1
|
Huynh DC, Nguyen MP, Ngo DT, Nguyen XH, Nguyen DT, Mai TH, Le TH, Hoang MD, Le KL, Nguyen KQ, Nguyen VH, Kelley KW. A comprehensive analysis of the immune system in healthy Vietnamese people. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30647. [PMID: 38765090 PMCID: PMC11101793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle, diet, socioeconomic status and genetics all contribute to heterogeneity in immune responses. Vietnam is plagued with a variety of health problems, but there are no available data on immune system values in the Vietnamese population. This study aimed to establish reference intervals for immune cell parameters specific to the healthy Vietnamese population by utilizing multi-color flow cytometry (MCFC). We provide a comprehensive analysis of total leukocyte count, quantitative and qualitative shifts within lymphocyte subsets, serum and cytokine and chemokine levels and functional attributes of key immune cells including B cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and their respective subpopulations. By establishing these reference values for the Vietnamese population, these data contribute significantly to our understanding of the human immune system variations across diverse populations. These data will be of substantial comparative value and be instrumental in developing personalized medical approaches and optimizing diagnostic strategies for individuals based on their unique immune profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keith W Kelley
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bajwa S, Luebbe A, Vo NDN, Piskor EM, Kosan C, Wolf G, Loeffler I. RAGE is a critical factor of sex-based differences in age-induced kidney damage. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1154551. [PMID: 37064891 PMCID: PMC10090518 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1154551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of molecules with potential pathophysiological effects on the kidneys. Fibrosis together with the accumulation of AGEs has been investigated for its contribution to age-related decline in renal function. AGEs mediate their effects in large parts through their interactions with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). RAGE is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and has the ability to interact with multiple pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative ligands. The role of RAGE in aging kidneys has not been fully characterized, especially for sex-based differences.Methods: Therefore, we analyzed constitutive RAGE knockout (KO) mice in an age- and sex-dependent manner. Paraffin-embedded kidney sections were used for histological analysis and protein expression of fibrosis and damage markers. RNA expression analysis from the kidney cortex was done by qPCR for AGE receptors, kidney damage, and early inflammation/fibrosis factors. FACS analysis was used for immune cell profiling of the kidneys.Results: Histological analysis revealed enhanced infiltration of immune cells (positive for B220) in aged (>70 weeks old) KO mice in both sexes. FACS analysis revealed a similar pattern of enhanced B-1a cells in aged KO mice. There was an age-based increase in pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF, TGF-β1, and SNAIL1) in KO male mice that presumably contributed to renal fibrosis and renal damage (glomerular and tubular). In fact, in KO mice, there was an age-dependent increase in renal damage (assessed by NGAL and KIM1) that was accompanied by increased fibrosis (assessed by CTGF). This effect was more pronounced in male KO mice than in the female KO mice. In contrast to the KO animals, no significant increase in damage markers was detectable in wild-type animals at the age examined (>70 weeks old). Moreover, there is an age-based increase in AGEs and scavenger receptor MSR-A2 in the kidneys.Discussion: Our data suggest that the loss of the clearance receptor RAGE in male animals further accelerates age-dependent renal damage; this could be in part due to an increase in AGEs load during aging and the absence of protective female hormones. By contrast, in females, RAGE expression seems to play only a minor role when compared to tissue pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seerat Bajwa
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Luebbe
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ngoc Dong Nhi Vo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Piskor
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Kosan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gunter Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ivonne Loeffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ivonne Loeffler,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pillai A, Nayak A, Tiwari D, Pillai PK, Pandita A, Sakharkar S, Balasubramanian H, Kabra N. COVID-19 Disease in Under-5 Children: Current Status and Strategies for Prevention including Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:693. [PMID: 36992278 PMCID: PMC10058749 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the globe in early 2020, we have steadily gained insight into its pathogenesis; thereby improving surveillance and preventive measures. In contrast to other respiratory viruses, neonates and young children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have a milder clinical presentation, with only a small proportion needing hospitalization and intensive care support. With the emergence of novel variants and improved testing services, there has been a higher incidence of COVID-19 disease reported among children and neonates. Despite this, the proportion of young children with severe disease has not increased. Key mechanisms that protect young children from severe COVID-19 disease include the placental barrier, differential expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors, immature immune response, and passive transfer of antibodies via placenta and human milk. Implementing mass vaccination programs has been a major milestone in reducing the global disease burden. However, considering the lower risk of severe COVID-19 illness in young children and the limited evidence about long-term vaccine safety, the risk-benefit balance in children under five years of age is more complex. In this review, we do not support or undermine vaccination of young children but outline current evidence and guidelines, and highlight controversies, knowledge gaps, and ethical issues related to COVID-19 vaccination in young children. Regulatory bodies should consider the individual and community benefits of vaccinating younger children in their local epidemiological setting while planning regional immunization policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anish Pillai
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Anuja Nayak
- Bai Jerabai Wadia Hospital for Children, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel East, Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepika Tiwari
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pratichi Kadam Pillai
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aakash Pandita
- Medanta Super Specialty Hospital, Sector-A, Pocket-1, Amar Shaheed Path, Golf City, Lucknow 226030, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Sakharkar
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Nandkishor Kabra
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Munteanu AN, Surcel M, Isvoranu G, Constantin C, Neagu M. Healthy Ageing Reflected in Innate and Adaptive Immune Parameters. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:1513-1526. [PMID: 36247200 PMCID: PMC9555218 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s375926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the paper is to establish and quantify the relation between healthy ageing and the innate and adaptive immune parameters as indicators of age-related diseases. Patients In order to observe the immunological changes that occur according to age, several humoral and cellular immune parameters were investigated for 288 healthy donors (30-80 years). Subjects' selection was done using clinical, biochemical and immunological parameters of inclusion/exclusion criteria from SENIEUR protocol. Results Age-related changes were observed for both humoral and cellular immune parameters. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping revealed several significant differences in the distribution of cells, both intra- and inter-age groups, namely decreased values of T-CD3+, T-CD8+ and NK cells, and elevated values for T-CD4+, T-CD4+/T-CD8+ ratio and B cells. The percentages of unstimulated neutrophils that show basal oxidative activity and the intensity of this activity had an increasing tendency age-related. The percentage of N-Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine stimulated neutrophils clearly decreases with age, and is associated with an increasing intensity of oxidative activity. Our data also have shown an increased percentage of oxidative neutrophils after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation and an elevated oxidative activity with age. Conclusion Overall healthy ageing is governed by some immune-related deregulations that account for immune exhaustion due to numerous developed immune processes during a life-time and the age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Narcisa Munteanu
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania,Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, 050095, Romania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - Gheorghița Isvoranu
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, 020125, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania,Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, 050095, Romania,Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, 020125, Romania,Correspondence: Monica Neagu, Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 050096, Romania, Tel/Fax +4021-3194528, Email
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kochanowicz JF, Nowicka A, Al-Saad SR, Karbowski LM, Gadzinowski J, Szpecht D. Catheter-related bloodstream infections in infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units: a single center study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13679. [PMID: 35953522 PMCID: PMC9372030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis in neonates carries a high morbidity and mortality rate and is among the most feared complications in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are a common etiology of late-onset sepsis. The aim of this study was to compare risk factors and characteristics between patients according to the type of catheter that was utilized and according to birth weight classification. The study included 51 newborns with confirmed CRBSI, which were hospitalized in our level 3 NICU between January 2017 and December 2018. The study population was stratified according to the type of venous catheter utilized (peripherally inserted central catheter, central venous catheter (CVC), and peripheral venous catheter). Infants with low birth weight and those who required prolonged parenteral nutrition were most likely to develop CRBSI in our study group. The type of venous catheter was not associated with blood culture results. Also, infants with a birth weight of < 1500 g and > 1500 g did not differ in sepsis etiology. Further research is required to assess venous catheters relative risk of causing sepsis and if the outcome can be traced back specifically to catheter type or patient characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Nowicka
- Chair and Department of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Janusz Gadzinowski
- Chair and Department of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Szpecht
- Chair and Department of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ozturk H, Saribal D, Gelmez YM, Deniz G, Yilmaz A, Kirectepe A, Ercan AM. Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure during the prenatal and postnatal periods alters pro-inflammatory cytokines levels by gender. Electromagn Biol Med 2022; 41:163-173. [PMID: 35232334 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2046045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to the excessive electromagnetic fields is considered harmful to infants and associated with several health problems in life, such as neurological or immune diseases. In this present study we aimed to investigate the potential effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure during the gestational and lactational period of dams on immune system parameters. The development of white blood cells (WBC), lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, and B cells) and production of T cell related cytokines were explored in the offsprings. Significant changes were found in WBC and lymphocyte counts. Although no changes in lymphocyte subunits were observed among groups, CD4+ cells were significantly increased in the female group exposed to ELF-EMF. Also, IL-17A and IFN-γ levels increased in plasma and spleen. The mean IL-4 level and the expression level of the IL-4 gene were not changed, in the experimental groups. But the expression of the IL-17A gene was also upregulated, which supports cytokine quantification analyses. In conclusion, ELF-EMF exposure in the prenatal and postnatal period increases the level of IL-17A in the spleen and blood of young female rats, and it upregulates IL-17 gene expression in the spleen, resulting in CD4+ cell proliferation and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ozturk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Karadeniz Technical Unicersity, Trabzon, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul University/Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Saribal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul University/Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Metin Gelmez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunnur Deniz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Yilmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Kirectepe
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Nisantasi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Alev Meltem Ercan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul University/Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wickramasinghe LC, van Wijngaarden P, Tsantikos E, Hibbs ML. The immunological link between neonatal lung and eye disease. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1322. [PMID: 34466225 PMCID: PMC8387470 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are two neonatal diseases of major clinical importance, arising in large part as a consequence of supplemental oxygen therapy used to promote the survival of preterm infants. The presence of coincident inflammation in the lungs and eyes of neonates receiving oxygen therapy indicates that a dysregulated immune response serves as a potential common pathogenic factor for both diseases. This review examines the current state of knowledge of immunological dysregulation in BPD and ROP, identifying similarities in the cellular subsets and inflammatory cytokines that are found in the alveoli and retina during the active phase of these diseases, indicating possible mechanistic overlap. In addition, we highlight gaps in the understanding of whether these responses emerge independently in the lung and retina as a consequence of oxygen exposure or arise because of inflammatory spill-over from the lung. As BPD and ROP are anatomically distinct, they are often considered discreet disease entities and are therefore treated separately. We propose that an improved understanding of the relationship between BPD and ROP is key to the identification of novel therapeutic targets to treat or prevent both conditions simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshanie C Wickramasinghe
- Leukocyte Signalling LaboratoryDepartment of Immunology and PathologyCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- OphthalmologyDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- Leukocyte Signalling LaboratoryDepartment of Immunology and PathologyCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Leukocyte Signalling LaboratoryDepartment of Immunology and PathologyCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Uzenbaeva LB, Kizhina AG, Kalinina SN, Khizhkin EA, Ilyukha VA, Pechorina EF, Fokina VO. Effect of Lighting Regimes and the Melatonin Receptor Antagonist Luzindole on the Composition of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Wistar Rats in Postnatal Ontogenesis. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057021020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
9
|
O'Connor KM, Ashoori M, Dias ML, Dempsey EM, O'Halloran KD, McDonald FB. Influence of innate immune activation on endocrine and metabolic pathways in infancy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E24-E46. [PMID: 33900849 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00542.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Premature infants often require extended hospital stays, with increased risk of developing infection compared with term infants. A picture is emerging of wide-ranging deleterious consequences resulting from innate immune system activation in the newborn infant. Those who survive infection have been exposed to a stimulus that can impose long-lasting alterations into later life. In this review, we discuss sepsis-driven alterations in integrated neuroendocrine and metabolic pathways and highlight current knowledge gaps in respect of neonatal sepsis. We review established biomarkers for sepsis and extend the discussion to examine emerging findings from human and animal models of neonatal sepsis that propose novel biomarkers for early identification of sepsis. Future research in this area is required to establish a greater understanding of the distinct neonatal signature of early and late-stage infection, to improve diagnosis, curtail inappropriate antibiotic use, and promote precision medicine through a biomarker-guided empirical and adjunctive treatment approach for neonatal sepsis. There is an unmet clinical need to decrease sepsis-induced morbidity in neonates, to limit and prevent adverse consequences in later life and decrease mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M O'Connor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Ashoori
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M L Dias
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E M Dempsey
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - K D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - F B McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan M, Saddique MAB, Tahir H, Amjad MD, Ahmad A, Masood U, Khan D. A short review on key role of plants and their extracts in boosting up immune response to combat COVID-19. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:e270521193625. [PMID: 34047261 DOI: 10.2174/1871526521666210527091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the wake of the recent global pandemic of COVID-19, there has been an increasing concern among the general public to improve their immune system. The causative agent of COVID-19 is SARS CoV-2, similar to its relative viruses SARS Cov-1 and MERS. Up till now, no vaccine has been developed against this disease and the only way one can stay safe is via prevention and developing one's immune system. Plants have been used since ancient times in herbal medicines and many chemicals and extracts in them are found to boost the immune system. Therefore, a consciously maintained diet consisting of plant-based immunity boosters is the need of the hour. Plants are known to provide many chemicals, natural therapeutics and vitamins which naturally enhance our immune system. Recently, vaccination research is also being carried out in transgenic plants. In this review, we have focused on highlighting some of the main players within the Kingdom Plantae which, when taken up in regular diet, can significantly boost our immune system capacity and thus provide the best possible measure to combat this pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Pakistan
| | - Huzaifa Tahir
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Dawood Amjad
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Ahmad
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Pakistan
| | - Usama Masood
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Pakistan
| | - Dilawar Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saida L, Tulasi CDSLN, Narasu ML. Evaluation of chemo-preventive efficacy of Ficus religiosa latex extract by flow cytometry analysis and gene expression studies performed by RT-PCR in various cell lines. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
An extract of Ficus religiosa latex has been previously found to possess potent pharmacological activity with high antioxidant content phytochemical. The present research was conducted to investigate the chemo-preventive efficacy of latex extract on human breast adenocarcinoma MDA MB 231, human neroblastoma IMR 32, and human colorectal HCT 116 cell lines.
Results
The results showed that the latex crude extract induced cytotoxicity in all the selected cell lines with IC50 value 4.8 ± 1.13 μg/ml against the IMR 32 cell line. The cell cycle analysis results indicated the arrest and accumulation of cells at G1 phase in case of MDA MB 231 cells and HCT 116 cells whereas in the case of IMR 32 cells the arrest was in G2/M phase. The clear bands of fragments observed in DNA ladder experiments showed that apoptosis is induced by extracts in the cell lines. This could be correlated with the gene level expression studies on selected pro-apoptotic (p53 and caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2, AKT) genes, which got upregulated and downregulated, respectively.
Conclusion
Based on the experimental evidence, Ficus religiosa contains phytochemicals with potent antitumor activities.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim J, Hope CM, Perkins GB, Stead SO, Scaffidi JC, Kette FD, Carroll RP, Barry SC, Coates PT. Rapamycin and abundant TCR stimulation are required for the generation of stable human induced regulatory T cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1223. [PMID: 33425354 PMCID: PMC7780108 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a vital sub-population of CD4+ T cells with major roles in immune tolerance and homeostasis. Given such properties, the use of regulatory T cells for immunotherapies has been extensively investigated, with a focus on adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded natural Tregs (nTregs). For immunotherapies, induced Tregs (iTregs), generated in vitro from naïve CD4+ T cells, provide an attractive alternative, given the ease of generating cell numbers required for clinical dosage. While the combination of TGF-β, ATRA and rapamycin has been shown to generate highly suppressive iTregs, the challenge for therapeutic iTreg generation has been their instability. Here, we investigate the impact of rapamycin concentrations and α-CD3/CD28 bead ratios on human iTreg stability. METHODS We assess iTregs generated with various concentrations of rapamycin and differing ratios of α-CD3/CD28 beads for their differentiation, stability, expression of Treg signature molecules and T helper effector cytokines, and Treg-specific demethylation region (TSDR) status. RESULTS iTregs generated in the presence of TGF-β, ATRA, rapamycin and a higher ratio of α-CD3/CD28 beads were highly suppressive and stable upon in vitro re-stimulation. These iTregs exhibited a similar expression profile of Treg signature molecules and T helper effector cytokines to nTregs, in the absence of TSDR demethylation. CONCLUSION This work establishes a method to generate human iTregs which maintain stable phenotype and function upon in vitro re-stimulation. Further validation in pre-clinical models will be needed to ensure its suitability for applications in adoptive transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juewan Kim
- The Department of Molecular & Biomedical ScienceThe School of Biological SciencesThe Faculty of SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Christopher M Hope
- Department of GastroenterologyWomen’s and Children’s HospitalAdelaideSAAustralia
- Molecular Immunology GroupRobinson Research InstituteSchool of MedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Griffith B Perkins
- The Department of Molecular & Biomedical ScienceThe School of Biological SciencesThe Faculty of SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Sebastian O Stead
- Discipline of MedicineSchool of MedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
- College of Medicine and Public HealthDiscipline of MedicineFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSAAustralia
| | - Jacqueline C Scaffidi
- Discipline of MedicineSchool of MedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Francis D Kette
- Discipline of MedicineSchool of MedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
- College of Medicine and Public HealthDiscipline of MedicineFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSAAustralia
| | - Robert P Carroll
- Discipline of MedicineSchool of MedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service (CNARTS)The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSAAustralia
- Division of Medical SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Department of GastroenterologyWomen’s and Children’s HospitalAdelaideSAAustralia
- Molecular Immunology GroupRobinson Research InstituteSchool of MedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Patrick Toby Coates
- Discipline of MedicineSchool of MedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service (CNARTS)The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSAAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kloc M, Ghobrial RM, Kuchar E, Lewicki S, Kubiak JZ. Development of child immunity in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Immunol 2020; 217:108510. [PMID: 32544611 PMCID: PMC7293525 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Children, because of having an immature immune system, are usually more prone than the adults to the microbial infections and have more severe symptoms, which is especially true for the newborns, and very young children. However, the review of clinical data from the current COVID-19 pandemic indicates otherwise. We discuss here what are the main features and components of children's immune system, the role of maternal transmission of immunity, and what are the possible explanations for the seemingly lower infection rate and severity of COVI-19 in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; The Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Rafik M Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; The Houston Methodist Hospital, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ernest Kuchar
- Department of Pediatrics with Clinical Assessment Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland; UnivRennes, UMR 6290, CNRS, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Cell Cycle Group, Faculty of Medicine, Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Characterization of CD4-Positive Lymphocytes in the Antiviral Response of Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys oliveceus) to Nervous Necrosis Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114180. [PMID: 32545330 PMCID: PMC7312829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of CD4 T lymphocytes has been described for several teleost species, while many of the main T cell subsets have not been characterized at a cellular level, because of a lack of suitable tools for their identification, e.g., monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cell markers. We previously described the tissue distribution and immune response related to CD3ε and CD4-1 T cells in olive flounder (Paralichthys oliveceus) in response to a viral infection. In the present study, we successfully produce an mAb against CD4-2 T lymphocytes from olive flounder and confirmed its specificity using immuno-blotting, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Using these mAbs, we were able to demonstrate that the CD3ε T cell populations contain both types of CD4+ cells, with the majority of the CD4 T cell subpopulations being CD4-1+/CD4-2+ cells, determined using two-color flow cytometry analysis. We also examined the functional activity of the CD4-1 and CD4-2 cells in vivo in response to a viral infection, with the numbers of both types of CD4 T cells increasing significantly during the virus infection. Collectively, these findings suggest that the CD4 T lymphocytes in olive flounder are equivalent to the helper T cells in mammals in terms of their properties and function, and it is the CD4-2 T lymphocytes rather than the CD4-1 T cells that play an important role in the Th1 immune response against viral infections in olive flounder.
Collapse
|
15
|
Qorbani A, Gao G, Dwyre DM. Polyclonal CD5+/CD19+ B1a lymphocytes after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a potential diagnostic pitfall. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2020; 10:e2020147. [PMID: 33344271 PMCID: PMC7703255 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2020.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In adults, B-lymphocytes comprise approximately 10% of circulating lymphocytes. The majority of peripheral B cells are B2 cells (“Mature” B-cells), which function as part of the humoral adaptive immune system. B1 cells (“Innate-like” B cells) are another sub-class of B lymphocytes, considered as innate immune cells with a characteristic phenotype (CD20+, CD27+, CD43+, CD70-, CD11b+, sIgM++, sIgD+) which can be divided into two subtypes; B1a (CD5+): spontaneously produce broadly reactive natural IgM, and B1b (CD5-): can generate T-cell independent, long-lasting IgM. There is very limited data available, indicating a correlation between allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and an increase in B1a cells. Here we present a case of a 17-year-old female with homozygous sickle cell disease (HbSS disease) who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Approximately seven months post-transplant, she was found to have 16% immature mononuclear cells on complete blood count (CBC)-differential report. A follow-up peripheral blood flow cytometry showed that these cells were polyclonal CD5+/CD20+ B-cells, and comprised 66% of lymphocytes. Further workup and follow up failed to reveal any lymphoproliferative disorders. It is important not to misdiagnose these cells as an atypical CD5+ lymphoproliferative disorder. The presence of B1a cells has not been widely reported in non-neoplastic post-stem cell transplanted patients. This case also adds to and expands our knowledge regarding the presence of increased circulating B1a cells after stem cell transplant in a patient with no history of hematological malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Qorbani
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), UCSF Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guofeng Gao
- University of California, Davis (UC Davis), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Denis M Dwyre
- University of California, Davis (UC Davis), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Achey MA, Nag UP, Robinson VL, Reed CR, Arepally GM, Levy JH, Tracy ET. The Developing Balance of Thrombosis and Hemorrhage in Pediatric Surgery: Clinical Implications of Age-Related Changes in Hemostasis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2020; 26:1076029620929092. [PMID: 32584601 PMCID: PMC7427005 DOI: 10.1177/1076029620929092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleeding and thrombosis in critically ill infants and children is a vexing clinical problem. Despite the relatively low incidence of bleeding and thrombosis in the overall pediatric population relative to adults, these critically ill children face unique challenges to hemostasis due to extreme physiologic derangements, exposure of blood to foreign surfaces and membranes, and major vascular endothelial injury or disruption. Caring for pediatric patients on extracorporeal support, recovering from solid organ transplant or invasive surgery, and after major trauma is often complicated by major bleeding or clotting events. As our ability to care for the youngest and sickest of these children increases, the gaps in our understanding of the clinical implications of developmental hemostasis have become increasingly important. We review the current understanding of the development and function of the hemostatic system, including the complex and overlapping interactions of coagulation proteins, platelets, fibrinolysis, and immune mediators from the neonatal period through early childhood and to young adulthood. We then examine scenarios in which our ability to effectively measure and treat coagulation derangements in pediatric patients is limited. In these clinical situations, adult therapies are often extrapolated for use in children without taking age-related differences in pediatric hemostasis into account, leaving clinicians confused and impacting patient outcomes. We discuss the limitations of current coagulation testing in pediatric patients before turning to emerging ideas in the measurement and management of pediatric bleeding and thrombosis. Finally, we highlight opportunities for future research which take into account this developing balance of bleeding and thrombosis in our youngest patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Uttara P. Nag
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Gowthami M. Arepally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jerrold H. Levy
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elisabeth T. Tracy
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lerkvaleekul B, Apiwattanakul N, Klinmalai C, Hongeng S, Vilaiyuk S. Age-related changes in lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy Thai children. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23156. [PMID: 31855295 PMCID: PMC7246386 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnicity and environmental factors can influence the percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations. This study aimed to assess the percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations according to age in Thai children. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. The percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations were measured in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood of healthy Thai children aged 1 month-15 years. The participants were stratified into five age groups: (a) cord blood; (b) age < 2 years; (c) age 2-5 years; (d) age 5-10 years; and (e) age 10-15 years. RESULTS Of 182 total samples, 32, 39, 41, 28, and 42 were from cord blood, children aged <2 years, children aged 2-5 years, children aged 5-10 years, and children aged 10-15 years, respectively. The percentages of most lymphocyte subpopulations including CD8 + T cells, CD19 + cells, γδ T cells, double-negative T cells, NK cells, and NK T cells increased significantly with age. Only the CD4+ T-cell percentage decreased in older children. Moderate correlations were observed between age and the percentages of CD4+ T cells, γδ T cells, NK cells, NK T cells, and double-negative T cells. Weak correlations were observed between age and the percentages of CD8+ T cells and CD19+ cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated age-related changes in the percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations in Thai children, which differed from those described in other countries. Therefore, the establishment of age-specific reference values for lymphocyte subsets in each country is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Butsabong Lerkvaleekul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Apiwattanakul
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chompunuch Klinmalai
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soamarat Vilaiyuk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang FF, Yang ZJ, Zhu MJ, Di ZS, Shang HW, Xu JD. Correlation between intestinal flora and gut immune system development. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:1446-1453. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i23.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut contains a complex array of intestinal bacteria, especially in the colon. A large number of studies have proved that the amount of intestinal flora and the development of the intestinal immune system have a certain parallel relationship, which is vital for the regulation for the intestinal function. This article reviews the correlation between the gut microbiota and the development of the intestinal immune system as well as the regulation of intestinal function by intestinal microbiota and immune system, with an aim to provide new clues to the treatment of immune-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ze-Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Min-Jia Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Di
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Wei Shang
- Morphological Experiment Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Human microbiome investigations now provide evidence that changes in the microbiome over time and their interaction with the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems are associated with a wide array of disorders. Human immunological studies typically absent a microbiome consideration in their investigations. An area of recent exploration is the role of the microbiome as a critical partner in the development and function of the human immune system in aging. It is well known that immunologic maturation is influenced by a lifetime of interactions of the host with its companion microbiome. It is generally not well recognized that intestinal microbes play an essential role in the development and expansion of gut mucosal and systemic immune function. Gut microbial communities of elderly people have different composition and behavior compared to healthy younger adults. Comorbidities associated with microbial pathogens and an aberrant immune system tend to increase with aging. This review underscores the impact of the human-microbiome interface on the development and function of the immune system and on immunosenescence. These changes have important implications regarding health and health system utilization in the elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Amsterdam
- a Service Laboratory Medicine, ECMC, Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology and Medicine , Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences , Buffalo , NY
| | - Barbara E Ostrov
- b Pediatric Rheumatology and Rheumatology, Pediatrics and Medicine , Penn State College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yeo KT, Embury P, Anderson T, Mungai P, Malhotra I, King C, Kazura J, Dent A. HIV, Cytomegalovirus, and Malaria Infections during Pregnancy Lead to Inflammation and Shifts in Memory B Cell Subsets in Kenyan Neonates. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1465-1478. [PMID: 30674575 PMCID: PMC6379806 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections during pregnancy can expose the fetus to microbial Ags, leading to inflammation that affects B cell development. Prenatal fetal immune priming may have an important role in infant acquisition of pathogen-specific immunity. We examined plasma proinflammatory biomarkers, the proportions of various B cell subsets, and fetal priming to tetanus vaccination in cord blood from human United States and Kenyan neonates. United States neonates had no identified prenatal infectious exposures, whereas Kenyan neonates examined had congenital CMV or mothers with prenatal HIV or Plasmodium falciparum or no identified infectious exposures. Kenyan neonates had higher levels of IP-10, TNF-α, CRP, sCD14, and BAFF than United States neonates. Among the Kenyan groups, neonates with prenatal infections/infectious exposures had higher levels of cord blood IFN-γ, IL-7, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 compared with neonates with no infectious exposures. Kenyan neonates had greater proportions of activated memory B cells (MBC) compared with United States neonates. Among the Kenyan groups, HIV-exposed neonates had greater proportions of atypical MBC compared with the other groups. Although HIV-exposed neonates had altered MBC subset distributions, detection of tetanus-specific MBC from cord blood, indicative of fetal priming with tetanus vaccine given to pregnant women, was comparable in HIV-exposed and non-HIV-exposed neonates. These results indicate that the presence of infections during pregnancy induces fetal immune activation with inflammation and increased activated MBC frequencies in neonates. The immunologic significance and long-term health consequences of these differences warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kee Thai Yeo
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - Paula Embury
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Timothy Anderson
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Peter Mungai
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
| | - Indu Malhotra
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Christopher King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - James Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Arlene Dent
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106;
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vora NL, Parker JS, Mieckowski PA, Smeester L, Fry RC, Boggess KA. RNA-Sequencing of Umbilical Cord Blood to Investigate Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Pilot Study. AJP Rep 2019; 9:e60-e66. [PMID: 30854245 PMCID: PMC6406026 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the transcriptomic gene expression of umbilical cord blood leukocytes using RNA-sequencing from preterm birth (PTB) and term birth (TB). Study Design Eight women with spontaneous PTB (sPTB) and eight women with unlabored TB were enrolled prospectively. The sPTB and TB cohorts were matched for maternal age, race, mode of delivery, and fetal sex. Cord blood RNA was extracted and a globin depletion protocol was applied, then sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 4000. Raw read counts were analyzed with DESeq2 to test for gene expression differences between sPTB and TB. Results 148 genes had significant differential expression ( q < 0.01). Cell cycle/metabolism gene expression was significantly higher and immune/inflammatory signaling gene expression significantly lower in the sPTB cohort compared with term. In African American (AA) infants, 18 genes specific to cell signaling, neutrophil activity, and major histocompatibility complex type 1 had lower expression in preterm compared with term cohort; the opposite pattern was seen in non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Conclusion Compared with term, preterm fetuses have higher cell cycle/metabolism gene expression, suggesting metabolic focus on growth and development. Immune function gene expression in this pilot study is lower in the sPTB group compared with term and differs in AA compared with NHW infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeta L Vora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joel S Parker
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Piotr A Mieckowski
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kim A Boggess
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Daix T, Guérin E, Tavernier E, Marsaud J, Hacan A, Gauthier F, Piccardo A, Vignon P, Feuillard J, François B. Immature Granulocytes: A Risk Factor of Infection after Cardiac Surgery. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 94:887-894. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Daix
- Inserm CIC1435Dupuytren Teaching Hospital Limoges France
- Réanimation PolyvalenteDupuytren Teaching Hospital Limoges France
| | - Estelle Guérin
- Hematology LaboratoryDupuytren Teaching Hospital Limoges France
- Medicine University UMR CNRS 7276 Limoges France
| | - Elsa Tavernier
- Inserm CIC1415, Tours Teaching HospitalFrançois Rabelais University Tours France
| | | | - Adélaïde Hacan
- Hematology LaboratoryDupuytren Teaching Hospital Limoges France
| | | | - Alessandro Piccardo
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery UnitDupuytren Teaching Hospital Limoges France
| | - Philippe Vignon
- Inserm CIC1435Dupuytren Teaching Hospital Limoges France
- Réanimation PolyvalenteDupuytren Teaching Hospital Limoges France
- UMR 1092Medicine University Limoges France
| | - Jean Feuillard
- Hematology LaboratoryDupuytren Teaching Hospital Limoges France
- Medicine University UMR CNRS 7276 Limoges France
| | - Bruno François
- Inserm CIC1435Dupuytren Teaching Hospital Limoges France
- Réanimation PolyvalenteDupuytren Teaching Hospital Limoges France
- UMR 1092Medicine University Limoges France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pont J, Souvignet A, Campos L, Plesa A, Bulabois B, Pernollet M, Raskovalova T, Dumestre-Perard C, Cesbron JY, Jacob MC. Accurate quantification of fourteen normal bone marrow cell subsets in infants to the elderly by flow cytometry. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 94:627-636. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pont
- Department of Immunology; Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital (CHUGA); Grenoble F-38700 France
| | - Alice Souvignet
- Department of Hematology; Annecy Genevois Hospital; Metz -Tessy, F-74370 France
| | - Lydia Campos
- Department of Hematology; HU Saint-Etienne University Hospital; Saint Priest en Jarez F-42270 France
| | - Adriana Plesa
- Department of Hematology; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Pierre-Bénite F-69495 France
| | - Bénédicte Bulabois
- Department of Hematology; Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital (CHUGA) Grenoble; F-38700 France
| | - Martine Pernollet
- Department of Immunology; Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital (CHUGA); Grenoble F-38700 France
| | - Tatiana Raskovalova
- Department of Immunology; Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital (CHUGA); Grenoble F-38700 France
| | - Chantal Dumestre-Perard
- Department of Immunology; Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital (CHUGA); Grenoble F-38700 France
- INSERM U823; CRI/ Institut Albert Bonniot; La Tronche F-38700 France
| | - Jean-Yves Cesbron
- Department of Immunology; Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital (CHUGA); Grenoble F-38700 France
| | - Marie-Christine Jacob
- Department of Immunology; Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital (CHUGA); Grenoble F-38700 France
- INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences; Grenoble France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sanchez LA, Maggadottir SM, Pantell MS, Lugar P, Rundles CC, Sullivan KE. Two Sides of the Same Coin: Pediatric-Onset and Adult-Onset Common Variable Immune Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2017; 37:592-602. [PMID: 28755066 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a complex, heterogeneous immunodeficiency characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections, and poor antibody response to vaccination. While antibiotics and immunoglobulin prophylaxis have significantly reduced infectious complications, non-infectious complications of autoimmunity, inflammatory lung disease, enteropathy, and malignancy remain of great concern. Previous studies have suggested that CVID patients diagnosed in childhood are more severely affected by these complications than adults diagnosed later in life. We sought to discern whether the rates of various infectious and non-infectious conditions differed between pediatric-diagnosed (ages 17 or younger) versus adult-diagnosed CVID (ages 18 or older). METHODS Using the United States Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET) database, we performed a retrospective analysis of 457 children and adults with CVID, stratified by age at diagnosis. Chi-squared testing was used to compare pediatric versus adult groups. RESULTS After correcting for multiple comparisons, we identified few statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.0004) between pediatric and adult groups. Pediatric-onset CVID patients had more frequent diagnoses of otitis media, developmental delay, and failure to thrive compared with adult-onset CVID patients. Adult CVID patients were more frequently diagnosed with bronchitis, arthritis, depression, and fatigue. Diagnoses of autoimmunity, lymphoma, and other malignancies were higher in adults but not to a significant degree. Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and lymphocyte subsets did not differ significantly between the two groups. When complications of infections and co-morbid conditions were viewed categorically, there were few differences between pediatric-onset and adult-onset CVID patients. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that pediatric CVID is not a distinct phenotype. Major features were comparable across the groups. This study underscores the need for continued longitudinal study of pediatric and early-onset CVID patients to further characterize accrual of features over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Sanchez
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, ARC 1216, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Solrun Melkorka Maggadottir
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, ARC 1216, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew S Pantell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Patricia Lugar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Charlotte Cunningham Rundles
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, ARC 1216, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jung JW, Lee JS, Kim YR, Im SP, Kim SW, Lazarte JMS, Kim J, Thompson KD, Suh JP, Jung TS. Development of a monoclonal antibody against the CD3ε of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and its application in evaluating immune response related to CD3ε. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 65:179-185. [PMID: 28433716 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) is the binding site of antigen and is responsible for specifically activating the adaptive immune response. CD3, an essential component of the CD3-TCR complex, is known to be composed of γδ and ε chains in teleost. However, there are few monoclonal antibodies (mAb) available to identify these molecules on T cells, so we aimed to produce a mAb against CD3ε to improve our understanding of T cell immune response in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). CD3ε recombinant protein was expressed in yeast, the expression of which was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and Western blot analysis. A CD3ε-specific mAb 4B2 was selected, the specificity of which was examined by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and RT-PCR, and the mAb was subsequently used to examine the CD3ε lymphocyte population in several different immune organs, with relatively high percentages of these cells seen in trunk-kidney and spleen, while lower percentages were seen in the liver and peripheral blood of olive flounder. During a viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection in olive flounder, the number of CD3ε lymphocytes was seen to gradually increase in the liver, spleen and trunk-kidney of infected fish until 7 days post infection (dpi). In peripheral blood, on the other hand, the increase in CD3ε lymphocyte numbers peaked by 3 dpi. These results suggest that CD3ε lymphocytes might be involved in the immune response against VHSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Wook Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Young Rim Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Se Pyeong Im
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Si Won Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jassy Mary S Lazarte
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Jong Pyo Suh
- Haeyon Fish Farm Research Center, Jeju, 695-976, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kosalaraksa P, Boettiger DC, Bunupuradah T, Hansudewechakul R, Saramony S, Do VC, Sudjaritruk T, Yusoff NKN, Razali KAM, Nguyen LV, Nallusamy R, Fong SM, Kurniati N, Truong KH, Sohn AH, Chokephaibulkit K. Low Risk of CD4 Decline After Immune Recovery in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children With Viral Suppression. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2017; 6:173-177. [PMID: 27295973 PMCID: PMC6251660 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Regular CD4 count testing is often used to monitor antiretroviral therapy efficacy. However, this practice may be redundant in children with a suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load. METHODS Study end points were as follows: (1) a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 followed by a CD4 count ≥200 cells/mm3 (transient CD4 <200); (2) CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 confirmed within 6 months (confirmed CD4 <200); and (3) a new or recurrent World Health Organization (WHO) stage 3 or 4 illness (clinical failure). Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were used to evaluate rates and predictors of transient CD4 <200, confirmed CD4 <200, and clinical failure among virally suppressed children aged 5-15 years who were enrolled in the TREAT Asia Pediatric HIV Observational Database. RESULTS Data from 967 children were included in the analysis. At the time of confirmed viral suppression, median age was 10.2 years, 50.4% of children were female, and 95.4% were perinatally infected with HIV. Median CD4 cell count was 837 cells/mm3, and 54.8% of children were classified as having WHO stage 3 or 4 disease. In total, 18 transient CD4 <200 events, 2 confirmed CD4 <200 events, and10 clinical failures occurred at rates of 0.73 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.46-1.16), 0.08 (95% CI, 0.02-0.32), and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.22-0.75) events per 100 patient-years, respectively. CD4 <500 cells/mm3 at the time of viral suppression confirmation was associated with higher rates of both CD4 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Regular CD4 testing may be unnecessary for virally suppressed children aged 5-15 years with CD4 ≥500 cells/mm3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pope Kosalaraksa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand;
| | | | - Torsak Bunupuradah
- HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, and
| | | | | | - Viet C. Do
- Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;
| | - Tavitiya Sudjaritruk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University and Research Institute for Health Sciences, Thailand;
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nia Kurniati
- Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia;
| | | | | | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sorrenti V, Marenda B, Fortinguerra S, Cecchetto C, Quartesan R, Zorzi G, Zusso M, Giusti P, Buriani A. Reference Values for a Panel of Cytokinergic and Regulatory Lymphocyte Subpopulations. Immune Netw 2016; 16:344-357. [PMID: 28035210 PMCID: PMC5195844 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.6.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte subpopulations producing cytokines and exerting regulatory functions represent key immune elements. Given their reciprocal interdependency lymphocyte subpopulations are usually assayed as diagnostic panels, rather than single biomarkers for specialist clinical use. This retrospective analysis on lymphocyte subpopulations, analyzed over the last few years in an outpatient laboratory in Northeast Italy, contributes to the establishment of reference values for several regulatory lymphocytes currently lacking such reference ranges for the general population. Mean values and ranges in a sample of Caucasian patients (mean age 42±8,5 years), were provided for Th1, Th2, Th17, Th-reg, Tc-reg, Tc-CD57+ and B1 lymphocytes. The results are consistent with what is found in literature for the single subtypes and are: Th1 157.8±60.3/µl (7.3%±2.9); Th2 118.2±52.2/µl (5.4%±2.5); Th17 221.6±90.2/µl (10.5%±4.4); Th-reg 15.1±10.2/µl (0.7%±0.4); Tc-reg 5.8±4.7/µl (0.3%±0.2); Tc-CD57+ 103.7±114.1/µl (4.6%±4.7); B1 33.7±22.8/µl (1.5%±0.9); (Values are mean±SD). The results show that despite their variability, mean values are rather consistent in all age or sex groups and can be used as laboratory internal reference for this regulatory panel. Adding regulatory cells to lymphocyte subpopulations panels allows a more complete view of the state of the subject's immune network balance, thus improving the personalization and the "actionability" of diagnostic data in a systems medicine perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Bruno Marenda
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Stefano Fortinguerra
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Claudia Cecchetto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Roberta Quartesan
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Giulia Zorzi
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Morena Zusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Claus M, Dychus N, Ebel M, Damaschke J, Maydych V, Wolf OT, Kleinsorge T, Watzl C. Measuring the immune system: a comprehensive approach for the analysis of immune functions in humans. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2481-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
29
|
Ames PRJ, Tommasino C, Fossati G, Matsuura E, Margarita A, Saulino A, Lopez L, Scenna G, Brancaccio V. Lymphocyte subpopulations and intima media thickness in primary antiphospholipd syndrome. Lupus 2016; 14:809-13. [PMID: 16302675 DOI: 10.1191/0961203305lu2181oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible association between lymphocyte subsets and intima media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS). We used a cross-sectional study on PAPS patients ( n = 18) and healthy controls ( n = 16). IgG anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL), IgG anti-β2glycoprotein-I (anti-β2GPI), IgG anti-β2glycoprotein-I complexed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and to a specific oxidized moiety of LDL (oxLig1), and β2GPI-oxLDL were measured by ELISA. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping was performed using pairs of monoclonal antibodies directly labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate, or phycoerythrin or phycoerythrin-Texas-red-X. Intima media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries was determined by high-resolution sonography. Total peripheral blood lymphocytes did not differ between PAPS and controls. Memory CD4+/CD45RO + T cells were lower in PAPS than controls ( P = 0.0007) as well as CD16+56+ natural killer cells ( P = 0.02). In PAPS memory T CD45RO + cells positively correlated with IgG anti-β2GPI-oxLig1 ( P = 0.002) and to IMT of carotid arteries (common carotid P = 0.02, bifurcation P = 0.007). Naïve CD4+/CD45RA+ T cells inversely correlated with β2GPI-oxLDL ( P = 0.009). The relation between IgG anti-β2GPI-oxLig1 and IMT of carotid arteries with memory CD45RO + T lymphocytes suggests a role for the latter in PAPS related atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R J Ames
- Academic Department of Rheumatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Du Preez A, Leveson J, Zunszain PA, Pariante CM. Inflammatory insults and mental health consequences: does timing matter when it comes to depression? Psychol Med 2016; 46:2041-2057. [PMID: 27181594 PMCID: PMC4937234 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has become widely accepted that the immune system, and specifically increased levels of inflammation, play a role in the development of depression. However, not everyone with increased inflammation develops depression, and as with all other diseases, there are risk factors that may contribute to an increased vulnerability in certain individuals. One such risk factor could be the timing of an inflammatory exposure. Here, using a combination of PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid Medline and PsycINFO, we systematically reviewed whether exposure to medically related inflammation in utero, in childhood, and in adolescence, increases the risk for depression in adulthood. Moreover, we tried to determine whether there was sufficient evidence to identify a particular time point during the developmental trajectory in which an immune insult could be more damaging. While animal research shows that early life exposure to inflammation increases susceptibility to anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour, human studies surprisingly find little evidence to support the notion that medically related inflammation in utero and in adolescence contributes to an increased risk of developing depression in later life. However, we did find an association between childhood inflammation and later life depression, with most studies reporting a significantly increased risk of depression in adults who were exposed to inflammation as children. More robust clinical research, measuring direct markers of inflammation throughout the life course, is greatly needed to expand on, and definitively address, the important research questions raised in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Du Preez
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Stress, Psychiatry and
Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
& Neuroscience, King's College London,
London, UK
| | - J. Leveson
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Stress, Psychiatry and
Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
& Neuroscience, King's College London,
London, UK
| | - P. A. Zunszain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Stress, Psychiatry and
Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
& Neuroscience, King's College London,
London, UK
| | - C. M. Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Stress, Psychiatry and
Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology
& Neuroscience, King's College London,
London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Strömbeck A, Lundell AC, Nordström I, Andersson K, Adlerberth I, Wold AE, Rudin A. Delayed adaptive immunity is related to higher MMR vaccine-induced antibody titers in children. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e75. [PMID: 27195118 PMCID: PMC4855269 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are notable inter-individual variations in vaccine-specific antibody responses in vaccinated children. The aim of our study was to investigate whether early-life environmental factors and adaptive immune maturation prior and close to measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) immunization relate to magnitudes of vaccine-specific antibody titers. In the FARMFLORA birth cohort, including both farming and non-farming families, children were immunized with the MMR vaccine at 18 months of age. MMR vaccine-induced antibody titers were measured in plasma samples obtained at 36 months of age. Infants' blood samples obtained at birth, 3–5 days and at 4 and 18 months of age were analyzed for T- and B-cell numbers, proportions of naive and memory T and B cells, and fractions of putative regulatory T cells. Multivariate factor analyses show that higher anti-MMR antibody titers were associated with a lower degree of adaptive immune maturation, that is, lower proportions of memory T cells and a lower capacity of mononuclear cells to produce cytokines, but with higher proportions of putative regulatory T cells. Further, children born by cesarean section (CS) had significantly higher anti-measles titers than vaginally-born children; and CS was found to be associated with delayed adaptive immunity. Also, girls presented with significantly higher anti-mumps and anti-rubella antibody levels than boys at 36 months of age. These results indicate that delayed adaptive immune maturation before and in close proximity to immunization seems to be advantageous for the ability of children to respond with higher anti-MMR antibody levels after vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Strömbeck
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Lundell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Nordström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Adlerberth
- Department of Infectious Diseases at the Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes E Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases at the Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Rudin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at the Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Strömbeck A, Lundell AC, Nordström I, Andersson K, Adlerberth I, Wold AE, Rudin A. Earlier infantile immune maturation is related to higher DTP vaccine responses in children. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e65. [PMID: 27217956 PMCID: PMC4815027 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are large inter-individual variations in vaccine-specific antibody responses in children. We sought to investigate whether early-life environmental factors and/or adaptive immune maturation were related to diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis (DTP) vaccine-specific antibody levels at 18 months of age. In the prospective FARMFLORA birth-cohort, including both farming and non-farming families, children were immunized with DTP vaccine at 3, 5 and 12 months of age. DTP vaccine-induced antibody levels were measured in plasma at 18 months of age. Infants' blood samples obtained at birth, 3–5 days, 4, 18 and 36 months and at 8 years of age were analyzed for total CD4+ T- and B-cell counts, proportions of naïve and memory T and B cells, and fractions of putative regulatory T cells by flow cytometry. Multivariate factor analysis was used to examine associations between immune variables and vaccine responses. The most apparent multivariate pattern was that higher anti-DTP antibody titers at 18 months of age were associated with lower infantile total counts of T and B cells in the blood. Furthermore, lower infantile total T- and B-cell blood counts were associated with higher proportions of circulating CD45RO+ memory T cells and to lower proportions of α4β7+ naïve T cells later in childhood. The multivariate findings were corroborated in univariate correlation analyses. Sex, delivery mode and dairy farm exposure were unrelated to the magnitude of DTP-specific antibody responses. Our results thus suggest that children with a more mature/activated infantile adaptive immunity respond with higher vaccine-induced anti-DTP antibody levels at 18 months of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Strömbeck
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Lundell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inger Nordström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Adlerberth
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes E Wold
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Rudin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Immune cell subsets at birth may help to predict risk of late-onset sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 2016; 93:9-16. [PMID: 26704574 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parameters predicting late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants would be valuable. Ten-color flow-cytometry enables the estimation of cellular immune status requiring only small sample volumes. AIMS Identifying predictive parameters for LOS and NEC in the cellular immune status of preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS In this prospective study in 40 preterm infants (week 26+0 to 30+6) and 10 healthy full-term newborn infants (control group, week 37+0 to 40+6), flow cytometric analyses of lymphocyte subpopulations were performed between the 2nd and the 6th day of life, with a follow-up until the preterm infant reached the calculated gestational age of week 40. Patients' episodes of infections and NEC were analyzed according to the NEO-KISS criteria of the German National Reference Center. RESULTS Ten preterm infants showed events within the first week of life and were excluded from the analysis. Of the other 30, five developed NEC, twelve LOS. In patients with LOS, the proportion of double-negative (DN) T cells was significantly elevated compared to patients without LOS, while immune-regulatory CD56bright and CD56negCD16+ NK cells were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Patients with NEC showed a reduction in the NK cell proportion (<3.7%) and significantly decreased naïve cytotoxic CD45RA+CD62L+ T cells (p<0.05). CONCLUSION NK cells and DN-T cell counts within the first week of life may be predictors for NEC and LOS in preterm infants. In order to identify patients at risk early, further analysis of these populations might be of interest.
Collapse
|
34
|
Simon AK, Hollander GA, McMichael A. Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20143085. [PMID: 26702035 PMCID: PMC4707740 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 865] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the development of the immune response through neonatal, infant and adult life, including pregnancy, ending with the decline in old age. A picture emerges of a child born with an immature, innate and adaptive immune system, which matures and acquires memory as he or she grows. It then goes into decline in old age. These changes are considered alongside the risks of different types of infection, autoimmune disease and malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Katharina Simon
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Georg A Hollander
- Department of Paediatrics, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Andrew McMichael
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Balany J, Bhandari V. Understanding the Impact of Infection, Inflammation, and Their Persistence in the Pathogenesis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:90. [PMID: 26734611 PMCID: PMC4685088 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concerted interaction of genetic and environmental factors acts on the preterm human immature lung with inflammation being the common denominator leading to the multifactorial origin of the most common chronic lung disease in infants – bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Adverse perinatal exposure to infection/inflammation with added insults like invasive mecha nical ventilation, exposure to hyperoxia, and sepsis causes persistent immune dysregulation. In this review article, we have attempted to analyze and consolidate current knowledge about the role played by persistent prenatal and postnatal inflammation in the pathogenesis of BPD. While some parameters of the early inflammatory response (neutrophils, cytokines, etc.) may not be detectable after days to weeks of exposure to noxious stimuli, they have already initiated the signaling pathways of the inflammatory process/immune cascade and have affected permanent defects structurally and functionally in the BPD lungs. Hence, translational research aimed at prevention/amelioration of BPD needs to focus on dampening the inflammatory response at an early stage to prevent the cascade of events leading to lung injury with impaired healing resulting in the pathologic pulmonary phenotype of alveolar simplification and dysregulated vascularization characteristic of BPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jherna Balany
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND In some countries, HIV surveillance is based on case-reporting of newly diagnosed infections. We present a new back-projection method for estimating HIV-incidence trends using individuals' CD4 cell counts at diagnosis. METHODS On the basis of a review of CD4 cell count distributions among HIV-uninfected people, CD4 cell count following primary infection, and rates of CD4 cell count decline over time among people with HIV, we simulate the expected distribution in time between infection and diagnosis. Applying this to all diagnosed individuals provides a distribution of likely infection times and estimates for population incidence, level of undiagnosed HIV, and the average time from infection to diagnosis each year. We applied this method to the national HIV case surveillance data of Australia for 1983-2013. RESULTS The estimated number of new HIV infections in Australia in 2013 was 912 (95% uncertainty bound 835-1002). We estimate that 2280 (95% uncertainty bound 1900-2830) people were living with undiagnosed HIV at the end of 2013, corresponding to approximately 9.4% (95% uncertainty bound 7.8-10.1%) of all people living with HIV. With increases in the average CD4 count at diagnosis, the inferred HIV testing rate has been increasing over time and the estimated mean and median times between infection and diagnosis have decreased substantially. However, the estimated mean time between infection and diagnosis is considerably greater than the median, indicating that some people remain undiagnosed for long periods. Differences were found between cases attributable to male homosexual exposure versus other cases. CONCLUSION This methodology provides a novel way of estimating population incidence by combining diagnosis dates and CD4 cell counts at diagnosis.
Collapse
|
37
|
Pike KC, Lucas JSA. Respiratory consequences of late preterm birth. Paediatr Respir Rev 2015; 16:182-8. [PMID: 25554628 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In developed countries most preterm births occur between 34 and 37 weeks' gestation. Deliveries during this 'late preterm' period are increasing and, since even mild prematurity is now recognised to be associated with adverse health outcomes, this presents healthcare challenges. Respiratory problems associated with late preterm birth include neonatal respiratory distress, severe RSV infection and childhood wheezing. Late preterm birth prematurely interrupts in utero lung development and is associated with maternal and early life factors which adversely affect the developing respiratory system. This review considers 1) mechanisms underlying the association between late preterm birth and impaired respiratory development, 2) respiratory morbidity associated with late preterm birth, particularly long-term outcomes, and 3) interventions which might protect respiratory development by addressing risk factors affecting the late preterm population, including maternal smoking, early life growth restriction and vulnerability to viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine C Pike
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; University College London, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Jane S A Lucas
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Bright PD, Rooney N, Virgo PF, Lock RJ, Johnston SL, Unsworth DJ. Laboratory clues to immunodeficiency; missed chances for early diagnosis? J Clin Pathol 2014; 68:1-5. [PMID: 25352642 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency is seen in an estimated one in 1200 people, and secondary immunodeficiency is increasingly common, particularly with the use of immunosuppresion, cancer therapies and the newer biological therapies such as rituximab. Delays in the diagnosis of immunodeficiency predictably lead to preventable organ damage. Examples of abnormal pathology tests that suggest immunodeficiency from all laboratory specialities are given, where vigilant interpretation of abnormal results may prompt earlier diagnosis. If immunodeficiency is suspected, suggested directed testing could include measuring immunoglobulins, a lymphocyte count and T-cell and B-cell subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P D Bright
- Department of Immunology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - N Rooney
- Department of Cellular Pathology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - P F Virgo
- Department of Immunology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - R J Lock
- Department of Immunology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - S L Johnston
- Department of Immunology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - D J Unsworth
- Department of Immunology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Almost 7 million children under the age 5 die each year, and most of these deaths are attributable to vaccine-preventable infections. Young infants respond poorly to infections and vaccines. In particular, dendritic cells secrete less IL-12 and IL-18, CD8pos T cells and NK cells have defective cytolysis and cytokine production, and CD4pos T cell responses tend to bias towards a Th2 phenotype and promotion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The basis for these differences is not well understood and may be in part explained by epigenetic differences, as well as immaturity of the infant's immune system. Here we present a third possibility, which involves active suppression by immune regulatory cells and place in context the immune suppressive pathways of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), CD5pos B cells, and Tregs. The immune pathways that these immune regulatory cells inhibit are similar to those that are defective in the infant. Therefore, the immune deficiencies seen in infants could be explained, in part, by active suppressive cells, indicating potential new avenues for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Gervassi
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute and the University of Washington Departments of, Seattle WA
| | - Helen Horton
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute and the University of Washington Departments of, Seattle WA ; Medicine, Seattle WA ; Global Health, Seattle WA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Imanishi N, Andoh T, Sakai S, Satoh M, Katada Y, Ueda K, Terasawa K, Ochiai H. Induction of Inducible Nitric Oxide (NO) Synthase mRNA and NO Production in Macrophages Infected with Influenza A/PR/8 Virus and Stimulated with Its Ether-Split Product. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 49:41-8. [PMID: 15665452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the inductive activity of infective influenza A/PR/8/34 (PR8) virus and its ether-split product (ESP) on the expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) and NO production in RAW264.7 (RAW) cells, a murine macrophage (M psi) cell line, and thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal M psi (TPM). In both cells, PR8 virus infection induced iNOS mRNA between 4 hr and 24 hr, attaining a peak value at 12 hr. In correlation with induction of iNOS mRNA, NO amounts increased significantly from 12 to 24 hr. Moreover, this study demonstrated that ESP with the same hemagglutination titer as PR8 virus could induce iNOS mRNA and NO production, although the inductive activity of ESP was weaker than that of PR8 virus. Considering the dual role (beneficial and detrimental roles) of NO on certain inflammatory disorders and virus infections, the inductive activity of influenza virus on the iNOS-mediated NO production independent of its infectivity might contribute to a modification of influenza virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Imanishi
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Immunological demyelination triggers macrophage/microglial cells activation without inducing astrogliosis. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:812456. [PMID: 24319469 PMCID: PMC3844255 DOI: 10.1155/2013/812456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes and axon growth inhibitors associated with myelin play important roles in the failure of axonal regeneration following central nervous system (CNS) injury. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that immunological demyelination of the CNS facilitates regeneration of severed axons following spinal cord injury. In the present study, we evaluate whether immunological demyelination is accompanied with astrogliosis. We compared the astrogliosis and macrophage/microglial cell responses 7 days after either immunological demyelination or a stab injury to the dorsal funiculus. Both lesions induced a strong activated macrophage/microglial cells response which was significantly higher within regions of immunological demyelination. However, immunological demyelination regions were not accompanied by astrogliosis compared to stab injury that induced astrogliosis which extended several millimeters above and below the lesions, evidenced by astroglial hypertrophy, formation of a glial scar, and upregulation of intermediate filaments glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Moreover, a stab or a hemisection lesion directly within immunological demyelination regions did not induced astrogliosis within the immunological demyelination region. These results suggest that immunological demyelination creates a unique environment in which astrocytes do not form a glial scar and provides a unique model to understand the putative interaction between astrocytes and activated macrophage/microglial cells.
Collapse
|
43
|
Immunocompetent cell level as a diagnostic reference for pulpal pathosis of primary teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1517-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
44
|
Veneri D, Franchini M, Vella A, Tridente G, Semenzato G, Pizzolo G, Ortolani R. Changes of human B and B-1a peripheral blood lymphocytes with age. Hematology 2013; 12:337-41. [PMID: 17654062 DOI: 10.1080/10245330701255270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2057 consecutive subjects admitted to the Department of Pathology, Section of Immunology of the Verona University Hospital, CD19+ and CD5/CD19 double positive cells were determined to assess the behaviour of total peripheral B-lymphocytes and B-1a (CD5+) compartments in humans during aging. We show that the absolute number of total B lymphocytes increases about three-fold from the baseline conditions in the first year of life and progressively decreases until adult age. A slower decrease was detected from the adult age onwards. A similar behaviour has been observed within the B-1a subset of B-lymphocytes, although the decrease after the adult age seems more pronounced. Possible physiological explanations and/or implications for the disease states are taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dino Veneri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Melville JM, Moss TJM. The immune consequences of preterm birth. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:79. [PMID: 23734091 PMCID: PMC3659282 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth occurs in 11% of live births globally and accounts for 35% of all newborn deaths. Preterm newborns have immature immune systems, with reduced innate and adaptive immunity; their immune systems may be further compromised by various factors associated with preterm birth. The immune systems of preterm infants have a smaller pool of monocytes and neutrophils, impaired ability of these cells to kill pathogens, and lower production of cytokines which limits T cell activation and reduces the ability to fight bacteria and detect viruses in cells, compared to term infants. Intrauterine inflammation is a major contributor to preterm birth, and causes premature immune activation and cytokine production. This can induce immune tolerance leading to reduced newborn immune function. Intrauterine inflammation is associated with an increased risk of early-onset sepsis and likely has long-term adverse immune consequences. Requisite medical interventions further impact on immune development and function. Antenatal corticosteroid treatment to prevent newborn respiratory disease is routine but may be immunosuppressive, and has been associated with febrile responses, reductions in lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, and increased risk of infection. Invasive medical procedures result in an increased risk of late-onset sepsis. Respiratory support can cause chronic inflammatory lung disease associated with increased risk of long-term morbidity. Colonization of the infant by microorganisms at birth is a significant contributor to the establishment of the microbiome. Caesarean section affects infant colonization, potentially contributing to lifelong immune function and well-being. Several factors associated with preterm birth alter immune function. A better understanding of perinatal modification of the preterm immune system will allow for the refinement of care to minimize lifelong adverse immune consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Melville
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy J. M. Moss
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Piątkiewicz P, Miłek T, Bernat-Karpińska M, Ohams M, Czech A, Ciostek P. The dysfunction of NK cells in patients with type 2 diabetes and colon cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 61:245-53. [PMID: 23456207 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-013-0222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism disorders influence anticarcinogenic function of natural killer (NK) cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number and cytotoxic activity of NK cells in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients with negative family history of cancer, type 2 diabetic subjects with newly diagnosed untreated colon cancer (T2DCC) and patients without type 2 diabetes with newly diagnosed, untreated colon cancer (CC). Incubation tests were performed in 18 T2D patients, treated with diet and oral antidiabetic agents, 16 T2DCC; cT1-4N0M0 (c-clinical diagnosis based on computed tomography, colonoscopy and histopathology) treated with diet and oral antidiabetic agents and 16 normoglycemic CC; cT1-4N0M0. Control group included 18 metabolically healthy (with normal fasting glucose and normal glucose tolerance) subjects (HS) with negative family history of cancer, matched by age, BMI and waist circumference. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by means of gradient centrifugation. The K562 human erythroleukemia cell line served as the standard target for human NK cytotoxicity assay. The T2D revealed an increased number of NK cells (13.56 ± 5.9 vs 9.50 ± 4.8 %; p < 0.05) when compared with HS, yet these cells had a decreased activity (3.3 ± 2.5 vs 9.4 ± 3.6 %; p < 0.01). The CC demonstrated a decreased activity (2.9 ± 1.8 %; p < 0.01) but a similar number (8.82 ± 3.7 %; not significant) of NK cells when compared to HS. The T2DCC NK cells were characterized by trace cytotoxic activity (1.1 ± 0.7 %; p < 0.01) and nearly three times greater amount (21.24 ± 7.5 %; p < 0.01) when compared to T2D. Type 2 diabetes and CC are associated with disadvantageous alterations of NK cells, leading to impairment in their cytotoxic activity. The impaired activity of NK cells in T2D can be involved in the increased carcinogenic risk and can promote a higher incidence of CC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Piątkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases and Diabetology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kim HO, Oh HJ, Lee JW, Jang PS, Chung NG, Cho B, Kim HK. Immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children: a single institution study of 59 patients. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2013; 56:26-31. [PMID: 23390442 PMCID: PMC3564027 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2013.56.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Lymphocyte subset recovery is an important factor that determines the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Temporal differences in the recovery of lymphocyte subsets and the factors influencing this recovery are important variables that affect a patient's post-transplant immune reconstitution, and therefore require investigation. Methods The time taken to achieve lymphocyte subset recovery and the factors influencing this recovery were investigated in 59 children who had undergone HSCT at the Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, and who had an uneventful follow-up period of at least 1 year. Analyses were carried out at 3 and 12 months post-transplant. An additional study was performed 1 month post-transplant to evaluate natural killer (NK) cell recovery. The impact of pre- and post-transplant variables, including diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNAemia posttransplant, on lymphocyte recovery was evaluated. Results The lymphocyte subsets recovered in the following order: NK cells, cytotoxic T cells, B cells, and helper T cells. At 1 month post-transplant, acute graft-versus-host disease was found to contribute significantly to the delay of CD16+/56+ cell recovery. Younger patients showed delayed recovery of both CD3+/CD8+ and CD19+ cells. EBV DNAemia had a deleterious impact on the recovery of both CD3+ and CD3+/CD4+ lymphocytes at 1 year post-transplant. Conclusion In our pediatric allogeneic HSCT cohort, helper T cells were the last subset to recover. Younger age and EBV DNAemia had a negative impact on the post-transplant recovery of T cells and B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun O Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wiegering V, Winkler B, Haubitz I, Wölfl M, Schlegel PG, Eyrich M. Lower TGFß serum levels and higher frequency of IFNγ-producing T cells during early immune reconstitution in surviving children after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:121-8. [PMID: 22623061 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is increasingly used as a salvage therapy for patients with high-risk malignancies as well as life-threatening non-malignant diseases. However, only limited data about the association between outcome and functional parameters of recovering lymphocytes are available so far. PROCEDURES In this prospective study of 19 pediatric SCT recipients, we serially evaluated immune parameters quantitatively and qualitatively before and throughout allogeneic SCT. These data were analyzed with respect to survival. RESULTS Age, gender, GvHD, and type of graft were not different between surviving and non-surviving patients. Notably, in our cohort there was no case of transplant-related or infectious mortality. However, with the exception of two patients with advanced MDS, all patients not in complete remission (CR) relapsed in addition to three patients in higher CR (n = 7). All seven patients relapsing after allogeneic SCT later succumbed to their disease recurrence. Uni- and multivariate analysis showed that relapsing patients had higher TGFß serum levels as well as lower percentages of IFNγ-producing T cells before and early after transplantation. Furthermore, relapsing patients had a further decline in their thymic function between day 60 and 120 whereas non-relapsing patients already showed increasing TREC values during this time interval. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, patients who later relapse show a different pattern of immune reconstitution before and at early time points post-transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wiegering
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Unit, University Children's Hospital, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Few differences in cytokines between patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and their healthy siblings. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:1116-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.07.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
50
|
Lundell AC, Björnsson V, Ljung A, Ceder M, Johansen S, Lindhagen G, Törnhage CJ, Adlerberth I, Wold AE, Rudin A. Infant B cell memory differentiation and early gut bacterial colonization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4315-22. [PMID: 22490441 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Germ-free animal models have demonstrated that commensal bacterial colonization of the intestine induces B cell differentiation and activation. Whether colonization with particular bacterial species or groups is associated with B cell development during early childhood is not known. In a prospective newborn/infant cohort including 65 Swedish children, we examined the numbers and proportions of CD20(+), CD5(+), and CD27(+) B cells in blood samples obtained at several time points during the first 3 y of life using flow cytometry. Fecal samples were collected and cultured quantitatively for major facultative and anaerobic bacteria at 1, 2, 4, and 8 wk of life. We found that the numbers of CD20(+) B cells and CD5(+)CD20(+) B cells reached their highest levels at 4 mo, whereas CD20(+) B cells expressing the memory marker CD27 were most numerous at 18 and 36 mo of age. Using multivariate analysis, we show that early colonization with Escherichia coli and bifidobacteria were associated with higher numbers of CD20(+) B cells that expressed the memory marker CD27 at 4 and 18 mo of age. In contrast, we were unable to demonstrate any relation between bacterial colonization pattern and numbers of CD20(+) or CD5(+)CD20(+) B cells. These results suggest that the intestinal bacterial colonization pattern may affect the B cell maturation also in humans, and that an early gut microbiota including E. coli and bifidobacteria might promote this maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Carin Lundell
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|