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Liu ZH, Xu QY, Wang Y, Gao HX, Min YH, Jiang XW, Yu WH. Catalpol from Rehmannia glutinosa Targets Nrf2/NF-[Formula: see text]B Signaling Pathway to Improve Renal Anemia and Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024:1-35. [PMID: 39075978 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa is widely recognized as a prominent medicinal herb employed by practitioners across various generations for the purpose of fortifying kidney yin. Within Rehmannia glutinosa, the compound known as catalpol (CAT) holds significant importance as a bioactive constituent. However, the protective effects of CAT on kidneys, including ameliorative effects on chronic kidney disease - most prominently renal anemia and renal fibrosis - have not been clearly defined. In this study, the kidney injury model of NRK-52E cells and C57BL/6N male mice was prepared by exposure to aristolochic acid I (AA-I), and it was discovered that CAT could ameliorate oxidative stress injury, inflammatory injury, apoptosis, renal anemia, renal fibrosis, and other renal injuries both in vivo and in vitro. Further treatment of NRK-52E cells with Nrf2 inhibitors (ML385) and activators (ML334), as well as NF-[Formula: see text]B inhibitors (PDTC), validated CAT's ability to target Nrf2 activation. Furthermore, the expression of phosphorylated NF-[Formula: see text]B p65, IL-6, and Cleaved-Caspase3 protein was inhibited. CAT also inhibited NF-[Formula: see text]B, and then inhibited the expression of IL-6, p-STAS3, TGF-[Formula: see text]1 protein. Therefore, CAT can regulate Nrf2/NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway, significantly correct renal anemia and renal fibrosis, and is conducive to the preservation of renal structure and function, thus achieving a protective effect on the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Hong Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wen Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, P. R. China
- Chinese Veterinary Research Institute, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Common Animal Diseases, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, P. R. China
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Liang Y, Qiu S, Zou Y, Leung ELH, Luo L. Ferroptosis-Modulating Natural Products for Targeting Inflammation-Related Diseases: Challenges and Opportunities in Manipulating Redox Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 39001833 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2024.0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Numerous disorders are linked to ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death triggered by lipid peroxidation accumulation rather than apoptosis. Inflammation is the body's defensive response to stimuli and is also caused by inflammatory chemicals that can harm the body. The treatment of inflammatory diseases by focusing on the signaling pathways and mechanisms of ferroptosis has emerged as a new area worthy of extensive research. Recent Advances: Studies in cellular and animal models of inflammatory diseases have shown that ferroptosis markers are activated and lipid peroxidation levels are increased. Natural products (NPs) are gaining importance due to their ability to target ferroptosis pathways, particularly the Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 signaling pathway, thereby suppressing inflammation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Critical Issues: This article provides an overview of ferroptosis, focusing on the signaling pathways and mechanisms connecting it to inflammation. It also explores the potential use of NPs as a treatment for inflammatory diseases and ferroptosis. Future Directions: NPs offer unique advantages, including multicomponent properties, multi-bio-targeting capabilities, and minimal side effects. Further research may facilitate the early clinical application of NPs to develop innovative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Liang
- School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shaojun Qiu
- School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Youwen Zou
- School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Cancer Centre, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- School of Ocean and Tropical Medicine, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Li JH, Ma XY, Yi Y, Li LR, Xu ZY, Chang Y. Association between Serum Ferritin Levels and Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: a Cross-sectional Study Based on the NHANES. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:494-502. [PMID: 38748368 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ferritin, initially acting as an iron-storage protein, was found to be associated with metabolic diseases. Our study was designed to investigate the association between serum ferritin and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the United State of America. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling a total of 2145 participants from the NHANES in the 2017-2018 cycles. Hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis were assessed by ultrasound images and several non-invasive indexes. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the associations between serum ferritin concentration and MAFLD and liver fibrosis. RESULTS The analysis revealed that participants with higher serum ferritin levels (Q3 and Q4 groups) had a higher prevalence of MAFLD than those with the lowest serum ferritin levels [Q3 vs. Q1: OR=2.17 (1.33, 3.53), P<0.05 in fatty liver index (FLI); Q4 vs. Q1: OR=3.13 (1.91, 5.13), P<0.05 in FLI]. Additionally, participants with the highest serum ferritin levels (Q4 group) displayed a higher prevalence of liver fibrosis [Q4 vs. Q1: OR=2.59 (1.19, 5.62), P<0.05 in liver stiffness measurement; OR=5.06 (1.12, 22.94), P<0.05 in fibrosis-4 index], with significantly increased risk observed in participants with concomitant diabetes [OR=7.45 (1.55, 35.72), P=0.012]. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that elevated serum ferritin levels are associated with a higher prevalence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis in patients. Elevated serum ferritin levels combined with diabetes are important risk factors for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xue-Yao Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yun Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lu-Rao Li
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Xu
- Endoscopy Center, The People's Hospital of Yingshan, Huanggang, 438799, China.
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Krepuska M, Mayer B, Vitale-Cross L, Myneni VD, Boyajian MK, Németh K, Szalayova I, Cho T, McClain-Caldwell I, Gingerich AD, Han H, Westerman M, Rada B, Mezey É. Bone marrow stromal cell-derived hepcidin has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3986. [PMID: 38368463 PMCID: PMC10874407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have immunomodulatory activities in numerous species and have been used in clinical trials. BMSCs also make antibacterial agents. Since hepcidin is known to have antimicrobial effects in fish, we wondered if it might also be used as an antimicrobial agent by mammalian BMSCs. In the present study, we show hepcidin expression in both mouse (mBMSC) and human BMSCs (hBMSC). We observed a hBMSC hepcidin-dependent degradation of ferroportin in HEK-293 reporter cells in vitro. In human and mouse bone marrows (BM) we detected hepcidin-positive BMSCs in close proximity to hematopoietic progenitors. The conditioned culture medium of hBMSCs significantly reduced bacterial proliferation that was partially blocked by a hepcidin-neutralizing antibody. Similarly, medium in which hepcidin-deficient (Hamp-/-) mouse BMSCs had been grown was significantly less effective in reducing bacterial counts than the medium of wild-type cells. In a zymosan-induced peritonitis mouse model we found that mBMSC-derived hepcidin reduced the number of invading polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in the peritoneal cavity. Our results show that BMSC-derived hepcidin has antimicrobial properties in vitro and also reduces inflammation in vivo. We conclude that hepcidin should be added to the expanding arsenal of agents available to BMSCs to fight infections and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Krepuska
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Balázs Mayer
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Vamsee D Myneni
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Krisztián Németh
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ted Cho
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Aaron D Gingerich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Éva Mezey
- National Institutes of Health, NIDCR, ASCS, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Pan K, Xu H, Yan C, Chen J, Jiang X, Song Y, Qi X, Long J, Liu H. Hepcidin from Onychostoma macrolepis: Response to Aeromonas hydrophila infection by down-regulating expression of inflammatory factor genes and regulating iron homeostasis potentially. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109187. [PMID: 37923182 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin, as an antimicrobial peptide, is associated with innate immunity and is considered a potential antibiotic substitute. In the present study, the hepcidin gene from the cavefish - Onychostoma macrolepis was identified and analyzed. The recombinant hepcidin protein (rOmhepc) was obtained by prokaryotic expression, evaluating the inhibitory effect of 5 pathogenic bacteria in vitro. Sixty O. macrolepis injected with 100 μL A. hydrophila (1.5 × 108 CFU/mL) were randomly divided into the therapeutic group and infection group, and therapeutic group was injected with 100 μL rOmhepc (100 μg/mL) at 6 and 18 h. The survival rates of O. macrolepis and bacterial load in liver were measured at 24 h. The liver tissues were collected at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after A. hydrophila injection for investigating expression levels of immune-related, inflammatory factor genes and FPN1 gene. The results demonstrated that the hepcidin CDS contained 279 bp and encoded 93 aa. Hepcidin protein has a hydrophobic surface formed by multiple hydrophobic residues (CCGCCYC), and the theoretical pI was 7.53. Omhepc gene was expressed at varying levels in tested tissues, with the liver showing the highest expression, followed by the spleen. The expression of hepcidin gene following A. hydrophila infection was up-regulated and then down-regulated in liver, and the highest expression level was found at 12 h with a 10.93-fold. The rOmhepc remarkably inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae, with inhibition rates reaching 69.67 %, 42.97 %, and 65.74 % at 100 μg/mL. The mortality rates of O. macrolepis and bacterial load in liver were significantly decreased in the therapeutic group than that of infection group (p < 0.05). After the rOmhepc therapeutic, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly down-regulated with 14.4-fold and 106.07-fold at 24 h. Furthermore, the expression of immune-related genes (C3, TNF-α, IFN-γ) and Ferroportin gene (FPN1) significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The integrated analyses indicated that the rOmhepc could significantly inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila both in vitro and in vivo, attenuating the over-expression of inflammatory factor, FPN1 and immune-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiquan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongzhou Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenyang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanzhen Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingfei Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Xu ZY, Wang JC. LACC1 regulates changes in the intestinal flora in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:358. [PMID: 37848840 PMCID: PMC10580640 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism whereby LACC1 regulates the intestinal flora in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS C57BL/6 and Lacc1-/- mice were used to establish a mouse model of IBD induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The effects of Lacc1 deletion in mice were evaluated. Changes in the body weight and stool blood were recorded daily. After 7 days of successful modeling, the mice were sacrificed, blood was collected from the eyeballs, the entire colon was dissected and separated, and the length of the colon was measured. RESULTS Compared with the wild-type (WT) DSS model group, the Lacc1-/- DSS model group showed a significantly higher disease activity index score (P < 0.05), significantly faster weight loss (P < 0.05), and a significantly shorter colon (P < 0.05), indicating that the colonic mucosal tissue was seriously damaged in the Lacc1-/- DSS model group (P < 0.05). Serum IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in the Lacc1-/- DSS model group than the WT DSS model group. Principal coordinate analysis showed that there were significant microbiome differences between the WT, Lacc1-/-, WT DSS model, and Lacc1-/- DSS model groups (P < 0.05). Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed that under natural conditions, Lacc1-/- mice had significant changes in their intestinal flora compared with control mice (LDA value > 3 or < 3, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Lacc1 deletion aggravates DSS-induced IBD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.9, Yingbin Avenue, Shuyang County, Suqian, 223600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Chun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No.9, Yingbin Avenue, Shuyang County, Suqian, 223600, Jiangsu, China.
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Xia C, Xiao T, Hu S, Luo H, Lu Q, Fu H, Liang D. Long-Term Outcomes of Iron Deficiency Before and After Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obes Surg 2023; 33:897-910. [PMID: 36701012 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reviews the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) in bariatric surgery candidates and the long-term outcomes of the prevalence of ID after bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were performed in PubMed for articles published by August 31, 2022, including these search terms: bariatric surgery, metabolic surgery, weight loss surgery, obesity surgery, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric banding, gastric bypass, duodenal switch, duodenojejunal bypass, iron, iron deficiency, sideropenia, and hypoferritinemia. Fifty-seven studies examining a total of 26,328 patients with morbidly obese were included in this meta-analysis finally. RESULTS The results showed a prevalence of 17% of ID in bariatric surgery candidates and a prevalence of 14%, 17%, 26%, 34%, 23%, 38%, and 23% of ID at 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 8-, and 10-year follow-up after bariatric surgery, respectively. Additionally, the results showed a prevalence of 15%, 19%, 35%, 38%, 29%, 30%, and 23% of ID at 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 8-, and 10-year follow-up after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, respectively; a prevalence of 12%, 12%, 15%, 31%, and 17% of ID at 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year follow-up after sleeve gastrectomy, respectively; and a prevalence of 19% of ID at 1-year follow-up after anastomosis gastric bypass. CONCLUSION As a result, preoperative evaluation and correction of ID may lead to better outcomes for bariatric surgery candidates. ID is also common in patients after bariatric procedures, especially RYGB. Long-term, even lifelong, medical and nutritional monitoring and tailored interventions are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqi Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Taifu Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Haibo Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Qiyu Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Hongrui Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Daoming Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China.
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Dysmetabolic Iron Overload Syndrome: Going beyond the Traditional Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. ENDOCRINES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines4010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS) corresponds to the increase in iron stores associated with components of metabolic syndrome (MtS) and in the absence of an identifiable cause of iron excess. The objective of this work was to review the main aspects of DIOS. PUBMED and EMBASE were consulted, and PRISMA guidelines were followed. DIOS is usually asymptomatic and can be diagnosed by investigating MtS and steatosis. About 50% of the patients present altered hepatic biochemical tests (increased levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase itself or associated with increased levels of alanine aminotransferase). The liver may present parenchymal and mesenchymal iron overload, but the excess of iron is commonly mild. Steatosis or steatohepatitis is observed in half of the patients. Fibrosis is observed in about 15% of patients. Hyperferritinemia may damage the myocardium, liver, and several other tissues, increasing morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, DIOS is closely related to oxidative stress, which is closely associated with several pathological conditions such as inflammatory diseases, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, and cancer. DIOS is becoming a relevant finding in the general population and can be associated with high morbidity/mortality. For these reasons, investigation of this condition could be an additional requirement for the early prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Xia Y, Luo Q, Huang C, Shi L, Jahangir A, Pan T, Wei X, He J, Liu W, Shi R, Geng Y, Fang J, Tang L, Guo H, Ouyang P, Chen Z. Ferric citrate-induced colonic mucosal damage associated with oxidative stress, inflammation responses, apoptosis, and the changes of gut microbial composition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114364. [PMID: 36508806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferric citrate (FC) has been used as an iron fortifier and nutritional supplement, which is reported to induce colitis in rats, however the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. We performed a 16-week study of FC in male healthy C57BL/6 mice (nine-month-old) with oral administration of Ctr (0.9 % NaCl), 1.25 % FC (71 mg/kg/bw), 2.5 % FC (143 mg/kg/bw) and 5 % FC (286 mg/kg/bw). FC-exposure resulted in colon iron accumulation, histological alteration and reduce antioxidant enzyme activities, such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), together with enhanced lipid peroxidation level, including malondialdehyde (MDA) level and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein expression. Exposure to FC was associated with upregulated levels of the interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), while down-regulated levels of IL-4 and IL-10. Exposure to FC was positively associated with the mRNA and protein expressions of cysteine-aspartic proteases (Caspase)- 9, Caspase-3, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), while negatively associated with B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) in mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway. FC-exposure changed the diversity and composition of gut microbes. Additionally, the serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contents increased in FC-exposed groups when compared with the control group, while the expression of colonic tight junction proteins (TJPs), such as Claudin-1 and Occludin were decreased. These findings indicate that the colonic mucosal injury induced by FC-exposure are associated with oxidative stress generation, inflammation response and cell apoptosis, as well as the changes in gut microbes diversity and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liangqin Shi
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Asad Jahangir
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junbo He
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Riyi Shi
- Center for Paralysis Research & Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yi Geng
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Tang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Cervera L, González-Fernández C, Cano D, Esteban MÁ, Mercado L, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Immunity elicited by AMP-encoding plasmids fails to increase the protection of European sea bass against nodavirus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108507. [PMID: 36581252 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a potent arm of the innate immune system that can directly kill pathogens and induce immunomodulation. In the marine aquaculture, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) is one of the most prosperous species but is highly susceptible to nodavirus (NNV), which produces high rates of mortality in larvae and juvenile stages. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether AMPs exert immunomodulatory and/or NNV-preventive actions in sea bass. To do this, plasmids encoding the sea bass AMPs dicentracin (pDIC), beta-defensin (pDB1), hepcidin (pHAMP2) or NK-lysin (pNKL) were generated and intramuscularly injected into sea bass juveniles to evaluate their immunomodulatory and anti-NNV roles. Sea bass muscle transcribes the AMPs and produces an increase in their circulating levels, along with an increase of the antibacterial activity. Immune-related gene analysis revealed a great activation of the inflammatory response and the recruitment of neutrophilic granulocytes at the site of injection. However, AMP-encoding plasmids, namely pHAMP2, negatively affected to NNV disease by increasing fish mortality. In conclusion, plasmids encoding AMPs show immunostimulatory effects on European sea bass but do not improve the resistance to NNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniela Cano
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Spanish National Research Council (IEO-CSIC), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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11
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Ghaith MM, El-Boshy M, Almasmoum H, Abdelghany AH, Azzeh FS, Almaimani RA, Idris S, Ahmad J, Mahbub AA, BaSalamah MA, Elzubeir ME, Refaat B. Deferasirox and vitamin D 3 co-therapy mitigates iron-induced renal injury by enhanced modulation of cellular anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and iron regulatory pathways in rat. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 74:127085. [PMID: 36179462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic iron overload could induce nephropathy via oxidative stress and inflammation, and chelating therapy has limited efficacy in removing excess intracellular iron. Although vitamin D (VD) has shown potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well contribute to iron homeostasis, none of the previous studies measured its potential remedial effects against chronic iron toxicity. AIMS To measure the alleviating effects of deferasirox (DFX) and/or vitamin D (VD) single and combined therapies against nephrotoxicity induced by chronic iron overload. METHODS Forty male rats were divided into negative (NC) and positive (PC) controls, DFX, VD, and DFX/VD groups. The designated groups received iron for six weeks followed by DFX and/or VD for another six weeks. Then, the expression pattern of renal genes and proteins including hepcidin, ferroportin (FPN), megalin, transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), ferritin heavy and light chains, VD receptor (VDR), VD synthesizing (Cyp27b1) and catabolizing (Cyp24a1) enzymes were measured alongside serum markers of renal function and iron biochemical parameters. Additionally, several markers of oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2/GSH/SOD1/CAT/GPx4) and inflammation (IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α/IL-10) together with renal cell apoptosis and expression of caspase-3 (Casp-3) were measured. RESULTS The PC rats showed pathological iron and renal biochemical markers, hypovitaminosis D, increased renal tissue iron contents with increased Cyp24a1/Megalin/ferritin-chains/hepcidin, and decreased Cyp27b1/VDR/TfR1/FPN expression than the NC group. The PC renal tissues also showed abnormal histology, increased inflammatory (IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α), oxidative stress (MDA/H2O2), and apoptosis markers with decreased IL-10/GSH/SOD1/CAT/GPx4. Although DFX monotherapy reduced serum iron levels, it was comparable to the PC group in renal iron concentrations, VD and iron-homeostatic molecules, alongside markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. On the other hand, VD monotherapy markedly modulated renal iron and VD-related molecules, reduced renal tissue iron concentrations, and preserved renal tissue relative to the PC and DFX groups. However, serum iron levels were equal in the VD and PC groups. In contrast, the best significant improvements in serum and renal iron levels, expression of renal iron-homeostatic molecules, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were seen in the co-therapy group. CONCLUSIONS iron-induced nephrotoxicity was associated with dysregulations in renal VD-system together with renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. While DFX reduced systemic iron, VD monotherapy showed better attenuation of renal iron concentrations and tissue damage. Nonetheless, the co-therapy approach exhibited the maximal remedial effects, possibly by enhanced modulation of renal iron-homeostatic molecules alongside reducing systemic iron levels. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its Supplementary information files].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen M Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelghany H Abdelghany
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Firas S Azzeh
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A BaSalamah
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Elzubeir
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607 Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Zhang S, Sun Z, Jiang X, Lu Z, Ding L, Li C, Tian X, Wang Q. Ferroptosis increases obesity: Crosstalk between adipocytes and the neuroimmune system. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049936. [PMID: 36479119 PMCID: PMC9720262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis requires not only the accumulation of iron ions, but also changes in many ferroptosis-related regulators, including a decrease in GPX4 and inhibition of SLC7A11 for classical ferroptosis, a deletion of FSP1 or GCH1. Surprisingly, adipose tissue (AT) in the obesity conditions is also accompanied by iron buildup, decreased GSH, and increased ROS. On the neurological side, the pro-inflammatory factor released by AT may have first caused ferroptosis in the vagus nerve by inhibiting of the NRF2-GPX4 pathway, resulting in disorders of the autonomic nervous system. On the immune side, obesity may cause M2 macrophages ferroptosis due to damage to iron-rich ATMs (MFehi) and antioxidant ATMs (Mox), and lead to Treg cells ferroptosis through reductions in NRF2, GPX4, and GCH1 levels. At the same time, the reduction in GPX4 may also trigger the ferroptosis of B1 cells. In addition, some studies have also found the role of GPX4 in neutrophil autophagy, which is also worth pondering whether there is a connection with ferroptosis. In conclusion, this review summarizes the associations between neuroimmune regulation associated with obesity and ferroptosis, and on the basis of this, highlights their potential molecular mechanisms, proposing that ferroptosis in one or more cells in a multicellular tissue changes the fate of that tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xuewen Tian
- *Correspondence: Xuewen Tian, ; Qinglu Wang,
| | - Qinglu Wang
- *Correspondence: Xuewen Tian, ; Qinglu Wang,
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13
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Matsumura M, Murakami M, Funaba M. Transcriptional activation of hepcidin by the microphthalmia/transcription factor E family. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:742-749. [PMID: 36062805 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin negatively regulates the circulating iron levels by inhibiting the intestinal absorption of iron as well as iron release from macrophages. Hepcidin activity is largely determined by its expression, which is regulated at the transcriptional level. Hepcidin transcription is induced not only by the iron status-related bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/6, but also by inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. The present study reveals that the microphthalmia (MiT)/transcription factor E (TFE) family members are novel regulators of hepcidin transcription. Melanocyte-inducing transcription factor (MITF)-A, a member of the MiT/TFE family, was identified as a positive regulator of hepcidin transcription via stimulus screening for transcription regulators. An E-box (5'-CATGTG-3') spanning nt-645 to nt-640 of the murine hepcidin promoter was identified as an MITF-A-responsive element. Responsiveness to MITF-A on hepcidin transcription decreased when the cells were stimulated with BMP2 or IL-1β. These results suggest a functional interaction between the MITF pathway and BMP- or IL-1β-mediated signaling. TFEB and TFE3, members of the MiT/TFE family, also stimulated hepcidin transcription, but the main region responsible for hepcidin transcription was distinct from that induced by MITF-A. The region spanning nt-581 to nt-526 was involved in TFEB/TFE3-mediated hepcidin transcription. Considering that members of the MiT/TFE family act as regulators of starvation-induced lysosomal biogenesis, hepcidin expression may be controlled by additional pathways apart from those identified so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Matsumura
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Murakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Dou J, Liu X, Yang L, Huang D, Tan X. Ferroptosis interaction with inflammatory microenvironments: Mechanism, biology, and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113711. [PMID: 36126457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of regulated cell death. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation reaction of cell membrane lipids, and it is closely related to the occurrence and development of many inflammatory diseases, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and tumors. Although the precise role of ferroptosis in these inflammatory diseases is still unclear, recent evidence indicates that the association between ferroptosis and inflammatory diseases is related to the interaction of ferroptosis and inflammatory microenvironments. In inflammatory microenvironments, ferroptosis can be regulated by metabolic changes or the secretion of related substances between microorganisms and host cells or between host cells. At the same time, ferroptotic cells can also recruit immune cells by releasing injury-related molecular patterns, which in turn induces the generation of inflammatory microenvironments. Molecular crosstalk between ferroptosis and other cell death types also exists in inflammatory microenvironments. In addition, the interaction of ferroptosis and the tumor microenvironment is also correlated with tumor growth. This article reviews the main metabolic processes of ferroptosis, describes the interaction mechanism between ferroptosis and inflammatory microenvironments, and summarizes the role of ferroptosis in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuelian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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15
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Yao X, Zuo N, Guan W, Fu L, Jiang S, Jiao J, Wang X. Association of Gut Microbiota Enterotypes with Blood Trace Elements in Women with Infertility. Nutrients 2022; 14:3195. [PMID: 35956371 PMCID: PMC9370633 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is defined as failure to achieve pregnancy within 12 months of unprotected intercourse in women. Trace elements, a kind of micronutrient that is very important to female reproductive function, are affected by intestinal absorption, which is regulated by gut microbiota. Enterotype is the classification of an intestinal microbiome based on its characteristics. Whether or not Prevotella-enterotype and Bacteroides-enterotype are associated with blood trace elements among infertile women remains unclear. The study aimed to explore the relationship between five main whole blood trace elements and these two enterotypes in women with infertility. This retrospective cross-sectional study recruited 651 Chinese women. Whole blood copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and iron levels were measured. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed on all fecal samples. Patients were categorized according to whole blood trace elements (low levels group, <5th percentile; normal levels group, 5th‒95th percentile; high levels group, >95th percentile). There were no significant differences in trace elements between the two enterotypes within the control population, while in infertile participants, copper (P = 0.033), zinc (P < 0.001), magnesium (P < 0.001), and iron (P < 0.001) in Prevotella-enterotype was significantly lower than in Bacteroides-enterotype. The Chi-square test showed that only the iron group had a significant difference in the two enterotypes (P = 0.001). Among infertile patients, Prevotella-enterotype (Log(P/B) > −0.27) predicted the low levels of whole blood iron in the obesity population (AUC = 0.894; P = 0.042). For the high levels of iron, Bacteroides-enterotype (Log(P/B) <−2.76) had a predictive power in the lean/normal group (AUC = 0.648; P = 0.041) and Log(P/B) <−3.99 in the overweight group (AUC = 0.863; P = 0.013). We can infer that these two enterotypes may have an effect on the iron metabolism in patients with infertility, highlighting the importance of further research into the interaction between enterotypes and trace elements in reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Yao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China
- Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Na Zuo
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China
- Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Wenzheng Guan
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China
- Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Lingjie Fu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China
- Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Shuyi Jiang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China
- Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China
- Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiuxia Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110004, China
- Shenyang Reproductive Health Clinical Medicine Research Center, Shenyang 110004, China
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16
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Xu L, Gao H, Wang W. Joint detection of
miR
‐149‐3p and hepcidin predicts the onset of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in obese patients. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:1643-1651. [PMID: 36258850 PMCID: PMC9575112 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Weifang People's Hospital Weifang Shandong China
| | - Haipeng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Weifang People's Hospital Weifang Shandong China
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Weifang People's Hospital Weifang Shandong China
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17
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Badenhorst CE, Forsyth AK, Govus AD. A contemporary understanding of iron metabolism in active premenopausal females. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:903937. [PMID: 35966107 PMCID: PMC9366739 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.903937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism research in the past decade has identified menstrual blood loss as a key contributor to the prevalence of iron deficiency in premenopausal females. The reproductive hormones estrogen and progesterone influence iron regulation and contribute to variations in iron parameters throughout the menstrual cycle. Despite the high prevalence of iron deficiency in premenopausal females, scant research has investigated female-specific causes and treatments for iron deficiency. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of factors that influence iron status in active premenopausal females, with a focus on the menstrual cycle. We also outline several practical guidelines for monitoring, diagnosing, and treating iron deficiency in premenopausal females. Finally, we highlight several areas for further research to enhance the understanding of iron metabolism in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Badenhorst
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Claire E. Badenhorst
| | - Adrienne K. Forsyth
- School of Behavioural and Health Science, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Govus
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Guo L, Gao W, Tang TL, Yan M. Interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:355. [PMID: 35429990 PMCID: PMC9013379 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent cell death pathway, is characterized by lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion mediated by iron metabolism and is morphologically, biologically and genetically different from other programmed cell deaths. Besides, ferroptosis is usually found accompanied by inflammatory reactions. So far, it has been found participating in the development of many kinds of diseases. Macrophages are a group of immune cells that widely exist in our body for host defense and play an important role in tissue homeostasis by mediating inflammation and regulating iron, lipid and amino acid metabolisms through their unique functions like phagocytosis and efferocytosis, cytokines secretion and ROS production under different polarization. According to these common points in ferroptosis characteristics and macrophages functions, it’s obvious that there must be relationship between macrophages and ferroptosis. Therefore, our review aims at revealing the interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis concerning three metabolisms and integrating the application of certain relationship in curing diseases, mostly cancer. Finally, we also provide inspirations for further studies in therapy for some diseases by targeting certain resident macrophages in distinct tissues to regulate ferroptosis. Facts Ferroptosis is considered as a newly discovered form characterized by its nonapoptotic and iron-dependent lipid hydroperoxide, concerning iron, lipid and amino acid metabolisms. Ferroptosis has been widely found playing a crucial part in various diseases, including hepatic diseases, neurological diseases, cancer, etc. Macrophages are phagocytic immune cells, widely existing and owning various functions such as phagocytosis and efferocytosis, cytokines secretion and ROS production. Macrophages are proved to participate in mediating metabolisms and initiating immune reactions to maintain balance in our body. Recent studies try to treat cancer by altering macrophages’ polarization which damages tumor microenvironment and induces ferroptosis of cancer cells.
Open questions How do macrophages regulate ferroptosis of other tissue cells specifically? Can we use the interaction between macrophages and ferroptosis in treating diseases other than cancer? What can we do to treat diseases related to ferroptosis by targeting macrophages? Is the use of the relationship between macrophages and ferroptosis more effective than other therapies when treating diseases?
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting-Li Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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19
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides and is different from other types of cell death. The mechanisms of ferroptosis are discussed in the review, including System Xc-, Glutathione Peroxidase 4 pathway, Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 and Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase pathway. Ferroptosis is associated with the occurrence of various diseases, including sepsis. Research in recent years has displayed that ferroptosis is involved in sepsis occurrence and development. Iron chelators can inhibit the development of sepsis and improve the survival rate of septic mice. The ferroptotic cells can release damage-associated molecular patterns and lipid peroxidation, which further mediate inflammatory responses. Ferroptosis inhibitors can resist sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction and inflammation. Finally, we reviewed ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death that is different from other types of cell death in biochemistry, morphology, and major regulatory mechanisms, which is involved in multiple organ injuries caused by sepsis. Exploring the relationship between sepsis and ferroptosis may yield new treatment targets for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Sichuang Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Sipin Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Modulatory Effects of Fractalkine on Inflammatory Response and Iron Metabolism of Lipopolysaccharide and Lipoteichoic Acid-Activated THP-1 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052629. [PMID: 35269771 PMCID: PMC8910483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) acts as a chemokine as well as a regulator of iron metabolism. Fractalkine binds CX3CR1, the fractalkine receptor on the surface of monocytes/macrophages regulating different intracellular signalling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C (PLC) and NFκB contributing to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, and the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and metabolism. In this study, we focused on the modulatory effects of fractalkine on the immune response and on the iron metabolism of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA) activated THP-1 cells to get a deeper insight into the role of soluble fractalkine in the regulation of the innate immune system. Pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions of the fractalkine-treated, LPS/LTA-treated, and co-treated THP-1 cells were determined using ELISArray and ELISA measurements. We analysed the protein expression levels of signalling molecules regulated by CX3CR1 as well as hepcidin, the major iron regulatory hormone, the iron transporters, the iron storage proteins and mitochondrial iron utilization. The results showed that fractalkine treatment alone did not affect the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, but it was proposed to act as a regulator of the iron metabolism of THP-1 cells. In the case of two different LPS and one type of LTA with fractalkine co-treatments, fractalkine was able to alter the levels of signalling proteins (NFκB, PSTAT3, Nrf2/Keap-1) regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as hepcidin, and the iron storage and utilization of the THP-1 cells.
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21
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Electroacupuncture Preconditioning Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Acute Phase of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats by Regulating Iron Metabolism Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3056963. [PMID: 34790244 PMCID: PMC8592755 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3056963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is an important mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ferroptosis caused by iron overload after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is considered a common cause of oxidative stress. Many recent studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) can regulate the expression of inflammatory factors, and the use of electroacupuncture preconditioning can produce a protective effect, which can reduce injury after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. We aimed to assess whether EA could be used to reduce oxidative stress. Methods The oxidative stress level of rats during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was assessed with and without preconditioning with EA. Molecular biology methods were used to detect iron metabolism and oxidative stress-related proteins. Results Rats that had EA preconditioning had lower infarct volumes than rats in the control group. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that the expression of iron metabolism-related protein FPN-1 was higher in the intervention group than in the model group after reperfusion. In this regard, further investigation also demonstrated higher expression of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase-4, and lower reactive oxygen species values in the brain tissue of the EA group were compared with those of the control group rats. Conclusions Electroacupuncture preconditioning can reduce oxidative stress after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by regulating iron overload.
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Guo HH, Xiong L, Pan JX, Lee D, Liu K, Ren X, Wang B, Yang X, Cui S, Mei L, Xiong WC. Hepcidin contributes to Swedish mutant APP-induced osteoclastogenesis and trabecular bone loss. Bone Res 2021; 9:31. [PMID: 34108442 PMCID: PMC8190093 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) often have lower bone mass than healthy individuals. However, the mechanisms underlying this change remain elusive. Previously, we found that Tg2576 mice, an AD animal model that ubiquitously expresses Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPswe), shows osteoporotic changes, reduced bone formation, and increased bone resorption. To understand how bone deficits develop in Tg2576 mice, we used a multiplex antibody array to screen for serum proteins that are altered in Tg2576 mice and identified hepcidin, a master regulator of iron homeostasis. We further investigated hepcidin's function in bone homeostasis and found that hepcidin levels were increased not only in the serum but also in the liver, muscle, and osteoblast (OB) lineage cells in Tg2576 mice at both the mRNA and protein levels. We then generated mice selectively expressing hepcidin in hepatocytes or OB lineage cells, which showed trabecular bone loss and increased osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone resorption. Further cell studies suggested that hepcidin increased OC precursor proliferation and differentiation by downregulating ferroportin (FPN) expression and increasing intracellular iron levels. In OB lineage cells, APPswe enhanced hepcidin expression by inducing ER stress and increasing OC formation, in part through hepcidin. Together, these results suggest that increased hepcidin expression in hepatocytes and OB lineage cells in Tg2576 mice contributes to enhanced osteoclastogenesis and trabecular bone loss, identifying the hepcidin-FPN-iron axis as a potential therapeutic target to prevent AD-associated bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Han Guo
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiao Ren
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shun Cui
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Rodríguez-Mortera R, Caccavello R, Hermo R, Garay-Sevilla ME, Gugliucci A. Higher Hepcidin Levels in Adolescents with Obesity Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Dyslipidemia and Visceral Fat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050751. [PMID: 34065056 PMCID: PMC8150400 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tightly regulated iron metabolism prevents oxidative stress. Hepcidin is a hormone that regulates iron flow in plasma; its production is induced by an iron overload and by inflammation. It inhibits iron entry into the circulation by blocking dietary absorption in the duodenum, the release of recycled iron from macrophages and the exit of stored iron from hepatocytes. Varied signals responding to iron stores, erythropoietic activity and host defense converge to regulate hepcidin production and thereby affect iron homeostasis. Although it is known that hepcidin increases when interleukin 6 (IL-6) increases, the relationship between hepcidin, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in adolescents with obesity is unclear. In this cross-sectional study of 29 obese adolescents and 30 control subjects, we explored the difference of hepcidin, iron metabolism markers and IL-6 between obese and non-obese adolescents, and identified associations with inflammation, atherogenic dyslipidemia and IR. As compared to lean controls, obese participants showed 67% higher hepcidin: 14,070.8 ± 7213.5 vs. 8419.1 ± 4826.1 pg/mLc; 70% higher ferritin: 94.4 ± 82.4 vs. 55.1 ± 39.6 pg/mLa and 120% higher IL-6: 2.0 (1.1–4.9) vs. 0.9 (0.5–1.3) pg/mLd. Transferrin, soluble transferrin receptor and total body iron (as measured by sTFR/ferritin, log10 sTFR/ferritin ratio and sTFR/log ferritin ratios) were not different between the two cohorts. In the whole cohort, hepcidin correlated with VAI (r = 0.29a), sd-LDL (r = 0.31b), HOMA-IR (r = 0.29a) and IL-6 (r = 0.35c). In obese adolescents hepcidin correlated with TG (r = 0.47b), VLDL-C (r = 0.43b) and smaller LDL2 (r = 0.39a). Hepcidin elevation in adolescents with obesity is linked more to inflammation and metabolic alterations than to iron metabolism since the other markers of iron metabolism were not different between groups, except for ferritin. Studies addressing the long-term effects of higher hepcidin levels and their impact on subclinical anemia and iron status are warranted. a p < 0.05; b p < 0.01, c p < 0.001 dp < 0.0001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Rodríguez-Mortera
- Department of Medical Science, University of Guanajuato, Leon 37320, Mexico; (R.R.-M.); (M.E.G.-S.)
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA; (R.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Russell Caccavello
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA; (R.C.); (R.H.)
| | - Ricardo Hermo
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA; (R.C.); (R.H.)
| | | | - Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Department of Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA; (R.C.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Bjørklund G, Peana M, Pivina L, Dosa A, Aaseth J, Semenova Y, Chirumbolo S, Medici S, Dadar M, Costea DO. Iron Deficiency in Obesity and after Bariatric Surgery. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050613. [PMID: 33918997 PMCID: PMC8142987 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is particularly frequent in obese patients due to increased circulating levels of acute-phase reactant hepcidin and adiposity-associated inflammation. Inflammation in obese subjects is closely related to ID. It induces reduced iron absorption correlated to the inhibition of duodenal ferroportin expression, parallel to the increased concentrations of hepcidin. Obese subjects often get decreased inflammatory response after bariatric surgery, accompanied by decreased serum hepcidin and therefore improved iron absorption. Bariatric surgery can induce the mitigation or resolution of obesity-associated complications, such as hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia, adjusting many parameters in the metabolism. However, gastric bypass surgery and sleeve gastrectomy can induce malabsorption and may accentuate ID. The present review explores the burden and characteristics of ID and anemia in obese patients after bariatric surgery, accounting for gastric bypass technique (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass-RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). After bariatric surgery, obese subjects' iron status should be monitored, and they should be motivated to use adequate and recommended iron supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Lyudmila Pivina
- Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan; (L.P.); (Y.S.)
- CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandru Dosa
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (A.D.); (D.-O.C.)
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2380 Brumunddal, Norway;
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan; (L.P.); (Y.S.)
- CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Serenella Medici
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31975/148, Iran;
| | - Daniel-Ovidiu Costea
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (A.D.); (D.-O.C.)
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Abstract
A three-part mechanism is proposed for the induction of Alzheimer’s disease: (1) decreased blood lactic acid; (2) increased blood ceramide and adipokines; (3) decreased blood folic acid. The age-related nature of these mechanisms comes from age-associated decreased muscle mass, increased visceral fat and changes in diet. This mechanism also explains why many people do not develop Alzheimer’s disease. Simple changes in lifestyle and diet can prevent Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is caused by a cascade of events that culminates in damage to the blood–brain barrier and damage to neurons. The blood–brain barrier keeps toxic molecules out of the brain and retains essential molecules in the brain. Lactic acid is a nutrient to the brain and is produced by exercise. Damage to endothelial cells and pericytes by inadequate lactic acid leads to blood–brain barrier damage and brain damage. Inadequate folate intake and oxidative stress induced by activation of transient receptor potential cation channels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase damage the blood–brain barrier. NAD depletion due to inadequate intake of nicotinamide and alterations in the kynurenine pathway damages neurons. Changes in microRNA levels may be the terminal events that cause neuronal death leading to Alzheimer’s disease. A new mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease induction is presented involving lactic acid, ceramide, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, folate, nicotinamide, kynurenine metabolites and microRNA.
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Quiros Roldan E, Biasiotto G, Magro P, Zanella I. The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis? Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104904. [PMID: 32430286 PMCID: PMC7217799 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and primarily the less toxic hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are currently used to treat autoimmune diseases for their immunomodulatory and anti-thrombotic properties. They have also been proposed for the treatment of several viral infections, due to their anti-viral effects in cell cultures and animal models, and, currently, for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) infection that is spreading all over the world. Although in some recent studies a clinical improvement in COVID-19 patients has been observed, the clinical efficacy of CQ and HCQ in COVID-19 has yet to be proven with randomized controlled studies, many of which are currently ongoing, also considering pharmacokinetics, optimal dosing regimen, therapeutic level and duration of treatment and taking into account patients with different severity degrees of disease. Here we review what is currently known on the mechanisms of action of CQ and HCQ as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic drugs and discuss the up-to-date experimental evidence on the potential mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ in Sars-Cov2 infection and the current clinical knowledge on their efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Given the role of iron in several human viral infections, we also propose a different insight into a number of CQ and HCQ pharmacological effects, suggesting a potential involvement of iron homeostasis in Sars-Cov-2 infection and COVID-19 clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Quiros Roldan
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Biasiotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Section, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Magro
- University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Isabella Zanella
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Section, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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27
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Brabin B, Tinto H, Roberts SA. Testing an infection model to explain excess risk of preterm birth with long-term iron supplementation in a malaria endemic area. Malar J 2019; 18:374. [PMID: 31771607 PMCID: PMC6880560 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In view of recent evidence from a randomized trial in Burkina Faso that periconceptional iron supplementation substantially increases risk of spontaneous preterm birth (< 37 weeks) in first pregnancies (adjusted relative risk = 2.22; 95% CI 1.39–3.61), explanation is required to understand potential mechanisms, including progesterone mediated responses, linking long-term iron supplementation, malaria and gestational age. Methods The analysis developed a model based on a dual hit inflammatory mechanism arising from simultaneous malaria and gut infections, supported in part by published trial results. This model is developed to understand mechanisms linking iron supplementation, malaria and gestational age. Background literature substantiates synergistic inflammatory effects of these infections where trial data is unavailable. A path modelling exercise assessed direct and indirect paths influencing preterm birth and gestation length. Results A dual hit hypothesis incorporates two main pathways for pro-inflammatory mechanisms, which in this model, interact to increase hepcidin expression. Trial data showed preterm birth was positively associated with C-reactive protein (P = 0.0038) an inflammatory biomarker. The malaria pathway upregulates C-reactive protein and serum hepcidin, thereby reducing iron absorption. The enteric pathway results from unabsorbed gut iron, which induces microbiome changes and pathogenic gut infections, initiating pro-inflammatory events with lipopolysaccharide expression. Data from the trial suggest that raised hepcidin concentration is a mediating catalyst, being inversely associated with shorter gestational age at delivery (P = 0.002) and positively with preterm incidence (P = 0.007). A segmented regression model identified a change-point consisting of two segments before and after a sharp rise in hepcidin concentration. This showed a post change hepcidin elevation in women with increasing C-reactive protein values in late gestation (post-change slope 0.55. 95% CI 0.39–0.92, P < 0.001). Path modelling confirmed seasonal malaria effects on preterm birth, with mediation through C-reactive protein and (non-linear) hepcidin induction. Conclusions Following long-term iron supplementation, dual inflammatory pathways that mediate hepcidin expression and culminate in progesterone withdrawal may account for the reduction in gestational age observed in first pregnancies in this area of high malaria exposure. If correct, this model strongly suggests that in such areas, effective infection control is required prior to iron supplementation to avoid increasing preterm births. Trial registration NCT01210040. Registered with Clinicaltrials.gov on 27th September 2010
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Brabin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L35QA, UK. .,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Global Child Health Group, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (URCN/IRSS), Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Stephen A Roberts
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
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Shen Y, Zhao Z, Zhao J, Chen X, Cao M, Wu M. Expression and Functional Analysis of Hepcidin from Mandarin Fish ( Siniperca chuatsi). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225602. [PMID: 31717495 PMCID: PMC6887715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a liver-derived peptide hormone that is related to iron balance and immunity in humans. However, its function in Siniperca chuatsi has not been well elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of the S. chuatsi hepcidin (Sc-hep) gene. Sc-hep was specifically expressed in the liver and appeared to be one of the most highly expressed genes in the liver. After spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic—polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) stimulation, the expression of Sc-hep in the liver increased by approximately 110, 6500, and 225 times, respectively. After ferrous sulfate (FS) injection, the expression of Sc-hep in the liver increased approximately 520-fold. We found that miR-19c-5p could inhibit Sc-hep expression. Five CpG dinucleotides distributed in the promoter region showed no differential methylation between the liver and the stomach, both presenting high methylation rates. After FS or LPS injection, the expression of three iron balance-related genes (FPN1, TFR1, and FTN) and five immune-related cytokine genes (IL-1β, IL8, TNF-α, TLR22, and SOCS3) significantly changed. These results indicate that Sc-hep participates in the regulation of iron balance and plays an important role in the immune system. Sc-hep increased approximately 52-fold when mandarin fish were domesticated with artificial diets. Sc-hep might be used as a real-time biomarker of mandarin fish liver because its expression markedly varies under different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Shen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jinliang Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Ming Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Fishery Germplasm Conservation Center, Guangzhou 511400, China;
| | - Minglin Wu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230000, China;
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