological intervention to provide the first empirical evidence in any species for a significant role of 5-HT2A receptor signaling in claustrum functioning, and supports a possible role of the claustrum in the subjective and therapeutic effects of psilocybin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick S Barrett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Samuel R Krimmel
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, and Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Roland R Griffiths
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - David A Seminowicz
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, and Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Brian N Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim YK, Kim OY, Song J. Alleviation of Depression by Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Through the Regulation of Neuroinflammation, Neurotransmitters, Neurogenesis, and Synaptic Function. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1270. [PMID: 32922295 PMCID: PMC7456867 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has emerged as a major cause of mortality globally. Many studies have reported risk factors and mechanisms associated with depression, but it is as yet unclear how these findings can be applied to the treatment and prevention of this disorder. The onset and recurrence of depression have been linked to diverse metabolic factors, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Recent studies have suggested that depression is accompanied by memory loss as well as depressive mood. Thus, many researchers have highlighted the relationship between depressive behavior and metabolic alterations from various perspectives. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is secreted from gut cells and hindbrain areas, has been studied in metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, and was shown to control glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Recently, GLP-1 was highlighted as a regulator of diverse pathways, but its potential as the therapeutic target of depressive disorder was not described comprehensively. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the potential of GLP-1 modulation in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.,Center for Silver-targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Testing the Mechanism of Action of Computerized Cognitive Training in Young Adults with Depression: Protocol for a Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Treatment Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5. [PMID: 32743079 PMCID: PMC7394311 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Depression is associated with a broad range of cognitive deficits, including processing speed (PS) and executive functioning (EF). Cognitive symptoms commonly persist with the resolution of affective symptoms and increase risk of relapse and recurrence. The cognitive control network is comprised of brain areas implicated in EF and mood regulatory functions. Prior research has demonstrated the effectiveness of computerized cognitive training (CCT) focused on PS and EF in mitigating both cognitive and affective symptoms of depression. Methods: Ninety participants aged 18–29 with a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder, or a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score ≥12, will be randomized to either PS/EF CCT, verbal CCT, or waitlist control. Participants in the active groups will complete 15 min of training 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Clinical and neuropsychological assessments will be completed at baseline, week 4, week 8, and 3-month follow-up. Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) will be completed at baseline and week 8. We will compare changes in mood, cognition, daily functioning, and fMRI data. We will explore cognitive control network functioning using resting-state and task-based fMRI. Results: Recruitment began in October 2019; we expect to finish recruitment by April 2022 and subsequently begin data analysis. Conclusions: This study is innovative in that it will include both active and waitlist control conditions and will explore changes in neural activation. Identifying the neural networks associated with improvements following CCT will allow for the development of more precise and effective interventions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.govNCT03869463; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03869463.
Collapse
|
20
|
Depression-Associated Gene Negr1-Fgfr2 Pathway Is Altered by Antidepressant Treatment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081818. [PMID: 32751911 PMCID: PMC7464991 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Negr1 gene has been significantly associated with major depression in genetic studies. Negr1 encodes for a cell adhesion molecule cleaved by the protease Adam10, thus activating Fgfr2 and promoting neuronal spine plasticity. We investigated whether antidepressants modulate the expression of genes belonging to Negr1-Fgfr2 pathway in Flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats, in a corticosterone-treated mouse model of depression, and in mouse primary neurons. Negr1 and Adam10 were the genes mostly affected by antidepressant treatment, and in opposite directions. Negr1 was down-regulated by escitalopram in the hypothalamus of FSL rats, by fluoxetine in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of corticosterone-treated mice, and by nortriptyline in hippocampal primary neurons. Adam10 mRNA was increased by nortriptyline administration in the hypothalamus, by escitalopram in the hippocampus of FSL rats, and by fluoxetine in mouse dorsal dentate gyrus. Similarly, nortriptyline increased Adam10 expression in hippocampal cultures. Fgfr2 expression was increased by nortriptyline in the hypothalamus of FSL rats and in hippocampal neurons. Lsamp, another IgLON family protein, increased in mouse dentate gyrus after fluoxetine treatment. These findings suggest that Negr1-Fgfr2 pathway plays a role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity induced by antidepressant treatment to promote therapeutic efficacy by rearranging connectivity in corticolimbic circuits impaired in depression.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hoch MM, Doucet GE, Moser DA, Hee Lee W, Collins KA, Huryk KM, DeWilde KE, Fleysher L, Iosifescu DV, Murrough JW, Charney DS, Frangou S, Iacoviello BM. Initial Evidence for Brain Plasticity Following a Digital Therapeutic Intervention for Depression. CHRONIC STRESS 2020; 3:2470547019877880. [PMID: 32440602 PMCID: PMC7219906 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019877880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Digital therapeutics such as cognitive-emotional training have begun to show promise for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Available clinical trial data suggest that monotherapy with cognitive-emotional training using the Emotional Faces Memory Task is beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Emotional Faces Memory Task training for major depressive disorder is associated with changes in brain connectivity and whether changes in connectivity parameters are related to symptomatic improvement. Methods Fourteen major depressive disorder patients received Emotional Faces Memory Task training as monotherapy over a six-week period. Patients were scanned at baseline and posttreatment to identify changes in resting-state functional connectivity and effective connectivity during emotional working memory processing. Results Compared to baseline, patients showed posttreatment reduced connectivity within resting-state networks involved in self-referential and salience processing and greater integration across the functional connectome at rest. Moreover, we observed a posttreatment increase in the Emotional Faces Memory Task-induced modulation of connectivity between cortical control and limbic brain regions, which was associated with clinical improvement. Discussion These findings provide initial evidence that cognitive-emotional training may be associated with changes in short-term plasticity of brain networks implicated in major depressive disorder. Conclusion Our findings pave the way for the principled design of large clinical and neuroimaging studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Hoch
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gaelle E Doucet
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dominik A Moser
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine A Collins
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn M Huryk
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA
| | - Kaitlin E DeWilde
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lazar Fleysher
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - James W Murrough
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian M Iacoviello
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Click Therapeutics, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Setroikromo SN, Bauduin SE, Reesen JE, van der Werff SJ, Smit AS, Vermetten E, van der Wee NJ. Cortical Thickness in Dutch Police Officers: An Examination of Factors Associated with Resilience. J Trauma Stress 2020; 33:181-189. [PMID: 32162369 PMCID: PMC7216895 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies on resilience have generally compared resilience and psychopathology after stress exposure, which does not allow for conclusions regarding correlates specific to resilience. The aim of the present study was to investigate resilience-specific correlates in cortical thickness and/or cortical surface area and their correlations with psychometric measurements, using a three-group design that included a non-trauma-exposed control group in order to disentangle effects related to resilience from those related to psychopathology. Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 82 Dutch police officers. Participants were categorized into resilient (n = 31; trauma exposure, no psychopathology), vulnerable (n = 32; trauma exposure, psychopathology), and control groups (n = 19; no trauma exposure, no psychopathology). Specific regions of interest (ROIs) were identified based on previous studies that found the rostral and caudal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to be implicated in trauma-related psychopathology. Cortical thickness and surface area of the ROIs-the rostral and caudal ACC-and of the whole brain were examined. No significant differences in cortical thickness or surface area were found between the resilient group and other groups in the ROI and whole-brain analyses. Thus, the results of the present study provide no evidence of an association between resilience to traumatic stress and measures of thickness and surface area in cortical regions of the brain in a sample of Dutch police officers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santoucha N.W. Setroikromo
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Stephanie E.E.C. Bauduin
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Joyce E. Reesen
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Steven J.A. van der Werff
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Eric Vermetten
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Nic. J.A. van der Wee
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenthe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nissen TD, Laursen B, Viardot G, l'Hostis P, Danjou P, Sluth LB, Gram M, Bastlund JF, Christensen SR, Drewes AM. Effects of Vortioxetine and Escitalopram on Electroencephalographic Recordings – A Randomized, Crossover Trial in Healthy Males. Neuroscience 2020; 424:172-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
24
|
Delvecchio G, Pigoni A, Bauer IE, Soares JC, Brambilla P. Disease-discordant twin structural MRI studies on affective disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 108:459-471. [PMID: 31790709 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have identified neural structures implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, especially bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the role of genetic and environmental influences on such brain deficits is still unclear. In this context, the present review summarizes the current evidence from structural MRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies on twin samples concordant or discordant for BD or MDD, with the aim of clarifying the role of genetic and environmental risk factors on brain alterations. Although the results showed a complex interplay between gene and environment in affective disorders, the evidence seem to underline that both genetic and environmental risk factors have an impact on brain areas and vulnerability to MDD and BD. However, the precise mechanism of action and the interaction between these factors still needs to be unveiled. Therefore, future larger studies on concordant or discordant twins should be encouraged, because this population provides a unique opportunity to probe separately genetic and environmental markers of disease vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Delvecchio
- University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy
| | - A Pigoni
- University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy
| | - I E Bauer
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - J C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Brambilla
- University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses the prevalence of the major mood disorders (major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder) in the community and within neurologic settings, articulates the steps taken to make a diagnosis of major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder, and reviews old and newer treatment options with proven efficacy for the treatment of these two conditions. RECENT FINDINGS New medications are available as treatment options for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, such as intranasal and IV ketamine, and somatic treatments, such as deep brain stimulation and vagal nerve stimulators, are being used to target treatment-resistant depression. SUMMARY Mood disorders are common in neurologic settings. They are disabling and increase morbidity and mortality. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion if they suspect their patients seem more distressed or incapacitated than would be warranted by their neurologic disorders. If a patient does have a mood disorder, validating the patient's experience, initiating treatment, and, if necessary, referring the patient to a primary care physician or psychiatrist are appropriate steps.
Collapse
|
26
|
Physical Exercise and Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8323-8335. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
27
|
Zhang H, Qiu M, Ding L, Mellor D, Li G, Shen T, Peng D. Intrinsic gray-matter connectivity of the brain in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 251:78-85. [PMID: 30909161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been assumed to be associated with aberrant brain connectivity. However, research suggests that brain connectivity abnormalities should not be restricted to extrinsic white matter connectivity, but may also impact on intrinsic gray matter connectivity. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the intrinsic gray-matter connectivity in MDD. METHODS The participants were 16 first-episode, drug-naïve patients with MDD and 16 healthy controls matched on age and gender. All participants were scanned by 3.0T structural magnetic resonance imaging. Global and local intrinsic gray-matter connectivity were measured based on surface-based geodesic distances, including mean coritical separation distances (MSDs), perimeter function, and radius function. RESULTS MDD patients had significantly lower MSDs in the left postcentral gyrus and higher MSDs in the left superior parietal cortex. Marginally significant correlation was observed between MSDs in the left postcentral gyrus and symptoms of depression. Compared with healthy controls, depressed subjects had abnormal local intrinsic gray-matter connectivity in the left postcentral gyrus, the left transverse temporal gyrus, the right lingual gyrus, the right lateral occipital cortex, and the right superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, local intrinsic gray matter connections of these brain areas were associated with some symptoms of depression. LIMITATIONS The small sample size limited the interpretability of our potential conclusions. CONCLUSION Aberrant intrinsic gray-matter connectivity was observed in depressed subjects, indicating abnormal intrinsic wiring cost of brain architecture. This might help explain the aberrant topological properties of brain functional connectivity and provide insights into the vulnerability of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Meihui Qiu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Medical Psychology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Melbourne 3125, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7513, USA
| | - Ting Shen
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Daihui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping South Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee S, Lee SM, Kang WS, Jahng GH, Ryu CW, Park JK. Altered resting-state functional connectivity in depressive disorder patients with suicidal attempts. Neurosci Lett 2019; 696:174-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
29
|
Association Between Sensorimotor Impairments and Functional Brain Changes in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Critical Review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 97:200-211. [PMID: 29112509 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) coincides with sensorimotor impairments, for example, reduced lumbosacral tactile and proprioceptive acuity and postural control deficits. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that sensorimotor impairments in LBP may be associated with brain changes. However, no consensus exists regarding the relationship between functional brain changes and sensorimotor behavior in LBP. Therefore, this review critically discusses the available functional magnetic resonance imaging studies on brain activation related to nonnociceptive somatosensory stimulation and motor performance in individuals with LBP. Four electronic databases were searched, yielding nine relevant studies. Patients with LBP showed reduced sensorimotor-related brain activation and a reorganized lumbar spine representation in higher-order (multi)sensory processing and motor regions, including primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, supplementary motor area, and superior temporal gyrus. These results may support behavioral findings of sensorimotor impairments in LBP. In addition, patients with LBP displayed widespread increased sensorimotor-evoked brain activation in regions often associated with abnormal pain processing. Overactivation in these regions could indicate an overresponsiveness to sensory inputs that signal potential harm to the spine, thereby inducing overgeneralized protective responses. Hence, functional brain changes could contribute to the development and recurrence of LBP. However, future studies investigating the causality between sensorimotor-related brain function and LBP are imperative.
Collapse
|
30
|
Extrinsic and default mode networks in psychiatric conditions: Relationship to excitatory-inhibitory transmitter balance and early trauma. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 99:90-100. [PMID: 30769024 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades there has been an accumulation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies reporting that aberrant functional networks may underlie cognitive deficits and other symptoms across a range of psychiatric diagnoses. The use of pharmacological MRI and 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has allowed researchers to investigate how changes in network dynamics are related to perturbed excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in individuals with psychiatric conditions. More recently, changes in functional network dynamics and excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) neurotransmission have been linked to early childhood trauma, a major antecedents for psychiatric illness in adulthood. Here we review studies investigating whether perturbed network dynamics seen across psychiatric conditions are related to changes in E/I neurotransmission, and whether such changes could be linked to childhood trauma. Whilst there is currently a paucity of studies relating early traumatic experiences to altered E/I balance and network function, the research discussed here lead towards a plausible mechanistic hypothesis, linking early traumatic experiences to cognitive dysfunction and symptoms mediated by E/I neurotransmitter imbalances.
Collapse
|
31
|
Guo L, Stormmesand J, Fang Z, Zhu Q, Balesar R, van Heerikhuize J, Sluiter A, Swaab D, Bao AM. Quantification of Tyrosine Hydroxylase and ErbB4 in the Locus Coeruleus of Mood Disorder Patients Using a Multispectral Method to Prevent Interference with Immunocytochemical Signals by Neuromelanin. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:205-215. [PMID: 30706412 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) has been studied in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). A major problem of immunocytochemical studies in the human LC is interference with the staining of the immunocytochemical end-product by the omnipresent natural brown pigment neuromelanin. Here, we used a multispectral method to untangle the two colors: blue immunocytochemical staining and brown neuromelanin. We found significantly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the LC of MDD patients-thus validating the method-but not in BD patients, and we did not find significant changes in the receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ErbB4 in the LC in MDD or BD patients. We observed clear co-localization of ErbB4, TH, and neuromelanin in the LC neurons. The different stress-related molecular changes in the LC may contribute to the different clinical symptoms in MDD and BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Jochem Stormmesand
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Zheng Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingbin Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rawien Balesar
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Joop van Heerikhuize
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Arja Sluiter
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Swaab
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Ai-Min Bao
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Satomura Y, Sakakibara E, Takizawa R, Koike S, Nishimura Y, Sakurada H, Yamagishi M, Shimojo C, Kawasaki S, Okada N, Matsuoka J, Kinoshita A, Jinde S, Kondo S, Kasai K. Severity-dependent and -independent brain regions of major depressive disorder: A long-term longitudinal near-infrared spectroscopy study. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:249-254. [PMID: 30248636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term longitudinal studies are necessary to establish neuroimaging indicators which contribute to the detection of severity changes over time in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS One hundred sixty-five patients with MDD underwent clinical assessments and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) examination at the initial evaluation (T0). After 1.5 years, 45 patients who visited for the follow-up evaluation (T1.5) were included in the analysis. The authors conducted analyses using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) scores and mean oxy-hemoglobin concentration ([oxy-Hb]) changes during a cognitive task in NIRS at T0 (T0_HAMD, T0_[oxy-Hb]) and at T1.5 (T1.5_HAMD, T1.5_[oxy-Hb]), and their intra-individual longitudinal changes (ΔHAMD = T1.5_HAMD - T0_HAMD, Δ[oxy-Hb] = T1.5_[oxy-Hb] - T0_[oxy-Hb]). RESULTS For severity-dependent regions, the Δ[oxy-Hb] in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was negatively correlated with the ΔHAMD. For severity-independent regions, the intra-class correlation coefficients between T0_ and T1.5_[oxy-Hb] were moderate in the bilateral middle frontal gyri (MFG). LIMITATIONS The percentage of patients included in the follow-up examination was relatively small. CONCLUSIONS Brain activation in the right IFG and the bilateral MFG as measured by NIRS may differentially indicate clinical severity and trait-related abnormalities in MDD.
Collapse
Key Words
- Abbreviations: MDD, major depressive disorder
- Biological marker
- CBF, cerebral blood flow
- CH, channel
- DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition
- FDR, false-discovery rate
- GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning
- HAMD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression
- ICCs, intra-class correlation coefficients
- IFG, inferior frontal gyrus
- IQ, Intelligence Quotient
- JART, Japanese Adult Reading Test
- Long-term longitudinal study
- MFG, middle frontal gyrus
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Major depressive disorder (MDD)
- Mood disorder
- NIRS, near-infrared spectroscopy
- Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PFC, prefrontal cortex
- SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV
- VFT, verbal fluency test
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Eisuke Sakakibara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Ryu Takizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Hanako Sakurada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Mika Yamagishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Chie Shimojo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shingo Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Application Development Office, Hitachi Medical Corporation, 2-1 Shintoyofuta, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-0804, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Jun Matsuoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihide Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Seiichiro Jinde
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Kondo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Perini G, Cotta Ramusino M, Sinforiani E, Bernini S, Petrachi R, Costa A. Cognitive impairment in depression: recent advances and novel treatments. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1249-1258. [PMID: 31190831 PMCID: PMC6520478 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s199746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, little or no attention was paid to cognitive disorders associated with depression (a condition sometimes termed pseudodementia). However, recent years have seen a growing interest in these changes, not only because of their high frequency in acute-stage depression, but also because they have been found to persist, as residual symptoms (in addition to affective and psychomotor ones), in many patients who respond well to antidepressant treatment. These cognitive symptoms seem to impact significantly not only on patients' functioning and quality of life, but also on the risk of recurrence of depression. Therefore, over the past decade, pharmacological research in this field has focused on the development of new agents able to counteract not only depressive symptoms, but also cognitive and functional ones. In this context, novel antidepressants with multimodal activity have emerged. This review considers the different issues, in terms of disease evolution, raised by the presence of cognitive disorders associated with depression and considers, particularly from the neurologist's perspective, the ways in which the clinical approach to cognitive symptoms, and their interpretation to diagnostic and therapeutic ends, have changed in recent years. Finally, after outlining the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the first multimodal antidepressant, vortioxetine, it reports the main results obtained with the drug in depressed patients, also in consideration of the ever-increasing evidence on its different mechanisms of action in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Perini
- Center of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders, IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, National Institute of Neurology, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavior, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Cotta Ramusino
- Center of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders, IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, National Institute of Neurology, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavior, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Sinforiani
- Center of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders, IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, National Institute of Neurology, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Bernini
- Center of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders, IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, National Institute of Neurology, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Petrachi
- Unit of Mood Disorders, Psychiatry Service, ASST, Acqui Terme, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Center of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders, IRCCS Fondazione Mondino, National Institute of Neurology, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavior, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Peng D, Yao Z. Neuroimaging Advance in Depressive Disorder. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1180:59-83. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9271-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
35
|
Beraldi GH, Prado KS, Amann BL, Radua J, Friedman L, Elkis H. Meta-analyses of cavum septum pellucidum in mood disorders in comparison with healthy controls or schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1325-1338. [PMID: 30472163 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is a neurodevelopmental abnormality significantly more prevalent in subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ) than in healthy controls (HC). Using meta-analyses, we tested the hypotheses whether CSP would be more frequent in subjects with mood disorders when compared with HC or SCZ. We performed a search in MEDLINE and EMBASE followed by 10 meta-analyses of magnetic resonance imaging studies which examined the association of CSP in bipolar disorders (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD) or mood disorders (MD; considering MDD and BD combined) with either HC or SCZ. Nine studies were included, comprising 692 cases (363 with BD, 182 with MDD and 147 with MD), 463 with SCZ and 630 HC. CSP of any size was significantly associated with BD (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.48-2.90) when compared with HC. Large CSP showed a trend to be associated with BD when compared with HC, but the association was not statistically significant (OR = 1.92, 95% CI 0.64-5.78). Large CSP was significantly associated with subjects with SCZ when compared with subjects with MD (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36-0.92). There was no association between CSP and MDD in comparison to HC or subjects with SCZ. Cortical structures are known to be altered in mood disorders. The present metanalysis found that certain midline brain abnormalities, such as CSP, are also associated with BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel H Beraldi
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly S Prado
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benedikt L Amann
- Centre Fòrum Research Unit, Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain; Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries, Barcelona, Spain; Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lee Friedman
- Department of Computer Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, US
| | - Helio Elkis
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Separate Neural Networks for Gains and Losses in Intertemporal Choice. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:725-735. [PMID: 30088149 PMCID: PMC6129240 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An important and unresolved question is how human brain regions process information and interact with each other in intertemporal choice related to gains and losses. Using psychophysiological interaction and dynamic causal modeling analyses, we investigated the functional interactions between regions involved in the decision-making process while participants performed temporal discounting tasks in both the gains and losses domains. We found two distinct intrinsic valuation systems underlying temporal discounting in the gains and losses domains: gains were specifically evaluated in the medial regions, including the medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, and losses were evaluated in the lateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In addition, immediate reward or punishment was found to modulate the functional interactions between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and distinct regions in both the gains and losses domains: in the gains domain, the mesolimbic regions; in the losses domain, the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and insula. These findings suggest that intertemporal choice of gains and losses might involve distinct valuation systems, and more importantly, separate neural interactions may implement the intertemporal choices of gains and losses. These findings may provide a new biological perspective for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying intertemporal choice of gains and losses.
Collapse
|
37
|
Horne CM, Norbury R. Altered resting-state connectivity within default mode network associated with late chronotype. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 102:223-229. [PMID: 29702432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests late chronotype individuals have an increased risk of developing depression. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of this association are not fully understood. Forty-six healthy, right-handed individuals free of current or previous diagnosis of depression, family history of depression or sleep disorder underwent resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsFMRI). Using an Independent Component Analysis (ICA) approach, the Default Mode Network (DMN) was identified based on a well validated template. Linear effects of chronotype on DMN connectivity were tested for significance using non-parametric permutation tests (applying 5000 permutations). Sleep quality, age, gender, measures of mood and anxiety, time of scan and cortical grey matter volume were included as covariates in the regression model. A significant positive correlation between chronotype and functional connectivity within nodes of the DMN was observed, including; bilateral PCC and precuneus, such that later chronotype (participants with lower rMEQ scores) was associated with decreased connectivity within these regions. The current results appear consistent with altered DMN connectivity in depressed patients and weighted evidence towards reduced DMN connectivity in other at-risk populations which may, in part, explain the increased vulnerability for depression in late chronotype individuals. The effect may be driven by self-critical thoughts associated with late chronotype although future studies are needed to directly investigate this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ray Norbury
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Barth M, Dunzinger A, Wimmer I, Winkler J, Rittmannsberger H, Nader M, Pichler R. Serotonin 1A receptor density measured by F18-Mefway PET/CT in mesiotemporal cortex and raphe does not discriminate therapeutic response in patients with major depressive episode. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2018; 64:203-210. [PMID: 29916219 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.18.03039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 50% of patients with major depressive episode (MDE) fail to respond to initial treatment with first line pharmacological therapy. Altered receptor and serotonin transporter function are considered to be associated with mental disorders. Our investigation aimed on the density of the HT1A receptor in mesiotemporal cortex (MTC) and raphe measured by F18-Mefway in patients with MDD. METHODS Patients with untreated clinically suspected major depressive episode were recruited from June 2012 to May 2014. 49 patients were included into the study: 36 patients (73%) were identified as responders, whereas 13 (27%) were non-responders. Gender distribution was 26 men (56%) and 23 women (44%). For treatment, only a standard medication of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with escitalopram in a range of 10-20 mg/day was permitted. Responders were defined by improvement of the MADRS>50%. Visually MTC had the highest uptake of F18-Mefway among all brain regions, an asymmetry could not be observed in any patient. An elliptical region was drawn over the amygdala and hippocampus area and a small circular region was drawn over the raphe nuclei. All data were calculated related to (unspecific) cerebellar uptake. RESULTS The quotient of the right MTC was 5.00 [4.33; 5.50] in all patients, in responders 5.00 [4.00; 5.75] and in non-responders 5.00 [4.50; 5.50] (P=0.56). The quotient of the left MTC presented with a median level of 4.50 [4.50; 5.50] in all persons. The responders had 4.50 [4.50; 5.75] which was not statistically significant to the data of the non-responders with 5.00 [4.50; 5.50] at P=0.64. The raphe had a median quotient of 2.50 [2.00; 3.00] in all and the cohort of responders, whereas non-responders had 2.50 [2.00; 2.50] (P=0.61). Also the absolute values of SUV in the three brain regions were not statistically different between the cohorts. Additionally, we did not find any sex-related differences in our patient group. CONCLUSIONS Serotonin 1A receptor density can be assessed efficiently by F18-Mefway and PET-CT in patients with MDE. The method can be estimated as a possible tool for clinical and academic investigation, marked tracer uptake can constantly be observed at MTC and the raphe. Anyhow, under conditions of real life in patient care, it is not possible to distinguish patients with a good prognosis who will respond to standard SSRI therapy from non-responders who would benefit from a different therapeutic approach starting earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Barth
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Dunzinger
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Irina Wimmer
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Johanna Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Hans Rittmannsberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria.,Department of Psychiatry, Gespag Hospital Steyr, Steyr, Austria
| | - Michael Nader
- Advanced Accelerator Applications Germany, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Pichler
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria - .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Gespag Hospital Steyr, Steyr, Austria.,Department of Radiology, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Barnes SA, Sheffler DJ, Semenova S, Cosford NDP, Bespalov A. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 as a Target for the Treatment of Depression and Smoking: Robust Preclinical Data but Inconclusive Clinical Efficacy. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:955-962. [PMID: 29628194 PMCID: PMC5953810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of novel pharmacological compounds to improve outcomes in preclinical models is often not translated into clinical efficacy. Psychiatric disorders do not have biological boundaries, and identifying mechanisms to improve the translational bottleneck between preclinical and clinical research domains is an important and challenging task. Glutamate transmission is disrupted in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors represent a diverse class of receptors that contribute to excitatory neurotransmission. Given the wide, yet region-specific manner of expression, developing pharmacological compounds to modulate mGlu receptor activity provides an opportunity to subtly and selectively modulate excitatory neurotransmission. This review focuses on the potential involvement of mGlu5 receptor disruption in major depressive disorder and substance and/or alcohol use disorders. We provide an overview of the justification of targeting mGlu5 receptors in the treatment of these disorders, summarize the preclinical evidence for negatively modulating mGlu5 receptors as a therapeutic target for major depressive disorders and nicotine dependence, and highlight the outcomes of recent clinical trials. While the evidence of mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulation has been promising in preclinical investigations, these beneficial effects have not translated into clinical efficacy. In this review, we identify key challenges that may contribute to poor clinical translation and provide suggested approaches moving forward to potentially improve the translation from preclinical to clinical domains. Such approaches may increase the success of clinical trials and may reduce the translational bottleneck that exists in drug discovery for psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,PAREXEL International, 1560 E Chevy Chase Dr, suite 140, Glendale, CA 91206, USA
| | - Nicholas D. P. Cosford
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anton Bespalov
- EXCIVA, Heidelberg, Germany; Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li J, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Zhou L, Han Y, Yin T, Cheng Z, Zhang G, Shen Y, Chen J. Towards characterizing the regional cerebral perfusion in evaluating the severity of major depression disorder with SPECT/CT. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:70. [PMID: 29562903 PMCID: PMC5863480 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder worldwide, but now there is a lack of clinically effective assessment and management of MDD. In this study, we used technetium-99 m ethylcysteinate dimer ([99mTc]ECD) SPECT/CT to characterize the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) status of MDD patients, and to explore an objective image assessment model of MDD which is non- or minimally-invasive, convenient and accurate in a clinical setting. METHODS The severity of MDD was assessed by three trained psychiatrists, based on scores obtained from HAMD and HAMA. [99mTc]ECD rCBF SPECT/CT was performed in 20 healthy controls and 74 unipolar MDD patients before receiving the treatment. The CT attenuation-corrected SPECT images data were automatically registered, analyzed simultaneously by 3D-SSP and eZIS. RESULTS The mean score of HAMD and HAMA in the MDD patients was 25.49 ± 6.00, and 23.12 ± 5.83, respectively. There was a positive correlation between two scores. The MDD women had higher HAMD scores than MDD men. The decreased rCBF of MDD patients in frontal lobes (bilateral B11, B47 and right B4, B6, B10, B46), temporal lobe (right B21, B41, B42) and cingulated cortex (bilateral B24, B33), while their increased rCBF in occipital lobe (bilateral B17, B19 and left B18). Additionally, the depression severity was negatively correlated with decreased rCBF in left ventral anterior cingulate cortex B24, and was positively correlated with decreased rCBF in left inferior prefrontal gyrus B47 and increased rCBF in right associative visual cortex B19. The anxiety severity was negatively correlated with decreased rCBF in left subgenual cortex B25. CONCLUSIONS Although the mechanism underlying the correlation is not yet fully understood, our findings indicated that the rCBF SPECT/CT may provide an objective assessment for MDD severity. It might be used monitoring therapeutic efficacy in the management of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Li
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030 China ,0000 0004 1758 2270grid.412632.0Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060 China
| | - Yuan Yang
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030 China
| | - Yuankai Zhu
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030 China
| | - Liqiang Zhou
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030 China
| | - Yunfeng Han
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030 China
| | - Tao Yin
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030 China
| | - Zhaoting Cheng
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030 China
| | - Guopeng Zhang
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030 China
| | - Yanxia Shen
- 0000 0004 0368 7223grid.33199.31Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430030 China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Qian A, Wang X, Liu H, Tao J, Zhou J, Ye Q, Li J, Yang C, Cheng J, Zhao K, Wang M. Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene Associated with the Frontal-Striatal-Cerebellar Loop in Children with ADHD: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:497-506. [PMID: 29564731 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder that has been linked to the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regulation of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) on functional brain activity during the resting state in ADHD children using the methods of regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed in 49 children with ADHD. All participants were classified as either carriers of the DRD4 4-repeat/4-repeat (4R/4R) allele (n = 30) or the DRD4 2-repeat (2R) allele (n = 19). The results showed that participants with the DRD4 2R allele had decreased ReHo bilaterally in the posterior lobes of the cerebellum, while ReHo was increased in the left angular gyrus. Compared with participants carrying the DRD4 4R/4R allele, those with the DRD4 2R allele showed decreased FC to the left angular gyrus in the left striatum, right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral lobes of the cerebellum. The increased FC regions included the left superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and rectus gyrus. These data suggest that the DRD4 polymorphisms are associated with localized brain activity and specific functional connections, including abnormality in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar loop. Our study not only enhances the understanding of the correlation between the cerebellar lobes and ADHD, but also provides an imaging basis for explaining the neural mechanisms underlying ADHD in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andan Qian
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Huiru Liu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiejie Tao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiejie Zhou
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qiong Ye
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiance Li
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- Department of Mental Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Meihao Wang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Poletti S, Aggio V, Brioschi S, Bollettini I, Falini A, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Impact of early and recent stress on white matter microstructure in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:289-297. [PMID: 28843078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a worldwide-spread pathology, characterized by lifetime-recurrent episodes. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) increase the lifetime risk of developing depression and affect the structure of the brain. Recent stressful events (RSE) can trigger the onset of depressive episodes, and affect grey matter volume. The aim of our study is to analyse the effect of both early and recent stress events on white matter microstructure in MDD patients and healthy volunteers. METHODS Sixty-five MDD inpatients and fifty-nine healthy controls underwent MRI acquisition of diffusion tensor images with a 3.0T scanner. Severity of ACE and RSE was rated, respectively, on the Risky Families Questionnaire and on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. RESULTS A significant effect of diagnosis was observed, with MDD subjects showing reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD) compared to healthy controls in all the major association, projection and commissural tracts. In patients with MDD, but not in healthy controls, both ACE and RSE correlated with measures of WM microstructure: ACE correlated negatively with AD and MD, whereas RSE correlated negatively with FA. LIMITATIONS The two diagnostic groups differed for age and education, previous and current medications, and treatment periods. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to both early and recent stress exerts a widespread effect on WM microstructure of MDD patients, with a different impact possibly depending from the developmental period in which the stress has occurred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Poletti
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Veronica Aggio
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Brioschi
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Bollettini
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; PhD Program in Philosophy and Sciences of Mind, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Neuroradiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Milan, Italy; C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhu J, Lin X, Lin C, Zhuo C, Yu Y. Selective functional dysconnectivity of the dorsal-anterior subregion of the precuneus in drug-naive major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:676-683. [PMID: 28917194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have shown altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the precuneus; however, it is unknown whether rsFC of the precuneus subregions is differentially affected in this disorder. METHODS In this study, we aimed to clarify this issue by comparing rsFC of each precuneus subregion between patients with MDD and healthy controls. Forty-seven drug-naive patients with MDD and 47 sex-, age- and education-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The precuneus was divided into PCun-1 (dorsal-central portion; medial area 7), PCun-2 (dorsal-anterior portion; medial area 5), PCun-3 (dorsal-posterior portion; dorsomedial parietooccipital sulcus) and PCun-4 (ventral portion; area 31). The rsFC of each precuneus subregion was compared between the two groups. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, patients with MDD exhibited increased rsFC between the left PCun-2 and the right fusiform gyrus, lateral prefrontal cortex, sensorimotor cortex and supramarginal gyrus. No significant inter-group difference was observed in the rsFC of other precuneus subregions. In addition, there was no difference in gray matter volume of all the precuneus subregions between patients with MDD and healthy controls. LIMITATIONS Some of the patients had chronic MDD and relevant neuropsychological data were not collected. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a selective functional dysconnectivity of the precuneus subregions in drug-naive MDD, characterized by the hyperconnnectivity between the dorsal-anterior subregion and regions involved in visual, executive control, sensorimotor and bottom-up attention functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongguang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen YC, Chen H, Bo F, Xu JJ, Deng Y, Lv H, Cai Y, Xia W, Yin X, Gu JP, Lu G. Tinnitus distress is associated with enhanced resting-state functional connectivity within the default mode network. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1919-1927. [PMID: 30122924 PMCID: PMC6078076 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s164619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The default mode network (DMN) has been confirmed to be involved in chronic tinnitus perception. Tinnitus distress may be associated with abnormal functional connectivity (FC) within the DMN regions. The goal of this study was to determine whether tinnitus disrupted the FC patterns within the DMN as measured by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 40 chronic bilateral tinnitus patients and 41 healthy controls. Both were age, sex, and education well-matched with normal hearing. Two important DMN regions, the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, were chosen as seed regions to detect the FC patterns within the DMN and then determine whether these changes were linked to clinical measures of tinnitus such as tinnitus duration and tinnitus severity. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, chronic tinnitus patients manifested significantly enhanced FC between the anterior cingulate cortex and left precuneus, which was correlated with the tinnitus duration (r=0.451, p=0.007). Moreover, enhanced FC between the posterior cingulate cortex and right medial prefrontal cortex in tinnitus patients was positively correlated with the tinnitus distress (r=0.411, p=0.014). CONCLUSION Chronic tinnitus patients showed disrupted FC patterns within the DMN regions which are correlated with tinnitus distress. Increased resting-state connectivity pattern of the DMN may play a pivotal role in neuropathological features underlying chronic tinnitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, .,Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Huiyou Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Fan Bo
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Jin-Jing Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Lv
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Jian-Ping Gu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhu J, Lin X, Lin C, Zhuo C. Distance-dependent alterations in local functional connectivity in drug-naive major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 270:80-85. [PMID: 29107212 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have found abnormal functional connectivity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Yet, effect of distance thresholds on local functional connectivity changes in MDD is largely unknown. Here, we used resting-state fMRI data and functional connectivity strength (FCS) method to test local functional connectivity differences at different distance thresholds between 47 drug-naive patients with MDD and 47 healthy controls. For the distribution of functional brain hubs with high local FCS, the overall changing trend from distance thresholds of 10mm to 100mm was from lateral to medial. Compared to controls, MDD patients exhibited decreased local FCS independent of distance threshold in the sensorimotor system (postcentral gyrus, paracentral lobule, and supplementary motor area). MDD Patients exhibited increased local FCS in the inferior temporal gyrus at two lower distance thresholds (20mm and 30mm) and a higher distance threshold (100mm). In addition, MDD patients showed increased local FCS in the putamen at higher distance thresholds (80-100mm). These findings suggest that local functional connectivity abnormalities in MDD are dependent on distance thresholds and that future studies should take the distance thresholds into account when measuring local functional connectivity in MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongguang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wade BSC, Sui J, Hellemann G, Leaver AM, Espinoza RT, Woods RP, Abbott CC, Joshi SH, Narr KL. Inter and intra-hemispheric structural imaging markers predict depression relapse after electroconvulsive therapy: a multisite study. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1270. [PMID: 29217832 PMCID: PMC5802464 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse of depression following treatment is high. Biomarkers predictive of an individual's relapse risk could provide earlier opportunities for prevention. Since electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) elicits robust and rapidly acting antidepressant effects, but has a >50% relapse rate, ECT presents a valuable model for determining predictors of relapse-risk. Although previous studies have associated ECT-induced changes in brain morphometry with clinical response, longer-term outcomes have not been addressed. Using structural imaging data from 42 ECT-responsive patients obtained prior to and directly following an ECT treatment index series at two independent sites (UCLA: n = 17, age = 45.41±12.34 years; UNM: n = 25; age = 65.00±8.44), here we test relapse prediction within 6-months post-ECT. Random forests were used to predict subsequent relapse using singular and ratios of intra and inter-hemispheric structural imaging measures and clinical variables from pre-, post-, and pre-to-post ECT. Relapse risk was determined as a function of feature variation. Relapse was well-predicted both within site and when cohorts were pooled where top-performing models yielded balanced accuracies of 71-78%. Top predictors included cingulate isthmus asymmetry, pallidal asymmetry, the ratio of the paracentral to precentral cortical thickness and the ratio of lateral occipital to pericalcarine cortical thickness. Pooling cohorts and predicting relapse from post-treatment measures provided the best classification performances. However, classifiers trained on each age-disparate cohort were less informative for prediction in the held-out cohort. Post-treatment structural neuroimaging measures and the ratios of connected regions commonly implicated in depression pathophysiology are informative of relapse risk. Structural imaging measures may have utility for devising more personalized preventative medicine approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S C Wade
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jing Sui
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Institute of Automation, Beijing, China
| | - Gerhard Hellemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Amber M Leaver
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Randall T Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Roger P Woods
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Shantanu H Joshi
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Los Angeles, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang Y, Wang B, Lu J, Shi H, Gong S, Wang Y, Hamdy RC, Chua BHL, Yang L, Xu X. Fisetin provides antidepressant effects by activating the tropomyosin receptor kinase B signal pathway in mice. J Neurochem 2017; 143:561-568. [PMID: 28945929 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Depression has been associated with a low-grade chronic inflammatory state, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for anti-inflammatory agents. Fisetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid in strawberries that has anti-inflammatory activities, but whether fisetin has antidepressant effects is unknown. In this study, we exposed mice to spatial restraint for 2 weeks with or without treatment with fisetin. Immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension test after this restraint increased in the untreated group, but this increase did not occur in the fisetin group. We administered fisetin to Abelson helper integration site-1 (Ahi1) knockout mice, which have depressive phenotypes. We found that fisetin attenuated the depressive phenotype of these Ahi1 knockout mice. We further investigated the potential mechanism of fisetin's antidepressant effects. Because TrkB is a critical signaling pathway in the mechanisms of depression, we examined whether phosphorylated TrkB was involved in the antidepressant effects of fisetin. We found that fisetin increased phosphorylated TrkB level without altering total TrkB; this increase was attenuated by K252a, a specific TrkB inhibitor. Taken together, our results demonstrated that fisetin may have therapeutic potential for treating depression and that this antidepressant effect may be mediated by the activation of the TrkB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haixia Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Siyi Gong
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ronald C Hamdy
- Cecile Cox Quillen Laboratory of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Balvin H L Chua
- Cecile Cox Quillen Laboratory of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lingli Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhou B, Tan J, Zhang C, Wu Y. Neuroprotective effect of polysaccharides from Gastrodia elata blume against corticosterone‑induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress‑mediated pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:1182-1190. [PMID: 29115511 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental health disorder and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Gastrodia elata (G. elata) was demonstrated to exhibit a neuroprotective effect in the authors' previous study. The present study investigated the effect of polysaccharides from G. elata (GEP) on PC12 cell apoptosis induced by corticosterone (CORT) and its possible underlying mechanisms. PC12 cells were treated with 200 µM CORT in the absence or presence of different concentrations of GEP for 48 h. Then, cell viability was measured by CCK‑8 assay. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was quantified using an LDH assay kit. The apoptosis degree of the PC12 cells and the morphology was measured by DAPI staining. Subsequently, intracellular ROS level was detected by using DCFH‑DA method, the morphology staining of the endoplasmic reticulum in PC12 cells was determined using the cationic probe, and levels of five proteins involved in apoptosis, i.e., glucose‑regulated protein, 78k Da (GRP78), X‑box binding protein 1 (XBP‑1), growth arrest‑ and DNA damage‑inducible gene 153 (GADD153), caspase 9 and caspase 12 were determined by western blotting. The results demonstrated that treatment with 1,000 µg/ml GEP prior to 200 µM CORT exposure significantly protected the PC12 cells from CORT‑induced cell apoptosis, and reduced levels of LDH leakage and intracellular reactive oxygen species. In addition, pretreatment with GEP inhibited the activation of GRP78, X‑BP‑1, GADD153, caspase 9 and caspase 12. These findings suggested that GEP exhibited a neuroprotective effect against CORT‑induced apoptosis in PC12 cells, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were dependent on inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress‑mediated pathway. This provides novel insight into the effect of GEP when used for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jun Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Chan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liang S, Vega R, Kong X, Deng W, Wang Q, Ma X, Li M, Hu X, Greenshaw AJ, Greiner R, Li T. Neurocognitive Graphs of First-Episode Schizophrenia and Major Depression Based on Cognitive Features. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:312-320. [PMID: 29098645 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits are frequently observed in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD). The relations between cognitive features may be represented by neurocognitive graphs based on cognitive features, modeled as Gaussian Markov random fields. However, it is unclear whether it is possible to differentiate between phenotypic patterns associated with the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and depression using this neurocognitive graph approach. In this study, we enrolled 215 first-episode patients with schizophrenia (FES), 125 with MDD, and 237 demographically-matched healthy controls (HCs). The cognitive performance of all participants was evaluated using a battery of neurocognitive tests. The graphical LASSO model was trained with a one-vs-one scenario to learn the conditional independent structure of neurocognitive features of each group. Participants in the holdout dataset were classified into different groups with the highest likelihood. A partial correlation matrix was transformed from the graphical model to further explore the neurocognitive graph for each group. The classification approach identified the diagnostic class for individuals with an average accuracy of 73.41% for FES vs HC, 67.07% for MDD vs HC, and 59.48% for FES vs MDD. Both of the neurocognitive graphs for FES and MDD had more connections and higher node centrality than those for HC. The neurocognitive graph for FES was less sparse and had more connections than that for MDD. Thus, neurocognitive graphs based on cognitive features are promising for describing endophenotypes that may discriminate schizophrenia from depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sugai Liang
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Roberto Vega
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Deng
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xun Hu
- Huaxi Biobank, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Andrew J Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Russell Greiner
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Huaxi Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lower serotonin transporter binding in patients with cervical dystonia is associated with psychiatric symptoms. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:87. [PMID: 29071431 PMCID: PMC5656503 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical dystonia (CD) is often accompanied by depressive symptoms, anxiety, and jerks/tremor. The dopamine transporter (DAT) binding is related with both depressive symptoms and jerks/tremor in CD. Serotonergic and dopaminergic systems are closely related. As serotonin is involved in the pathophysiology of psychiatric symptoms and jerks, we expected an altered serotoninergic system in CD. We hypothesized that CD is associated with reduced serotonin transporter (SERT) binding, more specific that SERT binding is lower in CD patients with psychiatric symptoms and/or jerks/tremor compared to those without, and to controls. The balance between SERT and DAT binding can be altered in different CD phenotypes. RESULTS In 23 CD patients and 14 healthy controls, SERT binding in the diencephalon/midbrain was assessed using [123I]FP-CIT SPECT, with a brain-dedicated system. The specific to non-specific binding ratio (binding potential; BPND) to SERT was the main outcome measure. There was a clear trend towards reduced SERT BPND in CD patients with psychiatric symptoms compared to those without (p = 0.05). There was no correlation between SERT binding and dystonia, jerks, or anxiety. There was a significant positive correlation between extrastriatal SERT and striatal DAT BPND in CD patients with jerks, but not in patients without jerks. CONCLUSION CD patients with psychiatric symptoms have lower SERT binding in the midbrain/diencephalon, while dystonia and jerks appear unrelated to SERT binding. The balance between extrastriatal SERT and striatal DAT binding is different in CD with and without jerks.
Collapse
|