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Ji Y, Liu X, Lv H, Guo Y, Nie W. Effects of Lonicerae flos and Turmeric extracts on growth performance and intestinal health of yellow-feathered broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103488. [PMID: 38335669 PMCID: PMC10869291 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of Lonicerae flos and Turmeric extracts (LTE) added to diets on growth performance and intestinal health of broilers. A total of 720 healthy 21-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups, with 6 replicates and 40 broilers per replicate. These 3 dietary treatments included a basal diet + 0 g/t LTE (CON), a basal diet + 300 g/t LTE (LTE300), and a basal diet + 500 g/t LTE (LTE500). The results showed that dietary supplementation of LTE linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (d 21-38) and average daily feed intake (d 21-60). At d 60, LTE300 had the highest serum total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05), and LTE500 had the lowest malondialdehyde level (P < 0.05) among the three groups. Moreover, compared to CON, LTE300 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced endotoxin (d 38 and d 60) and diamine oxidase activity (d 38); LTE500 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced endotoxin (d 38 and d 60) and diamine oxidase levels (d 60) in the serum. LTE groups significantly (P < 0.05) increased ileal the ratio of villus height to crypt depth and serum immunoglobulin G. Furthermore, dietary supplementation of LTE also improved the intestinal epithelial barrier by the up-regulated mRNA expression of Claudin-1, Occludin and zonula occludens-1, and decreased the mRNA expression of interleukin-2, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor κB, myeloid differentiation factor 88 and toll-like receptor 4. Compared to CON, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that LTE300 had a better effect on the microbial diversity and composition in the ileum, and Bacillus and Lactobacillus_agilis were significantly enriched in LTE300. PICRUSt results showed that LTE300 was significantly (P < 0.05) enriched in four pathway pathways at KEGG level 2. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with LTE improved growth performance and intestinal health by enhancing antioxidant capacity, intestinal barrier and immune function, and regulating intestinal flora of yellow-feathered broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiyuan Lv
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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2
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Mantzios T, Stylianaki I, Savvidou S, Dokou S, Papadopoulos GΑ, Panitsidis I, Patsias A, Raj J, Vasiljević M, Pajić M, Gomez-Osorio LM, Bošnjak-Neumüller J, Tsiouris V, Giannenas I. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Essential Oils, Lysozyme, and Vitamins' Blend on Layer Hen Performance, Viral Vaccinal Response, and Egg Quality Characteristics. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:147. [PMID: 38400131 PMCID: PMC10893408 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining respiratory tract health is crucial for layers, impacting gut health, laying performance, and egg quality. Viral diseases and standard vaccinations can compromise tracheal epithelium function, leading to oxidative stress. This study assessed the impact of a blend of feed additives, predominantly lysozyme (L), essential oils (EO), and vitamins (VIT) (referred to as L + EO + VIT), on young layers during an oral vaccination schedule. The supplementation significantly enhanced antibody titers for Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) after vaccination, trachea functionality and intestinal health in the jejunum, increased egg production, and exhibited a trend toward higher egg weight. Although feed intake showed no significant difference, egg quality remained consistent across experimental groups. Moreover, L + EO + VIT supplementation elevated total phenolic content in eggs, improving oxidative stability in both fresh and stored eggs, particularly under iron-induced oxidation. Notably, it substantially reduced yolk lipid peroxidation and albumen protein carbonyls. In conclusion, water supplementation with L + EO + VIT may enhance humoral immune response to IBV and NDV, positively impacting hen productivity. These findings indicate improved tracheal function and enhanced oxidative stability, emphasizing the potential of this blend in promoting overall health and performance in layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilemachos Mantzios
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stavrou Voutyra 11, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Ioanna Stylianaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Soumela Savvidou
- Research Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece;
| | - Stella Dokou
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Georgios Α. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Panitsidis
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Apostolos Patsias
- Agricultural Poultry Cooperation of Ioannina “PINDOS”, Rodotopi, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Jog Raj
- PATENT CO. DOO, 24211 Misicevo, Serbia; (J.R.); (M.V.); (L.-M.G.-O.); (J.B.-N.)
| | - Marko Vasiljević
- PATENT CO. DOO, 24211 Misicevo, Serbia; (J.R.); (M.V.); (L.-M.G.-O.); (J.B.-N.)
| | - Marko Pajić
- Department for Epizootiology, Clinical Diagnostic, Pathology and DDD, Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”, Rumenački Put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | | | | | - Vasilios Tsiouris
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stavrou Voutyra 11, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (I.P.)
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Darmawan A, Öztürk E, Güngör E, Özlü Ş, Jayanegara A. Effects of essential oils on egg production and feed efficiency as influenced by laying hen breed: A meta-analysis. Vet World 2024; 17:197-206. [PMID: 38406358 PMCID: PMC10884582 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.197-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Successful rearing of laying hens to achieve optimal egg production is an endeavor that often faces various constraints and challenges, such as infectious diseases, environmental stressors, and fluctuations in feed quality. The incorporation of essential oils (EOs) into the diet of laying hens has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EO inclusion in laying hen diets by considering the effects of production phase and breed on performance, egg quality, serum biochemistry, gut health, and antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods The articles were obtained from the Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed using the search terms "essential oils," "laying hens," and "phytobiotics." Data from 27 articles and 71 experiments were grouped according to laying hen production phase and breed in the database. The EO levels ranged from 0 to 1000 mg/kg, with thymol and carvacrol being the major EOs. A mixed model was used to analyze the data. Random effects were applied to the treatment, and fixed effects were applied to EO level, production phase, and breed. Results Egg production, feed intake, feed efficiency, eggshell quality, villus height, crypt depth, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels increased linearly (p = 0.05) and egg weight and mass increased quadratically (p < 0.05) with increasing EO concentrations. An interaction was observed between the EO level egg production and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.05). Serum glucose, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde levels decreased with increasing EO concentrations (p < 0.05). Conclusions The inclusion of EOs effectively increased egg production, feed efficiency, egg weight, egg mass, eggshell quality, oxidative enzymes, and intestinal health. In addition, the proportion of dietary EOs in lightweight laying hens was higher than that in semi-heavy-weight laying hens in improving egg production and feeding efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Darmawan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Animal Science Faculty, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ergin Öztürk
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Emrah Güngör
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Şevket Özlü
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Animal Science Faculty, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Abo Egila NSH, Dosoky WM, Khisheerah NSM, Ahmed MH, Zahran SM, Almohmadi NH, Abusudah WF, Kamal M, Moustafa M, Tellez-Isaias G, Al-Shehri M, Abd El-Hack ME. Does dietary linseed or canola oil affect lipid metabolism, immunity, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids content in quail eggs? Poult Sci 2023; 102:103116. [PMID: 37844526 PMCID: PMC10587527 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most intriguing areas of research and innovation in the animal production and food sector recently has been designed-enriched products. These items are regarded as functional foods because they feature components that have advantageous physiological impacts on human health. In the production of poultry, designed eggs constitute a significant category of functional foods. The present study hypothesized that adding different kinds of oils to quail diets will help produce designer eggs rich in omega-3 and 6 fatty acids in addition to enhancing productive performance. So, this study examined how linseed (flaxseed) and canola oils with various levels can affect lipid metabolism, immune function, and the amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in Japanese quail eggs. This work was conducted using 3 different vegetable oils (sunflower, linseed, and canola oils) and 3 different antioxidant supplements (0, 250 mg vitamin E/kg feed, and 1,000 mg ginger/kg feed) in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment. When linseed or canola oil was added to the diet, the number of fatty acids in the egg yolks of Japanese quail layers fell by (12.7 and 18.9%) and (41.4 and 24.6%), respectively. The amounts of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in total eggs fell by 21.9 and 14.6% and 24.5 and 15.8%, respectively, at 20 wk of age. However, when linseed and canola oil were added to the diet, the sum n-3 PUFA content in the egg yolk of Japanese quail-laying hens was noticeably raised at 15 and 20 wk of age. At 15 and 20 wk of age, the same groups' total n-6 PUFA content considerably increased compared to the group that did not receive flaxseed. In conclusion, during the laying period of Japanese quail, linseed oil, canola oil, vitamin E, or ginger positively affected productivity, blood hematology, constituents, resistance, lipid digestion system, and antioxidative properties in serum and egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed S H Abo Egila
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Waleed M Dosoky
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Najat S M Khisheerah
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agricultural Sciences, Al-Ajeilat, Zawia University, Zawia 16418, Libya
| | - Mohamed H Ahmed
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Soliman M Zahran
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Najlaa H Almohmadi
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa F Abusudah
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kamal
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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Bai M, Liu H, Zhang Y, Wang S, Shao Y, Xiong X, Hu X, Yu R, Lan W, Cui Y, Kong X. Peppermint extract improves egg production and quality, increases antioxidant capacity, and alters cecal microbiota in late-phase laying hens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1252785. [PMID: 37808324 PMCID: PMC10552153 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1252785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peppermint contains substantial bioactive ingredients belonging to the phytoestrogens, and its effects on the production of late-laying hens deserve more attention. This study evaluated the effects of dietary peppermint extract (PE) supplementation on egg production and quality, yolk fatty acid composition, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microbiota in late-phase laying hens. Method PE powder was identified by UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Two hundred and sixteen laying hens (60 weeks old) were randomly assigned to four treatments, each for 28 days: (i) basal diet (control group, CON); (ii) basal diet + 0.1% PE; (iii) basal diet + 0.2% PE; and (iv) basal diet + 0.4% PE. Egg, serum, and cecal samples were collected for analysis. Results Dietary PE supplementation increased the laying rate, serum triglyceride, immunoglobulin G, and total antioxidant capacity, while 0.2 and 0.4% PE supplementation increased eggshell thickness, serum total protein level, and superoxide dismutase activity of laying hens compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). PE addition in diets increased the C14:0, C18:3n3, C18:3n6, C23:0, C24:0, and C24:1n9 contents in the yolk. In addition, the egg yolk saturated fatty acid content was higher (P < 0.05) in the 0.2 and 0.4% PE groups compared with the CON and 0.1% PE groups. The microbiota analysis revealed that the cecal phylum Proteobacteria was decreased (P < 0.05) in the PE-supplemented groups. A total of 0.4% PE supplementation increased the cecal richness of gram-positive bacteria and decreased the richness of gram-negative and potentially pathogenic bacteria compared with the 0.1% PE group (P < 0.05). Microbial function prediction analysis showed that the cecal microbiota of the PE group was mainly enriched by fatty acid degradation, fatty acid metabolism, amino sugar metabolism, nucleotide sugar metabolism, and other pathways. Regression analysis suggested that 0.28-0.36% PE supplementation was the optimal level for improving egg production and quality, antioxidant capacity, and yolk fatty acid in late-phase laying hens. Discussion Dietary PE supplementation improved egg production and quality (including yolk fatty acid composition) by increasing serum IgG and antioxidant capacity and modulating the intestinal microbiota in late-phase laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Bai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yirui Shao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Rongyao Yu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Wei Lan
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Yadong Cui
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
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Swelum AA, Ba-Awadh HA, Olarinre IO, Saadeldin IM, Alowaimer AN. Correlation between fatty acids levels in chicken, duck, goose, pigeon, quail and turkey egg yolks and post-thawed quality of ram semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1298-1310. [PMID: 37475183 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The comparison between adding egg yolks (EY) of chicken, duck, goose, pigeon, Japanese quail or turkey to the Tris glycerol extender on the quality of ram semen before freezing and post-thawing was evaluated. The correlation between fatty acids levels in egg yolks of different avian species and the post-thawed quality of ram semen was studied. The pooled ejaculates collected from five rams were extended with Tris EY glycerol extenders containing the EY of chicken, duck, goose, pigeon, quail or turkey and cryopreserved at -196°C. The straws were evaluated before freezing and post-thawing for sperm motility using a sperm cell analyser, vitality using a FluoVit kit and abnormality using a SpermBlue stain besides plasma-membrane and DNA integrities using a hypo-osmotic swelling test and a Halomax kit, respectively. The moisture, ash, protein and fatty acid (FA) contents of EY of chicken, duck, goose, pigeon, quail and turkey were analysed using a gas chromatograph. The chicken and quail EY extenders significantly improved the total progressive motility (32.05 ± 1.41 and 31.68 ± 1.43, respectively), vitality, plasma membrane and DNA integrities and abnormalities of post-thawing ram semen in comparison with other EY extenders. Pigeon EY had the lowest saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in comparison with the other types of EYs. The chicken and turkey EYs had the lowest percentage of (monounsaturated fatty acids) MUFAs in comparison with the other types of EYs. The highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was observed in the turkey, pigeon and chicken EYs which were considered double or triple their percentage in duck and goose EYs, respectively. Significant positive correlations existed between SFAs levels and total motility, vitality, plasma membrane functionality and DNA integrity (0.77, 0.80, 0.67, 0.52, respectively). Significant negative correlations existed between gondoic EY levels and total motility, vitality, plasma membrane functionality and DNA integrity. In conclusion, the EYs of duck, goose, pigeon or turkey cannot substitute the chicken EY in ram semen extenders as they gave lower post-thawing quality. The quail EY can be used as a good replacer for chicken EY in the extender used for cryopreservation of ram semen. The EY composition of FAs can significantly affect the quality of ram semen post-thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani A Ba-Awadh
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isiaka O Olarinre
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alowaimer
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Özbilgin A, Kara K. Effect of adding lavender oil to laying quail diets on performance, egg quality, oxidative status, and fatty acid profile. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:173. [PMID: 37186264 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of lavender essential oil on performance, egg quality parameters in quails, malondialdehyde (MDA) in fresh and stored (28 days at +4°C) eggs, and individual and total fatty acids. To this end, 100 female quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) which were 5 weeks old with an average weight of 224 g were used. The study lasted 45 days, including 10 days of introduction and 35 days of study. Quails were fed ad libitum with four different treatments. Four groups were formed as control groups (0g lavender essential oil/kg feed), Lav125 (125mg lavender essential oil/kg feed), Lav250 (250mg lavender essential oil/kg feed), and Lav500 (500mg lavender essential oil/kg feed). There were five subgroups under each group and five quails in each subgroup. Feed consumption and egg weight parameters increased in Lav500 group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The highest egg yield compared to the control group was determined in Lav500 group (p>0.05), and the highest egg mass compared to the control group was determined in Lav125 group. The highest feed conversion ratio compared to the control group was in Lav250 group (p>0.05). In addition, egg white height and Haugh Unit (HU) compared to the control group were the highest in Lav500 group (p<0.05). The MDA concentration decreased in Lav125 and Lav250 group in fresh and in Lav500 group in stored eggs (at +4C for 28 days) compared to the control group (p<0.05). Omega 3 fatty acids in fresh and stored eggs were higher in lavender groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, the concentration of omega 9 (oleic acid) fatty acid decreased in the lavender groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). As a result, it was found that adding lavender essential oil to the diet leads to an increase in body weight, egg yield, egg mass, egg weight, egg white height, HU, omega 3 fatty acids, and a decrease in MDA concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Özbilgin
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Kanber Kara
- Erciyes University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Kayseri, Turkey
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8
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El-Sabrout K, Khalifah A, Mishra B. Application of botanical products as nutraceutical feed additives for improving poultry health and production. Vet World 2023; 16:369-379. [PMID: 37041996 PMCID: PMC10082723 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.369-379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry is one of the most consumed sources of animal protein around the world. To meet the global demands for poultry meat and eggs, it is necessary to improve their nutrition to sustain the poultry industry. However, the poultry industry faces several challenges, including feedstuff availability, the banning of antibiotics as growth promoters, and several environmental stressors. Therefore, there is a critical need to include available nutraceuticals in the diet to sustain the poultry industry. Nutraceuticals are natural chemical substances that positively influence animal physiological and productive traits. Botanical products (such as fenugreek seeds, ginger roots, and olive leaves) are among the most commonly used nutraceuticals and are gradually gaining popularity in the poultry industry due to their immense benefits in nutrition and therapeutic properties. They can be added to the diet separately or in combination (as a natural antioxidant and immunostimulant) to improve poultry health and production. Botanical products are rich in essential oils and essential fatty acids, which have multiple benefits on the animal's digestive system, such as activating the digestive enzymes and restoring microbiota balance, enhancing poultry health, and production. These nutraceuticals have been shown to stimulate the expression of several genes related to growth, metabolism, and immunity. In addition, the essential oil supplementation in poultry diets up-regulated the expression of some crucial genes associated with nutrient transportation (such as glucose transporter-2 and sodium-glucose cotransporter-1). Previous studies have suggested that supplementation of botanical compounds increased broiler body weight and hen egg production by approximately 7% and 15%, respectively. Furthermore, the supplementation of botanical compounds enhanced the reproductive efficiency of hens and the semen quality of roosters by 13%. This review article discusses the significant effects of some botanical products in the poultry industry and how they can benefit poultry, especially in light of the ban on antibiotics as growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim El-Sabrout
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ayman Khalifah
- Department of Livestock Research, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Borg El Arab, Egypt
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Gao F, Zhang L, Li H, Xia F, Bai H, Piao X, Sun Z, Cui H, Shi L. Dietary Oregano Essential Oil Supplementation Influences Production Performance and Gut Microbiota in Late-Phase Laying Hens Fed Wheat-Based Diets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213007. [PMID: 36359131 PMCID: PMC9654440 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of OEO on production performance, egg quality, fatty acid composition in yolk, and cecum microbiota of hens in the late phase of production. A total of 350 58-week-old Jing Tint Six laying hens were randomly divided into five groups: (1) fed a basal diet (control); (2) fed a basal diet + 5 mg/kg flavomycin (AGP); (3) fed a basal diet + 100 mg/kg oregano essential oil + 20 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde (EO1); (4) fed a basal diet + 200 mg/kg oregano essential oil + 20 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde (EO2); (5) fed a basal diet + 300 mg/kg oregano essential oil + 20 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde (EO3). Compared to the control group, group EO2 exhibited higher (p < 0.05) egg production during weeks 5−8 and 1−8. EO2 had a lower feed conversion ratio than the control group during weeks 1−8. The content of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) in EO2 was higher (p < 0.05) than that of the control and AGP groups. EO2 increased (p < 0.05) the abundance of Actinobacteriota and decreased the abundance of Desulfovibri in the cecum. The abundances of Anaerofilum, Fournierella, Fusobacterium, and Sutterella were positively correlated with egg production, feed conversion ratio, and average daily feed intake, while the abundances of Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, Lactobacillus, Methanobrevibacter, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were negatively correlated with egg production, feed conversion ratio, and average daily feed intake. Dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg OEO and 20 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde could improve egg-production performance, decrease feed conversion ratio, and alter the fatty acid and microbial composition of eggs from late-phase laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiying Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Hongxia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence:
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El-Sabrout K, Aggag S, Mishra B. Advanced Practical Strategies to Enhance Table Egg Production. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:1393392. [PMID: 36349300 PMCID: PMC9637464 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1393392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for table eggs has increased exponentially due to the growing human population. To meet this demand, major advances in hen genetics, nutrition, and husbandry procedures are required. Developing cost-effective and practically applicable strategies to improve egg production and quality is necessary for the development of egg industry worldwide. Consumers have shown a strong desire regarding the improvement of hens' welfare and egg quality. They also become interested in functional and designer foods. Modifications in the nutritional composition of laying hen diets significantly impact egg nutritional composition and quality preservation. According to previous scientific research, enriched egg products can benefit human health. However, producers are facing a serious challenge in optimizing breeding, housing, and dietary strategies to ensure hen health and high product quality. This review discussed several practical strategies to increase egg production, quality, and hens' welfare. These practical strategies can potentially be used in layer farms for sustainable egg production. One of these strategies is the transition from conventional to enriched or cage-free production systems, thereby improving bird behavior and welfare. In addition, widely use of plant/herbal substances as dietary supplements in layers' diets positively impacts hens' physiological, productive, reproductive, and immunological performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim El-Sabrout
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sarah Aggag
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Su C, Wang L, Lv X, Cui G, Ji L, Huang Y, Zhang H, Chen W. Dietary cinnamaldehyde with carvacrol or thymol improves the egg quality and intestinal health independent of gut microbiota in post-peak laying hens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:994089. [PMID: 36337188 PMCID: PMC9634219 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.994089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have been proven to exert multiple effects on growth performance, production quality, and health status in poultry nutrition, which is dependent on the component and/or dose of essential oils. Diets with the optimal combination of essential oils might be able to improve the performance traits and welfare of laying hens. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary essential oils, which are composed of cinnamaldehyde with carvacrol or thymol, on performance, egg quality, and intestinal health in post-peak laying hens. A total of 384, 50-week-old Hy-line brown laying hens were randomly divided into three groups with 8 replicates of 16 birds each: (1) a basal diet (Ctrl), (2) a basal diet with 100 mg/kg of essential oils consisting of 4.5% cinnamaldehyde with 13.5% carvacrol (CAR+CIN), and (3) a basal diet containing 100 mg/kg of essential oils composed of 4.5% cinnamaldehyde with 13.5% thymol (THY+CIN). The CAR+CIN diet increased the feed consumption from 52 to 55 weeks more than the Ctrl and the THY+CIN diet. Compared with the Ctrl group, the addition of essential oils decreased the dirty egg rate (P = 0.07) in the whole trial period. Regarding egg quality, the birds that received the CAR+CIN and THY+CIN diets increased the eggshell strength (P = 0.099) or Haugh unit (HU, p = 0.03) at 54 weeks, respectively. Supplementation of both CAR+CIN and THY+CIN diets significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum through increasing villus height and decreasing crypt depth as well as upregulated the mRNA abundances of duodenal occluding and cadherin (P < 0.05). However, the treatment with dietary essential oils did not notably change the proportion of cecal microbiota and bacterial diversity. This study suggested that dietary supplementation of cinnamaldehyde with carvacrol or thymol, the active components of essential oils, could promote egg quality in post-peak laying hens, which might be associated with improved intestinal development and barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yilu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuanchen Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangyun Lv
- Charoen Pokphand Group Co., Ltd., Zhumadian, China
| | - Guangya Cui
- Charoen Pokphand Group Co., Ltd., Zhumadian, China
| | - Longxiang Ji
- Charoen Pokphand Group Co., Ltd., Zhumadian, China
| | - Yanqun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Huaiyong Zhang
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen Chen
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Swelum AA, Ba-Awadh HA, Olarinre IO, Saadeldin IM, Alowaimer AN. Effects of adding mixed chicken and quail egg yolks to the cryodiluent on the quality of ram semen before and after cryopreservation. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1013533. [PMID: 36311647 PMCID: PMC9596808 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1013533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of adding mixed chicken and Japanese quail egg yolks (EYs) to the cryodiluent on the quality of ram semen before freezing and post-thawing were evaluated. Additionally, the composition of chicken and quail egg EYs and their mixture were analyzed for results explanation. The semen was collected from rams (n = 5) and extended with cryodiluent containing the EY of chicken, quail or their mixture (1:1). The extended semen was chilled slowly to 5 °C within 2 h and equilibrated for 2 h, before frozen on the liquid nitrogen vapor and cryopreserved at -196 °C. The straws were evaluated before freezing and post-thawing for sperm motility, vitality and abnormality besides plasma-membrane and DNA integrities. The moisture, ash, protein, and fatty acid (FA) contents of chicken EY, quail EY and their mixture were analyzed. Sperm vitality, plasma membrane integrity and DNA integrity before freezing were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in quail EY than chicken EY and mixed EYs cryodiluent. The chicken EY extender significantly improved the vitality, plasma membrane and DNA integrities of post-thawed ram semen in comparison with quail EY or mixed EYs extenders. While, the post-thawing sperm abnormalities was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in quail EY than chicken EY and mixed EYs cryodiluent. The post-thawing sperm motion kinetics parameters were higher in quail EY than chicken EY and mixed EYs cryodiluent. The highest percentages of moisture, ash, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were detected in quail EY had. While, the highest percentages of fat, protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were detected in chicken EY. In conclusion, using of chicken EY can improve total motility, vitality, plasma membrane integrity and DNA integrity of cryopreserved ram semen. While, using of quail EY can improve sperm abnormalities and kinetic motion parameters of cryopreserved ram semen. Mixing chicken and quail EYs added no value for post-thawing ram semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A. Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt,*Correspondence: Ayman A. Swelum
| | - Hani A. Ba-Awadh
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isiaka O. Olarinre
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam M. Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdullah N. Alowaimer
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Xiao G, Zheng L, Yan X, Gong L, Yang Y, Qi Q, Zhang X, Zhang H. Effects of Dietary Essential Oils Supplementation on Egg Quality, Biochemical Parameters, and Gut Microbiota of Late-Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192561. [PMID: 36230302 PMCID: PMC9558990 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the effects of adding essential oils (EO) to diets on egg quality, biochemical parameters and intestinal flora of late laying hens. The number of 252 Dawu Golden Phoenix laying hens (55 weeks old) were randomly sorted into two groups: the control group (CG) fed a basal diet and the EO group fed a basal diet with 300 mg/kg of essential oils. The average egg weight, feed-to-egg ratio, and egg production rate were determined every week. The trial started at week 55 and lasted for 8 weeks. During the experiment’s last week, 36 eggs out of each group were chosen at random to test. In our study, dietary supplementation with EO considerably decreased the egg breaking rate (p = 0.01) and increased the shell-breaking strength (p = 0.04). The treatment group’s alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were considerably lower than those of the control group (p = 0.03). The EO group had substantially higher total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (p = 0.04 and p =0.03, respectively). However, there were no differences in alpha diversity indicators between the two groups. It is worth noting that Firmicutes were increased considerably (p < 0.05), while Spirochaetota and Proteobacteria were significantly reduced in the EO group. At genus levels, the EO supplementation increased the relative abundance of Intestinimonas (p < 0.05) and Megamonas (p < 0.01). In conclusion, a dietary supplementation of 300 mg/kg EO can improve the production performance of laying hens and the egg quality. It can also regulate the abundance of cecal flora and serum biochemical indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengsheng Xiao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- Guangdong Guangken Animal Husbandry Engineering Research Institute, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xia Yan
- Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Li Gong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Qien Qi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xiangbin Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (H.Z.)
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14
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Obianwuna UE, Oleforuh-Okoleh VU, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Qi GH, Qiu K, Wu SG. Natural Products of Plants and Animal Origin Improve Albumen Quality of Chicken Eggs. Front Nutr 2022; 9:875270. [PMID: 35757269 PMCID: PMC9226613 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.875270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumen quality is recognized as one of the major yardsticks in measuring egg quality. The elasticity of thick albumen, a strong bond in the ovomucin-lysozyme complex, and excellent biological properties are indicators of high-quality albumen. The albumen quality prior to egg storage contribute to enhance egg’s shelf life and economic value. Evidence suggests that albumen quality can deteriorate due to changes in albumen structure, such as the degradation of β-ovomucin subunit and O-glyosidic bonds, the collapse of the ovomucin-lysozyme complex, and a decrease in albumen protein-protein interaction. Using organic minerals, natural plants and animal products with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, high biological value, no residue effect and toxicity risk could improve albumen quality. These natural products (e.g., tea polyphenols, marigold extract, magnolol, essential oils, Upro (small peptide), yeast cell wall, Bacillus species, a purified amino acid from animal blood, and pumpkin seed meal) are bio-fortified into eggs, thus enhancing the biological and technological function of the albumen. Multiple strategies to meeting laying hens’ metabolic requirements and improvement in albumen quality are described in this review, including the use of amino acids, vitamins, minerals, essential oils, prebiotics, probiotics, organic trace elements, and phytogenic as feed additives. From this analysis, natural products can improve animal health and consequently albumen quality. Future research should focus on effects of these natural products in extending shelf life of the albumen during storage and at different storage conditions. Research in that direction may provide insight into albumen quality and its biological value in fresh and stored eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vivian U Oleforuh-Okoleh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Zvarivadza W, Marume U. Growth performance and heamatobiochemical parameters of broilers fed diets containing Artemisia afra essential oil. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the effects of Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. essential oil inclusion in diets on growth performance and blood parameters in broiler chickens. Four hundred day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly allotted to four treatments: NC – negative control (commercial broiler diet without antibiotics), PC – positive control (commercial broiler diet), AA1 – commercial diet + 0.1% A. afra essential oil, and AA2 – commercial diet + 0.3 % A. afra essential oil. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. From the results, birds fed the PC diet had the highest average daily feed intake (105.60 g ± 3.18) and average daily gain (ADG) in the grower phase. The highest ADG in the finisher phase was obtained in the AAI treatment (170.23 g·d−1 ± 2.00), whereas the feed conversion ratio was lower in the essential-oil-containing diets. Diet significantly improved protein utilization efficiency in both grower and finisher phases. Birds fed AA1 had the highest values for neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils, whereas those fed the NC diet had the highest alkaline phosphatase levels (102.00 IU·L−1 ± 7.61). The findings of the study suggest the use of A. afra essential oil in broiler diets can positively improve growth and flock health.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Zvarivadza
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Upenyu Marume
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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Zhang H, Ding X, Bai S, Zeng Q, Zhang K, Mao X, Chu L, Hou D, Xuan Y, Wang J. Alleviating effect of dietary supplementation of benzoic acid, Enterococcus faecium and essential oil complex on coccidia and Clostridium perfringens challenge in laying hens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101720. [PMID: 35231770 PMCID: PMC8886132 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment is to explore the effects of dietary supplementation of benzoic acid, Enterococcus faecium, and essential oil complex (BEC) on coccidia and Clostridium perfringens challenge in laying hens. A total of 80 Lohmann gray laying hens (35 wk old) were allocated to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the main effects of Clostridium perfringens type A (CP) and coccidia challenge (with or without challenge) and 2 BEC levels (0 and 1,000 mg/kg). The total experimental period was 6 wk. The results showed that: the challenge group significantly decreased the laying rate and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of laying hens (PChallenge < 0.01). The BEC + challenge group significantly increased the laying rate and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of laying hens (PBEC < 0.05). The challenge significantly decreased the thickness, strength, and relative weight of eggshell (PChallenge < 0.05). The BCE + challenge group significantly increased the relative weight and strength of the eggshell (PBEC < 0.05). The challenge significantly increased the crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and decreased the villus-to-crypt ratio (V/C) (PChallenge < 0.01). The BEC + challenge group decreased the crypt depth of the duodenum and jejunum, and increased the V/C of the duodenum (PBEC < 0.01). The pathological scores of duodenum and jejunum of the challenge group were significantly higher than other groups (PChallenge < 0.01), while the BEC + challenge group had lower pathological scores of jejunum (PBEC < 0.01). The challenge significantly decreased the mRNA expression of Occludin, Mucin-2, Zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) (Pchallenge < 0.05); whereas the BEC group significantly increased the expression of Occludin, Mucin-2, and Claudin-1 mRNA (PBEC < 0.05). The challenge significantly increased the level of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the jejunum (PChallenge < 0.05). Taken together, adding BEC to the diet can improved production performance and egg quality of layers, by protecting intestinal health against Clostridium perfringens type A (CP) and coccidia challenge.
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Gholami‐Ahangaran M, Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi A, Azizi S, Basiratpour A, Zokaei M, Derakhshan M. Thymol and carvacrol supplementation in poultry health and performance. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:267-288. [PMID: 34761555 PMCID: PMC8788968 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymol and carvacrol as natural essential oils and phenol compounds are components derived from some medicinal plants, such as thyme and oregano species. OBJECTIVES The increasing demands in organic and healthy meat and egg consumption in human society have made it necessary to consider alternative natural compounds for the replacement of chemical compounds in poultry production. The chemical compounds can remain in meat and eggs and cause complications in human health. Therefore, these natural compounds can be fed with a higher safety in poultry production with specific effects. In this regard, the role of thymol and carvacrol as natural compounds in the poultry production has been discussed in the review. METHODS In this study, by searching for keywords related to thymol and carvacrol in poultry production in Google Scholar database, the articles related to different aspects of the biological effects of these two phytogenes in poultry production were selected and analyzed. RESULTS A review of previous studies has shown that thymol and carvacrol possess a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, modulating of immunity response and regulating of the gut microbial population. Also, in meat type chickens can promote growth and influence feed utilization. The beneficial effect of this compound was evaluated in hepatic toxicity and demonstrated as a hepatoprotective compound in chickens. Furthermore, these compounds can affect the behavior of layers and influence egg composition, eggshell thickness, and the sensory quality of eggs. CONCLUSION It seems that with the increasing demand for healthy protein products, these compounds can be used to improve performance as a substitute alternative for chemical compounds in healthy poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Gholami‐Ahangaran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Asiye Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ardestan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityArdestanIran
| | - Shahrzad Azizi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanIran
| | - Asal Basiratpour
- Graduated of Basic Sciences FacultyPayame Noor UniversityIsfahan BranchIsfahanIran
| | - Maryam Zokaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoud Derakhshan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shoushtar BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShoushtarIran
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18
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Phytogenic Feed Additives in Poultry: Achievements, Prospective and Challenges. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123471. [PMID: 34944248 PMCID: PMC8698016 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant secondary metabolites and essential oils also known as phytogenics are biologically active compounds that have recently attracted increased interest as feed additives in poultry production, due to their ability to promote feed efficiency by enhancing the production of digestive secretions and nutrient absorption, reduce pathogenic load in the gut, exert antioxidant properties and decrease the microbial burden on the animal’s immune status. However, the mechanisms are far from being fully elucidated. Better understanding the interaction of phytogenics with gastrointestinal function and health as well as other feed ingredients/additives is crucial to design potentially cost-effective blends. Abstract Phytogenic feed additives have been largely tested in poultry production with the aim to identify their effects on the gastrointestinal function and health, and their implications on the birds’ systemic health and welfare, the production efficiency of flocks, food safety, and environmental impact. These feed additives originating from plants, and consisting of herbs, spices, fruit, and other plant parts, include many different bioactive ingredients. Reviewing published documents about the supplementation of phytogenic feed additives reveals contradictory results regarding their effectiveness in poultry production. This indicates that more effort is still needed to determine the appropriate inclusion levels and fully elucidate their mode of actions. In this frame, this review aimed to sum up the current trends in the use of phytogenic feed additives in poultry with a special focus on their interaction with gut ecosystem, gut function, in vivo oxidative status and immune system as well as other feed additives, especially organic acids.
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Cheng H, Chen JF, Tang SG, Guo SC, He CQ, Qu XY. Effects of essential oil/palygorskite composite on performance, egg quality, plasma biochemistry, oxidation status, immune response and intestinal morphology of laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101632. [PMID: 35231769 PMCID: PMC8886033 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the effects of different levels of essential oil/palygorskite composite (EO-PGS) supplementation on performance, egg quality, oxidative status, immunity and intestinal morphology of laying hens. A total of 480 laying hens aged 65 wk were randomly assigned into 4 groups (6 replicates of 20 hens each). Hens were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (control diet), 0.5, 0.75 or 1.0 g/kg EO-PGS for 56 d. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA. Results showed that birds fed with diet supplemented with EO-PGS had increased the egg production (P < 0.05) more than birds fed with control diet. The yolk index and shell thickness were increased in 0.75 and 1.0 g/kg EO-PGS groups at d56 (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma biochemical parameters among all groups. Compared with the control group, supplementation of EO-PGS increased the immunoglobulin-G and interleukin-2 levels in plasma (P < 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver, the plasma catalase concentration, the activity of total superoxide dismutase in the liver and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the spleen were increased in the EO-PGS groups (P < 0.05). The concentration of malondialdehyde in the liver was decreased with the increasing level of EO-PGS (P < 0.05). The crypt depth of ileum and duodenum of birds fed with EO-PGS supplemented diet had a tendency to decrease (0.05<P < 0.1) and the villus height to crypt depth ratio of ileum increased (P < 0.05), compared with birds fed with control diet. In summary, EO-PGS supplementation improved the egg production, enhanced antioxidation and immune functions, and ameliorated egg quality and intestinal morphology of laying hens, and a level of 0.75 g/kg EO-PGS was recommended in laying hens diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - J F Chen
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China
| | - S G Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - S C Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - C Q He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - X Y Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China.
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20
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Casagrande AC, Machado GC, Brunetto AL, Galli GM, Rosa GDA, Araujo DN, Boiago MM, Souza CF, Baldissera MM, Silva ASDA. The addition of green propolis to laying hens had positive effects on egg quality: lower bacteria counts in the shell and lipid peroxidation in the yolk. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210315. [PMID: 34817037 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the addition of green propolis extract to the diet of laying hens would improve egg quality and bird performance and decrease bacterial contamination of eggs. Forty-five brown Hy-line laying hens were used, divided into five groups with three replicates each and three animals per cage: T0 - diet without propolis; T5 - 5 grams of propolis per kg of feed; T10 - 10 grams of propolis per kg of feed; T20 - 20 grams of propolis per kg of feed and T30 - 30 grams of propolis per kg of feed. The quality of fresh eggs was made on day 21 of the experiment, and eggs were stored for 21 days. Greater specific gravity was observed in fresh eggs in T5 birds and stored eggs for T10. TBARS in fresh eggs, we found that T30 eggs had lower levels compared to other treatments. T20 eggs had the lowest total bacterial count and the lowest total coliform count in the eggshells of T10 and T20 chickens. The count of E. coli in the peel was lower for T20 and T30 than T0 and T5. The consumption of propolis did not interfere with the hens' egg production rate but reduced food intake and consequently reduced feed conversion. We concluded that the addition of green propolis in the diet of laying birds proved efficient in reducing bacterial contamination in the eggshells and reducing the lipid peroxidation of fresh and stored eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Casagrande
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Zootecnia, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Giovana C Machado
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Zootecnia, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Andrei L Brunetto
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Zootecnia, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Galli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Zootecnia, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gilneia DA Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Zootecnia, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Denise N Araujo
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Zootecnia, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Zootecnia, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcel M Boiago
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Zootecnia, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Zootecnia, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Carine F Souza
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus M Baldissera
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S DA Silva
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Zootecnia, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E - Zootecnia, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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21
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Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and essential oil complex on productive performance, egg quality, and uterus antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101410. [PMID: 34587537 PMCID: PMC8482040 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (HDV) and essential oils (EO) on the uterus antioxidant capacity, egg quality, and eggshell ultrastructure in laying hens. A total of 400 48-wk-old Lohmann laying hens were randomly allocated into 2 groups and fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with a combination of 69 μg/kg HDV and EO (including 200 mg/kg thymol and 50 mg/kg carvacrol) for 12 wk. There are 10 replicates of 20 hens each. Compared with the control, dietary HDV+EO supplementation improved (P < 0.05) egg production rate, feed efficiency, eggshell thickness and strength, and decreased (P < 0.05) the translucent egg score. Ultrastructural changes indicated that dietary HDV+EO supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) mammillary knob width, mammillary thickness and the proportion of mammillary thickness, and increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of effective thickness and total thickness of the eggshells compared with the control. Supplementation with HDV+EO complex led to higher serum HDV concentration and increased antioxidant capacity in the uterus, indicated by higher (P < 0.05) antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase [CAT], total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC], and glutathione S-transferases [GST]) and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Therefore, dietary HDV and EO complex (including thymol and carvacrol) supplementation can improve the productive performance and the eggshell quality in laying hens, and the improving effect on eggshell quality may through enhancing eggshell ultrastructure and antioxidant capacity of uterus.
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22
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Arslan C, Pirinç A, Eker N, Sur E, Ündağ İ, Kuşat T. Dietary encapsulated essential oil mixture influence on apparent nutrient digestibility, serum metabolic profile, lymphocyte histochemistry and intestinal morphology of laying hens. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:740-751. [PMID: 34530506 PMCID: PMC9065788 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mixture of encapsulated essential oils (EOs) addition on nutrient digestion, serum biochemical parameters, peripheral blood alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) positive lymphocyte ratios and intestinal morphology in laying hens. Methods A total of 320 laying hens of 48-wk-old were randomly allotted into 4 treatment groups with 10 replicates of 8 birds in each replicate. The birds were fed a basal diet (control) or the diet added with mixture of EOs (which consist of eugenol, nerolidol, piperine, thymol, linalool, and geraniol) at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for period of 84 days. Results The addition of EOs at 100 or 200 mg/kg increased the dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestion as compared to control. The addition of all doses of EOs did not affect serum gamma glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and P but increased serum asparate aminotransferase (AST) concentration. The addition of 200 mg/kg EOs increased serum creatinine, while 100 mg/kg decreased Ca concentration. The addition of 100 and 200 mg/kg EOs generally improved ANAE and ACP-ase positive peripheral blood lymphocyte ratios and intestinal morphology. Conclusion It can be concluded that, the addition of 100 or 200 mg/kg encapsulated EOs generally increased apparent nutrient digestion and serum AST concentration, improved ANAE and ACP-ase positive peripheral blood lymphocytes and intestinal morphology in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavit Arslan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, 42100 Campus, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Pirinç
- Healty Science Institute, Selcuk University, 42100 Campus, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nizamettin Eker
- Healty Science Institute, Selcuk University, 42100 Campus, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Emrah Sur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, 42100 Campus, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - İlknur Ündağ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, 42100 Campus, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tansu Kuşat
- Healty Science Institute, Selcuk University, 42100 Campus, Selcuklu, Konya, Turkey
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23
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Honeybee and Plant Products as Natural Antimicrobials in Enhancement of Poultry Health and Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The quality and safety attributes of poultry products have attracted increasing widespread attention and interest from scholarly groups and the general population. As natural and safe alternatives to synthetic and artificial chemical drugs (e.g., antibiotics), botanical products are recently being used in poultry farms more than 60% of the time for producing organic products. Medicinal plants, and honeybee products, are natural substances, and they were added to poultry diets in a small amount (between 1% and 3%) as a source of nutrition and to provide health benefits for poultry. In addition, they have several biological functions in the poultry body and may help to enhance their welfare. These supplements can increase the bodyweight of broilers and the egg production of laying hens by approximately 7% and 10% and enhance meat and egg quality by more than 25%. Moreover, they can improve rooster semen quality by an average of 20%. Previous research on the main biological activities performed by biotics has shown that most research only concentrated on the notion of using botanical products as growth promoters, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents. In the current review, the critical effects and functions of bee products and botanicals are explored as natural and safe alternative feed additives in poultry production, such as antioxidants, sexual-stimulants, immuno-stimulants, and for producing healthy products.
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24
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Feng J, Lu M, Wang J, Zhang H, Qiu K, Qi G, Wu S. Dietary oregano essential oil supplementation improves intestinal functions and alters gut microbiota in late-phase laying hens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:72. [PMID: 34225796 PMCID: PMC8259136 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary essential oil (EO) supplementation can exert favorable effects on gut health in broilers. However, it is unknown whether EO could improve intestinal functions, consequently beneficial for egg performance and quality in late-phase laying hens. This study was aimed to investigate the potential effects of EO on production performance, egg quality, intestinal health and ileal microbiota of hens in the late phase of production. A total of 288 60-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed a basal diet (control) or basal diets supplemented with oregano EO at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (EO100, EO200 and EO400). RESULTS Dietary EO supplementation resulted in a quadratic decrease (P < 0.05) in feed conversion ratio with lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio in EO200 group than the control during weeks 9-12 and 1-12 of the trial. Compared to the control, EO addition resulted in higher (P < 0.05) eggshell thickness at the end of week. 4, 8 and 12 and higher (P < 0.05) chymotrypsin activity. There was a quadratic elevation (P < 0.05) in ileal chymotrypsin and lipase activity, along with a linear increase in villus height to crypt depth ratio. Quadratic declines (P < 0.05) in mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TLR-4, concurrent with a linear and quadratic increase (P < 0.05) in ZO-1 expression were identified in the ileum with EO addition. These favorable effects were maximized at medium dosage (200 mg/kg) of EO addition and intestinal microbial composition in the control and EO200 groups were assessed. Dietary EO addition increased (P < 0.05) the abundances of Burkholderiales, Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, Enterococcaceae and Bacillaceae, whereas decreased Shigella abundance in the ileum. CONCLUSIONS Dietary EO addition could enhance digestive enzyme activity, improve gut morphology, epithelial barrier functions and modulate mucosal immune status by altering microbial composition, thus favoring feed efficiency and eggshell quality of late-phase laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Mingyuan Lu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China.
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 10081, China.
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25
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Alagawany M, Elnesr SS, Farag MR, Abd El-Hack ME, Barkat RA, Gabr AA, Foda MA, Noreldin AE, Khafaga AF, El-Sabrout K, Elwan HAM, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Michalak I, Di Cerbo A, Dhama K. Potential role of important nutraceuticals in poultry performance and health - A comprehensive review. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:9-29. [PMID: 33915364 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics use in poultry as a growth promoter leads to the propagation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and incorporation of drug residues in foods; therefore, it has been restricted in different countries. There is a global trend to limit the use of antibiotics in the animal products. Prevention of the antibiotics use in the poultry diets led to the reduction in the growth performance. Consequently, there is a high demand for natural substances that lead to the same growth enhancement and beneficially affect poultry health. These constituents play essential roles in regulating the normal physiological functions of animals including the protection from infectious ailments. Nutraceuticals administration resulted beneficial in both infectious and noninfectious diseases. Being the natural components of diet, they are compatible with it and do not pose risks associated with antibiotics or other drugs. Nutraceuticals are categorized as commercial additives obtained from natural products as an alternative feed supplement for the improvement of animal welfare. This group includes enzymes, synbiotics, phytobiotics, organic acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the present review, the summary of various bioactive ingredients that act as nutraceuticals and their mode of action in growth promotion and elevation of the immune system has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Barkat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Amr A Gabr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo Unversity, Giza 1221, Egypt
| | - Manar A Foda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Karim El-Sabrout
- Poultry production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Elshatby, Egypt
| | - Hamada A M Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, 61519 El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025 Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Mahfuz S, Shang Q, Piao X. Phenolic compounds as natural feed additives in poultry and swine diets: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:48. [PMID: 33823919 PMCID: PMC8025492 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to ban on using antibiotics in feed industry, awareness of using natural feed additives have led to a great demand. The interest of plants phenolic compounds as a potential natural antioxidant source has been considered in research community due to their predictable potential role as feed additives in poultry and swine production. However, the mode of action for their functional role and dosage recommendation in animal diets are still remain indistinct. Taking into account, the present review study highlights an outline about the mode of action of phenolic compound and their experimental uses in poultry and swine focusing on the growth performance, antioxidant function, immune function, antimicrobial role and overall health status, justified with the past findings till to date. Finally, the present review study concluded that supplementation of phenolic compounds as natural feed additives may have a role on the antioxidant, immunity, antimicrobial and overall production performance in poultry and swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shad Mahfuz
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qinghui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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27
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Ramirez SY, Peñuela-Sierra LM, Ospina MA. Effects of oregano ( Lippia origanoides) essential oil supplementation on the performance, egg quality, and intestinal morphometry of Isa Brown laying hens. Vet World 2021; 14:595-602. [PMID: 33935403 PMCID: PMC8076468 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.595-602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The use of antibiotics as growth promoters in the feed of poultry, has contributed to an increase in the antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens worldwide. Hence, the development of new effective alternatives to antibiotics that do not hinder productivity is imperative. For this, the aim of the present study was to determine whether oregano essential oil (OEO) extracted from Lippia origanoides is a suitable alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics (GPAs) for improving the performance, egg quality, and intestinal morphometry of ISA Brown laying hens. Materials and Methods: A total of ninety-six 70-week-old ISA Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with four replicates per treatment and six hens per replicate. The treatments consisted of four different diets that were formulated according to the nutritional requirements of the genetic line and the production phase with and without the addition of GPA and OEO: NC, which did not contain OEO or GPA; GPA, which included 50 ppm zinc bacitracin as a GPA; 80OEO, which included 80 ppm OEO and no GPA; and 150OEO, which included 150 ppm OEO and no GPA. Results: All of the OEO and GPA treatment groups had a better feed conversion ratio than the NC group. However, the addition of 150 ppm OEO to the diet improved the percentage egg production and egg mass, as well as the external and internal quality of the egg compared with the other treatments. In addition, both the 80OEO and 150OEO treatments improved the yolk color, shell thickness, and shell color, as well as parameters related to the intestinal morphometry compared with the NC group. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that 150 ppm OEO can be used as a substitute for GPA to improve the performance, egg quality, and parameters related to the intestinal morphometry of ISA Brown laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanny Y Ramirez
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Lina M Peñuela-Sierra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Maria A Ospina
- Department of Biology, Faculty Science, University of Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
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28
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Liu X, Chen Y, Tang S, Deng Y, Xiao B, He C, Guo S, Zhou X, Qu X. Dietary encapsulated Bacillus subtilis and essential oil supplementation improves reproductive performance and hormone concentrations of broiler breeders during the late laying period. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Abdel-Wareth A, Lohakare J. Productive performance, egg quality, nutrients digestibility, and physiological response of bovans brown hens fed various dietary inclusion levels of peppermint oil. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Shen C, Christensen L, Bak S, Christensen N, Kragh K. Immunomodulatory effects of thymol and cinnamaldehyde in chicken cell lines. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2020.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thymol and cinnamaldehyde are phytogenic feed additives that have been developed to improve gut health, immunity and growth performance in poultry and swine. This study evaluated the immune modulating effects of a thymol and cinnamaldehyde blend (TCB) in the intestinal system of poultry in vitro, using two chicken cell lines, LMH (liver cell line) which has been used to mimic epithelial cell responses, and HD-11 (monocyte/macrophage-like). Cells with high viability (>95%) from established cell lines were cultured in the presence of TCB at concentrations ranging from 1 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml. The viability, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and phagocytic capacity of co-cultured LMH cells, with or without stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was subsequently evaluated. The expression of cytokines, chemokines and pattern recognition receptors by HD-11 monocytes/macrophages was measured by RT-PCR and by proteomic analysis. TCB was well tolerated by both cell lines (cell viability >90% after co-culture with TCB at 100 ng/ml for 48 h with or without LPS). Epithelial integrity of LMH cells (as assessed by TEER) was increased by TCB (10 ng/ml) after 4 h incubation, versus untreated controls, and phagocytic capacity of HD-11 cells was increased, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In HD-11 cells, TCB (10 ng/ml) downregulated the relative expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and the transcription factor cyclooxygenase-2 and upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10, versus untreated controls (P<0.05). In summary, under the tested conditions, TCB enhanced the epithelial barrier integrity of poultry hepatocytes, increased phagocytic activity and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes and macrophages. These results indicated how supplementing TCB in poultry diets can increase bird performance, by increasing in vivo cell membrane integrity (especially important in the gut) and assisting in immune responses, which can liberate energy for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Shen
- Gut Immunology Lab, Technology & Innovation, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand, 8220, Denmark
| | - L.G. Christensen
- Gut Immunology Lab, Technology & Innovation, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand, 8220, Denmark
| | - S.Y. Bak
- Advanced Analysis, Technology & Innovation, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand, 8220, Denmark
| | - N. Christensen
- Technology & Innovation, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand, 8220, Denmark
| | - K. Kragh
- Gut Immunology Lab, Technology & Innovation, DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, Brabrand, 8220, Denmark
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Abo Ghanima MM, Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, Taha A, Elnesr SS, Ajarem J, Allam AA, Mahmoud AM. Consequences of various housing systems and dietary supplementation of thymol, carvacrol, and euganol on performance, egg quality, blood chemistry, and antioxidant parameters. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4384-4397. [PMID: 32867982 PMCID: PMC7598024 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was carried out to investigate the influences of housing system and dietary essential oils (EOs) supplementation to laying hens on the productive performance, egg quality, immunity, antioxidant parameters, and hematology. A factorial arrangement (2 × 4) was performed, including 2 housing systems and 4 different types of EOs (without EOs, thymol, carvacrol, and euganol) during the production stages (from 28–78 wk of age). Birds were randomly divided into 2 groups with each of 2,000 birds. The first group was moved to laying cages while the second group was a floor reared. Each group was randomly divided into 4 groups (5 replicates of 100 birds each): The first were considered as a control group, and the second, third, and fourth groups were treated with thymol, carvacrol, and euganol EO, respectively. The results showed that hens reared in cage system had higher egg weight (P < 0.05), egg production, egg mass, and feed intake and better feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001) than those reared in the floor system. Blood picture values (except white blood cells), phagocytic index, phagocytic activity, and blood chemistry parameters (except calcium, phosphorus, and urea values) of laying hens were not affected (P > 0.05) by housing system. The groups fed EOs showed a rapid improvement (P < 0.001) in the egg production%, egg weight, egg mass, and egg quality. Thymol group had the highest egg production (P < 0.001). Thymol and eugenol groups had the highest egg weight, egg mass, and egg quality (P < 0.001). The groups fed diets containing thymol or eugenol consumed lower feed and had better feed conversion ratio (P < 0.001) than the control group. Immunity indices (phagocytic activity [P < 0.05], avian influenza [AIH5 and AIH9], P < 0.001) were improved with the presence of EOs in the laying hen diet. These results strongly suggest that dietary EO supplementation could be a successful attempt to improve the productive performance, egg quality, and immunity of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Abo Ghanima
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Jamaan Ajarem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 65211 Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 65211 Egypt
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YALÇIN S, ESER H, ONBAŞILAR İ, YALÇIN S. Effects of dried thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves on performance, some egg quality traits and immunity in laying hens. ANKARA ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.33988/auvfd.677150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Reda FM, El-Kholy MS, Abd El-Hack ME, Taha AE, Othman SI, Allam AA, Alagawany M. Does the use of different oil sources in quail diets impact their productive and reproductive performance, egg quality, and blood constituents? Poult Sci 2020; 99:3511-3518. [PMID: 32616246 PMCID: PMC7597821 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the impact of dietary oil sources (soybean, corn, peanut, flaxseed, olive, and sunflower oils as sources of omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids) on productive and reproductive traits, egg quality, hematological and biochemical blood parameters of laying Japanese quail. A total of 360 eight-week mature Japanese quail were randomly divided into 6 groups fed for 8 wk on a basal diet included with 1.5% of different oil sources. Results showed that the highest egg weights and the best feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) were recorded for quail fed diets supplemented with 1.5% soybean and peanut oil. The highest hatchability percentages (P < 0.05) were recorded for quail fed diets supplemented with corn oil as compared to the other oils. Furthermore, diets enriched with corn, olive, or sunflower oils had higher values of blood lymphocytes (%) compared to the other treated groups. Blood total cholesterol significantly decreased in quail fed on corn, peanut, flaxseed, or olive oil sources as compared to soybean or sunflower oil groups. Immunologically, the highest levels (P < 0.001) of immunoglobulins (G and M) were recorded for quail fed on corn or olive oil sources compared to other oil sources. Quail consuming olive oil–included diets showed a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities and a significant decrease on malondialdehyde level compared with those consumed the other oil sources. It could be concluded that varying the oil source can affect productive, reproductive, and health aspects of Japanese quail. Soybean oil showed good results regarding production aspects; however, olive oil was the best regarding health aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Reda
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - M S El-Kholy
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - M E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - A E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Rasheed, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - S I Othman
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef 65211, Egypt
| | - M Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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Marume U, Mokagane JM, Shole CO, Hugo A. Citrullus lanatus essential oils inclusion in diets elicit nutraceutical effects on egg production, egg quality, and physiological characteristics in layer hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3038-3046. [PMID: 32475440 PMCID: PMC7597658 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of Citrullus lanatus essential oils inclusion in diet on egg production, egg quality, and physiological parameters in layer hens. A total of 72 White Leghorn point-of-lay hens at 18 wk were used for the study. The hens were randomly allocated to following 3 dietary treatments: 1) commercial layer diet (control), 2) commercial diet + 1 g C. lanatus essential oil/kg feed (1gCL), and 3) commercial diet + 2 g C. lanatus essential oil/kg feed (2gCL). Each treatment was replicated 8 times arranged in completely randomized design. From the results, an increase in total weight gain, average daily feed intake, and average daily gain was observed with inclusion of the C. lanatus essential oil. In addition, the inclusion of C. lanatus in diet improved the egg mass and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Hens fed C. lanatus-containing diets had higher egg mass (1gCL, 53.35 g ± 0.71; 2gCL, 53.99 ± 0.71 g) compared with the control (52.90 ± 0.71). The C. lanatus containing diets also had lower FCR than the control (1gCL [2.18 ± 0.22] and 2gCL [2.16 ± 0.22] vs. control [2.20 ± 0.71]). With regards to egg quality parameters, inclusion of C. lanatus oil appeared to reduce shell weight and shell ratio, while increasing albumen height and Haugh unit. Diets containing C. lanatus had significantly higher amounts of stearic acid, and linoleic acid was highest (P < 0.05) in the 2gCL fed hens. Birds fed the 2gCL diet (15.29 ± 0.60) had the highest total polyunsaturated fatty acids, total n-6 fatty acids (14.81 ± 0.59) and also had the highest n-6/n-3 ratio. An increase hematological values was observed with inclusion of C. lanatus essential oils in diets. Moreover, tibia bone parameters were also significantly improved with inclusion of C. lanatus essential oils in diets. It can be concluded that C. lanatus essential oil positively affected egg production, and quality and health of layer hens can be used successfully as a natural feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Marume
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University 2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - J M Mokagane
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University 2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - C O Shole
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University 2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - A Hugo
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of Free State 9300, South Africa
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Effect of Housing System and Rosemary and Cinnamon Essential Oils on Layers Performance, Egg Quality, Haematological Traits, Blood Chemistry, Immunity, and Antioxidant. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020245. [PMID: 32033082 PMCID: PMC7070939 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current study aimed to investigate the effects of a housing system, and dietary supplementation of rosemary and cinnamon essential oils on layers performance and egg quality. A factorial arrangement (2 × 3) was performed including two housing systems (floor and cage) and three different types of essential oils (0, 300 mg/kg diet of rosemary and 300 mg/kg diet of cinnamon essential oils) to study their effects on the productive performance, egg quality, immunity, oxidative stress and haematology of laying hens during the production stages. The data suggested that the supplementation of rosemary and cinnamon essential oils in laying hen diet showed significant positive effects on hen performance and egg production. Additionally, the different housing systems did not result in any positive or negative impact on these traits. Abstract Housing system and nutrition are non-genetic factors that can improve the well-being of animals to obtain higher quality products. A better understanding of how different housing systems and essential oils can influence the performance of layers is very important at the research and commercial levels. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of a housing system and dietary supplementation of rosemary and cinnamon essential oils on layers’ performance and egg quality. A factorial arrangement (2 × 3) was performed include two housing systems (floor and cage) and three different types of essential oils (0, 300 mg/kg diet of rosemary and 300 mg/kg diet of cinnamon essential oils) to study their effects on the productive performance, egg quality, immunity, oxidative stress and haematology of ISA brown laying hens during the production stages (from 28 to 76 weeks of age). Birds were randomly divided into two groups each comprising of 1500 birds; the first group was moved from the litter to reared laying cages while the second group was floor reared. Each group was randomly divided into three groups, the first was considered as a control group, the second treated with rosemary essential oil, and the third with cinnamon essential oil. The differences in egg production and weight, egg quality, feed intake and conversion, blood picture and chemistry, immunity, and antioxidant parameters between the different housing systems (floor and cage) were not significant at (p < 0.05 or 0.01). On the other hand, the egg production and weight, Haugh unit, feed intake and conversion, blood cholesterol, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), urea, Ca, P, immunity, and antioxidant parameters were significantly (p < 0.05 or 0.01) better in rosemary and cinnamon groups than in the control group. Furthermore, the results of dietary supplementation with rosemary and cinnamon were very close. Regarding egg production and weight, there were no significant differences due to the interactions. The differences in egg mass among the interactions were also not significant except at 68–76 weeks, where the cage × cinnamon group was the highest. Under the floor rearing system, birds that were fed a diet supplemented with or without essential oils (EOs) consumed more feed than those raised under the cage system. Regarding feed conversion rate (FCR), the differences among the interactions were not significant except at 44–52, 52–60 and 68–76 weeks, where the cage × cinnamon group was the lowest. Excluding glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (p < 0.001), all immunity and antioxidant indices were not statistically different as a consequence of the interaction among EOs and housing systems. Additionally, the highest levels of phosphorus were observed for layers fed diets enriched with cinnamon oil with the cage or floor system. In conclusion, the data suggested that supplementation of rosemary and cinnamon essential oils in laying hen diet showed significantly positive effects on hen performance and egg production. Cholesterol, liver and kidney functions, immunity, and antioxidant parameters improved with rosemary and cinnamon supplementation when compared to the control. Additionally, the different housing systems did not result in any positive or negative impact on these traits.
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Reshadi H, Torki M, Mohammadi H. Changes in performance, egg quality and blood parameters of laying hens fed selenium and oregano oil. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Organic and herbal additives in feed may lead to more healthy animal products. For this study, we hypothesised that an organic form of selenium and/or a herbal additive (oregano, Origanum vulgare L.) may improve performance of laying hens.
Aims
The study was designed to determine the effects of selenium source (SS, sodium selenite; or selenium yeast, SY), oregano essential oil (OEO) and a combination of Se and OEO on performance, egg quality and blood parameters of laying hens.
Methods
In total, 216 Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens, 66 weeks of age, were assigned to feed on one of six diets: control group, receiving basal diet (BD); BD + 0.3 mg SS/kg; BD + 0.3 mg SY/kg; BD + 250 mg OEO/kg; BD + 250 mg OEO + 0.3 mg SS/kg; BD + 250 mg OEO + 0.3 mg SY/kg. For each treatment, there were six replicates of six hens each for 12 weeks.
Key results
Feed conversion ratio was higher (P < 0.05) with the OEO diet than in the control. The SY diet decreased egg production and the OEO diet decreased egg mass (P < 0.05), although this effect was reversed with the SY + OEO diet. This would illustrate a synergistic effect of OEO with SY. Highest and lowest yolk colour values were found with the SY and SS diets, respectively (P < 0.05). Serum uric acid was lower with diets containing Se than the control diet (P < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase activity was highest with SY and SY + OEO diets and lowest with the OEO diet (P < 0.05). Birds fed the SS + OEO diet showed the highest total antioxidant capacity and those fed SY showed the lowest total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that SY diet have increasing effect on egg weight in laying hens. In addition, novel synergistic effects between OEO and SY diets on improving egg production, egg mass and feed conversion ratio have been found. In terms of oxidative status, the detected synergistic effects between OEO and SS diets on total antioxidant capacity and between OEO and SY diets on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) have not been reported before, that appreciate more clarifying investigations in future. Although, dietary supplemental SY individually and also with OEO increased GPx, adding SS to diet together with OEO showed more improving effect on GPx compared to the separate usage.
Implications
Dietary supplemental SY can improve egg weight in laying hens. In addition, adding SY to diet of laying hens individually and with OEO have beneficial effects on oxidative status of bird in terms of GPs activity, which in turn can ameliorate the unfavourable impressions of probable environmentally oxidative stress on productive performance.
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Chen X, Zhu W, Du Y, Liu X, Geng Z. Genetic Parameters for Yolk Cholesterol and Transcriptional Evidence Indicate a Role of Lipoprotein Lipase in the Cholesterol Metabolism of the Chinese Wenchang Chicken. Front Genet 2019; 10:902. [PMID: 31632438 PMCID: PMC6786094 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The yolk cholesterol has been reported to affect egg quality and breeding performance in chickens. However, the genetic parameters and molecular mechanisms regulating yolk cholesterol remain largely unknown. Here, we used the Wenchang chicken, a Chinese indigenous breed with a complete pedigree, as an experimental model, and we examined 24 sire families (24 males and 240 females) and their 362 daughters. First, egg quality and yolk cholesterol content were determined in 40-week-old chickens of two consecutive generations, and the heritability of these parameters was analyzed using the half-sib correlation method. Among first-generation individuals, the egg weight, egg shape index, shell strength, shell thickness, yolk weight, egg white height, Haugh unit, and cholesterol content were 45.36 ± 4.44 g, 0.81 ± 0.12, 3.07 ± 0.92 kg/cm2, 0.340 ± 0.032 mm, 15.57 ± 1.64 g, 3.36 ± 1.15 mm, 58.70 ± 12.33, and 274.3 ± 36.73 mg/egg, respectively. When these indexes were compared to those of the following generation, no statistically significant difference was detected. Although yolk cholesterol content was not associated with egg quality in females, an increase in yolk cholesterol content was correlated with increased yolk weight and albumin height in sire families (p < 0.05). Moreover, the heritability estimates for the yolk cholesterol content were 0.328 and 0.530 in female and sire families, respectively. Therefore, the yolk cholesterol content was more strongly associated with the sire family. Next, chickens with low and high yolk cholesterol contents were selected for follicular membrane collection. Total RNA was extracted from these samples and used as a template for transcriptional sequencing. In total, 375 down- and 578 upregulated genes were identified by comparing the RNA sequencing data of chickens with high and low yolk cholesterol contents. Furthermore, Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses indicated the involvement of energy metabolism and immune-related pathways in yolk cholesterol deposition. Several genes participating in the regulation of the yolk cholesterol content were located on the sex chromosome Z, among which lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was associated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and the Gene Ontology term cellular component. Collectively, our data suggested that the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway and the downregulation of LPL played critical roles in the regulation of yolk cholesterol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yeye Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and its essential oil: antimicrobial, antioxidant and acaricidal effects in poultry production. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933919000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Attia Y, Al-Harthi M, El-Kelawy M. Utilisation of essential oils as a natural growth promoter for broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1607574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Attia
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Harthi
- Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud El-Kelawy
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
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Fernandez ME, Kembro JM, Ballesteros ML, Caliva JM, Marin RH, Labaque MC. Dynamics of thymol dietary supplementation in quail (Coturnix japonica): Linking bioavailability, effects on egg yolk total fatty acids and performance traits. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216623. [PMID: 31071185 PMCID: PMC6508865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytogenic additives such as thymol are encountering growing interest in the poultry industry. However, there are still questions concerning dynamics of their bioavailability, biological action, optimal dosage and duration of supplementation needed to achieve meaningful effects, as well as persistence of induced changes after supplement withdrawal. We studied the link between the dynamics of free thymol concentration and the changes in fatty acids composition in quail egg yolk, both during a month-long chronic dietary supplementation and after 3 weeks of supplement withdrawal (post-supplementation). Fifty, 85 days-old, female quail of homogeneous body weights (251±1g) in egg-laying peak were used. To evaluate potential dose-dependent effects, three increasing doses 2, 4, and 6.25 g of thymol/kg of feed (THY2, THY4 and THY6, respectively) and two controls were evaluated (n = 10). In parallel, we assessed the concomitant changes in free thymol excretion, potential liver histopathological changes, and birds´ performance traits. Egg yolk and droppings show a dose-dependent increase in THY concentration after 9 days of supplementation and a decrease after post-supplementation. In egg yolk, these changes were accompanied by reduced saturated fatty acid concentrations achieved by 28 days of supplementation in THY2 and 14 days of supplementation in THY4 and THY6. However, after post-supplementation the aforementioned effect disappeared in THY2 but not in THY4 and THY6. While THY2 failed to increase polyunsaturated fatty acids, THY4 and THY6 increased polyunsaturated fatty acids by day 14 of supplementation and remained increased after post-supplementation. Fatty acids changes induced by thymol are consistent with improved nutritional quality of eggs. No treatment effects were observed in liver histopathology and female performance. Findings suggest that both dose of thymol and duration of supplementation modulate thymol and fatty acids concentrations in egg yolk and thymol concentration in droppings. Furthermore, the persistence of those effects after post-supplementation period is also a dose-dependent phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Fernandez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jackelyn M. Kembro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MCL); (JMK)
| | - Maria L. Ballesteros
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Diversidad Animal II, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge M. Caliva
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raul H. Marin
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Química Biológica, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria C. Labaque
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra de Ecología, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MCL); (JMK)
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CIMRIN TULAY. Effect of cinnamaldehyde and 1, 8-cineole on performance, egg quality and some blood parameters of laying hens. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i4.89146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining the effects of the addition of cinnamaldehyde and 1, 8-cineole to laying hen rations on performance, egg quality and some blood parameters. For this purpose, 96 (48-week-old and initial body weight average 1,773.19 g) laying hens of the Bovans White lineage were used. Birds were fed on a standard basal ration (PC) and basal rations were added with 500 mg/kg of antibiotic (NC); 100 mg/kg of cinnamaldehyde (T1); and 100 mg/kg of 1, 8-cineole (T2) for 60 days. While the feed consumption levels of groups T1 and T2 were significantly lower than that of group PC, their egg production was significantly lower than that of groups PC and NC. When compared to groups PC and NC, it was observed that the feed additive given to group T2 had significantly reduced the feed conversion rate. All of the feed additives used in this study were determined to have decreased egg weight, eggshell strength and eggshell thickness, in comparison to the measurements of group PC. Furthermore, when compared to groups PC and NC, groups T1 and T2 were ascertained to have lower serum glucose and cholesterol levels. However, when compared to the other 3 groups, group T1 presented with significantly higher serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and group T2 displayed a significantly higher rate of defective eggs. In result, the addition of cinnamaldehyde and 1, 8-cineole to the ration was observed to show a positive impact on serum glucose and cholesterol levels, and a negative impact on other performance parameters and eggshell quality. It was concluded that further more detailed investigation is required in this added to laying hen rations.
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Swelum AAA, Saadeldin IM, Alanazi MB, Ba-Awadh H, Afifi M, Alowaimer AN. Effects of adding egg yolks of different avian species to Tris glycerol extender on the post-thawing quality of buck semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:345-354. [PMID: 31262406 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of adding egg yolks (EY) of different avian species to the Tris glycerol extender was evaluated for post-thawing quality of buck semen. The semen samples collected from seven Aardi bucks were pooled and diluted 1:4 with the Tris glycerol diluents containing the egg yolks of chicken (C), pigeon (P), goose (G), Japanese quail (Q), duck (D), or turkey (T). The diluted semen samples were gradually cooled to 5 °C within 2 h, equilibrated at 5 °C for 2 h, and then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor for 8 min before storing them at -196 °C. The frozen straws were thawed at 37 °C for 30 s and evaluated for sperm motility, vitality, abnormality, plasma-membrane integrity, and DNA fragmentation. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities were measured. The egg yolk samples of the above-mentioned avian species (n = 7/species) were analyzed for moisture, ash, protein, fatty acid (FA), and trace element contents. The use of the chicken EY (C) diluent resulted in better post-thawing buck semen quality, including the total progressive sperm motility parameters, sperm vitality, plasma membrane intactness, DNA integrity, and sperm abnormalities percentages, in comparison with the EY diluents of the other avian species. The lowest MDA and the highest GSH activities were observed in the C diluent. The chicken EY had the highest percentages of margaric and linolenic FAs and the lowest percentages of palmitoleic and myristic FAs. Moreover, the percentage of oleic FA was lower in the chicken EY than in the EYs of other species, except turkey. Additionally, the chicken EY had the significantly lowest concentration of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn. In conclusion, the use of chicken egg yolk extender is recommended for buck semen cryopreservation. The egg yolks of the other avian species studied cannot substitute the chicken EY as they gave poorer post-thawing semen quality. The EY composition, especially FA profile and trace elements concentration, significantly affected the post-thawing quality of buck semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia 44519, Egypt(2).
| | - Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Masad B Alanazi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Ba-Awadh
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Afifi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia 44519, Egypt
| | - Abdullah N Alowaimer
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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