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Yin M, Deng S, Chen Z, Zhang B, Zheng H, Bai M, Li H, Zhang X, Deng J, Liu Q, Little JP, Li Y. Exercise snacks are a time-efficient alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness but not maximal fat oxidation in inactive adults: a randomized controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:920-932. [PMID: 38569204 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to determine how stair-climbing-based exercise snacks (ES) compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and (2) to explore whether ES could improve maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) in inactive adults. Healthy, young, inactive adults (n: 42, age: 21.6 ± 2.3 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 3.6 kg·m-2, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak): 33.6 ± 6.3 mL·kg-1·min-1) were randomly assigned to ES, MICT, or Control. ES (n = 14) and MICT (n = 13) groups performed three sessions per week over 6 weeks, while the control group (n = 15) maintained their habitual lifestyle. ES involved 3 × 30 s "all-out" stair-climbing (6 flight, 126 steps, and 18.9 m total height) bouts separated by >1 h rest, and MICT involved 40 min × 60%-70% HRmax stationary cycling. A significant group × time interaction was found for relative VO2peak (p < 0.05) with ES significantly increasing by 7% compared to baseline (MD = 2.5 mL·kg-1·min-1 (95% CI = 1.2, 3.7), Cohen's d = 0.44), while MICT had no significant effects (MD = 1.0 mL·kg-1·min-1 (-1.1, 3.2), Cohen's d = 0.17), and Control experienced a significant decrease (MD = -1.7 mL·kg-1·min-1 (-2.9, -0.4), Cohen's d = 0.26). MFO was unchanged among the three groups (group × time interaction, p > 0.05 for all). Stair climbing-based ES are a time-efficient alternative to MICT for improving CRF among inactive adults, but the tested ES intervention appears to have limited potential to increase MFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengji Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyi Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Health Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huakun Zheng
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Mingyang Bai
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Department of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jianfeng Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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Yamagishi T, Iwata S, Otsuka S, Ichinose H, Kawakami Y. Physiological and Metabolic Responses to Low-Volume Sprint Interval Exercises: Influence of Sprint Duration and Repetitions. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1265-1274. [PMID: 38451737 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine physiological and metabolic responses to two different sprint interval exercises (SIE) matched for total sprint duration and sprint-rest ratio. METHODS After having measured peak oxygen uptake (V̇O 2peak ), 14 healthy males (27.1 ± 4.8 yr, 169.6 ± 6.0 cm, 64.5 ± 8.4 kg, V̇O 2peak : 47.2 ± 7.7 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ) performed four 10-s sprints with 80-s recovery (SIE10) and two 20-s sprints with 160-s recovery (SIE20) on different occasions in a counterbalanced crossover manner. Pulmonary V̇O 2 and changes in tissue oxygenation index (∆TOI) at vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) were measured during the SIE. Furthermore, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was taken immediately before and after the SIE to determine the activation levels of VL, RF, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, adductor magnus, biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus at 50% of right thigh length. RESULTS In SIE10, increases in V̇O 2 and ∆TOI at VL and RF plateaued after the second sprint, whereas session-averaged ∆TOI was greater in SIE20 than SIE10 in both muscles (VL: 20.9 ± 7.4 vs 14.2% ± 5.9%, RF: 22.8 ± 9.3 vs 12.9% ± 6.6%, P = 0.00). Although both SIE significantly increased T2 values in all eight muscles, those magnitudes were similar between the conditions (SIE10 vs SIE20: 5%-16% vs 8%-16%). CONCLUSIONS This study showed blunted responses of whole-body (V̇O 2 ) and peripheral (∆TOI) oxidative responses with successive sprints (sprint 1 < sprints 2-4) in SIE10, suggesting that increasing sprint repetitions does not necessarily induce greater oxidative metabolism or stimulus. Moreover, greater peripheral oxygen extraction (∆TOI) was achieved with SIE20, whereas %changes of T2 indicates that the thigh muscles were similarly activated between the SIE conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soya Iwata
- Division of Vehicle Development, Mazda Motor Corporation, Hiroshima, JAPAN
| | - Shun Otsuka
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, JAPAN
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Metcalfe RS, Vollaard NBJ. Reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT): a feasible approach for improving health and fitness? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:984-992. [PMID: 38688037 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, research investigating the dose-response to sprint interval training (SIT) has provided evidence that the number and duration of repetitions in a SIT session can be reduced whilst preserving the beneficial health-related adaptations. Together this research has led to the development of protocols involving minimal doses of SIT: regularly performing just two or three 20-30 s all-out sprints in a 10 min training session has been shown to elicit beneficial metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations. These SIT protocols, which we originally termed "reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training" (or REHIT), have the potential to remove many of the common barriers associated with other SIT protocols, as well as with HIT and aerobic exercise. Here, we critically review the evidence on the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability, and effectiveness of REHIT for improving health and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Metcalfe
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN Wales, UK
| | - Niels B J Vollaard
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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Guo K, Mu T. Comparative Analysis of Adaptive Changes in Immunoendocrine and Physiological Responses to High-Intensity Sprint Interval Training with Progressive and Nonprogressive Loads in Young Wrestlers. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:455-464. [PMID: 38841648 PMCID: PMC11149081 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the effects of a 7-week short sprint interval training (SSIT) with differing in programming volume-loads including progressive (P-SSIT) and nonprogressive (NP-SSIT) approaches on the immunoendocrine, physical fitness attributes and physiological parameters in male wrestlers during the pre-season. Thirty young freestyle wrestlers at the collegiate national-level were included in the study and were divided into three groups: P-SSIT (n = 10), NP-SSIT (n = 10), and an active control group (n = 10). The wrestlers engaged in their specific wrestling training three days weekly, while the P-SSIT and NP-SSIT groups underwent a 7-week SSIT, with scheduling in either progressed or nonprogressed volume-based overloads, three times per week. Before and after the intervention, various aspects of physical fitness (such as 20-m sprint, 4×9-m shuttle run, and maximal strength) and physiological parameters (including cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic power output), as well as immunoendocrine responses (such as immunoglobulin-A, testosterone, and cortisol) were measured. Following the training intervention, the control group did not show any significant changes in the variable measured; however, both the P-SSIT and NP-SSIT groups experienced significant improvements (p = 0.001) in physical fitness attributes and physiological parameters with effect sizes ranging from small to very large, and also more adaptive responses compared with control group (p < 0.05). In addition, there were no statistically significant changes observed among the P-SSIT and NP-SSIT groups in terms of immunoendocrine response to training, and physical fitness, as well as physiological parameters (p > 0.05). In conclusion, neither the progressed nor nonprogressed approaches of SSIT demonstrated superior effects on adaptations compared to one another. Therefore, it is recommended for strength and conditioning coaches in wrestling to incorporate both P-SSIT and NP-SSIT into their annual training plan, especially during the pre-season phase, to maximize the physical fitness and physiological parameters of their wrestlers while minimizing changes in immunoendocrine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Guo
- School of Wushu, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tianqi Mu
- Police Command and Tactics Department, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wong PY, Soh SMM, Chu WJM, Lim MXC, Jones LE, Selvaraj S, Chow KMS, Choo HWD, Aziz AR. A single all-out bout of 30-s sprint-cycle performed on 5 consecutive days per week over 6 weeks does not enhance cardiovascular fitness, maximal strength, and clinical health markers in physically active young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1861-1874. [PMID: 38233706 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of a single all-out bout of 30-s sprint-cycle performed daily for 5 consecutive days per week for 6 weeks, on aerobic fitness, muscle strength and metabolic-health markers in physically active young males and females. METHODS Healthy, physically active 20-28 year olds, were randomly assigned to either experimental (EXP, N = 11) or non-training control (CON, N = 8) group. With supervision, the EXP group performed one bout of 30-s sprint-cycle daily, Mondays to Fridays over 6 weeks, while CON group continued with their usual lifestyle. The followings were measured at pre- and post-intervention: maximal aerobic power, peak torque of knee extensors and flexors at velocities 30° s-1 and 300° s-1, resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, body fat percentage, fasting lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin levels. RESULTS There were no significant improvements in the EXP group for all the measured variables (all P > 0.05); except for significant interaction effects in peak torque of knee extensors at 30° s-1 (P = 0.044) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P = 0.046). Post hoc test indicate that CON group showed decline in their low-density lipo-proteins levels (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION Six weeks of one all-out bout of 30-s sprint-cycle per day, for 5 consecutive days per week, was ineffective in improving cardiovascular fitness, maximal strength, and most health markers in physically active young adults. The present results when combined with the previous literature suggest that there is a possibility of a minimum threshold for a number of sprint-cycle bouts needed to be performed before any form of cardio-metabolic-health benefit is accrued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ying Wong
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Min Megan Soh
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Jing Marina Chu
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Xian Cheval Lim
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lester Edmund Jones
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suresh Selvaraj
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kin Ming Steve Chow
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Wen Darine Choo
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Bertucci DR, de Carvalho CD, Scariot PPM, Kalva-Filho CA, Luches-Pereira G, Arruda TB, Alves IS, Gardim CB, Castiglia M, Riberto M, Gobatto CA, Papoti M. Four-week experimental plus 1-week taper period using live high train low does not alter muscle glycogen content. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1795-1805. [PMID: 38231229 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 4-week live high train low (LHTL; FiO2 ~ 13.5%), intervention, followed by a tapering phase, on muscle glycogen concentration. Fourteen physically active males (28 ± 6 years, 81.6 ± 15.4 kg, 179 ± 5.2 cm) were divided into a control group (CON; n = 5), and the group that performed the LHTL, which was exposed to hypoxia (LHTL; n = 9). The subjects trained using a one-legged knee extension exercise, which enabled four experimental conditions: leg training in hypoxia (TLHYP); leg control in hypoxia (CLHYP, n = 9); leg trained in normoxia (TLNOR, n = 5), and leg control in normoxia (CLNOR, n = 5). All participants performed 18 training sessions lasting between 20 and 45 min [80-200% of intensity corresponding to the time to exhaustion (TTE) reached in the graded exercise test]. Additionally, participants spent approximately 10 h day-1 in either a normobaric hypoxic environment (14.5% FiO2; ~ 3000 m) or a control condition (i.e., staying in similar tents on ~ 530 m). Thereafter, participants underwent a taper protocol consisting of six additional training sessions with a reduced training load. SpO2 was lower, and the hypoxic dose was higher in LHTL compared to CON (p < 0.001). After 4 weeks, glycogen had increased significantly only in the TLNOR and TLHYP groups and remained elevated after the taper (p < 0.016). Time to exhaustion in the LHTL increased after both the 4-week training period and the taper compared to the baseline (p < 0.001). Although the 4-week training promoted substantial increases in muscle glycogen content, TTE increased in LHTL condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo R Bertucci
- Triângulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM), Av. Frei Paulino, nº 30, Abadia, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Dellavechia de Carvalho
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pedro P M Scariot
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCA-UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Kalva-Filho
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo C. Coube, nº 14-01, Núcleo Habitacional Presidente Geisel, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Luches-Pereira
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EEFERP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tarine B Arruda
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela S Alves
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EEFERP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila B Gardim
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Castiglia
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Riberto
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCA-UNICAMP), R. Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EEFERP-USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Yin M, Li H, Bai M, Liu H, Chen Z, Deng J, Deng S, Meng C, Vollaard NBJ, Little JP, Li Y. Is low-volume high-intensity interval training a time-efficient strategy to improve cardiometabolic health and body composition? A meta-analysis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:273-292. [PMID: 37939367 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (LV-HIIT; i.e., ≤5 min high-intensity exercise within a ≤15 min session) on cardiometabolic health and body composition. A systematic search was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to assess the effect of LV-HIIT on cardiometabolic health and body composition. Twenty-one studies (moderate to high quality) with a total of 849 participants were included in this meta-analysis. LV-HIIT increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, SMD = 1.19 [0.87, 1.50]) while lowering systolic blood pressure (SMD = -1.44 [-1.68, -1.20]), diastolic blood pressure (SMD = -1.51 [-1.75, -1.27]), mean arterial pressure (SMD = -1.55 [-1.80, -1.30]), MetS z-score (SMD = -0.76 [-1.02, -0.49]), fat mass (kg) (SMD = -0.22 [-0.44, 0.00]), fat mass (%) (SMD = -0.22 [-0.41, -0.02]), and waist circumference (SMD = -0.53 [-0.75, -0.31]) compared to untrained control (CONTROL). Despite a total time-commitment of LV-HIIT of only 14%-47% and 45%-94% compared to moderate-intensity continuous training and HV-HIIT, respectively, there were no statistically significant differences observed for any outcomes in comparisons between LV-HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-volume HIIT. Significant inverse dose-responses were observed between the change in CRF with LV-HIIT and sprint repetitions (β = -0.52 [-0.76, -0.28]), high-intensity duration (β = -0.21 [-0.39, -0.02]), and total duration (β = -0.19 [-0.36, -0.02]), while higher intensity significantly improved CRF gains. LV-HIIT can improve cardiometabolic health and body composition and represent a time-efficient alternative to MICT and HV-HIIT. Performing LV-HIIT at a higher intensity drives higher CRF gains. More repetitions, longer time at high intensity, and total session duration did not augment gains in CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Department of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyang Bai
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, China
| | - Hengxian Liu
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengji Deng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Meng
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Niels B J Vollaard
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
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Asadi M, Rahmani M, Samadi A, Hesari AK. Protective Effect of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training on Aspirin-Induced Reproductive Impairments in Adult Male Wistar Rats. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:393-403. [PMID: 37794199 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle factors such as sedentary behavior and consumption of certain medications can disturb the function of the male reproductive system. In the present study, we investigated the potential co-treatment effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on markers of reproductive function in adult male Wistar rats under aspirin (ASA) treatment. Eighteen adult male Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: control (C), aspirin treatment (AT), and aspirin treatment + exercise (ATE). Animals in the AT and ATE groups received an oral subchronic dose of aspirin (12.5 mg/kg body mass). The exercise was performed three times per week for 6 weeks (4-6 reps of 10-s sprints). Serum testosterone level, sperm parameters (sperm count, viability, maturity, and DNA fragmentation), histomorphometric (Leydig cell, tubule diameter, thickness of tubular epithelium, and indices of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis), and histochemical parameter (testicular fat density) were assessed. Results revealed that compared to the C group, ASA consumption led to a negative alteration in serum testosterone levels, sperm parameters, and histomorphometric and histochemical parameters (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the C and ATE groups in terms of serum testosterone level, number of Leydig cells, epididymal fat density, tubule diameter, epithelium height, immature-to-mature sperm ratio, and DNA breakage (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that ASA treatment is associated with deleterious changes in male reproductive parameters. However, low-volume HIIT may prevent ASA-induced male reproductive impairments and could be considered a potential prophylactic measure in subjects under ASA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Asadi
- Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmani
- Exercise Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Samadi
- Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kalantari Hesari
- Histology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
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Pérez-Ifrán P, Magallanes CA, de S Castro FA, Astorino TA, Benítez-Flores S. Extremely Low-Volume Burpee Interval Training Equivalent to 8 Minutes Per Session Improves Vertical Jump Compared with Sprint Interval Training in Real-World Circumstances. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:10-20. [PMID: 37639674 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pérez-Ifrán, P, Magallanes, CA, de S. Castro, FA, Astorino, TA, and Benítez-Flores, S. Extremely low-volume burpee interval training equivalent to 8 minutes per session improves vertical jump compared with sprint interval training in real-world circumstances. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 10-20, 2024-The aim of this study was to compare the cardiometabolic and physical effects of 2 time-matched high-intensity programs in a real-world environment. Forty-three active and healthy adults (sex = 31 men and 12 women; age = 27 ± 5 years; peak heart rate [HR peak ] = 190.7 ± 10.6 beat·min -1 ) were randomized to 2 very low-volume protocols (∼8 minutes): sprint interval training (SIT) ( n = 15), burpee interval training (BIT) ( n = 15), and control (CON) ( n = 13). Subjects in SIT and BIT performed 5 days of 10 × 4 second "all-out" efforts with 30 seconds of recovery. Body composition, blood pressure, countermovement jump (CMJ), 10-m sprint, shuttle run test (SRT), autonomic modulation , self-efficacy, and intention were evaluated before and after training. Sprint interval training elicited a higher %HR peak , energy expenditure, rating of perceived exertion category ratio 10 scale, and feeling scale than BIT ( p < 0.05). SRT distance was significantly improved in SIT ( p = 0.03, d = 0.62), whereas CMJ height was significantly enhanced in BIT ( p = 0.0014, d = 0.72). Self-efficacy progressively worsened for SIT than for BIT as sessions increased, and significant differences were found in 5× a week frequency between protocols ( p = 0.040, d = 0.79). No differences in intention to engage were detected between the regimens ( p > 0.05). No changes were observed in body composition, blood pressure, 10-m sprint, SRTV̇O 2max , or autonomic variables with training ( p > 0.05). Results exhibit that extremely low-volume SIT improved running performance, whereas BIT increased the vertical jump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pérez-Ifrán
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos A Magallanes
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Flávio A de S Castro
- Aquatic Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and
| | - Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California
| | - Stefano Benítez-Flores
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Knappett H, Haines M. Effects of Time-Efficient Occupational Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Firefighters. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e785-e790. [PMID: 37757773 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For a cohort of operational firefighters, we assessed the effects of workplace-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS Fifteen firefighters performed HIIT or moderate-intensity continuous training for 4 weeks. Outcomes were peak oxygen uptake, time trial performance, and affective (pleasure/displeasure) responses to exercise. RESULTS There was an increase in peak oxygen uptake for both conditions, although this did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.06, η2 = 0.26) and time trial performance improved for both groups (2%, P < 0.01, η2 = 0.51). Affective responses were more favorable for HIIT, but both conditions avoided excessive sensations of displeasure. CONCLUSION Results suggest that workplace-based HIIT improved fitness and performance to a similar magnitude to moderate-intensity continuous training while avoiding overly negative affective responses and could improve occupational health of firefighters, despite reduced time commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Knappett
- From the Department of Allied Health Professions, Sport, and Exercise, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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11
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Lloria-Varella J, Koral J, Ravel A, Féasson L, Murias JM, Busso T. Neuromuscular and autonomic function is fully recovered within 24 h following a sprint interval training session. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2317-2329. [PMID: 37285051 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery is a key factor to promote adaptations and enhance performance. Sprint Interval Training (SIT) is known to be an effective approach to improve overall physical function and health. Although a 2-day rest period is given between SIT sessions, the time-course of recovery after SIT is unknown. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether the neuromuscular and autonomic nervous systems would be impaired 24 and 48 h after an SIT session. METHODS Twenty-five healthy subjects performed an 8 × 15 s all-out session on a braked cycle ergometer with 2 min of rest between repetitions. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (iMVC) and evoked forces to electrical nerve stimulation during iMVC and at rest were used to assess muscle contractile properties and voluntary activation before (Pre), 1 (Post24h), and 2 (Post48h) days after the session. Two maximal 7 s sprints with two different loads were performed at those same time-points to evaluate the maximal theoretical force (F0), velocity (V0) and maximal power (Pmax) production during a dynamic exercise. Additionally, nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed the previous and the three subsequent nights to the exercise bout. RESULTS No significant impairments were observed for the iMVC or for the force evoked by electrical stimulation 1 day after the session. Similarly, F0, V0, and Pmax were unchanged at Post24h and Post48h. Furthermore, HRV did not reveal any temporal or frequential significant difference the nights following SIT compared to Pre. CONCLUSION The results of this study show a full recovery of neuromuscular and autonomic functions a day after an all-out SIT session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Lloria-Varella
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Jérôme Koral
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Antoine Ravel
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- Unité de Myologie, IRMIS, Centre Référent Maladies Neuromusculaires Rares-Euro-NmD, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Juan M Murias
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thierry Busso
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
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12
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Digby L, McCarthy SF, Bornath DPB, Copeland JL, Hazell TJ. Individual and Group Responses of Cardiorespiratory Fitness to Running and Cycling Sprint Interval Training. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:e313-e316. [PMID: 36730572 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Digby, L, McCarthy, SF, Bornath, DPB, Copeland, JL, and Hazell, TJ. Individual and group responses of cardiorespiratory fitness to running and cycling sprint interval training. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): e313–e316, 2023—Sprint interval training (SIT) has gained popularity as an effective way to improve peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) and subsequently health in a time-efficient manner. In addition, SIT has demonstrated improvements of ∼5–12% in V̇O2peak for both running and cycling protocols, although comparisons of differing modalities have yet to be examined. Therefore, this study sought to determine group and individual responses to running and cycling SIT while examining any crossover effects of running and cycling SIT when V̇O2peak is tested in different modes of exercise where 18 subjects completed either 3 weeks of cycling SIT (6 male, 3 female) or running SIT (5 male, 4 female) consisting of 4–6 repeated 30-second all-out bouts interspersed with 240 seconds of recovery. Cycling and running V̇O2peak tests were completed pretraining and post-training for the investigation of mode-specific cardiorespiratory fitness improvements. There were main effects of time for cycling V̇O2peak (P = 0.022,
= 0.499) and running V̇O2peak (P = 0.080,
= 0.334) that seem greater when testing in the same mode as training (∼+5.5%). A similar proportion of responders were identified in both training modes (∼67%) suggesting running and cycling SIT are both effective for improving cardiorespiratory fitness. These results suggest that the specificity of testing and training are important for SIT and that both running and cycling SIT are similarly effective at improving V̇O2peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Digby
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ; and
| | - Seth F McCarthy
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ; and
| | - Derek P B Bornath
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ; and
| | - Jennifer L Copeland
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tom J Hazell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada ; and
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13
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Benítez-Flores S, Castro FADS, Lusa Cadore E, Astorino TA. Sprint Interval Training Attenuates Neuromuscular Function and Vagal Reactivity Compared With High-Intensity Functional Training in Real-World Circumstances. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 37:1070-1078. [PMID: 36730997 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Benítez-Flores, S, de S. Castro, FA, Lusa Cadore, E, and Astorino, TA. Sprint interval training attenuates neuromuscular function and vagal reactivity compared with high-intensity functional training in real-world circumstances. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-The aim of this study was to compare the acute cardiovascular and neuromuscular effects of 3 time-matched sessions of high-intensity training. Eighteen moderately active adults (9 women and 9 men [age: 23 ± 2.9 years; maximum oxygen consumption (V̇o2max): 47.6 ± 4.1 ml·kg-1·min-1]) performed three low-volume (∼9 minutes) sessions in a randomized order: sprint interval training (SIT), burpee interval training (BIT) (10 × 5 seconds efforts × 35 seconds recovery), and vigorous intensity continuous training (VICT) (6 minutes 5 seconds of running at ∼85% of peak heart rate [HRpeak]). Indices related to heart rate (HR), neuromuscular performance (counter movement jump height [CMJheight] and squat and bench press power), and autonomic balance (heart rate recovery and heart rate variability [HRR and HRV] )were monitored during exercise. Sprint interval training and VICT elicited a higher HRmean (171.3 ± 8.4 and 166.5 ± 7.5 vs. 150.5 ± 13.6 b·min-1, p < 0.001) and time of ≥90%HRpeak (133.3 ± 117.4 and 110 ± 128.9 vs. 10 ± 42.4 seconds, p < 0.01) than BIT. Sprint interval training exhibited a slower HRR and lower HRV than BIT and VICT (p < 0.05) postsession. Moreover, only SIT resulted in a significant decline (p < 0.01) in CMJheight (34.7 ± 7.2 to 33.5 ± 7.2 cm), relative squat mean power (25.5 ± 4.5 to 23.8 ± 4.9 W·kg-1), and relative bench press peak power (6.9 ± 2.4 to 6.2 ± 2.5 W·kg-1). Results revealed that SIT diminishes the sympathovagal reactivation and neuromuscular performance compared with work-matched BIT and VICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Benítez-Flores
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Flávio A de S Castro
- Aquatic Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and
| | - Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California
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14
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The Effects of Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine on Heart Rate Variability and Hemodynamic Variables Following Sprint Interval Exercise in Overweight and Obese Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193970. [PMID: 36235623 PMCID: PMC9572742 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examined the effects of Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine (A-GPC) on heart rate variability (HRV) and hemodynamic responses following a sprint interval exercise (SIE) in women who were overweight or obese. Participants (n = 12, 31.0 ± 4.6 years; 29.4 ± 2.1 kg/m2) consumed 1000 mg of A-GPC or a placebo after eating breakfast in a randomized, double-blind cross-over design. After 60 min, participants performed two bouts of the SIE (30 s Wingate) interspersed with 4 min of active recovery (40 rpm). Hemodynamic variables and HRV domains were measured before and 60 min after the A-GPC consumption, immediately after SIE, and every 15 min up to 120 min during recovery. A-GPC consumption increased resting levels of both the time domain (Standard Deviation of RR wave intervals [SDNN] and percentage of interval differences of adjacent RR intervals greater than 50 ms [pNN50%]) and frequency domain (high frequency [HF] and low frequency [LF]) variables of HRV (p < 0.05). Moreover, HRV variables (except for LF/HF) decreased (p < 0.05) immediately after SIE in the A-GPC and placebo sessions. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased (p < 0.05) immediately after SIE in both trials. Both HRV and hemodynamic variables recovered (p < 0.05) faster in the A-GPC compared to the placebo session. We concluded that A-GPC consumption recovers HRV and blood pressure faster following strenuous exercise in overweight and obese women, and that it might favorably modify cardiac autonomic function.
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15
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Salus M, Tillmann V, Remmel L, Unt E, Mäestu E, Parm Ü, Mägi A, Tali M, Jürimäe J. Effect of supervised sprint interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in adolescent boys with obesity. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:2010-2017. [PMID: 36126151 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2125199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of a supervised 12-week sprint interval training (SIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition in adolescent boys with obesity. Twenty-eight adolescents with obesity were allocated to either an intervention group (SIT) (13.1 ± 0.3 yrs; body mass index [BMI]: 30.3 ± 0.9 kg.m-2) or a control group (CONT) (13.7 ± 0.4 yrs; BMI: 32.6 ± 1.6 kg.m-2). The SIT group performed 4-6 × 30s "all-out" cycling bouts, interspersed with 4 min of recovery 3 days a week for 12 weeks. CRF was measured by direct peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) defined as VO2peak per kg of body mass (mL.min-1kg-1) or by VO2peak per kg of lean body mass (mL.min-1LBM-1) and body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. SIT intervention led to a significant and large between-group difference in VO2peak (p = 0.004; η2 = 0.29). Although SIT group had a significant reduction in body fat percentage (BF%) (from 41.1 ± 1.3% to 39.2 ± 1.5%; p = 0.006), there were no between-group differences in the change of the pre- and post-measures in BF% (p = 0.067). In conclusion, 12-week SIT is effective in increasing CRF and decreasing BF% in adolescent boys with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Salus
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Physiotherapy and Environmental Health, Tartu Health Care College, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Children's Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Remmel
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Unt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mäestu
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülle Parm
- Department of Physiotherapy and Environmental Health, Tartu Health Care College, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Agnes Mägi
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maie Tali
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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16
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Ribeiro JA, Schuch FB, Vargas KFM, Müller PT, Boullosa D. A Rapid Review of Randomized Trials Assessing the Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Depressive Symptoms in People with Mental Illness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10581. [PMID: 36078299 PMCID: PMC9518083 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to systematically search for randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols vs. control without exercise or other exercise protocols, in patients with mental disorders experiencing depressive symptoms, and to provide some guidance based on the current HIIT literature to improve further interventions. METHODS we searched for relevant studies, published by 18 August 2022 on PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus databases, that used a HIIT protocol, involving adults (≥18 years) with a diagnosis of a mental disorder, participating in a HIIT or a control condition, and assessed for depressive symptoms. RESULTS Four studies accounting for 108 participants (n HIIT = 55; n comparison groups = 53) met the inclusion criteria. Three out of the four studies included found significant improvements of depressive symptoms after 12 days to 8 weeks of intervention. However, there were no differences to other forms of low-to-moderate continuous exercise in 2/3 studies. CONCLUSIONS The limited evidence suggests the effectiveness of HIIT interventions for improving depressive symptoms in people with mental illness. However, HIIT was not superior to other exercise treatments, although a trend for its superiority may be recognized. A number of methodological issues should be considered in further interventions to better characterize and identify the most efficient HIIT modalities for the treatment of depressive symptoms in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Alves Ribeiro
- Program of Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105, Brazil
| | - Kleber F. Meneghel Vargas
- Maria Aparecida Pedrossian Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo T. Müller
- Program of Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
- Maria Aparecida Pedrossian Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Program of Movement Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
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17
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Nie M, Liu Q, Yan C. Skeletal Muscle Transcriptomic Comparison Between Men and Women in Response to Acute Sprint Exercise. Front Genet 2022; 13:860815. [PMID: 35903364 PMCID: PMC9315096 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.860815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute sprint exercise is a time-efficient physical activity that improves cardiorespiratory fitness in younger and middle-aged adults. Growing evidence has demonstrated that acute sprint exercise provides equal to or superior health benefits compared with moderate-intensity continuous training, which will dramatically increase aerobic capacity, insulin sensitivity, and muscle capillarization. Although the beneficial effects of acute sprint exercise are well documented, the mechanisms behind how acute sprint exercise prevents disease and benefits health are less understood. Method: We obtained differentially expressed genes in muscle (vastus lateralis) from men and women before and after an acute sprint exercise. Then, we identified hub genes from the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key transcription factors in men and women related to acute sprint exercise. Finally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses are performed on DEGs and sex-biased genes, respectively. Results: First, we identified 127 sexually dimorphic genes in men (90 upregulated and 37 downregulated) and 75 genes in women (90 upregulated and 37 downregulated) in response to acute sprint exercise. Second, CEBPB, SMAD3, and CDKN1A are identified as the top three hub genes related to men-biased genes. Accordingly, the top three hub genes related to women-biased genes are JUN, ACTB, and SMAD7. In addition, CLOCK, ZNF217, and KDM2B are the top three enriched transcriptional factors in men-biased genes, while XLR, SOX2, JUND, and KLF4 are transcription factors enriched most in women-biased genes. Furthermore, based on GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, we identified potential key pathways in regulating the exercise-related response in men and women, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we found the difference in gene expression and enrichment pathways in muscle in men and women in response to acute sprint exercise. These results will shed new light on the mechanism underlying sex-based differences in skeletal muscle remodeling and metabolism related to acute sprint exercise, which may illustrate the mechanisms behind how acute sprint exercise prevents disease and benefits health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Nie
- School of Physical Education, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Nano-carbon Modified Film Technology of Henan Province, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
- Diagnostic Laboratory of Animal Diseases, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Yan,
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18
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Brain hemodynamic changes during sprint interval cycling exercise and recovery periods. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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"HIIT the Inflammation": Comparative Effects of Low-Volume Interval Training and Resistance Exercises on Inflammatory Indices in Obese Metabolic Syndrome Patients Undergoing Caloric Restriction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14101996. [PMID: 35631137 PMCID: PMC9145085 DOI: 10.3390/nu14101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a cornerstone in metabolic syndrome (MetS) treatment. However, the effects of low-volume exercise modalities on MetS-associated low-grade inflammation are unclear. A total of 106 MetS patients (53.7 ± 11.4 years) were randomized to low-volume high-intensity interval training (LOW-HIIT, 14 min/session), single-set resistance training (1-RT, ~15 min/session), whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS, 20 min/session), three-set resistance training (3-RT, ~50 min/session), each performed 2 ×/week for 12 weeks, or a control group (CON). All groups received nutritional counseling for weight loss. Inflammatory and cardiometabolic indices were analyzed pre- and post-intervention. All groups significantly reduced body weight by an average of 3.6%. Only LOW-HIIT reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) (−1.6 mg/L, p = 0.001) and interleukin-6 (−1.1 pg/mL, p = 0.020). High-sensitivity CRP and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein decreased following LOW-HIIT (−1.4 mg/L, p = 0.001 and −2.1 ng/mL, p = 0.004) and 3-RT (−0.6 mg/L, p = 0.044 and −2.0 ng/mL, p < 0.001). MetS severity score improved with LOW-HIIT (−1.8 units, p < 0.001), 1-RT (−1.6 units, p = 0.005), and 3-RT (−2.3 units, p < 0.001). Despite similar effects on body weight, low-volume exercise modalities have different impact on inflammatory and cardiometabolic outcomes in MetS patients. LOW-HIIT has superior efficacy for improving inflammation compared to 1-RT and WB-EMS. Resistance-based exercise appears to require a higher volume to promote beneficial impact on inflammation.
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20
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Asadi M, Rahmani M, Samadi A, Kalantari Hesari A. Acetylsalicylic acid-induced alterations in male reproductive parameters in Wistar rats and the effect of sprint interval training. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14339. [PMID: 34862636 DOI: 10.1111/and.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of a 5-week ASA treatment on male reproductive parameters in Wistar rats; moreover, the potential benefits of a 4-week sprint interval training (SIT) on these measures following ASA treatment were investigated. A total of 25 male rats were obtained and randomly assigned to the control group (C, n = 10) and the ASA treatment group (EP, n = 15). After 5 weeks, five rats from each group were killed and the effect of ASA treatment on the reproductive parameters was assessed. Then, the ASA treatment terminated and the remaining 10 ASA-treated rats were divided into the non-treatment group (NT, n = 5) and the exercise training group (ET, n = 5), which performed SIT 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Five weeks of ASA treatment resulted in a statistically significant decrease in serum testosterone level, Leydig cell number, sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability, TDI, SI and RI, and it resulted in a significant increase in sperm nucleus maturity and sperm DNA fragmentation (p ˂ 0.05). Furthermore, 4 weeks of SIT reversed all the ASA-induced changes in male reproductive parameters (p < 0.05), but not the number of seminiferous tubules and the sperm motility (p > 0.05). A subchronic dose of ASA could lead to adverse alterations in male reproductive parameters and SIT is beneficial in reversing those alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Asadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmani
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Samadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kalantari Hesari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
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21
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Ketelhut S, Möhle M, Gürlich T, Hottenrott L, Hottenrott K. Optimizing sprint interval exercise for post-exercise hypotension: A randomized crossover trial. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:571-579. [PMID: 35200094 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2046860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of manipulating the rest intervals during sprint interval training (SIT) on post-exercise hypotension and within-session oxygen consumption.Thirty healthy, trained adults (aged 30.9 ± 8.7 years; 14 males, 16 females; BMI 22.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2; VO2max 50.7 ± 7.8 ml/kg/min) completed two different SIT protocols (4x 30-seconds all-out cycling sprints) with a one-week washout period. Sprint bouts were separated by either 1 (R1) or 3 (R3) minutes of active recovery. Both before and throughout the 45 minutes after the training, peripheral systolic (pSBP) and diastolic (pDBP) blood pressure, central systolic (cSBP) and diastolic (cDBP) blood pressure, aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate (HR) were assessed. Throughout the SIT protocols, oxygen consumption (VO2) was monitored.There were no significant differences in time spent at 75%, 85%, 95%, and 100% of maximal VO2 between R1 and R3. After R3, there was a significant reduction in pSBP, pDBP, cSBP, cDBP, and aPWV. After R1, there were no changes in the respective parameters. There were significant interaction effects in pSBD (p<0.001), pDBP (p<0.001), cSBP (p<0.001), cDBP (p=0.001), and aPWV (p=0.033). HR significantly increased after both conditions. Only R1 resulted in a significant reduction in SV.Longer resting intervals during SIT bouts seem to result in more substantial post-exercise hypotension effects. Time spent at a high percentage of maximal VO2 was not affected by rest interval manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ketelhut
- Institute of Sport Science, Department of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Möhle
- Institute of Sport Science, Department of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tina Gürlich
- Institute of Sport Science, Department of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laurra Hottenrott
- Institute of performance diagnostics and health promotion, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kuno Hottenrott
- Institute of Sport Science, Department of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of performance diagnostics and health promotion, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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22
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Metcalfe RS, Williams S, Fernandes GS, Astorino TA, Stork MJ, Phillips SM, Niven A, Vollaard NBJ. Affecting Effects on Affect: The Impact of Protocol Permutations on Affective Responses to Sprint Interval Exercise; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Participant Data. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:815555. [PMID: 35252858 PMCID: PMC8891702 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.815555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Responses to sprint interval exercise (SIE) are hypothesized to be perceived as unpleasant, but SIE protocols are diverse, and moderating effects of various SIE protocol parameters on affective responses are unknown. We performed a systematic search to identify studies (up to 01/05/2021) measuring affective valence using the Feeling Scale during acute SIE in healthy adults. Thirteen studies involving 18 unique trials and 316 unique participant (142 women and 174 men) affective responses to SIE were eligible for inclusion. We received individual participant data for all participants from all studies. All available end-of-sprint affect scores from each trial were combined in a linear mixed model with sprint duration, mode, intensity, recovery duration, familiarization and baseline affect included as covariates. Affective valence decreased significantly and proportionally with each additional sprint repetition, but this effect was modified by sprint duration: affect decreased more during 30 s (0.84 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.74–0.93) and 15–20 s sprints (1.02 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.93–1.10) compared with 5–6 s sprints (0.20 units/sprint; 95% CI: 0.18–0.22) (both p < 0.0001). Although the difference between 15–20 s and 30 s sprints was also significant (p = 0.02), the effect size was trivial (d = −0.12). We observed significant but trivial effects of mode, sprint intensity and pre-trial familiarization, whilst there was no significant effect of recovery duration. We conclude that affective valence declines during SIE, but the magnitude of the decrease for an overall SIE session strongly depends on the number and duration of sprints. This information can be applied by researchers to design SIE protocols that are less likely to be perceived as unpleasant in studies of real-world effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Metcalfe
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Williams
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Gwen S. Fernandes
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Todd A. Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States
| | - Matthew J. Stork
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Shaun M. Phillips
- Human Performance Science Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ailsa Niven
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Niels B. J. Vollaard
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Niels B. J. Vollaard
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23
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Boullosa D, Dragutinovic B, Feuerbacher J, Benítez-Flores S, Coyle E, Schumann M. Effects of short sprint interval training on aerobic and anaerobic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:810-820. [PMID: 35090181 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of short sprint interval training (sSIT) with efforts of ≤10 seconds on maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2 max), aerobic and anaerobic performances remain unknown. To verify the effectiveness of sSIT in physically active adults and athletes, a systematic literature search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The databases PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, SPORTDiscus were systematically searched on the 9th of May 2020 and updated on the 14th of September 2021. Inclusion criteria were based on PICO and included healthy athletes and active adults of any sex (≤40 years), performing supervised sSIT (≤10 s of "all out" and non "all out" efforts) of at least 2 weeks, with a minimum of 6 sessions. As a comparator, a non-sSIT control group, another high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group, or a continuous training (CT) group were required. A total of 18 studies was deemed eligible. The estimated SMDs based on the random-effects model were -0.56 (95% CI: -0.79, -0.33, p < 0.001) for V̇O2 max, -0.43 (95% CI: -0.67, -0.20, p < 0.001) for aerobic performance, and -0.44 (95% CI: -0.70, -0.18, p < 0.001) for anaerobic performance after sSIT vs. no exercise/usual training. However, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) for all outcomes when comparing sSIT vs. HIIT/CT. Our findings indicate a very high effectiveness of sSIT protocols in different exercise modes (e.g. cycling, running, paddling, punching) to improve V̇O2 max, aerobic and anaerobic performances in physically active young healthy adults and athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boullosa
- Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Boris Dragutinovic
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joshua Feuerbacher
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefano Benítez-Flores
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Edward Coyle
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Moritz Schumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
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24
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Herold F, Behrendt T, Meißner C, Müller NG, Schega L. The Influence of Acute Sprint Interval Training on Cognitive Performance of Healthy Younger Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:613. [PMID: 35010873 PMCID: PMC8745010 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence showing that an acute bout of physical exercises can improve cognitive performance, but the optimal exercise characteristics (e.g., exercise type and exercise intensity) remain elusive. In this regard, there is a gap in the literature to which extent sprint interval training (SIT) can enhance cognitive performance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of a time-efficient SIT, termed as "shortened-sprint reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training" (SSREHIT), on cognitive performance. Nineteen healthy adults aged 20-28 years were enrolled and assessed for attentional performance (via the d2 test), working memory performance (via Digit Span Forward/Backward), and peripheral blood lactate concentration immediately before and 10 min after an SSREHIT and a cognitive engagement control condition (i.e., reading). We observed that SSREHIT can enhance specific aspects of attentional performance, as it improved the percent error rate (F%) in the d-2 test (t (18) = -2.249, p = 0.037, d = -0.516), which constitutes a qualitative measure of precision and thoroughness. However, SSREHIT did not change other measures of attentional or working memory performance. In addition, we observed that the exercise-induced increase in the peripheral blood lactate levels correlated with changes in attentional performance, i.e., the total number of responses (GZ) (rm = 0.70, p < 0.001), objective measures of concentration (SKL) (rm = 0.73, p < 0.001), and F% (rm = -0.54, p = 0.015). The present study provides initial evidence that a single bout of SSREHIT can improve specific aspects of attentional performance and conforming evidence for a positive link between cognitive improvements and changes in peripheral blood lactate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (F.H.); (N.G.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (C.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Caroline Meißner
- Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (C.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (F.H.); (N.G.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (C.M.); (L.S.)
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25
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Islam H, Gibala MJ, Little JP. Exercise Snacks: A Novel Strategy to Improve Cardiometabolic Health. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2022; 50:31-37. [PMID: 34669625 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We define exercise snacks as isolated ≤1-min bouts of vigorous exercise performed periodically throughout the day. We hypothesize that exercise snacks are a feasible, well-tolerated, and time-efficient approach to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce the negative impact of sedentary behavior on cardiometabolic health. Efficacy has been demonstrated in small proof-of-concept studies. Additional research should investigate this novel physical activity strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC
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26
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Acute and Delayed Effects of Time-Matched Very Short "All Out" Efforts in Concentric vs. Eccentric Cycling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157968. [PMID: 34360257 PMCID: PMC8345736 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the authors' knowledge, there have been no studies comparing the acute responses to "all out" efforts in concentric (isoinertial) vs. eccentric (isovelocity) cycling. METHODS After two familiarization sessions, 12 physically active men underwent the experimental protocols consisting of a 2-min warm-up and 8 maximal efforts of 5 s, separated by 55 s of active recovery at 80 rpm, in concentric vs. eccentric cycling. Comparisons between protocols were conducted during, immediately after, and 24-h post-sessions. RESULTS Mechanical (Work: 82,824 ± 6350 vs. 60,602 ± 8904 J) and cardiometabolic responses (mean HR: 68.8 ± 6.6 vs. 51.3 ± 5.7% HRmax, lactate: 4.9 ± 2.1 vs. 1.8 ± 0.6 mmol/L) were larger in concentric cycling (p < 0.001). The perceptual responses to both protocols were similarly low. Immediately after concentric cycling, vertical jump was potentiated (p = 0.028). Muscle soreness (VAS; p = 0.016) and thigh circumference (p = 0.045) were slightly increased only 24-h after eccentric cycling. Serum concentrations of CK, BAG3, and MMP-13 did not change significantly post-exercise. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the appropriateness of the eccentric cycling protocol used as a time-efficient (i.e., ~60 kJ in 10 min) and safe (i.e., without exercise-induced muscle damage) alternative to be used with different populations in future longitudinal interventions.
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27
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Stamatakis E, Huang BH, Maher C, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Stathi A, Dempsey PC, Johnson N, Holtermann A, Chau JY, Sherrington C, Daley AJ, Hamer M, Murphy MH, Tudor-Locke C, Gibala MJ. Untapping the Health Enhancing Potential of Vigorous Intermittent Lifestyle Physical Activity (VILPA): Rationale, Scoping Review, and a 4-Pillar Research Framework. Sports Med 2021; 51:1-10. [PMID: 33108651 PMCID: PMC7806564 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently revised public health guidelines acknowledge the health benefits of regular intermittent bouts of vigorous intensity incidental physical activity done as part of daily living, such as carrying shopping bags, walking uphill, and stair climbing. Despite this recognition and the advantages such lifestyle physical activity has over continuous vigorous intensity structured exercise, a scoping review we conducted revealed that current research in this area is, at best, rudimentary. Key gaps include the absence of an empirically-derived dose specification (e.g., minimum duration of lifestyle physical activity required to achieve absolute or relative vigorous intensity), lack of acceptable measurement standards, limited understanding of acute and chronic (adaptive) effects of intermittent vigorous bouts on health, and paucity of essential information necessary to develop feasible and scalable interventions (e.g., acceptability of this kind of physical activity by the public). To encourage collaboration and research agenda alignment among groups interested in this field, we propose a research framework to further understanding of vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA). This framework comprises four pillars aimed at the development of: (a) an empirical definition of VILPA, (b) methods to reliably and accurately measure VILPA, (c) approaches to examine the short and long-term dose-response effects of VILPA, and (d) scalable and acceptable behavioural VILPA-promoting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stamatakis
- School of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Hub D17, L6 West, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Bo-Huei Huang
- School of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Hub D17, L6 West, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Maher
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Afroditi Stathi
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Physical Activity and Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathan Johnson
- School of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Hub D17, L6 West, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josephine Y Chau
- Department of Health Systems and Populations, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda J Daley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute Sport Exercise Health, Faculty Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marie H Murphy
- Doctoral College, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Co Antrim, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Catrine Tudor-Locke
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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28
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Benítez-Flores S, Magallanes CA, Alberton CL, Astorino TA. Physiological and Psychological Responses to Three Distinct Exercise Training Regimens Performed in an Outdoor Setting: Acute and Delayed Response. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:44. [PMID: 34073700 PMCID: PMC8162530 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the acute responses to three time-matched exercise regimens. Ten trained adults (age, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and body mass index (BMI) = 25.9 ± 5.6 yr, 50.9 ± 5.4 mL·kg-1·min-1, and 22.1 ± 1.8 kg·m-2) completed sprint interval training (SIT) requiring 14 × 5 s efforts with 35 s of recovery, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) consisting of 18 × 15 s efforts at ~90% of peak heart rate (HRpeak) with 15 s of recovery, and vigorous continuous training (CT) consisting of 8.75 min at ~85 %HRpeak, in randomized order. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment were monitored. Moreover, indices of neuromuscular function, autonomic balance, diet, mental stress, incidental physical activity (PA), and sleep were measured 24 h after each session to analyze the magnitude of recovery. Both HIIT and CT exhibited a greater %HRpeak and time ≥ 90 %HRpeak than SIT (p < 0.05). Blood lactate and rating of perceived exertion were higher in response to SIT and HIIT vs. CT (p < 0.05); however, there were no differences in enjoyment (p > 0.05). No differences were exhibited in any variable assessed along 24 h post-exercise between conditions (p > 0.05). These data suggest that HIIT and CT accumulate the longest duration at near maximal intensities, which is considered a key factor to enhance VO2max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Benítez-Flores
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay;
| | - Carlos A. Magallanes
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay;
| | - Cristine Lima Alberton
- Neuromuscular Assessment Laboratory, Physical Education School, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 625-96055630, Brazil;
| | - Todd A. Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096-0001, USA;
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29
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Karabiyik H, Eser MC, Guler O, Yasli BC, Ertetik G, Sisman A, Koz M, Gabrys T, Pilis K, Karayigit R. The Effects of 15 or 30 s SIT in Normobaric Hypoxia on Aerobic, Anaerobic Performance and Critical Power. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083976. [PMID: 33918866 PMCID: PMC8069352 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sprint interval training (SIT) is a concept that has been shown to enhance aerobic-anaerobic training adaptations and induce larger effects in hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 4 weeks of SIT with 15 or 30 s in hypoxia on aerobic, anaerobic performance and critical power (CP). A total of 32 male team players were divided into four groups: SIT with 15 s at FiO2: 0.209 (15 N); FiO2: 0.135 (15 H); SIT with 30 s at FiO2: 0.209 (30 N); and FiO2: 0.135 (30 H). VO2max did not significantly increase, however time-to-exhaustion (TTE) was found to be significantly longer in the post test compared to pre test (p = 0.001) with no difference between groups (p = 0.86). Mean power (MPw.kg) after repeated wingate tests was significantly higher compared to pre training in all groups (p = 0.001) with no difference between groups (p = 0.66). Similarly, CP was increased in all groups with 4 weeks of SIT (p = 0.001) with no difference between groups (p = 0.82). This study showed that 4 weeks of SIT with 15 and 30 s sprint bouts in normoxia or hypoxia did not increased VO2max in trained athletes. However, anerobic performance and CP can be increased with 4 weeks of SIT both in normoxia or hypoxia with 15 or 30 s of sprint durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Karabiyik
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey; (H.K.); (M.C.E.); (O.G.); (B.C.Y.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Mustafa Can Eser
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey; (H.K.); (M.C.E.); (O.G.); (B.C.Y.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Ozkan Guler
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey; (H.K.); (M.C.E.); (O.G.); (B.C.Y.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Burak Caglar Yasli
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey; (H.K.); (M.C.E.); (O.G.); (B.C.Y.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (M.K.)
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Iğdır University, Iğdır 76410, Turkey
| | - Goktug Ertetik
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey; (H.K.); (M.C.E.); (O.G.); (B.C.Y.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (M.K.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37000, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Sisman
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey; (H.K.); (M.C.E.); (O.G.); (B.C.Y.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (M.K.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla 48000, Turkey
| | - Mitat Koz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey; (H.K.); (M.C.E.); (O.G.); (B.C.Y.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Tomasz Gabrys
- Sport Centrum Faculty of Pedagogy, University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
| | - Karol Pilis
- Faculty of Health Science, Jan Dlugosz University, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Raci Karayigit
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı, Ankara 06830, Turkey; (H.K.); (M.C.E.); (O.G.); (B.C.Y.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-312-600-0100
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30
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Yasar Z, Elliott BT, Kyriakidou Y, Nwokoma CT, Postlethwaite RD, Gaffney CJ, Dewhurst S, Hayes LD. Sprint interval training (SIT) reduces serum epidermal growth factor (EGF), but not other inflammatory cytokines in trained older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1909-1919. [PMID: 33723630 PMCID: PMC8192388 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the effect of age on circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. A secondary aim was to investigate whether a novel sprint interval training (SIT) intervention (3 × 20 s ‘all out’ static sprints, twice a week for 8 weeks) would affect inflammatory markers in older men. Methods Nine older men [68 (1) years] and eleven younger men [28 (2) years] comprised the younger group. Aerobic fitness and inflammatory markers were taken at baseline for both groups and following the SIT intervention for the older group. Results Interleukin (IL)-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were unchanged for the older and younger groups at baseline (IL-8, p = 0.819; MCP-1, p = 0.248; VEGF, p = 0.264). Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was greater in the older group compared to the younger group at baseline [142 (20) pg mL−1 and 60 (12) pg mL−1, respectively, p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 1.64]. Following SIT, older men decreased EGF to 100 (12) pg mL−1 which was similar to that of young men who did not undergo training (p = 0.113, Cohen's d = 1.07). Conclusion Older aerobically trained men have greater serum EGF than younger aerobically trained men. A novel SIT intervention in older men can shift circulating EGF towards trained younger concentrations. As lower EGF has previously been associated with longevity in C. elegans, the manipulative effect of SIT on EGF in healthy ageing in the human may be of further interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerbu Yasar
- Active Ageing Research Group, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK
| | - Bradley T Elliott
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Yvoni Kyriakidou
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Chiazor T Nwokoma
- Translational Physiology Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish St, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Ruth D Postlethwaite
- Active Ageing Research Group, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Christopher J Gaffney
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Susan Dewhurst
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- Active Ageing Research Group, Institute of Health, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK.,School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK
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31
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Reljic D, Frenk F, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Effects of very low volume high intensity versus moderate intensity interval training in obese metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2836. [PMID: 33531522 PMCID: PMC7854610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a cornerstone in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Given the leading physical activity barrier of time commitment and safety concerns about vigorous exercise in high-risk groups, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two extremely time-efficient training protocols (< 30 min time effort per week), either performed as high- (HIIT) or moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) over 12 weeks, in obese MetS patients. In total, 117 patients (49.8 ± 13.6 years, BMI: 38.2 ± 6.2 kg/m2) were randomized to HIIT (n = 40), MIIT (n = 37) or an inactive control group (n = 40). All groups received nutritional counseling to support weight loss. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), MetS severity (MetS z-score), body composition and quality of life (QoL) were assessed pre-and post-intervention. All groups significantly reduced body weight (~ 3%) but only the exercise groups improved VO2max, MetS z-score and QoL. VO2max (HIIT: + 3.1 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001; MIIT: + 1.2 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05) and MetS z-score (HIIT: − 1.8 units, p < 0.001; MIIT: − 1.2 units, p < 0.01) improved in an exercise intensity-dependent manner. In conclusion, extremely low-volume interval training, even when done at moderate intensity, is sufficiently effective to improve cardiometabolic health in obese MetS patients. These findings underpin the crucial role of exercise in the treatment of obesity and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Reljic
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Fabienne Frenk
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J Herrmann
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Atef H, Muka T. Reduced-Exertion High-Intensity Interval Training as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Insomnia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:754171. [PMID: 34795600 PMCID: PMC8593976 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.754171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hady Atef
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical School, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taulant Muka
- Department of Preclinical Medicine, Medical School, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Acute Effects of Using Added Respiratory Dead Space Volume in a Cycling Sprint Interval Exercise Protocol: A Cross-Over Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249485. [PMID: 33352863 PMCID: PMC7766125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to compare acute physiological, biochemical, and perceptual responses during sprint interval exercise (SIE) with breathing through a device increasing added respiratory dead space volume (ARDSV) and without the device. Methods: The study involved 11 healthy, physically active men (mean maximal oxygen uptake: 52.6 ± 8.2 mL∙kg1∙min-1). During four visits to a laboratory with a minimum interval of 72 h, they participated in (1) an incremental test on a cycle ergometer; (2) a familiarization session; (3) and (4) cross-over SIE sessions. SIE consisted of 6 × 10-s all-out bouts with 4-min active recovery. During one of the sessions the participants breathed through a 1200-mL ARDSv (SIEARDS). Results: The work performed was significantly higher by 4.4% during SIEARDS, with no differences in the fatigue index. The mean respiratory ventilation was significantly higher by 13.2%, and the mean oxygen uptake was higher by 31.3% during SIEARDS. Respiratory muscle strength did not change after the two SIE sessions. In SIEARDS, the mean pH turned out significantly lower (7.26 vs. 7.29), and the mean HCO3- concentration was higher by 7.6%. Average La- and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) did not differ between the sessions. Conclusions: Using ARDSV during SIE provokes respiratory acidosis, causes stronger acute physiological responses, and does not increase RPE.
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Haines M, Broom D, Stephenson J, Gillibrand W. Influence of Sprint Duration during Minimal Volume Exercise on Aerobic Capacity and Affect. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:357-364. [PMID: 33022736 DOI: 10.1055/a-1255-3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of reduced-exertion, high-intensity interval training (REHIT), comparing a novel shortened-sprint protocol (SSREHIT) against a traditional protocol (TREHIT), on perceptual responses and to determine if changes in peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) are attenuated with shorter sprints. Twenty-four healthy men undertook 15 sessions of SSREHIT or TREHIT. V˙O2peak was determined at baseline and after completion of each exercise condition. Affective (pleasure-displeasure) responses and perceived exertion were assessed during exercise to capture peak responses. Enjoyment was recorded 5-min after cessation of exercise. Compared to baseline, V˙O2peak increased in both groups (6% for SSREHIT [d=- 0.36] and 9% for TREHIT [d=- 0.53], p=0.01). Affective responses were more favourable for SSREHIT (p=0.001, d=1.62), but both protocols avoided large negative peaks of displeasure. Peak ratings of perceived exertion were lower for SSREHIT (p=0.001, d=- 1.71), although there were no differences in enjoyment (d=0.25). The results demonstrate both exercise conditions can increase V˙O2peak without overly compromising perceptual responses. Decreased sprint duration might further circumvent negative perceptual responses but might also attenuate physiological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Haines
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Sport and Exercise, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield
| | - David Broom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry
| | - John Stephenson
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Sport and Exercise, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield
| | - Warren Gillibrand
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield
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Oviedo GR, Javierre C, Font-Farré M, Tamulevicius N, Carbó-Carreté M, Figueroa A, Pérez-Testor S, Cabedo-Sanromá J, Moss SJ, Massó-Ortigosa N, Guerra-Balic M. Intellectual disability, exercise and aging: the IDEA study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1266. [PMID: 32819350 PMCID: PMC7439526 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have low levels of physical activity (PA) together with accelerated aging profiles. Adherence to PA interventions for persons with ID is low based on barriers such as motivation. The IDEA study aims to determine the effect of two types of exercise programs, continuous aerobic (CAEP) vs sprint interval training (SIT), designed for seniors with ID on health-related physical fitness, cardiovascular parameters, quality of life (QoL), and emotional and cognitive function. METHODS In this trial, ninety seniors with ID between the ages of 40 and 75 yrs. from occupational health centers from the Autonomous Region of Catalonia (Spain) will be recruited. Participants will be randomly allocated to the CAEP, SIT, and control group. Both intervention groups will train 3 days/week, 1.5 h/day over 6 months. Outcome variables will be assessed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The outcome variables include weight, height, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, balance, flexibility, cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, pulse-wave velocity, pulse-wave analysis), QoL and cognitive function. The intervention effect will be determined with mixed models with repeated measures to assess changes in the outcome variables over time (baseline to month 12) and between study arms. Relationship between variables will be analyzed with appropriate regression analyses. DISCUSSION Various studies reported on CAEP and SIT as exercise interventions for persons with ID with beneficial outcomes on body composition, fitness and blood pressure. To our knowledge, this is the first trial designed to analyse the positive changes on fitness, PA levels, cardiovascular, QoL and cognitive function promoted by CAEP training and SIT in seniors with ID. The findings of this study will assist in the development of more effective exercise interventions to ensure better compliance and adherence to exercise in seniors with ID. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered at the ISRCTN registry. Registration number: ISRCTN43594228 . Registered 11 February 2019 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo R Oviedo
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain. .,School of Health Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Casimiro Javierre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Font-Farré
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nauris Tamulevicius
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, College of Natural and Health Sciences, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Susana Pérez-Testor
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Cabedo-Sanromá
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah J Moss
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Myriam Guerra-Balic
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
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Jones L, Stork MJ, Oliver LS. Affective responses to high-intensity interval training with continuous and respite music. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2803-2810. [PMID: 32776861 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1801324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Music has been shown to enhance affective responses to continuous exercise, but the most effective application of music during interval exercise is poorly understood. This study examined two contrasting applications of music designed to assuage the decline in pleasure often experienced during high-intensity interval training (HIIT). In a repeated measures crossover design, 18 recreationally active participants (10 men and 8 women; M age = 25.1 ± 5.1 years; M BMI = 23.08 ± 2.01 kg/m 2; M VO2max = 38.82 ± 10.73 ml/kg/min) completed three HIIT sessions (10 x 60 s efforts at 100% Wmax, separated by 75 s recovery) on a cycle ergometer. Participants completed two experimental conditions: respite music (applied only during the recovery periods), continuous music (applied throughout the entire HIIT session); and a no-music control condition. Results indicated that music did not influence affective valence during the work bouts or recovery periods of the HIIT sessions (ps >.05), but that listening to music continuously elicited greater post-task enjoyment (p =.032, d = 0.66) and remembered pleasure (p =.044, d = 0.5). This study is the first to investigate the application of music during a practical HIIT protocol and to compare the effects of respite versus continuous music during interval exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton Jones
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew J Stork
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia , Kelowna, Canada
| | - Liam S Oliver
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
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Francis K, Williamson T, Kelly P, Phillips SM. Continuous walking and time- and intensity-matched interval walking: Cardiometabolic demand and post-exercise enjoyment in insufficiently active, healthy adults. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:23-30. [PMID: 32755427 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1803717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared cardiometabolic demand and post-exercise enjoyment between continuous walking (CW) and time- and intensity-matched interval walking (IW) in insufficiently active adults. Sixteen individuals (13 females and three males, age 25.3 ± 11.1 years) completed one CW and one IW session lasting 30 min in a randomised-counterbalanced design. For CW, participants walked at a mean intensity of 65-70% predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax). For IW, participants alternated between 3 min at 80% HRmax and 2 min at 50% HRmax. Expired gas was measured throughout each protocol. Participants rated post-exercise enjoyment following each protocol. Mean HR and V˙O2 showed small positive differences in IW vs. CW (2, 95%CL 0, 4 beat.min-1; d = 0.23, 95%CL 0.06, 0.41 and 1.4, 95%CL 1.2 ml.kg-1.min-1, d = 0.36, 95%CL 0.05, 0.65, respectively). There was a medium positive difference in overall kcal expenditure in IW vs. CW (25, 95%CL 7 kcal, d = 0.58, 95%CL 0.33, 0.82). Post-exercise enjoyment was moderately greater following IW vs. CW (9.1, 95%CL 1.4, 16.8 AU, d = 0.62, 95%CL 0.06, 0.90), with 75% of participants reporting IW as more enjoyable. Interval walking elicits meaningfully greater energy expenditure and is more enjoyable than CW in insufficiently active, healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Francis
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom Williamson
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shaun M Phillips
- Human Performance Science Research Group, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
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Sprint Interval Running and Continuous Running Produce Training Specific Adaptations, Despite a Similar Improvement of Aerobic Endurance Capacity-A Randomized Trial of Healthy Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113865. [PMID: 32485945 PMCID: PMC7312918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate training-specific adaptations to eight weeks of moderate intensity continuous training (CT) and sprint interval training (SIT). Young healthy subjects (n = 25; 9 males and 16 females) performed either continuous training (30-60 min, 70-80% peak heart rate) or sprint interval training (5-10 near maximal 30 s sprints, 3 min recovery) three times per week for eight weeks. Maximal oxygen consumption, 20 m shuttle run test and 5·60 m sprint test were performed before and after the intervention. Furthermore, heart rate, oxygen pulse, respiratory exchange ratio, lactate and running economy were assessed at five submaximal intensities, before and after the training interventions. Maximal oxygen uptake increased after CT (before: 47.9 ± 1.5; after: 49.7 ± 1.5 mL·kg-1·min-1, p < 0.05) and SIT (before: 50.5 ± 1.6; after: 53.3 ± 1.5 mL·kg-1·min-1, p < 0.01), with no statistically significant differences between groups. Both groups increased 20 m shuttle run performance and 60 m sprint performance, but SIT performed better than CT at the 4th and 5th 60 m sprint after the intervention (p < 0.05). At submaximal intensities, CT, but not SIT, reduced heart rate (p < 0.05), whereas lactate decreased in both groups. In conclusion, both groups demonstrated similar improvements of several performance measures including VO2max, but sprint performance was better after SIT, and CT caused training-specific adaptations at submaximal intensities.
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The Effect of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2020; 49:1687-1721. [PMID: 31401727 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01167-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the efficacy of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for the modulation of body composition is unclear. OBJECTIVES We examined the effect of low-volume HIIT versus a non-exercising control and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in normal weight, overweight and obese adults. We evaluated the impact of low-volume HIIT (HIIT interventions where the total amount of exercise performed during training was ≤ 500 metabolic equivalent minutes per week [MET-min/week]) compared to a non-exercising control and MICT. METHODS A database search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Scopus from the earliest record to June 2019 for studies (randomised controlled trials and non-randomised controlled trials) with exercise training interventions with a minimum 4-week duration. Meta-analyses were conducted for between-group (low-volume HIIT vs. non-exercising control and low-volume HIIT vs. MICT) comparisons for change in total body fat mass (kg), body fat percentage (%), lean body mass (kg) and cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS From 11,485 relevant records, 47 studies were included. No difference was found between low-volume HIIT and a non-exercising control on total body fat mass (kg) (effect size [ES]: - 0.129, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.468 to 0.210; p = 0.455), body fat (%) (ES: - 0.063, 95% CI - 0.383 to 0.257; p = 0.700) and lean body mass (kg) (ES: 0.050, 95% CI - 0.250 to 0.351; p = 0.744), or between low-volume HIIT and MICT on total body fat mass (kg) (ES: - 0.021, 95% CI - 0.272 to 0.231; p = 0.872), body fat (%) (ES: 0.005, 95% CI - 0.294 to 0.304; p = 0.974) and lean body mass (kg) (ES: 0.030, 95% CI - 0.167 to 0.266; p = 0.768). However, low-volume HIIT significantly improved cardiorespiratory fitness compared with a non-exercising control (p < 0.001) and MICT (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION These data suggest that low-volume HIIT is inefficient for the modulation of total body fat mass or total body fat percentage in comparison with a non-exercise control and MICT. A novel finding of our meta-analysis was that there appears to be no significant effect of low-volume HIIT on lean body mass when compared with a non-exercising control, and while most studies tended to favour improvement in lean body mass with low-volume HIIT versus MICT, this was not significant. However, despite its lower training volume, low-volume HIIT induces greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness than a non-exercising control and MICT in normal weight, overweight and obese adults. Low-volume HIIT, therefore, appears to be a time-efficient treatment for increasing fitness, but not for the improvement of body composition.
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Jiménez-Maldonado A, García-Suárez PC, Rentería I, Moncada-Jiménez J, Plaisance EP. Impact of high-intensity interval training and sprint interval training on peripheral markers of glycemic control in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165820. [PMID: 32360396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycemic control is essential to reduce the risk of complications associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aerobic and resistance exercise performed alone or in combination improve glycemic control in both conditions. However, perceived lack of time and commitment are considered principal barriers to performing exercise regularly. High intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) can be performed in a fraction of the time required for continuous aerobic exercise. A substantial scientific evidence indicates that HIIT/SIT improve glycemic control to a similar or greater extent than aerobic exercise in populations without MetS or T2D. Likewise, growing evidence suggest that HIIT/SIT improve the glycemic control during MetS and T2D. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of interval training protocols on peripheral markers of glucose metabolism in patients with MetS and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iván Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexico
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Eric P Plaisance
- Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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Metcalfe RS, Atef H, Mackintosh K, McNarry M, Ryde G, Hill DM, Vollaard NBJ. Time-efficient and computer-guided sprint interval exercise training for improving health in the workplace: a randomised mixed-methods feasibility study in office-based employees. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:313. [PMID: 32164631 PMCID: PMC7068982 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The efficacy of high-intensity interval training (HIT) as a time-efficient exercise strategy for beneficially modifying risk factors for cardiovascular disease has repeatedly been demonstrated in controlled laboratory settings. However, the effectiveness of HIT in an unsupervised workplace setting has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to use mixed methods to investigate the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of a short-duration, high-intensity exercise intervention (REHIT) when applied unsupervised in a workplace setting. Methods Twenty-five office-workers (mean ± SD age: 47 ± 9 y, BMI: 27.5 ± 4.4 kg·m− 2, V̇O2max: 28 ± 7 mL·kg− 1·min− 1) completed a 6-week REHIT intervention unsupervised in their workplace (n = 13, 6 men), or acted as a no-intervention control (n = 12, 6 men). The intervention consisted of 2 sessions/week of low-intensity (~ 25 W) cycling interspersed with 2 ‘all-out’ sprints, increasing in duration from 10 to 20 s per sprint over the 6 weeks (total time-commitment: 8:40 min per session). V̇O2max was assessed pre- and post-training, whilst questionnaire-based measures of exercise enjoyment, self-efficacy, and acceptability were completed post-training. Eight participants also completed post-intervention semi-structured interviews. Results V̇O2max significantly improved in the exercise group (2.25 ± 0.75 L·min− 1 vs. 2.42 ± 0.82 L·min− 1; + 7.4%) compared to the control group (2.22 ± 0.72 L·min− 1 vs. 2.17 ± 0.74 L·min− 1; − 2.3%; time*intervention interaction effect: p < 0.01). Participants considered the REHIT intervention acceptable and enjoyable (PACES: 89 ± 17 out of 119) and were confident in their ability to continue to perform REHIT (7.8 ± 1.2 out of 9). Qualitative data revealed that REHIT offered a time-efficient opportunity to exercise, that was perceived as achievable, and which encouraged highly valued post-exercise outcomes (e.g. progress towards health/fitness benefits). Conclusions REHIT could be implemented as a feasible, effective and acceptable exercise intervention in a workplace setting, with a total time-commitment of < 20 min/week. Consideration of certain psycho-social factors and behaviour-change techniques may ensure adherence to the REHIT programme in the long term. Trial registration The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 07/05/2019 (registration: NCT03941145).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Metcalfe
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Hady Atef
- Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Kelly Mackintosh
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Melitta McNarry
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Gemma Ryde
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Denise M Hill
- Applied Sports Science, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Niels B J Vollaard
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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Price KJ, Gordon BA, Bird SR, Benson AC. Acute cardiovascular responses to interval exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:970-984. [PMID: 32154760 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1737395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interval exercise training is increasingly recommended to improve health and fitness; however, it is not known if cardiovascular risk is different from continuous exercise protocols. This systematic review with meta-analyses assessed the effect of a single bout of interval exercise on cardiovascular responses that indicate risk of cardiac fibrillation and infarction compared to continuous exercise. Electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane were searched. Key inclusion criteria were: (1) intervals of the same intensity and duration followed by a recovery period and (2) reporting at least one of blood pressure, heart rate variability, arterial stiffness or function. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE approach were used. Meta-analyses found that systolic blood pressure responses to interval exercise did not differ from responses to continuous exercise immediately (MD 8 mmHg [95% CI -32, 47], p = 0.71) or at 60 min following exercise (MD 0 mmHg [95% CI -2, 1], p = 0.79). However, reductions in diastolic blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation with interval exercise were observed 10-15 min post-exercise. The available evidence indicates that interval exercise does not convey higher cardiovascular risk than continuous exercise. Further investigation is required to establish the safety of interval exercise for clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym Joanne Price
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brett Ashley Gordon
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Richard Bird
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Clare Benson
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Niven A, Laird Y, Saunders DH, Phillips SM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of affective responses to acute high intensity interval exercise compared with continuous moderate- and high-Intensity exercise. Health Psychol Rev 2020; 15:540-573. [PMID: 32067574 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1728564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence for the physical health benefits of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE), but its public health potential has been challenged. It is purported that compared with moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) the high intensity nature of HIIE may lead to negative affective responses. This systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42017058203) addressed this proposition and synthesised research that compares affective responses to HIIE with MICE and vigorous intensity continuous exercise (VICE), during-, end-, and post-exercise. Searches were conducted on five databases, and findings from 33 studies were meta-analysed using random effects models or narratively synthesised. A meta-analysis of affect showed a significant effect in favour of MICE vs HIIE at the lowest point, during and post-exercise, but not at end, and the narrative synthesis supported this for other affective outcomes. Differences on affect between VICE vs HIIE were limited. Pooled data showed arousal levels were consistently higher during HIIE. For enjoyment there was a significant effect in favour of HIIE vs MICE, no difference for HIIE vs VICE at post-exercise, and mixed findings for during-exercise. Although the findings are clouded by methodological issues they indicate that compared to MICE, HIIE is experienced less positively but post-exercise is reported to be more enjoyable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa Niven
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yvonne Laird
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David H Saunders
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shaun M Phillips
- Human Performance Science Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Thomas G, Songsorn P, Gorman A, Brackenridge B, Cullen T, Fitzpatrick B, Metcalfe RS, Vollaard NBJ. Reducing training frequency from 3 or 4 sessions/week to 2 sessions/week does not attenuate improvements in maximal aerobic capacity with reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT). Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:683-685. [PMID: 32078337 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present randomised-controlled trial we investigated the effect of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) training frequency (2, 3, or 4 sessions/week for 6 weeks) on maximal aerobic capacity in 42 inactive individuals (13 women; mean ± SD age: 25 ± 5 years, maximal aerobic capacity: 35 ± 5 mL·kg-1·min-1). Changes in maximal aerobic capacity were not significantly different between the 3 groups (2 sessions/week: +10.2%; 3 sessions/week: +8.1%; 4 sessions per week: +7.3%). In conclusion, a training frequency of 2 sessions/week is sufficient for REHIT to improve maximal aerobic capacity. Novelty We demonstrate that reducing REHIT training frequency from 3 or 4 to 2 sessions/week does not attenuate improvements in the key health marker of maximal aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Thomas
- School of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Preeyaphorn Songsorn
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Aimee Gorman
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Ben Brackenridge
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Tom Cullen
- School of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Ben Fitzpatrick
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Richard S Metcalfe
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Niels B J Vollaard
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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Comparison of Acute Responses to Two Different Cycling Sprint Interval Exercise Protocols with Different Recovery Durations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031026. [PMID: 32041164 PMCID: PMC7037622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Knowledge of acute responses to different sprint interval exercise (SIE) helps to implement new training programs. The aim of this study was to compare the acute physiological, metabolic and perceptual responses to two different SIE cycling protocols with different recovery durations. Methods: Twelve healthy, active male participants took part in this study and completed four testing sessions in the laboratory separated by a minimum of 72h. Two SIE protocols were applied in randomized order: SIE6×10”/4’—six “all-out” repeated 10-s bouts, interspersed with 4-min recovery; and SIESERIES—two series of three “all-out” repeated 10-s bouts, separated by 30-s recovery and 18-min recovery between series. Protocols were matched for the total work time (1 min) and recovery (20 min). Results: In SIESERIES, peak oxygen uptake and peak heart rate were significantly higher (p < 0.05), without differences in peak blood lactate concentration and mean rating of perceived exertion compared to SIE6×10”/4’. There were no differences in peak power output, peak oxygen uptake and peak heart rate between both series in SIESERIES. Conclusions: Two series composed of three 10-s “all-out” bouts in SIESERIES protocol evoked higher cardiorespiratory responses, which can provide higher stimulus to improve aerobic fitness in regular training.
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The Impact of Sprint Interval Training Frequency on Blood Glucose Control and Physical Function of Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020454. [PMID: 31936725 PMCID: PMC7013863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a powerful tool for improving health in older adults, but the minimum frequency required is not known. This study sought to determine the effect of training frequency of sprint interval training (SIT) on health and physical function in older adults. Thirty-four (13 males and 21 females) older adults (age 65 ± 4 years) were recruited. Participants were allocated to a control group (CON n = 12) or a once- (n = 11) or twice- (n = 11) weekly sprint interval training (SIT) groups. The control group maintained daily activities; the SIT groups performed 8 weeks of once- or twice-weekly training sessions consisting of 6 s sprints. Metabolic health (oral glucose tolerance test), aerobic capacity (walk test) and physical function (get up and go test, sit to stand test) were determined before and after training. Following training, there were significant improvements in blood glucose control, physical function and aerobic capacity in both training groups compared to control, with changes larger than the smallest worthwhile change. There was a small to moderate effect for blood glucose (d = 0.43–0.80) and physical function (d = 0.43–0.69) and a trivial effect for aerobic capacity (d = 0.01) between the two training frequencies. Once a week training SIT is sufficient to produce health benefits. Therefore, the minimum time and frequency of exercise required is much lower than currently recommended.
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Gibala MJ, Little JP. Physiological basis of brief vigorous exercise to improve health. J Physiol 2019; 598:61-69. [PMID: 31691289 DOI: 10.1113/jp276849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review considers the physiological basis of brief vigorous exercise to improve health, with a focus on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and glycaemic control, and the potential underlying mechanisms involved. We defined 'brief' as a protocol lasting ≤15 min including warm-up, cool-down and recovery, and involving a total of ≤5 min of 'vigorous' exercise, which was classified as meeting or exceeding the lower end of the range for this relative intensity as per the criteria from the American College of Sports Medicine. The physiological mechanisms responsible for the increase in CRF, as measured by maximal oxygen update ( V ̇ O 2 max ), after brief vigorous exercise are unclear and likely depend on various factors including the specific nature of the intervention as well as the time course of the response. Limited available evidence suggests the potential for an increased oxygen extraction by active muscle (i.e. greater arterio-venous oxygen difference), since an increase in V ̇ O 2 max has been reported after several weeks of brief vigorous exercise despite no measurable change in cardiac output. Emerging evidence indicates that brief vigorous exercise can improve glycaemic control, suggesting that this type of exercise could potentially play a role in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. The acute response is not well characterized but several studies have shown that several weeks of vigorous exercise improves estimates of insulin sensitivity as determined by various methods including by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. The physiological mechanisms underlying improved CRF and glycaemic control after brief vigorous exercise, and the broader impact on health, remain fruitful areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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The effects of same-session combined exercise training on cardiorespiratory and functional fitness in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:1701-1717. [PMID: 30661187 PMCID: PMC6825647 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endurance and strength training are effective strategies for counteracting age-associated reductions in physical performance in older adults, with a combination of both exercise modes recommended to maximise potential fitness benefits. This meta-analysis sought to quantify the effects of same-session combined endurance and strength training on fitness in adults aged over 50 years. Five electronic databases were searched with studies required to include one of the following outcome measures: VO2peak, 6-min walk test (6MWT), 8-ft timed up-and-go (TUG), and 30-s chair stand. Separate random-effects meta-analyses compared combined training with (1) no-exercise control, (2) endurance training, and (3) strength training with probabilistic magnitude-based inferences subsequently applied. Twenty-seven studies involving 1346 subjects with a mean age of 68.8 years (range 54–85 years) were included in the analysis. The meta-analysed effect on VO2peak was a moderately beneficial effect for the combined training compared to no-exercise controls (3.6 mL kg−1 min−1; ± 95% confidence limits 0.8 mL kg−1 min−1) with additional increases for studies with greater proportions of female participants and shorter training interventions. Combined training also had small-to-moderately beneficial effects on VO2peak when compared to endurance training (0.8 mL kg−1 min−1; ± 1.0 mL kg−1 min−1), 30-s chair stand when compared with strength training (1.1 repetitions; ± 0.5 repetitions) and on TUG (0.8 s; ± 0.7 s), 30-s chair stand (2.8 repetitions; ± 1.7 repetitions), and 6MWT (31.5 m; ± 22.4 m) when compared to no-exercise controls. All other comparisons were unclear. Same-session combined training can induce clinically relevant fitness improvements in older adults.
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Haines M, Broom D, Gillibrand W, Stephenson J. Effects of three low-volume, high-intensity exercise conditions on affective valence. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:121-129. [PMID: 31661663 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1684779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A common barrier to exercise is "lack of time". Accordingly, interest in low-volume, high-intensity training has grown exponentially since this activity is considered time-efficient. However, the high-intensity nature of this exercise may frequently result in feelings of displeasure creating another barrier for many people. The purpose of this study was to compare affective (pleasure-displeasure) responses to three low-volume, high-intensity exercise conditions, including a novel shortened-sprint protocol. Using a within-subjects, randomised crossover experiment, healthy participants (N = 36) undertook a single bout of: 1) traditional reduced-exertion, high-intensity interval training (TREHIT), 2) a novel, shortened-sprint REHIT (SSREHIT) protocol, and 3) sprint continuous training (SCT). Affect and perceived efforts were recorded throughout exercise using the Feeling Scale (FS) and the 15-point Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale, respectively. Enjoyment was recorded 5 min post-exercise using the Exercise Enjoyment Scale (EES). Differences were found for FS (condition by time interaction: P = 0.01GG, η2 = 0.26), RPE (P = 0.01GG, η2 = 0.23), and enjoyment (P < 0.01) with all outcomes favouring SSREHIT. Shortened-sprint protocols may diminish feelings of displeasure and might be a time-efficient yet tolerable exercise choice to help motivate some people to increase their physical activity and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Haines
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - David Broom
- Academy for Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Warren Gillibrand
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - John Stephenson
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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Ito S. High-intensity interval training for health benefits and care of cardiac diseases - The key to an efficient exercise protocol. World J Cardiol 2019; 11:171-188. [PMID: 31565193 PMCID: PMC6763680 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v11.i7.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various coronary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Although exercise training is the best method to improve VO2peak, the guidelines of most academic societies recommend 150 or 75 min of moderate- or vigorous- intensity physical activities, respectively, every week to gain health benefits. For general health and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an efficient exercise protocol with short exercise sessions. Given the availability of the numerous HIIT protocols, which can be classified into aerobic HIIT and anaerobic HIIT [usually called sprint interval training (SIT)], professionals in health-related fields, including primary physicians and cardiologists, may find it confusing when trying to select an appropriate protocol for their patients. This review describes the classifications of aerobic HIIT and SIT, and their differences in terms of effects, target subjects, adaptability, working mechanisms, and safety. Understanding the HIIT protocols and adopting the correct type for each subject would lead to better improvements in VO2peak with higher adherence and less risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Ito
- Division of Cardiology, Sankuro Hospital, Aichi-ken, Toyota 4710035, Japan
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