1
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Fan CX, Liu XR, Mei DQ, Li BM, Li WB, Xie HC, Wang J, Shen NX, Ye ZL, You QL, Li LY, Qu XC, Chen LZ, Liang JJ, Zhang MR, He N, Li J, Gao JY, Deng WY, Liu WZ, Wang WT, Liao WP, Chen Q, Shi YW. Heterozygous variants in USP25 cause genetic generalized epilepsy. Brain 2024; 147:3442-3457. [PMID: 38875478 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
USP25 encodes ubiquitin-specific protease 25, a key member of the deubiquitinating enzyme family that is involved in neural fate determination. Although abnormal expression in Down's syndrome was reported previously, the specific role of USP25 in human diseases has not been defined. In this study, we performed trio-based whole exome sequencing in a cohort of 319 cases (families) with generalized epilepsy of unknown aetiology. Five heterozygous USP25 variants, including two de novo and three co-segregated variants, were determined in eight individuals affected by generalized seizures and/or febrile seizures from five unrelated families. The frequency of USP25 variants showed a significantly high aggregation in this cohort compared with the East Asian population and all populations in the gnomAD database. The mean age at onset of febrile and afebrile seizures were 10 months (infancy) and 11.8 years (juvenile), respectively. The patients achieved seizure freedom, except that one had occasional nocturnal seizures at the last follow-up. Two patients exhibited intellectual disability. Usp25 was expressed ubiquitously in mouse brain with two peaks, on embryonic Days 14-16 and postnatal Day 21, respectively. In human brain, likewise, USP25 is expressed in the fetus/early childhood stage and with a second peak at ∼12-20 years old, consistent with the seizure onset age in patients during infancy and in juveniles. To investigate the functional impact of USP25 deficiency in vivo, we established Usp25 knockout mice, which showed increased seizure susceptibility compared with wild-type mice in a pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure test. To explore the impact of USP25 variants, we used multiple functional detections. In HEK293 T cells, the variant associated with a severe phenotype (p.Gln889Ter) led to a significant reduction of mRNA and protein expressions but formed stable truncated dimers with an increment of deubiquitinating enzyme activities and abnormal cellular aggregations, indicating a gain-of-function effect. The p.Gln889Ter and p.Leu1045del variants increased neuronal excitability in mouse brain, with a higher firing ability in p.Gln889Ter. These functional impairments align with the severity of the observed phenotypes, suggesting a genotype-phenotype correlation. Hence, a moderate association between USP25 and epilepsy was noted, indicating that USP25 is potentially a predisposing gene for epilepsy. Our results from Usp25 null mice and the patient-derived variants indicated that USP25 would play an epileptogenic role via loss-of-function or gain-of-function effects. The truncated variant p.Gln889Ter would have a profoundly different effect on epilepsy. Together, our results underscore the significance of USP25 heterozygous variants in epilepsy, thereby highlighting the critical role of USP25 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Xia Fan
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Dao-Qi Mei
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Bing-Mei Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Huan-Cheng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Nan-Xiang Shen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zi-Long Ye
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Qiang-Long You
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Ling-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiao-Chong Qu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Li-Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jin-Jie Liang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Ming-Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Na He
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jun-Ying Gao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Wei-Yi Deng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Liu
- Department of Stomatology of the second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yi-Wu Shi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
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2
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Singh V, Auerbach DS. Neurocardiac pathologies associated with potassium channelopathies. Epilepsia 2024. [PMID: 39087855 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium channels are expressed throughout the human body and are essential for physiological functions. These include delayed rectifiers, A-type channels, outward rectifiers, and inward rectifiers. They impact electrical function in the heart (repolarization) and brain (repolarization and stabilization of the resting membrane potential). KCNQx and KCNHx encode Kv7.x and Kv11.x proteins, which form delayed rectifier potassium channels. KCNQx and KCNHx channelopathies are associated with both cardiac and neuronal pathologies. These include electrocardiographic abnormalities, cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death (SCD), epileptiform discharges, seizures, bipolar disorder, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Due to the ubiquitous expression of KCNQx and KCNHx channels, abnormalities in their function can be particularly harmful, increasing the risk of sudden death. For example, KCNH2 variants have a dual role in both cardiac and neuronal pathologies, whereas KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 variants are associated with severe and refractory epilepsy. Recurrent and uncontrolled seizures lead to secondary abnormalities, which include autonomics, cardiac electrical function, respiratory drive, and neuronal electrical activity. Even with a wide array of anti-seizure therapies available on the market, one-third of the more than 70 million people worldwide with epilepsy have uncontrolled seizures (i.e., intractable/drug-resistant epilepsy), which negatively impact neurodevelopment and quality of life. To capture the current state of the field, this review examines KCNQx and KCNHx expression patterns and electrical function in the brain and heart. In addition, it discusses several KCNQx and KCNHx variants that have been clinically and electrophysiologically characterized. Because these channel variants are associated with multi-system pathologies, such as epileptogenesis, Kv7 channel modulators provide a potential anti-seizure therapy, particularly for people with intractable epilepsy. Ultimately an increased understanding of the role of Kv channels throughout the body will fuel the development of innovative, safe, and effective therapies for people at a high risk of sudden death (SCD and SUDEP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - David S Auerbach
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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3
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Urena ES, Diezel CC, Serna M, Hala'ufia G, Majuta L, Barber KR, Vanderah TW, Riegel AC. K v7 channel opener retigabine reduces self-administration of cocaine but not sucrose in rats. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13428. [PMID: 39087789 PMCID: PMC11292668 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The increasing rates of drug misuse highlight the urgency of identifying improved therapeutics for treatment. Most drug-seeking behaviours that can be modelled in rodents utilize the repeated intravenous self-administration (SA) of drugs. Recent studies examining the mesolimbic pathway suggest that Kv7/KCNQ channels may contribute to the transition from recreational to chronic drug use. However, to date, all such studies used noncontingent, experimenter-delivered drug model systems, and the extent to which this effect generalizes to rats trained to self-administer drugs is not known. Here, we tested the ability of retigabine (ezogabine), a Kv7 channel opener, to regulate instrumental behaviour in male Sprague Dawley rats. We first validated the ability of retigabine to target experimenter-delivered cocaine in a conditioned place preference (CPP) assay and found that retigabine reduced the acquisition of place preference. Next, we trained rats for cocaine-SA under a fixed-ratio or progressive-ratio reinforcement schedule and found that retigabine pretreatment attenuated the SA of low to moderate doses of cocaine. This was not observed in parallel experiments, with rats self-administering sucrose, a natural reward. Compared with sucrose-SA, cocaine-SA was associated with reductions in the expression of the Kv7.5 subunit in the nucleus accumbens, without alterations in Kv7.2 and Kv7.3. Therefore, these studies reveal a reward-specific reduction in SA behaviour and support the notion that Kv7 is a potential therapeutic target for human psychiatric diseases with dysfunctional reward circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban S. Urena
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Cody C. Diezel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Mauricio Serna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Grace Hala'ufia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Lisa Majuta
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Kara R. Barber
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Todd W. Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary ProgramUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction‐Center (CPA‐C)University of Arizona Health SciencesTucsonArizonaUSA
- The Center of Excellence in Addiction Studies (CEAS)University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Arthur C. Riegel
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary ProgramUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Comprehensive Pain and Addiction‐Center (CPA‐C)University of Arizona Health SciencesTucsonArizonaUSA
- The Center of Excellence in Addiction Studies (CEAS)University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- James C. Wyant College of Optical SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
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4
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Liu Y, Lu S, Yang J, Yang Y, Jiao L, Hu J, Li Y, Yang F, Pang Y, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Liu W, Shu P, Ge W, He Z, Peng X. Analysis of the aging-related biomarker in a nonhuman primate model using multilayer omics. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:639. [PMID: 38926642 PMCID: PMC11209966 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10556-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is a prominent risk factor for diverse diseases; therefore, an in-depth understanding of its physiological mechanisms is required. Nonhuman primates, which share the closest genetic relationship with humans, serve as an ideal model for exploring the complex aging process. However, the potential of the nonhuman primate animal model in the screening of human aging markers is still not fully exploited. Multiomics analysis of nonhuman primate peripheral blood offers a promising approach to evaluate new therapies and biomarkers. This study explores aging-related biomarker through multilayer omics, including transcriptomics (mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA) and proteomics (serum and serum-derived exosomes) in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). RESULTS Our findings reveal that, unlike mRNAs and circRNAs, highly expressed lncRNAs are abundant during the key aging period and are associated with cancer pathways. Comparative analysis highlighted exosomal proteins contain more types of proteins than serum proteins, indicating that serum-derived exosomes primarily regulate aging through metabolic pathways. Finally, eight candidate aging biomarkers were identified, which may serve as blood-based indicators for detecting age-related brain changes. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of nonhuman primate blood transcriptomes and proteomes, offering novel insights into the aging mechanisms for preventing or treating age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shuaiyao Lu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Li Jiao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Fengmei Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Yunli Pang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Yanpan Gao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Pengcheng Shu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhanlong He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650031, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650031, China.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100005, China.
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5
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Krüger J, Lerche H. Retigabine and gabapentin restore channel function and neuronal firing in a cellular model of an epilepsy-associated dominant-negative KCNQ5 variant. Neuropharmacology 2024; 250:109892. [PMID: 38428481 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
KCNQ5 encodes the voltage-gated potassium channel KV7.5, a member of the KV7 channel family, which conducts the M-current. This current is a potent regulator of neuronal excitability by regulating membrane potential in the subthreshold range of action potentials and mediating the medium and slow afterhyperpolarization. Recently, we have identified five loss-of-function variants in KCNQ5 in patients with genetic generalized epilepsy. Using the most severe dominant-negative variant (R359C), we set out to investigate pharmacological therapeutic intervention by KV7 channel openers on channel function and neuronal firing. Retigabine and gabapentin increased R359C-derived M-current amplitudes in HEK cells expressing homomeric or heteromeric mutant KV7.5 channels. Retigabine was most effective in restoring K+ currents. Ten μM retigabine was sufficient to reach the level of WT currents without retigabine, whereas 100 μM of gabapentin showed less than half of this effect and application of 50 μM ZnCl2 only significantly increased M-current amplitude in heteromeric channels. Overexpression of KV7.5-WT potently inhibited neuronal firing by increasing the M-current, whereas R359C overexpression had the opposite effect and additionally decreased the medium afterhyperpolarization current. Both aforementioned drugs and Zn2+ reversed the effect of R359C expression by reducing firing to nearly normal levels at high current injections. Our study shows that a dominant-negative variant with a complete loss-of-function in KV7.5 leads to largely increased neuronal firing which may explain a neuronal hyperexcitability in patients. KV7 channel openers, such as retigabine or gabapentin, could be treatment options for patients currently displaying pharmacoresistant epilepsy and carrying loss-of-function variants in KCNQ5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Krüger
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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6
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Wirthlin ME, Schmid TA, Elie JE, Zhang X, Kowalczyk A, Redlich R, Shvareva VA, Rakuljic A, Ji MB, Bhat NS, Kaplow IM, Schäffer DE, Lawler AJ, Wang AZ, Phan BN, Annaldasula S, Brown AR, Lu T, Lim BK, Azim E, Clark NL, Meyer WK, Pond SLK, Chikina M, Yartsev MM, Pfenning AR. Vocal learning-associated convergent evolution in mammalian proteins and regulatory elements. Science 2024; 383:eabn3263. [PMID: 38422184 PMCID: PMC11313673 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Vocal production learning ("vocal learning") is a convergently evolved trait in vertebrates. To identify brain genomic elements associated with mammalian vocal learning, we integrated genomic, anatomical, and neurophysiological data from the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with analyses of the genomes of 215 placental mammals. First, we identified a set of proteins evolving more slowly in vocal learners. Then, we discovered a vocal motor cortical region in the Egyptian fruit bat, an emergent vocal learner, and leveraged that knowledge to identify active cis-regulatory elements in the motor cortex of vocal learners. Machine learning methods applied to motor cortex open chromatin revealed 50 enhancers robustly associated with vocal learning whose activity tended to be lower in vocal learners. Our research implicates convergent losses of motor cortex regulatory elements in mammalian vocal learning evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E. Wirthlin
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Present address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27705
| | - Tobias A. Schmid
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Julie E. Elie
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Amanda Kowalczyk
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Present address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27705
| | - Ruby Redlich
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Varvara A. Shvareva
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Ashley Rakuljic
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Maria B. Ji
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Ninad S. Bhat
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Irene M. Kaplow
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Present address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27705
| | - Daniel E. Schäffer
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alyssa J. Lawler
- Present address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27705
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Andrew Z. Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - BaDoi N. Phan
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Present address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27705
| | - Siddharth Annaldasula
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ashley R. Brown
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Present address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; Durham, NC 27705
| | - Tianyu Lu
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Byung Kook Lim
- Neurobiology section, Division of Biological Science, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eiman Azim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies; La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan L. Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wynn K. Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University; Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | | | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael M. Yartsev
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Andreas R. Pfenning
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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7
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Tsvetkov D, Schleifenbaum J, Wang Y, Kassmann M, Polovitskaya MM, Ali M, Schütze S, Rothe M, Luft FC, Jentsch TJ, Gollasch M. KCNQ5 Controls Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Mediated Vasodilation. Hypertension 2024; 81:561-571. [PMID: 38354270 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small arteries exhibit resting tone, a partially contracted state that maintains arterial blood pressure. In arterial smooth muscle cells, potassium channels control contraction and relaxation. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been shown to exert anticontractile effects on the blood vessels. However, the mechanisms by which PVAT signals small arteries, and their relevance remain largely unknown. We aimed to uncover key molecular components in adipose-vascular coupling. METHODS A wide spectrum of genetic mouse models targeting Kcnq3, Kcnq4, and Kcnq5 genes (Kcnq3-/-, Kcnq4-/-, Kcnq5-/-, Kcnq5dn/dn, Kcnq4-/-/Kcnq5dn/dn, and Kcnq4-/-/Kcnq5-/-), telemetry blood pressure measurements, targeted lipidomics, RNA-Seq profiling, wire-myography, patch-clamp, and sharp-electrode membrane potential measurements was used. RESULTS We show that PVAT causes smooth muscle cell KV7.5 family of voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels to hyperpolarize the membrane potential. This effect relaxes small arteries and regulates blood pressure. Oxygenation of polyunsaturated fats generates oxylipins, a superclass of lipid mediators. We identified numerous oxylipins released by PVAT, which potentiate vasodilatory action in small arteries by opening smooth muscle cell KV7.5 family of voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a key molecular function of the KV7.5 family of voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels in the adipose-vascular coupling, translating PVAT signals, particularly oxylipins, to the central physiological function of vasoregulation. This novel pathway opens new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany (D.T., M.K., M.A., M.G.)
| | - Johanna Schleifenbaum
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.S.)
| | - Yibin Wang
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (Y.W., F.C.L.)
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany (D.T., M.K., M.A., M.G.)
| | - Maya M Polovitskaya
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (M.M.P., S.S., T.J.J.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (M.M.P., S.S., T.J.J.)
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany (D.T., M.K., M.A., M.G.)
| | - Sebastian Schütze
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (M.M.P., S.S., T.J.J.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (M.M.P., S.S., T.J.J.)
| | | | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (Y.W., F.C.L.)
| | - Thomas J Jentsch
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany (M.M.P., S.S., T.J.J.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (M.M.P., S.S., T.J.J.)
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (T.J.J.)
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany (D.T., M.K., M.A., M.G.)
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8
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Khan R, Chaturvedi P, Sahu P, Ludhiadch A, Singh P, Singh G, Munshi A. Role of Potassium Ion Channels in Epilepsy: Focus on Current Therapeutic Strategies. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:67-87. [PMID: 36578258 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666221227112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is one of the prevalent neurological disorders characterized by disrupted synchronization between inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Disturbed membrane potential due to abnormal regulation of neurotransmitters and ion transport across the neural cell membrane significantly contributes to the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Potassium ion channels (KCN) regulate the resting membrane potential and are involved in neuronal excitability. Genetic alterations in the potassium ion channels (KCN) have been reported to result in the enhancement of the release of neurotransmitters, the excitability of neurons, and abnormal rapid firing rate, which lead to epileptic phenotypes, making these ion channels a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy. The aim of this study is to explore the variations reported in different classes of potassium ion channels (KCN) in epilepsy patients, their functional evaluation, and therapeutic strategies to treat epilepsy targeting KCN. METHODOLOGY A review of all the relevant literature was carried out to compile this article. RESULTS A large number of variations have been reported in different genes encoding various classes of KCN. These genetic alterations in KCN have been shown to be responsible for disrupted firing properties of neurons. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the main therapeutic strategy to treat epilepsy. Some patients do not respond favorably to the AEDs treatment, resulting in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. CONCLUSION Further to address the challenges faced in treating epilepsy, recent approaches like optogenetics, chemogenetics, and genome editing, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), are emerging as target-specific therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Khan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Pragya Chaturvedi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Prachi Sahu
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Abhilash Ludhiadch
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Paramdeep Singh
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001 India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
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9
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Huang Y, Ma D, Yang Z, Zhao Y, Guo J. Voltage-gated potassium channels KCNQs: Structures, mechanisms, and modulations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 689:149218. [PMID: 37976835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
KCNQ (Kv7) channels are voltage-gated, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate- (PIP2-) modulated potassium channels that play essential roles in regulating the activity of neurons and cardiac myocytes. Hundreds of mutations in KCNQ channels are closely related to various cardiac and neurological disorders, such as long QT syndrome, epilepsy, and deafness, which makes KCNQ channels important drug targets. During the past several years, the application of single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) technique in the structure determination of KCNQ channels has greatly advanced our understanding of their molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the currently available structures of KCNQ channels, analyze their special voltage gating mechanism, and discuss their activation mechanisms by both the endogenous membrane lipid and the exogenous synthetic ligands. These structural studies of KCNQ channels will guide the development of drugs targeting KCNQ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Demin Ma
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhenni Yang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Jiangtao Guo
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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10
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Soto-Perez J, Cleary CM, Sobrinho CR, Mulkey SB, Carroll JL, Tzingounis AV, Mulkey DK. Phox2b-expressing neurons contribute to breathing problems in Kcnq2 loss- and gain-of-function encephalopathy models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8059. [PMID: 38052789 PMCID: PMC10698053 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss- and gain-of-function variants in the gene encoding KCNQ2 channels are a common cause of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, a condition characterized by seizures, developmental delays, breathing problems, and early mortality. To understand how KCNQ2 dysfunction impacts behavior in a mouse model, we focus on the control of breathing by neurons expressing the transcription factor Phox2b which includes respiratory neurons in the ventral parafacial region. We find Phox2b-expressing ventral parafacial neurons express Kcnq2 in the absence of other Kcnq isoforms, thus clarifying why disruption of Kcnq2 but not other channel isoforms results in breathing problems. We also find that Kcnq2 deletion or expression of a recurrent gain-of-function variant R201C in Phox2b-expressing neurons increases baseline breathing or decreases the central chemoreflex, respectively, in mice during the light/inactive state. These results uncover mechanisms underlying breathing abnormalities in KCNQ2 encephalopathy and highlight an unappreciated vulnerability of Phox2b-expressing ventral parafacial neurons to KCNQ2 pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Soto-Perez
- Dept of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - C M Cleary
- Dept of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - C R Sobrinho
- Dept of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - S B Mulkey
- Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children's National Hospital, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, The George Washington Univ. School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J L Carroll
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Univ. Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A V Tzingounis
- Dept of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - D K Mulkey
- Dept of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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11
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Cesaroni CA, Spagnoli C, Baga M, Rizzi S, Frattini D, Caraffi SG, Pollazzon M, Garavelli L, Fusco C. Expanding Phenotype of SYT1-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder: Case Report and Literature Review. Mol Syndromol 2023; 14:493-497. [PMID: 38058756 PMCID: PMC10697692 DOI: 10.1159/000530586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1), the predominant SYT isoform in the central nervous system, likely acts by promoting vesicle docking, deforming the plasma membrane via Ca2+-dependent membrane penetration. Case Presentation Here, we describe a 21-year-old woman harboring a novel variant in the SYT1 gene, who presents with a complex phenotype, featuring severe intellectual disability, absent speech, behavioral abnormalities, motor stereotypies, dystonic posturing of her hands, a hyperkinetic movement disorder in her childhood, infantile hypotonia, sialorrhea, mild dysmorphic features, epilepsy, peculiar EEG findings, and severe scoliosis. Discussion Based on our case and literature review on the 22 previously described patients, we can confirm a complex neurodevelopmental disorder in which, unlike other synaptopathies, epilepsy is present in a subset of cases (including our patient: 5/23, 22%), although characteristic EEG changes are far more common (10/23, 43.5%). Our patient's age allows us to provide long-term follow-up data and thus better delineate the SYT1-related clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Cesaroni
- Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Struttura Complessa di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, U.O.C. Neuropsichiatria dell’età pediatrica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Spagnoli
- Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Struttura Complessa di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Margherita Baga
- Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Struttura Complessa di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Susanna Rizzi
- Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Struttura Complessa di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Daniele Frattini
- Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Struttura Complessa di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giuseppe Caraffi
- Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Struttura Complessa di Genetica Medica, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Marzia Pollazzon
- Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Struttura Complessa di Genetica Medica, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Struttura Complessa di Genetica Medica, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Fusco
- Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Struttura Complessa di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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12
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Bortolami A, Sesti F. Ion channels in neurodevelopment: lessons from the Integrin-KCNB1 channel complex. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2365-2369. [PMID: 37282454 PMCID: PMC10360111 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels modulate cellular excitability by regulating ionic fluxes across biological membranes. Pathogenic mutations in ion channel genes give rise to epileptic disorders that are among the most frequent neurological diseases affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Epilepsies are triggered by an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory conductances. However, pathogenic mutations in the same allele can give rise to loss-of-function and/or gain-of-function variants, all able to trigger epilepsy. Furthermore, certain alleles are associated with brain malformations even in the absence of a clear electrical phenotype. This body of evidence argues that the underlying epileptogenic mechanisms of ion channels are more diverse than originally thought. Studies focusing on ion channels in prenatal cortical development have shed light on this apparent paradox. The picture that emerges is that ion channels play crucial roles in landmark neurodevelopmental processes, including neuronal migration, neurite outgrowth, and synapse formation. Thus, pathogenic channel mutants can not only cause epileptic disorders by altering excitability, but further, by inducing morphological and synaptic abnormalities that are initiated during neocortex formation and may persist into the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bortolami
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, West Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, West Piscataway, NJ, USA
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13
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Rockley K, Roberts R, Jennings H, Jones K, Davis M, Levesque P, Morton M. An integrated approach for early in vitro seizure prediction utilizing hiPSC neurons and human ion channel assays. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:126-140. [PMID: 37632788 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seizure liability remains a significant cause of attrition throughout drug development. Advances in stem cell biology coupled with an increased understanding of the role of ion channels in seizure offer an opportunity for a new paradigm in screening. We assessed the activity of 15 pro-seizurogenic compounds (7 CNS active therapies, 4 GABA receptor antagonists, and 4 other reported seizurogenic compounds) using automated electrophysiology against a panel of 14 ion channels (Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.6, Kv7.2/7.3, Kv7.3/7.5, Kv1.1, Kv4.2, KCa4.1, Kv2.1, Kv3.1, KCa1.1, GABA α1β2γ2, nicotinic α4β2, NMDA 1/2A). These were selected based on linkage to seizure in genetic/pharmacological studies. Fourteen compounds demonstrated at least one "hit" against the seizure panel and 11 compounds inhibited 2 or more ion channels. Next, we assessed the impact of the 15 compounds on electrical signaling using human-induced pluripotent stem cell neurons in microelectrode array (MEA). The CNS active therapies (amoxapine, bupropion, chlorpromazine, clozapine, diphenhydramine, paroxetine, quetiapine) all caused characteristic changes to electrical activity in key parameters indicative of seizure such as network burst frequency and duration. The GABA antagonist picrotoxin increased all parameters, but the antibiotics amoxicillin and enoxacin only showed minimal changes. Acetaminophen, included as a negative control, caused no changes in any of the parameters assessed. Overall, pro-seizurogenic compounds showed a distinct fingerprint in the ion channel/MEA panel. These studies highlight the potential utility of an integrated in vitro approach for early seizure prediction to provide mechanistic information and to support optimal drug design in early development, saving time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Roberts
- ApconiX, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
- Department of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 1TT, UK
| | | | | | - Myrtle Davis
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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14
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Jing J, Hu M, Ngodup T, Ma Q, Lau SNN, Ljungberg C, McGinley MJ, Trussell LO, Jiang X. Comprehensive analysis of cellular specializations that initiate parallel auditory processing pathways in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.15.539065. [PMID: 37293040 PMCID: PMC10245571 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.15.539065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cochlear nuclear complex (CN) is the starting point for all central auditory processing and comprises a suite of neuronal cell types that are highly specialized for neural coding of acoustic signals. To examine how their striking functional specializations are determined at the molecular level, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the mouse CN to molecularly define all constituent cell types and related them to morphologically- and electrophysiologically-defined neurons using Patch-seq. We reveal an expanded set of molecular cell types encompassing all previously described major types and discover new subtypes both in terms of topographic and cell-physiologic properties. Our results define a complete cell-type taxonomy in CN that reconciles anatomical position, morphological, physiological, and molecular criteria. This high-resolution account of cellular heterogeneity and specializations from the molecular to the circuit level illustrates molecular underpinnings of functional specializations and enables genetic dissection of auditory processing and hearing disorders with unprecedented specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhan Jing
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tenzin Ngodup
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shu-Ning Natalie Lau
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cecilia Ljungberg
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J. McGinley
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laurence O. Trussell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Manville RW, Hogenkamp D, Abbott GW. Ancient medicinal plant rosemary contains a highly efficacious and isoform-selective KCNQ potassium channel opener. Commun Biol 2023; 6:644. [PMID: 37322081 PMCID: PMC10272180 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels in the KCNQ subfamily serve essential roles in the nervous system, heart, muscle and epithelia. Different heteromeric KCNQ complexes likely serve distinct functions in the brain but heteromer subtype-specific small molecules for research or therapy are lacking. Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is an evergreen plant used medicinally for millennia for neurological and other disorders. Here, we report that rosemary extract is a highly efficacious opener of heteromeric KCNQ3/5 channels, with weak effects on KCNQ2/3. Using functional screening we find that carnosic acid, a phenolic diterpene from rosemary, is a potent, highly efficacious, PIP2 depletion-resistant KCNQ3 opener with lesser effects on KCNQ5 and none on KCNQ1 or KCNQ2. Carnosic acid is also highly selective for KCNQ3/5 over KCNQ2/3 heteromers. Medicinal chemistry, in silico docking, and mutagenesis reveal that carboxylate-guanidinium ionic bonding with an S4-5 linker arginine underlies the KCNQ3 opening proficiency of carnosic acid, the effects of which on KCNQ3/5 suggest unique therapeutic potential and a molecular basis for ancient neurotherapeutic use of rosemary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rían W Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Derk Hogenkamp
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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16
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Urena ES, Diezel CC, Serna M, Hala'ufia G, Majuta L, Barber KR, Vanderah TW, Riegel AC. K v 7 Channel Opener Retigabine Reduces Self-Administration of Cocaine but Not Sucrose in Rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.18.541208. [PMID: 37292619 PMCID: PMC10245780 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.541208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing rates of drug misuse highlight the urgency of identifying improved therapeutics for treatment. Most drug-seeking behaviors that can be modeled in rodents utilize the repeated intravenous self-administration (SA) of drugs. Recent studies examining the mesolimbic pathway suggest that K v 7/KCNQ channels may contribute in the transition from recreational to chronic drug use. However, to date, all such studies used noncontingent, experimenter-delivered drug model systems, and the extent to which this effect generalizes to rats trained to self-administer drug is not known. Here, we tested the ability of retigabine (ezogabine), a K v 7 channel opener, to regulate instrumental behavior in male Sprague Dawley rats. We first validated the ability of retigabine to target experimenter-delivered cocaine in a CPP assay and found that retigabine reduced the acquisition of place preference. Next, we trained rats for cocaine-SA under a fixed-ratio or progressive-ratio reinforcement schedule and found that retigabine-pretreatment attenuated the self-administration of low to moderate doses of cocaine. This was not observed in parallel experiments, with rats self-administering sucrose, a natural reward. Compared to sucrose-SA, cocaine-SA was associated with reductions in the expression of the K v 7.5 subunit in the nucleus accumbens, without alterations in K v 7.2 and K v 7.3. Therefore, these studies reveal a reward specific reduction in SA behavior considered relevant for the study of long-term compulsive-like behavior and supports the notion that K v 7 is a potential therapeutic target for human psychiatric diseases with dysfunctional reward circuitry.
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17
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Quint WH, Tadema KCD, Kokke NCCJ, Meester-Smoor MA, Miller AC, Willemsen R, Klaver CCW, Iglesias AI. Post-GWAS screening of candidate genes for refractive error in mutant zebrafish models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2017. [PMID: 36737489 PMCID: PMC9898536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have dissected numerous genetic factors underlying refractive errors (RE) such as myopia. Despite significant insights into understanding the genetic architecture of RE, few studies have validated and explored the functional role of candidate genes within these loci. To functionally follow-up on GWAS and characterize the potential role of candidate genes on the development of RE, we prioritized nine genes (TJP2, PDE11A, SHISA6, LAMA2, LRRC4C, KCNQ5, GNB3, RBFOX1, and GRIA4) based on biological and statistical evidence; and used CRISPR/cas9 to generate knock-out zebrafish mutants. These mutant fish were screened for abnormalities in axial length by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and refractive status by eccentric photorefraction at the juvenile (2 months) and adult (4 months) developmental stage. We found a significantly increased axial length and myopic shift in refractive status in three of our studied mutants, indicating a potential involvement of the human orthologs (LAMA2, LRRC4C, and KCNQ5) in myopia development. Further, in-situ hybridization studies showed that all three genes are expressed throughout the zebrafish retina. Our zebrafish models provide evidence of a functional role of these three genes in refractive error development and offer opportunities to elucidate pathways driving the retina-to-sclera signaling cascade that leads to myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim H Quint
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirke C D Tadema
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina C C J Kokke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam C Miller
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adriana I Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Dattilo V, Ulivi S, Minelli A, La Bianca M, Giacopuzzi E, Bortolomasi M, Bignotti S, Gennarelli M, Gasparini P, Concas MP. Genome-wide association studies on Northern Italy isolated populations provide further support concerning genetic susceptibility for major depressive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:135-148. [PMID: 35615967 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2082523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder with pathogenesis influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. To date, the molecular-level understanding of its aetiology remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to identify genetic variants and susceptibility genes for MDD with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of GWASs and a gene-based analysis on two Northern Italy isolated populations (cases/controls n = 166/472 and 33/320), followed by replication and polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses in Italian independent samples (cases n = 464, controls n = 339). RESULTS We identified two novel MDD-associated genes, KCNQ5 (lead SNP rs867262, p = 3.82 × 10-9) and CTNNA2 (rs6729523, p = 1.25 × 10-8). The gene-based analysis revealed another six genes (p < 2.703 × 10-6): GRM7, CTNT4, SNRK, SRGAP3, TRAPPC9, and FHIT. No replication of the genome-wide significant SNPs was found in the independent cohort, even if 14 SNPs around CTNNA2 showed association with MDD and related phenotypes at the nominal level of p (<0.05). Furthermore, the PRS model developed in the discovery cohort discriminated cases and controls in the replication cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests new possible genes associated with MDD, and the PRS analysis confirms the polygenic nature of this disorder. Future studies are required to better understand the role of these findings in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Dattilo
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sheila Ulivi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Martina La Bianca
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Giacopuzzi
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Stefano Bignotti
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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19
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Potassium channelopathies associated with epilepsy-related syndromes and directions for therapeutic intervention. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115413. [PMID: 36646291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A number of mutations to members of several CNS potassium (K) channel families have been identified which result in rare forms of neonatal onset epilepsy, or syndromes of which one prominent characteristic is a form of epilepsy. Benign Familial Neonatal Convulsions or Seizures (BFNC or BFNS), also referred to as Self-Limited Familial Neonatal Epilepsy (SeLNE), results from mutations in 2 members of the KV7 family (KCNQ) of K channels; while generally self-resolving by about 15 weeks of age, these mutations significantly increase the probability of generalized seizure disorders in the adult, in some cases they result in more severe developmental syndromes. Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures (EIMSF), or Migrating Partial Seizures of Infancy (MMPSI), is a rare severe form of epilepsy linked primarily to gain of function mutations in a member of the sodium-dependent K channel family, KCNT1 or SLACK. Finally, KCNMA1 channelopathies, including Liang-Wang syndrome (LIWAS), are rare combinations of neurological symptoms including seizure, movement abnormalities, delayed development and intellectual disabilities, with Liang-Wang syndrome an extremely serious polymalformative syndrome with a number of neurological sequelae including epilepsy. These are caused by mutations in the pore-forming subunit of the large-conductance calcium-activated K channel (BK channel) KCNMA1. The identification of these rare but significant channelopathies has resulted in a resurgence of interest in their treatment by direct pharmacological or genetic modulation. We will briefly review the genetics, biophysics and pharmacology of these K channels, their linkage with the 3 syndromes described above, and efforts to more effectively target these syndromes.
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20
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Krüger J, Schubert J, Kegele J, Labalme A, Mao M, Heighway J, Seebohm G, Yan P, Koko M, Aslan-Kara K, Caglayan H, Steinhoff BJ, Weber YG, Keo-Kosal P, Berkovic SF, Hildebrand MS, Petrou S, Krause R, May P, Lesca G, Maljevic S, Lerche H. Loss-of-function variants in the KCNQ5 gene are implicated in genetic generalized epilepsies. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104244. [PMID: 36088682 PMCID: PMC9471468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background De novo missense variants in KCNQ5, encoding the voltage-gated K+ channel KV7.5, have been described to cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) or intellectual disability (ID). We set out to identify disease-related KCNQ5 variants in genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) and their underlying mechanisms. Methods 1292 families with GGE were studied by next-generation sequencing. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, biotinylation and phospholipid overlay assays were performed in mammalian cells combined with homology modelling. Findings We identified three deleterious heterozygous missense variants, one truncation and one splice site alteration in five independent families with GGE with predominant absence seizures; two variants were also associated with mild to moderate ID. All missense variants displayed a strongly decreased current density indicating a loss-of-function (LOF). When mutant channels were co-expressed with wild-type (WT) KV7.5 or KV7.5 and KV7.3 channels, three variants also revealed a significant dominant-negative effect on WT channels. Other gating parameters were unchanged. Biotinylation assays indicated a normal surface expression of the variants. The R359C variant altered PI(4,5)P2-interaction. Interpretation Our study identified deleterious KCNQ5 variants in GGE, partially combined with mild to moderate ID. The disease mechanism is a LOF partially with dominant-negative effects through functional deficits. LOF of KV7.5 channels will reduce the M-current, likely resulting in increased excitability of KV7.5-expressing neurons. Further studies on network level are necessary to understand which circuits are affected and how this induces generalized seizures. Funding DFG/FNR Research Unit FOR-2715 (Germany/Luxemburg), BMBF rare disease network Treat-ION (Germany), foundation ‘no epilep’ (Germany).
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21
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Bauer CK, Holling T, Horn D, Laço MN, Abdalla E, Omar OM, Alawi M, Kutsche K. Clinically Relevant KCNQ1 Variants Causing KCNQ1-KCNE2 Gain-of-Function Affect the Ca2+ Sensitivity of the Channel. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179690. [PMID: 36077086 PMCID: PMC9456291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant KCNQ1 variants are well-known for underlying cardiac arrhythmia syndromes. The two heterozygous KCNQ1 missense variants, R116L and P369L, cause an allelic disorder characterized by pituitary hormone deficiency and maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis. Increased K+ conductance upon co-expression of KCNQ1 mutant channels with the beta subunit KCNE2 is suggested to underlie the phenotype; however, the reason for KCNQ1-KCNE2 (Q1E2) channel gain-of-function is unknown. We aimed to discover the genetic defect in a single individual and three family members with gingival overgrowth and identified the KCNQ1 variants P369L and V185M, respectively. Patch-clamp experiments demonstrated increased constitutive K+ conductance of V185M-Q1E2 channels, confirming the pathogenicity of the novel variant. To gain insight into the pathomechanism, we examined all three disease-causing KCNQ1 mutants. Manipulation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration prior to and during whole-cell recordings identified an impaired Ca2+ sensitivity of the mutant KCNQ1 channels. With low Ca2+, wild-type KCNQ1 currents were efficiently reduced and exhibited a pre-pulse-dependent cross-over of current traces and a high-voltage-activated component. These features were absent in mutant KCNQ1 channels and in wild-type channels co-expressed with calmodulin and exposed to high intracellular Ca2+. Moreover, co-expression of calmodulin with wild-type Q1E2 channels and loading the cells with high Ca2+ drastically increased Q1E2 current amplitudes, suggesting that KCNE2 normally limits the resting Q1E2 conductance by an increased demand for calcified calmodulin to achieve effective channel opening. Our data link impaired Ca2+ sensitivity of the KCNQ1 mutants R116L, V185M and P369L to Q1E2 gain-of-function that is associated with a particular KCNQ1 channelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane K. Bauer
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Tess Holling
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Department of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mário Nôro Laço
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ebtesam Abdalla
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5422031, Egypt
- Genetics Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo 4460015, Egypt
| | - Omneya Magdy Omar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5422031, Egypt
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Machida O, Shimojima KY, Shiihara T, Akamine S, Kira R, Hasegawa Y, Nishi E, Okamoto N, Nagata S, Yamamoto T. Interstitial deletions in the proximal regions of 6q: 12 original cases and a literature review. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2022; 11:143-148. [PMID: 36200032 PMCID: PMC9438003 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2022.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial microdeletions in the proximal region of the long arm of chromosome 6 are rare. Herein we have reported 12 patients with developmental delays associated with interstitial microdeletions in 6q ranging from q12 to q22. The microdeletions were detected by chromosomal microarray testing. To confirm the clinical significance of these deletions, genotype-phenotype correlation analysis was performed using genetic and predicted loss-of-function data. SIM1 was recognized as the gene responsible for developmental delay, particularly in Prader-Willi syndrome-like phenotypes. Other genes possibly related to developmental delay were ZNF292, PHIP, KCNQ5, and NUS1. To further establish the correlation between the genotype and phenotype, more patient information is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Machida
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Division of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto Shimojima
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Processing, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiihara
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akamine
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kira
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuiko Hasegawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Eriko Nishi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Division of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Address correspondence to:Toshiyuki Yamamoto, Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ward, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan. E-mail:
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23
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Wei AD, Wakenight P, Zwingman TA, Bard AM, Sahai N, Willemsen MH, Schelhaas HJ, Stegmann APA, Verhoeven JS, de Man SA, Wessels MW, Kleefstra T, Shinde DN, Helbig KL, Basinger A, Wagner VF, Rodriguez-Buritica D, Bryant E, Millichap JJ, Millen KJ, Dobyns WB, Ramirez JM, Kalume FK. Human KCNQ5 de novo mutations underlie epilepsy and intellectual disability. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:40-61. [PMID: 35583973 PMCID: PMC9236882 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00509.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified six novel de novo human KCNQ5 variants in children with motor/language delay, intellectual disability (ID), and/or epilepsy by whole exome sequencing. These variants, comprising two nonsense and four missense alterations, were functionally characterized by electrophysiology in HEK293/CHO cells, together with four previously reported KCNQ5 missense variants (Lehman A, Thouta S, Mancini GM, Naidu S, van Slegtenhorst M, McWalter K, Person R, Mwenifumbo J, Salvarinova R; CAUSES Study; EPGEN Study; Guella I, McKenzie MB, Datta A, Connolly MB, Kalkhoran SM, Poburko D, Friedman JM, Farrer MJ, Demos M, Desai S, Claydon T. Am J Hum Genet 101: 65-74, 2017). Surprisingly, all eight missense variants resulted in gain of function (GOF) due to hyperpolarized voltage dependence of activation or slowed deactivation kinetics, whereas the two nonsense variants were confirmed to be loss of function (LOF). One severe GOF allele (P369T) was tested and found to extend a dominant GOF effect to heteromeric KCNQ5/3 channels. Clinical presentations were associated with altered KCNQ5 channel gating: milder presentations with LOF or smaller GOF shifts in voltage dependence [change in voltage at half-maximal conduction (ΔV50) = ∼-15 mV] and severe presentations with larger GOF shifts in voltage dependence (ΔV50 = ∼-30 mV). To examine LOF pathogenicity, two Kcnq5 LOF mouse lines were created with CRISPR/Cas9. Both lines exhibited handling- and thermal-induced seizures and abnormal cortical EEGs consistent with epileptiform activity. Our study thus provides evidence for in vivo KCNQ5 LOF pathogenicity and strengthens the contribution of both LOF and GOF mutations to global pediatric neurological impairment, including ID/epilepsy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Six novel de novo human KCNQ5 variants were identified from children with neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or epilepsy. Expression of these variants along with four previously reported KCNQ5 variants from a similar cohort revealed GOF potassium channels, negatively shifted in V50 of activation and/or delayed deactivation kinetics. GOF is extended to KCNQ5/3 heteromeric channels, making these the predominant channels affected in heterozygous de novo patients. Kcnq5 LOF mice exhibited seizures, consistent with in vivo pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aguan D Wei
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul Wakenight
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Theresa A Zwingman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Angela M Bard
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nikhil Sahai
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marjolein H Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Helenius J Schelhaas
- Department of Neurology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P A Stegmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith S Verhoeven
- Department of Neurology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Stella A de Man
- Department of Pediatrics, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja W Wessels
- Department of Human Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katherine L Helbig
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alice Basinger
- Medical Genetics, Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Victoria F Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Emily Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John J Millichap
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Epilepsy Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jan-Marino Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Franck K Kalume
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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24
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Krgovic D, Gorenjak M, Rihar N, Opalic I, Stangler Herodez S, Gregoric Kumperscak H, Dovc P, Kokalj Vokac N. Impaired Neurodevelopmental Genes in Slovenian Autistic Children Elucidate the Comorbidity of Autism With Other Developmental Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:912671. [PMID: 35813072 PMCID: PMC9259896 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.912671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a phenotypically heterogeneous group of patients that strongly intertwine with other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), with genetics playing a significant role in their etiology. Whole exome sequencing (WES) has become predominant in molecular diagnostics for ASD by considerably increasing the diagnostic yield. However, the proportion of undiagnosed patients still remains high due to complex clinical presentation, reduced penetrance, and lack of segregation analysis or clinical information. Thus, reverse phenotyping, where we first identified a possible genetic cause and then determine its clinical relevance, has been shown to be a more efficient approach. WES was performed on 147 Slovenian pediatric patients with suspected ASD. Data analysis was focused on identifying ultrarare or “single event” variants in ASD-associated genes and further expanded to NDD-associated genes. Protein function and gene prioritization were performed on detected clinically relevant variants to determine their role in ASD etiology and phenotype. Reverse phenotyping revealed a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in ASD-associated genes in 20.4% of patients, with subsequent segregation analysis indicating that 14 were de novo variants and 1 was presumed compound heterozygous. The diagnostic yield was further increased by 2.7% by the analysis of ultrarare or “single event” variants in all NDD-associated genes. Protein function analysis established that genes in which variants of unknown significance (VUS) were detected were predominantly the cause of intellectual disability (ID), and in most cases, features of ASD as well. Using such an approach, variants in rarely described ASD-associated genes, such as SIN3B, NR4A2, and GRIA1, were detected. By expanding the analysis to include functionally similar NDD genes, variants in KCNK9, GNE, and other genes were identified. These would probably have been missed by classic genotype–phenotype analysis. Our study thus demonstrates that in patients with ASD, analysis of ultrarare or “single event” variants obtained using WES with the inclusion of functionally similar genes and reverse phenotyping obtained a higher diagnostic yield despite limited clinical data. The present study also demonstrates that most of the causative genes in our cohort were involved in the syndromic form of ASD and confirms their comorbidity with other developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Krgovic
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Danijela Krgovic,
| | - Mario Gorenjak
- Centre for Human Molecular Genetics, and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nika Rihar
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iva Opalic
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Spela Stangler Herodez
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Peter Dovc
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nadja Kokalj Vokac
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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25
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Saida K, Chong PF, Yamaguchi A, Saito N, Ikehara H, Koshimizu E, Miyata R, Ishiko A, Nakamura K, Ohnishi H, Fujioka K, Sakakibara T, Asada H, Ogawa K, Kudo K, Ohashi E, Kawai M, Abe Y, Tsuchida N, Uchiyama Y, Hamanaka K, Fujita A, Mizuguchi T, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Kato M, Kira R, Matsumoto N. Monogenic causes of pigmentary mosaicism. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1771-1784. [PMID: 35503477 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pigmentary mosaicism of the Ito type, also known as hypomelanosis of Ito, is a neurocutaneous syndrome considered to be predominantly caused by somatic chromosomal mosaicism. However, a few monogenic causes of pigmentary mosaicism have been recently reported. Eleven unrelated individuals with pigmentary mosaicism (mostly hypopigmented skin) were recruited for this study. Skin punch biopsies of the probands and trio-based blood samples (from probands and both biological parents) were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed by exome sequencing. In all patients, plausible monogenic causes were detected with somatic and germline variants identified in five and six patients, respectively. Among the somatic variants, four patients had MTOR variant (36%) and another had an RHOA variant. De novo germline variants in USP9X, TFE3, and KCNQ5 were detected in two, one, and one patients, respectively. A maternally inherited PHF6 variant was detected in one patient with hyperpigmented skin. Compound heterozygous GTF3C5 variants were highlighted as strong candidates in the remaining patient. Exome sequencing, using patients' blood and skin samples is highly recommended as the first choice for detecting causative genetic variants of pigmentary mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Saida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Pin Fee Chong
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asuka Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo-Kita Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naka Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hajime Ikehara
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Rie Miyata
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo-Kita Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ishiko
- Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kei Fujioka
- Center of General Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sakakibara
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideo Asada
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kudo
- Department of Dermatology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eri Ohashi
- Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Kawai
- Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Abe
- Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsuchida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kira
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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Gain of function due to increased opening probability by two KCNQ5 pore variants causing developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116887119. [PMID: 35377796 PMCID: PMC9169635 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116887119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in genes encoding neuronally expressed potassium channel subunits are frequent causes of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). Characterization of their functional consequences is critical to confirm diagnosis, assess prognosis, and implement personalized treatments. In the present work, we describe two patients carrying variants in KCNQ5, a gene very recently and rarely found involved in DEEs, and reveal that they both cause remarkable gain-of-function consequences on channel activity. A PIP2-independent increase in open probability, without effects on membrane abundance or single-channel conductance, was responsible for the observed mutation-induced functional changes, thus revealing a pathomolecular disease mechanism for DEEs. Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by refractory epilepsy, distinct electroencephalographic and neuroradiological features, and various degrees of developmental delay. Mutations in KCNQ2, KCNQ3, and, more rarely, KCNQ5 genes encoding voltage-gated potassium channel subunits variably contributing to excitability control of specific neuronal populations at distinct developmental stages have been associated to DEEs. In the present work, the clinical features of two DEE patients carrying de novo KCNQ5 variants affecting the same residue in the pore region of the Kv7.5 subunit (G347S/A) are described. The in vitro functional properties of channels incorporating these variants were investigated with electrophysiological and biochemical techniques to highlight pathophysiological disease mechanisms. Currents carried by Kv7.5 G347 S/A channels displayed: 1) large (>10 times) increases in maximal current density, 2) the occurrence of a voltage-independent component, 3) slower deactivation kinetics, and 4) hyperpolarization shift in activation. All these functional features are consistent with a gain-of-function (GoF) pathogenetic mechanism. Similar functional changes were also observed when the same variants were introduced at the corresponding position in Kv7.2 subunits. Nonstationary noise analysis revealed that GoF effects observed for both Kv7.2 and Kv7.5 variants were mainly attributable to an increase in single-channel open probability, without changes in membrane abundance or single-channel conductance. The mutation-induced increase in channel opening probability was insensitive to manipulation of membrane levels of the critical Kv7 channel regulator PIP2. These results reveal a pathophysiological mechanism for KCNQ5-related DEEs, which might be exploited to implement personalized treatments.
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Lo J, Forst AL, Warth R, Zdebik AA. EAST/SeSAME Syndrome and Beyond: The Spectrum of Kir4.1- and Kir5.1-Associated Channelopathies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:852674. [PMID: 35370765 PMCID: PMC8965613 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.852674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, two groups independently linked human mutations in the inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1 (gene name KCNJ10) to a syndrome affecting the central nervous system (CNS), hearing, and renal tubular salt reabsorption. The autosomal recessive syndrome has been named EAST (epilepsy, ataxia, sensorineural deafness, and renal tubulopathy) or SeSAME syndrome (seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, intellectual disability, and electrolyte imbalance), accordingly. Renal dysfunction in EAST/SeSAME patients results in loss of Na+, K+, and Mg2+ with urine, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis. Kir4.1 is highly expressed in affected organs: the CNS, inner ear, and kidney. In the kidney, it mostly forms heteromeric channels with Kir5.1 (KCNJ16). Biallelic loss-of-function mutations of Kir5.1 can also have disease significance, but the clinical symptoms differ substantially from those of EAST/SeSAME syndrome: although sensorineural hearing loss and hypokalemia are replicated, there is no alkalosis, but rather acidosis of variable severity; in contrast to EAST/SeSAME syndrome, the CNS is unaffected. This review provides a framework for understanding some of these differences and will guide the reader through the growing literature on Kir4.1 and Kir5.1, discussing the complex disease mechanisms and the variable expression of disease symptoms from a molecular and systems physiology perspective. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of these diseases and their multifaceted clinical spectrum is an important prerequisite for making the correct diagnosis and forms the basis for personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky Lo
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna-Lena Forst
- Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Warth
- Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anselm A. Zdebik
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Abstract
Since prehistory, human species have depended on plants for both food and medicine. Even in countries with ready access to modern medicines, alternative treatments are still highly regarded and commonly used. Unlike modern pharmaceuticals, many botanical medicines are in widespread use despite a lack of safety and efficacy data derived from controlled clinical trials and often unclear mechanisms of action. Contributing to this are the complex and undefined composition and likely multifactorial mechanisms of action and multiple targets of many botanical medicines. Here, we review the newfound importance of the ubiquitous KCNQ subfamily of voltage-gated potassium channels as targets for botanical medicines, including basil, capers, cilantro, lavender, fennel, chamomile, ginger, and Camellia, Sophora, and Mallotus species. We discuss the implications for the traditional use of these plants for disorders such as seizures, hypertension, and diabetes and the molecular mechanisms of plant secondary metabolite effects on KCNQ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E Redford
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
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29
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Zheng Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Dong S, Wang F, Wang S, Li GL, Shu Y, Xu F. Structural insights into the lipid and ligand regulation of a human neuronal KCNQ channel. Neuron 2021; 110:237-247.e4. [PMID: 34767770 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The KCNQ family (KCNQ1-KCNQ5) of voltage-gated potassium channels plays critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes. It is known that the channel opening of all KCNQs relies on the signaling lipid molecule phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). However, the molecular mechanism of PIP2 in modulating the opening of the four neuronal KCNQ channels (KCNQ2-KCNQ5), which are essential for regulating neuronal excitability, remains largely elusive. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human KCNQ4 determined in complex with the activator ML213 in the absence or presence of PIP2. Two PIP2 molecules are identified in the open-state structure of KCNQ4, which act as a bridge to couple the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) and pore domain (PD) of KCNQ4 leading to the channel opening. Our findings reveal the binding sites and activation mechanisms of ML213 and PIP2 for neuronal KCNQ channels, providing a framework for therapeutic intervention targeting on these important channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shaowei Dong
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Geng-Lin Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yilai Shu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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30
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Royer-Bertrand B, Jequier Gygax M, Cisarova K, Rosenfeld JA, Bassetti JA, Moldovan O, O’Heir E, Burrage LC, Allen J, Emrick LT, Eastman E, Kumps C, Abbas S, Van Winckel G, Chabane N, Zackai EH, Lebon S, Keena B, Bhoj EJ, Umair M, Li D, Donald KA, Superti-Furga A. De novo variants in CACNA1E found in patients with intellectual disability, developmental regression and social cognition deficit but no seizures. Mol Autism 2021; 12:69. [PMID: 34702355 PMCID: PMC8547031 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND De novo variants in the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit α1 E gene (CACNA1E) have been described as causative of epileptic encephalopathy with contractures, macrocephaly and dyskinesias. METHODS Following the observation of an index patient with developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without seizures who had a de novo deleterious CACNA1E variant, we screened GeneMatcher for other individuals with CACNA1E variants and neurodevelopmental phenotypes without epilepsy. The spectrum of pathogenic CACNA1E variants was compared to the mutational landscape of variants in the gnomAD control population database. RESULTS We identified seven unrelated individuals with intellectual disability, developmental regression and ASD-like behavioral profile, and notably without epilepsy, who had de novo heterozygous putatively pathogenic variants in CACNA1E. Age of onset of clinical manifestation, presence or absence of regression and degree of severity were variable, and no clear-cut genotype-phenotype association could be recognized. The analysis of disease-associated variants and their comparison to benign variants from the control population allowed for the identification of regions in the CACNA1E protein that seem to be intolerant to substitutions and thus more likely to harbor pathogenic variants. As in a few reported cases with CACNA1E variants and epilepsy, one patient showed a positive clinical behavioral response to topiramate, a specific calcium channel modulator. LIMITATIONS The significance of our study is limited by the absence of functional experiments of the effect of identified variants, the small sample size and the lack of systematic ASD assessment in all participants. Moreover, topiramate was given to one patient only and for a short period of time. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CACNA1E variants may result in neurodevelopmental disorders without epilepsy and expand the mutational and phenotypic spectrum of this gene. CACNA1E deserves to be included in gene panels for non-specific developmental disorders, including ASD, and not limited to patients with seizures, to improve diagnostic recognition and explore the possible efficacy of topiramate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beryl Royer-Bertrand
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine Jequier Gygax
- Division of Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katarina Cisarova
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jennifer A. Bassetti
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Oana Moldovan
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emily O’Heir
- Center for Mendelian Genomics and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Lindsay C. Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jake Allen
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Lisa T. Emrick
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Emma Eastman
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Camille Kumps
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Safdar Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Geraldine Van Winckel
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Undiagnosed Diseases Network
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Mendelian Genomics and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Unit of Paediatric Neurology and Pediatric Neurorehabiliation, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nadia Chabane
- Division of Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elaine H. Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Sebastien Lebon
- Unit of Paediatric Neurology and Pediatric Neurorehabiliation, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beth Keena
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Bhoj
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kirsten A. Donald
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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PIP 2-dependent coupling of voltage sensor and pore domains in K v7.2 channel. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1189. [PMID: 34650221 PMCID: PMC8517023 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is a signaling lipid which regulates voltage-gated Kv7/KCNQ potassium channels. Altered PIP2 sensitivity of neuronal Kv7.2 channel is involved in KCNQ2 epileptic encephalopathy. However, the molecular action of PIP2 on Kv7.2 gating remains largely elusive. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations and electrophysiology to characterize PIP2 binding sites in a human Kv7.2 channel. In the closed state, PIP2 localizes to the periphery of the voltage-sensing domain (VSD). In the open state, PIP2 binds to 4 distinct interfaces formed by the cytoplasmic ends of the VSD, the gate, intracellular helices A and B and their linkers. PIP2 binding induces bilayer-interacting conformation of helices A and B and the correlated motion of the VSD and the pore domain, whereas charge-neutralizing mutations block this coupling and reduce PIP2 sensitivity of Kv7.2 channels by disrupting PIP2 binding. These findings reveal the allosteric role of PIP2 in Kv7.2 channel activation. Pant et al. describe the mechanism by which PIP2 might regulate homomeric Kv7.2 channels. They identify sites important in the binding of the PIP2 lipid to Kv7.2 channels and propose that the PIP2 binding to a specific site results in the coupling between the voltage sensor domain (VSD) and pore domain (PD), which stabilizes the open state of the channel.
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32
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Park S. Association between polygenetic risk scores related to sarcopenia risk and their interactions with regular exercise in a large cohort of Korean adults. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5355-5364. [PMID: 34560606 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenia elevates metabolic disorders in the elderly, and genetic and environmental factors influence the risk of sarcopenia. The purpose of the study was to examine the hypothesis that polygenetic variants for sarcopenic risk had interactions with metabolic disorders and lifestyles associated with sarcopenia risk in adults >50 years in a large urban hospital cohort. METHODS Sarcopenia was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body weight (SMI) < 29.0% for men and <22.8% for women estimated from participants aged 18-39 years in the KNHANES 2009-2010. Genetic variants were selected using a genome-wide association study for sarcopenia (sarcopenia, n = 1368; control, n = 15,472). The best model showing the gene-gene interactions was selected using a generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction. The polygenic risk scores (PRS) were generated by summing the selected SNP risk alleles in the best model. RESULTS SMI was much higher in the control subjects than the sarcopenia subjects in both genders, and the fat mass index was opposite the SMI. The five-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) model included FADS2_rs97384, MYO10_rs31574 KCNQ5_rs6453647, DOCK5_rs11135857, and LRP1B_ rs74659977. Sarcopenia risk was positively associated with the PRS of the five-SNP model (ORs = 1.977, 95% CI = 1.634-2.393). The PRS interacted with age (P < 0.0001), metabolic syndrome (P = 0.01), grip strength (P = 0.007), and serum total cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.005) for the sarcopenia risk. There were no interactions of PRS with the lifestyle components except for exercise. CONCLUSION The genetic impact may be offset in the elderly, having metabolic syndrome, high serum total cholesterol concentrations, and high grip strength, but only exercise in the lifestyle factors can overcome the genetic effect. Middle-aged and elderly participants with a genetic risk for sarcopenia may require regular exercise to maintain high grip strength and prevent metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
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33
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Abstract
The presence of unprovoked, recurrent seizures, particularly when drug resistant and associated with cognitive and behavioral deficits, warrants investigation for an underlying genetic cause. This article provides an overview of the major classes of genes associated with epilepsy phenotypes divided into functional categories along with the recommended work-up and therapeutic considerations. Gene discovery in epilepsy supports counseling and anticipatory guidance but also opens the door for precision medicine guiding therapy with a focus on those with disease-modifying effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Drive, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Chen Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Drive, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Lloyd Holder
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Drive, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anne E Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Drive, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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34
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New avenues in molecular genetics for the diagnosis and application of therapeutics to the epilepsies. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:106428. [PMID: 31400936 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic epidemiology studies have shown that most epilepsies involve some genetic cause. In addition, twin studies have helped strengthen the hypothesis that in most patients with epilepsy, a complex inheritance is involved. More recently, with the development of high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, the discovery of genes related to the epilepsies has accelerated tremendously. Especially, the use of whole exome sequencing (WES) has had a considerable impact on the identification of rare genetic variants with large effect sizes, including inherited or de novo mutations in severe forms of childhood epilepsies. The identification of pathogenic variants in patients with these childhood epilepsies provides many benefits for patients and families, such as the confirmation of the genetic nature of the diseases. This process will allow for better genetic counseling, more accurate therapy decisions, and a significant positive emotional impact. However, to study the genetic component of the more common forms of epilepsy, the use of high-density SNP arrays in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) seems to be the strategy of choice. As such, researchers can identify loci containing genetic variants associated with the common forms of epilepsy. The knowledge generated over the past two decades about the effects of the mutations that cause the monogenic epilepsy is tremendous; however, the scientific community is just starting to apply this information in order to generate better target treatments.
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35
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van Karnebeek CD, Blydt-Hansen I, Matthews AM, Avramovic V, Price M, Drogemoller B, Shyr C, Lee J, Mwenifumbo J, Ghani A, Stockler S, Friedman JM, Lehman A, Ross CJ, Wasserman WW, Tarailo-Graovac M, Horvath GA. Secondary biogenic amine deficiencies: genetic etiology, therapeutic interventions, and clinical effects. Neurogenetics 2021; 22:251-262. [PMID: 34213677 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-021-00652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitter disorders present predominantly with neurologic features, including dystonic or dyskinetic cerebral palsy and movement disorders. Genetic conditions that lead to secondary defects in the synthesis, catabolism, transport, and metabolism of biogenic amines can lead to neurotransmitter abnormalities, which can present with similar features. Eleven patients with secondary neurotransmitter abnormalities were enrolled between 2011 and 2015. All patients underwent research-based whole exome and/or whole genome sequencing (WES/WGS). A trial of treatment with levodopa/carbidopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan was initiated. In six families with abnormal neurotransmitter profiles and neurological phenotypes, variants in known disease-causing genes (KCNJ6, SCN2A, CSTB in 2 siblings, NRNX1, KIF1A and PAK3) were identified, while one patient had a variant of uncertain significance in a candidate gene (DLG4) that may explain her phenotype. In 3 patients, no compelling candidate genes were identified. A trial of neurotransmitter replacement therapy led to improvement in motor and behavioral symptoms in all but two patients. The patient with KCNJ6 variant did not respond to L-dopa therapy, but rather experienced increased dyskinetic movements even at low dose of medication. The patient's symptoms harboring the NRNX1 deletion remained unaltered. This study demonstrates the utility of genome-wide sequencing in further understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of neurometabolic conditions, and the potential of secondary neurotransmitter deficiencies to serve as novel therapeutic targets. As there was a largely favorable response to therapy in our case series, a careful trial of neurotransmitter replacement therapy should be considered in patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamines below reference range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara D van Karnebeek
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases', Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Allison M Matthews
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vladimir Avramovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Magda Price
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Casper Shyr
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Lee
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jill Mwenifumbo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aisha Ghani
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sylvia Stockler
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jan M Friedman
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Adult Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Colin J Ross
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wyeth W Wasserman
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maja Tarailo-Graovac
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Gabriella A Horvath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Adult Metabolic Diseases Clinic, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada. .,Biochemical Genetics, BC Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada.
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36
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Ritter DM, Horn PS, Holland KD. In Silico Predictions of KCNQ Variant Pathogenicity in Epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol 2021; 118:48-54. [PMID: 33784504 PMCID: PMC8076079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 may cause benign neonatal familial seizures and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Previous reports suggest that in silico models cannot predict pathogenicity accurately enough for clinical use. Here we sought to establish a model to accurately predict the pathogenicity of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 missense variants based on available in silico prediction models. METHODS ClinVar and gnomAD databases of reported KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 missense variants in patients with neonatal epilepsy were accessed and classified as benign, pathogenic, or of uncertain significance. Sensitivity, specificity, and classification accuracy for prediction of pathogenicity were determined and compared for 10 widely used prediction algorithms program. A mathematical model of the variants (KCNQ Index) was created using their amino acid location and prediction algorithm scores to improve prediction accuracy. RESULTS Using clinically characterized variants, the free online tool PROVEAN accurately predicted pathogenicity 92% of the time and the KCNQ Index had an accuracy of 96%. However, when including the gnomAD database as benign variants, only the KCNQ Index was able to predict pathogenicity with an accuracy greater than 90% (sensitivity = 93% and specificity = 98%). No model could accurately predict the phenotype of variants. CONCLUSION We show that KCNQ channel variant pathogenicity can be predicted by a novel KCNQ Index in neonatal epilepsy. However, more work is needed to accurately predict the patient's epilepsy phenotype from in silico algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ritter
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Paul S Horn
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Katherine D Holland
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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37
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Borgini M, Mondal P, Liu R, Wipf P. Chemical modulation of Kv7 potassium channels. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:483-537. [PMID: 34046626 PMCID: PMC8128042 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00328j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising interest in Kv7 modulators originates from their ability to evoke fundamental electrophysiological perturbations in a tissue-specific manner. A large number of therapeutic applications are, in part, based on the clinical experience with two broad-spectrum Kv7 agonists, flupirtine and retigabine. Since precise molecular structures of human Kv7 channel subtypes in closed and open states have only very recently started to emerge, computational studies have traditionally been used to analyze binding modes and direct the development of more potent and selective Kv7 modulators with improved safety profiles. Herein, the synthetic and medicinal chemistry of small molecule modulators and the representative biological properties are summarized. Furthermore, new therapeutic applications supported by in vitro and in vivo assay data are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Borgini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Pravat Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Ruiting Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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38
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Li Q, Liang P, Wang S, Li W, Wang J, Yang Y, An X, Chen J, Zha D. A novel KCNQ4 gene variant (c.857A>G; p.Tyr286Cys) in an extended family with non‑syndromic deafness 2A. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:420. [PMID: 33846771 PMCID: PMC8025472 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deafness is one of the most common sensory disorders found in humans; notably, >60% of all cases of deafness have been attributed to genetic factors. Variants in potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 4 (KCNQ4) are etiologically linked to a type of progressive hearing loss, deafness non-syndromic autosomal dominant 2A (DFNA2A). In the present study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on three members of a five-generation Chinese family with 46 members with hearing loss. Pure tone audiometry and Sanger sequencing were performed for 11 family members to determine whether the novel variant in the KCNQ4 gene was segregated with the affected family members. In addition, evolutionary conservation analysis and computational tertiary structure protein prediction of the wild-type KCNQ4 protein and its variant were performed. The family exhibited autosomal dominant, progressive, post-lingual, non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. A novel co-segregating heterozygous missense variant (c.857A>G; p.Tyr286Cys) in the glycine-tyrosine-glycine signature sequence in the pore region of the KCNQ4 channel was identified. This variant was predicted to result in a tyrosine-to-cysteine substitution at position 286 in the KCNQ4 protein. The tyrosine at position 286 is well conserved across different species. The substitution of tyrosine with cysteine would affect the structure of the pore region, resulting in the loss of channel function. The KCNQ4 gene is one of the most common mutated genes observed in patients with autosomal dominant, non-syndromic hearing loss. Taken together, for the family analyzed in the present study, performing WES in conjunction with Sanger sequencing has led to the detection of a novel, potentially causative variant (c.857 A>G; p.Tyr286Cys) in exon 6 of the KCNQ4 gene. The present study has added to the number of pathogenic variants observed in the KCNQ4 gene, and the findings may prove to be useful for both the diagnosis of DFNA2A and in the design of early interventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang An
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Dingjun Zha
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Springer K, Varghese N, Tzingounis AV. Flexible Stoichiometry: Implications for KCNQ2- and KCNQ3-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Dev Neurosci 2021; 43:191-200. [PMID: 33794528 PMCID: PMC8440324 DOI: 10.1159/000515495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 pathogenic channel variants have been associated with a spectrum of developmentally regulated diseases that vary in age of onset, severity, and whether it is transient (i.e., benign familial neonatal seizures) or long-lasting (i.e., developmental and epileptic encephalopathy). KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channels have also emerged as a target for novel antiepileptic drugs as their activation could reduce epileptic activity. Consequently, a great effort has taken place over the last 2 decades to understand the mechanisms that control the assembly, gating, and modulation of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channels. The current view that KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channels assemble as heteromeric channels (KCNQ2/3) forms the basis of our understanding of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channelopathies and drug design. Here, we review the evidence that supports the formation of KCNQ2/3 heteromers in neurons. We also highlight functional and transcriptomic studies that suggest channel composition might not be necessarily fixed in the nervous system, but rather is dynamic and flexible, allowing some neurons to express KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 homomers. We propose that to fully understand KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channelopathies, we need to adopt a more flexible view of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 channel stoichiometry, which might differ across development, brain regions, cell types, and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Springer
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nissi Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anastasios V Tzingounis
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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40
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Activation of KCNQ4 as a Therapeutic Strategy to Treat Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052510. [PMID: 33801540 PMCID: PMC7958948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily q member 4 (KCNQ4) is a voltage-gated potassium channel that plays essential roles in maintaining ion homeostasis and regulating hair cell membrane potential. Reduction of the activity of the KCNQ4 channel owing to genetic mutations is responsible for nonsyndromic hearing loss, a typically late-onset, initially high-frequency loss progressing over time. In addition, variants of KCNQ4 have also been associated with noise-induced hearing loss and age-related hearing loss. Therefore, the discovery of small compounds activating or potentiating KCNQ4 is an important strategy for the curative treatment of hearing loss. In this review, we updated the current concept of the physiological role of KCNQ4 in the inner ear and the pathologic mechanism underlying the role of KCNQ4 variants with regard to hearing loss. Finally, we focused on currently developed KCNQ4 activators and their pros and cons, paving the way for the future development of specific KCNQ4 activators as a remedy for hearing loss.
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41
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Mojarad BA, Yin Y, Manshaei R, Backstrom I, Costain G, Heung T, Merico D, Marshall CR, Bassett AS, Yuen RKC. Genome sequencing broadens the range of contributing variants with clinical implications in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:84. [PMID: 33526774 PMCID: PMC7851385 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The range of genetic variation with potential clinical implications in schizophrenia, beyond rare copy number variants (CNVs), remains uncertain. We therefore analyzed genome sequencing data for 259 unrelated adults with schizophrenia from a well-characterized community-based cohort previously examined with chromosomal microarray for CNVs (none with 22q11.2 deletions). We analyzed these genomes for rare high-impact variants considered causal for neurodevelopmental disorders, including single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions (indels), for potential clinical relevance based on findings for neurodevelopmental disorders. Also, we investigated a novel variant type, tandem repeat expansions (TREs), in 45 loci known to be associated with monogenic neurological diseases. We found several of these variants in this schizophrenia population suggesting that these variants have a wider clinical spectrum than previously thought. In addition to known pathogenic CNVs, we identified 11 (4.3%) individuals with clinically relevant SNVs/indels in genes converging on schizophrenia-relevant pathways. Clinical yield was significantly enriched in females and in those with broadly defined learning/intellectual disabilities. Genome analyses also identified variants with potential clinical implications, including TREs (one in DMPK; two in ATXN8OS) and ultra-rare loss-of-function SNVs in ZMYM2 (a novel candidate gene for schizophrenia). Of the 233 individuals with no pathogenic CNVs, we identified rare high-impact variants (i.e., clinically relevant or with potential clinical implications) for 14 individuals (6.0%); some had multiple rare high-impact variants. Mean schizophrenia polygenic risk score was similar between individuals with and without clinically relevant rare genetic variation; common variants were not sufficient for clinical application. These findings broaden the individual and global picture of clinically relevant genetic risk in schizophrenia, and suggest the potential translational value of genome sequencing as a single genetic technology for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh A. Mojarad
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Yue Yin
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Roozbeh Manshaei
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Cardiac Genome Clinic, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ian Backstrom
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Gregory Costain
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tracy Heung
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Daniele Merico
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Deep Genomics Inc., Toronto, Ontario and The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Christian R. Marshall
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Genome Diagnostics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Anne S. Bassett
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ryan K. C. Yuen
- grid.42327.300000 0004 0473 9646Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Ravasz L, Kékesi KA, Mittli D, Todorov MI, Borhegyi Z, Ercsey-Ravasz M, Tyukodi B, Wang J, Bártfai T, Eberwine J, Juhász G. Cell Surface Protein mRNAs Show Differential Transcription in Pyramidal and Fast-Spiking Cells as Revealed by Single-Cell Sequencing. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:731-745. [PMID: 32710103 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in higher order cognitive functions and psychiatric disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and depression. In the PFC, the two major classes of neurons are the glutamatergic pyramidal (Pyr) cells and the GABAergic interneurons such as fast-spiking (FS) cells. Despite extensive electrophysiological, morphological, and pharmacological studies of the PFC, the therapeutically utilized drug targets are restricted to dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic receptors. To expand the pharmacological possibilities as well as to better understand the cellular and network effects of clinically used drugs, it is important to identify cell-type-selective, druggable cell surface proteins and to link developed drug candidates to Pyr or FS cell targets. To identify the mRNAs of such cell-specific/enriched proteins, we performed ultra-deep single-cell mRNA sequencing (19 685 transcripts in total) on electrophysiologically characterized intact PFC neurons harvested from acute brain slices of mice. Several selectively expressed transcripts were identified with some of the genes that have already been associated with cellular mechanisms of psychiatric diseases, which we can now assign to Pyr (e.g., Kcnn2, Gria3) or FS (e.g., Kcnk2, Kcnmb1) cells. The earlier classification of PFC neurons was also confirmed at mRNA level, and additional markers have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Ravasz
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Katalin Adrienna Kékesi
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Dániel Mittli
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Mihail Ivilinov Todorov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Borhegyi
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Mária Ercsey-Ravasz
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca RO-400084, Romania.,Transylvanian Institute of Neuroscience, Cluj-Napoca RO-400157, Romania
| | - Botond Tyukodi
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca RO-400084, Romania.,Martin Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tamás Bártfai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - James Eberwine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gábor Juhász
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,CRU Hungary Ltd., H-2131 Göd, Hungary
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43
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Disruption of NEUROD2 causes a neurodevelopmental syndrome with autistic features via cell-autonomous defects in forebrain glutamatergic neurons. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6125-6148. [PMID: 34188164 PMCID: PMC8760061 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While the transcription factor NEUROD2 has recently been associated with epilepsy, its precise role during nervous system development remains unclear. Using a multi-scale approach, we set out to understand how Neurod2 deletion affects the development of the cerebral cortex in mice. In Neurod2 KO embryos, cortical projection neurons over-migrated, thereby altering the final size and position of layers. In juvenile and adults, spine density and turnover were dysregulated in apical but not basal compartments in layer 5 neurons. Patch-clamp recordings in layer 5 neurons of juvenile mice revealed increased intrinsic excitability. Bulk RNA sequencing showed dysregulated expression of many genes associated with neuronal excitability and synaptic function, whose human orthologs were strongly associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). At the behavior level, Neurod2 KO mice displayed social interaction deficits, stereotypies, hyperactivity, and occasionally spontaneous seizures. Mice heterozygous for Neurod2 had similar defects, indicating that Neurod2 is haploinsufficient. Finally, specific deletion of Neurod2 in forebrain excitatory neurons recapitulated cellular and behavioral phenotypes found in constitutive KO mice, revealing the region-specific contribution of dysfunctional Neurod2 in symptoms. Informed by these neurobehavioral features in mouse mutants, we identified eleven patients from eight families with a neurodevelopmental disorder including intellectual disability and ASD associated with NEUROD2 pathogenic mutations. Our findings demonstrate crucial roles for Neurod2 in neocortical development, whose alterations can cause neurodevelopmental disorders including intellectual disability and ASD.
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Baird DA, Liu JZ, Zheng J, Sieberts SK, Perumal T, Elsworth B, Richardson TG, Chen CY, Carrasquillo MM, Allen M, Reddy JS, De Jager PL, Ertekin-Taner N, Mangravite LM, Logsdon B, Estrada K, Haycock PC, Hemani G, Runz H, Smith GD, Gaunt TR. Identifying drug targets for neurological and psychiatric disease via genetics and the brain transcriptome. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009224. [PMID: 33417599 PMCID: PMC7819609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering drugs that efficiently treat brain diseases has been challenging. Genetic variants that modulate the expression of potential drug targets can be utilized to assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. We therefore employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) on gene expression measured in brain tissue to identify drug targets involved in neurological and psychiatric diseases. We conducted a two-sample MR using cis-acting brain-derived expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership for Alzheimer's Disease consortium (AMP-AD) and the CommonMind Consortium (CMC) meta-analysis study (n = 1,286) as genetic instruments to predict the effects of 7,137 genes on 12 neurological and psychiatric disorders. We conducted Bayesian colocalization analysis on the top MR findings (using P<6x10-7 as evidence threshold, Bonferroni-corrected for 80,557 MR tests) to confirm sharing of the same causal variants between gene expression and trait in each genomic region. We then intersected the colocalized genes with known monogenic disease genes recorded in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) and with genes annotated as drug targets in the Open Targets platform to identify promising drug targets. 80 eQTLs showed MR evidence of a causal effect, from which we prioritised 47 genes based on colocalization with the trait. We causally linked the expression of 23 genes with schizophrenia and a single gene each with anorexia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder within the psychiatric diseases and 9 genes with Alzheimer's disease, 6 genes with Parkinson's disease, 4 genes with multiple sclerosis and two genes with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis within the neurological diseases we tested. From these we identified five genes (ACE, GPNMB, KCNQ5, RERE and SUOX) as attractive drug targets that may warrant follow-up in functional studies and clinical trials, demonstrating the value of this study design for discovering drug targets in neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A. Baird
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy Z. Liu
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Benjamin Elsworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom G. Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Minerva M. Carrasquillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joseph S. Reddy
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Centre for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, New York, United States of America
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nilufer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Ben Logsdon
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Karol Estrada
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- BioMarin Pharmaceuticals, San Rafael, California, United States of America
| | - Philip C. Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Heiko Runz
- Translational Biology, Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Oakfield House, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Oakfield House, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Dyment DA, O'Donnell-Luria A, Agrawal PB, Coban Akdemir Z, Aleck KA, Antaki D, Al Sharhan H, Au PYB, Aydin H, Beggs AH, Bilguvar K, Boerwinkle E, Brand H, Brownstein CA, Buyske S, Chodirker B, Choi J, Chudley AE, Clericuzio CL, Cox GF, Curry C, de Boer E, de Vries BBA, Dunn K, Dutmer CM, England EM, Fahrner JA, Geckinli BB, Genetti CA, Gezdirici A, Gibson WT, Gleeson JG, Greenberg CR, Hall A, Hamosh A, Hartley T, Jhangiani SN, Karaca E, Kernohan K, Lauzon JL, Lewis MES, Lowry RB, López-Giráldez F, Matise TC, McEvoy-Venneri J, McInnes B, Mhanni A, Garcia Minaur S, Moilanen J, Nguyen A, Nowaczyk MJM, Posey JE, Õunap K, Pehlivan D, Pajusalu S, Penney LS, Poterba T, Prontera P, Doriqui MJR, Sawyer SL, Sobreira N, Stanley V, Torun D, Wargowski D, Witmer PD, Wong I, Xing J, Zaki MS, Zhang Y, Boycott KM, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Blue EE, Innes AM. Alternative genomic diagnoses for individuals with a clinical diagnosis of Dubowitz syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:119-133. [PMID: 33098347 PMCID: PMC8197629 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dubowitz syndrome (DubS) is considered a recognizable syndrome characterized by a distinctive facial appearance and deficits in growth and development. There have been over 200 individuals reported with Dubowitz or a "Dubowitz-like" condition, although no single gene has been implicated as responsible for its cause. We have performed exome (ES) or genome sequencing (GS) for 31 individuals clinically diagnosed with DubS. After genome-wide sequencing, rare variant filtering and computational and Mendelian genomic analyses, a presumptive molecular diagnosis was made in 13/27 (48%) families. The molecular diagnoses included biallelic variants in SKIV2L, SLC35C1, BRCA1, NSUN2; de novo variants in ARID1B, ARID1A, CREBBP, POGZ, TAF1, HDAC8, and copy-number variation at1p36.11(ARID1A), 8q22.2(VPS13B), Xp22, and Xq13(HDAC8). Variants of unknown significance in known disease genes, and also in genes of uncertain significance, were observed in 7/27 (26%) additional families. Only one gene, HDAC8, could explain the phenotype in more than one family (N = 2). All but two of the genomic diagnoses were for genes discovered, or for conditions recognized, since the introduction of next-generation sequencing. Overall, the DubS-like clinical phenotype is associated with extensive locus heterogeneity and the molecular diagnoses made are for emerging clinical conditions sharing characteristic features that overlap the DubS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Dyment
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne O'Donnell-Luria
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zeynep Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyrieckos A Aleck
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Medical Group, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Danny Antaki
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hind Al Sharhan
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ping-Yee B Au
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hatip Aydin
- Centre of Genetics Diagnosis, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine A Brownstein
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steve Buyske
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bernard Chodirker
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Albert E Chudley
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carol L Clericuzio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Gerald F Cox
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cynthia Curry
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Genetic Medicine, University Pediatric Specialists, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Elke de Boer
- Department of Human Genetics, Raboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bert B A de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Raboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Raboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kathryn Dunn
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cullen M Dutmer
- Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eleina M England
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jill A Fahrner
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bilgen B Geckinli
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Casie A Genetti
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - William T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cheryl R Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - April Hall
- Waisman Center Clinical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ada Hamosh
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taila Hartley
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ender Karaca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kristin Kernohan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie L Lauzon
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M E Suzanne Lewis
- Department of Medical Genetics and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R Brian Lowry
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Francesc López-Giráldez
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tara C Matise
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jennifer McEvoy-Venneri
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Brenda McInnes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aziz Mhanni
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sixto Garcia Minaur
- Sección de Genética Clínica, INGEMM (Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jukka Moilanen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - An Nguyen
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Malgorzata J M Nowaczyk
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katrin Õunap
- United Laboratories, Department of Clinical Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- United Laboratories, Department of Clinical Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lynette S Penney
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Timothy Poterba
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia and University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Sarah L Sawyer
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Deniz Torun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - David Wargowski
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - P Dane Witmer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isaac Wong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Broad Center for Mendelian Genomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yeting Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
Kv7.1-Kv7.5 (KCNQ1-5) K+ channels are voltage-gated K+ channels with major roles in neurons, muscle cells and epithelia where they underlie physiologically important K+ currents, such as neuronal M current and cardiac IKs. Specific biophysical properties of Kv7 channels make them particularly well placed to control the activity of excitable cells. Indeed, these channels often work as 'excitability breaks' and are targeted by various hormones and modulators to regulate cellular activity outputs. Genetic deficiencies in all five KCNQ genes result in human excitability disorders, including epilepsy, arrhythmias, deafness and some others. Not surprisingly, this channel family attracts considerable attention as potential drug targets. Here we will review biophysical properties and tissue expression profile of Kv7 channels, discuss recent advances in the understanding of their structure as well as their role in various neurological, cardiovascular and other diseases and pathologies. We will also consider a scope for therapeutic targeting of Kv7 channels for treatment of the above health conditions.
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47
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Kang PW, Westerlund AM, Shi J, White KM, Dou AK, Cui AH, Silva JR, Delemotte L, Cui J. Calmodulin acts as a state-dependent switch to control a cardiac potassium channel opening. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/50/eabd6798. [PMID: 33310856 PMCID: PMC7732179 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd6798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) are potent regulators of the voltage-gated potassium channel KCNQ1 (KV7.1), which conducts the cardiac I Ks current. Although cryo-electron microscopy structures revealed intricate interactions between the KCNQ1 voltage-sensing domain (VSD), CaM, and PIP2, the functional consequences of these interactions remain unknown. Here, we show that CaM-VSD interactions act as a state-dependent switch to control KCNQ1 pore opening. Combined electrophysiology and molecular dynamics network analysis suggest that VSD transition into the fully activated state allows PIP2 to compete with CaM for binding to VSD. This leads to conformational changes that alter VSD-pore coupling to stabilize open states. We identify a motif in the KCNQ1 cytosolic domain, which works downstream of CaM-VSD interactions to facilitate the conformational change. Our findings suggest a gating mechanism that integrates PIP2 and CaM in KCNQ1 voltage-dependent activation, yielding insights into how KCNQ1 gains the phenotypes critical for its physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Wei Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, and Cardiac Bioelectricity, and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Annie M Westerlund
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingyi Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, and Cardiac Bioelectricity, and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Kelli McFarland White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, and Cardiac Bioelectricity, and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Alex K Dou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, and Cardiac Bioelectricity, and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Amy H Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, and Cardiac Bioelectricity, and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonathan R Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, and Cardiac Bioelectricity, and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lucie Delemotte
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jianmin Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders, and Cardiac Bioelectricity, and Arrhythmia Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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48
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Li T, Wu K, Yue Z, Wang Y, Zhang F, Shen H. Structural Basis for the Modulation of Human KCNQ4 by Small-Molecule Drugs. Mol Cell 2020; 81:25-37.e4. [PMID: 33238160 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the five KCNQ channels, also known as the Kv7 voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, KCNQ2-KCNQ5 control neuronal excitability. Dysfunctions of KCNQ2-KCNQ5 are associated with neurological disorders such as epilepsy, deafness, and neuropathic pain. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human KCNQ4 and its complexes with the opener retigabine or the blocker linopirdine at overall resolutions of 2.5, 3.1, and 3.3 Å, respectively. In all structures, a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) molecule inserts its head group into a cavity within each voltage-sensing domain (VSD), revealing an unobserved binding mode for PIP2. Retigabine nestles in each fenestration, inducing local shifts. Instead of staying within the central pore, linopirdine resides in a cytosolic cavity underneath the inner gate. Electrophysiological analyses of various mutants corroborated the structural observations. Our studies reveal the molecular basis for the modulatory mechanism of neuronal KCNQ channels and provide a framework for structure-facilitated drug discovery targeting these important channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhenlei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Huaizong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
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49
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Dirkx N, Miceli F, Taglialatela M, Weckhuysen S. The Role of Kv7.2 in Neurodevelopment: Insights and Gaps in Our Understanding. Front Physiol 2020; 11:570588. [PMID: 33192566 PMCID: PMC7657400 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.570588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kv7.2 subunits encoded by the KCNQ2 gene constitute a critical molecular component of the M-current, a subthreshold voltage-gated potassium current controlling neuronal excitability by dampening repetitive action potential firing. Pathogenic loss-of-function variants in KCNQ2 have been linked to epilepsy since 1998, and there is ample functional evidence showing that dysfunction of the channel indeed results in neuronal hyperexcitability. The recent description of individuals with severe developmental delay with or without seizures due to pathogenic variants in KCNQ2 (KCNQ2-encephalopathy) reveals that Kv7.2 channels also have an important role in neurodevelopment. Kv7.2 channels are expressed already very early in the developing brain when key developmental processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and synaptogenesis play a crucial role in brain morphogenesis and maturation. In this review, we will discuss the available evidence for a role of Kv7.2 channels in these neurodevelopmental processes, focusing in particular on insights derived from KCNQ2-related human phenotypes, from the spatio-temporal expression of Kv7.2 and other Kv7 family member, and from cellular and rodent models, highlighting critical gaps and research strategies to be implemented in the future. Lastly, we propose a model which divides the M-current activity in three different developmental stages, correlating with the cell characteristics during these particular periods in neuronal development, and how this can be linked with KCNQ2-related disorders. Understanding these mechanisms can create opportunities for new targeted therapies for KCNQ2-encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dirkx
- Applied and Translational Neurogenomics Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francesco Miceli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taglialatela
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- Applied and Translational Neurogenomics Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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50
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Abshire ET, Hughes KL, Diao R, Pearce S, Gopalakrishna S, Trievel RC, Rorbach J, Freddolino PL, Goldstrohm AC. Differential processing and localization of human Nocturnin controls metabolism of mRNA and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactors. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15112-15133. [PMID: 32839274 PMCID: PMC7606674 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nocturnin (NOCT) is a eukaryotic enzyme that belongs to a superfamily of exoribonucleases, endonucleases, and phosphatases. In this study, we analyze the expression, processing, localization, and cellular functions of human NOCT. We find that NOCT protein is differentially expressed and processed in a cell and tissue type-specific manner to control its localization to the cytoplasm or mitochondrial exterior or interior. The N terminus of NOCT is necessary and sufficient to confer import and processing in the mitochondria. We measured the impact of cytoplasmic NOCT on the transcriptome and observed that it affects mRNA levels of hundreds of genes that are significantly enriched in osteoblast, neuronal, and mitochondrial functions. Recent biochemical data indicate that NOCT dephosphorylates NADP(H) metabolites, and thus we measured the effect of NOCT on these cofactors in cells. We find that NOCT increases NAD(H) and decreases NADP(H) levels in a manner dependent on its intracellular localization. Collectively, our data indicate that NOCT can regulate levels of both mRNAs and NADP(H) cofactors in a manner specified by its location in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Abshire
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelsey L Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rucheng Diao
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah Pearce
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Metabolism, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden; Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institute Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shreekara Gopalakrishna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Metabolism, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Raymond C Trievel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joanna Rorbach
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Metabolism, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden; Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing - Karolinska Institute Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter L Freddolino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron C Goldstrohm
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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