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Wang R, Cheng X, Tao W. Association between triglyceride glucose body mass index and cardiovascular disease in adults: evidence from NHANES 2011- 2020. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1362667. [PMID: 39081788 PMCID: PMC11286411 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1362667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is of significant interest. However, there is limited published research on the relationship between CVD and the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI). This study aims to examine the association between TyG-BMI and CVD in US adults. Method We analyzed data from 11016 adults collected through the 2011-2020 NHANES. Employing weighted generalized linear models, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curves, we examined the association between the TyG-BMI index and CVD. Nonlinear associations were investigated using restricted cubic splines. Results Higher TyG-BMI values were significantly associated with an increased prevalence of CVD (P<0.001). Weighted generalized linear models consistently demonstrated a positive association across all models. Specifically, individuals in the highest tertile of TyG-BMI had a 38% higher CVD prevalence than those in the lowest quartile (OR=1.380; 95% CI=1.080, 1.763). Unweighted logistic regression models further confirmed these findings. Sex, race, education, family income to poverty ratio, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes did not modify this positive association (P for interaction >0.05). Incorporating the TyG-BMI index into traditional risk factor models marginally improved the prediction of CVD prevalence (P for comparison <0.05). Conclusions The TyG-BMI index, an indicator of insulin resistance, is significantly positive associated with a higher prevalence of CVD. These findings underscore the importance of managing insulin resistance to prevent CVD and highlight the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Hefei (The Third Clinical College of Anhui Medical University), Hefei, Anhui, China
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Antonetti OR, Desine S, Smith HM, Robles ME, McDonald E, Ovide G, Wang C, Dean ED, Doran AC, Calcutt MW, Huang S, Brown JD, Silver HJ, Ferguson JF. The consumption of animal products is associated with plasma levels of alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1712-1720. [PMID: 38658223 PMCID: PMC11188583 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The cardiometabolic disease-associated metabolite, alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) is formed from the breakdown of the essential dietary amino acid lysine. However, it was not known whether elevated plasma levels of 2-AAA are related to dietary nutrient intake. We aimed to determine whether diet is a determinant of circulating 2-AAA in healthy individuals, and whether 2-AAA is altered in response to dietary modification. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the association between 2-AAA and dietary nutrient intake in a cross-sectional study of healthy individuals (N = 254). We then performed a randomized cross-over dietary intervention trial to investigate the effect of lysine supplementation (1 week) on 2-AAA in healthy individuals (N = 40). We further assessed the effect of a vegetarian diet on 2-AAA in a short-term (4-day) dietary intervention trial in healthy omnivorous women (N = 35). We found that self-reported dietary intake of animal products, including meat, poultry, and seafood, was associated with higher plasma 2-AAA cross-sectionally (P < 0.0001). Supplementary dietary lysine (5g/day) caused no significant increase in plasma 2-AAA; however, plasma 2-AAA was altered by general dietary modification. Further, plasma 2-AAA was significantly reduced by a short-term vegetarian diet (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION We identified associations between plasma 2-AAA and consumption of animal products, which were validated in a vegetarian dietary intervention trial, but not in a trial designed to specifically increase the 2-AAA amino acid precursor lysine. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether implementation of a vegetarian diet improves cardiometabolic risk in individuals with elevated 2-AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Antonetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Stacy Desine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Holly M Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Michelle E Robles
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Ezelle McDonald
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Gerry Ovide
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Chuan Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Amanda C Doran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Jonathan D Brown
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Heidi J Silver
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA; Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA.
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Brayner B, Keske MA, Roberts-Thomson KM, Parker L, Betik AC, Thomas HJ, Mason S, Way KL, Livingstone KM, Hamilton DL, Kaur G. Short-term high-calorie high-fat feeding induces hyperinsulinemia and blunts skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow in healthy humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E42-E54. [PMID: 38717363 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00070.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF) plays an important role in glucose disposal in muscle. Impairments in muscle MBF contribute to insulin resistance and prediabetes. Animal studies show that short-term (3 day) high-fat feeding blunts skeletal muscle MBF before impairing insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. It is not known whether this occurs in humans. We investigated the temporal impact of a 7-day high-calorie high-fat (HCHF) diet intervention (+52% kJ; 41% fat) on fasting and postprandial cardiometabolic outcomes in 14 healthy adults (18-37 yr). Metabolic health and vascular responses to a mixed-meal challenge (MMC) were measured at pre (day 0)-, mid (day 4)- and post (day 8)-intervention. There were no significant differences in body weight, body fat %, fasting blood glucose, and fasting plasma insulin concentrations at pre-, mid- and postintervention. Compared with preintervention there was a significant increase in insulin (but not glucose) total area under the curve in response to the MMC at midintervention (P = 0.041) and at postintervention (P = 0.028). Unlike at pre- and midintervention, at postintervention muscle MBF decreased at 60 min (P = 0.024) and 120 min (P = 0.023) after the MMC. However, macrovascular blood flow was significantly increased from 0 to 60 min (P < 0.001) and 120 min (P < 0.001) after the MMC at pre-, mid- and postintervention. Therefore, short-term HCHF feeding in healthy individuals leads to elevated postprandial insulin but not glucose levels and a blunting of meal-induced skeletal muscle MBF responses but not macrovascular blood flow responses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to investigate skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF) responses in humans after short-term high-calorie high-fat (HCHF) diet. The main findings were that HCHF diet causes elevated postprandial insulin in healthy individuals within 3 days and blunts meal-induced muscle MBF within 7 days, despite no impairments in postprandial glucose or macrovascular blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brayner
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew C Betik
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah J Thomas
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shaun Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Way
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Kopp W. Aging and "Age-Related" Diseases - What Is the Relation? Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0570. [PMID: 39012663 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explores the intricate relationship between aging and the development of noncommunicable diseases [NCDs], focusing on whether these diseases are inevitable consequences of aging or primarily driven by lifestyle factors. By examining epidemiological data, particularly from hunter-gatherer societies, the study highlights that many NCDs prevalent in modern populations are rare in these societies, suggesting a significant influence of lifestyle choices. It delves into the mechanisms through which poor diet, smoking, and other lifestyle factors contribute to systemic physiological imbalances, characterized by oxidative stress, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the immune system. The interplay between this pattern and individual factors such as genetic susceptibility, biological variability, epigenetic changes and the microbiome is proposed to play a crucial role in the development of a range of age-related NCDs. Modified biomolecules such as oxysterols and advanced glycation end products also contribute to their development. Specific diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, Parkinson's disease, glaucoma and osteoarthritis are analyzed to illustrate these mechanisms. The study concludes that while aging contributes to the risk of NCDs, lifestyle factors play a crucial role, offering potential avenues for prevention and intervention through healthier living practices. One possible approach could be to try to restore the physiological balance, e.g. through dietary measures [e.g. Mediterranean diet, Okinawan diet or Paleolithic diet] in conjunction with [a combination of] pharmacological interventions and other lifestyle changes.
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Bahrami A, Parastouei K, Taghdir M, Ghadyani M. Dietary insulin indices and low-carbohydrate diet and the odds of colorectal cancer: a case-control study. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024; 33:363-367. [PMID: 38190110 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding the role of insulin and insulin-inducing dietary factors in some cancers' etiology, we hypothesized that the risk of colorectal cancer may be lessened by following a lower carbohydrate and insulinogenic diet. Therefore, we performed this study to explore the association between a low-carbohydrate diet and insulin indices and the odds of colorectal cancer. METHOD This hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 150 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients and 300 healthy age- and sex-matched hospitalized controls. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the insulin indices and low-carbohydrate diet score. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between insulin indices and low-carbohydrate diet and the odds of colorectal cancer. RESULT After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals in the highest tertile of insulin indices had a higher risk of colorectal cancer (OR insulin index = 3.46; 95% CI, 2.00-5.96; OR insulin load = 2; 95% CI, 1.17-3.41). No association was found between a low-carbohydrate diet and colorectal cancer (OR = 1.55; 95% CI, 0.85-2.84). CONCLUSION Current results demonstrated that a high insulinemic diet was associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bahrami
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghdir
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ghadyani
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang L, He S, Liu L, Huang J. Saponin monomers: Potential candidates for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3564-3582. [PMID: 38715375 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a metabolic disease with persistent hyperglycemia primarily caused by insulin resistance (IR), has become one of the most serious health challenges of the 21st century, with considerable economic and societal implications worldwide. Considering the inevitable side effects of conventional antidiabetic drugs, natural ingredients exhibit promising therapeutic efficacy and can serve as safer and more cost-effective alternatives for the management of T2DM. Saponins are a structurally diverse class of amphiphilic compounds widely distributed in many popular herbal medicinal plants, some animals, and marine organisms. There are many saponin monomers, such as ginsenoside compound K, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, astragaloside IV, glycyrrhizin, and diosgenin, showing great efficacy in the treatment of T2DM and its complications in vivo and in vitro. However, although the mechanisms of action of saponin monomers at the animal and cell levels have been gradually elucidated, there is a lack of clinical data, which hinders the development of saponin-based antidiabetic drugs. Herein, the main factors/pathways associated with T2DM and the comprehensive underlying mechanisms and potential applications of these saponin monomers in the management of T2DM and its complications are reviewed and discussed, aiming to provide fundamental data for future high-quality clinical studies and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvzhuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Qianjiang Central Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Qianjiang, Hubei, China
| | - Shifeng He
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Jingzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangrong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Jingzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Xu Q, Xie C, Yang S, Li Y, Zhang M, Wan Z, Song L, Lv Y, Chen H, Wang Y, Mei S. Association between organophosphate esters individual and mixed exposure with the risk of hyperlipidemia and serum lipid levels among adults in Wuhan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:48629-48640. [PMID: 39037626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Toxicologic studies reported that organophosphate esters (OPEs) may disrupt lipid metabolism, thus affecting serum lipid levels. However, epidemiological evidence regarding the association between OPEs and the risk of hyperlipidemia (HPL) as well as serum lipid levels is scarce. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the impact of individual and mixed OPE exposure on HPL. A total of 1981 Chinese adults were involved based on a cross-sectional design. Overall, we found a positive association between bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) and the risk of HPL. Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) showed a positive association with total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). BDCIPP, diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), di-ocresyl phosphate and di-p-cresyl phosphate (Docp&Dpcp), and 4-hydroxyphenyl-diphenyl phosphate (4-OH-DPHP) exhibited a negative association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In stratified analyses, BDCIPP and BCIPHIPP were significantly correlated with the increased risk of HPL in the age ≤ 45 group. Bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) was in relationship with an elevated risk of HPL in the subgroup of BMI < 24 kg/m2. BDCIPP was also positively associated with HPL in men. Quantile-based g computation (qgcomp) and generalized weighted quantile sum regression (gWQS) models demonstrated a negative association between OPEs mixed exposure and HDL-c in the total population, as well as a positive effect of them on HPL in the subgroup of age ≤ 45 years, which is consistent with the individual analyses. Furthermore, joint effect analyses revealed that participants with detected BDCIPP urinary levels and unhealthy lifestyles had the highest risk of HPL. Our findings offer evidence supporting the correlation between exposure to OPE and the risk of HPL, necessitating further prospective studies for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Sijie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Mingye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengce Wan
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongman Lv
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Tricò D, Chiriacò M, Nouws J, Vash-Margita A, Kursawe R, Tarabra E, Galderisi A, Natali A, Giannini C, Hellerstein M, Ferrannini E, Caprio S. Alterations in Adipose Tissue Distribution, Cell Morphology, and Function Mark Primary Insulin Hypersecretion in Youth With Obesity. Diabetes 2024; 73:941-952. [PMID: 37870826 PMCID: PMC11109779 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Excessive insulin secretion independent of insulin resistance, defined as primary hypersecretion, is associated with obesity and an unfavorable metabolic phenotype. We examined the characteristics of adipose tissue of youth with primary insulin hypersecretion and the longitudinal metabolic alterations influenced by the complex adipo-insular interplay. In a multiethnic cohort of adolescents with obesity but without diabetes, primary insulin hypersecretors had enhanced model-derived β-cell glucose sensitivity and rate sensitivity but worse glucose tolerance, despite similar demographics, adiposity, and insulin resistance measured by both oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Hypersecretors had greater intrahepatic and visceral fat depots at abdominal MRI, hypertrophic abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes, higher free fatty acid and leptin serum levels per fat mass, and faster in vivo lipid turnover assessed by a long-term 2H2O labeling protocol. At 2-year follow-up, hypersecretors had greater fat accrual and a threefold higher risk for abnormal glucose tolerance, while individuals with hypertrophic adipocytes or higher leptin levels showed enhanced β-cell glucose sensitivity. Primary insulin hypersecretion is associated with marked alterations in adipose tissue distribution, cellularity, and lipid dynamics, independent of whole-body adiposity and insulin resistance. Pathogenetic insight into the metabolic crosstalk between β-cell and adipocyte may help to identify individuals at risk for chronic hyperinsulinemia, body weight gain, and glucose intolerance. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Chiriacò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jessica Nouws
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alla Vash-Margita
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Romy Kursawe
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | | | | | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio,” Chieti, Italy
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Ele Ferrannini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Janssen JAMJL. Overnutrition, Hyperinsulinemia and Ectopic Fat: It Is Time for A Paradigm Shift in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5488. [PMID: 38791525 PMCID: PMC11121669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide incidence of prediabetes/type 2 has continued to rise the last 40 years. In the same period, the mean daily energy intake has increased, and the quality of food has significantly changed. The chronic exposure of pancreatic β-cells to calorie excess (excessive energy intake) and food additives may increase pancreatic insulin secretion, decrease insulin pulses and/or reduce hepatic insulin clearance, thereby causing chronic hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance. Chronic calorie excess and hyperinsulinemia may promote lipogenesis, inhibit lipolysis and increase lipid storage in adipocytes. In addition, calorie excess and hyperinsulinemia can induce insulin resistance and contribute to progressive and excessive ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and pancreas by the conversion of excess calories into fat. The personal fat threshold hypothesis proposes that in susceptible individuals, excessive ectopic fat accumulation may eventually lead to hepatic insulin receptor resistance, the loss of pancreatic insulin secretion, hyperglycemia and the development of frank type 2 diabetes. Thus, type 2 diabetes seems (partly) to be caused by hyperinsulinemia-induced excess ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and pancreas. Increasing evidence further shows that interventions (hypocaloric diet and/or bariatric surgery), which remove ectopic fat in the liver and pancreas by introducing a negative energy balance, can normalize insulin secretion and glucose tolerance and induce the sustained biochemical remission of type 2 diabetes. This pathophysiological insight may have major implications and may cause a paradigm shift in the management of type 2 diabetes: avoiding/reducing ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and pancreas may both be essential to prevent and cure type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A M J L Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Saito M, Shimazaki Y, Yoshii S, Takeyama H. Periodontitis and the incidence of metabolic syndrome: An 8-year longitudinal study of an adult Japanese cohort. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:54-62. [PMID: 37743671 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the effect of periodontitis on the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MetS components. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 4761 participants aged 30-74 years who underwent health examinations at both baseline and 8-year follow-up. The Japanese MetS criteria were used for diagnosis. The Community Periodontal Index was used to assess periodontal status. The association between periodontal status and MetS incidence was examined by Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that individuals with a ≥6 mm periodontal pocket had a significantly higher relative risk (RR) for MetS onset, as compared to individuals without deep periodontal pockets (adjusted RR 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.67). Compared to individuals without a deep periodontal pocket, individuals with a ≥6 mm periodontal pocket had significantly higher RRs for developing two components of MetS; the RRs were 1.25 (95% CI: 1.01-1.56) for abdominal obesity and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.03-1.86) for hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with periodontitis had a significantly higher risk of MetS onset, possibly due to the influence of periodontitis on abdominal obesity and hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Saito
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimazaki
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Saori Yoshii
- Aichi Health Promotion Foundation, Nagoya, Japan
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Mohammadzadeh M, Bahrami A, Abdi F, Ghafouri-Taleghani F, Paydareh A, Jalali S, Heidari Z, Rashidkhani B. Dietary Diabetes Risk Reduction Score (DDRRS) and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Iran. Nutr Cancer 2023; 76:106-113. [PMID: 37986034 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2281025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the role of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in tumor initiation, we hypothesized that following a diet that reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes could also reduce the risk of breast cancer. Herein, we conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between dietary diabetes risk reduction score and breast cancer risk in Iranian women. METHOD We recruited 136 newly diagnosed cases and 272 age-matched hospitalized controls from referral hospitals. A valid and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect the data on dietary intake. We used Multivariate Logistic regression to assess the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of breast cancer by the dietary diabetes risk reduction score tertiles. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding variables, no association was seen between dietary diabetes risk reduction score and breast cancer risk (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.37-1.14). However, after stratification by menopausal status, a decreased risk was observed between adherence to dietary diabetes risk reduction score and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal individuals (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19-0.99). CONCLUSION The present study states that there is no significant relationship between the dietary diabetes risk reduction score and the risk of breast cancer. However, adherence to dietary diabetes risk reduction score could have a preventive role for breast cancer among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahrami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghafouri-Taleghani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Paydareh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Jalali
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Colombia Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zeinab Heidari
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Umbayev B, Saliev T, Safarova (Yantsen) Y, Yermekova A, Olzhayev F, Bulanin D, Tsoy A, Askarova S. The Role of Cdc42 in the Insulin and Leptin Pathways Contributing to the Development of Age-Related Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4964. [PMID: 38068822 PMCID: PMC10707920 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related obesity significantly increases the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and certain cancers. The insulin-leptin axis is crucial in understanding metabolic disturbances associated with age-related obesity. Rho GTPase Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of GTPases that participates in many cellular processes including, but not limited to, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, cell polarity, morphology, proliferation, motility, and migration. Cdc42 functions as an integral part of regulating insulin secretion and aging. Some novel roles for Cdc42 have also been recently identified in maintaining glucose metabolism, where Cdc42 is involved in controlling blood glucose levels in metabolically active tissues, including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, etc., which puts this protein in line with other critical regulators of glucose metabolism. Importantly, Cdc42 plays a vital role in cellular processes associated with the insulin and leptin signaling pathways, which are integral elements involved in obesity development if misregulated. Additionally, a change in Cdc42 activity may affect senescence, thus contributing to disorders associated with aging. This review explores the complex relationships among age-associated obesity, the insulin-leptin axis, and the Cdc42 signaling pathway. This article sheds light on the vast molecular web that supports metabolic dysregulation in aging people. In addition, it also discusses the potential therapeutic implications of the Cdc42 pathway to mitigate obesity since some new data suggest that inhibition of Cdc42 using antidiabetic drugs or antioxidants may promote weight loss in overweight or obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Yuliya Safarova (Yantsen)
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Aislu Yermekova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Farkhad Olzhayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Denis Bulanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Andrey Tsoy
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (Y.S.); (A.Y.); (F.O.); (A.T.); (S.A.)
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Rathod YD, Abdelgawad R, Hübner CA, Di Fulvio M. Slc12a2 loss in insulin-secreting β-cells links development of overweight and metabolic dysregulation to impaired satiation control of feeding. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E581-E594. [PMID: 37819196 PMCID: PMC10864024 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00197.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Male mice lacking the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter Slc12a2 (Nkcc1) specifically in insulin-secreting β-cells (Slc12a2βKO) have reduced β-cell mass and mild β-cell secretory dysfunction associated with overweight, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and metabolic abnormalities. Here, we confirmed and extended previous results to female Slc12a2βKO mice, which developed a similar metabolic syndrome-like phenotype as males, albeit milder. Notably, male and female Slc12a2βKO mice developed overweight without consuming excess calories. Analysis of the feeding microstructure revealed that young lean Slc12a2βKO male mice ate meals of higher caloric content and at a relatively lower frequency than normal mice, particularly during the night. In addition, overweight Slc12a2βKO mice consumed significantly larger meals than lean mice. Therefore, the reduced satiation control of feeding precedes the onset of overweight and is worsened in older Slc12a2βKO mice. However, the time spent between meals remained intact in lean and overweight Slc12a2βKO mice, indicating conserved satiety responses to ad libitum feeding. Nevertheless, satiety was intensified during and after refeeding only in overweight males. In lean females, satiety responses to refeeding were delayed relative to age- and body weight-matched control mice but normalized in overweight mice. Since meal size did not change during refeeding, these data suggested that the satiety control of eating after fasting is impaired in lean Slc12a2βKO mice before the onset of overweight and independently of their reduced satiation responses. Therefore, our results support the novel hypothesis that reduced satiation precedes the onset of overweight and the development of metabolic dysregulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obesity, defined as excess fat accumulation, increases the absolute risk for metabolic diseases. Although obesity is usually attributed to increased food intake, we demonstrate that body weight gain can be hastened without consuming excess calories. In fact, impaired meal termination control, i.e., satiation, is detectable before the development of overweight in an animal model that develops a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakshkumar Dilipbhai Rathod
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine Dayton, Wright State University, Ohio, United States
| | - Rana Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine Dayton, Wright State University, Ohio, United States
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institut für Humangenetik Am Klinikum 1, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Mauricio Di Fulvio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine Dayton, Wright State University, Ohio, United States
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14
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Bonet ML, Ribot J, Picó C. Decoding the Mechanisms Behind Early Weaning-Driven Obesity and the Leucine "Solution". Diabetes 2023; 72:1347-1349. [PMID: 37729508 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Sidhu SK, Aleman JO, Heffron SP. Obesity Duration and Cardiometabolic Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1764-1774. [PMID: 37650325 PMCID: PMC10544713 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease risk is known to be influenced by both the severity of a risk factor and the duration of exposure (eg, LDL [low-density lipoprotein] cholesterol, tobacco smoke). However, this concept has been largely neglected within the obesity literature. While obesity severity has been closely linked with cardiometabolic diseases, the risk of developing these conditions among those with obesity may be augmented by greater obesity duration over the life span. Few longitudinal or contemporary studies have investigated the influence of both factors in combination-cumulative obesity exposure-instead generally focusing on obesity severity, often at a single time point, given ease of use and lack of established methods to encapsulate duration. Our review focuses on what is known about the influence of the duration of exposure to excess adiposity within the obesity-associated cardiometabolic disease risk equation by means of summarizing the hypothesized mechanisms for and evidence surrounding the relationships of obesity duration with diverse cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Through the synthesis of the currently available data, we aim to highlight the importance of a better understanding of the influence of obesity duration in cardiovascular and metabolic disease pathogenesis. We underscore the clinical importance of aggressive early attention to obesity identification and intervention to prevent the development of chronic diseases that arise from exposure to excess body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharnendra K. Sidhu
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose O. Aleman
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean P. Heffron
- Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Langone Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Kitamoto T, Accili D. Unraveling the mysteries of hepatic insulin signaling: deconvoluting the nuclear targets of insulin. Endocr J 2023; 70:851-866. [PMID: 37245960 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej23-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 100 years have passed since insulin was first administered to a diabetic patient. Since then great strides have been made in diabetes research. It has determined where insulin is secreted from, which organs it acts on, how it is transferred into the cell and is delivered to the nucleus, how it orchestrates the expression pattern of the genes, and how it works with each organ to maintain systemic metabolism. Any breakdown in this system leads to diabetes. Thanks to the numerous researchers who have dedicated their lives to cure diabetes, we now know that there are three major organs where insulin acts to maintain glucose/lipid metabolism: the liver, muscles, and fat. The failure of insulin action on these organs, such as insulin resistance, result in hyperglycemia and/or dyslipidemia. The primary trigger of this condition and its association among these tissues still remain to be uncovered. Among the major organs, the liver finely tunes the glucose/lipid metabolism to maintain metabolic flexibility, and plays a crucial role in glucose/lipid abnormality due to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance disrupts this tuning, and selective insulin resistance arises. The glucose metabolism loses its sensitivity to insulin, while the lipid metabolism maintains it. The clarification of its mechanism is warranted to reverse the metabolic abnormalities due to insulin resistance. This review will provide a brief historical review for the progress of the pathophysiology of diabetes since the discovery of insulin, followed by a review of the current research clarifying our understanding of selective insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
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17
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Carson KE, Alvarez J, Mackley J, Travagli RA, Browning KN. Perinatal high-fat diet exposure alters oxytocin and corticotropin releasing factor inputs onto vagal neurocircuits controlling gastric motility. J Physiol 2023; 601:2853-2875. [PMID: 37154244 PMCID: PMC10524104 DOI: 10.1113/jp284726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal high-fat diet (pHFD) exposure alters the development of vagal neurocircuits that control gastrointestinal (GI) motility and reduce stress resiliency in offspring. Descending oxytocin (OXT; prototypical anti-stress peptide) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF; prototypical stress peptide) inputs from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) modulate the GI stress response. How these descending inputs, and their associated changes to GI motility and stress responses, are altered following pHFD exposure are, however, unknown. The present study used retrograde neuronal tracing experiments, cerebrospinal fluid extraction, in vivo recordings of gastric tone, motility and gastric emptying rates, and in vitro electrophysiological recordings from brainstem slice preparations to investigate the hypothesis that pHFD alters descending PVN-DMV inputs and dysregulates vagal brain-gut responses to stress. Compared to controls, rats exposed to pHFD had slower gastric emptying rates and did not respond to acute stress with the expected delay in gastric emptying. Neuronal tracing experiments demonstrated that pHFD reduced the number of PVNOXT neurons that project to the DMV, but increased PVNCRF neurons. Both in vitro electrophysiology recordings of DMV neurons and in vivo recordings of gastric motility and tone demonstrated that, following pHFD, PVNCRF -DMV projections were tonically active, and that pharmacological antagonism of brainstem CRF1 receptors restored the appropriate gastric response to brainstem OXT application. These results suggest that pHFD exposure disrupts descending PVN-DMV inputs, leading to a dysregulated vagal brain-gut response to stress. KEY POINTS: Maternal high-fat diet exposure is associated with gastric dysregulation and stress sensitivity in offspring. The present study demonstrates that perinatal high-fat diet exposure downregulates hypothalamic-vagal oxytocin (OXT) inputs but upregulates hypothalamic-vagal corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) inputs. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that, following perinatal high-fat diet, CRF receptors were tonically active at NTS-DMV synapses, and that pharmacological antagonism of these receptors restored the appropriate gastric response to OXT. The current study suggests that perinatal high-fat diet exposure disrupts descending PVN-DMV inputs, leading to a dysregulated vagal brain-gut response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E. Carson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Jared Alvarez
- Barrett Honors College, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Jasmine Mackley
- Schreyer Honors College, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | | | - Kirsteen N. Browning
- Address for correspondence: Kirsteen N. Browning, PhD, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, MC H109, Hershey, PA, 17033;
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18
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Hall LG, Thyfault JP, Johnson JD. Exercise and inactivity as modifiers of β cell function and type 2 diabetes risk. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:823-839. [PMID: 36759159 PMCID: PMC10042613 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00472.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and regular physical activity are beneficial for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas exercise cessation, defined as deconditioning from regular exercise or physical activity that has lasted for a period of months to years, can lead to metabolic derangements that drive disease. Adaptations to the insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are an important benefit of exercise, whereas less is known about how exercise cessation affects these cells. Our aim is to review the impact that exercise and exercise cessation have on β-cell function, with a focus on the evidence from studies examining glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) using gold-standard techniques. Potential mechanisms by which the β-cell adapts to exercise, including exerkine and incretin signaling, autonomic nervous system signaling, and changes in insulin clearance, will also be explored. We will highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam G Hall
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Di Giorgio NP, Bizzozzero-Hiriart M, Surkin PN, Repetto E, Bonaventura MM, Tabares FN, Bourguignon NS, Converti A, Gomez JMR, Bettler B, Lux-Lantos V. Deletion of GABAB receptors from Kiss1 cells affects glucose homeostasis without altering reproduction in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E314-E329. [PMID: 36652400 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), synthesized in the central nervous system, are critical for reproduction. Both are also expressed in peripheral organs/tissues critical to metabolic control (liver/pancreas/adipose). Many kisspeptin neurons coexpress GABAB receptors (GABABR) and GABA controls kisspeptin expression and secretion. We developed a unique mouse lacking GABABR exclusively from kisspeptin cells/neurons (Kiss1-GABAB1KO) to evaluate the impact on metabolism/reproduction. We confirmed selective deletion of GABABR from Kiss1 cells in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus/periventricular nucleus continuum (AVPV/PeN; immunofluorescence and PCR) and arcuate nucleus (ARC), medial amygdala (MeA), pituitary, liver, and testes (PCR). Young Kiss1-GABAB1KO males were fertile, with normal LH and testosterone. Kiss1 expression was similar between genotypes in AVPV/PeN, ARC, MeA, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and peripheral organs (testis, liver, pituitary). Kiss1-GABAB1KO males presented higher fasted glycemia and insulin levels, an impaired response to a glucose overload, reduced insulin sensitivity, and marked insulin resistance. Interestingly, when Kiss1-GABAB1KO males got older (9 mo old) their body weight (BW) increased, in part due to an increase in white adipose tissue (WAT). Old Kiss1-GABAB1KO males showed higher fasted insulin, increased pancreatic insulin content, insulin resistance, and significantly decreased pancreatic kisspeptin levels. In sum, lack of GABABR specifically in Kiss1 cells severely impacts glucose homeostasis in male mice, reinforcing kisspeptin involvement in metabolic regulation. These alterations in glucose homeostasis worsened with aging. We highlight the impact of GABA through GABABR in the regulation of the pancreas kisspeptin system in contrast to liver kisspeptin that was not affected.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed a unique mouse lacking GABAB receptors specifically in Kiss1 cells to evaluate the impact on reproduction and metabolism. Knockout males showed a severe impact on glucose homeostasis, which worsened with aging. These results reinforce the proposed kisspeptin involvement in metabolic regulation and highlight the impact of GABA through GABABR in the regulation of the peripheral pancreas kisspeptin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia P Di Giorgio
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianne Bizzozzero-Hiriart
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo N Surkin
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Repetto
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Bonaventura
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia N Tabares
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia S Bourguignon
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Converti
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Riaño Gomez
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Lux-Lantos
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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de Laat MA, Fitzgerald DM. Equine metabolic syndrome: Role of the enteroinsular axis in the insulin response to oral carbohydrate. Vet J 2023; 294:105967. [PMID: 36858344 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.105967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Equine insulin dysregulation (ID) comprises amplified insulin responses to oral carbohydrates or insulin resistance, or both, which leads to sustained or periodic hyperinsulinaemia. Hyperinsulinaemia is important in horses because of its clear association with laminitis risk, and the gravity of this common sequela justifies the need for a better understanding of insulin and glucose homoeostasis in this species. Post-prandial hyperinsulinaemia is the more commonly identified component of ID and is diagnosed using tests that include an assessment of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). There are several factors present in the GIT that either directly, or indirectly, enhance insulin secretion from the endocrine pancreas, and these factors are collectively referred to as the enteroinsular axis (EIA). A role for key components of the EIA, such as the incretin peptides glucagon-like peptide-1 and 2, in the pathophysiology of ID has been investigated in horses. By comparison, the function (and even existence) of many EIA peptides of potential importance, such as glicentin and oxyntomodulin, remains unexplored. The incretins that have been examined all increase insulin responses to oral carbohydrate through one or more mechanisms. This review presents what is known about the EIA in horses, and discusses how it might contribute to ID, then compares this to current understanding derived from the extensive studies undertaken in other species. Future directions for research are discussed and knowledge gaps that should be prioritised are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody A de Laat
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia.
| | - Danielle M Fitzgerald
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
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21
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Yang LS, Yan LJ, Meng GX, Ding ZN, Yao SY, Li HC, Dong ZR, Chen ZQ, Hong JG, Li T. The Association of Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Daily Carbohydrates Intake with the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:461-469. [PMID: 36411493 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2149822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and daily carbohydrates intake have been associated with a variety of cancers, but their implications in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. The purpose of our study is to investigate the association of GI, GL and daily carbohydrates intake with the risk of HCC. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science until November 2020. According to the degree of heterogeneity, random effect model or fixed effect model was chosen to obtain the pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Four cohort studies and three case-control studies were eventually included. The pooled results showed no significant association of GI (RR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.80-1.53), GL (RR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.76-1.55), and daily carbohydrates intake (RR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.84-1.32) with the risk of HCC in the general population. Subgroup analysis revealed that in hepatitis B virus (HBV) or/and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive group, GI was irrelevant to the risk of HCC (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.32-1.32), while a high GL diet was associated with a higher risk of HCC (RR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.04-2.23). In contrast, in HBV and HCV-negative group, both GI (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.88-1.70) and GL (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.83-1.64) were not associated with the risk of HCC. Conclusion: A high GL diet increases the risk of HCC in those with viral hepatitis. A low GL diet is recommended for them to reduce the risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Shan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Lun-Jie Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Xiao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Niu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Yu Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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22
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Battezzati A, Foppiani A, Leone A, De Amicis R, Spadafranca A, Mari A, Bertoli S. Acute Insulin Secretory Effects of a Classic Ketogenic Meal in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Cross-Over Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051119. [PMID: 36904127 PMCID: PMC10005334 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The classic ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that mimics a starvation state with sufficient caloric intake to sustain growth and development. KD is an established treatment for several diseases, and it is currently evaluated in the management of insulin-resistant states, although insulin secretion after a classic ketogenic meal has never been investigated. We measured the insulin secretion to a ketogenic meal in 12 healthy subjects (50% females, age range 19-31 years, BMI range 19.7-24.7 kg/m2) after cross-over administrations of a Mediterranean meal and a ketogenic meal both satisfying ~40% of an individual's total energy requirement, in random order and separated by a 7-day washout period. Venous blood was sampled at baseline and at 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min to measure glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations. Insulin secretion was calculated from C-peptide deconvolution and normalized to the estimated body surface area. Glucose, insulin concentrations, and insulin secretory rate were markedly reduced after the ketogenic meal with respect to the Mediterranean meal: glucose AUC in the first OGTT hour -643 mg × dL-1 × min-1, 95% CI -1134, -152, p = 0.015; total insulin concentration -44,943 pmol/L, 95% CI -59,181, -3706, p < 0.001; peak rate of insulin secretion -535 pmol × min-1 × m-2, 95% CI -763, -308, p < 0.001. We have shown that a ketogenic meal is disposed of with only a minimal insulin secretory response compared to a Mediterranean meal. This finding may be of interest to patients with insulin resistance and or insulin secretory defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Battezzati
- ICANS-DIS, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Foppiani
- ICANS-DIS, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Leone
- ICANS-DIS, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ramona De Amicis
- ICANS-DIS, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Spadafranca
- ICANS-DIS, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Neuroscience, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- ICANS-DIS, Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Obesity Unit and Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20145 Milan, Italy
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23
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Role of oral and gut microbiota in childhood obesity. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:197-206. [PMID: 36626083 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity not only causes damage to children's respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, motor, and other systems but also is a significant risk factor for metabolic diseases such as obesity in adulthood, which has become one of the serious public health problems worldwide. The etiology and pathogenesis of obesity are complex. In addition to genetic and lifestyle factors, recent studies have found that the microbes in the digestive tract play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of obesity. Among them, the gut microbiota has been confirmed to be one of the important pathogenic factors of obesity, which can mediate the occurrence and development of obesity by interfering with the balance of host energy metabolism and inducing low-grade chronic inflammation throughout the host. Targeting the gut microbiota to treat obesity through various methods such as fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary intervention, and probiotic supplementation has become a research hotspot in obesity treatment. In addition, the oral microbiota is also considered closely related to the occurrence and development of obesity due to its regulatory effect on the balance of gut microbiota. Exploring the relationship between oral and gut microbiota and childhood obesity elucidates the pathogenesis and treatment concepts of childhood obesity from a new perspective. It may provide new methods for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity in the future.
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Mokhtari E, Jamshidi S, Daftari G, Farhadnejad H, Teymoori F, Momeni SA, Rashidkhani B, Mirmiran P. The relationship between the insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study among iranian adult women. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:4. [PMID: 36617570 PMCID: PMC9827678 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-01016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer, with a higher mortality rate in women worldwide. We aimed to investigate the association of the insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle with the odds of BC using empirical indices, including the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH), empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia (ELIH), the empirical dietary index for insulin resistance (EDIR), and empirical lifestyle index for insulin resistance (ELIR). METHODS This hospital-based case-control study was conducted among Tehranian adult women aged≥30 years. The final analysis was performed on 134 women newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed BC as a case and 267 healthy women of the same age as control. A 168-food item food frequency questionnaire was used for assessing dietary intakes at baseline. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of BC across tertiles of EDIH, ELIH, EDIR, and ELIR were determined using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS The mean ± SD of age and BMI of participants were 47.9±10.3 years and 29.4±5.5 kg/m2, respectively. EDIH score was related to the higher risk of BC based on fully adjusted models (OR:2.24;95%CI:1.21-4.12, Ptrend=0.016). Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed a higher BC risk with increasing EDIH score in postmenopausal women (OR:1.74, 95%CI:1.13-2.69) and those without a history of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use (OR:1.44;95%CI:1.02-2.04). Moreover, ELIH scores were positively associated with an increased risk of BC in postmenopausal women (OR; 1.98; 95% CI: 1.35 - 2.89), those with a family history of cancer (OR:1.94;95%CI:1.10-3.42), and in individuals who did not use OCP (OR:1.46; 95% CI:1.00-2.12). CONCLUSION Our results showed a possible link between EDIH and higher BC risk. Also, higher EDIH and ELIH scores were strongly associated with a higher risk of BC in postmenopausal women, those with a family history of BC, and those who do not use OCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mokhtari
- grid.411600.2Student Research Committee, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jamshidi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Daftari
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Aref Momeni
- grid.412475.10000 0001 0506 807XDepartment of Physical Education and Sport Science, Humanity Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- grid.411600.2Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- grid.411600.2Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Zhu R, Chen S. Proteomic analysis reveals semaglutide impacts lipogenic protein expression in epididymal adipose tissue of obese mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1095432. [PMID: 37025414 PMCID: PMC10070826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1095432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is a global health problem with few pharmacologic options. Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue that induces weight loss. Yet, the role of semaglutide in adipose tissue has not yet been examined. The following study investigated the mechanism of semaglutide on lipid metabolism by analyzing proteomics of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in obese mice. METHODS A total of 36 C57BL/6JC mice were randomly divided into a normal-chow diet group (NCD, n = 12), high-fat diet (HFD, n = 12), and HFD+semaglutide group (Sema, n = 12). Mice in the Sema group were intraperitoneally administered semaglutide, and the HFD group and the NCD group were intraperitoneally administered an equal volume of normal saline. Serum samples were collected to detect fasting blood glucose and blood lipids. The Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was used to measure the blood glucose value at each time point and calculate the area under the glucose curve. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to study the expression of eWAT, while cellular processes, biological processes, corresponding molecular functions, and related network molecular mechanisms were analyzed by bioinformatics. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the semaglutide-treated mice presented 640 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 292 up-regulated and 348 down-regulated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed a reduction of CD36, FABP5, ACSL, ACOX3, PLIN2, ANGPTL4, LPL, MGLL, AQP7, and PDK4 involved in the lipid metabolism in the Sema group accompanied by a decrease in visceral fat accumulation, blood lipids, and improvement in glucose intolerance. CONCLUSION Semaglutide can effectively reduce visceral fat and blood lipids and improve glucose metabolism in obese mice. Semaglutide treatment might have beneficial effects on adipose tissues through the regulation of lipid uptake, lipid storage, and lipolysis in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhu
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Shuchun Chen,
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26
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Zhang Y, Shen T, Wang S. Progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by overnutrition. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:591-597. [PMID: 36197636 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prediabetes has developed into a global pandemic, its prevalence increasing year by year. Although lifestyle changes are advocated as the basis for prediabetes treatment, some patients fail to choose or adhere to appropriate interventions. The basis for selecting an appropriate intervention is determining the stage and cause of the disease. In this review, we aimed to examine the various types and disease processes of prediabetes caused by overnutrition, the present review supporting the hypothesis that overnutrition-induced hyperinsulinemia precedes insulin resistance (IR) and independently causes β-cell dysfunction. Tissue insulin resistance is the main feature of prediabetes with the crosstalk between tissues promoting the formation of systemic insulin resistance. Finally, both β-cell dysfunction induced by hyperinsulinemia or IR and reduced β-cell mass can lead to abnormal insulin secretion and contribute to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hence, overnutrition can cause multiple prediabetes phenotypes resulting in development of T2DM through different trajectories. Future diagnosis and treatment should therefore more carefully consider the disease phenotype and stage of development in patients with prediabetes to reduce the incidence of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Zhang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, No.55, West of Zhongshan Ave., Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tuming Shen
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, No.55, West of Zhongshan Ave., Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, No.55, West of Zhongshan Ave., Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510006, Guangdong Province, China.
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27
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dos Santos KC, Olofsson C, Cunha JPMCM, Roberts F, Catrina S, Fex M, Ekberg NR, Spégel P. The impact of macronutrient composition on metabolic regulation: An Islet-Centric view. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13884. [PMID: 36056607 PMCID: PMC9787959 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM The influence of dietary carbohydrates and fats on weight gain is inconclusively understood. We studied the acute impact of these nutrients on the overall metabolic state utilizing the insulin:glucagon ratio (IGR). METHODS Following in vitro glucose and palmitate treatment, insulin and glucagon secretion from islets isolated from C57Bl/6J mice was measured. Our human in vivo study included 21 normoglycaemia (mean age 51.9 ± 16.5 years, BMI 23.9 ± 3.5 kg/m2 , and HbA1c 36.9 ± 3.3 mmol/mol) and 20 type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosed individuals (duration 12 ± 7 years, mean age 63.6 ± 4.5 years, BMI 29.1 ± 2.4 kg/m2 , and HbA1c 52.3 ± 9.5 mmol/mol). Individuals consumed a carbohydrate-rich or fat-rich meal (600 kcal) in a cross-over design. Plasma insulin and glucagon levels were measured at -30, -5, and 0 min, and every 30 min until 240 min after meal ingestion. RESULTS The IGR measured from mouse islets was determined solely by glucose levels. The palmitate-stimulated hormone secretion was largely glucose independent in the analysed mouse islets. The acute meal tolerance test demonstrated that insulin and glucagon secretion is dependent on glycaemic status and meal composition, whereas the IGR was dependent upon meal composition. The relative reduction in IGR elicited by the fat-rich meal was more pronounced in obese individuals. This effect was blunted in T2D individuals with elevated HbA1c levels. CONCLUSION The metabolic state in normoglycaemic individuals and T2D-diagnosed individuals is regulated by glucose. We demonstrate that consumption of a low carbohydrate diet, eliciting a catabolic state, may be beneficial for weight loss, particularly in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klinsmann Carolo dos Santos
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of ChemistryLund UniversityLundSweden,Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Camilla Olofsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | | | - Fiona Roberts
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Sergiu‐Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Centrum for DiabetesAcademic Specialist CentrumStockholmSweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Clinical Sciences in MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Neda Rajamand Ekberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden,Centrum for DiabetesAcademic Specialist CentrumStockholmSweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of ChemistryLund UniversityLundSweden
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28
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Pal SC, Eslam M, Mendez-Sanchez N. Detangling the interrelations between MAFLD, insulin resistance, and key hormones. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:573-589. [PMID: 35921046 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has increasingly become a significant and highly prevalent cause of chronic liver disease, displaying a wide array of risk factors and pathophysiologic mechanisms of which only a few have so far been clearly elucidated. A bidirectional interaction between hormonal discrepancies and metabolic-related disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been described. Since the change in nomenclature from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to MAFLD is based on the clear impact of metabolic elements on the disease, the reciprocal interactions of hormones such as insulin, adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and estrogens have strongly pointed to the intrinsic links that lead to the heterogeneous epidemiology, clinical presentations, and risk factors involved in MAFLD in different populations. The objective of this work is twofold. Firstly, there is a brief discussion regarding the change in nomenclature as well as epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiologic mechanisms other than hormonal effects, which include nutrition and the gut microbiome, as well as genetic and epigenetic influences. Secondly, we review the basis of the most important hormonal factors involved in the development and progression of MAFLD that act both independently and in an interrelated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya C Pal
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, 4510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150. Col. Toriello Guerra, 14050, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nahum Mendez-Sanchez
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, 4510, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150. Col. Toriello Guerra, 14050, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
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29
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Wang C, Wang L, Wang X, Cao Z. Beneficial Effects of Melatonin on Periodontitis Management: Far More Than Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314541. [PMID: 36498871 PMCID: PMC9739298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis as a highly prevalent chronic infection/inflammatory disease can eventually lead to tooth loss and masticatory dysfunction. It also has a negative impact on general health and largely impairs quality of life. The tissue destruction during periodontitis is mainly caused by the excessive immune-inflammatory response; hence, how to modulate the host's reaction is of profound importance for effective periodontal treatment and tissue protection. Melatonin, as an endogenous hormone exhibiting multiple biological functions such as circadian rhythm regulation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation, has been widely used in general healthcare. Notably, the past few years have witnessed increasing evidence for the application of melatonin as an adjunctive approach in the treatment of periodontitis and periodontitis-related systemic comorbidities. The detailed underlying mechanisms and more verification from clinical practice are still lacking, however, and further investigations are highly required. Importantly, it is essential to establish standard guidelines in the near future for the clinical administration of melatonin for periodontal health and general wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence:
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30
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Kapralou AN, Chrousos GP. Metabolic effects of truncal vagotomy when combined with bariatric-metabolic surgery. Metabolism 2022; 135:155263. [PMID: 35835160 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric-metabolic surgery (BMS) in patients with obesity frequently leads to remission of concurrent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), even before body weight loss takes place. This is probably based on the correction of a dysmetabolic cycle in the gastrointestinal physiology of T2DM that includes increased vagus-dependent exocrine pancreatic secretion (EPS) and, hence, amplified digestion and nutrient absorption. The resultant chronic exposure of tissues to high plasma levels of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids causes tissue resistance to the actions of insulin and, at a later stage, β-cell dysfunction and reduction of insulin release. We hypothesize that the addition of a surgical truncal vagotomy (TV) may improve and solidify the beneficial results of BMS on T2DM by stably decreasing EPS, - hence reducing the digestion and absorption of nutrients -, and increasing incretin secretion as a result of increased delivery of unabsorbed nutrients to the distal intestine. This hypothesis is supported by surgical data from gastrointestinal malignancies and peptic ulcer operations that include TV, as well as by vagal blockade studies. We suggest that TV may result in a stable reduction of EPS, and that its combination with the appropriate type of BΜS, may enhance and sustain the salutary effects of the latter on T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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31
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Razzaki TS, Weiner A, Shukla AP. Tirzepatide: Does the Evidence to Date Show Potential for the Treatment of Early Stage Type 2 Diabetes? Ther Clin Risk Manag 2022; 18:955-964. [PMID: 36199834 PMCID: PMC9527616 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s328056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tirzepatide is a novel “twincretin” with glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist activity, which was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we discuss preclinical and mechanistic human studies, which demonstrate improvements in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function with the use of tirzepatide, as compared to placebo and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists. We then discuss SURPASS trials 1–5, which evaluated the safety and efficacy of tirzepatide for type 2 diabetes mellitus as either monotherapy or combination therapy with other antidiabetic agents. The magnitude of tirzepatide’s effects and the efficacy relative to other anti-diabetes medications on weight, glycemic control, and beta-cell function may prove beneficial for the treatment of early type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies, including data on cardiovascular outcomes and long-term safety, will continue to elucidate the role of tirzepatide in the treatment algorithm of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzila S Razzaki
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alyson Weiner
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alpana P Shukla
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Alpana P Shukla, Email
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32
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Kupczyk D, Bilski R, Kozakiewicz M, Studzińska R, Kędziora-Kornatowska K, Kosmalski T, Pedrycz-Wieczorska A, Głowacka M. 11β-HSD as a New Target in Pharmacotherapy of Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168984. [PMID: 36012251 PMCID: PMC9409048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), which are secreted by the adrenal cortex, are important regulators in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. For the proper functioning of the body, strict control of their release is necessary, as increased GCs levels may contribute to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and other pathological conditions contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (11β-HSD1) locally controls the availability of the active glucocorticoid, namely cortisol and corticosterone, for the glucocorticoid receptor. Therefore, the participation of 11β-HSD1 in the development of metabolic diseases makes both this enzyme and its inhibitors attractive targets in the pharmacotherapy of the above-mentioned diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kupczyk
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Rafał Bilski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Department of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Dębowa 3, 85-626 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Renata Studzińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Dębowa 3, 85-626 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kosmalski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Mariola Głowacka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mazovian State University in Płock, Plac Dąbrowskiego 2, 09-402 Płock, Poland
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Competing paradigms of obesity pathogenesis: energy balance versus carbohydrate-insulin models. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1209-1221. [PMID: 35896818 PMCID: PMC9436778 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The obesity pandemic continues unabated despite a persistent public health campaign to decrease energy intake (“eat less”) and increase energy expenditure (“move more”). One explanation for this failure is that the current approach, based on the notion of energy balance, has not been adequately embraced by the public. Another possibility is that this approach rests on an erroneous paradigm. A new formulation of the energy balance model (EBM), like prior versions, considers overeating (energy intake > expenditure) the primary cause of obesity, incorporating an emphasis on “complex endocrine, metabolic, and nervous system signals” that control food intake below conscious level. This model attributes rising obesity prevalence to inexpensive, convenient, energy-dense, “ultra-processed” foods high in fat and sugar. An alternative view, the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM), proposes that hormonal responses to highly processed carbohydrates shift energy partitioning toward deposition in adipose tissue, leaving fewer calories available for the body’s metabolic needs. Thus, increasing adiposity causes overeating to compensate for the sequestered calories. Here, we highlight robust contrasts in how the EBM and CIM view obesity pathophysiology and consider deficiencies in the EBM that impede paradigm testing and refinement. Rectifying these deficiencies should assume priority, as a constructive paradigm clash is needed to resolve long-standing scientific controversies and inform the design of new models to guide prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, public health action need not await resolution of this debate, as both models target processed carbohydrates as major drivers of obesity.
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Secor JD, Cho BS, Yu LJ, Pan A, Ko VH, Dao DT, Feigh M, Anez-Bustillos L, Fell GL, Fraser DA, Gura KM, Puder M. Structurally-engineered fatty acid 1024 (SEFA-1024) improves diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease. Lipids 2022; 57:241-255. [PMID: 35778847 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that drives morbidity and mortality through cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). No definitive therapy has been approved to improve glycemic control and treat NAFLD in obese patients. Here, we investigated a semi-synthetic, long chain, structurally-engineered fatty acid-1024 (SEFA-1024), as a treatment for obesity-induced hyperglycemia, insulin-resistance, and fatty liver disease in rodent models. A single dose of SEFA-1024 was administered to evaluate glucose tolerance and active glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in lean rats in the presence and absence of a DPP-4 inhibitor. The effects of SEFA-1024 on weight loss and glycemic control were assessed in genetic (ob/ob) and environmental (high-fat diet) murine models of obesity. Liver histology, serum liver enzymes, liver lipidomics, and hepatic gene expression were also assessed in the high-fat diet murine model. SEFA-1024 reversed obesity-associated insulin resistance and improved glycemic control. SEFA-1024 increased active GLP-1. In a long-term model of diet-induced obesity, SEFA-1024 reversed excessive weight gain, hepatic steatosis, elevated liver enzymes, hepatic lipotoxicity, and promoted fatty acid metabolism. SEFA-1024 is an enterohepatic-targeted, eicosapentaenoic acid derivative that reverses obesity-induced dysregulated glucose metabolism and hepatic lipotoxicity in genetic and dietary rodent models of obesity. The mechanism by which SEFA-1024 works may include increasing aGLP-1, promoting fatty acid oxidation, and inhibiting hepatic triglyceride formation. SEFA-1024 may serve as a potential treatment for obesity-related diabetes and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon D Secor
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bennet S Cho
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lumeng J Yu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria H Ko
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Duy T Dao
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lorenzo Anez-Bustillos
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gillian L Fell
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M Gura
- Department of Pharmacy, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Alqaderi H, Hegazi F, Al-Mulla F, Chiu CJ, Kantarci A, Al-Ozairi E, Abu-Farha M, Bin-Hasan S, Alsumait A, Abubaker J, Devarajan S, Goodson JM, Hasturk H, Tavares M. Salivary Biomarkers as Predictors of Obesity and Intermediate Hyperglycemia in Adolescents. Front Public Health 2022; 10:800373. [PMID: 35757631 PMCID: PMC9231680 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.800373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity presents a major risk for metabolic diseases in adulthood. Noninvasive methods are needed for predicting the course of obesity in children and its complications. Using blood for longitudinal analyses of biomarkers to predict disease in children is not a convenient method. Saliva presents a noninvasive platform to detect inflammatory changes in biomarkers as possible predictive measures of future pathological events. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between specific salivary biomarkers, obesity, and intermediate hyperglycemia in children. We also investigated the longitudinal association between the salivary biomarkers and change in Body Mass Index-for-age percentile scores (BMIz). Methods Data on 353 adolescents were collected from the individuals recruited for seven years in an ongoing Kuwait Healthy Life Study cohort. BMIz was measured at 10, 12, and 17 years of age. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, Leptin, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Insulin, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured in saliva and serum. Additionally, fasting blood plasma glucose levels were recorded. Multilevel longitudinal regression modeling, mediation analyses, and logistic regression were used to determine the predictive value of salivary biomarkers in obesity and hyperglycemia. Results Longitudinal analyses showed that with each one-unit increase of salivary CRP and insulin, there was a 3.5 kg/m2 and 3.2 kg/m2 increase in BMIz, respectively. Comparable to serum CRP and insulin, higher salivary CRP and insulin OR 4.94 [95%CI: 1.66,14., OR 2.64 [95%CI: 1.09, 6.38], respectively) were predictive of hyperglycemia and obesity (OR 4.53 [95%CI: 2.40,8.50], OR 3.29 [95%CI: 1.82,5.97], respectively). Insulin was a strong mediator in the relationship between obesity and hyperglycemia. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that salivary CRP and insulin were associated with hyperglycemia, obesity, and possibly diabetes in adolescents. Salivary biomarkers are a noninvasive approach with significant value for disease risk assessment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Alqaderi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.,Kuwait School Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.,Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fahad Hegazi
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Chung-Jung Chiu
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ebaa Al-Ozairi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Saadoun Bin-Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.,Farwaniya Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sabah Al Nasser, Kuwait
| | - Aishah Alsumait
- Kuwait School Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sriraman Devarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - J Max Goodson
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mary Tavares
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Goh KK, Chen CYA, Wu TH, Chen CH, Lu ML. Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Oxytocinergic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137092. [PMID: 35806096 PMCID: PMC9266532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in persons with schizophrenia has spurred investigational efforts to study the mechanism beneath its pathophysiology. Early psychosis dysfunction is present across multiple organ systems. On this account, schizophrenia may be a multisystem disorder in which one organ system is predominantly affected and where other organ systems are also concurrently involved. Growing evidence of the overlapping neurobiological profiles of metabolic risk factors and psychiatric symptoms, such as an association with cognitive dysfunction, altered autonomic nervous system regulation, desynchrony in the resting-state default mode network, and shared genetic liability, suggest that metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia are connected via common pathways that are central to schizophrenia pathogenesis, which may be underpinned by oxytocin system dysfunction. Oxytocin, a hormone that involves in the mechanisms of food intake and metabolic homeostasis, may partly explain this piece of the puzzle in the mechanism underlying this association. Given its prosocial and anorexigenic properties, oxytocin has been administered intranasally to investigate its therapeutic potential in schizophrenia and obesity. Although the pathophysiology and mechanisms of oxytocinergic dysfunction in metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia are both complex and it is still too early to draw a conclusion upon, oxytocinergic dysfunction may yield a new mechanistic insight into schizophrenia pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Kheng Goh
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (K.K.G.); (C.Y.-A.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Cynthia Yi-An Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (K.K.G.); (C.Y.-A.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Hua Wu
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (K.K.G.); (C.Y.-A.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (K.K.G.); (C.Y.-A.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Razan MR, Akther F, Islam RA, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Havel PJ, Rahimian R. 17β-Estradiol Treatment Improves Acetylcholine-Induced Relaxation of Mesenteric Arteries in Ovariectomized UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats in Prediabetic State. Front Physiol 2022; 13:900813. [PMID: 35784863 PMCID: PMC9248973 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.900813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported sex differences in mesenteric arterial function of the UC Davis type-2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats as early as the prediabetic state. We reported that mesenteric arteries (MA) from prediabetic male rats exhibited a greater impairment compared to that in prediabetic females. However, when females became diabetic, they exhibited a greater vascular dysfunction than males. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the female sex hormone, estrogen preserves mesenteric arterial vasorelaxation in UCD-T2DM female rats at an early prediabetic state. Age-matched female Sprague Dawley and prediabetic (PD) UCD-T2DM rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and subcutaneously implanted with either placebo or 17β-estradiol (E2, 1.5 mg) pellets for 45 days. We assessed the contribution of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF) to acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxation, using pharmacological inhibitors. Responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (PE) were also measured. Additionally, metabolic parameters and expression of some targets associated with vascular and insulin signaling were determined. We demonstrated that the responses to ACh and SNP were severely impaired in the prediabetic state (PD OVX) rats, while E2 treatment restored vasorelaxation in the PD OVX + E2. Moreover, the responses to PE was significantly enhanced in MA of PD OVX groups, regardless of placebo or E2 treatment. Overall, our data suggest that 1) the impairment of ACh responses in PD OVX rats may, in part, result from the elevated contractile responses to PE, loss of contribution of endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) to vasorelaxation, and a decreased sensitivity of MA to nitric oxide (NO), and 2) the basis for the protective effects of E2 may be partly attributed to the elevation of the NO contribution to vasorelaxation and its interaction with MA as well as potential improvement of insulin signaling. Here, we provide the first evidence of the role of E2 in protecting MA from early vascular dysfunction in prediabetic female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rahatullah Razan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - Farjana Akther
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - Rifat A. Islam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | - James L. Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Roshanak Rahimian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Roshanak Rahimian,
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Teymoori F, Mokhtari E, Kazemi Jahromi M, Farhadnejad H, Mirmiran P, Vafa M, Azizi F. Dietary and lifestyle indices for hyperinsulinemia with the risk of obesity phenotypes: a prospective cohort study among Iranian adult population. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:990. [PMID: 35578225 PMCID: PMC9112538 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have cited insulin-related disorders, including hyperinsulinemia, as one of the main causes of obesity risk and metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate the association of the Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and Empirical Lifestyle Index for Hyperinsulinemia (ELIH) with the risk of obesity phenotypes among Iranian adults. METHODS Present study was conducted on 2705 subjects, including 1604 metabolically healthy normal weights (MHNW) and 1101 metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) individuals. Obesity phenotypes, including MHNW, MHO, metabolically unhealthy normal weights (MUNW), and metabolic unhealthy obesity (MUO), were determined using the criteria of the Joint International statement (JIS) for metabolic syndrome. Dietary intake data from the previous year was gathered using a food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals (HRs and 95% CIs) of obesity phenotypes incident across tertiles of EDIH and ELIH scores. RESULTS The mean ± SD of age and BMI of all participants were 33.5 ± 12.2 years and 24.3 ± 3.8 kg/m2, respectively. In the multivariable-adjusted model, a higher ELIH score was associated with a greater risk for incidence of MUO (HR: 3.47, 95%CI: 2.54-4.74; Ptrend = < 0.001) and MHO (HR: 3.61, 95%CI: 2.73-4.77; Ptrend = < 0.001). Also, a higher score of EDIH was related to an increased risk of MUO incidence (HR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.02-1.79; P for trend = 0.046). However, there was no significant association between a higher score of EDIH and the risk of MHO. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that a high insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle, determined by EDIH and ELIH indices, may be related to an increase in the simultaneous occurrence of obesity with metabolic disorders in Iranian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Kazemi Jahromi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Al-Beltagi M, Bediwy AS, Saeed NK. Insulin-resistance in paediatric age: Its magnitude and implications. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:282-307. [PMID: 35582667 PMCID: PMC9052009 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i4.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is insulin failure in normal plasma levels to adequately stimulate glucose uptake by the peripheral tissues. IR is becoming more common in children and adolescents than before. There is a strong association between obesity in children and adolescents, IR, and the metabolic syndrome components. IR shows marked variation among different races, crucial to understanding the possible cardiovascular risk, specifically in high-risk races or ethnic groups. Genetic causes of IR include insulin receptor mutations, mutations that stimulate autoantibody production against insulin receptors, or mutations that induce the formation of abnormal glucose transporter 4 molecules or plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 molecules; all induce abnormal energy pathways and end with the development of IR. The parallel increase of IR syndrome with the dramatic increase in the rate of obesity among children in the last few decades indicates the importance of environmental factors in increasing the rate of IR. Most patients with IR do not develop diabetes mellitus (DM) type-II. However, IR is a crucial risk factor to develop DM type-II in children. Diagnostic standards for IR in children are not yet established due to various causes. Direct measures of insulin sensitivity include the hyperinsulinemia euglycemic glucose clamp and the insulin-suppression test. Minimal model analysis of frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and oral glucose tolerance test provide an indirect estimate of metabolic insulin sensitivity/resistance. The main aim of the treatment of IR in children is to prevent the progression of compensated IR to decompensated IR, enhance insulin sensitivity, and treat possible complications. There are three main lines for treatment: Lifestyle and behavior modification, pharmacotherapy, and surgery. This review will discuss the magnitude, implications, diagnosis, and treatment of IR in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
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40
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Hufnagel A, Dearden L, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Ozanne SE. Programming of cardiometabolic health: the role of maternal and fetal hyperinsulinaemia. J Endocrinol 2022; 253:R47-R63. [PMID: 35258482 PMCID: PMC9066586 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and gestational diabetes during pregnancy have multiple short- and long-term consequences for both mother and child. One common feature of pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity and gestational diabetes is maternal hyperinsulinaemia, which has effects on the mother and her adaptation to pregnancy. Even though insulin does not cross the placenta insulin can act on the placenta as well affecting placental growth, angiogenesis and lipid metabolism. Obese and gestational diabetic pregnancies are often characterised by maternal hyperglycaemia resulting in exposure of the fetus to high levels of glucose, which freely crosses the placenta. This leads to stimulation of fetal ß-cells and insulin secretion in the fetus. Fetal hyperglycaemia/hyperinsulinaemia has been shown to cause multiple complications in fetal development, such as altered growth trajectories, impaired neuronal and cardiac development and early exhaustion of the pancreas. These changes could increase the susceptibility of the offspring to develop cardiometabolic diseases later in life. In this review, we aim to summarize and review the mechanisms by which maternal and fetal hyperinsulinaemia impact on (i) maternal health during pregnancy; (ii) placental and fetal development; (iii) offspring energy homeostasis and long-term cardiometabolic health; (iv) how interventions can alleviate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Hufnagel
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Laura Dearden
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Denise S Fernandez-Twinn
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
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Chen R, Luo X, Jiang X, Deng S. Vinexin β deficiency exacerbates diet-induced obesity, hepatosteatosis, insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 596:14-21. [PMID: 35104662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vinexin β is a member of an adaptor protein family. Previous research has elucidated its role in cell adhesion and growth factor signaling. Recently, several studies demonstrated its role in metabolic abnormality, such as obesity and atherosclerosis. In this study, we found that vinexin β-knockout (KO) mice were more obese and gained more obvious visceral fat accumulation than their wildtype (WT) littermates fed with high fat diet (HFD). KO mice also showed more severe hepatosteatosis when compared with the WT control, which was in line with the significant increase of key serum lipids in KO mice. Furthermore, we confirmed the inhibited Akt signaling and exacerbated insulin resistance which resulted in high fasting blood glucose in KO mice. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response was found obviously activated which may mediate the metabolic changes in KO mice. Our studies indicated that vinexin β deficiency promotes the diet-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
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Naomi R, Yazid MD, Bahari H, Keong YY, Rajandram R, Embong H, Teoh SH, Halim S, Othman F. Bisphenol A (BPA) Leading to Obesity and Cardiovascular Complications: A Compilation of Current In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2969. [PMID: 35328389 PMCID: PMC8949383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BPA is one of the most common endocrine disruptors that is widely being manufactured daily nationwide. Although scientific evidence supports claims of negative effects of BPA on humans, there is also evidence suggesting that a low level of BPA is safe. However, numerous in vivo trials contraindicate with this claim and there is a high possibility of BPA exposure could lead to obesity. It has been speculated that this does not stop with the exposed subjects only, but may also cause transgenerational effects. Direct disruption of endocrine regulation, neuroimmune and signaling pathways, as well as gut microbiata, has been identified to be interrupted by BPA exposure, leading to overweight or obesity. In these instances, cardiovascular complications are one of the primary notable clinical signs. In regard to this claim, this review paper discusses the role of BPA on obesity in the perspective of endocrine disruptions and possible cardiovascular complications that may arise due to BPA. Thus, the aim of this review is to outline the changes in gut microbiota and neuroimmune or signaling mechanisms involved in obesity in relation to BPA. To identify potentially relevant articles, a depth search was done on the databases Nature, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Medline & Ovid from the past 5 years. According to Boolean operator guideline, selected keywords such as (1) BPA OR environmental chemical AND fat OR LDL OR obese AND transgenerational effects or phenocopy (2) Endocrine disruptors OR chemical AND lipodystrophy AND phenocopy (3) Lipid profile OR weight changes AND cardiovascular effect (4) BPA AND neuroimmune OR gene signaling, were used as search terms. Upon screening, 11 articles were finalized to be further reviewed and data extraction tables containing information on (1) the type of animal model (2) duration and dosage of BPA exposure (3) changes in the lipid profile or weight (4) genes, signaling mechanism, or any neuroimmune signal involved, and (5) transgenerational effects were created. In toto, the study indicates there are high chances of BPA exposure affecting lipid profile and gene associated with lipolysis, leading to obesity. Therefore, this scoping review recapitulates the possible effects of BPA that may lead to obesity with the evidence of current in vivo trials. The biomarkers, safety concerns, recommended dosage, and the impact of COVID-19 on BPA are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Yong Yoke Keong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Retnagowri Rajandram
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Shariff Halim
- Neuroscience Research Group, International Medical School, Management & Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Fezah Othman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Burridge K, Christensen SM, Golden A, Ingersoll AB, Tondt J, Bays HE. Obesity history, physical exam, laboratory, body composition, and energy expenditure: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 1:100007. [PMID: 37990700 PMCID: PMC10661987 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2021.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on History, Physical Exam, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure is intended to provide clinicians an overview of the clinical and diagnostic evaluation of patients with pre-obesity/obesity. Methods The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results This CPS outlines important components of medical, dietary, and physical activity history as well as physical exams, with a focus on specific aspects unique to managing patients with pre-obesity or obesity. Patients with pre-obesity/obesity benefit from the same preventive care and general laboratory testing as those without an increase in body fat. In addition, patients with pre-obesity/obesity may benefit from adiposity-specific diagnostic testing - both generally and individually - according to patient presentation and clinical judgment. Body composition testing, such as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, and other measures, each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Some patients in clinical research, and perhaps even clinical practice, may benefit from an assessment of energy expenditure. This can be achieved by several methods including direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry, doubly labeled water, or estimated by equations. Finally, a unifying theme regarding the etiology of pre-obesity/obesity and effectiveness of treatments of obesity centers on the role of biologic and behavior efficiencies and inefficiencies, with efficiencies more often associated with increases in fat mass and inefficiencies more often associated with decreases in fat mass. Conclusion The Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on History, Physical Exam, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of pre-obesity/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Burridge
- Gaining Health, 528 Pennsylvania Ave #708 Glen Ellyn, IL 60137, USA
| | - Sandra M. Christensen
- Integrative Medical Weight Management, 2611 NE 125th St., Suite 100B, Seattle, WA, 98125, USA
| | - Angela Golden
- NP Obesity Treatment Clinic and NP from Home, LLC, PO Box 25959, Munds Park, AZ, 86017, USA
| | - Amy B. Ingersoll
- Enara Health, 3050 S. Delaware Street, Suite 130, San Mateo, CA, 94403, USA
| | - Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | - Harold E. Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, USA
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Tijani RO, Molina-Tijeras JA, Vezza T, Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL, Segura-Carretero A, Abiodun OO, Galvez J. Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv improves insulin sensitivity in high fat diet-induced obese mice by reducing inflammatory pathways activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114651. [PMID: 34537282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolic syndrome is currently recognized as the major cause of morbidity, with dramatic complications on life expectancy and health status. Myrianthus arboreus is a medicinal plant traditionally used in local communities as a safe remedy in treating diabetes and other metabolic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the impact of a methanol extract of Myrianthus arboreus leaf (MAL) in a mice model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the following groups: control, obese control, and obese treated with MAL extract (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Control mice received a standard chow diet, while all obese mice were fed with HFD. Animal weight and food consumption were periodically measured. At the end of the treatment, fasting blood glucose and metabolic plasma analysis (insulin level, triglycerides, and total cholesterol (TC)) were performed. The HFD-induced inflammatory status and the expression of several obesity-related markers were evaluated in liver and fat using qPCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, the phytochemical composition of MAL was identified by GC-MS and HPLC-MS. RESULTS MAL administration significantly reduced body weight gain, basal glycemia, and insulin resistance, and improved plasma lipid profile compared with HFD-fed mice. Similarly, this extract improved the HFD-associated inflammatory status in mice by gene expression modulation of different inflammatory markers involved in this experimentally induced metabolic condition. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the novel applicability of MAL, thus suggesting it as a promising therapeutic approach for the management of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasidat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Ojere, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Jose Alberto Molina-Tijeras
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre, Health Science Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Research and Development Functional Food Centre, Health Science Technological Park, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Oyindamola O Abiodun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Julio Galvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain
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Recombinant human GLP-1 beinaglutide regulates lipid metabolism of adipose tissues in diet-induced obese mice. iScience 2021; 24:103382. [PMID: 34841227 PMCID: PMC8605346 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
GLP-1 analogs are a class of glucose-lowering agents with multiple benefits in diabetes, but its role in adipose tissues remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the action of recombinant human GLP-1 (rhGLP-1) Beinaglutide (BN) in the insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism of adipose tissues. We have shown that, after BN injection, obese mice displayed lower body weight, fat mass, and plasma lipid levels. In addition, BN promoted the insulin sensitivity in the white adipose tissues. Furthermore, we have found that the BN treatment caused significant changes in content and composition of different lipid classes, including glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids, as well as expression of genes in lipid metabolic pathways in the adipose tissues. Taken together, our data demonstrate that BN could resist HFD-induced obesity by targeting the composition of major lipid classes and the expression of genes in lipid metabolism of adipose tissues. Recombinant human GLP-1 Beinaglutide (BN) reduces high-fat-diet-induced obesity BN increases insulin sensitivity of adipocytes in vivo and in vitro BN alters lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles in adipose tissues of obese mice BN promotes thermogenic gene expression in adipose tissues
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Ludwig DS, Aronne LJ, Astrup A, de Cabo R, Cantley LC, Friedman MI, Heymsfield SB, Johnson JD, King JC, Krauss RM, Lieberman DE, Taubes G, Volek JS, Westman EC, Willett WC, Yancy WS, Ebbeling CB. The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1873-1885. [PMID: 34515299 PMCID: PMC8634575 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a commonly held view, the obesity pandemic is caused by overconsumption of modern, highly palatable, energy-dense processed foods, exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle. However, obesity rates remain at historic highs, despite a persistent focus on eating less and moving more, as guided by the energy balance model (EBM). This public health failure may arise from a fundamental limitation of the EBM itself. Conceptualizing obesity as a disorder of energy balance restates a principle of physics without considering the biological mechanisms that promote weight gain. An alternative paradigm, the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM), proposes a reversal of causal direction. According to the CIM, increasing fat deposition in the body-resulting from the hormonal responses to a high-glycemic-load diet-drives positive energy balance. The CIM provides a conceptual framework with testable hypotheses for how various modifiable factors influence energy balance and fat storage. Rigorous research is needed to compare the validity of these 2 models, which have substantially different implications for obesity management, and to generate new models that best encompass the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louis J Aronne
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark I Friedman
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Nutrition Science Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Metabolism & Body Composition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Personalized Therapeutic Nutrition, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janet C King
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gary Taubes
- Nutrition Science Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric C Westman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S Yancy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cara B Ebbeling
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Malesza IJ, Malesza M, Walkowiak J, Mussin N, Walkowiak D, Aringazina R, Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Mądry E. High-Fat, Western-Style Diet, Systemic Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113164. [PMID: 34831387 PMCID: PMC8619527 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with vitamins, and providing a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it is involved in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, crucial for the functional maturation of the gut immune system. The Western diet (WD)—an unhealthy diet with high consumption of fats—can be broadly characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, and a prolonged postprandial state. The term WD is commonly known and intuitively understood. However, the strict digital expression of nutrient ratios is not precisely defined. Based on the US data for 1908–1989, the calory intake available from fats increased from 32% to 45%. Besides the metabolic aspects (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system overstimulation, and oxidative stress), the consequences of excessive fat consumption (high-fat diet—HFD) comprise dysbiosis, gut barrier dysfunction, increased intestinal permeability, and leakage of toxic bacterial metabolites into the circulation. These can strongly contribute to the development of low-grade systemic inflammation. This narrative review highlights the most important recent advances linking HFD-driven dysbiosis and HFD-related inflammation, presents the pathomechanisms for these phenomena, and examines the possible causative relationship between pro-inflammatory status and gut microbiota changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Judyta Malesza
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (I.J.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Michał Malesza
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (M.M.); (J.B.-W.)
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (I.J.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Nadiar Mussin
- Department of General Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Dariusz Walkowiak
- Department of Organization and Management in Health Care, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Raisa Aringazina
- Department of Internal Diseases No. 1, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan;
| | | | - Edyta Mądry
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (M.M.); (J.B.-W.)
- Correspondence:
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Rydzewska M, Nikołajuk A, Matulewicz N, Stefanowicz M, Karczewska-Kupczewska M. Serum secreted frizzled-related protein 5 in relation to insulin sensitivity and its regulation by insulin and free fatty acids. Endocrine 2021; 74:300-307. [PMID: 34184187 PMCID: PMC8497315 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) is an adipokine, which acts as an inhibitor of noncanonical WNT signaling pathway. It has been suggested to exert anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects, however, contradictory data has also been reported. The aim of this study was to assess serum SFRP5 concentration in a young healthy population in relation to insulin sensitivity and its regulation by hyperinsulinemia and/or serum free fatty acids (FFA) elevation. METHODS We examined 150 healthy subjects (83 normal-weight and 67 overweight/obese). Insulin sensitivity (M) was measured with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. In 20 male subjects, clamp was prolonged to 6 h and after 1 week another clamp with the concurrent Intralipid/heparin infusion was performed. Independent group of 10 male subjects received infusions of Intralipid/heparin or saline in 1-week interval. RESULTS Baseline SFRP5 was lower in the overweight/obese group (p = 0.01) and was positively associated with M (r = 0.23, p = 0.006) and serum adiponectin (r = 0.55, p < 0.001) and negatively with BMI (r = -0.18, p = 0.03). In multiple regression analysis, adiponectin was independently associated with SFRP5. Insulin infusion resulted in a decrease in serum SFRP5, both at 120' (p = 0.02) and 360' (p = 0.031). This effect was not observed during the clamp with Intralipid/heparin as well as during Intralipid/heparin alone or saline infusions. CONCLUSIONS The relation between SFRP5 and insulin sensitivity is mainly dependent on adiponectin. FFA abolish a decrease in circulating SFRP5 caused by insulin, but Intralipid/heparin infusion alone does not regulate SFRP5 concentration. Insulin seems to be more important factor in the regulation of circulating SFRP5 levels than FFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rydzewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nikołajuk
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Matulewicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stefanowicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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The aetiology and molecular landscape of insulin resistance. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:751-771. [PMID: 34285405 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, defined as a defect in insulin-mediated control of glucose metabolism in tissues - prominently in muscle, fat and liver - is one of the earliest manifestations of a constellation of human diseases that includes type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These diseases are typically associated with intertwined metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia. Insulin resistance is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest a key role for adipose tissue in the development of insulin resistance, potentially by releasing lipids and other circulating factors that promote insulin resistance in other organs. These extracellular factors perturb the intracellular concentration of a range of intermediates, including ceramide and other lipids, leading to defects in responsiveness of cells to insulin. Such intermediates may cause insulin resistance by inhibiting one or more of the proximal components in the signalling cascade downstream of insulin (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins or AKT). However, there is now evidence to support the view that insulin resistance is a heterogeneous disorder that may variably arise in a range of metabolic tissues and that the mechanism for this effect likely involves a unified insulin resistance pathway that affects a distal step in the insulin action pathway that is more closely linked to the terminal biological response. Identifying these targets is of major importance, as it will reveal potential new targets for treatments of diseases associated with insulin resistance.
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Demerdash HM. Weight regain after bariatric surgery: Promoters and potential predictors. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:438-454. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i5.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is globally viewed as chronic relapsing disease. Bariatric surgery offers the most efficient and durable weight loss approach. However, weight regain after surgery is a distressing issue as obesity can revert. Surgical procedures were originally designed to reduce food intake and catalyze weight loss, provided that its role is marginalized in long-term weight maintenance. Consequently, it is essential to establish a scientifically standardized applicable definitions for weight regain, which necessitates enhanced comprehension of the clinical situation, as well as have realistic expectations concerning weight loss. Moreover, several factors are proposed to influence weight regain as psychological, behavioral factors, hormonal, metabolic, anatomical lapses, as well as genetic predisposition. Recently, there is a growing evidence of utilization of scoring system to anticipate excess body weight loss, along with characterizing certain biomarkers that identify subjects at risk of suboptimal weight loss after surgery. Furthermore, personalized counseling is warranted to help select bariatric procedure, reinforce self-monitoring skills, motivate patient, encourage mindful eating practices, to avoid recidivism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Mourad Demerdash
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Alexandria University Hospitals, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
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